Manufacturing Industry (PART -2)

Q.1. Name three weaving material that are used since ancient times.
Ans: The calicos of Calicut, muslins of Dhaka and Khadi silk like tussar are well known for their
quality and design, since ancient times.
Q.2. When and Where does all major Industrial regions develop?
Ans: Major Industrial regions develop when several industries which are related to each other and are
interdependent for products and other by products come up in close proximity.
They set up industries together in the place where raw material, cheap and skilled labour are
available and the area is close to market.
Q.3. Name the major Industrial Regions of the World
Ans: The Major Industrial Regions of the World are-
1. Eastern part of North America
2. Western and Central Europe-UK, France, Germany, Italy and Sweden
3. Eastern Europe-Russia and Ukraine
4. Eastern Asia including Japan, South Korea,Taiwan, Malaysia, China and India
Minor industrial pockets exist in the West coast of USA, eastern South America, South Africa and
South-east Australia.
Q.4. Name the Eight Industrial Belts in India
Ans: Eight Industrial Belts in India are-
1. Mumbai-Pune region 2. Hooghly region 3.Bengaluru-Tamil Nadu region:
4 Gujarat region 5. Chota Nagpur region 6.Vishakhapatnam-Guntur
region
7. Delhi-Gurugram-Meerut region 8. Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram region
Q.5. Write about the Iron and steel industries.( whole answer)
OR
Q. Why is the development of steel industry an index for manufacturing the level of a country’s
development? ( for answer write only point 1) (Book E.4)
Ans:
1. The iron and steel industry is a basic or a key industry that produces steel, which is used
as a material in many other industries, like, the machine and machine tools, shipbuilding and
automobile. The development of the steel industry is therefore a measure for the level of
development of a country. The iron and steel industry generally serves as an index of the
level of development of any country.
2. The iron and steel industry uses iron-ore, limestone and manganese. About 90 per cent
of the worlds iron ore that is extracted is made into steel.
3. World Producers: China is the biggest producer of steel, followed by USA, Japan, India,
Russia and Germany.
 4. Indian Industries: Major steel plants are in Kulti and Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Bokaro,
Durgapur, Bhilai, Rourkela, Bhadravati, Salem, Vijayanagar and Vishakhapatnam.
Q6. How steel is produced? Write the three stages of steel production
Ans:
1. From ore to steel, there are three major stages of production 1.Smelting in blast furnace or
electric furnace, 2. Further purification in the steel furnace and then, 3. Shaping steel in
rolling mills.
2. Before making steel, molten Iron is poured into containers to make pig iron. Pig Iron is
hard and brittle. Carbon is mixed with pure iron to make steel.
3. Steel can be drawn into sheets, tubes and wires.(last line is characteristics of steel)
Q.7. Write about the history of steel industry in India.
Ans:” In India, steel-making was prevalent since 480 BCE for making arrow heads. The iron pillar
located in the vicinity of the Qutb Minar at Delhi, is over 1600 years old and has shown no signs of
rusting since 400 CE.
Q.8. All industries need a good network of transport. Explain with an example. (Book F.1)
Ans: All industries need a good network of transport. It is because
1. Modes of transport help in transporting raw materials to the industrial location.
2. Similarly, finished goods are transported by road, railways and waterways to various market
places.
3. For example, Detroit is also well served by a rail network and thus, an efficient rail and water
transport system compete with each other, connecting the production centres with market
areas. This gave the steel manufacturing an excellent advantage by reducing the cost of
transportation.
Q.9. Write about textile industry.
OR
Q. Why Spinning mills were earlier located near sea coasts? Why this is not a factor for textile
industry? (Point 2 whole)
Ans:
1. Textile industry started as a cottage industry but today it is one of the important industries,
employing the largest number of workers.
2. Spinning mills were earlier located near sea coasts to facilitate import and sea coast
provide a humid climate, which is needed for spinning the thread lest it breaks. Today,
however, with a good transport network and better machines like humidifiers, this is not a
limiting factor.
3. World Producers: Raw wool comes mostly from Australia, New Zealand, Argentina and
South Africa. Silk textiles are best produced in China, Japan, Korea, India, USA, France,
Malaysia and Sri Lanka. India and Bangladesh lead in the production of jute as they are
major producers of this raw material.
 4. Indian Industries: Although cotton textile centres are found all over the country, Mumbai in
Maharashtra and Ahmedabad in Gujarat are well-known. Ahmedabad is called the
'Manchester of India'.
Q.10. Write about the chemical Industry. What is the need for chemical industry?
Ans:
1. The chemical industry produces chemicals needed in agriculture, metallurgy and manufacture
of glass, leather, textile, sugar and medicines. They are used in manufacture of plastics,
synthetic fibre, explosives, detergents, fertilisers, pesticides and a variety of other substances.
2. World Producers: The industry is well developed in USA, Germany, Britain, Japan, China
and India.
3. Indian Industries: The chemical industry is centered near cities such as Delhi, Bengaluru,
Mumbai and Kolkata.
Q.11. Write about the Engineering Industry
Ans:
1. The engineering industry uses steel to make industrial and agricultural equipments, electrical
goods, textile machines, computers, turbines and transformers. Transport equipments like
cars, buses, trucks and railway coaches also fall under engineering industry.
2. World distribution: Japan, Russia, Germany and USA are the leading producers.
3. In India, engineering industries have come up in Bhopal, Bengaluru, Pinjore and Haridwar.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd., and Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd., are some
engineering undertakings of our country.
Q.12. Write the characteristics of developing country.
Ans;
1. Most developing countries have an agricultural economy, with the industrial sector in its
nascent(earliest) stage.
2. The literacy rate is low, population is large and resources are inefficiently exploited.
Q.13. Write about Detroit city. How Detroit became the major industrial sector?
OR
Q. Which factors facilitates automobile industry in Detroit.
Ans: Detroit, located in Michigan (USA) near Lake Erie, is an important centre of iron and steel
production in the world. It became very strong for manufacturing automobile parts and assembly,
machine tools, chemicals and their pharmaceuticals.
1. This city developed because of its strategic location as a port on the Great Lakes shipping
route.
2. Detroit is well-connected to world markets in Europe and Asia.
3. Detroit is a lake port with enough land in the surrounding areas. This facilitated expansion.
4. It is also well served by a rail network.
5. Detroit also has an advantage with regard to availability of raw material and sufficient labour.
 6. Water in the required quantities is available from Lake Erie. The Niagara Falls provides
ample hydroelectric power for the operation of the industry.
Q.14. Write about TISCO and its full form.
Ans:
1. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in Jamshedpur established in 1907, is still the second
largest producer in the country.
2. It is the only major Indian steel plant in the private sector. It is located at Sakchi in the
present-day state of Jharkhand.
3. The industrial township that developed around the steel plant was called Tatanagar or
Jamshedpur, named after its founder Jamsetji Tata.
4. The town is located near the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers.
5. The Jamshedpur steel plant is the tenth(10th ) largest producer of steel in the world.
Q.15. Write about the textile industry
Ans:
1. Textile industry includes the production of cloth various fibres.
2. The change from handmade production to machine-made goods occurred first in
England.
3. Cotton is the most used fibre for the production of cloth.
Q.16. Where did the first modern mill was set up in India ?
Ans: The first modern mill was set up in Mumbai in 1854.
Q.17. Where were Calico mills established?
Ans: Calico mills were established in Ahmedabad in 1863
Q.18. Name the second largest textile city of India?
Ans: The city of Ahmedabad is the second largest textile city of India. Modern mills were established
at Ahmedabad in 1859.
Q.19. Which factor facilitate textile industry in Osaka?
Ans: Osaka is known as the Manchester of Japan.
1. The extensive plains around Osaka provide enough land for factories and mills.
2. Location on the sea coast was ideal for importing raw cotton from India, China, Egypt and
USA, and for exporting finished goods.
3. The coastal location also provides the natural humid climate necessary in the spinning of
thread.
4. Water power was developed properly to supply cheap, convenient and reliable source of
electricity. The River Yodo supplies water to the textile mills.
Q.20. What factor is responsible for the decline of textile industries in Osaka?
Ans: The rise of other industries such as iron and steel machinery, shipbuilding, automobile, electric
equipment and cement industry around Osaka have resulted in the decline of textile industries.
Q.21. Write about the textile industries in ahmedabad.
 OR
Q. Write about the textile industry in India
Ans: Ahmedabad, on the banks of River Sabarmati, is the largest textile centre in Gujarat, and
second largest textile centre in India. Ahmedabad is often referred to as the Manchester of
India.
Q.22. Textile industry is a market oriented industry. Justify giving example. (Book E.3)
Ans: Textile industry is a market oriented industry because
1. Most of textile industries are near that place where are the favourable climatic conditions are
available.
2. They need warm and moist climate , availiblity of raw materials and skilled labours. These
industries include fibres like silk , cotton , linen and jute.
3. Example : These industries are set up on favourable and available locations such as India
( Mumbai, Ahemdabad ), Japan ( Osaka ) .
Q.23. Write about the Information Technology(IT) industry.
Ans:
1. Computers, satellites and other modern means of communication have helped in the
development of information technology
2. It allows the ability to store, process and distribute information at a great speed.
3. Today, this industry has become global. Two leading centres of IT growth are Silicon
Valley in the USA and Bengaluru in India.
Q.24. Write about the Silicon Valley.
OR
Q. Where is Silicon Valley located? How did it gets its name?(only point 1 & 2) (book E.6)
Ans:
1. Silicon Valley is the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in northem California, in
the United State.
2. Originally known for its fruit growing orchards, it has developed into a high-tech region
and gets its name.
3. Silicon Valley is a part of Santa Clara Valley.
4. The foundation of IT industries was laid here by Professor Frederick Emmons Terman.
5. It has a Mediterrancan type of climate with mild wet winters and bot dry summers, which has
made it a lucrative place for investors.
Q.25. Which factor facilitates/helps in the growth of Silicon Valley as a IT industry hub?
Ans:
1. It is located close to the major roads and airports and thus, has a good access to markets.
2. Plenty of space is available for future expansion.
3. Silicon Valley has the advantage of investments and funding of risky ventures.
 4. Availability of trained graduates in engineering, computers and related fields, and the
research and development facility at Stanford University, helps the industry to grow fast.
5. An important aspect of Silicon Valley is that it has absorbed foreign engineers from India and
China.
Q.26. Write about the Information Technology in Bengaluru (India). Why it is called Silicon
Valley of India? What factors makes/ helps Bengaluru an IT hub?
OR
Q. Write a short note on IT industry in India. What are its future prospects? (BOOK F.4)
Ans: Bengaluru, the capital of Karnataka is often referred to as the Silicon Valley of India,
because it is a major industrial centre of information technology with the highest number of software
companies and a major share of software export from India.
1. The climate of Bengaluru is moderate and this attracts foreign companies, who prefer it over
places with a hot tropical climate.
2. This city has the existing infrastructure of a good transport network.
3. (Suitable conditions for research and development exists here). Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Indian Institute of Science
were already well-established here.
4. Karnataka has the highest number of engineering colleges, besides numerous software-
training centres. So, trained workers are available easily.
5. (The Karnataka state government took measures to attract IT companies as it announced its
IT Policy in 1992.) Bengaluru has earned the title of the fourth best Global Hub of
Technological Innovation by the United Nations.
Suitable economic, social infrastructure and the highest number of working software professionals
make future of IT industry bright in India. It has a very good scope in Space research, Drone
technology, communication, e-commerce etc.