State of Ohio

ENERGY SECTOR RISK PROFILE

This State Energy Risk Profile examines the relative magnitude
of the risks that the state of Ohio’s energy infrastructure
routinely encounters in comparison with the probable
OH impacts. Natural and man-made hazards with the potential to
cause disruption of the energy infrastructure are identified.
Certain natural and adversarial threats, such as cybersecurity,
electromagnetic pulse, geomagnetic disturbance, pandemics,
or impacts caused by infrastructure interdependencies, are
ill-suited to location-based probabilistic risk assessment as
they may not adhere to geographic boundaries, have limited
occurrence, or have limited historic data. Cybersecurity and other
threats not included in these profiles are ever present and should
Ohio State Facts be included in state energy security planning. A complete list of
data sources and national level comparisons can be found in the
Data Sources document.
POPULATION HOUSING BUSINESS

11.69 M
UNITS
5.22 M
ESTABLISHMENTS
0.25 M
Ohio Risks and Hazards Overview
• The natural hazard that caused the greatest overall property
ENERGY EMPLOYMENT: 97,983 jobs
loss between 2009 and 2019 was Tornadoes at $73 million per
PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION: Public Utilities Commission of Ohio
year (4th leading cause nationwide at $2 billion per year).
STATE ENERGY OFFICE: Ohio Development Services Agency,
Office of Community Assistance, Energy Section • Ohio had 57 Major Disaster Declarations, 0 Emergency
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY: Ohio Emergency Declarations, and 0 Fire Management Assistance Declarations
Management Agency for 4 events between 2013 and 2019.
AVERAGE ELECTRICITY TARIFF: 9.94 cents/kWh
• Ohio registered 13% fewer Heating Degree Days and
ENERGY EXPENDITURES: $3,461/capita
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA: 312 MMBtu
32% greater Cooling Degree Days than average in 2019.
(23rd highest out of 50 states and Washington, D.C.) • There are 3 Fusion Centers in Ohio. The Primary Fusion Center
GDP: $675.9 billion is located in Columbus.
Data from 2020 or most recent year available.
For more information, see the Data Sources document.
Annualized Frequency of and Property Damage
Due to Natural Hazards, 2009 – 2019
ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION HAZARD PROPERTY DAMAGE – Annualized
FREQUENCY – ($Million per year)
ELECTRIC POWER: 259,000 GWh Annualized
COAL: 29,100 MSTN Drought 0 $0
NATURAL GAS: 1,128 Bcf
MOTOR GASOLINE: 117,600 Mbbl Earthquake <1 $0
DISTILLATE FUEL: 50,500 Mbbl (≥ 3.5 M)
Extreme Heat 1 $0
ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION: 191 plants, 120.0 TWh,
Flood 48 $31
31.4 GW total capacity
Coal: 12 plants, 46.8 TWh, 12.2 GW total capacity
Hurricane 0 $0
Hydro: 5 plants, 0.4 TWh, 0.1 GW total capacity
Natural Gas: 48 plants, 51.3 TWh, 14.8 GW total capacity
Landslide <1 $0
Nuclear: 2 plants, 17.0 TWh, 2.2 GW total capacity
Petroleum: 50 plants, 0.8 TWh, 0.7 GW total capacity Thunderstorm
122 $35
Wind & Solar: 47 plants, 2.2 TWh, 0.8 GW total capacity & Lightning
Other sources: 27 plants, 1.5 TWh, 0.4 GW total capacity
Tornado 14 $73
COAL: 9,500 MSTN
NATURAL GAS: 2,650 Bcf
Wildfire 0 $0
CRUDE OIL: 28,000 Mbbl
ETHANOL: 13,200 Mbbl Winter Storm
& Extreme Cold 32 $12
Data from EIA (2018, 2019).
Data Sources: NOAA and USGS

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State of Ohio | ENERGY SECTOR RISK PROFILE

ELEC TRIC

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State of Ohio | ENERGY SECTOR RISK PROFILE

Electric Infrastructure
• Ohio has 136 electric utilities: • In 2018, the average Ohio electric customer experienced
– 18 Investor owned 1.4 service interruptions that lasted an average of 4 hours.

– 25 Cooperative • In Ohio, between 2008 and 2017:

– 83 Municipal – The greatest number of electric outages occurred in

September (8th for outages nationwide)
– 10 Other utilities
– The leading cause of electric outages was Weather or
• Plant retirements scheduled by 2025: 11 electric generating Falling Trees (leading cause nationwide)
units totaling 3,451 MW of installed capacity.
– Electric outages affected 728,717 customers on average

Electric Customers and Consumption by Sector, 2018 Electric Utility Outage Data, 2008 – 2017
TOTAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY OUTAGES
TOTAL DURATION OF OUTAGES Hours
CUSTOMERS CONSUMPTION 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Residential 88% 35% 832,600

2008 711

Commercial 11% 31% 777,370

2009 96

Industrial <1% 34% 681,990

2010 82

Transportation <1% <1% 782,540

2011 39
1,481,020
Data Source: EIA 2012 29
531,190
2013 40
Electric Utility-Reported Outages by Cause, 2008 – 2017
464,120
2014 137
TOTAL NUMBER OF INCIDENTS
31% 6% 540,370
Animal 87 2015 109
Faulty Equipment / 532,760
Human Error 367 2016 121
Overdemand 2 663,210
27% 2017 77
Planned 69
11% Theft / Vandalism 21
Unknown 242 Note: This chart uses a logarithmic scale to display a very wide range of values.
Data Source: Eaton
5% Vehicle Accident 156
18%
<1% Weather / Falling Trees 422
Data Source: Eaton
2%

Electric Utility Distruption Causes Category-COLORS

Animal XX
Faulty Equipment /
Human Error XX
Overdemand XX
Planned XX
Theft / Vandalism XX
Unknown XX
Vehicle Accident XX
Weather / Falling Trees XX

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State of Ohio | ENERGY SECTOR RISK PROFILE

NATUR AL GAS

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State of Ohio | ENERGY SECTOR RISK PROFILE

Natural Gas Transport

Top Events Affecting Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution, 1984 – 2019 • As of 2018, Ohio had:
Transmission ECONOMIC LOSS – Annualized Loss FREQUENCY – Annualized Frequency – 10,599 miles of natural gas
Distribution $Thousands per year Average incidents per year transmission pipelines
$123 0.25
Corrosion $140 0.42 – 58,770 miles of natural gas
$31 0.22 distribution pipelines
Equipment Failure $41 0.06
0.14
• 63% of Ohio’s natural gas transmission
Excavation Damage $14 $947 0.56 system and 32% of the distribution
Incorrect Operation $309 0.11 system were constructed prior to 1970 or
$357 0.17
in an unknown year.
$154 0.39
Material / Weld Failure $92 0.17 • Between 1984 and 2019, Ohio’s natural
0.19 gas supply was most impacted by:
Miscellaneous / Unknown $37 $2,333 1.81

Natural Force $817 0.14 – Natural Forces when transported

$304 0.14
by transmission pipelines (2nd leading
$783 0.44
Outside Force $1,625 1.36 cause nationwide at $25.17M per year)
– Miscellaneous or Unknown
Data Source: DOT PHMSA
events when transported by
distribution pipelines (2nd leading
cause nationwide at $67.89M per year)

Natural Gas Processing and Liquefied Natural Gas

Natural Gas Customers and Consumption by Sector, 2018

CUSTOMERS CONSUMPTION • Ohio has 5 natural gas processing facilities with a total
Residential 92% 27%
capacity of 2,165 MMcf/d.
• Ohio has 0 liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities.
Commercial 7% 16%

Industrial <1% 26%

Transportation <1% <1%

Electric Power <1% 30%

Other <1% <1%

Data Source: EIA

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State of Ohio | ENERGY SECTOR RISK PROFILE

PE TROLEUM

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State of Ohio | ENERGY SECTOR RISK PROFILE

Petroleum Transport
Top Events Affecting Petroleum Transport by Truck and Rail, 1986 – 2019 • As of 2018, Ohio had:
Truck ECONOMIC LOSS – Annualized Loss FREQUENCY – Annualized Frequency – 605 miles of crude oil pipelines
Rail $Thousands per year Average incidents per year
– 2,885 miles of refined product
$1 0.12
Corrosion $0 0 pipelines
Derailment or $1,466 2.38 – 0 miles of biofuels pipelines
Collision / Rollover $47 0.12
$0 0.35
Equipment Failure $0 0.09 • 64% of Ohio’s petroleum pipeline
$77
Incorrect Operation $2 18.79 systems were constructed prior to 1970
5.53
or in an unknown year.
$12 2.79
Material / Weld Failure $0 0.65
$838 10.44 • Between 1986 and 2019, Ohio’s
Miscellaneous / Unknown $36 0.91 petroleum supply was most impacted by:
$34 0.29
Natural Force $0 0 – Outside Forces when transported
$2,683 6.32 by truck (2nd leading cause
Outside Force $0 0.03 nationwide at $60.45M per year)
Data Source: DOT PHMSA
– Derailments, Collisions, or
Rollovers when transported by rail
Top Events Affecting Crude Oil and Refined Product Pipelines, 1986 – 2019 (leading cause nationwide at $19.71M
per year)
Crude Pipelines ECONOMIC LOSS – Annualized Loss FREQUENCY – Annualized Frequency
Product Pipelines $Thousands per year Average incidents per year – Material Failures when
$36 0.47 transported by crude pipelines
Corrosion $153 . 0.62 (leading cause nationwide at $41.36M
Equipment Failure $47 0.38 per year)
$90 0.94

Excavation Damage $0 0 – Excavation Damage when

$613 0.12 transported by product pipelines
Incorrect Operation $7
$573
0.18
0.47
(5th leading cause nationwide at
$5.74M per year)
Material / Weld Failure $437 0.26
$291 0.41
$4 0.18 • Disruptions in other states may impact
Miscellaneous / Unknown $151 0.29 supply.
Natural Force $0 0
$105 0.29
$128 0.12
Outside Force $118 0.50
Data Source: DOT PHMSA

Petroleum Refineries
• Ohio has 4 petroleum refineries with a total operable capacity of 597.8 Mb/d.
• Between 2009 and 2019, the leading cause of petroleum refinery disruptions in Ohio was:
– Maintenance (2nd leading cause nationwide)

Causes and Frequency of Petroleum Refinery Disruptions, 2009 – 2019

60
Equipment Failure / Damage / Interruption 12
50
Number of Instances

Fire and / or Explosion 13

40 General Outage / Repair / Closure 23
Loss of Containment / Flaring 25
30
Loss of Electric Power or Other Utility Service 10
20 Maintenance / Turnaround 58
Refinery Shutdown / Conversion 1
10
Weather or Natural Disaster 3
0
Data Source: Hydrocarbon Publishing

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