Lap 8: Engine Lubrication Cycle .
Functions of oil in the engine:
1: reduce friction
2: Helping cool the engine
3: Help prevent gases from leaking between the piston rings and the cylinder
walls
4: Clean the bearings and sliding surfaces from corrosion residues
5: Protect parts from rust
6: Reducing noise from moving parts in the engine.
Motor oil specifications:
1: If the oil has a suitable viscosity
2: The oil is free of sediment and acids
3: If its freezing point is low
4: If it is oxidation resistant
5: Resistance to mixing with foreign materials ((المواد الغريبة
Classifications of oils:
1: American classification of performance level from the American Petroleum
Institute API.
2: European Performance Classification ACEA: European Automobile
Manufacturers' Association
American classification:
This classification is based on defining the level of oil performance using two
letters as follows: The first letter: to distinguish between gasoline engines and
diesel engines, so that the letter (S) is used for gasoline engines, and the letter (C)
for diesel engines. The second letter: an ascending measure of the degree of oil
performance, starting with the letter A ascending and ending with the letter N
- Sometimes the phrase Energy Conservation is added in gasoline engines or CI-4
PLUS in diesel engines, and the meaning is similar between them in that both save
engine fuel consumption and its resistance to oxidation for long periods.
Example:
API SE: Class E gasoline engine oil
API SL: Class L gasoline engine oil, which is better than Class E
API SN: Class N gasoline engine oil (which is the highest and best level of oil
available in the market)
API CD: Class D diesel engine oil
API CJ: Class F diesel engine oil, which is better than Class D
API SJ/CF: Both gasoline and diesel engine oils, gasoline grade J and diesel grade
European Performance Classification ACEA:
This system depends on setting a classification of motor oil consisting of a letter
and a number: Letter: Distinguish between gasoline engine oil and diesel engine
oil: A for gasoline engines: B for diesel engines Number: An ascending scale of
the oil level starting with number 1 onwards and currently ending with number 6
Examples:
ACEA A1: Class 1 gasoline engine oil
ACEA A2: Petrol Motor Oil Tier 2 (better than Tier 1)
ACEA B1: Class 1 diesel engine oil
ACEA B2: Class 2 diesel engine oil
ACEA A2/B2: Petrol and Diesel Engine Oils, Petrol Level 2 and Diesel Level 2
ACEA A3/B4: Petrol and diesel engine oil, petrol level 3 and diesel level 4
Viscosity of oils used in vehicles
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has developed a viscosity
classification consisting of a number indicating the viscosity of the oil when tested
in the laboratory under standard conditions. The oil is divided into:
1: Mono viscosity oils such as SAE 40
2: Dual viscosity such as SAE 10W40
Method of lubrication used in engine:
1: forced lubrication
2: free lubrication
Oil pump type:
How to engage the pump with the crankshaft:
1: Direct engagement with the crank
2: Through an interlocking chain with the crankshaft
3: Through an interlocking belt with the crankshaft
Engine lubrication cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lse1SfDq7M
Engine lubrication cycle component for Skoda 1.4 TSI engine:
1: oil Sump (carter) and pump
2 - Oil level and oil
temperature sender
4 - Oil drain plug, 30 Nm
6 - Sump bottom part
9 - Cover
❑ for drive chain of the
oil pump
10 - Drive chain
12 - Sump top part
13 - Baffle
14 – Sprocket
16 - Oil filter
17 - Gasket
❑ With oil strainer
18 - Oil pump
21 - Oil suction pipe
2: Engine oil cooler
1 - Engine oil cooler
2 - 8 Nm + torque a further 90°
3 - Gasket rings
3: crankcase ventilation
1 – Hose
❑ for crankcase ventilation
2 - Cover
❑ For oil separator
3 - Oil separator
❑ replace if damaged
4 - O-ring
❑ replace
5 - Inlet connections
6 - Hose
❑ for crankcase ventilation
7 - 9 Nm
4: Oil filter and oil pressure switch
1 - Oil filter, 20 Nm
2 - Oil pressure switch for
reduced oil pressure
❑ Check switching pressure
0.3 ... 0.6 MPa (3 ...6 bar)
3 - Sealing ring
❑ replace
4 - O-ring
5 - Oil pressure control valve
6 - 8 Nm
7 - Sealing ring
❑ replace
8 - Oil pressure switch - F22- ,
20 Nm
Q1: list type of oil leakage and list example?
Q2: list reasons for pressure drop?
