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— Noma: Abhinorclon £2 Claes CSE-A____all Mai auoraioep
PHasiaa - Phynica jon inyormostion 24Zerce
Asatramorse - de
No uF Te nox Possible ts me Aaa
Ouse only woth Ame erenguy leudlS | Sine we
reed a meta Stable Stare.
| The shrite baste necyinernerre Jon = laner
Dyetene one.
# acrivemediiim (Crain maclsiin)
#* Energy Sounce ( Purp Source)
Hopital Rooreroa
SPontaneous Emission | ___STavisteD Emission
The cro UP the The Pe ey
| ented se Sror]e etn Btore Con be also
ek es ee 3S gpourd prose by
emuing a Phoron oY feowernal tnt 3
ereay E=CeEs-e,) =v herby emintg 261
eee usthow any erenay equal +o '
Caer nol sggetng ay “the ‘wel ee
Ts ee ae ae acl eee
eynbo ‘on. act
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SS y y |
a di ae |Ig) COHERENT LENOTH:
Tes a Spetiel obbtanu over whcha
wave Boye Cohotert:
ae OE Cy
Av
Cc ~ Speodk 0}, Light- un Vaccum
Ov barcluictth 9 she wave Source .
Cohewrt Time :
De dimers cen which dhe wawe's
Phare semaine Pudicrable .
Ae yell
Av
Le= ¢.Te
1 Thanglone the Cchenea Leng & Dime Prepestional,
bs tobenare- time - aK
ls) ATTENVATION :
A Axenuarion is thy less opyical owe
an te strands through aby giken shia low i's meaund
Mr dBluim -
lmeosured ox a Aion ce betwee hi deus
Signal Power ard the dnpusm Snob Ty Can be
Axtersccton i> trarEMiUson less ther lon lod.
eapoweed om
Atrerucrion loss L = telogie (FE) do
d = lelogio (Pin | Posse Ye AB) umPart- & |
le Determine Era getiens Co-effeere ‘A’ ard’! ard
Prove shes arer Ligh Should he gprenarrecl by
Onl i : Lior 28 Meebo
| YW 4 aby more 2 Simukeredt ens
than nex] af Spawansour emission .
Anes
Pca = bate 2 éamulated abrooytor = hia fen, 2O
Poise) —nore of Snertancous emitsion = A21. V2 -@
(Pr Cs) 2 ewe q Stimulate emivion = Bal. ft. i, 35@
we abe ferow zhar ationding 4D Elerstien cheong
aaa ad ebrspr er = srage of eminoion
wer she above fommula thu Atcemen,
mepnerre L as
Car be
Bia Pre-N, =A2)-Ne + Bar. Pp Ne -@®
toling ong densivy CPu) Lormow we gee
C Bia. N, — 8. -Ne) Pye Aare thus
Cy = Aa Wes
B19. N,-Baj Nr
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ES i) Az,
DN,
Ns ( Big He Ba.) x = a 3 ®
coleng @ Common NS
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; Bia. 1) eee 2@
Pa Beye oaA ad
ath eqporion is similon ate Plaeba's theo:
ore ergy al saibation odletion law. ee
fy = srchu?
i a hofien | =®
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te awe = 3mhv? 1
ehh, Ze ae,
Aa &trhv*
a ig baling Aar =A and by = 6
i ae =) .Sanhv=
B
ae
wheu che lrarans A and & ou Colle d
CinwernS ¢o- ahicere thas artourssfor Aobablives
o > Sptreceoeaiea! teimulasces A2ahrition .
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ea| Te & a good deel. daser , whor PY) Tuntwoh
as spormed. wath Single lrystaline material Then uf
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Finciples
7 P-N sunetion diode jn tn Jorwvencl hice
ot she Dungion holes ancl ele wron Ege robin on
etuwes Due as cietombination Progons Coe emus eof
Tha emitted Phorm. Seimulsre further 2 Cora now om
dnd here a. loser Sutnux obtain at.
Conearustion:
| PN Sunehor diode loner is jermect by heauly |
oped © AS wth Ge (P-type ancl Gans wrk
C-type) - Pre Pook. is ee Ce crn Lee eeLL Sige with
Bee fin. long canal abour 100 jm Wide and ghick Te
tN anol boom qo oe P meuice of wu ahi c loro
| The feterc- ahd! Sra P yteetee al Peper forall ate
jeote = iewars ane Perpenditulon te th Plane athe
| SDunaion . The Polis heck daus Conner an oprical
Tlebnaton .,
|Wosrl
Btree nomagton ancl R regio~ aru howl
dppeol , ahs. i" Hoel of P- megion Lies within
sthe volenc, bard and fermi loud of n—region
Lies wart the loncduction bard Ab guncion the
Jerm? level as unger Whe ie Por gunction.
dovrand bras, she hols ahs Peqpe and.
eleaton un ths nowyr]e mover Taber; the Suunerics|
At Tuner se lsmbis ation GY holes ancl eleuten
OCUInDE Caubiney pele arte sinre @| Phow - Thine enitred
Phoror yravel 25 anol bao bean the Polished
daw Qf the guncho.. These SamWate mor, clegron
hele Melombnorian- Thus shes eum ply Cecrion ros
a the Polishecl Sua. - The am bel rabid
A> Ono ener te lome our
amen vee 8400 4°
Exergy leval dlitdgpam ;
Qo the Funaren as#% Hetero Tunerianr genCtondudon Laver: ‘| |
when the Teneo amu formed ai
Ajperore marerntal’ je che Lite of guntrion
by pane from the athe Bile Q] the Tuncion
ther uF 2 Callesl as Hero Tunwion.
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Hene thy Change Carries Cele dton anol holes
lorpiownn a o very nemmew megisn anol
71 tombineene steclerion ane emured , Tha
Pare OhSrer aati. betwen sty Polishe ol
Byau ar Tundtion ancl Healy 2 loser is
obtan from sty almrok .
P+ Alans
ap) Prtave Reaton
SN+hlGaas
= 1 Goks Sub svete
Bororn lonrs itHeseer=) GaAs layer 4% Sorclwhr beliver
sie layer 2 oA As ereagy gpp ant lever |
pre mo trv anclea +The srheclinow gq ah P GaAs |
arth hegh Slefractive sider P- bans & the auc
Pegrerss Polen Udy Usa | ctor. Aake Pau
The front art Fem dau ane Polished
Pomeltel tx each ether andl perpends Culan
de, Ech eles. he Tuncton - The AU shed jee
oul Ot as a optical
M2sanoten .
elettro~ tn Cor cluction band anal L
mage Riu ben
Jo] holes with tle Valens Sal eee
| a .
\Spwlarion Duewion JB adhtevect \ecleon the
| ion band avd Valene bang of P-balt3
ATrenuosion:
P> dB lim + Asteurcsi on
Relembinatior 2]
eletsron —holes cums at
Bee RS) | hich ike ee Het Atelc, cmolio,
a} Phoron This Spowponesus Phown well att mules
mos eledrn tp netombiie
a
Primlored — Phar Be emlaed. the svimularalt
Chow i ee rn en,
Polisheol Suyates. wher shen srmulatech Phove rs
hare ersugh Seotengrt laser beam emanger | rom
a elivcle urikth Waveloray-t Q] Booon®
Losses sh opfical di bend:
The opsical qiber does not expurien ce
tre lose: So ase oy Erreroiny a Legh However
the Presence a) rps eres losrerin arte edops,
Cromecry Nturtums and lis powion B Ugh Comms
kre losses, Transntustent base eg). Ty the Srreminy 0
|Aeghs ote ‘i Be Conch ok of the qpsicol frlen
Pan ard antensiiny ox deurercl be Ps.
Attertorio~ is shi lose 2} msi calejber ae
[ae +travela thro aby diben due Loss in meamund
ba grarmivion Jess thas |
Qn lee mearund ana Ajporene bebe the,
ope = Sigrol Prost ard he ihpux signal R
|
|
a
| Ty Can be eayswed sh le ad |
|
A= lologie (Pin |p
Out Vie de) ionAlsormion losses : |
# EBAtripsic losses,
HH Trtrisic losses,
# Mtomic dele & losses
We Exrsunsic losses:
Th carnitine loss Apnecsvs bur Prarence o)
dimpurtites uhidk. cbtonlb thy Lighe- “The iwnpusures
nay be ole aw prurene A he er.co arc cu
th the lone mateual The smrpucreies Cool absorb
athe ia hey wey meemic the alconle oreey
dung th deentcnon un Ags Cute Wowelersrh which
Conse loss ©} insensity ste onginal ligh+ey Speuyi<
oaudongth
* Th serine’ Loss + |
Since he dibex one Cone 4a elt abso
some Gporsivy 2] enengy tb known ax ubbince les.
pr Stoueruig ancl Redltarion Less.
Since , optic giber lorxohna gla oo
Core Where imyputies ome Presa tho
Slotoung an Lighe Ot these GFpunires ane Mosconi
Cosse, Paxil PF lanoring Whee AN energy a) Garered
Wwower 2 Ane Fropopional to Yhe BA ue |
= x1) a oh meget Te tos ay erway
lox Coupler ord rrero, Ws ax brown as madionve
| deese>ae Geomernical loss:
Due +0 bends 2} Picol fiber thou au 2
WYPes of bowen rom matwesionr, bencdiig ancl
Mo sconte bending: Ty the diber be nourded
a bI5 chcle thou neckTus 4 Lil ust usw
the lose may be lew (alle mace b 7 sh
Jess, fen smout bending fe Van gar - Bo Etime Weg doa es
4h the cUinensione Cure Geomenrt cab lass er,
x Bispeusion Less:
Bis pewion sb the aah outro} a |
Ugh Ruse time an ue fo lous i beer |
: u Pogesre> the Ji i
Dispewfon tw optical Eas th cludes ool el Aipasfon
Worewel dapmsion a, wave Guide, Ob dperrion « "
Each dee chr fps.
pH Crteumadal pfs Pewiens
The Optical Powen ts Pubbed w owe
Antigo. over yu mode. oy Ugh troughah.
tibex cl Geones — dluniig the Propagesfon these
Ok ome browns as thrermod APs pension -
Mutimeds {be Can li exer arghe ord thus
Nravela 2% dijfercr, Peihs oto ea ner. cy sc,
Cath” meals srauds Aharon Bide
o> ar Propegecr= FIG Gowive eet ayy
ee et
|Spread2 ou ih the YP hen Outputs the |
| ehe Pulse Spouds our fr dime which lan
Bigrt ocvlepping do dev'our ly ther You barney de
hem moms Modal clfanowion 3% not Problem iw
mode af
3) bean Since & only one mode
Fetibou ——wMarertal Dispersion:
peice ene ee 5 PN oxes
| The sie| awve shdon oF eh.
ithe Changen fh thy owelergr | yreqpon oy
MarevTal AsSpewion . ay nonnow Pulse Rees
thragh _fiben Coures, bred.tia ep Pulse Width
dite “am marental Pronecry . Te lan be overlom: |
Pe EY (rethcth dnd abn q lighe. The 4
moole . 4 7 ben fall to prea 2. the Morental dfspeuiton
FO Macdmun Coster, es
BA pnowion in b Pile eee i
eedine thos 5
betouse aha Uelor. tS a arses
TY QP leghe throwh el |
Achenda ew 3 Lowe) A fiber
+ worrGutde Dispersion: |
[ee SE Ce ead en,
eo” Eire (oY. Coeilenc all
a Unter swave Pde wWhode Pedra wh Ue |
Linder Yontes wath mode Qy Propogpai on with |
wouelangrt — (oure® Wowe Guiidle lt 2psr5ion .
wave ginich AXepersion ib ON nestor pr
Ainge Jnods gi ber- TH 1s Coused oy the Jou |
thar Some “Ugh trovdS to 4 diber low
Aince diber Cledhkg hors lower aalrawive Tle
thar yiber Comes lige may ghar srovde rn ahs
Clad. dain strands faster thetthan Gh yh ere (|
wareguitle Aepermien Po also a sys of chromadic
L’sp ouion -Thr fs a union oy ike i sige
Va Wumben , loaveleng™ ark Wave Soume lire
wrath - |
oe = 7 |en Prous ond tempnastur Meorwiamert ,
1D Ree
A dorm af tach -
ont Pressure stempmrestuse Benner
LoFrg &tngle mede orsical yi bes for’ two
ame Ty te eprical feth Jemgsr a phe at
ems ose hea ly eqyal ths Waker jonme] ture
dibard tntrenjerers deform a aiew ef bathe]
ard doak gniges. A change 0» the relesrive
Phaze ey othe lighr qrom one fi bet wih
Mespet to the other A> ckbsowted ax a dliphten
Of the pviige Faron. 2 Phare change a 27
moran Coursing @ L's pla ternerct a Ove fringe
Ths phar gy gh Ughr leaitqge fiber Arte
Changet by Aimerional ard index gyration
Charges Jn as fi bee Thun fone jileen fs Subyete
soa Atyour ssorar , poeure terest, ere
than qhe other sh olyereha apywor asa
\didplacemere @& thy purge ard Can he yneared
|loy Unis clipla cemer “Th WS tha baste exindple
Zehnder fiber
Caunbe made
stype We analy =< Saas Bessy, QBthis dewPce
Bean
Eben gsntven
fay Sy
Microgcopes
oye ver,
Sc
ey He fiber — optic Aivaln Boge sysrem. Tn aha !i) DiBplacemert- _Senzon :
The mah artracion Of ths febgue
dom Adstance perring one fe aimpli coy
and bow price and she abbitiy 7 mearwe
Aibsronce at jort mepetion mater rupicely.)
papaeemert 92 Ke ilehey 1+ Comment Cally
avoible trrersity Sermons “Gre ajpfned
Hom vorfous Phobing oliStante griema jew
millimetre unre chou somm , with Possibll
methoods Jor extensions ~The Sa. |
Ne MCGEE he elu
+e thingy el
Pues {20m a nunben 2) Vniyeuro
ban)
PPreCalibrosion for all stooger objeus fs
eae
Sine th drone B aomned Bote the maaruhcd
a fevered 1 O0y change ah the Signal
SUamr ration Bs croc Vol axrion
ae lonne Gon Vecees , VesPagton Be
ae sigle nviey , unr , oli eh ie
Jhtreyred by dajouk- +o be db changer.
The meosunecdl Dignal Can be poe
te the IE a he homer objets eae |
lonnider 2 nag hy maple sige obje I5) ae
BD wore - eanily 2 a eee
Fe will be wen form on oper
Lae then Jon the tome oF it
Soe dance -