3. Read each question carefully before you start answering it.
4. Electronic calculators are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Except for diagrams which must be drawn in pencil all writings should be in
blue/black ink or ball point pen.
6. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
7. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s)
This paper consists of 8 printed pages.
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SECTION A (20 marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
I. For each of the items (i)- (x) choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and
write its letter beside the item number.
(i) An experiment usually rests
A application B hypothesis C method- ./ D data E eYaluauon
(ii) Figure I shows a palisade cell.
cytoplasm - -mII
vacuole ·-l[lj\ j
'I I
Fig. 1
What structures occur in the regions indicated?
In the C}1oplasm In the vacuole
A Chloroplasts Nucleus
B Chloroplasts and nucleus Sap
c ,/ Nucleus Chloroplasts
D Sap Chloroplast and nucleus
E Nucleus and sap Chloroplast
(iii) Which substance in tobacco combines with haemoglobin to prevent the haemoglobin
·
from carrying oxygen?
A Carbon dioxide B Cart>On monoxide C Nicotine/
D Tar E Cellulose fibre.
)
ov A plant with variegated leaves was completely destarched by placing it in a dark cupboard
for 48 hours. Black paper was then fixed on one leaf as shown in Figure 2 below and the
plant was exposed to the light. After 2� hours, which region of the leaf contained starch?
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(v) ln which condition must a plant be placed to sho·w that a green plant rel. eases carbon dioxide
and why?
Condition Reason
A Dark To prevent photosynthesis
�I
Dark To prevent respiration
Light To allow photosynthesis
D Light To allow respiration
E Light To allow both photosynthesis and respiration.
(vi) The diagram below (Figure 3) shows a section through an alveolus and through a
capillary passing around it.
hit;=: .
oxygon
:m·: oxva�-i�
C•):1cent:at�c·n
Fig. 3
How does o:-.:ygen move from X to Y? By
A diffusion 13 osmosis C translocation D active transport _,.--
E transpimtion.
(vii) Study the diagram below ca1efully (Figure 4).
I
( A
'l/
/ .].,-
'
/
Fig. 4
What does A represent?
A Load (hand and foreanu) B Effort (flexor of muscular upper ann)
c Fulcrum (elbow joint) D Pulley
E 1st class lever.
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(viii) Which of the following substances is not a waste product in man?
A Faeces B Urine c Sweat D /carbon dioxide
E Urea.
(ix) Which hormones produced by the pituitaty gland promote ovulation?
A ( Follicle stimulating hom10ne (FSH) and luteinising hom1one (LH)
B Luteinising hormone (LH) and progesterone
C Oestrogen and progesterone
D Progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
E Prolactin and progesterone.
(x) Which part of a seed grows into t11e root system of a plant?
A /cotyledon B Micropyle C Plmnule D Radicle
E Hilum.
2. Match the items in List A with the responses in List B by writing the letter of the correct response
beside each item nwuber.
LIST A· LIST B
(i) I A disease transmitted by flea from �Cortex
rat to man Bl/ Medulla
(ii) Transpiration (\V Liver
(iii) Causes· change in body activity D\\\ Lung
(� Outer zone of kidney E Cooling effect in hot conditions
(iW Panting in a dog F Heating effect in cold weather
(iij)\ Care of pregnant woman before G Prenatal care
delivery H 1>1 Postnatal care
(�I Cotyledons remain underground I ' Meningitis
(V)\11 Survival of the fittest J� Plague
f� Detoxication of poisonous K 0Cooling effect ori plants
:-1. substances in the body L Heating effect on plants
(vti) Vitamin C deficiency. MV111Darwin
N Lamark
0 Epigeal
Pv11 Hypogeal
Q Scurvy/bleeding gums
R� Anaemia
s Effector organ
T Receptor organ
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SECTION B (60 marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
3. Figure 5 shows a red blood cell and a root hair cell.
A
,..
red blood cell
Fig. 5
(a) (i) Select two structures in the root hair cell which are also present in the red blood
cell. J n each case, state the letter and name of the structure.
Letter Name of Structure
(ii) Name one structure which is typical of many plru1t cells which is not present in
the root hair cell.
(b) State one major function of each of the following cells and describe one way in which the
cell is adapted to cany out its function
(i) Red blood cell (ii) Root hair cell
Ftmction -----
---------------
Function -------------------
Adaptation ---------------- Adaptation -----------------
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4 (a) Name parts of the alimentary canal wr1erc
(i) digestion of starch takes place
(ii) absorption of t11e end products of digestion takes place.
(b) The graph below Figure 6 sh ows changes in pH in the mouth over a period of 10 hours.
meal
catt1n
I
B-1
\i
l j
i !
7 ·1� i \
pH
I
5·i
I
dl
. I
I
!
I · -
3·+ --·······i·-----·------- -�---- -·······T- ----------- i - -----
-
9 ll 1 3 .•
7
am.
p.�n.
t:me o! ._;�y (hours)
Fig. 6
(i) What is the pH in the mouth one hour after the meal that was eaten a t 7.30 a.m.
(ii) Suggest the cause of increase and decrease of pH in the mouth between 8 a.m.
and 9.30 a.m.
(iii) Suggest why the pH change after eating sweets is smaller than after eating
'
meals.
5. (a) Hm" could the body remove or destroy a bacte1ium that lands
(i) on the comea (ii ) on the hand (iii) in the bronchus
(iv) in the stoma.ch?
(b) Explain why it is
(i) nothealthy to sleep in a closed room with many potted plants.
(ii) dangerous to sleep in a poorly ventilated room with a charcoal burner on.
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6. (a) (i) State th e meaning of sexual reproduction. F1gure 7 bclm\ shO\\ s the hu111.1u
male reproduct1vc S) stem.
Fig. 7
(ii) Name the part labelled X and sta te two of its functions.
(b) (i) Birth control can be practised by surgery. Copy/dmw Fig. 7 and mark clearly
where such an opemrion should be carried out in a male human being.
(ii) Na me two changes . other than those found on the sex organs which result from
the effect of sex honnones.
7. (a) The foll owing table shows tl1e frequency of hunl:!ll blood groups in a population
Human blood group %frequency i n the population I
A -l-6
B '.) I
AB 3
0 -l-2
(i) Plot the data in the table as a bar chart o n the gr<�ph paper prmided in your
answer booklet.
(ii) What type of variation is illusra
t ted by the data? Give reasons for your answer.
(b) A plant dispersed its seeds naturally. The seedlings fom1ed were examined two weeks
later. They were found to ctiffer in height.
Suggest three environmental factors which caused the difference. (8 marks)
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8. (a) �i) Define immwlity.
(ii) Distinguish between naturally acquired immunity and artificially acquired
itmnunity.
(b) Name fo ur diseases against which chi ld ren are immunized. (8 marks)
9. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential plant growth nutrients. They are absorbed from the soil as
nitrate and phosphate ions respectively. In fresh waters. phosphate ions occur in very small
amounts while nitrate ions are nonnally in excess. As a result, it is the changes in the phosphate
concentration which promote or inhibit plant growth. Phosphorus is therefore. a limiting nutrient.
(a) Name two factors, other than nutrients and light that can limit plant growUt
(b) Describe an investigation you could carry out to show that phosphorus is a lliniting
nutrient for water plants.
10. Expl ain the follo\-ving observations:
(a) Lighting a shoot from one side makes it bend towards light
(b) The shoot of a seedling kept in the dark and placed sideways (horizontal), grows upwards
while its root grows downwards.
SECTION C (20 marks)
Answer one (1) question from this section.
11. State the cause and ex-plain the transmission (where applicable) and preventive measures of the
following health problems.
(a) Meningitis
(b) Cholera
(c) Malaria
(d) Bilharziasis.
f2. Wr\te an essay on natural resources using.the following guidelines:
(a) Meaning of natural resources
(b) Types of natural resources including two examples of each case.
(c) Effects of man's activities on natural resources.
(d) Conservation of natural resources.
13. Food preservation is very important in hwnan life. Discuss its importance under the following
headings:
(a) Need for food preservation
(b) Local food preservation methods and their biological effects
(c) Advantages of local food preserving methods.
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