5.1 Understanding disasters rise to casualties ond damage or infrastructure, essential which give loss of property. Types of disasters 3, or means of livelihood. envoronmentol serv 5.3 Natural disasters Disasters threaten sustainable economic 54 Mon mode disasters development worldwide. In the past twenty years, earthquakes, Masds, tropical storms, ‘ + calamities have killed fon people, inflicted injury, ion 5S Effects of disasters droughts and Disaster emergency kit around three mil melessness, and misery on one bi pepole, and caused damage worth millions of rupees. Disasters destroy decodes of human effort and investments, thereby plocing new Adisoster is “a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of demands on society for reconstruction and . rehabilitation. life”. A disaster is an event or series of events, Pi BRD “ xamples of Natural disasters ttp://nidm.gov.in/PDF/desaster_about.pdf{/g2'Types of disasters | Source : http:/nidm.gov.inien/#) & IGNOU New Delhi | Features of disasters- | _ ® It disrupts the normal functioning of i society. | _-@ Itaffects large number of people. # It causes large scale loss to life and — . © Itaffects a community which requires ‘extemal aid to cope with the losses. ‘We shall discuss some of the disasters as follows; 83 L Natural Disasters A) Earthquakes Mthquakes cause the shoking, rolling or mot@ment of the earth's surface. Earthquakes happen along cracks (called fault lines) in the corth's surface, Earthquokes can be felt over large areas, although they usually last less than ‘one minute, Earthquake is a sudden geological event below the surface of the earth which results in generation of shock waves that travel far and wide ond cause venical and horizontal ” vibrations. These consequential motions cause destructions of infrastructure. The severity of the impact depends on the magnitude of the ‘earthquake, which in tum depends on the ‘mount of energy released at the spot where the geological event takes place below the surface of the earth. Scientific study of earthquakes is called seismology, Therefore, earthquake activity is also referred to as seismic activi Earthquakes are considered to be one of the ‘most dangerous and destructive natural hazards. ‘The impact of this phenomenon is sudden with very little warning or without any warning. Large number of earthquakes occur every yoor all-round the earth but only a limited number of them ore centered near populated areas or are having sufficient strength to cause damage to 6the environment. It can destroy buildings and infrastructure in seconds, killing or injuring the inhabitonts. Earthquakes not only destroy the entire habitation but may destabilize economy and social structure of the region, Earthquakes - wichty in Mahorashira Mote of Maharashtra occupies the estem portion of peninsular India, technically an intraplate continental area, A disastrous earthquake occured, at Koyna on December 11, 1967, with magnitude of 6.5 on the Richter Scale, Latur carthquakcofSeptember 30, 1993, with mognitude 6.4 these were caused by serious damage by adjustments of crustal blocks along such pre-ex Mahara prone to eartt conte ng weak zones. ra_and adjoining regions are wakes of moderate magnitude as ‘can be seen from the experience of several years, Koyna regions of Sotora district have experienced the maximum number of tremors i Maharashrg9) CS rthquokes in Meharashira show major alignment along the west coast and Western Ghats region. Seismic activity can be seen near Ratnagiri, along the westemm coast, Koyna Nagar and Thane district, a nome 5 ee he Bhuj carthquake 26 January,2001 Source : hitp://.rsf.org.in?img/csr/0S/jpg getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking ston, If there isn'ta table or desk near You, COVEr your face and heod with your arms and crouch in ay inside corner of the building. + Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors ond walls, and anything that coulg fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture * Stay in bed if you are there when the corthquake strikes. your head with a under o heavy loose fixture that could fylj, In thot case, move to the nearest safe place, * Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to you and if you know it ig a strongly supported, loodbearing doorway * Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside * Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms moy tum on. * DO NOT use the elevators. 'b) If Outdoors: * Stay there. * Move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and utility wires. ‘Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits, ond alongside exterior walls. Most earthquake- related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass and falling objects * Donotforgetto carry the disaster emergency kit!iting moving vehicle: « Stop as quickly as safety pennits and Stay peal caaticusly once the conthqudke ; has stopped. A\ in the vehicle, Avoid stopping near or under on ae movoats hedges or rnin buildings, trees, overpasses, and utili fe been damaged by the wires. y earthquake, Figure 8.3: ‘DROP’, ‘COV "HOLD ON'octivity during earthquake (Source : http://nldm.govn/entity — De you knaw? "Latur earthquake was one ofthe deadliest earthquakes Moharashira has . rat {ill date The earthquake (Richter scale 64) struck ot about 3,56 am on ember 30,1993. About 52 villages were desttoyed, over 30,000 wer injured STomeueely 10,000 pepole were killed. The eanhquake Feta ge hollow at Killa, which ws els the epicenter, The area of Latur was densely populated Soitmtetys nto Killed and injured was very high. Since the eathquake's focus was 12-kilometre-deep, the shock Waves caused more damage The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) monitoring cenler was sel up after the Latur earthquake,ergy ara) wat witrareet aired WERT q National Dinas! Ma Management Rumor ingle ed we? pigahcs AM EARTISQUAIE? ral" aie ned bal Sot ainenser eas th seetlog| Indion subcontinent receives maximum rainfall daring the south- west (SW) monsoon for a | period of about 100 days, starting from the first week of June to the end September. Flood denotes. inundation or accumulation | of water Le. it results froman imbalance between eae inflow ond outflow of water in a river. Floods can occur through heavy rains, dom foilures, rapid snow melts, river or even bursting of water pipelines. Floods result in domage. deaths ond injuries, and create problems in drinking water supply and food shortages. In India, 40 million hectares of land is vulnerable to floods and ebout 8-million-hectare is affected by floods. annually. Thus, India is highly prone to floods especially in the monsoon and cyclone seasons. ‘A major flood disaster in mumbai on 26* July 2005 paralysed the whole city. ‘There are three types of floods Le. flash floods, river floods, and coastal floods. 1. Flash floeds- are generally events in hhilly areas where sudden very heavy rain ‘over @ limited area can cause strong flow of water. Flash floods also occur when a temporary blockage in hilly areas impounds water, which when released suddenly creates havoc. 2. River Moods - occur due to heavy inflow of water from heavy roinfoll, snowmelt, and ‘short intense storms. Flooding in rivers is ‘so caused by inaden ocity within the banks of the river to contain high flows, River bank erosion and silting of riverbeds, Synchronizotion of flood in the main ond mibutary rivers, and flow retardation due to tidal ond backwater effects the intensity of the flood. ‘Coastol flouds- ere caused due to tsunami ‘or heavy rainfall from cyclones and the ‘storm surge ossociated with « cyclone. The Situation could be aggraveted duc to high tide. Tidal flooding is saline from the backflow of seo-water into coastal rivers ot high tides. Flood duc to storm surge is also saline and therefore, more destructive. Floods affect Maharashtra quite frequently. Floods are not just restricted to one particuler region, but are spread all over the stote. Mohoreshtra, therefore, exhibits high pronness to floods. Mast floods occur during monsoon and hence. the accompanying damage such as deaths due to lightning, landslides, house crashes and drowning have been commonly reported from most districts. Floods destroys houses. crops and food stocks. They strip form lands, wash away irrigation systems and erode large oreas of land or make them ‘unusable. Floods are more threatening for an ogricultural economy such es thet of Mohoroshira, especially because of the heavy damoge they couse, thereby disrupting the economy. Analyzing the floods in Maharashtra, ‘one observes that most floods in Mcharashtra ‘re flash floods due to nallah-overflows. ond poor drainage systems, Urban floods - Urban creas are densely populated and people living in vulnerable areas suffer duc to flooding, sometimes resulting in loss of life. It is not only the event of flooding but the secondaryeffect of exposure to infection also has its toll in ‘terms of human suffering, loss of livelihood and, loss of life, Major cities in India have witnessed loss of life and property, disruption in transport and Power and incidence of epidemics. Therefore, monagement of urban flooding has to be accorded top pricrity. Increasing trend of urbon flooding is a universal phenomenon and poses a great challenge to urban plonners the world over. Problems associated with urban floods Fonge from relatively localized incidents to major incidents, resulting in cities being inundated from hours to several days 5.5: July 26, 2008, Mumbai food (Source + htip:/www. wnocarth.org.in) * Do's and Dout's di 0g Moods = DO keep your emergency kit with you, safe and dry DO wateh out for your children at all times AND DO NOT allow them to swim or play in flood water + DO take core of elderly people * DO take particular care of people win, special aceds. * DO toke note of the health of your family and community members. * DO evacuate to higher ground where possible + DO listen to local announcements over Joud-speaker! public broadcast, radio or ‘TV where possible — ond carefully follow all advice and wamings * Donot forgettocarry the disasteremergency kit * Floods; Don'ts - * DO NOT wade through flood water © DO NOT cat food which has been in contact with Mood water + DO NOT drink water from wells; ONLY drink water which hes been boiled, or supplied in bottles * DO NOT use gas, clectricity or electrical ‘appliances which have come into contact with flood water = until they have been checked by safety officials. DO NOT walk near river bonks, sand bag | mounds or canal edge as these may | collapse. Stay away from sewage lines, gutters, drains ete. | Stay away from electric ports and fallen power lines to avoid electrocutions. ‘Watch out for broken electricpryow MUSE PEATE te evacuar ity OU showed: + Secure your home. If you have time nt in outdoor furniture, Move exseon’: Pti89 to 08 upper floor. “seential items + Disconnect electrical appliances, Do touch electrical equi _ ing in , pment if you are wet or . not to i pe Forget to carry the disasteremergency | Cyclones | __ Cyclones are violent rotating windstorms, | They are Tropical storms which occur in nearly | every major ocean across the world. Cyclones | occur in the Indian Ocean; the Bay of Bengal. The cyclones move around on area of low atmospheric pressure. Tropical cyclones are ‘by destructive winds and copious roinfall, which causes flooding, In such storms, | winds can exceed speeds of over 120 kmph. Due _ te such strong winds, sea-water accumulates | ahead of the cyclone as it maves towards the | coast. When @ cyclone hits the coast, the eccumulated enormous mas of sco- water | strikes the coast as a giont sca wave called | storm surge. Cyclones pose a major threat to life ond property. Cyclones have different | momenclatures, like hurricanes in America ond | typhoons in Japan. Mistory of Cyclones in Maharashtra In the Arabian sea, duting the period 1890- 1995, these were 207 depressions/cyclonic storms/severe cyclonic storms that have been recorded. Most of them have moved away from Mohorashtra. Thus, the coastal region of Maharashtra is climatologically on area where | frequency of cyclonic disturbonces is very low. ‘Gut of 207 disturbances, only 19 have affected Maharashtra - Goa coast. Of these six were | Major ones cousing 70 deaths, with 150 boots and 160 crew missing and extensive damage to twees ond ships, The wind and cyclone hazard map for Maharashtra has also been produced | indicating the risk zones occording 10 possible " . ‘Mumbai which is the economic copital of "India, is also a coastal city which has foced || many threats of cyclones in recent times, [thas faced peripheral impact in 1982, 1988 ond 1996, ‘ond has been hit on two occasions (June, 1948 ‘end 1996). It indicates thot the city is prone to Syclones. Considering these problems, the Indian economy may have wo face a serious Problems if Mumbai is hit by a cyclone. It becomes. far more important to implement Preventive and preparedness measures, Refore the Cyclone seaxen- * Cheek the house; secure loose tiles, carry ‘out repair works for doors and windows Remove dead woods or dying trees close to ‘the house Keep some wooden boords ready so that lass windows can be boarded if needed Keep a hurricane lantem filled with kerosene, battery operated torches and enough dry cells Demolish condemned buildings Keep some dry non-perishable food always ready for emergency use Keep the disaster emergency kit with you reody! D) Tsunamis A tsunami is a series of waves with a long wavelength and period. Tsunamis are often incorrectly called tidal waves; they have no relation to the daily ovean tides. Tsunami (s00- NAliemee) is @ Japanese word meaning ‘harbour wave", the sea waves generated by Undersea eorthquakes. These waves may originate from undersea or coastal scismic activity, or volcanic eruption, Whatever may be the cause, seawater is displaced into a violent ‘and sudden mation ultimately breaking over Jand even at very long distances with great destructive power, ‘Tsunami events or those less thon 30 minutes from the source couse the majority of damage. The’ force of the water can destroy everything in its path. [tis normally the flooding effects of the tsunami thot causes mojor destruction to the human settlements, roads and infrastructure and damage to ports/airports thereby disrupting the normal functioning of the society. Withdrawal of the tsunami causes major damage. As the waves withdraw towards thethey sweep out the foundations of the buildings, the beaches get destroyed and the houses carried out to sea. Apart fromthe physical damage, there is a huge impact on the public health system, ths mainly occur becouse of drowning as water floods homes. Many people get washed away or crushed by the giant waves Gnd some are crushed by the debris. Iican be highly destructive to coastel areas as was witnessed during the catastrophic tsunami event in December 2004, On the 26th December 2004, tsunami considerably affected the coastal regions of southem peninsular India. Nearly 8,835 human lives were lost with 86 Persons reported missing. Extensive damage eded in terms of housing stock gj one well asbridges and roods. Structisre, ‘were damaged by direct pressure frOM (sung; waves, and scouring damage Was induced the receding waves. . Tsu Hos and Don'ts + You should first protect yourself. + Gather members of your houschold ong move quickly to higher ground away fro, the coast. «Avoid downed power lines and stay awe from damoged buildings and bridges from which heavy objects might fall, Donot forget to carry thedisaster emergency : A general view of the scene . after tsunami wave hit the n 200‘Gune-September) and erratic nature of monsoon {South West Monsoon), with long dry spells and ‘high temperature. This is mainly responsible for drought. Drought is declared by the respective State Governments considering —_ rainfall situation, crop growth ete, The Decean ploteau constitutes 50 percent of the drought-prone ‘oreos of the state, 12 percent of the population lives in drought-prone areas. Once in 5 years, deficient rainfall is reported. Severe drought conditions occur once every 8-9 years. The 1996 drought affected 7 districts and 266.75 lakh people. The 1997 drought affected 17 districts. Types of droughts: 1. Meteorological Drought = referring to lack of precipitation. 2. Agricultural drought - referring to lack of moisture in the soll where crops grow, Hydrological drought — referring to low levels of water in reservoirs. 4, Socio-economic drought — referring to ‘water shortages affecting people in society, which impacts availability of food grains, enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to fodder, etc, come, The disaster also caused o 6 - rough Do*s ont Don'ts- |. Monitoring of rainfall situation during South West, Monsoon period, on regular ‘basis. 2. Issue of advisories to farmers for taking up drought resistant crops & erops requiring less water, Py Judicious use of available water. 4. Ensure availability of ogricultural inputs. . Optimum utilization of funds availoble under various — schemes/programmes Variations of rainfall in monsoon leading implemented by Central and State Govts. to water shortage causes drought. In India, towards mitigating adverse effects of almost three-fourths of onnucl rainfall is drought. ed during South West Monsoon Period E) Drought- ee SS Se6, Do not waste water, especi drinking water, as it is precious. 7. Do not waste food, as it could be useful for those in need, $4 I Manmode Disasters Difference of Man made Disasters from Natural Disasters: In most cases of natural disasters, the hazord is directly attributable, however the moin couses of man-made disasters are complex and inter-related. Man-mode disasters could also result frem natural disasters as, for ‘example- earthquake may render large number ©f people homeless and without livelihood, which could lead to unforeseen consequences. To @ certain extent, natural disasters: may sometimes be considered as human induced disasters, Areas with severe deforestation, €rosion, over cultivation ond over grazing tend to be hardest hit by disasters, ‘Causes of Man-made Disasters Human induced disasters Occur duc yy many ond varied causes. They could arise fro, the indiscriminate industrialization, oye, population, increased consumerism, use pf ‘hazardous substances or processes OF simply accidents of various types. Negligence on the part of professionals as well as the public along with ignorance increases the possibility of man. mode disasters. Mon made disaster could also be couseq due to unintentional activity, poor maintenance, ‘ow quality work or human error, On the other hand, they could also result from willful, deliberate ond intentional activity, such gs sabotage, mischief, revenge, riots, mob fury of enemy attack. Sometimes, man-made disasters, especially those related to industrial and technological causes, are the results of system of process malfunctioning as in the ease of nuclear radiation, gas leak, explosion ond fire etc. 1) Biological Disasters Biological disasters.ore natural scenarios involving disease, disability or death on a Jorge scale among humans, animals and plants due to micro-organisms like bacteria, ‘or virus oF toxins. Biological disasters may be in the form of: = ‘© Epidemic affecting a disproportionately large number of individuals within @ Population, community, or region at the same time, examples being Cholera, Plague. * Pandemic is on epidemic that spreads across o lorge region, that is, a continent, or even worldwide of existing, emerging or reemerging diseases, exomple- Influenze HN, (Swine Flu), SSS Teegsomples + y Mosquito Borne Diseases Like M Dengue, Filoria, Chikungunya, ee Flu (HN) ene po's |, Follow “sun-down sleeves-down" approach. Wear clothes th eo sal Cover arms 2, Prevent water collections on ground ond other places to prevent malaria breeding, 3. Empty woter containers at least once a week. 4, Remove water from coolers from time to time. 5, Cover and seal any septic tanks, 6. Use Mosquito Nets Preferably Insecticide Treated Bed Nets (ITN) 7. Apply insect repellants while sleeping to keep away mosquitoes, Don'ts 1, Do not encourage children to wear shorts and half sleeved clothing, 2. Do not allow water to stagnate. 3. Donot allow discarded items to accumulate such as tires, tubes, empty seconut shells, household items and objects where woter may collect. 4, Do not bathe in village ponds and allow cottle to take bath in the same pond. B) Diarrhoeal Group OF Diseases Including ‘Cholera: Do's - 1, Hand Hygiene 2. Encourage drinking of water from a Safe source or water thot has been disinfected (chlorinated). Add bleaching powder in all community wells. at Fegular intervals. Drink boiled potable water in an emergency thot has been boiled for at least 15 minutes and consumed it on the same day. 4. Promote storage of water in narrow mouthed container. 5. Cook food thoroughly especially meat, poultry,eggs and scafood until itis steaming ond cat it while it is still hot. 6. Ensure cooked meat and poultry is safe and no part of the meat discoloured or foul smelling & kesp food items covered. 7. Increase fluid intake as soon as diarrhoea storts by drinking ORS solution or lemon juice. 8, Encourage banana eating, which provides potassium. 9. Continue feeding children when they arc sick and to continue breastfeeding if the child is being breast fed. 10. Refer the diarrhoea case to a health focility in case of the following: Child is irritable, restless or lethargic or unconscious: eating or drinking poorly; child has marked thirst; child has fever or blood in stool. ‘Don'ts ~ 1. Do not drink water from unsafe sources. 2. Donot cat uncooked food unless it is peeled or shelled. 3. Do not leave cooked food ot room temperature longer than 2 hours.4. Do not consume cut fruits from vendors. 5. Do not defecate in open area. 6, Do not give access to rats and houseflies in ‘your premises, €) Respirotory Group Of Diseases Like Tuhereulosi Influenza, Chickenpox, Meningitis; Dots & Don'ts: 1 Avoid close contact with people who are «, haying respiratory illness. Ploces for at least 24 hours after symptoms have resolved. 3. Sick persons at hame should keep distance from others. 4. Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette: - #8) Cover the nose/mouth with a handkerchie!! tissue poper when coughing or sneezing which should be disposed-off in dustbins; b) Perform hand hygiene (e.g., frequent hand washing with soap and water, alcohol- based hand rub, or antiseptic hand wash) ‘and thoroughly dried. $. Triple layer surgical Mask of standard and certified make should be wom by Suspected! probable/confirmed cases of influenza. 6. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, ‘manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, ‘and cat nutritious food. 7. Avoid smoking. 8. Persons who have difficulty in breathing or shartness of breath should seek immediate medical attention and report to the nearby ‘hospital. ‘ should be Up to dete Immunization states ° ‘as per Notional Universal Immunization, Programme. 2) Nuclear disasters. - ‘The growth in the application of nuclear science and technology in the ficlds of power generation, medicine, industry, agriculture, research and defence hos led to on inercase jn the risk of occurrence of Nuclear emergencies, Nuclear emergency can arise in. nuclear facility ot plont level leading to plan site o, offsite emergency depending wpon the extent of its impact on the surroundings. It can also take ploce while using radiation sources, either ot hospitals, industries and agriculture or research institutions due to misplacement or because of foulty handling, The other events that can ead to nuclear emergencies in the public domain include, accident of @ vehicle carrying radioactive moterial. The memories of the use of nuclear weapons dropped on Hiroshime and Nagasaki and the wide publicity given to the reactor accidents at Chernobyl in erstwhile USSR, have strongly influenced the public perception of any nucleer or radiological emergency. It may be noted that beticr infrostructure can be helpful during such incidences in terms of enhanced communication, wonsport and medical support. Nuclear emergencies can still arise duc to factors beyond the control of the operating agencies however, Proper emergency preparedness plans must be in place so that there is minimum avoidable loss Of life, livelihood, property and impact on the environment. SSS SSS) } - that was, h dropped on Hiroshima ond Nagasaki, Do You known? In 1986, on April 26, th worst muclear power plont squat’ occu al the Chemdby nace pow gration on the Sovict Union. Thirty-two ret Dem er cdsie enn re dey'of they compounded this irrespons writ series of misickes. They toe We ‘reector at a power level so low that the reoctions became unslable, and then removed too many of the reactor’s control rods in n attempt to power it up ogoin. yo feoctor’s output rose to more than megawatts increasing! ifficult to control At 1-23 aim. on Apt 26, the engineers continued with their ‘experiment and|shut down the turbine engine to see if it's inertial spinning would power the reacior's water pumps. In fact, it did not adequately power the water pumps, and without cooling water the power level in the reactor surged. Baipeone dd Corey ond ever 32 peopl at several - mmote suffered 1 tases vase that escaped into the SR atieeal eos by the atomic bobs was spread by the wind over Northem ‘and Eastern Europe, containing mitlions ‘of acres of forest and formiand. An estimaied 5,000 Soviet citizens | eventually died from cancer and other rodiction induced illness caused by their exposure to the Chenobyl radiation and. millions more hed their health adversely ‘affected. In 2000, the lost working reactors ot Chenoby! were shut down ‘and the plant was officialy closed. 3) Fire Fires con spread rapidally and have 0 very Serious effect on our lives, homes, and families. is very important that everyone in your family is aware of proper fire protecti Figure 5.1 : Incident {Source : hnttp:!/gongle.com) 1, Stay Calm, don’t panic and don't run. . Raise alarm and alert everyone in your premises, 3. Escape first and then call for help. 4, Use nearest available exit routes. While leaving the premises, close all doors & windows behind you if possible but must ensure that nobody is left behind and you aare safe, Use only escapes routes because they are built for the purpose. 7. Use staircase “Don't use 8. If you are trapped in your room, close the door and block any gaps which might let smoke or fumes through. Shout from the window to attract attention of rescue team ox well as others. 9, Donot forgetto carry the disasteremergency kit before you evacuate! Fire- Don'ts 1. Never stand up in a fire always craw! low under the smoke and try to keep your mouth covered.2. Never go bock into a buming building for ‘any reason, 3. Teach children not to hide from fireman, if somecone is missing, tell the fireman. They ‘are equipped to perform rescues safely. |. Don’t secure open fire and smoke check doors as they limit the spread of fire and smoke when in closed position. How to use fire extinguisher- Don't be tempted 10 clutter the stoig and lobbies a5 they Oe you, routes. Never use lifts in case of fire. Always use stairease. Do not siop to collect belongings. Don’t shout or run. This tends to couse panic to others Discouroge use of fire crackers. ‘The PASS Method for Using a Fire Extinguisher- 1. PASS Step 1: PULL the pin. Many fire extinguishers have a pin near the handle at the top. 2.PASS Step 2: AIM the nozzle, horse, or hose. ... 3. PASS Step 3: SQUEEZE the hondle. .. 4. PASS Step 4: SWEEP from side to side at the base Figure 5.9: Know the fire extinguisher nttp://dgfsedhg.gov.in/mass-awarenwss-in-english)caths due " Moharashtra's © recently witnessed five dead with the Latest one Mumbai’s Fort area, have resulted in deaths of | people. The incidents have Kamole Mills compound (Dec Mamoon Manzi! building Ganuary 4, 2018), Sessi onsen s 2018), Cinevista studi jumbai (January 6, 2018), shop in Saul als fareat ese 4) Industrial disasters ~ In highly industrialized can caused serious impacts on citizen, Industrial development has led to concentration and localization of industries in certain areas where ‘ottempts ot regulating them are essential, These require strong legal framework with adequate institutional prevention and implementation, management. Industrial disasters are caused due to malfunctions, failures or unanticipated side effects of technological processes. This usually oceurs in the form af explosions, fires, spills, leaks or wastes. All technological innovations have benefits but also carry risks. A technological disaster is a manmade disaster because of failure of proper management. A Da you know? An example of ‘hazardous material disaster is Bhopal Gos Trogedy that ‘occurred in December 1984. Approximately 2500 people died in this tragedy and thousands of people were directly or indirectly affected by this accident. This is witnessed as the world’s ‘worst chemical (industrial) disaster Bhopal Gas Tragedy” im the year 1984, Iwas most devastating chemical accident ‘history, where over thousands of people ‘duc to accidental release of toxic gos “Methyl Isocyanate (MIC), Such accidents ‘re significant in terms of injuries, pain, ‘suffering, loss of lives, damage to property and environment. India continued to witness @ series of chemical accidents ‘even after Bhopal had demonstrated the vulnerability of the country. ‘Another threat really being faced by disaster management is the threat from ctomic and puclear sources, and this threat is really in the form of radiation. Problems like nuclear leaks are likely because of development programmes in this field, The possibility of global war may have receded over recent years but the possibility of nuclear weapons being used in some lesser form of conflict cannat be disregarded aliogether. Even though a country is not directly invalved in use of such nuclear activities or terrorism, it could well suffer severely from the radioactive side effects. . a $5. Effcets of disasters- Tt is common knowledge that natural disasters have catastrophic effects on the place cond people. The adverse impacts are much more in the developing countries with a large population and high vulnerabitity in terms of weok infrastructure and poor support systems. Disasters not only do enormous damage, couse deaths, destroy food sources, spread disease and ee SS SSS Soeepidemics They creote unemployment and they tasetile the entire rhythm of life of the affected community for a long time. It requires enormous Physivel, financial ond motivational resources % bring the impoverished end demoralized communtiy back to normal. As most of the nonael disasters occur suddenly or with short notice, direct effects include damoge to houses. squipments, crops, infrastructure (bridges and moods) ond loss of life. Malnutrition, the indirect effects, Economic impost can be seen in the form of emergency relief costs. Des 7 ‘Aso pon of overall preparedness of the Stote. the GoM (Govemment of |. Moborashtrs) bas o State Disaster Monogement Plea 1 support ond srengthen the efforts of district odminisrotion The Centre for Disaster Management (CDM) of the GoM wes set | up i August 1996 with support from the | Nomiral Disaster Management Division, Gowt of India. Its infrastructure consists of Documentation Centre and a stand-by Contrel Room (with 30 sccomds comnectivity for Video Conferencing. VSAT, Email ond Fax Communication Disasters disrupt social life and econom: octivities. The damoge and rebobilitation wor, ser thedonsn pees aaron nat 1 Becouse of the circumstances in Sree of disasters. the human and Financia resources cormarked for development have tp be shified to relief and rehabilitation at leas, panly if not fully. The Di ict _ To support end strengthen the efforts of district odministrotion, every district has its own, District Disaster Manogement Flan (DDMP) that oddresses the districts” response to the disasters. ‘The objectives of DDMP are 1. To improve preparedness at the district level. through risk and vulnerability enalysis of disasters and to minimize their impoct in terms of human. physical ond material loss. " To ascenain the stotus of existing resources nd facilities available with the various ‘agencies involved in the district and make it on exercise in capacity building of district odministration. 3. To utilize different aspects of the disaster for development planning as @ tool for location and area specific planning for development of district. Aso par of this plan the control rooms are ‘sstablished ot the Collectorcte and ct each Tehsil office in the district, which should be kept functioning 24 hours a day. The phone numbers ‘we informed to all departments The Superintendent of Police office end public ‘hospitals are directed to develop preparations in case of emerpency situations and contact is maintained with the police control room. The District Control room bas facilities of wireless communicetion, hot line, fax, e-mail end videoQ.3. Answer the following questions in brief. 1) What is an earthquake? Why is it called as seismic activity? ~ 2) What do you mean by manmade disaster? ~ Enlist some causes of manmade disasters, 3) Explain the ‘PASS’ method for using a fire extinguisher. 4) Write a short note on effects of disasters, ~ ~5) What precautions should we take in case of a diarrhoeal disaster? oO Enlist some precautionary measures before the cyclones.