Secularization of Parishes
• Father Jose Burgos and Father Mariano Gomez = fought for the Filipino secular clergy to become
parish priests of local parishes over the claims of the friars
• Father Jose Burgos = wrote to the newspapers in Spain for this cause
Cavite Mutiny of 1872
• Governor General Rafael Izquierdo y Gutierrez = assumed control over the archipelago in 1871
• January 20, 1872= Sergeant La Madrid and forty infantry soldiers of the navy seized the Fort of San
Felipe in Cavite
• The mutineers realized their defeat, they flew white flag over the walls of the fort.
• The Spanish commander ordered his soldiers to fire the rebels.
• Nobody among the group of soldiers that stepped out survived.
• Several civilians were arrested for allegedly supporting the mutiny.
Trial of the Mutineers and the Three Priests
• Manuel Boscaza= a commandant of the infantry, was appointed as a fical of the government
• Francisco Saldua= the principal witness during the trial
• Enrique Genato= testified that Father Burgos, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Rafael Labra, Antonio Rojas and
others gathered in a secret meeting
Marina Chua Kempo = testified that she heard the conspirators speak of a treacherous attack of
Spaniards and that Sergeant Lamadrid, the leader of the mutiny, would be governor or captain general.
• Fray Norvel = testified that he saw Father Burgos passing subversive pamphlets.
• Landlady of Father Burgos= testified as a sort of character witness and vouched that Father Burgos
was a peaceful man, devout to the virgin and hated gossip
*a big gathering, come without fail, the comrades will come well provided with bullets and gunpowder."
• Captain Fontivel = counsel of Fr. Burgos, moved for the dismissal of the case due to lack of evidence
February 15, 1872= the Council War read the sentence and asked the accused if they had anything to
say in their defenses.
Execution of Gom-Bur-Za
February 17, 1872= execution of the priests ( Father Jose Burgos, Father Jacinto Zamora, Father Mariano
Gomez)
Friarocracy
Religious orders were very influential and powerful during that period
• Functions in the government of Friars under Augustinian, Dominican and Franciscan Order.
1. educating the natives,
2. keeping census records,
3. collecting taxes,
4. supervising the selection of town officers and local police,
5. reporting the demeanor of the natives
6. responsible for maintaining public morals
Propaganda Movement
Propaganda Movement = a movement that demand for reforms in Spanish colonial government
Aims
(1) abolition of oppressive taxes and forced labor
(2) equal opportunities for the Filipinos to serve the government
(3) secularization of Filipino parishes
(4) representation in Spain's legislative body (Cortes) to be restored
La Solidaridad
La Solidaridad= meaning solidarity
= became the official newspaper of the Propaganda Movement
Graciano Lopez Jaena= The founder and fist editor of the newspaper
February 15, 1889= the fist issue came out
Pen names used in La Solidaridad
• Laon Laan (Rizal)
•Diego Laura (Lopez Jaena),
• Plaridel (Marcelo H Del Pilar),
• Taga llog (Antonio Luna),
• Jomapa (Jose Ma Panganiban),
• Naning, Kalipulako and Tigbalang (Mariano Ponce)
• La Solidaridad stopped its publication due to financial constraints
• November 15, 1895= the f hal issue of the newspaper
Failure of the Propaganda Movement
Factors affecting the failure of the movement
1. Lack of unity among the propagandists
2. Lack of funds
• The influence of the movement could not be discounted
• Even if readership was small, the writings of the propagandists mirrors reality, a feeling of empathy
developed wherever news of their work was heard.
