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Origins of Modernity

The document discusses the origins of modern philosophy between rationalism and empiricism. It begins by explaining how the Renaissance marked the beginning of the modern age by opposing medieval scholastic science and embracing humanism. This led to a growing secularization and skepticism of religious authority. Rationalism emerged as a defining characteristic of modern thought, emphasizing that reason alone is the source of knowledge rather than experience. Rationalists believed that with perfect knowledge, nature's workings could be understood through mathematical formulas and principles of necessity, making the future predictable. This contrasted with the medieval worldview of contingency outside of God.

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Juan Pablo Tumipamba Navarrete
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82 views3 pages

Origins of Modernity

The document discusses the origins of modern philosophy between rationalism and empiricism. It begins by explaining how the Renaissance marked the beginning of the modern age by opposing medieval scholastic science and embracing humanism. This led to a growing secularization and skepticism of religious authority. Rationalism emerged as a defining characteristic of modern thought, emphasizing that reason alone is the source of knowledge rather than experience. Rationalists believed that with perfect knowledge, nature's workings could be understood through mathematical formulas and principles of necessity, making the future predictable. This contrasted with the medieval worldview of contingency outside of God.

Uploaded by

Juan Pablo Tumipamba Navarrete
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODERN PHILOSOPHY /RATIONALISM AND EMPIRICISM

ORIGINS OF MODERNITY
MODERNISM 1 : a practice, usage, or expression peculiar to modern times 2 often capitalized : a tendency in theology to accommodate traditional religious teaching to contemporary thought and especially to devalue supernatural elements 3: modern artistic or literary philosophy and practice; especially : a self-conscious break with the past and a search for new forms of expression

It is difficult to determine the exact moment when a new age/era begins, and the limits given are usually conventional. However, the Modern age begins with a movement that we call Renaissance, a movement that is characterized by its opposition to philosophy and scholastic medieval science. The attitude of the early Renaissance people was simply an illusion and wishful openness to the beauty of life, to the value nature has in itself. Later the fall of Constantinople by the Turks provoked the emigration of many Byzantine knowledgeable/wise people to Western Europe, who would later spread out the knowledge of the original texts of the Greek Philosophy. (Doctrines of Plato and Aristotle)

Deep admiration for Greek culture, coupled with an absolute contempt for the medieval. Medieval art styles inspired in the Greek cannons
replaced

a New style

This literary and artistic enthusiasm, a kind of reunion of man with himself, with a zest for life, after a barren and dull period, fueled the motive that inspired the Renaissance century. However, that fetishism toward pagan antiquity/ancient times soon originated the tendency to restore a humanistic culture, a culture whose center was the man, conceived as the extent and purpose of all things, as in ancient Greece.

This kind of Humanism Humanism of Ancient Greeks15 centuries of Christianity and Theocentric Culture

Created a modern culture opposed/rejected the theocentric character


Philosophy PD Tumipamba Juan Pablo

MODERN PHILOSOPHY /RATIONALISM AND EMPIRICISM


This second negotiation constituted to modern philosophy and the whole culture, a germ of progressive secularization, which would produce, currents of anti-Christianity and atheism. At first the Christian faith was preserved, and with it an unstoppable tendency to shed the human thinking from all authority was developed; creating thus, the autonomous thinking.

New likes, ideas, aversions, and scientific orientations

(Post-Renaissance philosophical mentality)

RATIONALISM

1. The principle or habit of accepting reason as the supreme authority in matters of opinion, belief, or conduct. 2. Philosophy: a. the doctrine that reason alone is a source of knowledge and is independent of experience. 3. Theology: the doctrine that human reason, unaided by divine revelation, is an adequate or the sole guide to all attainable religious truth.

WORLD MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY RATIONALISM


(Main characteristic of Modernity)

Contingency

Essen ce No Existenc e

Necessary Being

Necessary Being

THE GOD

According to the rationalist conception, we attribute contingency to nature due to a defect in our way of seeing and perceiving things, a defect in our capacity to know. With an adequate, perfect knowledge of the things of nature, these would be seen as necessary as any mathematical preposition. Because the Universe in itself is necessary, it has a rational structure Philosophy PD Juan Pablo Tumipamba

MODERN PHILOSOPHY /RATIONALISM AND EMPIRICISM


and the key to understand is found in the mathematical symbols.

Laplace asserted when expressing the general thesis of rationalism in a very graphic way: If a maximized human intelligence got to know the state and functioning of all the atoms that make up the universe, this would clearly appear in a mathematical theorem: the future for her (maximized human Intelligence) would be predictable, and the past deductible.

Philosophy PD Tumipamba

Juan Pablo

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