Sec 2, Campus 3
BIOLOGY Time – 1:30 hour
Name 100 Marks
1. Choose the correct answers to the following statements. [10]
(i) Which of these is a disease caused by a virus?
A. Athlete’s foot
B. Cholera
C. Flu
D. Salmonella
(ii) ATP is needed in cells to provide energy.
Where is ATP produced?
A in plant cells during photosynthesis
B in plant and animal cells during respiration
C in the human digestive system
D in the human circulatory system
(iii) What are alleles?
A a pair of chromosomes
B different versions of the same gene
C the total number of genes on one chromosome
D two genes side by side on the same chromosome
(iv) What is a correct way of naming an organism using the binomial system?
A Ranunculus Acris
B ranunculus acris
C Ranunculus acris
D Ranunculus acris
(v) What will be the genotypes of the offspring resulting from a genetic cross between
two individuals, one of which is homozygous dominant, (TT), and the other
heterozygous?
A. All Tt
B. 50% Tt, 50% tt
C. 50% TT, 50% Tt
D. 25% TT, 50%Tt, 25% tt
(vi) Uncooked pieces of potato of identical size were placed in different liquids for
one hour.
1 pure water
2 sugar solution less concentrated than the cell contents
3 sugar solution more concentrated than the cell contents
4 sugar solution of the same concentration as the cell contents
After this time, which liquids will cause an increase in the size of the pieces of
potato?
A 1, 2 and 4 B 1, 3 and 4 C 1 and 2 only D 1 only
(vii) Which of the following is an example of discontinuous variation?
A. Height
B. Hair color
C. Blood group
D. Weight
(viii)The diagram shows some leaves and flowers of different plants.
Which are from monocotyledons?
A 1 and 3 B 1 and 5 C 2 and 4 D 2 and 5
(ix) Which row shows the elements contained in a fat molecule?
(x) A color or pattern that allows an animal to blend into its environment is called
_____________________.
A Migration
B Mimicry
C Metamorphosis
D Camouflage
2. (a) State one advantage of using aerobic rather than anaerobic respiration in humans.
………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(b) Fly larvae respire to release energy.
State two uses of energy in a fly larva.
1 .......................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................. [2]
(c) The diagram shows part of the human respiratory system.
Name the structures labelled A, B and C.
A …………………………………………………………………….
B ……………………………………………………………………
C ………………………………………………………………… [3]
(d) Describe the process of exhalation.
……………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………. [2]
(e) When a person is exercising, the blood is not always able to transport oxygen to
the muscles as fast as they need it.
Explain what happens in the muscles if they do not get enough oxygen.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
3. Different words are used to describe groups of living organisms within an ecosystem.
(a) Draw one line from each word to its correct description.
[2]
(b) The ecosystem becomes unbalanced when fertiliser is accidentally added to the
lake.
The fertiliser increases the concentration of nutrients in the lake.
Fig. shows the lake after a few weeks.
Explain why the water plants beneath the surface die.
………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….. [2]
(c) Fig. shows part of the carbon cycle.
(i) State the letter or letters, A, B, C, D, E or F, that represent
Photosynthesis ………………………………………………
Respiration …………………………………………………..[2]
(ii) Name one carbon-containing compound in plants.
…………………………………………………………..[1]
4. (a) Fig. shows an experiment to investigate osmosis.
After five minutes, the level of the liquid inside the capillary tube had risen.
(i) Explain why the liquid rose up the tube.
…………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………..[2]
(ii) At the end of the experiment, the liquid outside the membrane was tested for
starch.
Describe how this test would be carried out and the colour you would expect
to see.
how the test is carried out ……………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
colour expected ………………………………………………….. [2]
(b) Suggest one molecule from the list which is unable to pass through the partially
permeable bag.
carbon dioxide glucose oxygen nitrogen protein
…………………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) Water is one of the raw materials needed for photosynthesis.
State two ways in which the plant uses the glucose produced by photosynthesis.
1 …………………………………………………………………..
2 …………………………………………………………….. [2]
5. Fig. is a diagram of a sperm cell showing its adaptive features.
(a) During fertilisation, the nucleus of the sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of an egg
cell inside the female reproductive system.
(i) State where, inside the female reproductive system, fertilisation takes place.
.............................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Describe where the embryo continues its development.
.....................................................................................................[1]
(b) Describe two ways in which human male gametes differ from human female
gametes.
1 ………………………………………………………………………
2 ……………………………………………………………… [2]
(c) Fig. shows the male reproductive system.
(d) State the name of parts A, B and C.
A …………………………………………………………………
B …………………………………………………………………
C …………………………………………………………… [3]
(e) The ovary secretes hormones that control the growth and maintenance of the lining
of the uterus.
Name the hormone that stimulates:
(i) the growth of the lining of the uterus during the first half of the menstrual cycle
........................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) the maintenance of the lining of the uterus during the second half of the
menstrual cycle.
………………………………………………………………………………...[1]
6. Apples contain starch.
Fig. shows a molecule of glucose, and how glucose molecules join together to
make starch.
(i) Suggest one other large molecule that can be made by glucose molecules joining
together.
……………………………………………………………………..[1]
(ii) Name the smaller molecules that form proteins.
…………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Three enzymes, P, Q and R, were extracted from different regions of the
alimentary canal of a mammal. The effect of pH on the activity of the enzymes
was investigated at 40°C. The results are shown in Fig.
Enzymes increase the rate of breakdown of different types of food substances in
digestion.
Name enzymes P, Q and R [3]
P …………………………, Q …………………………., R ……………………
(c) Fig. shows some information about three enzymes which act in the human
digestive system.
Complete the table by writing the appropriate word or words in each of the four spaces.[2]
7. Fig. is a diagram of an insect‑pollinated flower.
(a) Name parts A and B shown in Fig. 4.1.
A .........................................................................................................
B .......................................................................................................[2]
(b) Fig. shows two small flowers of a wind-pollinated grass.
Describe two adaptations of this grass flower for wind pollination. Use only
features visible in Fig. 5.1.
1. ……………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………..[2]
(c) Fig. shows one of the ways in which a plant called Bryophyllum reproduces. It
grows new plantlets from its leaves.
(i) Name the type of reproduction that is taking place.
………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Describe one other function of plant leaves, apart from photosynthesis and
reproduction.
…………………………………………………………………[1]
(d) The element nitrogen is needed by all living things to make protein. Nitrogen is
absorbed by plant roots in the form of nitrate ions that are dissolved in the water
in the soil. Fig. shows a root hair cell.
Describe the adaptive features of root hair cell.
................................................................................................................................
................. ...............................................................................................................
.................................... ............................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................[2]
(e) Jam Taw investigates the effect of light on photosynthesis.
Jam Taw is given the apparatus shown.
Write down two variables which Jam Taw needs to control during her
investigation.
1 ……………………………………………………………………..
2 …………………………………………………………………[2]
8. (a) Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled organism that is
classified in the kingdom Fungi. Fig. is a drawing of a section through a yeast cell.
(i) State one other kingdom that contains organisms that all have structure A.
................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Describe the differences between the structure of the yeast cell and the
structure of the bacterial cell.
1 …………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Bacteria are used in many biotechnological processes.
Explain why bacteria are useful in biotechnology.
…………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………..[2]
(c) Genetically engineered bacteria that are used to make insulin were grown in a
fermenter for five days.
Samples were taken from the fermenter every six hours and the number of
bacteria in 1.0mm3 of the nutrient solution were counted.
Changes in the numbers of living bacteria in the samples taken from the fermenter
are shown in Fig.
State the names of the stages of population growth of the bacteria labelled A to D.
A…........................................................., B ……………………………………….
C …........................................................., D……………………………………[2]
(d) The farmer uses selective breeding. These are the steps he uses.
They are in the wrong order.
A He breeds the female goat with a male goat.
B He repeats the steps for several generations.
C He chooses a female goat that produces a lot of milk.
D He breeds the female offspring with a male goat.
E He chooses a female offspring that also produces a lot of milk.
Put the steps in the correct order. One has been done for you.
[2]
9. Haemophilia is a sex-linked blood disorder. The blood of people with haemophilia
takes longer to clot.
Fig. show a pedigree diagram showing the inheritance of haemophilia.
• The allele for normal clotting time is represented by X H.
• The allele for haemophilia is represented by Xh.
(i) State the genotypes of the people identified as P, Q and R in Fig. 3.3.
P …........................................................................................................
Q …........................................................................................................
R ………………………………………………………………… [3]
10. (a) Mineral ions are required in the human diet in small quantities.
(i) State the mineral ion required for each process:
making bone …………………………………………………………………
making haemoglobin. ……………………………………………………….[2]
(ii) State another type of nutrient required in the human diet in small quantities.
………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) Fat is particularly difficult to digest as it is not water soluble and forms spherical
globules in the alimentary canal.
Fig. is a diagram showing what happens to fat globules when mixed with bile.
(i) Name the process shown in Fig.
……………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) Explain the advantage of the process shown in Fig.
………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..[2]
11. Doctors can use an ECG machine to monitor a patient’s heart rate.
Fig. shows the ECG of a healthy man.
(a) Use Fig. to calculate the man’s heart rate.
Give your answer in beats per minute. Show your working.
[1]
(b) The heart rate can also be measured by listening to the sounds that the heart makes.
State what causes the sounds made by the heart.
........................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Table shows some of the main organs in a mammal and the vessels that deliver
blood and take it away. Complete the table.
Table
Blood vessel
Organ
Delivers blood Takes blood away
1. ………………………. 1. Aorta
Heart
2. ………………………. 2. ……………………….
Lungs Pulmonary artery ……………………………
Kidney ………………………….. …………………………..
[3]
(d) Describe the role of phagocytes in defense against disease.
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………..[2]
12. Fig. shows a food web for British toad.
(a) (i) State what the arrows in Fig. represent.
………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) State the trophic level of toads.
………………………………………………………………….[1]
(iii) State which foods the two species of toad both eat.
………………………………………………………………….[1]
(iv) With reference only to food, suggest why the Common toad is more likely to
survive when the two species are in competition.
……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………[1]
13. (a) Table shows the names of three groups of arthropods and some of their
characteristics.
Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show the characteristics present in each group.
[2]
(b) State two features that are shown by all molluscs.
1. ……………………………………………………………………..
2. ………………………………………………………………. [2]
14. Reed warblers are small birds that migrate over long distances between western Africa
and northern Europe.
Fig. 4.1 shows a reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus.
Fig. 4.1
The mean age at trapping was calculated for birds with each wing length.
The results are shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1
(a) (i) Explain why wing length is an example of continuous variation.
…………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………….[2]
(ii) Suggest a feature of reed warblers, other than wing length, that shows
continuous variation.
………………………………………………………………… [1]
15. Fig. 5.1 shows an area of forest where some of the trees have been cut down.
(a) Discuss the effects of deforestation on areas of land.
………………………………………………………………………
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