‫األكاديمية الهندية لحلق ات القر آن‬

‫الكريم والسنة‬ THE INDIAN ACADEMY FOR

NOBLE QUR’AN AND HADEETH CLASS

Qur’an Padanam (Grade:7)

Lesson: 4, Duties of a Muslim

Summary:
Your Lord has commanded: that you worship none but Him. Do good to your parents. If
one of them or both have aged and are with you, don’t even say “uff” (an expression of
anger or contempt) to them. Do not talk rudely to them. Talk to both of them with
respect. Kindly bring down for them the wings of humility. And along with that pray for
them: “My Lord, be merciful to them as they have brought me up in my childhood”.
Your Lord knows best what is in your hearts. If you are righteous then He is Most
Forgiving to those who turn to Him for repentance. Give the close relative his right.
And for the needy and the wayfarer. But don’t spend recklessly. Surely squanderers are
brothers of Shaitans. And the Shaitan is very ungrateful to his Lord. And if you turn
away from them looking for a bounty you are expecting from you Lord, then speak to
them in polite words. And do not keep your hand tied to your neck, nor extend it to its
full extent. Otherwise you will be sitting criticized and empty handed. Your Lord will
give lot of bounty to whomever He wills. And He constricts for some others. Surely, He
is All Aware of His servants, and All Seeing.

Translation

َ
َْ‫عُب ُ دوْا ِإاَّل ِإَّيـاهُاَّل َتَضىَ رُّب َ ك َأوق‬
Your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him
ْ ‫ي‬
ِ‫ن ِإْ حَ سانا َِولَ ْد ِالَوب‬
And do good to your parents
َ َ
ْْ‫وِ كاَل ُ هَ ماَحُ دُ هَ ما أِكَب َ ر أِإَّ ما َيْ بُلَغَّ نِ عَندَ ك ال‬
Gr.7 /Notes- Qur’an Padanam / Chapter -4- Duties of a Muslim (Page 1 of 7)
If any one of them or both of them reach old age
َ ُ
َّ ‫فُهَ مآ أفاَل َتُقل‬
ٍّ‫ل‬
Do not say to them “uff”
َ‫واَل َْتنَ هْ رُ هَ ما‬
And do not scold them
ُ َ ‫ك‬
َّ ‫والَ ِري مُاهَ ما َقوقل‬
ْ‫ل‬
And address them with respectful words.
ُّ ‫ل‬
َِ‫َ واْ خِ فْ ض ل‬-‫مَ ن الَّ رْ حَ مِ ة ُِهَ ماَ جَناَ ح الذ‬
And submit yourself before them in humility out of compassion
ُ
َ‫وقلَّ رِ ب اْ رَ حْ مُ هَ ماَ َكماَ رَّبَياِنىَ ِصغي را‬
And say, “My Lord, be merciful to them as they have brought me up in my childhood”.
‫ك‬ َ ‫كم‬
ِ َ‫ما ِفى ُنُفوِ سُ ْ ُم ْبعلََّرُّب ُ ْم أ‬
Your Lord knows best what is in your hearts.
َ‫صِـلِ حيَ نِإن َت ُ كوُنوْا‬
If you are righteous,
َ
َ ‫يَ ن غُفورا َّواِبإَّنُهَ كاَ نِ الٌّل‬
ِ‫ف‬
Then He is Most Forgiving to those who turn to Him for repentance
ُ ْ
ْ‫رَبىَ حَّقُها القَوَ ءاِ ت َذ‬
Give the relative his right,
‫ل‬
ِْ‫ِِيمْ ِس كيَ نَ واْ بَ ن الَّ سَبوال‬
And the needy and the wayfarer
َ
ْ‫ِبذي راِْ ر َتواَل ُتَبذ‬
And do not squander recklessly.
ْ ‫ذ‬
ِ‫نْخوَاَ ن الَّ شَيـِ طُيمَب ِريَ نَ كانُوْا ِإَّن الِإ‬
Surely squanderers are brothers of satans,
 َ
ِ ِ‫هَ كُفو رَاوَ كاَ ن الَّ ْش ي طـُ نِ لَ رب‬
And the Shaitan is very ungrateful to his Lord
‫ه‬ ‫ع‬
ْ‫رُ جوَ هَ وِإَّ ما ُت اْ ِرَ ضَّ نَ ْعنُ ُ م اْ بِتَغآَ ءَ رْ حَ مٍّ ةِ منَّ رب‬
‫َت‬ ‫ك‬
َِ
And if you turn away from them looking for a bounty you are expecting from your
َّ َ ‫ه‬
Lord َّ‫ف‬
َ ‫مْ يُ سو راْوالُ ْ م قُقل ل‬

Gr.7 /Notes- Qur’an Padanam / Chapter -4- Duties of a Muslim (Page 2 of 7)

then, speak unto them a soft, kind word.
َ ُ َ
ِ‫قَ كِإلىُ عنَواَل َت ْ جَعْ ل َيَ دَ كَ مْ غُلولة‬
And do not keep your hand tied to your neck
ْ ْ
‫َب ْ سِ ْطبُ س طَ هاُ كَّ ل الَواَل َت‬
Nor extend it to the full extent
ْ
َ‫َت قُعَ دَ مُلو ماَّ مْ حُ سورا ف‬
Lest you will be sitting criticized, empty handed.
ُ
ِ ‫رْ زَ قِ لَ من َيَ شآُ َّءنَ رَّب َ ك َيْ بُ س ط الِإ‬
Indeed your Lord makes plentiful the provisions for whomsoever He wills
ْ
‫ِقُدَر وَي‬
And constricts (for whomsoever He wills)
‫را‬
ِ‫ِِ عَبِاِدهَ خبِإَّنُهَ كاَ ن ب‬
‫ي را َب ِ صي‬
Surely, He is All Aware of His servants, All Seeing.
Vocabulary: (the underlined Arabic word’s translations are also

underlined) EXPLANATION

These Ayaahs (verses) are from Surah Al Isra’a 23 – 30.

This chapter was revealed just before Hijra, when the Prophet (PBUH) was in the final
stage of his life in Makkah. This chapter includes a warning for the disbelievers of
Makkah, the people of Madinah who were about to receive the Prophet and the Banu
Israel (sons of Israel). Along with that some of the basic foundations of the Islamic
system are also mentioned.
“Ibadah” means to accept Allah as the Lord and the One worthy of worship and to spent
your life in submission to Him. The word “Ibadah” includes worship, slavery and
obedience. Ibadah should only be for Allah and no one else should be associated with
Him, is part of the basic principles of Islam.
Along with the reference of the duty of man towards Allah, Allah has commanded man
to behave nicely to parents. Parents are the reason for man’s birth and they have tended
and raised him by suffering many difficulties and losses. Islam sees the duties of
children towards parents with great importance. Everyone is familiar with the Prophet’s
saying “Heaven lies under mothers’ feet”

Gr.7 /Notes- Qur’an Padanam / Chapter -4- Duties of a Muslim (Page 3 of 7)

In the Hadeeth we can see the Prophet referring repeatedly as ‘cursed’ to the person
who had the chance to take care of one of his parents or both in their old age but could
not enter paradise because of not doing his duty.
A few more instructions on how to be good to your parents are following. We cannot
talk to them in the language of hate when old age befalls them. Even though this is
applicable at all times, it is only natural that many things which is unappealing to the
young kids can happen from the parents side during old age. That must be why the old
age is specially mentioned. You should never behave harshly to them and you should
talk to them with humbleness only.
“Lower to them the wings of mercy” is a figurative way of saying, behave with mercy or
compassion. Haven’t you seen the bird that spreads and opens its wings and puts its
young one inside it out of its compassion for its child? Likewise, parents have to be
protected by their children. Not only that we have to always pray for our parents,
“Rabbirhamhuma kamaa rabbayaani sagheera”. It is also clear from Hadeeth that the
duties towards parents do not end with their death.
It’s a known fact that your creator clearly knows what is in your minds. However, here
it has a relation to the subject discussed before. Your behavior towards your parents
should not be just false pretensions, but you have to look after them with all your heart.
This could be the context of this ayah. Now if we had committed mistakes in our
approaches towards them then be doers of good. Allah is the One who erases the sins of
people who sincerely repent to him.
After telling about the duties towards parents, the Quran enlightens us about our duties
towards our relatives, travelers and the needy. They also have a right on our wealth and
provisions. We have to give it to them accordingly. ‘Miskeen’ is a person who finds it
difficult to live due to financial constraints but conceals his difficulties from others.
Even if the wayfarer may be a wealthy man in his country, he would need help during
 his travels.
Another thing that we should be careful about in these situations is that we should never
spend excessively. The Shaitan who disobey Allah and are thankless to Him are the
brothers of the squanderers.
At times when we should help others, sometimes, our condition might not be good. We
might also be in need of money sometimes. Even the wealthy people might be in need
of money sometimes. In these situations, we are instructed to talk politely to those who
come to us requesting for help.
‘Tie the hand on the neck’ is a fancy way of saying miserly and ‘extend completely’
refers to the squandering or spending recklessly. Muslim is a person who takes a middle

Gr.7 /Notes- Qur’an Padanam / Chapter -4- Duties of a Muslim (Page 4 of 7)

stand not only in the spending of wealth but also in everything else. The Quran has
warned us that when miserliness or extravagance comes into your life you will be
criticized and empty handed.
Allah is the one who provides life provisions. And He is the one who is clearly aware of
His servants. He knows to whom He should give more provisions and to whom should
He give less. Only He has the authority to decide that. There is no one who can
influence or cross over His decisions.

EXERCISE
Find the answers:
Let’s find out the meanings of these fancy sentences that has been used in the
Quran: 1. Bring down the wings of humility with compassion
Ans. “Lower to them the wings of mercy” is a figurative way of saying, behave with
mercy or compassion. Like a bird that spreads opens its wings and puts its young one
inside it out of its compassion for its child? Likewise parents have to be protected by
their children.
2. Tie hands to the neck
Ans. ‘Tie the hand on the neck’ is a fancy way of saying miserly
3. Extend hands completely
Ans. ‘extend completely’ refers to the squandering or spending recklessly.
Let’s learn the Dua:
1. Let us by heart two du’as that we can recite daily for our parents.
What are the duties:
1. What is the Muslim’s duty towards Allah?
Ans. To believe in Him without associating anything to Him. To worship Him by
obeying His commands
2. When our parents are with us in their old age, what is our duty towards them? Ans. We
should never behave harshly to them and we should talk to them with humbleness only.
3. What are the duties of the people that Allah has blessed with wealth? Ans. To give the
relative the needy, the wayfarer their rights, and do not squander recklessly

Gr.7 /Notes- Qur’an Padanam / Chapter -4- Duties of a Muslim (Page 5 of 7)

Essay
Islamic View on Extravagance )‫)التبذير‬
Islam is a religion which has set forth a program for every facet of human life and has advised balance
and moderation to its followers in all affairs. Islam has set the legitimate enjoyment of divine blessings
as permissible and it has also set waste and extravagance as being impermissible. These limits have
been set for the reason that all Muslims, in light of their social positions and wealth, have a
responsibility towards the human society in which they live. If people were to be wasteful and
extravagant, they would be harming that society, in addition, they would develop and cultivate
negative personal characteristics which would be destructive to them on an individual level. In order to
fully understand the subject of waste (Tabdheer) and extravagance (Israaf), it is first necessary to
explain these two terms and then delve into the various facets of this issue in light of the teachings and
precepts of Islam.

Certainly! Here’s a version with simpler words while keeping the word count close to the original:
Islamic View on Extravagance (‫)التبذير‬
Islam is a religion that has given guidance for every part of human life and has advised balance and
moderation to its followers in all matters. Islam allows people to enjoy God’s blessings in a fair way
but considers waste and extravagance to be wrong. These rules are set because all Muslims, based on
their role and wealth, have a duty to the society they live in. If people become wasteful and
extravagant, they would harm that society, and it would also create bad personal traits that could
harm them individually. To fully understand waste (Tabdheer) and extravagance (Israaf), it is first
important to explain these two words and then look at the different sides of this topic based on the
teachings of Islam.

Extravagance (Israaf/Thabdeer)

Israaf means going too far and exceeding the limits in various issues; it is contrary to that of
moderation. Meaning of the Israaf is: 'Any action which an individual performs which exceeds the
limits ‘. Therefore, it can also be said that israaf is any useless action or any action which exceeds the
natural limits, whether it relates to excess in quantity or in quality. Based upon this, it is clear that
 Israaf does not only relate to food and drink or even to financial matters alone; it is much more
comprehensive in meaning. It can also be stated that israaf can relate to any excess in behavior,
emotions, or spirit; it can also relate to any excess in ethical, cultural, or social characteristics. This
description makes the individual duty of a Muslim very heavy for it brings the issue of waste and
connects it with every single facet of human life.

The Behavior of the Brothers of Satan

Those who do israaf are considered as the brothers of Satan; these individuals showcase various types
of behavior in different times and circumstances. Those who do israaf on purpose and with full
knowledge are considered as being one with Satan. An individual who wastes in regards to the public
treasury, his life, and his day to day expenditures with full knowledge and awareness is considered as
َّ
being far from the reality of religion and he cannot be considered as being on the straight path (the َِ‫حقُه‬
َ
‫ ْإِبذيراِ ْ ر ِتلَ و ال ُتَبذ َِيو اْ بَ ن الَّ سب‬،

َِ‫مْ سِ کيَ نَ و آِ ت ذ‬
ْ
Sirat al-Mustaqim). The Quran has mentioned: ' ‫ربْىا الُق‬
َّ‫ال‬
ْ ‫نَ و‬
ْ
ِ ِ ‫'هَ کُفورا ِنَ و کاَ ن الَّ شيطاُ نِ لَ رب ْخواَ ن الَّ شياِ ط ِِيريَ ن کاُنوا ُِإمَبذ ال‬, which means: Give the
relatives their [due] right, and the needy and the traveller [as well], but do not squander wastefully.
Indeed, the wasteful are brothers of satans, and Satan is ungrateful to his Lord.

In the aforementioned verses, the doers of israaf are considered as being the brothers of Satan and of
being one with him. This issue has been explained by the words of Luqman(AS) to his son: There exist
three signs in the doer of israaf: he buys what is not (appropriate) for him (meaning what is beyond his
position and status), he wears what is not for him (doesn't suit him), and eats what is not for him
(doesn't match his status)."

Gr.7 /Notes- Qur’an Padanam / Chapter -4- Duties of a Muslim (Page 6 of 7)

The Harms of Israaf for the individual
1- Physical harm to the body: exceeding the limits in eating and drinking bring great harm to the body.
According to physicians today, overeating and drinking too much are one of the main causes of
various illnesses and diseases. This is something which was emphasized by the Imams (a) many
centuries ago. The Quran also warns the believers against israaf in eating and drinking: ' ‫ال و ش‬
ْ‫ََو ا‬
ُ
‫َرُبواوُاکل‬
ُ ‫س‬ ْ ‫س‬
ُ‫ ُإت‬،‫'مْ ِرِفینَِّنُه ال یِ حُّ ب اْل ِرفوا‬, which means: '… eat and drink, but do not waste; indeed, He
does not like the wasteful.'

2- The wrath of God: '‫' المسرفین الیحب انه‬which means: 'God does not love those who do israaf'. 3- A
decrease in blessings: Israaf causes the blessings to decrease in one's life and to eventually die out ‫َب َ ر‬
ْ ‫ْا اال ع م‬ َّ
‫ َ'ِکة‬:completely‫َ َ َّن ِ ا‬ ‫الةِلق ِف سر‬َ ', which means: Israaf comes hand in hand with a decrease in the
blessings.
 ‫س‬ ‫ه‬ ‫هدی‬
3- Being deprived of guidance: God tells the doers of israaf: '‫َ مْ نُ َوُ مْ ِرٌ ف‬ ْ‫ٌب َّانََّّ لَال ال َی‬
َّ
‫'کذِإ‬,which
َ means: Verily God does not guide the doers of israaf and the liars.

4- Poverty: The most important economic aspect of israaf is that of poverty; this is because israaf
involves the waste of limited resources and thus naturally becomes a threat to human life.
ْ
5- Destruction: Israaf in any form sends people towards destruction. The Quran has detailed this reality ْ
‫َأ و‬
‫ 'هلَْ کَنا ال َ ُء شا‬, which means: 'Then We fulfilled
‫و‬ ‫ْ ه م الم‬ َ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬
ْ ‫َ جیناُ ْ مَوْ عَد َفأناُ ُ َّ َ صَد‬
َ ‫ ' َ مْ ن َن‬:way following the inْ‫ق‬
‫س‬
ُ‫ُ مْ ِر ث فِین‬
Our promise to them, and We delivered them and whomever We wished, and We destroyed the
profligates.'

6- Punishment in the next world: Those who exceed the divinely set limits and consider them as being
unimportant will be punished in the next world. The Quran has mentioned the following in this regard:
‫جزی‬ َ ‫سرف‬ ‫أ َع ب ا ه ت‬ ‫َ َأ َْ خ‬
ْ‫شدلِ َ رِة َو ل َذاُ ِِ ِآیاِ َ رب ْم یْ ؤِ مْ ن ْب َ َ َ و لَوَ کِذلَ ک َن ْ ِ َ مْ ن أ‬
ُّْ ‫بقى'و‬
َ ', which means:
'Thus do We requite him who is a profligate and does not believe in the signs of his Lord. And the
punishment of the Hereafter is severer and more lasting.'

The Social Harms of Israaf

Israaf has the following social consequences:
1- The destruction of social wealth and resources: Israaf wastes social resources such as: oil and
minerals, no matter how great these resources may be.
2- The decline of societal morals and ethics: The improper use and waste of resources pulls humanity
towards corruption and societal destruction.
3- The creation of class strife and struggle: One of the causes behind the creation of class strife is that of
israaf. This is because some individuals, with their high levels of wealth, believe that they can spend
this wealth in any manner in which they please, even if this goes against the rules of Islam and their
society. Overtime, this attitude helps to first create classes and then to create strife and rancor between
them.

4- The decline of governments: Another one of the social consequences of israaf is the decline of
governments. Ibn Khaldun, one of the Muslim sociologists, has mentioned that whenever a
government would become afflicted with israaf and extravagance, it would soon fall into decline.

Gr.7 /Notes- Qur’an Padanam / Chapter -4- Duties of a Muslim (Page 7 of 7)