Guntur district - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

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Guntur district
Guntur district is one of the twenty six districts in the Coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The administrative seat of the district is located at Guntur, the
largest city of the district in terms of area and with a population of 670,073.[2] It has a coastline of approximately 100 km (62 mi) on the right bank of Krishna River, that separates it from Guntur district
Krishna district and NTR district. It is bounded on the south by Bapatla district and on the west by Palnadu district.[3] It has an area of 2,443 km2 (943 sq mi), with a population of District
20,91,075, as per 2011 census of India.[4][5]

The district is often referred to as the Land of Chillies.[6] It is also a major centre for agriculture, education and learning. It exports large quantities of chillies and tobacco.[7]

Etymology
The district derives its name from its district headquarters, Guntur.[8]

There are several opinions on the meaning and origin of the word Guntur. The word owes its origin to words like gundu (a rock), gunta (a pond) and kunta (1/3 of an acre). In Sanskrit
Guntur is called Garthapuri (Guntlapuri).

The earliest reference to Guntur, a variant of Guntur, comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922-929 AD) of the Chalukyas of Vengi. Guntur also appears in another two inscriptions
dated 1147 AD and 1158 AD.

History
Clockwise from top-left: Lakshmi Narasimha
The original Sanskrit name (ancient Vedic culture) for Guntur was Garthapuri. The 'Agasthyeswara Sivalayam' in the old city of Guntur is an ancient Temple in Mangalagiri, Annamayya Library,
Historical population Vaikuntapuram temple in Tenali, Chuttugunta
temple for Siva. It has inscriptions on two stones in 'Naga Lipi' (ancient script). It is said that Agastya built the temple in the last Treta Yuga around
Year Pop. ±% p.a. centre in Guntur, Flyover in Pedavadlapudi
the Swayambhu Linga and hence the name. The 'Nagas' were said to have ruled the region. The place of Sitanagaram and the Guthikonda Caves can be
1901 1,133,968 — traced (through Vedic Puranas) back to the traditional timescale Treta Yuga and Dvapara Yuga. Guntur District is home to the second oldest
1911 1,299,257 +1.37% evidence of human habitation in India, in the form of Palaeolithic (old Stone Age) implements. Ancient history can be traced from the time of Sala
1921 1,385,050 +0.64% kings who ruled during the 5th century BCE. The earliest reference to Guntur, a variant of Guntur, comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922–
1931 1,563,095 +1.22% 929 CE), the Vengi Chalukyan King. Guntur also appears in two inscriptions dated 1147 and 1158 CE.
1941 1,755,986 +1.17%
1951 1,975,395 +1.18% Since the beginning of Buddhist time, Guntur stood in the forefront in matters of culture, education and civilisation. Gautama Buddha preached at
1961 2,327,246 +1.65% Dharanikota/Dhanyakatakam near Guntur and conducted Kalachakra ceremony, which takes its antiquity to 500 BCE.[10] Taranatha, a Buddhist
1971 2,844,488 +2.03% monk writes: "On the full moon of the month Chaitra in the year following his enlightenment, at the great stupa of Dhanyakataka, the Buddha
1981 3,434,724 +1.90% emanated the mandala of "The Glorious Lunar Mansions" (Kalachakra).[11] Buddhists established universities in ancient times at Dhanyakataka and
1991 4,106,999 +1.80% Amaravathi. Scores of Buddhist stupas were excavated in the villages of Guntur district. Acharya Nagarjuna, an influential Buddhist philosopher
2001 4,465,144 +0.84% taught at Nagarjunakonda and is said to have discovered Mica in 200 BCE. Chinese traveller and Buddhist monk Hiuen Tsang (Xuanzang) visited Location of Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh
2011 4,887,813 +0.91% Amaravati in 640 C.E., stayed for sometime and studied 'Abhidhammapitakam'. He observed that there were many Viharas and some of them were
source:[9] deserted, which points out that Hinduism was gaining ground at that time. Xuanzang wrote a glorious account of the place, Viharas and monasteries
that existed.[12]

Guntur was successively ruled by famous dynasties such as the Satavahanas, Andhra Ikshvakus, Pallavas, Ananda Gotrikas, Vishnukundina, Kota
Vamsa, Chalukyas, Cholas, Kakatiyas, Musunuris, Reddys, Vijayanagara and Qutb Shahis during ancient and medieval times. The famous battle of
Palnadu which is enshrined in legend and literature as Palnati Yuddham was fought in Guntur district in 1180 CE.

Qutb Shahis, Nizams and later Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap

During the 16th century Guntur became part of the Mughal empire. In 1579 Khasa Rayarao, a Deshastha Brahmin who was the Commander-in-Chief of Coordinates (Guntur): 16°18′N 80°27′E
Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah captured Kondaveedu Fort. After that, Khasa Rayarao was made the Governor of the Kondaveedu Sima (present Guntur Country India
Brahmi Script inscribed on a Railing
Pillar at Velpuru district) by changing its name to Murtazanagar Sircar and kept the financial administration of this region in his hands. Khasa Rayarao appointed many State Andhra Pradesh
Deshastha Brahmins, Kammas and some Golconda Vyaparis as Deshmukhs and Chowdarys.[13][14] In 1687 CE when the emperor Aurangzeb Region Coastal Andhra
conquered the Qutb Shahi sultanate of Golconda, of which Guntur was then a part. In 1724 CE, Asaf Jah, viceroy of the empire's southern provinces, Headquarters Guntur
declared his independence as the Nizam of Hyderabad. The coastal districts of Hyderabad, known as the Northern Circars, were occupied by the French in 1750. During this time, the Mandals 18
Manur Rao family of Deshastha Brahmin community, the Vasireddi family of Kamma community and the Manik Rao family of Velama community were prominent Zamindar families in Government
the present day Guntur district. The Manur Rao family were rulers of Chilakaluripet Zamindari and Sattenapalle Zamindari, The Vasireddi family were rulers of Amaravathi Zamindari • Collector & District Ms. Nagalakshmi
and The Manik Rao family were the rulers of Repalle Zamindari.[15] Magistrate Selvarajan, I.A.S.
• Superintendent of Sri S. Satish Kumar,
Police I.P.S.
Post Independence • Lok Sabha Guntur
constituency
The Guntur region played a significant role in the struggle for independence and the formation of Andhra Pradesh. The northern, Telugu- speaking districts of Madras State, including
• MP Chandra Sekhar
Guntur, advocated to become a separate state after independence. The new state of Andhra region named Andhra State, was created in 1953 from the eleven northern districts of Madras Pemmasani
State. In 1970, part of Guntur district was split off to become part of the Prakasam district.[16] • Assembly 07
constituencies
The district suffers from Naxalite insurgency and is a part of the Red corridor.[17]
Area
• Total 2,443 km2
(943 sq mi)
Geography • Urban 130.3 km2
(50.3 sq mi)
Guntur district occupies an area of approximately 2,443 square kilometres (943 sq mi),[18] [19] The Krishna River forms the northeastern and eastern Population (2011)
boundary of the district, separating it from Krishna district. The district is bounded on the southeast by the Bay of Bengal, on the south by Bapatla • Total 2,091,075
district, on the west by Palnadu district and on the northwest by NTR district and north east Krishna district. • Density 860/km2 (2,200/
sq mi)
Guntur Coast is located on the south east coast of India (also known as the Coromandel Coast) (quotes from NASA site). Krishna river merges into Bay • Urban 1,012,331
of Bengal at the coastal area of Guntur district. The braided stream channels, broad floodplain, and extensive sandbars suggest that this part of the Demographics
Krishna river flows through relatively flat terrain and carries substantial amounts of sediment, especially during the monsoon season. Suryalanka • Literacy 67.40%
Beach near Bapatla, Bobbarrlanka in Repalle, Nizampatnam Beach in Nizampatnam are tourist beaches in Guntur coastline. • Sex ratio 1003
Vehicle registration AP-07 (former)
AP39 (from 30
Demographics January 2019)[1]
Guntur Coast by NASA Major highways NH-16
As of 2011 census of India, the district had a population of 4,887,813 with a density of 193 inhabitants per square kilometre (500/sq mi). The total
Website guntur.ap.gov.in (http
population constitute, 2,440,521 males and 2,447,292 females – a sex ratio of 1003 females per 1000 males. The total urban population is s://guntur.ap.gov.in/)
Religions in Guntur district (2011)[a][20] 16,52,738 (33.81%).[5]: 19 There are 29,60,441 literates with a literacy rate of 67.40%.
Religion Percent
Hinduism 83.94% After bifurcation the district had a population of 20,91,075, of which 1,072,544 (51.29%) lived in urban areas. Guntur district had a sex ratio of 1007 females to 1000 males. Scheduled
Islam 13.37%
Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 4,21,861 (20.17%) and 69,017 (3.30%) of the population respectively.[21]: 77–82
Christianity 2.21%
Other or not stated 0.48%
At the time of the 2011 census, 86.14% of the population spoke Telugu and 12.32% Urdu as their first language.[22]
Distribution of religions

Administrative setup

Collectorate
The Collectorate play a pivotal role in the district administration. Collector in the cadre of IAS heads the district. He acts as the District Magistrate for maintaining Law and order in his jurisdiction. He deals mainly with planning and
development. Law and Order, scheduled areas/ agency areas, general elections, arms licensing etc.

The Joint Collector, who also belongs to the IAS cadre, runs the Revenue administration under various enactments in the district. He is also designated as Additional District Magistrate. He mainly deals with civil supplies,land matters,
mines and minerals,village officers etc.

The District Revenue Officer (DRO), in the cadre of Special Grade Deputy Collectors, assists the Collector and Joint Collector in discharging their duties. The District Revenue Officer looks after all the branches of the Collectorate. He

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deals mainly with general administration and is vested with supervision of day-to-day functions of the collectorate.

The administrative officer in the rank of a Tahsildar is the general assistant to the collector. He directly supervises all the sections in the collectorate and most of the files are routed through him.

The collectorate is divided into 8 sections as per the administrative reforms taken up by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.

▪ Section A:: Deals with Establishment and Office Procedures

▪ Section B:: Deals with Accounts and audit
▪ Section C:: Deals with Magisterial (Court/Legal) matters.
▪ Section D:: Deals with land Revenue and relief
▪ Section E:: Deals with Land Administration
▪ Section F:: Deals with Land Reforms Languages of Guntur
district (2011)[22]
▪ Section G:: Deals with Land Acquisition
▪ Section H:: Deals with Protocol, elections and Residual work. Telugu (86.14%)
Urdu (12.32%)

Administrative divisions Others (1.54%)

The district is divided into Two Revenue divisions, namely, Guntur, Tenali. These are sub-divided into 18 mandals,[23] which are in turn divided as 57 Panchayat Samiti (Block)s, 712 villages and 16
towns. These 16 towns includes, 2 municipal corporation, 2 municipalities[24] and 1 census town. Gurazala revenue division was newly formed in the year 2013.[25][26] Guntur city is the one municipal corporation and district
headquarter Mangalagiri Tadepalli Municipal Corporation is the second municipal corporation in Guntur district. Vaddeswaram is categorised as a census town.[27] The 2 municipalities in the district are Tenali, Ponnur.[28][24]

Politics

Parliament segment
Guntur Lok Sabha constituency

Assembly segments
Guntur constituency presently comprises the following legislative assembly segments:[29]

Constituency Reserved for

number
Name (SC/ST/None)
Parliament

86 Tadikonda SC

87 Mangalagiri None

88 Ponnur None

91 Tenali None Guntur

93 Prathipadu SC

94 Guntur West None

95 Guntur East None

Mandals
The below table categorises the 18 mandals into their respective revenue divisions in the district:[30]

1. Guntur revenue division 2. Tenali revenue division

1. Guntur East 1. Chebrolu
2. Guntur West 2. Duggirala
3. Medikonduru 3. Kakumanu
4. Pedakakani 4. Kollipara Satellite view of Guntur District
Mandals
5. Pedanandipadu 5. Mangalagiri
6. Phirangipuram 6. Ponnur
7. Prathipadu 7. Tadepalle
8. Tadikonda 8. Tenali
9. Thullur
10. Vatticherukuru

Cities and towns

Largest cities or towns in Guntur District
As per the 2011 Census
Rank Division Pop.
1 Guntur Guntur Division 10,566,677
2 Mangalagiri Tenali Division 207,197
3 Tadepalle Tenali Division 174,937
4 Tenali Tenali Division 164,937
Guntur 5 Ponnur Tenali Division 59,913 Tadepalle
6 Pedakakani Guntur Division 23,201
7 Namburu Guntur Division 19,676
8 Tadikonda Guntur Division 18,505
9 Pedavadlapudi Tenali Division 13,076
Mangalagiri 10 Kaza Tenali Division 11,098 Tenali

Municipal Bodies in Guntur District

Civic Municipality 2011 Census 2001 Census 1991 Census 1981 Census 1971 Census 1961 Census 1951 Census
S.No. City / Town Status of Formation Year Population Population Population Population Population Population Population
Town

Municipal
1 Guntur 1866 670,073 514,461 417,051 367,699 2,69,991 1,87,122 1,25,255
Corporation

Mangalagiri Municipal
2 2021 300,497 63,349 59,152 46,172 32,850 22,182 17,586
Tadepalli Corporation

Municipality
3 Tenali Grade - 1912 164,937 153,756 143,726 119,257 102,937 78,525 58,116
Special

Municipality
4 Ponnur 1964 59,913 57,640 54,363 50,206 31,463 22,872 17,972
Grade - 2

Note -

▪ Dachepalli Nagar Panchayat includes Dachepalli and Nadikudi.

▪ Gurazala Nagar Panchayat includes Gurazala and Jangamaheswaram.

Erstwhile Talukas [Non-Municipalities] Population.

2011 Census
S.No Town Civic Status of Town Population

1 Prathipadu Grama Panchayat 14,305

2 Tadikonda Grama Panchayat 18,505

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Village Panchayats
Guntur district has 1022 Gram Panchayats covering 58 mandals including seized mandals. Panchayat secretaries have been working for the cluster Headquarter Gram Panchayats. The main objective of the Panchayat Raj Department is
to provide civic amenities to the rural public.

Erstwhile Talukas
▪ Before Formation of mandals, Administration was done through Taluka system.
▪ Guntur District had 8 Talukas in 1971, later in 1978 they were increased to 21 Talukas.
▪ In 1985, Mandal system was created and 57 mandals were formed in the district.
▪ In 2018, Guntur mandal is split into Guntur East and Guntur West mandals making a total of 58 mandals.[31]
▪ In 2022, with 18 mandals new district was formed.

Erstwhile Talukas Newly formed Talukas Newly formed Mandals

S.No. in 1971 in 1978 in 1985

Guntur Guntur, Pedakakani, Chebrolu [part]

Prathipadu Prathipadu, Vatticherukuru, Pedanandipadu [part]

1 Guntur
Tadikonda Tadikonda, Thullur, Amaravathi [part]

Mangalagiri Mangalagiri, Tadepalli,

Tenali Tenali, Tsundur,Vemuru [part], Chebrolu [part]

2 Tenali Emani Duggirala, Kollipara,

Amruthalur Amruthalur, Kolluru, Vemuru [part]

Repalle Repalle, Bhattiprolu,

3 Repalle
Pallapatla Cherukupalli, Nagaram, Nizampatnam,

Bapatla Bapatla, Karlapalem, Pittalavanipalem

4 Bapatla
Ponnur Ponnuru, Kakumanu,

Narsaraopeta Narasaraopeta, Nakirekallu, Rompicherla,

5 Narsaraopeta
Chilakaluripeta Chilakaluripeta, Edlapadu, Nadendla, Pedanandipadu [part],

Vinukonda Vinukonda, Nuzendla, Savalyapuram [part]

6 Vinukonda
Ipur Ipur, Bollapalle, Savalyapuram [part]

Palnadu Gurajala, Karempudi, Rentachintala [part],

7 Palnadu Macherla Macherla, Durgi, Veldurthy, Rentachintala [part],

Piduguralla Piduguralla, Dachepalle, Machavaram,

Sattenapalle Sattenapalle, Phirangipuram, Medikonduru,

8 Sattenapalle Rajupalem Rajupalem, Bellamkonda, Muppala, Krosuru [part]

Talluru Atchampet, Pedakurapadu, Amaravathi [part], Krosuru [part]

Economy
The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹49,722 crore (US$6.0 billion) and it contributes 9.5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita
income at current prices was ₹82,026 (US$980). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹16,111 crore (US$1.9 billion), ₹8,770 crore (US$1.1 billion) and ₹24,841 crore
(US$3.0 billion) respectively to the GDDP.[32]

The major products contributing to the GVA of the district from agriculture and allied services are paddy, cotton kapas, chillies, banana, milk, meat and fisheries. The GVA to the industrial and
service sector is contributed from construction, electricity, manufacturing, transport and education.[32]

Transport
Tobacco Drying at Grandhasiri
village in Guntur district
The total road length of state highways in the district is 1,258 km (782 mi).[33] There exists 406 km (252 mi) of rail network in the district.[32]

Education and research

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[34][35] As per the school information report
for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 4,739 schools. They include, 32 government, 2,839 mandal and zilla parishads, 2 residential, 1329 private, 14 model, 24 Kasturba Gandhi Balika
Vidyalaya (KGBV), 296 municipal and 203 other types of schools.[36] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 637,031.[37] The district
being home to the capital city, it is experiencing a growth in private international schools as well.[38] The Central Board of Secondary Education, Secondary School Certificate or the Indian Certificate
of Secondary Education are the different types of syllabus followed by different schools. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English, Telugu and Urdu.[39][40]

There are several junior colleges which are under government, residential, social welfare, disabled welfare, private aided and unaided for the purpose of imparting (10+2) education and the students
sit for the certificate of Board of Intermediate Education.[41] AC college is the oldest private aided college of the district, established in 1885.[41] The higher education colleges have various fields of
study like medical, nursing, degree, post graduate, polytechnic, law, teaching, pharmacy, engineering, veterinary etc.[42] The Acharya Nagarjuna University is a state university which has fourteen
A college campus
autonomous colleges as per Universities Grant Commission.[43][44] The KMC, GMC, AIIMS are some of the premier medical institutes in Guntur. There are also many private universities like Vignan
University, KL University in the district. The Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University at Lam is a public agricultural university, equipped with a Regional Agricultural Research Station.[45][46]

Culture
The district has many festivals such as Rama Navami,[47] Maha Sivaratri,[48] Vinayaka Chavithi,[49] Vijaya Dasami,[50] Deepawali,[51] Holi,[52] Ugadi,[53] Eid,[54] Krishnastami,[55] Christmas.[56]
There are hill temple festivals at Kotappakonda, Mangalagiri.

Sports A university campus

Mangalagiri International Cricket Stadium is being built in a 20-acre (8.1 ha) site in Navuluru, village of Mangalagiri town, Guntur district, about 15 km from the city of Vijayawada. The exclusive
stadium of the Andhra Cricket Association will be the venue for international and Ranji matches.[57]

Tourism
Places of historical importance in the district include Ponnur, Undavalli Caves, Gurazala, Mangalagiri, Tadepalle, Tenali and the archaeological museum in Guntur. There are many places of interest
like Undavalli Caves.

Lord Hanuman temple, Ponnur

Tradition and spirituality
Prolaya Vema Reddi built number of Lord Shiva temples during his reign. Number of temples were constructed in Krishna valley during the reign of Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu. Tall towers (Gaali
Gopuram) of these temples in many villages and towns of Guntur district stand testimony to his devotion and munificence. Some of the famous destinations are Nadivelamma Talli Temple in Rajavolu, and there will be annual festival
on Full moon day in the month of Chaitra maas. Amaravathi temple, the abode of Lord Shiva, present in the form of a 15 ft (4.6 m) Shiva Linga. The Auspicious Hill of Mangalagiri town, is dedicated to Lord Narasimha with three
temples of Panakala Narasimha Swamy on the hill, Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy at the foot of the temple, Gandala Narasimha Swamy at the top of the hill, are also famous. Other famous temples are Bhavanarayanaswami temple in
Bapatla, Sri Laxmi Chennakesava Swamy Temple in Macherla, Kotappakonda,[58] Pedakakani, Vykuntapuram in Tenali.and also subramaneswara Swamy temple,polleramathalli temple, agastheswaraswamy temple (which was built
in 8 century by agasthaya mahrashi and rebuilt by Sri Krishna Devaraya)

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Amaravathi Cultural Heritage Museum

Healthcare
Healthcare is provided by government and private institutions. The Guntur Government Hospital provides free healthcare.[59] All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is situated in
Mangalagiri.[60] The nonprofit or charity hospitals are the Sankara Eye Hospital.[61][62]

Notable people
▪ Aluri Chakrapani, film producer General Hospital in Guntur
▪ Jamuna, actress
▪ Krishna, film actor
▪ Posani Krishna Murali, actor, writer
▪ Dokka Manikya Vara Prasad, former State Minister
▪ Ambati Rayudu, former Indian Cricketer
▪ Kotha Raghuramaiah, Member of Parliament and former Central Minister
▪ N. G. Ranga, Member of Parliament
▪ N. Bhaskara Rao, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
▪ Alla Ayodhya Rami Reddy, Member of Parliament and Founded Ramky Group of Companies
▪ A. V. Gurava Reddy, leading surgeon
▪ Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
▪ Kallam Anji Reddy, the founder of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
▪ Kallam Satish Reddy present Chairman of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories
▪ Savitri, actress
▪ Sharada, actress and Member of Parliament
▪ Sumalatha, actress and Member of Parliament

See also
▪ Timeline of Guntur
▪ List of people from Guntur
▪ Kollur Mine

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a. In Andhra Pradesh, most Christians record their religion as 'Hindu' on the census so the real number of Christians is around 15-20% of the population of Guntur district

Bibliography
▪ Babu, J. Ravindra (2009). Universalisation of Elementary Education: A Study of District Primary Education Programme from South India (https://books.google.com/books?id=aWAZBwAAQBAJ&q=guntur+is+located+north+of+bay
+of+bengal&pg=PA77). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-1069-2. OCLC 929657976 (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/929657976). Retrieved 9 June 2017.
▪ Brand, Coenraad M. (1973). Bendix, Reinhard (ed.). State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology (https://books.google.com/books?id=P5gzTp13AXQC). Berkeley: University of California Press.
ISBN 978-0520024908. OCLC 898268056 (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/898268056).

External links
▪ Official site (https://web.archive.org/web/20111015044446/http://guntur.nic.in/)
▪ Guntur district marked on OpenStreetMap (https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2022220#map=8/16.269/80.054)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guntur_district&oldid=1237101075"

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