TISSUES NOTES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Students will be able to:
• classify the main types of plant tissues: meristematic, permanent (simple
and complex).
• explain the structure and characteristics of different plant tissues, such as
parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, and phloem.
• compare and contrast the functions of xylem and phloem in transporting
water and nutrients.
1. What is a tissue?
Ans: It is a group of cells similar in origin and arrangement, they are
specialized to perform a particular function.
2. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?
Ans: Difference between simple tissues and complex tissues in plants
is given below:
Simple Tissues Complex Tissues
Consist of more than one type
Consist of only one type of cells
of cells.
To perform a particular function To perform a particular function
all cells of simple tissue work as cell of complex tissue, work as
individual units. a single unit.
3. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on
the basis of their cell wall.
Ans: Difference between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma
on the basis of their cell wall is given below:
Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
Thin cell walls and Cell walls are thick at Cell wall is very
are made up of corners and made up thick and made up
cellulose of cellulose of lignin
4. What are the functions of the stomata?
Ans: The functions of stomata are:
I. Gaseous exchange with the atmosphere.
II. Transpiration (formation of water vapours for the removal of excess water)
5. What are meristematic and permanent tissue?
Ans:
Meristematic Tissue: dividing tissue is the reason for growth of plants occurs
only in specific regions this is also known as meristematic tissue. Apical,
lateral and intercalary are the classification of the meristematic tissues.
Permanent Tissue: The cells formed by meristematic tissue later lose the
ability to divide as a result permanent tissue is formed. The process of taking
up a permanent shape, size, and a function is called differentiation; this also
leads to the development of permanent tissues.
6. Water hyacinth floats on the water surface. Explain.
Ans: Water hyacinth floats on the surface of water due to presence of
aerenchyma. It is a special form of parenchyma, which contains air cavities.
It provides buoyancy because of the air trapped inside which helps water
hyacinth in floating because of the air trapped inside.
7. Describe different types of meristems.
Ans: Based on their location in the plant body, meristems are of three types.
a) Apical meristems – Occurs at the growing tips of roots and shoots and
brings about an increase in length of the plant
b) Lateral meristems – It occurs on the sides almost parallel to the long axis
of the root, stem and its branches. Brings about an increase in the width or
girth of the stem or root.
c) Intercalary meristems – located near to the node. Cells are very active,
and have dense cytoplasm and thin cellulose. lack of vacuoles in intercalary
meristems.
8. Why is epidermis important for the plants?
Ans: Epidermis is the Outer protective covering of plants:
• Epidermis is covered with a waterproof coating or layer called cuticle
which can reduce water loss.
• It also helps in the exchange of gases by the small pores called
stomata.
SUCCESS CRITERIA
• I can accurately identify and label the different types of plant
tissues (meristematic, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma,
xylem, and phloem)
• I can compare and contrast the roles of xylem and phloem in the
transport of water and nutrients.
• I can create detailed diagrams illustrating the structure and
organization of different plant tissues.
