近义词

《机考SAT真题词汇——2024版》
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nonetheless adv. 尽管如此

英文释义：despite this fact
例 句：The 1967 release of Harold Cruse's book The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual isolated him
from almost all other scholars and activists of the American Civil Rights Movement—though
many of those thinkers disagreed with each other, he nonetheless found ways to disagree
with them all.

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notwithstanding prep. 虽然；尽管
英文释义：without being affected by sth; despite sth
例 句：The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is projected to maintain operation until at least 2030, but
it has already revolutionized high-resolution imaging of solar-system bodies in visible and
ultraviolet (UV) light wavelengths, notwithstanding that only about 6% of the bodies imaged
by the HST are within the solar system.

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diversity n. 多样性；多样化
英文释义：the quality or fact of including a range of many people or things
例 句：Ecologist Michael Behrenfeld and colleagues have connected phytoplankton's diversity to
their microscopic size.

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assortment n. 各种各样
英文释义：a collection of different things or of different types of the same thing
例 句：Many of his signature dresses feature bold assortments of buttons throughout the garment.

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numerous adj. 许多的
英文释义：existing in large numbers
例 句：On its banks at this point grow numerous palms, luxuriant magnolias and bay trees.

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heterogeneous adj.由很多种类组成的
英文释义：consisting of many different kinds of people or things
例 句：Rasmus Heltberg's study of fuel use in Nicaragua shows how reductive this model is,
however: household fuel use was heterogeneous, flexible, and influenced by several factors,

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 including local electrical and plumbing infrastructure.

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multifaceted adj. 多方面的
英文释义：having many different aspects to be considered
例 句：Some critics suggest that the album questions the function of sound in the world, highlighting
that the experience of sound is multifaceted.

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momentous adj.重要的
英文释义：very important or serious, especially because there may be important results
例 句：The prime minister called the eve of the Games "a truly momentous day for our country".

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consequential adj. 重要的；将产生重大结果的
英文释义：important; that will have important results
例 句：Researchers' decisions on such matters therefore can be highly consequential.

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imperative adj.重要紧急的
英文释义：(formal) very important and needing immediate attention or action;
例 句：It is absolutely imperative that we finish by next week.

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discount v.认为…不重要
英文释义：to think or say that sth is not important or not true
例 句：The literary works of Alberto Wiggins and Ellen A. Garnier have traditionally been regarded
as distinct styles. In the future, however, scholars will discount the nuances between these
two writers, comparing them as writers of the same school of stylistic expression.

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inconsequential adj.不重要的
英文释义：not important or worth considering
例 句：Do you find that taking care of seemingly inconsequential tasks makes you feel happier and
calmer?

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antecedent adj.先前的
英文释义：preceding in time or order
例 句：It was permissible to take account of antecedent legislation.

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precede v. 在…之前发生（或出现）
英文释义：to happen before sth or come before sth/sb in order

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例 句：His resignation was preceded by weeks of speculation.

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meticulous adj. 小心翼翼的
英文释义：paying careful attention to every detail
例 句：Scrapbooks of saved fabric pieces were commonly kept by women in the nineteenth-century
United States, but few are as meticulously detailed as Hannah Ditzler Alspaugh's work.

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cautious adj. 小心的
英文释义：being careful about what you say or do, especially to avoid danger or mistakes
例 句：Scholars should be cautious when ascribing political or ideological values to the painting

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conflagration n.大火灾
英文释义：a very large fire that destroys a lot of land or buildings
例 句：The region's conflagration was made worse by the tinder of speculative capital that preceded
the explosion.

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catastrophic adj.灾难性的
英文释义：Something that is catastrophic involves or causes a sudden terrible disaster.
例 句：Tuchman's analysis of primary documents is laudable, but her main thesis that European
powers committed themselves to a catastrophic outcome by refusing to deviate from military
plans developed prior to the conflict is implausibly reductive.

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advent n. 出现，到来
英文释义：the coming of an important event, person, invention, etc.
例 句：As a result of Appia's inexperience, Bremner argues, Appia's theory of light called for lighting
practices that weren't possible until after the advent of electricity around 1881.

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emergence n. 出现，显现
英文释义：when something begins to be known or noticed
例 句：They believe that the discovery pushes the emergence of flowering plants, or angiosperms,
back to the Jurassic period, which occurred between 145 million and 201 million years ago.

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recurrent adj. 反复出现的
英文释义：that happens again and again
例 句：Poverty is a recurrent theme in her novels.

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rectify v.矫正
英文释义：to put right sth that is wrong
例 句：We must take steps to rectify the situation.

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redress v.纠正
英文释义：to correct sth that is unfair or wrong
例 句：Redressing the long-standing trend of overemphasizing teenagers and young adults in
research on social media use, scholars have recently begun to expand their focus to include
the fastest-growing cohort of social media users: senior citizens.

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denounce v.谴责
英文释义：to strongly criticize sb/sth that you think is wrong, illegal, etc.
例 句：She publicly denounced the government's handling of the crisis.

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rebuke v. 指责
英文释义：to speak severely to sb because they have done sth wrong
例 句：The company was publicly rebuked for having neglected safety procedures.

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refute v. 驳斥
英文释义：to prove that sth is wrong
例 句：It refutes the first explanation entirely and propose a more plausible alternative.

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delineate v.（详细地）描述,解释
英文释义：to describe, draw or explain sth in detail
例 句：Our objectives need to be precisely delineated.

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elaborate v. 详尽阐述
英文释义：to explain or describe sth in a more detailed way
例 句：It elaborates on an aspect of the maple trees that the women evaluate.

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rationalize v.对...进行合理解释
英文释义：to find or try to find a logical reason to explain sth
例 句：He further rationalized his activity by convincing himself that he was actually promoting
peace.

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minuscule adj. 极小的
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英文释义：extremely small
例 句：When external forces are applied to common glass made from silicates, energy builds up
around minuscule defects in the material, resulting in fractures.

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paucity n. 少量
英文释义：a small amount of sth
例 句：New and interesting research conducted by Suleiman A. Al-Sweedan and Moath Alhaj is
inspired by their observation that though there have been many studies of the effect of high
altitude on blood chemistry, there is a paucity of studies of the effect on blood chemistry of
living in locations below sea level, such as the California towns of Salton City and Seeley.

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dwarf adj. 矮小的
英文释义：much smaller than the normal size
例 句：Studying wavelengths of light in the white dwarf atmospheres, the team reported that traces
of elements such as lithium and sodium support the presence of exoplanets with continental
crusts similar to Earth's.

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fraction n.小部分
英文释义：a small part or amount of sth
例 句：One such theory points to various primary sources that indicate an escalation in infighting
among rival factions in the society that coincided with increasing droughts.

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imperceptible adj. （小得）无法察觉的
英文释义：very small and therefore unable to be seen
例 句：In Jane Austen's novel Mansfield Park, an almost imperceptible smile from potential suitor
Henry Crawford causes the protagonist Fanny Price to blush: her embarrassment grows
when she suspects that he is aware of it.

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profusion n. 大量
英文释义：a very large quantity of sth
例 句：The house was overflowing with a profusion of strange ornaments.

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copious adj.大量的
英文释义：in large amounts
例 句：New and interesting research conducted by Suleiman A. Al-Sweedan and Moath Alhai is
inspired by their observation that though there have been copious studies of the effect of high
altitude on blood chemistry, there is a paucity of studies of the effect on blood chemistry of
living in locations below sea level, such as the California towns of Salton City and Seeley.

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enormity n. 巨大；广大
英文释义：the large size or scale of something
例 句：As one of the remarkable buildings that beautify Central Jakarta’s cityscape, the Istiqlal
Mosque inspires people with its enormity and contemporary design.

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enormous adj. 巨大的
英文释义：extremely large
例 句：Text corpora such as the British National Corpus are enormous collections of electronically
stored texts that can be used for empirical testing of hypotheses regarding the frequency of
typical word usage.

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immense adj. 巨大的
英文释义：extremely large or great
例 句：This freedom, coupled with the affordability of the vehicle, made the bicycle immensely
popular.

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massive adj. 巨大的
英文释义：extremely large or serious
例 句：The Al-Fattah Al-Aleem Mosque in the New Administrative Capital, Egypt, is a massive
mosque that can accommodate approximately 17,000 people at once.

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outsized adj. 超大型的；极大的
英文释义：exceptionally large
例 句：Harris's work has been attached with outsized importance while the works of Hanks, a
Mexican American author before the war, have been largely forgotten.

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posit v.假设
英文释义：to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for an argument or
discussion
例 句：Although no major election took place sufficiently near the study for Gil de Zúñiga and Diehl
to identify causality between NFM and voting behavior, they did posit that NFM may reduce
voting probability through an indirect effect.

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postulate v. 假定
英文释义：to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for a theory, etc.
例 句：They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container.

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hypothesize v. 假设；假定
英文释义：to suggest a way of explaining sth when you do not definitely know about it; to form a
hypothesis
例 句：A team of political scientists hypothesized that municipalities are much more likely to respond
to firms and offer incentives if expansions can be announced in time to benefit local elected
officials than if they can't.

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presume v. 假设
英文释义：to suppose that sth is true, although you do not have actual proof
例 句：In wild studies, researchers can more easily presume that the animals are behaving normally,
and in lab studies, researchers can more easily control factors that might affect the results.

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presuppose v. 假设
英文释义：to accept sth as true or existing and act on that basis, before it has been proved to be true
例 句：By broadly agreeing with the claim but objecting that the timelines it presupposes conflicts
with the findings of the genetic analysis conducted by Storey's team

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validate v. 证实
英文释义：to prove that sth is true
例 句：Historians were unable to validate the authenticity of the letters, however, and quickly
dismissed them as a hoax.

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substantiate v. 证明
英文释义：to provide information or evidence to prove that sth is true
例 句：By analyzing the data of the text in an encyclopedia, Thomas found that the word “own” was
ranked as the eighth most commonly used word in the encyclopedia, which substantiate
Thomas’s hypothesis.

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vindicate v. 证实
英文释义：to prove that sth is true or that you were right to do sth, especially when other people had a
different opinion
例 句：I have every confidence that this decision will be fully vindicated.

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ascertain v. 查明
英文释义：to find out the true or correct information about sth
例 句：While scholars believe many Mesoamerican cities influenced each other, direct evidence of
such influence is difficult to ascertain.
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unobtrusive adj. 不张扬的
英文释义：not attracting unnecessary attention
例 句：The service at the hotel is efficient and unobtrusive.

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unpretentious adj. 不招摇的
英文释义：not trying to appear more special, intelligent, important, etc. than you really are
例 句：She managed to impart great elegance to the unpretentious dress she was wearing.

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reverence n. 尊敬；崇敬
英文释义：(formal) a feeling of great respect or admiration for sb/sth
例 句：Psychologists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt have argued that experiencing awe—a
sensation of reverence and wonder typically brought on by perceiving something grand or
powerful—can enable us to feel more connected to others and thereby inspire us to act more
altruistically.

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revere v. 尊敬
英文释义：(formal) to feel great respect or admiration for sb/sth
例 句：Ludington is revered by Americans today, but there simply isn't a strong historical record of
her heroic ride.

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tribute n . (尤指对死者的）致敬
英文释义：an act, a statement or a gift that is intended to show your respect or admiration, especially for
a dead person
例 句：However, reviewers praised One Last Word as a beautiful and powerful tribute to the poets
who inspired it.

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venerate v.崇敬
英文释义：(formal) to have and show a lot of respect for sb/sth, especially sb/sth that is considered to be
holy or very important
例 句：These children are venerated as holy beings.

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awe n. 敬畏
英文释义：feelings of respect and slight fear
例 句：Psychologists Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt have argued that experiencing awe—a
sensation of reverence and wonder typically brought on by perceiving something grand or
powerful—can enable us to feel more connected to others and thereby inspire us to act more
altruistically.
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esteemed adj. 受人尊敬的
英文释义：respected and admired
例 句：The authors point to evidence that as far back as 50,000 years ago some hunter-gatherers
adjusted their social structures seasonally, at times dispersing in small groups but also
assembling into communities that included esteemed individuals.

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defy v. 违抗
英文释义：to refuse to obey or show respect for sb in authority, a law, a rule, etc.
例 句：As a young photographer in the 1950s, William Klein defied the conventions of photography
by creating images that were high contrast and included blurred and distorted
elements—features generally seen as flaws.

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repudiate v. 拒绝
英文释义：to refuse to accept sth
例 句：Seminole/Muscogee director Sterlin Harjo repudiates television’s tendency to situate Native
characters in the distant past.

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resist v. 抵制
英文释义：to refuse to accept sth and try to stop it from happening
例 句：To discuss research that investigated the ways in which Black female farmworkers in late
nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Texas used fashion practices to resist traditional
gender ideals

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contentious adj. 可能引起争论的
英文释义：likely to cause disagreement between people
例 句：Linguist Deborah fannen has cautioned against framing contentious issues in terms of two
highly competitive perspectives, such as pro versus con.

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controversial adj. 有争议的
英文释义：causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement
例 句：Although several scholars have dated Beowulf to the late ninth through early eleventh
centuries, others have argued that doing so privileges a controversial interpretation of the
social conditions of the period.

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dispute n. 争端
英文释义：discussion about a subject where there is disagreement
例 句：The original authorship of "Letter to the Spanish Americans" is disputed by contemporary
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 historians.

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infighting n.内讧
英文释义：arguments and disagreements between people in the same group who are competing for
power
例 句：The infighting eventually stopped.

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constellation n. 一群相关的人
英文释义：a group of related ideas
例 句：President Richard Nixon is most famous for his participation in the 1970s Watergate political
scandal, a convoluted tale of criminality and eroded ethics involving a constellation of
associates such as security operative Jack Caulfield and Attorney General John Mitchell.

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cohort n.一群人
英文释义：a group of people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour
例 句：Redressing the long-standing trend of overemphasizing teenagers and young adults in
research on social media use, scholars have recently begun to expand their focus to include
the fastest-growing cohort of social media users: senior citizens.

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hedious adj.十分丑陋的
英文释义：very ugly or unpleasant
例 句：Their new colour scheme is hideous!

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hideous adj.令人厌恶的
英文释义：very ugly or unpleasant
例 句：The whole experience had been like some hideous nightmare.

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grim adj. 令人不快的
英文释义：unpleasant and depressing
例 句：When one is shut up in a great French house with a grim sleepy tante and no companions of
one's own age, life becomes a dull thing, and one is ready for any new sensation.

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atrocious adj. 糟透的
英文释义：very bad or unpleasant
例 句：As a result, this lovely region is atrociously poor and its few scattered farms provide just the
requisite number of red roofs to set off the velvety green of the woods.

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hoax n. 骗局
英文释义：an act intended to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially sth unpleasant
例 句：Historians were unable to validate the authenticity of the letters, however, and quickly
dismissed them as a hoax

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fraudulent adj.欺骗的
英文释义：intended to cheat sb, usually in order to make money illegally
例 句：There is no evidence that the broker was in league with the fraudulent vendor.

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illusory adj. 虚假的
英文释义：not real, although seeming to be
例 句：First impressions can often prove illusory.

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spurious adj. 虚假的
英文释义：false, although seeming to be genuine
例 句：Wikipedia users are often plagued by misinformation and deliberately unleashed
disinformation. What they have in common is that they are both spurious statements of fact,
and the difference is that the former is usually published unintentionally, while the latter is
always released intentionally.

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corrupt v. 破坏
英文释义：to change the original form of sth, so that it is damaged or spoiled in some way
例 句：Although many transposons, DNA sequences that move within an organism's genome
through shuffling or duplication, have become corrupted and inactive over time, those from
the long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE) family appear to remain active in the genomes
of some species.

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erode v. 逐渐毁坏
英文释义：to gradually destroy sth or make it weaker over a period of time
例 句：President Richard Nixon is most famous for his participation in the 1970s Watergate political
scandal, a convoluted tale of criminality and eroded ethics involving a constellation of
associates such as security operative Jack Caulfield and Attorney General John Mitchell.

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spoil v. 破坏
英文释义：to change sth good into sth bad, unpleasant, useless, etc.
例 句：Caricature has sought again to spoil the quaint beauty of the music, and has filled the air with
many debased melodies which vulgar ears scarce know from the real.
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counteract v. 抵消
英文释义：to do sth to reduce or prevent the bad or harmful effects of sth
例 句：Elinor, this eldest daughter, whose advice was so effectual possessed a strength of
understanding, and coolness of judgment, which qualified her, though only nineteen, to be
the counsellor of her mother, and enabled her frequently to counteract to the advantage of
them all, that eagerness of mind in Mrs. Dashwood which must generally have led to
imprudence.

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counterbalance v. 抵消
英文释义：to have an equal but opposite effect to sth else
例 句：Parents' natural desire to protect their children should be counterbalanced by the child's need
for independence.

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alleviate v. 减轻
英文释义：to make sth less severe
例 句：The best among them, those who consecrate Nature with their sacred desire for the future,
will lose, in a sordid and painful annihilation, all stimulus to alleviate the ugliness of humanity.

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assuage v.缓和，减轻（不快）
英文释义：to make an unpleasant feeling less severe
例 句：To tackle these challenges, Lebanon has implemented a series of measures, which have
successfully assuaged the fears of investors.

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mitigate v. 减轻；缓和
英文释义：to make sth less harmful, serious, etc.
例 句：Commiserating each the other's woe,
To mitigate his own pain's fiery glow.

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curtailment n.缩减; 限制
英文释义：The curtailment of something is the act of reducing or limiting it.
例 句：The team categorized each action as either an efficiency or a curtailment and found that
respondents tended to name curtailments more often than they did efficiencies.

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deplete v.使大量减少
英文释义：to reduce sth by a large amount so that there is not enough left
例 句：He cites their adoption of pastoralism as a factor in the region drying out: the pastoralists’
livestock depleted vegetation, prompting the events that created the Sahara Desert.
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diminish v. 减少
英文释义：to become or to make sth become smaller, weaker, etc.
例 句：Polar bears sustain themselves primarily by hunting seals on the Arctic sea ice, but rising
ocean temperatures are causing the ice to diminish, raising concerns about polar bear
population declines as these large predators1 seal-hunting habitats continue to shrink.

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shrink v. （使）缩小，收缩，减少
英文释义：to become or to make sth smaller in size or amount
例 句：Polar bears sustain themselves primarily by hunting seals on the Arctic sea ice, but rising
ocean temperatures are causing the ice to diminish, raising concerns about polar bear
population declines as these large predators1 seal-hunting habitats continue to shrink.

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