0% found this document useful (0 votes)
112 views11 pages

LÝ THUYẾT

Uploaded by

Hồng Trang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
112 views11 pages

LÝ THUYẾT

Uploaded by

Hồng Trang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

1.

Morphology - Hình thái học: The study of the internal STRUCTURES of


words and the RULES by which words are formed
2. Morpheme – Hình vị: are the minimal unit of MEANING or
GRAMMATICAL which may constitute words or part of words (most of
morpheme are clear in meaning)
Characteristics:
 Is a word or part of word that has meaning
 Cannot devide intp smaller meaningful parts without violation(vi
phạm) of its meaninng or without …remainders
 It recurs in different verbal environments with a relatively stable
 Basic unit in morphology
 Can be: mono-syllabic or poly-syllabic

A. Base on dependence:
Free Bound
INDEPENDENT morphemes that DEPENDENT morphemes that can
can stand alone as words only occur as part of word, and must
BE USED WITH ANOTHER
MORPHEME to form words
B. Base on meaning:
CLASSIFY
STEM: are free formd to
ROOT: are bases to which which INFLECTIONAL
BASE: DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES are SUFFIXES are added ti
 Basic added to form a new word indicate the grammatical
meaning function of a word
 Has the A FREE base: can be a word once
principal the other morpheme have been
meaning stripped away
Always free and can
include a ROOT
A BOUND base: is a base making
the principal meaning in a word
but can not be a word
CLASSIFY
POSITION FUNCTION
Derivational
affixex:
 Perform a
lexical
Preffixes function
(create a
new word
 Can
change
AFFIXES: the word
 Are bound class
morphemes (normally
which are suffixes)
attached to Suffixes or
the base to maintain
modify the the word
basic class
meaning (prefixes)
 Modify the 9 inflectinal suffixes
basic Inffixes  NOUNS: (-S) số
meaning nhiều, sở hữu
cách số ít-nhiều
Inflectional  VERBS: (-S)
affixes: are động từ theo ngôi
always suffixes, thứ 3 số ít, (-
performing a ING) V-ing được
curcumffix grammatical rút gọn(hiện tại
function phân từ), (-ED)
Quá khứ đơn, quá
khứ phân từ
 ADJECTIVES:
(-ER),(-EST)

Circumfix(1) + derivational preffixes + BA(inffixes)SE + derivational suffix +


inflectional suffix + circumfix(2)
3. Phonetics and Phonology: The study of the SOUND
4. Semantics - Ngữ nghĩa học: Study of MEANINGS in language
5. Syntax - Cú pháp: Study of the ARRANGEMENT of words and the rules by
which words are formed
6. WORD:
 composed of both MORPHEME and SYLLABLES
 is the smallest linguistic unit which can occur on its own in speech or in
writing
Classification Base On Structure:
Simple Complex Compound
At least 1 bound
1 free morpheme/base At least 2 free base
morpheme as an
(+inflectional suffix) (+bound morpheme)
immidiate constituent
Television, destruct, Coursebook, babysit,
Stay, taken, spirits
terminate high-born

Trong nhóm Compound có 4 loại từ:


1. Compound Nouns:
N Schoolchild, bus stop, fire-fly
V_ing Trainsporting
N+
Prep Passer-by
A …
A Full moon
V_ing +N Cutting board
Prep Underworld
V_prep Go-between
other Aslo-ran, has-been, higher up
2. Compound Verbs:
V +V Stir-fry
N House-sit
A Deep-fry
Prep Underwrite

3. Compound Adjective
A-Participal Easy-going, bad-tempered
ADV-Past Participal Newly-born, well-know
N-A Ice-cold, snow-white, stone-grey
A-A Bittersweet
Prep-A overripe

4. Compound Prepositions
Two-part C Together with, due to, apart from
Three-part C In spite of, on account of

PHÂN LOẠI COMPOUND:


Derivitional The derivitional suffix is attached to Footballer, absent-
the combinaton as a whole, not to minded, five-colored
one of its elements
Repetitive Reduplicative: second element is Murmur, tap-tap
proper repetition of thr first element
Ablaut: a repetition in the other Chit-chat, ping-pong,
constituent with a different vowel zig zag
Rhyme: 2 elements conjoined to Hurly-burly, boogie,
rhyme woogie

7. Syllables: unit of sound (containing s vowel and one or more consonants) into
which a word is devoded.
8. IMMEDIATE CONSTUTUENT ANALYSIS is a system of grammatical
anlysis that divides sentences into successive layers constituent until, in the
final layer, each constituent consists of only a word or meaningful part of a
word
9. Allomorphs: are different realizations of a morpheme which are semantically
similar but not phonoligically different (are various phonemic shapes that
represent the same morpheme)
Additive Replacive Suppletive Zero
Something is A sound is used to Complete change No different
added to a word replace another in the shape of
sound in a word word
Child children Goose geese Buy bought Come(have)com
Leach  leaches Little  less e

PHÂN LOẠI DỰA TRÊN CÁCH HÌNH THÀNH TỪ


Creating entirely new
COINAGE
words
Taking words form other
BORROWING
languages
Combining 2 or more
COMPOUNDING
words
BLENDING Merging parts of 2 words
CLIPPING Shortening longer words
Removing a perceived
BACKFORMATION
affix from
Changing the
grammatical function of a
CONVERSION
word without altering its
form
From the initial letters of
ACRONYMS
a series os word
Adding affixes to
AFFIXATION
existing words
SYNTAX

1. Tree diagrams: are visual representation of the syntactic structure of


sentences
2. Understanding the hierarchical structure of sentences, showing how
words and phrases are grouped and related to each other.

Determiner(and/or Pre-determiner headNOUN Post-


Pre-determiner modifiers

Article (Art) Quantifier Demonstrative Possessive Possessive


(Q/Quan) (Dem) (PossA) (PossPro)
a/an, the All, very, This, My, your, her, Mine, yours,
many, each,… that,these, its,their,… hers, its,
those,… theirs, ours,
his

Trợ động từ Các trợ động từ chính bao gồm:


(Auxiliary
Verbs) trong  Be: am, is, are, was, were, being, been
tiếng Anh là  Have: has, have, had, having
những động từ  Do: do, does, did
đi kèm với động
từ chính để tạo Các trợ động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs):
thành một cụm
động từ, giúp  Can, could
diễn tả đầy đủ ý  May, might
nghĩa của câu.  Must
Chúng đóng vai  Will, would
trò quan trọng  Shall, should
trong việc hình  Need
thành các thì,  Ought to
thể, câu hỏi, câu  Dare
phủ định...
Giới từ  Giới từ chỉ vị trí: in, on, at, above, below, beside,
between, among, in front of, behind, inside, outside, near, far
 Giới từ chỉ thời gian: at, on, in, before, after, during, for,
since
 Giới từ chỉ cách thức: by, with, without, like, as
 Giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân, mục đích: because of, for,
from, of
 Các giới từ khác: about, across, along, around, down,
into, off, through, to, up
Liên từ for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, both...and, either...or,
(Conjunction) neither...nor, not only...but also, because, although, though,
when, while, if, unless, before, after, since, as, as if, as
though, in order that, so that, provided that, supposing that, in
case, even if, even though, as soon as, no sooner...than,
scarcely...when, as long as
Complementizer  that
 if
 whether
 whether...or
 if...then
 when
 while
 because
 although
Object is a word or phrase that describes or renames the direct object
complement of a sentence. It usually comes directly after the direct object.

Trợ động từ (Auxiliary Verbs) trong tiếng Anh là những động từ đi kèm với
động từ chính để tạo thành một cụm động từ, giúp diễn tả đầy đủ ý nghĩa của câu.
Chúng đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc hình thành các thì, thể, câu hỏi, câu phủ
định...
Các trợ động từ chính bao gồm:

 Be: am, is, are, was, were, being, been


 Have: has, have, had, having
 Do: do, does, did

Các trợ động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs):

 Can, could
 May, might
 Must
 Will, would
 Shall, should
 Need
 Ought to
 Dare
10.Inflection – Sự biến thể hình thái
11.Derivation - Sự phái sinh hình thái
12.Prefix - Tiếp đầu ngữ
13.Suffix - Tiếp vị ngữ
14.Root - Gốc từ
15.Stem - Thân từ
16.Compound - Từ ghép
17.Affix - Tiếp ngữ
18.Lexeme - Từ vựng
19.Phoneme - Âm vị
20.Allomorph – Tha hình vị
21.Conjugation - Sự chia động từ
22.Agreement - Sự hợp nhất
23.Gender - Giới tính
24.Number - Số lượng
25.Case - Cách thức
26.Tense - Thì
27.Aspect - Khía cạnh
28.Mood - Thể
29.Voice - Thể của động từ
30.Adjective - Tính từ
31.Noun - Danh từ
32.Verb - Động từ
33.Adverb - Trạng từ
34.Pronoun - Đại từ
35.Preposition - Giới từ
36.Conjunction - Liên từ
37.Article - Mạo từ
38.Clitic - Tiếp ngữ không tự do
39.Reduplication - Nhân đôi
40.Suppletion - Thay thế
41.Syncretism - Sự hợp nhất hình thái
42.Paradigm - Hệ thống hình thái
43.Morphological - Thuộc về ngữ pháp hình thái
44.Allophone - Tha âm vị
45.Phonology - Âm vị học
46.Phonetics - Ngữ âm học
47.Grammatical - Thuộc về ngữ pháp
48.Linguistics - Ngôn ngữ học
49.Language - Ngôn ngữ
50.Word Formation - Hình thành từ/ Cấu tạo từ
51.Etymology - Nguồn gốc từ
52.Morphological Analysis - Phân tích ngữ pháp hình thái
53.Bound Morpheme – Hình vị phụ thuộc
54.Free Morpheme – Hình vị tự do
55.Plural - Số nhiều
56.Singular - Số ít
57.Comparative - So sánh
58.Superlative - So sánh nhất
59.Infix - Tiếp ngữ giữa/ trung tố
60.Circumfix – chu tố

You might also like