VELAMMAL VIDYALAYA, ALAPAKKAM.

BIOLOGY QUESTION BANK

CLASS :IX TISSUES

1. Define tissues
ANS: A group of similar cells that are organized together to perform a specific function is called
tissues.
2. What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Ans: Tissues provide structural strength, mechanical strength, show division of labour.
3. Why does an organism—plant or animal, require different types of cells in the body?
Ans: Any organism will have a wide range of cell types. This is because each cell type specialises in
one particular function. And for the proper working of an organism many functions like food
transport, immunity, strength, etc., are needed to be performed properly.
4. Classify plant tissues

5. .Where is apical meristem found?

Ans: Apical meristem is found at the tip of root or shoot of the plant
6. What is responsible for increase in girth of the stem or root?
Ans: The girth of the stem or root increases due to lateral meristem (cambium).
7. What happens to the cells formed by meristematic tissue?
Ans: The cells formed by meristematic tissue take up a specific role and lose their ability to divide. As
a result, they form a permanent tissue. This process of taking up a permanent shape, size and function
is called differentiation.
8. Write a short note on ‘phellogen’.
Ans: As plants grow older, the outer protective tissue undergoes certain changes. A layer of secondary
meristem develops which is called as phellogen. It is also known as cork cambium. It replaces
epidermis of stem and roots.
9. Give reason why Meristematic cells have a prominent nucleus and dense cytoplasm but they
lack vacuole ANS:
Meristematic cells are continuously dividing cells so they have a prominent nucleus and dense
cytoplasm. But since these cells do not store food material or waste materials, they lack vacuole.
10. If the tip of a sugarcane plant is removed from the field, even then it keeps on growing in
length. Why?
Ans:Removing the tip of the sugarcane does not remove the intercalary meristem of the plant. It is this
meristem which increases the length of the plant.
 11. The root tips of a plant were cut and the plant was replanted. What will happen to the plant
and why?
Ans: The plant will die within few days of replanting it. This is because since the root tips are cut, the
roots won’t grow because of absence of meristematic tissue. And if the roots will not grow, proper
absorption of water and minerals will not occur.

12. What is a permanent tissue?

Ans: Permanent tissues are derived from meristematic tissue but their cells have lost the power of
division and have attained their definite forms.

13. Classify permanent tissues

Ans: Permanent tissues are classified into the following two types:
(i) Simple permanent tissue
(ii) Complex permanent tissue
(i) Simple permanent tissues: These tissues are composed of cells which are structurally and
functionally similar.

14. Classify simple permanent tissues

Ans :Simple permanent tissues are further classified into the following three types:

Parenchyma: Parenchyma forms the bulk of the plant body. Parenchyma cells are living and possess the
power of division. Collenchyma: Collenchyma tissue is also living.
It is characterised by the deposition of extra cellulose at the corners of the cells.
Sclerenchyma: Sclerenchyma cells are dead cells and they are devoid of protoplasm. The cell walls of
sclerenchyma are largely thickened with deposition of lignin.

14. Water hyacinth floats on water surface.

Ans:Aerenchyma present in the swollen petiole provides buoyancy to the hyacinth. Thus, it floats on water
surface.

15. What is complex permanent tissue?

Ans:Complex permanent tissues: The complex tissues consist of more than one type of cells having a common
origin. All these cells coordinate to perform a common function.

16. Classify simple permanent tissues

Ans:Complex tissues are of the following two types:

Xylem: Xylem is a vascular and mechanical tissue. It is a conducting tissue. Xylem is composed of four different
types of cells: (i) Tracheids (ii) Vessels (Hi) Xylem parenchyma (iv) Xylem sclerenchyma.The cells have thick
walls, and many of them are dead. Tracheids and vessels are tubular structures. This allows them to transport
water and mineral vertically upwards. The parenchyma stores food and helps in the lateral conduction of water.
Fibres are mainly supportive in function.Except xylem parenchyma, all other xylem elements are dead and bounded
by thick lignified walls.

Phloem: Like xylem, phloem is also vascular but has no mechanical function. Phloem is composed of following
five elements: (i) Sieve tubes (ii) Sieve cells (iii) Companion cells (iv) Phloem parenchyma (v) Phloem fibres.Write
a short note on phloem. Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated walls. Phloem transports food from leaves to
other parts of the plant. Except for phloem fibres, all the phloem cells are living.Xylem and phloem are both
conducting tissues and are also known as vascular tissues. Together, both of them constitute vascular bundle.
17. Differentiate between meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.
Answer:

18. Differentiate between sclerenchyma and parenchyma tissues. Draw well labelled diagram.
Ans:

19. Differentiate between parenchyma and collenchyma.

Ans:
20. Differentiate between collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Ans:

21. Name a plant tissue having dead cells.

Ans:Sclerenchyma

22. Name the water conducting tissue generally present in gymnosperms.

Ans:Tracheids

23. Which tissue in plants provides them flexibility?

Ans:Collenchyma

24. Which tissue make up the husk of coconut?

Ans: Sclerenchyma.

25. What are the constituents of phloem?

Ans: Phloem constitutes the sieve tubes, companion cell, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.

26.Name the different components of xylem and draw a living component.

Ans: Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. The only living component of
xylem is xylem parenchyma.

27. What is lignin?

Ans:Lignin is a chemical substance present in the cell wall of plants which acts as a cement and hardens if.

28. What is cutin?

Ans: Cutin is a chemical substance with waterproof quality covering the aerial parts of plants.
29. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues? How are they different from one other ?
Ans:Xylem and phloem are called as complex tissues as they are made up of more than one type of cells. Following
are the differences between xylem and phloem:

2. Phloem
1. Xylem

4. 1. Phloem consists of living cells (except

3. 1. Xylem mainly consists of dead cells
phloem fibre).
(except xylem parenchyma).

6. 2. It translocates prepared food from leaves to

5. 2. It conducts water and minerals from
storage organs and growing parts of the body.
roots to aerial parts of the plant.

30. Tissue A and tissue B constitute tissue C. A carries water while B carries food for the plants. Identify
A, B, C.
Ans: A. Xylem B. Phloem C. Vascular bundles

31. Give reasons:.

(a) Intercellular spaces are absent in sclerenchymatous tissues.
(b) We get a crunchy and granular feeling when we chew pear fruit.
(c) Branches of a tree move and bend freely in high wind velocity.
(d) It is difficult to pull out the husk of a coconut tree.
Ans: (a) Sclerenchyma cells have lignified cell walls which makes them compact and leaves no intercellular
spaces.
(b) Pear has sclerenchymatous stone cells which are granular in texture. Hence, we get the crunchy and granular
feeling while chewing a pear.
(c) The branches of a tree have collenchyma cells which provide tensile strength to plant parts. So, it move and
bend freely when wind blows.
(d) The husk of a coconut tree is made up of sclerenchyma cells which have lignified cell walls. Lignin makes
the cells compact and leaves no intercellular spaces.

32. Which structure protects the plant body against the invasion of parasites?
Ans: The epidermis has thick cuticles and waxy substances to prevent the invasion of parasites.

33. What is the role of epidermis in plants?

Ans: The epidermis in plants forms an uninterrupted and continuous layer that has no intercellular spaces. It
provides protection.

34. Why is the epidermis present as a thick waxy coating of cutin in desert plants?
Ans: A thick waxy coating of cutin is present in desert plants to prevent excessive loss of water during
transpiration. Due to this, plants can survive in scarcity of water in deserts

35. Describe the structure and function of stomata.

Ans: Stomata are small pores present in the epidermis of leaves and are enclosed by two kidney-shaped cells
 called guard cells.
Function of stomata:
Necessary for exchanging gases with the atmosphere during photosynthesis and respiration.
Transpiration, i.e., loss of water in the form of water vapour takes place through them.

36. If a potted plant is covered with a glass jar, water vapour appears on the wall of the glass jar. Why?
Ans: This happens because of transpiration due to which water is released from the plant in the form of water
vapour which appears on the glass jar.

37. In desert plants, how does the rate of loss of water get reduced?
Ans: Presence of cuticle on the surface of desert plants reduce the rate of loss of water.

38. Presence of which chemical in cork cells makes them impervious to water and gases?
Ans: Suberin

39. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?

Ans: The outer protective layer or bark of a tree is known as the cork. It is made up of dead cells. Therefore, it
protects the plant against mechanical injury, temperature extremes, etc. It also prevents the loss of water by
evaporation.

40. List the characteristics of cork. How are they formed?

Ans: The characteristics of cork are as follows:

 Cells of cork are dead at maturity.

 These cells are compactly arranged.
 Cells do not posses intercellular spaces.
 Cells possess a chemical substance ‘suberin’ in their walls.
 There are several thick layers.
As plants grow older, a strip of secondary meristem replaces the epidermis of the stem. Cells on the outside
are cut off from this layer. This forms the several-layer thick cork or the bark of the tree.

41. Classify animal tissues.

 42. Write a short note on epithelial tissue. Describe the functions of epithelium tissue.
Ans: The covering or protective tissue in the animal body are epithelial tissues. Epithelial tissue cells are tightly
packed and form a continuous sheet. They have only a small amount of cementing material between them and
almost no intercellular spaces. Epithelium covers most organs and cavities within the body. It forms a barrier to
keep different body systems separate. The skin, the lining of the mouth, the lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli
and kidney tubules are all made of epithelial tissue.

Functions of epithelial tissue:

 Epithelial cells protect the underlying cells from drying, injury and chemical effects. They also
protect the body from viral or bacterial infections.
 It helps in the absorption of water and nutrients.
 It performs secretary function by secreting useful chemicals like sweat, saliva, enzymes from the
food, etc., in the body.

43. What is the lining of blood vessels made up of?

(b) What is the lining of small intestine made up of?
(c) What is the lining of kidney tubules made up of?
(d) Where are the epithelial cells with cilia found?
Answer:
(a) Squamous epithelium
(b) Columnar epithelium
(c) Cuboidal epithelium
(d) Respiratory tract

44. Which tissue forms a barrier to keep different body systems separate?
Ans: Epithelial tissue

45. list out the types of epithelial tissues, location , structure and their functions.
46. What is Connective Tissue?

Ans: Connective tissues help and connect the body's various tissues and organs.

47. Describe the types of connective tissues along with their functions.
Ans: There are five types of connective tissues:
(i) Areolar connective tissue: It is a loose and cellular connective tissue. It joins skin to muscles, fills spaces inside
organs, and is found around muscles, blood vessels and nerves.
Functions:

 It acts as a supporting and packing tissue between organs lying in the body cavity.
 It helps in repair of tissues after an injury.
 It also helps in combating foreign toxins.
 It fixes skin to underlying muscles.
(ii) Dense regular connective tissue: It is a fibrous connective tissue, characterised by ordered and densely packed
collection of fibres and cells. Dense regular connective tissue is the principal component of tendons and ligaments.
Functions:

 Tendons: Tendons are cord-like, strong, inelastic structures that join skeletal muscles to bones.
 Ligament: They are an elastic structure which connects bones to bones.

(iii) Adipose tissue: Adipose tissue is basically an aggregation of fat cells. The adipose tissue is abundant below the
skin, between the internal organs and in the yellow bone marrow.
Functions:

 It serves as a fat reservoir.

 It provides shape to the limbs and the body.
 It keeps visceral organs in position.
 It forms shock-absorbing cushions around kidneys and eyeballs.
 It acts as an insulator. Being a poor conductor of heat, it reduces heat loss from body, i.e., it regulates body
temperature.

(iv) Skeletal tissue: The skeletal or supporting tissue includes bone and cartilage which form the endoskeleton of
vertebrate body.

 Cartilage: The cartilage is a specialised connective tissue which is compact and less vascular. Cartilage can
be found in ear pinna, nose tip, epiglottis, intervertebral discs, end of long bones, lower ends of ribs and rings
of trachea.
 Bone: Bone is a strong and non-flexible tissue. Like cartilage, bone is also a specialised connective tissue.

Functions:

 Cartilage provides support and flexibility to the body parts. It smoothens the surface at joints.
 Bone provides shape and skeletal support to body.
 Bone protects vital body organs such as brain, lungs, etc.
 Bone anchors the muscles.

(v) Fluid connective tissue: Fluid connective tissue links the different parts of the body and maintains continuity in
the body. It includes blood and lymph.

 Blood: In this tissue, cells move in a fluid or liquid matrix or medium called blood plasma. Blood occurs in
blood vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries which are connected together to form the circulatory
system.
 Lymph: Lymph is a colourless fluid that has been filtered out of the blood capillaries.

FUNCTIONS: Blood transports nutrients, hormones and vitamins to the tissues and transports excretory products
from the tissues to the liver and kidney.

 Lymph transports the nutrients (oxygen, glucose) that may have filtered out of the blood capillaries back into
the heart to be recirculated in the body.

Lymph brings C02 and nitrogenous wastes from tissues to the blood
48. What is the composition of the cartilage matrix?
Ans: Proteins and sugars
49. Which animal tissue helps in repair of tissue and fills the space inside the organ?
Ans: Areolar tissue
50. What is a goblet cell?
Ans: A goblet cell is a unicellular mucus secreting gland.
51. What is the name of bone cells?
Ans: Osteoblast cells
52. Which blood cells deal with immune reaction?
Ans: WBC (White blood cell)
53. What minerals is the bone matrix rich in?
Ans: Calcium and potassium
54. Give the name of the connective tissue lacking fibres.
Ans: Blood 55. A
person met with an accident in which two long bones of the hand were dislocated. What could be the reason?
Ans: Dislocation of the bones of the hand was caused due to the breakage of the ligament which connects the two
bones and keeps them in place.
56. Which cells are responsible for contraction and relaxation movements?
Ans: Muscle cells

57. What are responsible for contraction and relaxation in muscles?

Ans: Contractile proteins

58. Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site /
location in the body.

Ans: Striated, Unstriated and Cardiac muscles are three types of muscle tissues. Their Different characteristics are
as follows:
59. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
60. What are involuntary muscles? Where are they found?
Ans: The muscles which do not move on our will are called involuntary muscles. The movement of food in the
alimentary canal or the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels are involuntary movements. These muscles are
also called as smooth muscles. They are also found in the iris of the eye, in ureters and in bronchi of the lungs.

61. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles. Give one example of each type.
Ans: Voluntary muscles can be moved by the conscious will when we want them to move. For example, muscles of
limbs or skeletal muscles. Involuntary muscles function on their own. We cannot start or stop them from working
by our desire. Examples are cardiac muscles and smooth muscles.
62. Why are voluntary muscles also called skeletal muscles?
Ans: Voluntary muscles are also called skeletal muscles because they are mostly attached to the bones and help in
body movement.

63. Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary (V) or involuntary (IV) muscles.
(a) Jumping of frog
(b) Pumping of the heart
(c) Writing with hand
(d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine
Answer:
(a) V
(b) IV
(c) V
(d) IV

64. Name the muscular tissue that functions throughout life without fatigue.
Ans: Cardiac muscular tissue
65. What is a neuron? Write the structure and functions of a neuron.
Ans: Nervous tissue contains highly specialised unit cells called nerve cells or neurons. Each neuron has the
following three parts:

 The cyton or cell body: It contains a central nucleus and cytoplasm with characteristic deeply stained
particles, called Nissl granules.
 The dendrites: These are short processes arising from the cyton.
 The axon: It is a single, long, cylindrical process of uniform diameter It carries impulses away from the cell
body.

Functions:
Neurons have the ability to receive stimuli from within or outside the body and conduct impulses to different parts
of the body. The impulses travel from one neuron to another neuron and finally to the brain or spinal cord.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

PAGE NO. 69

Question 1: What is a tissue?

Answer: Tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and are organised together to perform a specific task.

Question 2: What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms?

Answer: In multicellular organisms, the body system is based on the division of labour (like muscle cells form muscular
tissue which helps in movement). It means the cells performing a specific function are grouped together to form a particular
tissue. The different tissues are organized in a way to provide the highest efficiency in the functioning of the body.

PAGE NO. 74

Question 1: Name types of simple tissues.

Answer: The types of simple tissues are as follows:

 Parenchyma

 Collenchyma

 Sclerenchyma

Question 2: Where is apical meristem found?

Answer: Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stems and roots. Their main function is to initiate growth in new
cells of seedlings, at the tip of roots, and shoots.

Question 3: Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?

Answer: The husk of a coconut is made up of sclerenchyma tissue.

Question 4: What are the constituents of phloem?

Answer: Phloem is the food conducting tissue in plants. It is made up of four components:

 Sieve tubes

 Companion cells

 Phloem parenchyma

 Phloem fibres

PAGE NO. 77

Question 1: Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.

Answer: The muscular tissue is responsible for movement in our body.

Question 2: What does a neuron look like?

Answer: A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair like parts arise. Each
neuron has a single long part called the axon, and many small, short branched parts called dendrite. An individual nerve cell is
called neuron, it may be up to a metre long.

Question 3: Give three features of cardiac muscles.

Answer: Three features of cardiac muscles are:

Question 4: What are the functions of areolar tissue?

Answer: Functions of areolar tissue:

1. It fills the space inside the organs, thus acts as a packing tissue between the organs.
2. It supports many delicate organs in the body.
3. It plays role in repair of tissues.
EXERCISES

Question 3: How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?

Answer: Simple tissues are made up of one type of cells which coordinate to perform a common function.

Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells. All these coordinate to perform a common function.

Or

Simple tissue Complex tissue

These tissues consist of only one type of

These tissues are made up of more than one type of cells.
cells.

Different types of cells perform different functions. For example, in

The cells are more or less similar in structure
the xylem tissue, tracheids help in water transport, whereas
and perform similar functions.
parenchyma stores food.

Three types of simple tissues in plants are

parenchyma, collenchyma, and Two types of complex permanent tissues in plants are xylem and
sclerenchyma.

Question 4: Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.

Answer: The differences between cell walls of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are given in the following table:

Question 5: What are the functions of Stomata?

Answer: Functions of Stomata are:

Question 6: Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.

Question 7: What is the specific function of cardiac muscle?

Answer: Cardiac muscles facilitate contraction and relaxation of heart; which results in pumping action of the heart.

Question 10: Name the following:

(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
Answer: (a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth → Epithelial tissue
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans → Dense regular connective tissue (tendons)
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants → Phloem
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body → Adipose tissue
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix → Blood
(f) Tissue present in the brain → Nervous tissue
Question 11: Identify the type of tissue in the following: Skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
Answer: Skin: Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Bark of tree: Simple permanent tissue
Bone: Connective tissue
Lining of kidney tubule: Cuboidal epithelial tissue
Vascular bundle: Complex permanent tissue
Question 12: Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
Answer: Parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue of angiospermic plants. It is present in cortex and pith of stem and roots. It
is also present in mesophyll of leaves. When it contains chlorophyll, it is called Chlorenchyma, found in green leaves.

Question 15: Complete the table:

Answer: