Philosophies of Education Which philosophies are Which philosophies are

expressed in the DepEd expressed in the K to 12

Vision, Mission Statements, Curriculum Framework and
Core Values, Mandate? Give Guide Sec 5 of RA 10533?
proof. Give proof.
1. Essentialism-teach mastery Essentialism-The core values Essentialism-List of standards
of the basics, the curriculum of maka- Diyos, maka-tao. competencies leamers. and
is prescribed; subject matter- maka-kalikasan and maka that are expected to attain is
centered there are universal, bansa show that DepEd is the subject matter that
objective values, inculcate essentialist. DepEd believes students are expected to learn.
values in subject matter unchanging in values that -Essentialist
need to be inculcated.

2. Perennialism-teach those DepEd believes that a Students should learn in a

that last, the classics; there positive learning environment way that's relevant to their
are universal values; inculcate can help students become lives and consistently taught
these universal, objective good citizens. throughout their
values education.This helps them
develop positive values and
succeed later in life.

3. Progressivism - very child DepEd's focus on student- The curriculum should be

centered; teach those that centered learning and designed to meet students'
interest the child; one learns by continuous improvement needs, be inclusive, and be
experience; learners learn by aligns with progressive appropriate for their age
doing so teacher ‘s teaching is educational principles. DepEd level. This reflects the
experiential; values are believes that students learn progressive approach of
subjective; no inculcation of best by actively engaging focusing on experiential
values since they are subjective; with the material and learning and adapting to
instead teachers help students exploring topics that interest change.
clarify their values them.

4. Reconstructionism - school is DepEd's commitment to The curriculum should focus

agent of change; schooling is creating a supportive learning on real-world problems and
preparing students for the environment and involving student discussions to address
social changes; teaching is students in discussions of moral social issues. This aligns with
involving the students in dilemmas aligns with reconstructionist principles.
discussions of moral dilemmas reconstructionist principles.
Reconstructionism emphasizes
the role of education in
addressing social issues and
preparing students to be active
citizens.

5. Existentialism - Teachers DepEd's emphasis on teacher Existentialism suggests that

teach learners to make a choice, facilitation and individual students should have the
to make decisions and not
merely to follow the crowd; one nurturing aligns with freedom to choose their own
who does not make a choice existentialist principles. subjects in grades 11 and 12
and so simply follow others do Existentialism values based on their interests and
not leave meaningful life individual freedom, choice, abilities.
and the development of
personal potential.

6. Pragmatism - That which is DepEd's focus on preparing The curriculum should focus
useful, that which is practical students for meaningful on practical knowledge and
and that which works is what is contributions to society aligns consistent learning to help
good; that which is efficient and with pragmatic principles. students develop positive
effective is that which is good. Pragmatism emphasizes the qualities and become better
6.g. showing a video clip on practical application of people. This aligns with
mitosis is more efficient and knowledge and its relevance pragmatic principles.
more effective and therefore to real-life situations.
more practical than teacher
coming up with a visual aid by
drawing mitosis on a cartolina
or illustration board
7. Rationalism - emphasizes the DepEd's core values reflect a The curriculum should be
development of the learners’ rational approach to practical, adaptable, and
reasoning powers; knowledge education, emphasizing research-based to align with
comes though reason; teacher reason and logic. rationalist principles.
must develop the reasoning
power of the learner
8. Utilitarianism - what is good DepEd's desire for Filipinos The curriculum should be
is that which is most useful to love their country reflects a culturally respectful and
(that which brings happiness) to utilitarian approach, adaptable to different needs,
the greatest number of peoples; emphasizing actions that reflecting utilitarian
promote happiness and well- principles of maximizing
being. benefit for the greatest
number of people.

9. Empiricism - source of DepEd's focus on teacher The curriculum should

knowledge is through the facilitation and individual prioritize experiential
senses; teacher must involve nurturing aligns with learning, inquiry,
the senses in teaching-learning empirical principles. collaboration, and connecting
Empiricism emphasizes ideas to align with empirical
learning through experience principles.
and observation, rejecting the
idea of innate knowledge.

10. Behaviorism - behavior is DepEd's focus on creating a The curriculum should be

shape deliberately by forces in positive and supportive student-centered, inclusive,
the environment and that the learning environment aligns and age-appropriate, with a
type of person and actions with behaviorist principles. focus on positive
desired can be the product of Behaviorism emphasizes the reinforcement to encourage
design; behavior is determined use of rewards to reinforce good behavior. This aligns
by others, rather than by desired behaviors. with behaviorist principles.
person’s own free will; teacher
must carefully shape desirable
behavior; drills are commonly
used to enhance learning.
rewards reinforce learning.
11. Constructivism —Learners DepEd's emphasis on teacher Constructivism emphasizes
are capable of constructing facilitation and individual the importance of peer
knowledge and meaning; nurturing aligns with collaboration and sharing
teaching 4earning therefore is constructivist principles. knowledge to facilitate
constructing knowledge and Constructivism emphasizes learning.
meaning; teacher does not just that students actively build
“tell” or dictate but asks their own knowledge rather
learners for knowledge they than passively receiving it.
construct and meaning of
lesson.
12. Other Philosophies