INTRODUCTION

TO
GLOBALIZATION
 OBJECTIVES
1 Write the definition of Globalization
2 Differentiate the competing conceptions
of globalization
3 Identify the underlying philosophies and
theories of globalization
 WHAT IS
GLOBALIZATION?
There is no definite meaning for
globalization but generally speaking

-It is a connection of people

worldwide regarding political, social,
and economic aspects.
COMMUNICATION RELATIONSHIP
different states tends
because people around
to have political and
the world tends to economic relationship
communicate to each to gain investments
other in order to and other
promote opportunities. opportunities and also
to promote peace.

INTEGRATION DETERRITORIALIZATION
because other states states now are
globally tends to help boundary less
each other to uplift
the way of living of
other states
RELIGIOUS GROUP ENTERTAINMENT
It is an opportunity It gives variety of
to spread faith. shows.

APPAREL JUSTICE
WORKERS ADVOCATES
It is a job opportunity Global game favor the
to escape rural rich country but not
poverty. the poor country.
Arjun Apparudai
“Globalization is a “world of things”
that have different speeds, axes,
points of origin and termination, and
varied relationships to institutional
structures in different regions,
nations, or societies”
Cesare Poppi

“Globalization is debate and debate is globalization.

It is a reality. It is changing as human society
develops and it is a continuous events.
Overall globalization is a concept that is not easy
to define because globalization has a shifting
nature”
 METAPHORS
OF
GLOBALIZATION
 SOLIDITY
refers to barriers that prevent or make difficult the
movement of things. Solid can be natural and man made.

Landforms (natural)

Bodies of
Great wall of
water(natural)
China(manmade)
 LIQUIDITY
refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things
and information, and places in the contemporary world.
Zygmunt Bauman’s idea (sociologist and philosopher)
– First, liquid phenomena change quickly and its
aspects, spatial and temporal, are in continuous
fluctuation. This means that space and time are
crucial elements of globalization.
e.g. In global finance, changes in stock market are a
matter of seconds.

Another characteristics of liquid phenomena is that their movement is difficult to stop.

e.g. videos in YouTube or other social media are hard to halt once they become viral.
 FLOWS
movements of the people, things, places, and information
brought by the growing “POROSITY” of global limitations.

e.g. food from one state are being introduced to

other state such as hamburger, sushi, ramen,
samgyupsal, French fries and many other cusine.

Another example are Global Financial Crises. For example American Financial Crisis affects the Europe in 2008.
Another is the virtual flow of legal and illegal information such as vlogs, child pornography, respectively and
immigrants recreating ethnic enclaves in host countries
 THEORIES
OF
GLOBALIZATION
 HOMOGENEITY
refers to the increasing sameness in
the world as cultural inputs, economic
Christianity was brought to us by the Spaniards.
factors, and political orientations of
societies expand to create common
practices, same economies, and similar
government form.
Philippine Americanization
 HETEROGENEITY
This pertains to the creation of
various cultural practices, new
cultural imperialism economies, and political groups because
of interaction of elements from
different societies in the world.
This is contrary to the theory of
“cultural imperialism” and they
associated heterogeneity with
“cultural hybridization”
cultural hybridization
WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY
A perspective that globalization is essentially the
expansion of capitalist system around the world.

SEMI-
CORE PERIPHERY
PERIPHERY

UNDER DEVELOPED
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES COUNTRIES
HIGH INCOME, CAPITALIST MIDDLE INCOME LOW INCOME
CAN BE BOTH CORE AND EXPORTS LABOR AND NATURAL
EXPLOITS POOR COUNTRIES RESOURCES
PERIPHERY
 WORLD POLITY THEORY
State remains an important component of
world society, but primary attention goes
to global cultural and organization in which
states are embedded.
WORLD CULTURE THEORY
Agrees that world culture is new and
important but it is less homogenous.
Base on Meyers & Ramirez
Countries want to be “modern” nations
-similar development goals, projects, and
commitment.
-western civilization as the main
reference of the world models
 ORIGINS AND
HISTORY
OF
GLOBALIZATION
HARDWIRED “Globalization starts from our ancestors in
Africa who walk out from the said continent
in the late Ice Age.
Commerce, religion, politics, and warfare
are the “urges" of people toward a better
life and these are connected to four
aspects of globalization the trade,

CYCLES
missionary work, adventures and conquest”
-NAYAN CHANDA

Globalization is a long-term cyclical process and thus,

finding its origin will be a daunting task. Globalization can
soon disappear and reappear.
 EPOCH(NOTABLE EVENTS)
GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION EUROPEAN COLONIAL INTRA- EUROPEAN WARS
CONQUESTS

HEYDAY OF EUROPEAN POST WORLD WAR II PERIOD POST- COLD WAR PERIOD
IMPERIALISM
 EVENTS special events are also considered as part of the origin of globalization.

ROMAN CONQUEST CENTURIES RAMPAGE OF GENGHIS KHAN VOYAGES OF CHRISTOPHER

BEFORE CHRIST INTO EASTERN EUROPE COLUMBUS DISCOVERY OF AMERICA

FERDINAND MAGELLAN COMPLETED THE FIRST TELEVISION

CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE GLOBE BROADCASTS THE 9/11 ATTACK.
 BROADER, MORE RECENT
CHANGES
There are 3 notable changes in the origin of globalization
that we know today.
1.The emergence of the United States as the global power
2.The emergence of Multinational Corporations (Microsoft,
nestle, hp etc.)
3.The demise of Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
THANK
YOU!