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AEROSOLS
1. **What are pharmaceutical aerosols?**
- A) Solid dosage forms containing active ingredients
- B) Pressurized dosage forms emitting a fine dispersion of liquid/solid
materials
- C) Liquid solutions for oral administration
- D) Tablets with delayed-release properties
- **Answer: B**
2. **What is the main component responsible for the delivery of medication
in aerosols?**
- A) Container
- B) Propellant
- C) Valve assembly
- D) Actuator
- **Answer: B**
3. **Which physical forms can aerosol products expel their contents as?**
- A) Fine mist
- B) Coarse wet or dry spray
- C) Steady stream
- D) All of the above
- **Answer: D**
4. **What particle size must be achieved for aerosols intended for inhalation
therapy to reach the alveolar ducts?**
- A) Less than 10 μm
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- B) Less than 6 μm
- C) Less than 4 μm
- D) Less than 2 μm
- **Answer: D**
5. **Which type of aerosol is known as metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)?**
- A) Inhalation aerosols
- B) Lingual aerosols
- C) Nasal aerosols
- D) Topical aerosols
- **Answer: A**
6. **What is the purpose of lingual aerosols?**
- A) To deposit particles in the nasal cavity
- B) To deposit particles on the surface of the tongue
- C) To deposit particles in the pulmonary tree
- D) To apply particles to the skin
- **Answer: B**
7. **Which of the following is NOT an advantage of pharmaceutical aerosols?
**
- A) Convenient and easy to use
- B) Danger of contamination with foreign materials
- C) Sterility is maintained throughout the product's life
- D) Protects photosensitive materials
- **Answer: B**
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8. **What is a disadvantage of using pharmaceutical aerosols?**
- A) High cost
- B) Easy disposal of containers
- C) No need for propellant
- D) Simple formulation of emulsion aerosols
- **Answer: A**
9. **Which component of aerosols provides the driving force to expel the
product?**
- A) Container
- B) Valve and actuator
- C) Propellant
- D) Product concentrate
- **Answer: C**
10. **What is a characteristic of liquefied-gas propellants?**
- A) Gases at room temperature and atmospheric pressure
- B) Only exist as gas under pressure
- C) Cannot be liquefied
- D) Always remain in liquid form
- **Answer: A**
11. **Which hydrocarbon propellants are commonly used in pharmaceutical
aerosols?**
- A) Ethanol, methanol, and butanol
- B) Butane, isobutane, and propane
- C) Carbon dioxide and nitrogen
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- D) Oxygen and helium
- **Answer: B**
12. **Which type of propellant is usually used for topical pharmaceutical
aerosols?**
- A) Hydrocarbons
- B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
- C) Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs)
- D) Compressed gases
- **Answer: A**
13. **What is a benefit of using compressed gas propellants?**
- A) Low cost and environmentally friendly
- B) High stability and long shelf life
- C) High vapor pressure and low toxicity
- D) Easy to handle and safe to use
- **Answer: A**
14. **Which is NOT a component of an aerosol system?**
- A) Container
- B) Valve and actuator
- C) Propellant
- D) Syringe
- **Answer: D**
15. **Which material is commonly used for aerosol containers due to its
corrosion resistance?**
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- A) Glass
- B) Plastic
- C) Aluminum
- D) Steel
- **Answer: C**
16. **Which type of aerosol container is generally used for light-sensitive
formulations?**
- A) Clear glass
- B) Plastic
- C) Opaque aluminum
- D) Steel
- **Answer: C**
17. **What is the function of the valve in an aerosol system?**
- A) To hold the product concentrate
- B) To regulate the flow of the product
- C) To generate the driving force for expulsion
- D) To provide a stable storage environment
- **Answer: B**
18. **What is the purpose of the actuator in an aerosol system?**
- A) To regulate the flow of the product
- B) To hold the product concentrate
- C) To open the container
- D) To direct the spray to the desired area
- **Answer: D**
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19. **Which of the following describes the product concentrate in an aerosol
system?**
- A) The propellant in a gaseous state
- B) The active ingredient combined with other agents
- C) The valve and actuator system
- D) The container material
- **Answer: B**
20. **What is a common use for aerosol foams?**
- A) Inhalation therapy
- B) Topical application
- C) Oral medication
- D) Intravenous administration
- **Answer: B**
21. **Which characteristic is typical of solution aerosols?**
- A) Require vigorous shaking before use
- B) Release particles in a fine mist
- C) Formed by suspending solid particles in a liquid
- D) Used for coarse spray applications
- **Answer: B**
22. **What defines suspension aerosols?**
- A) Solutions of active ingredients in a solvent
- B) Mixtures of fine solid particles in a propellant
- C) Gases at room temperature
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- D) Liquid solutions for oral administration
- **Answer: B**
23. **Which type of aerosol system is specifically designed for delivering dry
powders?**
- A) Solution aerosols
- B) Suspension aerosols
- C) Dry powder inhalers
- D) Foams
- **Answer: C**
24. **What is an advantage of using dry powder inhalers?**
- A) No propellant is required
- B) High cost of production
- C) Requires shaking before use
- D) Limited stability of active ingredients
- **Answer: A**
25. **Which method is commonly used to manufacture aerosols?**
- A) Dry granulation
- B) Compression molding
- C) Cold filling
- D) Lyophilization
- **Answer: C**
26. **What is the first step in the cold filling method of aerosol production?**
- A) Adding the propellant to the container
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- B) Filling the container with the product concentrate
- C) Sealing the container
- D) Crimping the valve to the container
- **Answer: B**
27. **Which filling method is suitable for products sensitive to heat?**
- A) Cold filling
- B) Pressure filling
- C) Hot filling
- D) Vacuum filling
- **Answer: B**
28. **What is the main advantage of the pressure filling method?**
- A) Simple and quick process
- B) Suitable for heat-sensitive products
- C) Low cost
- D) Does not require special equipment
- **Answer: B**
29. **Which of the following is a key factor in selecting an aerosol propellant?
**
- A) Color of the propellant
- B) Cost of the container
- C) Stability and compatibility with the active ingredient
- D) Taste of the final product
- **Answer: C**
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30. **What is a common method for testing the performance of
pharmaceutical aerosols?**
- A) Visual inspection
- B) Microbial testing
- C) Particle size analysis
- D) Organoleptic testing
- **Answer: C**
31. **Which test ensures the proper function of the valve and actuator in an
aerosol system?**
- A) Leakage test
- B) Spray pattern test
- C) Density test
- D) pH test
- **Answer: B**
32. **Why is the leakage test important for aerosol products?**
- A) To ensure the product has the correct density
- B) To verify the proper pH of the product
- C) To check the integrity of the container and valve system
- D) To confirm the taste of the product
- **Answer: C**
33. **What is assessed during the spray pattern test for aerosols?**
- A) The container's integrity
- B) The propellant's purity
- C) The distribution and shape of the spray
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- D) The product's taste
- **Answer: C**
34. **Which regulatory body is responsible for the oversight of
pharmaceutical aerosols in the United States?**
- A) EPA
- B) FDA
- C) OSHA
- D) CDC
- **Answer: B**
35. **What is one of the environmental concerns associated with using CFCs
in aerosols?**
- A) Contribution to smog formation
- B) Depletion of the ozone layer
- C) Increase in greenhouse gas emissions
- D) Toxicity to marine life
- **Answer: B**
36. **Which alternative to CFCs is commonly used in modern inhalers?**
- A) Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs)
- B) Hydrocarbons
- C) Compressed air
- D) Liquid nitrogen
- **Answer: A**
37. **Which property is important for the propellant in inhalation aerosols?**
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- A) High toxicity
- B) High vapor pressure
- C) High color
- D) High density
- **Answer: B**
38. **Which of the following is a key advantage of hydrocarbon propellants?
**
- A) Non-flammability
- B) Low cost
- C) Low vapor pressure
- D) High solubility in water
- **Answer: B**
39. **What is the role of the product concentrate in an aerosol system?**
- A) To act as the propellant
- B) To deliver the active ingredient
- C) To form the container
- D) To provide the valve mechanism
- **Answer: B**
40. **Which factor is critical for ensuring the stability of aerosol products?**
- A) The container material
- B) The propellant type
- C) The particle size of the active ingredient
- D) All of the above
- **Answer: D**
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41. **What is the main advantage of using metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)?**
- A) Precise dose delivery
- B) High cost of production
- C) Complex usage instructions
- D) Limited patient compliance
- **Answer: A**
42. **Why are dry powder inhalers considered environmentally friendly?**
- A) They do not require propellants
- B) They use CFCs as propellants
- C) They have a high environmental impact
- D) They produce high levels of waste
- **Answer: A**
43. **What is the purpose of adding a spacer to an MDI?**
- A) To reduce the cost of the inhaler
- B) To increase the size of the inhaler
- C) To improve drug delivery to the lungs
- D) To decrease the shelf life of the product
- **Answer: C**
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SEMI-SOLID
1. **What are semi-solid dosage forms primarily used for?**
- A) Oral administration
- B) Intravenous administration
- C) Topical application
- D) Inhalation
- **Answer: C) Topical application**
2. **Which of the following is NOT an example of a semi-solid dosage form?**
- A) Ointment
- B) Paste
- C) Tablet
- D) Gel
- **Answer: C) Tablet**
3. **Which of the following is an advantage of semi-solid dosage forms?**
- A) High dosage accuracy
- B) Suitable for unconscious patients
- C) Always non-irritating
- D) Easily oxidized bases
- **Answer: B) Suitable for unconscious patients**
4. **What is a disadvantage of semi-solid dosage forms?**
- A) Local action on the affected area
- B) Avoidance of first-pass metabolism
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- C) Application with finger may cause contamination
- D) Convenience for oral administration
- **Answer: C) Application with finger may cause contamination**
5. **Which property is NOT considered ideal for semi-solid dosage forms?**
- A) Non-gritty
- B) Greasy
- C) Non-staining
- D) Miscible with skin secretions
- **Answer: B) Greasy**
6. **What is the primary role of the base in semi-solid dosage forms?**
- A) To provide color
- B) To control the extent of absorption
- C) To act as a preservative
- D) To act as an emulsifier
- **Answer: B) To control the extent of absorption**
7. **Which ingredient in semi-solid dosage forms helps to elevate skin
penetration?**
- A) Humectant
- B) Buffer
- C) Antioxidant
- D) Emulsifier
- **Answer: A) Humectant**
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8. **Buffers in semi-solid dosage forms are used for all of the following
EXCEPT:**
- A) Compatibility with skin
- B) Drug solubility
- C) Drug stability
- D) Color enhancement
- **Answer: D) Color enhancement**
9. **Ointments are typically composed of what percentage of oil?**
- A) 20%
- B) 40%
- C) 60%
- D) 80%
- **Answer: D) 80%**
10. **Which of the following is a type of ointment base?**
- A) Water-soluble base
- B) Hydrocarbon base
- C) Absorption base
- D) All of the above
- **Answer: D) All of the above**
11. **Which type of base is known for its emollient and protective properties
but is difficult to remove from the skin?**
- A) Water-soluble bases
- B) Hydrocarbon bases
- C) Emulsifying bases
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- D) Absorption bases
- **Answer: B) Hydrocarbon bases**
12. **Which of the following is an example of a hydrocarbon base?**
- A) Soft paraffin
- B) Lanolin
- C) Wool fat
- D) Glycerin
- **Answer: A) Soft paraffin**
13. **Why are oleaginous bases not commonly used today?**
- A) They are too expensive
- B) They are greasy and difficult to remove
- C) They cause rapid drug absorption
- D) They are non-emollient
- **Answer: B) They are greasy and difficult to remove**
14. **What is a key characteristic of absorption bases?**
- A) They are completely anhydrous
- B) They do not absorb water
- C) They provide high emollient properties
- D) They can absorb water but retain ointment-like consistency
- **Answer: D) They can absorb water but retain ointment-like
consistency**
15. **Emulsifying bases are used to form what type of emulsion for topical
applications?**
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- A) Water-in-oil (w/o)
- B) Oil-in-water (o/w)
- C) Water-in-water (w/w)
- D) Oil-in-oil (o/o)
- **Answer: B) Oil-in-water (o/w)**
16. **Which of the following statements is true about water-soluble bases?**
- A) They contain oily substances
- B) They are also known as greaseless bases
- C) They do not mix well with skin secretions
- D) They are difficult to wash off
- **Answer: B) They are also known as greaseless bases**
17. **What dermatological factor affects the selection of an ideal base for
ointments?**
- A) Color of the base
- B) Miscibility with skin secretions
- C) Fragrance of the base
- D) Packaging of the base
- **Answer: B) Miscibility with skin secretions**
18. **Which method is used for mixing ointment ingredients by melting them
together?**
- A) Fusion
- B) Trituration
- C) Levigation
- D) Homogenization
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- **Answer: A) Fusion**
19. **What type of ointment is typically used as a protective agent?**
- A) Antiseptic ointment
- B) Emollient ointment
- C) Protective ointment
- D) Lubricant ointment
- **Answer: C) Protective ointment**
20. **Which preparation method involves grinding the drug with a small
amount of the base?**
- A) Fusion
- B) Trituration
- C) Levigation
- D) Homogenization
- **Answer: B) Trituration**
21. **Pastes differ from ointments in that they:**
- A) Are less absorptive
- B) Contain a large amount of finely powdered solids
- C) Spread easily on the skin
- D) Are more greasy
- **Answer: B) Contain a large amount of finely powdered solids**
22. **What is a common use for medicated jellies?**
- A) Oral administration
- B) Lubrication
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- C) Intravenous injection
- D) Tablet coating
- **Answer: B) Lubrication**
23. **Which ingredient is often included in jellies as a humectant to retain
moisture?**
- A) Sodium chloride
- B) Propylene glycol
- C) Ethanol
- D) Benzene
- **Answer: B) Propylene glycol**
24. **Which gelling agent is known for its susceptibility to microbial
degradation?**
- A) Tragacanth
- B) Alginate
- C) Cellulose derivatives
- D) Polyethylene glycols
- **Answer: A) Tragacanth**
25. **Which type of gelling agent forms neutral stable gels with good
resistance to microbial attack?**
- A) Pectin
- B) Cellulose derivatives
- C) Alginates
- D) Tragacanth
- **Answer: B) Cellulose derivatives**
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26. **Which preservative is essential for pectin gels due to their proneness to
microbial degradation?**
- A) Ethanol
- B) Benzene
- C) Benzoic acid
- D) Sorbitol
- **Answer: C) Benzoic acid**
27. **Which type of semi-solid dosage form is particularly suitable for water-
soluble medicaments?**
- A) Ointments
- B) Pastes
- C) Jellies
- D) Creams
- **Answer: C) Jellies**
28. **Creams are classified based on the dispersion of which two phases?**
- A) Water and alcohol
- B) Oil and water
- C) Solids and liquids
- D) Oil and alcohol
- **Answer: B) Oil and water**
29. **Which rheological property is NOT typically associated with semi-solid
dosage forms?**
- A) Thixotropy
- B) Irreversible structure damage
- C) Newtonian behavior
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- D) Elastic deformation
- **Answer: C) Newtonian behavior**
30. **What is the preferred instrument for determining the rheological
properties of semi-solid preparations?**
- A) Spectrophotometer
- B) Cone plate viscometer
- C) Centrifuge
- D) Ultrasonicator
- **Answer: B) Cone plate viscometer**
31. **Which of the following is NOT a factor in the selection of an ideal base
for ointments?**
- A) Dermatological factors
- B) Pharmaceutical factors
- C) Packaging factors
- D) Cost factors
- **Answer: D) Cost factors**
Continuing from question 32:
32. **Which mixing method for ointments ensures homogeneity by melting
ingredients together?**
- A) Trituration
- B) Levigation
- C) Fusion
- D) Homogenization
- **Answer: C) Fusion**
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33. **Which type of ointment base provides a cooling effect and is easily
washable?**
- A) Hydrocarbon base
- B) Absorption base
- C) Emulsifying base
- D) Water-soluble base
- **Answer: D) Water-soluble base**
34. **Which ingredient is often used as an antioxidant in semi-solid dosage
forms?**
- A) Propylene glycol
- B) Vitamin E
- C) Sodium chloride
- D) Ethanol
- **Answer: B) Vitamin E**
35. **Which property of semi-solid dosage forms helps in their application
and spreading on the skin?**
- A) Viscosity
- B) pH
- C) Color
- D) Taste
- **Answer: A) Viscosity**
36. **What is the primary function of preservatives in semi-solid dosage
forms?**
- A) Enhance drug absorption
- B) Improve fragrance
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- C) Prevent microbial growth
- D) Increase viscosity
- **Answer: C) Prevent microbial growth**
37. **Which semi-solid dosage form is often used for its protective action
against environmental factors?**
- A) Paste
- B) Cream
- C) Gel
- D) Ointment
- **Answer: A) Paste**
38. **Which semi-solid dosage form contains a high proportion of solids and
is used for protective purposes?**
- A) Ointments
- B) Pastes
- C) Creams
- D) Jellies
- **Answer: B) Pastes**
39. **Which gelling agent is commonly used in jellies and forms a clear gel?
**
- A) Tragacanth
- B) Pectin
- C) Carbomer
- D) Gelatin
- **Answer: C) Carbomer**
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40. **In semi-solid dosage forms, humectants are added to:**
- A) Increase viscosity
- B) Prevent the loss of moisture
- C) Act as a preservative
- D) Provide color
- **Answer: B) Prevent the loss of moisture**
41. **Which of the following is a common disadvantage of using pastes?**
- A) Easy to apply
- B) Greasy texture
- C) Difficult to remove from the skin
- D) Pleasant smell
- **Answer: C) Difficult to remove from the skin**
42. **What is the function of emulsifiers in semi-solid dosage forms?**
- A) To thicken the formulation
- B) To stabilize the emulsion
- C) To act as a preservative
- D) To enhance color
- **Answer: B) To stabilize the emulsion**
43. **Which type of semi-solid dosage form is designed to be used as a
lubricant in medical procedures?**
- A) Ointments
- B) Gels
- C) Pastes
- D) Creams
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- **Answer: B) Gels**
44. **Which semi-solid dosage form is known for its ability to deliver a drug
locally and systemically?**
- A) Ointments
- B) Creams
- C) Gels
- D) Pastes
- **Answer: C) Gels**
45. **Which ingredient is used in semi-solid dosage forms to prevent
oxidation of the base?**
- A) Benzene
- B) Ethanol
- C) Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
- D) Glycerin
- **Answer: C) Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)**
46. **Which semi-solid dosage form is usually formulated to be more
hydrophilic and less greasy?**
- A) Ointments
- B) Creams
- C) Pastes
- D) Gels
- **Answer: B) Creams**
47. **The term "ointment" typically refers to a preparation that:**
- A) Contains a high amount of water
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- B) Is non-greasy
- C) Is greasy and provides an occlusive effect
- D) Is used for oral administration
- **Answer: C) Is greasy and provides an occlusive effect**
48. **Which of the following bases is most likely to provide a cooling
sensation upon application?**
- A) Hydrocarbon base
- B) Absorption base
- C) Water-soluble base
- D) Emulsifying base
- **Answer: C) Water-soluble base**
49. **In which semi-solid dosage form are emulsifiers most commonly used?
**
- A) Gels
- B) Ointments
- C) Creams
- D) Pastes
- **Answer: C) Creams**
50. **Which ingredient is commonly used to improve the spreadability of a
semi-solid dosage form?**
a) Water
b) Glycerin
c) Sodium chloride
d) Paraffin
- **Answer: B) Glycerin**
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