ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 1, August 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
Design and Fabrication of Paper Recycling Unit
Dr. Dipti A. Tamboli1, Shubham T. Doshi2, Saurabh D. Mule3,
Kiran E. Lamkane4, Shantanu R. Patil5
Head of Department, Department of Electrical Engineering1
Student, Department of Electrical Engineering2,3,4,5
SVERI’s College of Engineering, Gopalpur, Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India
Abstract: In bigger institutes, offices like schools, colleges, and industries a large number of used papers
can be generated. And throwing it in the trash does not make good sense, so instead of throwing it in the
trash, we can recycle it. So, designing & fabricating manually operated small- scaled paper recycling plant
which can be used in schools & colleges, makes a cheap & simple method of production of the new paper.
According to it, 3-D modelling design of the machines can be developed using CATIA with all the required
specifications & fabricated accordingly. Instead of using new material for fabrication, scrap material can be
used which reduces the cost of a plant. This makes plant best from waste. Hence, both fabrication of plant &
production of new paper ensures its contribution towards the protection of the environment.
Keywords: Waste, Recycling
I. INTRODUCTION
For the production of paper, the raw material required is mainly wood. For producing 1 ton of paper near about 24 trees
to be cut down. According to the survey by Global Forest Resource Assessment roughly 80,000 to 160,000 trees are cut
down each day around the world with a significant percentage to be used by the paper industry. Also, at the same time, it
requires 2,50,035 litres of water, 46 kg of sulphur, 159 kg of lime, 131 kg of clay, 1.2 tons of coal, 112- kilowatt-hours of
power, 9 kg of dye and pigments, and 49 kg of starch, as well as other ingredients [1].
The primary raw material for paper production is the pulp fibers obtained by complicated chemical processes from
natural materials, mainly from wood. The first step in a typical paper manufacturing process is to produce pulp from the
wood chips. There are two methods for making wood pulp as, chemical pulping or mechanical pulping. Mechanical
pulping is a process in which fibers are separated without the addition of any chemicals. The second way of making
pulp is chemical pulping which consists of breaking down the chemical structure of lignin into a liquid using different
chemicals, including sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide. Cooking liquor is a by-product of the process, which is
washed from cellulose fibers to produce pulp. Chemical pulping is used to produce higher quality paper with more
expensive production costs than mechanical pulping [2].
II. IMPORTANCE OF PAPER RECYCLING
The paper manufacturing industry faces a major problem of the unavailability of raw materials. The primary raw material
wood is of great environmental concern. The problems that exist are,
1. Paper mills do not have all the processes of paper recycling incorporated in one.
2. Paper mills require a large floor area.
3. Separate process plant leads to delay in delivery of raw material for next stage due to transportation.
4. Due to large the floor area paper mills are located at the outskirts of the city away from the waste generation
zone. So, transportation costs are high.
So, to overcome all the above problems recycling is the best solution. According to the discussion on collection
and recycling in India:
1. 1 ton of recycled paper saves about 17 trees, 2.5 barrels of oil, 4100 kW-hr of electrical energy, and 4 m3 of
landfill [3].
2. And 1 ton of waste paper recycling results in saving 70% of raw material, 60% of coal, 43% of energy, and 70%
water [3].
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-5892 17
www.ijarsct.co.in
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 1, August 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
III. RECYCLING PROCESS
Paper recycling is the process of forming new paper products from used/waste papers.
It has several important benefits like it saves waste paper from occupying the homes of people and producing methane
as it breaks down. The paper recycling process undergoes several steps as,
Figure: Paper Recycling Process
1. Segregation of Paper: Segregation means separation. It is the first step involved in the recycling of paper. In
recycling, waste papers are segregated into various grades as they are subjected to different recycling
processes. After the segregation, the paper can be shredded using a paper shredder machine.
2. Soaking in Water: It is the second step, in which shredded paper can be soaked in water for 5hrs, so the paper
gets wet & this soaked paper gives easiness for transforming it into the pulp.
3. Transformation of wet paper into pulp: It is an important step in the recycling of paper, where the soaked
paper gets transformed into pulp. The process involves the pulping machine called ‘Hydra Pulper’. In this step,
paper and water are mixed with equal proportion to make a pulp.
4. Finished paper pulp outlet: After the pulp is made some chemicals are to be added to the pulp for deinking
purposes (whitening) & binding the pulp particles. Mainly Bleaching powder, alum is used for deinking of
pulp. Deinking means the removal of ink from the pulp. So, the output made from this is the white pulp.
5. Formation of pulp into the size of paper: The white pulp so formed is then put in a ‘Uni-Vat’, which consist
of one wooden box with a net at bottom of the box & it is dipped in water. The pulp is then poured into the
wooden box & by spreading it equally a wet sheet of paper is formed. The wet sheet is then taken out of the
box & put on a cotton cloth.
6. Removing excess water from wet sheet: This step uses a pressing unit for removing excess water from the
sheet. Some 12- 15 wet sheets with cotton clothes are placed between two wooden boards and pressure can be
applied on them to remove the excess water from the wet sheet.
7. Sun drying the wet sheet: After removing the excess water from the wet sheet, the sheets are exposed to
sunlight for drying purposes.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-5892 18
www.ijarsct.co.in
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 1, August 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
8. Cold polishing of dried paper: The dried paper so formed is rough & have un-uniformity in thickness, so to
make it smooth & uniform we have to calendar/polish it. For this, it uses a calendaring machine which has 2
rollers & between them sheets are passed.
9. Cutting of paper into different sizes: This is the second last step in the paper recycling process where, the
calendared paper can be cut into desired size and shape, according to our requirements.
10. Finished paper products: It is the last step where we get various finished paper products like papers, paper
bags, card sheets, etc.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND RESULT
4.1 Experimental Data
The output from the recycling plant is white cardboard paper having GSM vary from 190 to 500 on the basis of
application. So, by referring the standard GSM values are compared with our output cardboard.
Table 1: Samples using Alum Powder
Table 2: Samples using Bleaching Powder
V. RESULT
From the above experimental data, it can be seen that by using the alum powder as deinking agent the whiteness of the
recycled paper cannot be achieved. Instead of using alum powder, bleaching powder can be used as deinking agent. BY
using bleaching powder, the whiteness of recycled paper can be improved. The resultant recycled paper samples are
shown below
Figure: Resultant Samples using Alum Powder
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-5892 19
www.ijarsct.co.in
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
Volume 2, Issue 1, August 2022
Impact Factor: 6.252
Figure: Resultant Samples using Bleaching Powder
GSM- For white cardboard standard GSM values are 190, 210, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 etc. [4]
Alum Powder Sample: For the 1st sample & 2nd sample, we got 56% & 100% accuracy respectively.
Bleaching Powder Sample: Here we have taken 4 samples and got GSM values like 705, 549, 400, 392
respectively; which are close to the standard GSM values.
The GSM values which we got are not standard because of the prototype model.
Whiteness- After taking 6 trials, we came to know that more whiteness can be achieved by using bleaching powder
compared to alum powder of recycled paper.
VI. CONCLUSION
From study and survey, we can get the knowledge that larger institutions are generating hundreds and thousands
of tons of waste paper every year.
The big problem of disposal of used papers is resolved by saving the environment.
The simplicity of operation of this machine ensures that less technical skilled laborers are needed to operate
the recycling unit.
The development of a semi-automatic paper recycling machine is much cheaper as compared to machines
in the recycling industries.
This machine can be used in schools, colleges, or institutes to solve the problem of used paper which institutions
are facing right now.
REFERENCES
[1]. Thakur, A., Khatoi, S. S., Singh, D., Manore, S., & Siddiqui, F. (2017). Design and fabrication of compact
paper recycling machine. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 8(3), 70-75.
[2]. Website: https://kellygreenclub.com/how-much-wood-is-used-to-make-paper
[3]. Aperebo, E. M., Onilude, M. A., & Komolafe, O. O. (2016). Design of waste paper recycling machines. Journal
of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 69-73.
[4]. Website: https://www.myboxprinting.co.uk/blog/what-is-gsm-in-cardboard-boxes-and-how-it- effects-the-
strength-of-a-box/
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-5892 20
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