Gerald P.

Cula
2.1 BSED SST

THE INDUSTRIALIZATION

The Industrial Revolution, started from the late 18th to the early 19th century, it
was the start of the transformative period in human history where economies
shifted from agrarian-based systems to industrialized and mechanized production.
The Industrial revolution was started at the Great Britain, it soon spread to other
parts of Europe and North America, fundamentally changing how goods were
produced, consumed, and distributed.

According to Freddie Wilkinson of National Geographic, The Industrial Revolution

deserves the name with which historians have tagged it. It brought about thorough
and lasting transformations, not just in business and economics but in the basic
structures of society. Before industrialization, when the most significant economic
activities in most European countries were small-scale farming and artisan
handicrafts, social structures remained essentially as they had been during the
Middle Ages. The advent of industrial development revamped patterns of human
settlement, labor, and family life. The changes set in motion by industrialization
ushered Europe, the United States of America, and much of the world into the
modern era. (Freddie Wilkinson 2023)

Industrialization is also the main cause of shifting from Rural to urbanization, turning
the Agricultural lands to a Cities. According to the book of a German Philosopher
Friedrich Engels titled “The Condition of the Working Class in England”

Industrialization led to the creation of the factory and the factory system
contributed to the growth of urban areas as large numbers of workers migrated into
the cities in search of work in the factories. Nowhere was this better illustrated than
in Manchester, the world’s first industrial city, nicknamed Cottonopolis because of
its mills and associated industries that made it the global center of the textile
industry. Manchester experienced a six-times increase in its population between
1771 and 1831. It had a population of 10,000 in 1717, but by 1911 it had burgeoned
to 2.3 million. Bradford grew by 50% every ten years between 1811 and 1851 and
by 1851 only 50% of the population of Bradford was actually born there. In England
and Wales, the proportion of the population living in cities jumped from 17% in 1801
to 72% in 1891. (Friedrich Engels)

Industrialization also greatly affect the Economy, it was first seen in Britain. In The
essay Enlightened Economy of Joel Mokyr, Joel Mokyr examines the economic
transformation of Britain between 1700 and 1850, emphasizing the role of
intellectual and cultural factors in driving the Industrial Revolution. Mokyr argues
that the Enlightenment, with its emphasis on reason, science, and progress, was
crucial to Britain’s economic success during this period. He shows how advances in
knowledge and ideas about technology, institutions, and innovation influenced the
economic landscape. This intellectual shift created an environment where
technological advances could flourish, significantly boosting productivity, industry,
and trade. Mokyr highlights that this era’s economic change was not only the result
of industrialization but also the outcome of a broader cultural transformation that
valued scientific inquiry, experimentation, and applied knowledge. (Joel Mokyr, Yale
University 2009)

Industrialization also make a great Social Impact according to the Article published
of Mark Cartwright The British Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) witnessed a great
number of technical innovations, such as steam-powered machines, which resulted
in new working practices, which in turn brought many social changes.
More women and children worked than ever before, for the first time more people
lived in towns and cities than in the countryside, people married younger and had
more children, and people's diet improved. The workforce become much less skilled
than previously, and many workplaces became unhealthy and dangerous. Cities
suffered from pollution, poor sanitation, and crime. The urban middle class
expanded, but there was still a wide and unbridgeable gap between the poor, the
majority of whom were now unskilled labourers, and the rich, who were no longer
measured by the land they owned but by their capital and possessions. (Cartwright
2023)

Industrialization not only affects the Economy, Landscape, and Social Impact. It is
also affect the environment because according to Kara Anderson, The Industrial
Revolution is called a revolution for a reason - it advanced society in a number of
crucial ways and resulted in rapid economic growth. By shifting to a manufacturing-
based economy, the Industrial Revolution created huge advancements in terms of
increased production and efficiencies, it also advanced transportation systems and
led to improvements in working and living conditions.

However, these developments came with severe consequences. The Industrial

Revolution's environmental impact is profound, marking the start of our intensive
use of fossil fuels (the driving force behind climate change). The consequences of
this environmental impact are still felt today, as the Industrial Revolution set the
stage for the large-scale carbon emissions that continue to drive global warming.
(Anderson 2024)

In Conclusion, Industrialization create a great impact to the world, there is no

Gadgets, Modern Technologies ect. To our world today if the Industrial revolution
didn’t happened. It makes our life more easier and more productive. As we
experiencing now the fruit of Industrial revolution, let us not also forget to use it
wisely, to create more jobs and we can also use it to save not only the life of People
but also the environment.

References:

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/industrialization-labor-and-life/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/urbanization/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/23269970

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2229/social-change-in-the-british-industrial-
revolution/

https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/ecology-news/what-was-the-industrial-revolutions-
environmental-impact