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Signature
Candidate
No. 4 4 3 7 1 F
Paper Reference(s)

4437/1F Examiner’s use only

London Examinations IGCSE Team Leader’s use only

Science (Double Award)

Biology Question Leave
Number Blank

Paper 1F 1

Foundation Tier 2
3
Wednesday 17 November 2010 – Afternoon 4
Time: 1 hour 15 minutes 5
6
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
Ruler Nil
7
8
9
Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature. 10
The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided in this question paper. 11
Do not use pencil. Use blue or black ink.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box ( ). If you change your mind about an 12
answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then mark your new answer with a cross ( ).
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Calculators may be used.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
There are 12 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 75.
There are 24 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates
Write your answers neatly and in good English.

Total
This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with
Edexcel Limited copyright policy.
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Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. For each question (a) to (g), choose the correct answer.

Put a cross ( ) in the correct box.

(a) The photograph shows a cactus.

A cactus is

A an animal

B a plant

C a fungus

D a bacterium
(1)

(b) The food test for glucose uses

A iodine solution

B Biuret solution

C ethanol

D Benedict’s solution
(1)

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(c) A process found in the carbon cycle is

A decomposition

B ultrafiltration

C vasodilation

D fertilisation
(1)

(d) The potato cube below has sides of 1cm.

Which row in the table correctly shows the surface area, volume and surface area to
volume ratio of this cube?

Surface area Volume Surface area to

in cm2 in cm3 volume ratio
A 3 1 3:1
B 6 3 2:1
C 1 6 1:6
D 6 1 6:1
(1)

(e) Which shows a genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a
heterozygous individual?

A NN × NN

B nn × NN

C nn × Nn

D Nn × Nn
(1)

(f) Organs used for excretion include

A heart and liver

B kidneys and lungs

C brain and pancreas

D eyes and stomach

(1)

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(g) A plant shoot that grows towards light is

A negatively geotropic

B negatively phototropic

C positively geotropic

D positively phototropic
(1) Q1

(Total 7 marks)

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2. The diagram shows a section through a leaf with parts labelled A to F.

D
E

(a) Complete the table by writing the correct label letter for each part.

The first one has been done for you.

Part Letter

Upper epidermis A

Air space

Palisade cells

Spongy cells

Stomata
(4)

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(b) The leaf is an important organ for photosynthesis in a plant.

Complete the word equation for photosynthesis by choosing the correct words from
the list.

carbon dioxide glucose oxygen nitrogen water hydrogen

........................... + ........................... ........................... + ...........................

(4)

(c) Suggest how the rate of photosynthesis will change as

(i) the temperature increases

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) the light intensity decreases.

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q2

(Total 10 marks)

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3. Gas exchange in mammals takes place in the lungs.

The diagram lists features in the lungs that help gas exchange.
It also lists explanations to describe how each feature helps.

(a) Draw a line from each feature to the correct explanation.

Feature Explanation
provides short distance for
blood flow in capillaries
diffusion

increases surface area for

moist lining in alveoli
diffusion

carries gases to and from

many alveoli
alveoli

thin alveoli walls allows gases to dissolve

(3)

(b) Smoking cigarettes causes problems for the breathing and circulation systems.
The substances listed are breathed in when a cigarette is smoked.

nicotine carbon dioxide carbon monoxide tar

From the list, choose the substance that causes each of the following effects:

(i) combines with haemoglobin to reduce oxygen transport

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) collects in lungs and contains chemicals that cause cancer

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) speeds up heart rate and increases blood pressure.

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q3

(Total 6 marks)

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4. This food chain is from a woodland.

oak tree caterpillar shrew hawk

(a) (i) Name the producer in this food chain.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Name the secondary consumer in this food chain.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) How does the oak tree make its food? In your answer include

• where the energy comes from

• how the oak tree traps the energy.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Pupils counted the numbers of organisms in the woodland food chain.

They found

• 1 oak tree
• 3000 caterpillars
• 11 shrews
• 1 hawk.

In the space below, draw a pyramid of numbers for this food chain.

(1) Q4

(Total 5 marks)

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5. (a) Biotechnology is used to produce large numbers of plants.

Choose from the list the correct word to match each description.

cloning explants in vitro in vivo

micropropagation pipettes sterile

(i) The small pieces of plant.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) The process by which small pieces of plant are grown using nutrient jelly.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) Using a glass test tube to grow pieces of plants.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(iv) The production of genetically identical organisms.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(v) Nutrient jelly which is free of bacteria.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) Name a human hormone that is produced by genetically modified bacteria.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1) Q5

(Total 6 marks)

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6. Aphids are small insect pests that feed on the sugar transported in plant stems.

(a) (i) Name the tissue that transports sugar in plant stems.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Suggest why sugar is transported from the leaves to the roots.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Biological control is the use of an organism to kill or reduce the numbers of a pest.
Farmers use ladybirds to reduce aphid numbers. Farmers could also use insecticides
to control aphid numbers.

Biological control has advantages and disadvantages when compared to using

insecticides.

Put a cross ( ) in the correct box on each row to show whether each statement
about biological control is an advantage or disadvantage when compared to using
insecticides.

Statement Advantage Disadvantage

harmless to other organisms

acts slowly

some pests survive

pests unlikely to develop resistance

no need to use more than once

(3) Q6

(Total 6 marks)

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7. The table lists the names of different structures found within a human.

Complete the table by numbering each structure in order of its size.

Use number 1 for the smallest structure through to number 4 for the largest.

Name of structure Order of size

brain

nucleus

nervous system

nerve cell
Q7

(Total 3 marks)

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8. Explain how sewage pollution can affect the plants and animals in a river.

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. Q8

(Total 5 marks)

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9. The iris of the eye helps the pupil to change as a person moves from an area of bright light
to an area of dim light.

(a) (i) Draw and label the iris and the pupil in each eye below to show how they would
appear in bright and dim light.

Bright light Dim light

(3)

(ii) Explain how the iris produces this change in appearance in the pupil.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) Explain why it is important to change the appearance of the pupil when moving
from bright light into dim light.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(b) Changes in the eye also take place to help focus on near objects.
Describe these changes.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(3) Q9

(Total 10 marks)

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10. The diagram shows a normal red blood cell.

(a) Describe two ways in which the structure of a normal red blood cell helps it to absorb
and transport oxygen.

1 .....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2 .....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(b) Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited condition that affects the shape of red blood cells.
It is caused by a recessive allele, n, which causes the cells to buckle and look sickle-
shaped. The dominant allele, N, allows red blood cells to develop normally.

The diagram shows normal red blood cells and sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Sickle
cells

Red blood cells

(i) What is an allele?

................................................................................................................................
(1)

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(ii) Two parents know they are both heterozygous for sickle cell anaemia.

Complete the genetic diagram below to show the genotypes of the parents, their
gametes and their possible offspring.
Use the letter N for the dominant allele and the letter n for the recessive allele.

Parent genotypes

Gamete genotypes

Possible offspring genotypes

(3)

(iii) What are the phenotypes of the possible offspring?

................................................................................................................................
(1) Q10

(Total 7 marks)

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11. The heart rate of an athlete was measured every ten minutes for one hour during a training
session.

The results are shown in the table.

Time in minutes 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Heart rate in beats per minute 66 77 88 100 112 114 113

(a) Describe how the heart rate changes during the training session.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Explain the change in the results from 0 minutes to 40 minutes.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(4) Q11

(Total 6 marks)

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12. The photograph shows a bird called a goose.

Two breeds of goose called Toulouse and Embden grow quickly. However, both breeds
lay very few eggs. Another breed of goose called Chinese lays lots of eggs but grows
slowly.

Farmers have used a breeding process to produce a commercial breed of goose from these
three different breeds. The diagram below shows the breeding process.

Cross-bred offspring
Toulouse male × Chinese female →
(male and female)

Cross-bred
Embden male × → Commercial breed
offspring (female)

(a) Name the two desired characteristics farmers wanted to obtain with the commercial
breed of goose.

1 .....................................................................................................................................

2 .....................................................................................................................................
(2)

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(b) Use the information opposite to suggest one difference in the characteristics of the
cross-bred female and the Chinese female.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) The breeding process involves farmers choosing which birds breed with each other.

What name describes a breeding process in which humans choose which animals
breed together?

.......................................................................................................................................
(1) Q12

(Total 4 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

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