Stride Duplicator

Kafr El sheikh STEM school

Grade10, Semester2, Year2023-2024, group no: 18121
Keywords: Footstep power generator-Sustainability-Duplication-organize-
Climate change-Fossil fuels-School activities- Motion
Abstract:
Like several other nations, Egypt faces serious environmental issues
including pollution and climate change, which are primarily caused by the
country's dependence on fossil fuels. This semester's project was started
in response to exploring sustainable practices and alternative energy
sources in schools with the participation of the students to reduce the
utilization of non-renewable energies.
Taking inspiration from US, German, and Japanese applications. The
project's innovative idea is to duplicate and simplify a footstep power
generator to gather mechanical energy from students’ movements and
transform it into electrical energy.
The generator consists of a base tile with a compressed spring
mechanism and a specially designed tile on top of it. A rack and pinion
system converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, which is then
collected and stored in a battery by many dynamos. A modified design
with more springs for better efficiency and duplicating the system in one
tile produces more than the required target of energy per footstep, by
establishing the law of power to get the theoretical value which is
(power=work done/time) 150/5x60=0.5 joules/second. In the test plan, it
generates more than 9.2volt so, by establishing the law of power (electric
power electric intensity x volts). In the

End, the results that are produced from the improved design, outsmart
the design requirements.
Duplicating the system breaks the estimations. In the meantime, it
encourages participation and sustainability by utilizing the energy
produced by students' activities on school property. This also can
promote awareness of this dangerous situation among pupils. It is making
them think more about several ways to save the planet. Then, the
school's types of equipment can store energy and use it for a variety of
uses, like lighting LEDs or other electrical appliances, by putting the
design in crowded places in the country like airports, streets, and many
other places. This makes people everywhere help in reducing the
pollution impact on our planet.
Introduction:
There are major global risks that the planet is currently facing. Global
warming is the main problem behind Earth's changing conditions. Human
carelessness combined with a fast-growing population has made this
situation even more dangerous. Resources are being stressed by people's
increasing demand for energy, water, and electricity. The environment
has suffered greatly because of human activity, especially due to the
widespread utilization of fossil fuels for energy production. As a result,
the polar ice caps are melting, and the world's temperatures are rising.
The major issues facing the planet include species extinction, climate
change, and forest fires.
To deal with those problems and prevent the doom of the planet,
concerted efforts are currently being made. Among these efforts are
those aimed at encouraging reforestation, exploring alternative energy
sources, and creating sustainable electricity generation techniques.
Finding appropriate energy sources that are globally accessible and
beneficial to the environment is one of the tasks assigned in this
semester project. The in-depth search led to the discovery of several
environmentally friendly ways to generate electricity, including wind,
solar, and other similar sources. However, many of those sources call for
specialized technology, difficult-to-get materials, occupy large places, and
are extremely expensive, thus this semester's capstone aims to come up
with solutions to produce electricity by using wasted energy generated by
school activities, the project should be eco-friendly, user friendly beside
having the efficiency to be stored and used in other fields.
Searching led to other options that are easier to construct and require
less effort to produce electricity. One of those solutions is the footstep
generator, which has been successfully utilized in the United States,
Germany, China, and Japan. Footstep generators are used to use the
power generated by normal human movement in airports, pavements,
and crowded areas. The system could be placed in several places, for
example, in the food room to organize the passage of students, in
addition to producing electricity. On stepping on the plate, the pressure
presses the plate, and the racks transform the energy to the gears as a
result the intermediate gears connected to the dynamos rotate, thus
dynamos convert this energy to electricity and store it in a battery or use
to power a specific instrument. It is fast to generate electricity as it uses
steps which is an instantaneous action. It uses recycled materials and
produces no emissions; thus, it is an eco-friendly invention.
To increase its efficiency, the system was simplified. And duplicated
into two other systems, the first system is a

Connection of multiple racks are connected to gears which are connected

to intermediate gears connected to dynamos, all those dynamos are
converted to DC generators using bridges and connected aboard with LED
and battery. The second system is a recommendation in case of needing
more electricity.

Original system
 Duplicated one

Design requirements include constructing a prototype that is: User

friendly (how easy that device is to be used) environmentally friendly
(either by not polluting the environment or by getting rid of
environmental pollution), fast in producing energy (rate of producing
energy through measuring the power produced),non-impediment (your
device will not negatively affect the student’s activities)and other
requirement related the idea itself as, using matched gears during
construction and suitable dynamos that fit the needed voltage.
To allow an eco-friendly project only recycled materials were used
such as springs, and racks, In addition to gears. The need for a light and
brittle plate led to the choice of recycled wood from the first-semester
dam reservoir as a proper choice. The project is user-friendly as it needs
just a step to be operated. It does not need extra work from students;
thus, it won’t affect the students' activities.
The project proved its productivity by achieving the design
requirement, producing an average of 13 volts and 1.5 meters in one
second. This allows the project to charge the battery and turn on several
colors of LED. Those results are generated by only one step, what if all
students in the school used it?
Materials:
(Table. (1) Materials)

Item Description Quantity Usage Source Image

Diode Recycled 1 Convert AC to Old circuit
diode DC recycled

nuts Recycled 8 fix gears Old

nuts appliances

30 l.E

blot Recycled saft 2 Move gears Scrap shop

at the same
time recycled

pipes Recycled 2 Hold racks Old curtains

curtain pipes recycled

gears Recycled 4 Sources Som from old

gears kinetic radio- Made 250 L.E
energy from wood

Pinion and Recycled 4 Sources Scrap shop

rack kinetic
energy recycled

plate Recycled 4 Act as a tile Mode from

wood 20 L.E

springs Recycled 4 Operate Scrap shop

springs the system
10 L.E
LED Recycled 6 Detect Old toys
spring energy
(fab lab)

Battery Recycled 1 Store Old laptop

battery electricity

recycled

wires Recycled 7 connection Old circuits

wires (fab lab)

Dynamo dynamo 4 Convert Extracted

mechanical from old
energy to printing 100 L.E
electricity machines
and old
toys
Methods:
• Prototype construction:
No denying that construction is a complicated process that requires
wise preparation before it, hence a construction method was used to
facilitate the process.
-First: Have a significant path,
To avoid dispersion a schema was done to represent the ideas and
come up with further modifications. Schema included plan A and plan B
which, plan a: Simplify the original footstep power generating system and
duplicate it to increase its efficiency. Plan B includes using an electric
piezo instead of the whole system.
-Second: Insure materials availability,
Ensure having all the needed materials, some of the materials were
brought from the scrap shop, garbage, and the others were extracted
from old appliances.
-Third: Divide the whole system to allow fast construction, the system
was separated into smaller sections, and the team also was separated
into groups according to the number of parts.
-Fourth: Construction and gathering,
1-first the upper system:
The upper system includes the plate and the
pipes connected to the racks. A plate of
dimensions (25cm x 15cm) with four pores was
cut from wood and connected to two pipes of Upper system

dimensions (72cm in length) with two racks (13cm each) stacked to them.

2-the lower system:

The lower system includes the base and four columns
with four springs stabled by Four tiny iron columns.

Lower system

3-The gears system:

The gears system includes a shaft with four gears fixed by
8 nuts and connected to intermediate gears attached to
the dynamos.
The dynamos are all connected by wires into a board, the
board contains dynamos wires connected to the battery Gear system.
and a group of LED lamps to detect electricity passage. After
constructing all the parts separately, they were gathered.
Into one system that is ready to be tested.
Test plan:
To ensure the productivity of the project as well as have evidence that
the project can follow the design requirement, doing a test became a
must. Moreover, it became necessary to follow a plan to complete this
process.
Dealing with electricity is a risky process, hence following safety
precautions is a remarkable task. Following safety precautions is the first
step in the testing plan, safety precautions include:
1. Wear appropriate safety gear: gloves, goggles, apron, and closed-
toed shoes.
2. Work in a well-ventilated, spacious area away from hazards.
3. Use proper tools, avoiding damaged or dull ones.
4. Notify the supervisor of unsafe conditions and avoid distracting
others using power tools.
The second step is to start testing, testing includes two pashas. First:
Detect electricity, by applying a force on the plate from a side and watch
if the LED lamps work or not.
The second step is to measure the amount of electricity produced by
adding a voltammeter to the circuit and write down the resulting voltage
per step.
The third step includes making a comparison between the produced
voltage through the original system and the duplicated one and writing -
down the results.
The last step is to analyze the results, detect relations, and represent
them graphically.
Results:
After setting up the prototype and test plane, a constant resistance was used to
calculate the results, the results outsmarted the design requirement, results are:
According to the power rule:
• Power= w/t _W= work done (joule) _T= time (second) _ P=150/5*60 = 0.5
watts (based on design requirement), thus project should produce a minimum of
0.5 watts per sec to achieve design requirement.
Average voltage (Ac) of small dynamo=0.7volt, average ampere= 0.1 ampere
Average voltage (Ac) of large dynamo=3.9volt, average ampere= 0.79ampere,
Total voltage=0.7x2+3.9x2=9.2volt
Total ampere=0.zx2+0.79x2=1.78ampere. (all in one second)
Theoretical power output
To determine the output power it is essential to determine the force applied on
the model... Let the force applied to be calculated as Force=Weight Of The Body=
m. g, Work done =Force x Displacement
Power= Work done/Sec Let the weight applied by the body be 35kgs, then the
the maximum displacement of the spring can be noted as0.03m
Force =35 x 9.8=196N
Work done =196 x 0.03=10.29joule
Power per second=10.29watt
Practical power output
Power can be calculated in terms of obtained voltage and current
when the load is applied to the footsteps.
Power = Voltage*Current
Here, when the foot is depressed due to the applied load on the
footsteps the calculated power is as follows. For one step of 20kgs of load
applied on the footsteps, the total generated voltage=9.2 and the average
current produced is 0.89ampere Power per second= 9.2x 0.89=8.188watt

Figure. (5) results of each large dynamo-

Dc
3.5
3
2.5
2
trial1 trial2 trial3 Average
1.5
1 volt 0.9± 0.1 1.1± 0.1 0.3± 0.1 0.76± 0.3
0.5
ampere 0.1± 0.01 0.09± 0.01 0.12± 0.01 0.103± 0.03
0
1 2 3

volt ampere Series 3

Table.trial1
(2) results oftrial2
each large dynamo-Dc
trial3 average
Figure. (5) results of each large dynamo-
Dc volt 2.4± 0.1 2.5± 0.1 2.9± 0.1 2.6± 0.3
ampere 1.2± 0.1 0.9± 0.1 0.6± 0.1 0.9± 0.3

Figure. (6) results of each large dynamo-

Dc
2
Table. (3) results of each large dynamo-Dc
1.5

0.5
Trail 1 Trail2 Trail3 average
0
trial1 trial2 trial3
Volt (V) 1.2± 0.1 1.3± 0.1 0.5± 0.1 0.7± 0.3
Amber(A) 0.09± 0.01 0.08± 0.01 0.16± 0.01 0.1± 0.03
volt ampere power

(Table4-small dynamo results (Ac))

Figure. (7) results of each small dynamo-

Ac

4.9 5 4.6
4.2 4
3.7 Trail1 Trail2 Trail3 average
1.191.251.26 Volt (V) 4.2± 0.1 4± 0.1 3.7± 0.1 3.9± 0.3
volt ampere power Amber(A 1± 0.01 0.84± 0.01 0.54± 0.01 0.79± 0.03
)
trial 1 trial 2 trial 3 (Table5-large dynamo results (Ac))

Figure (8) result of each large dynamo-

Ac
Analysis:
Egypt faces many grand challenges that affect its stability and
development, in this semester a duplicating system was done to the
footstep power generator. The project's idea aims to generate electricity
from the movement of students in any place. This idea can encourage
people to participate in the issues that face the planet such as pollution,
greenhouse gas impact, and many other issues (geology 1.13) that put
the world in danger. It depends on the daily movement of students. Here
is the analysis for the chosen solution:
Volume of the plate= LWH= 30 x 15x 1 = 450 cm^3, The dimensions of the
top plate are length=0.3 m, width= 0.15 m, F = force acting on the
system. A = area of the top plate., The average weight of people = 60 kg.
wt. by establishing the law of
stress(pressure)=F/A=60/0.3x.0.15=13066.6N/m^2. (physics1.08)
Work done law,
used to calculate the height of racks,
Work done=Force x displacement, Force = 20 kg (least weight) ,
Displacement = w/f = 150/20=7.5 cm
Work done = 150 joules, Height of the spring= 6cm, Height of the rack =
6cm + 7.5 cm = 13.5 cm
Used gears have,
Intermediate gear diameter=1.5cm, Gears diameter=2.5cm, average
number of teeth=31 teeth
The number of teeth of gears is an essential factor that affects the
amount of produced voltage.
By increasing the number of teeth of gears compared to racks, the
number of revolutions increases.
, thus, voltage increases.
, There are several principles, and laws that our project relies
on:
Newton’s laws have an essential role in our project idea. Let’s go
together to know the role of each principle:
 Newton’s first law:(law of inertia)
An object that stays at rest tends to be at rest as our system. When there
is no applied force, the system tends to be at rest. When external force is
applied to the system, it tends to be in motion.
 Newton’s second law: (law of acceleration)
After applying the force on the system, the system has different velocities
and accelerations. Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force
from F= Ma f= force, M= MASS, and A= accelerations.
Our dependence on this law is to get the acceleration of the system and
know what time the system took to generate a specific amount of
electricity.
 Newton's third law:(action-reaction)
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction to what happens in the
footstep generator. When force is applied to the system. It gives equal
and opposite reaction force due to spring. This process produced
electricity from the kinetic energy that happened due to the reaction of
springs to the applied forces.

The footstep generator converts mechanical energy into electrical

energy. The first law: is based on energy that can't be created or
destroyed. Energy changes from one form to another. The footstep
generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. (physics 1.10)

Footstep generators may lose energy due to air resistance, friction force,
and other factors, passed on the second law: is based on entropy which is
the loss of energy as heat or waste. According to The laws of
thermodynamics.
The Stepper motor was chosen as:
1-It converts mechanical rotation to electricity whether it is a continuous,
reverse, or stop rotation
2-It Is connected to a motor driver that can turn on and off at high speed
and amplify electrical signals.
3- One full rotation generates 200pulse. (used to measure speed of the
motor)
For example,
Speed of motor =number of revolutions /times
If time=1second
Pulse=1000pulses
*In case of stepper motor*
1revolution= 200pulse, then (? revolutions =1000pulse)
(1x1000)/200=5 revolutions.
This means if the motor produces 1000pulse in a second, it
rotates 5 revolutions.
Voltage is not constant according to induced voltage law,
V=B*N*A*W*sinΘ
V= induced voltage
B=Magnetic field strength(constant)
N=number of revolutions of coil(constant)
A=area of coil
Figure. (9) magnetic dynamo
W=velocity of coil(constant)
Θ=angle between Field length and the normal surface of the coil.
Factors that affect voltage produced:
1-speed of rotation,
it is mainly affected by the speed of the step.in other words, to have
high voltage, a high rotation speed is required.
2-Force applied on spring, using flexible springs will allow having higher
rotation speed. Frictional Force: Friction between the moving parts of the
generator, such as bearings or sliding surfaces could also reduce the
speed.
specific force should be applied to the spring until it is compressed,
on adding extra force, the spring won’t displace more than its limit, it
may differentiate because of high stress.
Springs (physics 1.06)
Displacement of spring(m)

Using HOOKE’S LAW:

Maximum displacement
F /4(mechanics1.08) = -kx
Force applied(N)
K= constant of spring= -20 N/m
Figure. (10) relation between force an displacement of spring
X= displacement= 0.03m
F= -20 x 0.03= 0.6N is responsible for a single spring to be compressed to
its limit.
3- Designing the generator with lightweight components and minimizing
inertial effects can help improve its performance.
4-Environmental Forces: Environmental factors such as temperature
variations, moisture, and exposure to dust or debris can affect the
performance and longevity of the generator
BATTERY BACKUP TIME:
Battery Backup Time=Battery Rating/Load
approximately=10minutes.
based on (chemistry1.11) , decided To choose the suitable
materials, according to Studying the physical
properties of different materials were a must.
-wood: Has low density, thus low mass, it has high strength.
Electric circuit
the following circuit was used to convert AC to DC
-Bridge: used to convert AC to Dc, thus current can be stored in
battery.

-Board: used to organize circuits. figure (10) covert Ac to Dc

-different LEDs were used to indicate

the intensity of power generated by
the proposed mechanical footstep
power generator. The generated figure(11) LED voltage
power can be calculated through the measured values of
LED forward voltage and the current flew through it.
the project succeeded in achieving the design requirements
by producing the required power and achieving the criteria of a s
 sustainable, renewable project

Conclusion:
The footstep-powered generator is a device that can efficiently utilize the
kinetic energy generated from each step. It is a practical solution to
power essential devices and infrastructure in schools. Students can
produce power by simply walking, which can light up their surroundings
or charge their devices. We have achieved success in building a model
made of recycled materials that meets the design requirements. The
generator must produce at least 150 joules in 5 minutes, and our
prototype generates an average voltage (Ac) of small dynamo=0.7volt,
average ampere= 0.1 amperes. Average voltage (Ac) of large
dynamo=3.9volt, average ampere= 0.79ampere, Total
voltage=0.7x2+3.9x2=9.2volt Total ampere=0.zx2+0.79x2=1.78ampere.
(all in one second)
. The values produced are the average values of the footstep generator.
In the dormitory restaurant, the generator can light up a lamp when a
student passes by and presses it while walking, which helps organize
students by signaling when someone is present. This generator can be
used in more than one application without harming the environment. By
taking advantage of ambient energy sources such as footsteps, we can
reduce our carbon footprint and move towards a more sustainable
energy landscape. As we continue to improve and expand this
technology, it has the potential to play a pivotal role in Egypt's transition
to a greener, more environmentally conscious future, helping to
eliminate several problems facing Egypt.
Recommendations:

To increase the efficiency of the generator, some suggestions are

recommended to enhance the project:
1-Put the generator in places where the rate of people walking is high,
such as malls, sidewalks, and airports, to help generate more energy.
2-It would be better to use stronger and highly flexible materials for the
generator parts. For example, using zirconium instead of wood as a plate
that will be pressed by the foot.
3-Exploit the pressure of the layer on the springs and -reduce it to its
maximum extent by placing a piezo energy generator, thus benefiting
from the pressure of the spring to produce more energy.
4-increasing the size of a gear connected to the intermediate gear which
is connected to the dynamo will affect the rotational speed of the
dynamo, hence increasing electrical output from the dynamo.
5-Blend the current duplicating system with a third simplification to the
original one (only large gear and intermediate one connected to
intermediate one).
Literature cited:

1-Ang, C. K., Al-Talib, A. A., Tai, S. M., & Lim, W. H. (2019). Development
of a footstep power generator in converting kinetic energy to electricity.
In E3S web of conferences (Vol. 80, p. 02001). EDP Sciences
2-Al-Talib, S. A. A., & Sheng, S. K. (2020). A Rack and Pinion Driven
Mechanical Footstep Power Generator. Alife Robotics.
3-Bhosale, A., Shinde, M. H., Tahade, M. R., Valani, M. M., & Wall Alwar,
M. R. (2017). Design of Footstep Power Energy Generation Machine. In
International Conference on Ideas, Impact, and Innovation in Mechanical
Engineering (ICIIIME 2017) (Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 943-948).
4-Ismail, F. B., Al-Muhsen, N. F., & Loganathan, L. S. (2020). Design and
fabrication of mechanical power generation systems using footsteps.
International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering &
Telecommunications, 9(3), 183-8
5-Munaswamy, B., Prudhvi, C., Srikanth, V., Kirankumar, B., & Kumar, E.
P. (2018). Mechanical footstep power generation. India International
Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA)–Volume, 5
Acknowledgement:

We would like to thank our teachers who helped us complete our project:

Mr. Maytham - Mr. Esseily - Mr. Morad - Mr. Hassan - Mr. Sayed-Miss
Samah- Miss Samia
  For further information:
Contact us on
Menna: mennatallah.1823537@stemksheikh.moe.edu.eg
Rowida:Rowida.1823518@stemksheikh.meo.edu.eg
Rana:rana.1823514@stemksheikh.meo.edu.eg
Salma:Salma.1823521@stemksheikh.meo.edu.eg
Yara:yara.1823556@stemksheikh.moe.edu.eg