Learning Module 02

Readings in Philippine History

Learning Packet 02

Cry of Rebellion
Learning Packet 02

Cry of Rebellion
Introduction
This learning packet provides different views concerning one of the most memorable
events in Philippine history called the Cry of Rebellion which allows students to
compare and contrast the primary sources from different accounts.

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. Compare and contrast primary sources from different accounts in
understanding the Cry of Rebellion;
2. Express their stand on a particular issue raised in this topic through content
and context analysis.

Learning Management System

Google Classroom:
Google Drive:
Google Meet:

Duration
● Topic 02: Cry of Rebellion 02 = 3 hours (1. 5 hours intended for online
discussion and 1.5 hours for the assessment)

Delivery Mode
Blended learning

Assessment
Position Paper with a rubric

Requirement with Rubrics

Refer to Learning Module 02 requirement

Readings

 Readings in Philippine History by John Lee P. Candelaria and Veronica C.

Alphora

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Source: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/42171714/persuasive-essay-rubric-
category-4-a-excellent-3-good-2-

Pre-Assessment

True or False: Read the following statements then

raise your right hand if the statement is true and left if
false.

1. Primary sources are never biased.

2. Various primary sources present different
perspectives.
3. Primary sources from Filipino accounts are more
reliable than Spanish accounts.
4. Historical events must be based on primary
sources.
5. Different primary sources give confusion to
historians.
6. We cannot rely on primary sources alone.
7. Primary sources reflect the whole truth about our
past.
8. Primary sources do not contradict with each other.
9. It is important to have more than one primary
source.
10. Primary sources must undergo content and
contextual analysis.

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 Key Points:
Lesson Proper
 There are numerous
primary sources on
The event that ushered in the Philippine Revolution against
the Cry of Rebellion:
more than 300 years of Spanish occupation is as significant Pio Valenzuela’s,
Santiago Alvarez’s,
as it is controversial. Sick of the oppression under foreign
Gregoria de Jesus’,
rule and craving for freedom and independence, Filipino Guillerrmo
Magsangkay’s
revolutionaries under the leadership of Andres Bonifacio
accounts are among
tore their “cedulas” (residence certificate) as a sign of their the few.
resistance.  Dr. Pio Valenzuela
happened to be the
When and where it happened has been the subject of much eyewitness himself of
controversy. It has been called the “Cry of Balintawak” the event.
and celebrated every 26th of August for the longest time.
But the National Historical Commission changed the date Definition of Key Terms:
to August 23 and the location to Pugad Lawin based  Refuge. Something
mainly on the accounts of Dr. Pio Valenzuela. providing shelter.
 Memoir. A historical
account or biography
written from personal
knowledge or special
sources.

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There have been many claims, backed up by multiple and Key Points:
contradictory sources, as to the dates and venue of the
“Cry.” The date of the “Cry” has been placed any time
 Santiago Alvarez, a
well-known
between August 23 and August 25 and the venue in Katipunero from
Cavite and a son of
Kangkong, Caloocan, or in Pasong Tamo in Banlat,
Mariano Alvarez.
Caloocan, or in Bahay Toro, Caloocan. Santiago is a relative
of Gregoria de Jesus,
who happened to be
the wide of Andres
Bonifacio.

Definition of Key Terms:

 Supremo. One who is

highest in rank or
authority.
 Tumultuous. Marked
by violent or
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/ overwhelming
turbulence or
upheaval.
Pio Valenzuela’s Controversial “Cry of Pugad Lawin”
This controversial version of the “Cry of the Pugad Lawin”
has been authorized by no other than Dr. Pio Valenzuela.
In his first version, he said that the prime staging point of
the Cry was in Balintawak on Wednesday of August 26,
1896. He held this account when the happenings or events
are still vivid in his memory. On the other hand, later in his
life and with a fading memory, he wrote his Memoirs of
the Revolution without consulting the written documents
of the Philippine revolution and claimed that the “Cry”
took place at Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896. Below is
his account on this topic:

Source: Zaide, Gregoria and Zaide, Sonia. (1990).

Documentary Sources of Philippine History. Vol. 5.
Manila: National Book Store.

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“The first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Key Points:
Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del
 Gregoria de Jesus,
Rosario, and myself was Balintawak, the first five arriving the “Lakambini of
there on August 19 and I, on August 20, 1896. The first the Katipunan” and
wife of Andres
place where some 500 members of the Katipunan met on Bonifacio had her
August 22, 1896, was the house and yard of Apolonio version of the Cry.
 In her account, the
Samson at Kangkong. Aside from the persons mentioned
First “Cry”
above, among those who were there were Briccio Pantas, happened near
Caloocan on
Alejandro Santiago, Ramon Bernardo, Apolonio Samson,
August 25, 1896.
and others. Here, views were only exchanged, and no
resolution was debated or adopted. It was at Pugad Lawin,
Definition of Key Term:
in the house, store-house, and yard of Juan Ramos, son of
 Apparition. An
Melchora Aquino, where over 1,000 members of the
unusual or
Katipunan met and carried out considerable debate and unexpected sight.
discussion on August 23, 1986. The discussion was on
whether or not the revolution against the Spanish
government should be started on August 29, 1986. Only
one man protested and fought against a war, and that was
Teodora Plata [Bonifacio’s brother-in-law-Z]. Besides the
persons named above, among those present at this meeting
were Enrique Cipriano, Alfonso Pacheco, Tomas Remigio,
Sinforoso San Pedro, and others. After the tumultuous
meeting, many of those present tore their cedula
certificates and shouted “Long live the Philippines! Long
live the Philippines!”

Santiago Alvarez’s The “Cry of Bahay Toro”

Below is Santiago Alvarez’s account:

Source: Zaide, Gregoria and Zaide, Sonia. (1990).

Documentary Sources of Philippine History. Vol. 5.
Manila: National Book Store.

Sunday, August 23, 1896

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As early as 10 o’clock in the morning, at the barn of
Kabesang Melchora [Melchora Aquino-Z.], at a place
called Sampalukan, barrio of Bahay Toro, Katipuneros
met together. About 500 of these arrived, ready and eager
to join the “Supremo” Andres Bonifacio and his men …

Monday, August 24, 1896

There were about 1,000 Katipuneros … The “Supremo”
decided to hold a meeting inside the big barn. Under his
leadership, the meeting began at 10 o’clock in the morning
…
It was 12 o’clock noon when the meeting adjourned amidst
loud cries of “Long live the Sons of the Country”
(Mabuhay ang mga anak ng Bayan)!

Gregoria de Jesus’ Version of the First “Cry”

Gregoria de Jesus has been a participant of this event and
became the keeper of the secret documents of the
Katipunan. After the Revolution in August 1896, she lived
with her parents in Caloocan then fled to Manila when she
was told that Spanish authorities wanted to arrest her.
Eventually, she joined her husband in the mountains and
shared adversities with him.

Source: Zaide, Gregoria and Zaide, Sonia. (1990).

Documentary Sources of Philippine History. Vol. 5.
Manila: National Book Store.

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“The activities of the Katipunan had reached nearly all
corners of the Philippine Archipelago, so that when its
existence was discovered and some of the members
arrested, we immediately returned to Caloocan. However,
as we were closely watched by the agents of the Spanish
authorities, Andres Bonifacio and other Katipuneros left
the town after some days. It was then that the uprising
began, with the first cry for freedom on August 25, 1896.
Meanwhile, I was with my parents. Through my friends, I
learned that Spanish was coming to arrest me.
Immediately, I fled town at eleven o’ clock at night,
secretly going through the rice fields to La Lorna, with the
intention of returning to Manila. I was treated like an
apparition, for, sad to say, in every house where I tried to
get a little rest, I was driven away as if people therein were
frightened for their own lives. Later, I found out that the
occupants of the houses which I had visited were seized
and severely punished-- and some even exiled. One of them
was an uncle of mine whom I had visited on that night to
kiss his hand, and he died in exile.”

Guillermo Masangkay’s The “Cry of Balintawak”

According to the Katipunan General Guillermo
Masangkay, the first rally of the Philippine Revolution
happened on August 26, 1896 at Balintawak.
Correspondingly, the date and site presented were accepted
by the preliminary years of American government. Below
is General Guillermo Masangkay’s version of the “Cry of
Balintawak”.

(Source: Zaide, Gregoria and Zaide, Sonia. (1990).

Documentary Sources of Philippine History. Vol. 5.
Manila: National Book Store.)
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“On August 26th [1896-Z.], a big meeting was held in
Balintawak, at the house of Apolonio Samson, then the
cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan. Among those who
attended, I remember, were Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto,
Aguedo del Rosario, Tomas Remigio, Briccio Pantas,
Teodoro Plata, Pio Valenzuela, Enrique Pacheco, and
Francisco Carreon. They were all leaders of the
Katipunan and composed the board of directors of the
organization. Delegates from Bulacan, Cabanatuan,
Cavite and Morong (now Rizal,) were also present.
At about nine o’clock in the morning of August 26, the
meeting was opened with Andres Bonifacio presiding and
Emilio Jacinto acting as secretary. The purpose was to
discuss when the uprising was to take place. Teodoro
Plata [Bonifacio’s brother-in-law – Z.], Briccio Pantas,
and Pio Valenzuela were all opposed to starting the
revolution too early. They reasoned that the people would
be in distress if the revolution were started without
adequate preparation. Plata was very forceful in his
argument, stating that the uprising could not very well be
started without the arms and food for the soldiers.
Valenzuela used Rizal’s argument about the rich not siding
with the Katipunan organization.
Andres Bonifacio, sensing that he would lose in the
discussion then, left the session hall and talked to the
people, who were waiting outside for the result of the
meeting of the leaders. He told the people that the leaders
were arguing against starting the revolution early, and
appealed to them in a fiery speech in which he said: “You
remember the fate of our countrymen who were shot in
Bagumbayan. Should we return now to the towns, the
Spaniards will only shoot us. Our organization has been

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discovered and we are all marked men. If we don’t start
the uprising, the Spaniards will get us anyway. What then,
do you say?”
“Revolt!” the people shouted as one.
Bonifacio then asked the people to give a pledge that they
were to revolt. He told them that the sign of slavery of the
Filipinos were (sic) the cedula tax charged each citizen.
“If it is true that you are ready to revolt,” Bonifacio saved,
“I want to see you destroy your cedulas. It will be the sign
that all of us have declared our severance from the
Spaniards.”
With tears in their eyes, the people as one man, pulled out
their cedulas and tore them to pieces. It was the beginning
of the formal declaration of the separation from Spanish
rule. With their cedulas destroyed, they could no longer go
back to their homes because the Spaniards would
persecute them, if not for being katipuneros, for having no
cedulas. And people who had no cedulas during those days
were severely punished.
When the people’s pledge was obtained by Bonifacio, he
returned to the session hall and informed the leaders of
what took place outside. “The people want to revolt, and
they have destroyed their cedulas,” Bonifacio said. “So
now we have to start the uprising; otherwise, the people by
hundreds will be shot.” There was no alternative. The
board of directors, in the spite of the protests of Plata,
Pantas, and Valenzuela, voted for the revolution. And
when this was decided, the people outside shouted: “Long
Live the Philippine Republic!”
I still remember Bonifacio as he appeared that day.
Although a mere bodeguero (warehouseman) and earning
₱25 (Mex.) a month, he was a cultured man. He always
wore an open coat, with black necktie, and black hat. He
always carried an umbrella. At the meeting that morning
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of August 26, Bonifacio took off his coat and was wearing
only his shirt, with collar and tie. Bonifacio’s hobby was
weaving bamboo hats. During his spare time, he wove
dozens of them and sold them in Manila. Thus, he made
extra money.
At about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, while the gathering at
Balintawak was celebrating the decision of the Katipunan
leaders to start the uprising, the guards who were up in
trees to watch for any possible intruders or the approach
of the enemy, gave the warning that the Spaniards were
coming.
Led by Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other leaders of the
Katipunan, the men were distributed in strategic positions
and were prepared for attack of the civil guards. I was
with a group stationed on the bank of a small creek,
guarding the places where the Spaniards were to pass in
order to reach the meeting place of the katipuneros. Shots
were then fired by the civil guards, and that was the
beginning of the fire which later became such a huge
conflagration.

Generalization
There may have been different kinds of primary sources
containing various dates and places about the occurrence
of the first Cry of Rebellion. One thing is sure, it took
place somewhere in those places mentioned and the
Philippine revolution happened that same year.

Learning Packet Discussion Forum

 What are advantages and disadvantages of having

different kinds of primary sources on the Cry?

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Activity
Write a Position paper regarding the date and place where the Cry of Rebellion took
place. Refer to the rubric provided in this learning packet as your guide.

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Assessment
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. El Grito means…
A. Revolution
B. Rebellion
C. Freedom
D. Cry
2. The piece of paper being torn to prove that members were ready to revolt.
A. Cedula
B. Birth certificate
C. Marriage contract
D. License
A. Pio Valenzuela
3. His account stated that the Cry happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.
A. Santiago Alvarez
B. Olegario Diaz
C. Teodoro Kalaw
D. Pio Valenzuela

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4. His account put the Cry in Bahay Toro in Quezon City on August 24, 1896.
A. Santiago Alvarez
B. Olegario Diaz
C. Teodoro Kalaw
D. Pio Valenzuela
5. His account identified the Cry to have happened in Balintawak on August 26, 1896.
A. Teodoro Agoncillo
B. Gregorio Zaide
C. Teodoro Kalaw
D. Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, and Ramon Villegas
6. It was a sign of slavery of the Filipinos.
A. Cedula
B. Polo y servicio
C. Encomienda system
D. None of the above
7. In Pio Valenzuela’s Memoir of the Revolution, he wrote that the Cry happpened
when and where?
A. August 26, 1896 in Balintawak
B. August 23, 1896 at Pugad Lawin
C. August 25, 1896 in Balintawak
D. August 24, 1896 in Kangkong
8. He was a leader of the Magdiwang faction in Cavite.
A. Santiago Alvarez
B. Olegario Diaz
C. Teodoro Kalaw
D. Pio Valenzuela
9. He was a guardia civil.
A. Santiago Alvarez
B. Olegario Diaz
C. Teodoro Kalaw
D. Pio Valenzuela
10. He presided a meeting on August 26, 1896 in Balintawak.
A. Teodoro Plata
B. Emilio Jacinto
C. Andres Bonifacio
D. None of the above

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 16
Assessment
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. C
Answer Key
References
https://mb.com.ph/2019/08/21/cry-for-freedom/
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/ateneo-de-davao-university/philippine-
history/cry-of-balintawak-or-pugad-lawin/8599383

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