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ny qa Grammar
Present perfect
imple, present perfect continuous
© Present per mle
havehas + past participle
statement negative auestion
Vyow/we/they have ('ve) learnt ... Vyou/we/they have not (haven) learnt... Have /jou/ve/fthey learnt ..
Exampl TE —a
Situation that stared Ps Jenkins has been |The present perect simple is otten used vith he following
in the past and are stil the head teacher \words and phrases:
true for three years. + for ‘She's taught German here for over five years
Comsleed actors ata fve aheady readtiat | * S02 ‘Mr Grey has tug French her since 2006,
times the past whch is book + just Weve just dre this exercise.
not mentones | + aleady We've already done tis exercise.
Completes actions where Theyve al done the» yet We have checked te answers yet
the important ting is the homework. sever Have you ever had guitar lessons?
result now + never Ive never understood why they give us so
‘much homework!
it's the Mts the first time we've watched a video in
firsttime class.
‘We don't use the present perfect simple when we want to say when something happened in
the past, We use the past simple,
J idid my homework last night.
+ We don't use the past simple when we want to show that something happened before now cr is still
important now. We use the present perfect simple.
ve finished! Can | go home now?
+ Some verbs have irregular past participle forms. See page 182,
Present perfect continuous
have/tas + been + ing
statement negative question
Vyou/ve/they have ('ve) Vypu/we/hey havo not (haven't)
been studying... been studying
He/she/it has('s) been studying ...He/she/it has not{hasn't}been studyi
Use Example (ii— =
5 mn doing grammar | The present perfect continuous is often used with the.
Aetions continuing We've been doing gramm. foloreg woe
Upto now or just exercises for over an hour |
before now Can we have a break now? || + for TVe been learning Englsh for over tree years. *
Theyre having a break now because| * since He's been laring Chinese since 2004,
they've been working so hard, «lust Ie just been readng the school newspeper
+ The preset perfect simple often emphasises the result ofan action:
7 She's written an article forthe school newspaper. {= She's fished it)
+ The present perfect continuous often emphasises the action, and the time spent on the action, rather
than the result:
7 She's been writing an article forthe school newspaper. ( = She's started, but she hasnt finished
ityet)
