PLANNING

MODULE 3 – URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

URBAN PLANNING – ordering and managing ANCIENT TIMES
the use of land Rectilinear plotting
example: METRO MANILA
 ANCIENT GREECE
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING – also known
HIPPODAMUS – Greek architect that
as urban and regional planning and
emphasized geometric design gride pattern
regulating the use and development of land
of streets
and water resources
 ANCIENT ROME
REGIONAL PLANNING – placement of land-
use across a larger area of land than an VITRUVIUS – wrote De Architectura, system
individual city or town of grid iron streets, collonaded plaza
example: NCR
MEDIEVAL TIMES
URBAN AREA – population of 500 person Radiocentric pattern; town walls or
per hectare fortification
URBANIZABLE AREAS – potential of RENAISSANCE
becoming urban areas within the period of Piazza; grandeur civic structure; wide
five (5) years rectangular streets
URBANIZATION – growth in population PIERRE CHARLES L’ENFANT – planned
living in urban areas Washington D.C
METROPOLITAN AREA – population of PLANNING CONCEPT
100,000 or more inhabitants
CODEX ATLANTICUS – Leonardo da Vinci
MEGAPOLIS – interconnected group of cities A city straddling a river
EKISTICS – Doxiadis LINEAR CITY – Arturo Y Mata “Ciudad
a science of human settlements Lineal”
A linear utility line should be the basis of all
HEIRARCHY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
city layout
1. Hamlet; small village
CONSERVATIONISTS and PARK MOVEMENT
2. Community; town – Frederick Law Olmstead
A city should be planned two generations
3. City; urban area
ahead
4. Metropolis
GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT – Ebenezer
5. CONURBATION; 2 metropolis combined Howard
A city separated by garden space
6. MEGALOPOLIS; 10 million or more people
SOCIAL CITY concept – Ebenezer Howard
7. EPEROPOLIS; 7,500 million people 3 magnets paradigm
8. ECUMENOPOLIS; 50,000 million people Town, City and Town-City

LETCHWORTH - 1st Garden City; 35,000

person; 16,000 population; 100 factories
WORLD PLANNING HISTORY
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WELWYN – 2nd Garden City; 40,000 person; proposed the Broadacres city – every family
18,000 population; 75 factories should live on an acre of land
proposed Mile-High Illinois Tower – 4x the
CITY BEAUTIFUL ERA – Daniel Burnham
height of Empire State Building
Proponent of City Beautiful Movement
URBAN THEORIST
PLANNING IN THE PHILIPPINES
CONSTANTINE DIOXIADIS – wrote Ekistics
Grid Pre-colonial era
A system for recording and planning data
BARANGAY is the basic socio-political unit
LEWIS MUMFORD – wrote The City In
Spanish era
History
All of the history in planning from the very Manila became capital
beginning
1573- Law of Indies
THE NEW COMMUNITIES MOVEMENT
1600 to 1700s – cabeceras (poblaciones)
CLARENCE STEIN – Radburn Idea or “New visitas (barrios), debajo de las campanas
Town Idea” (living under the bells)
Separation of pedestrian and vehicular
traffic American era
Super Block – large block surrounded by 1905 – Manila and Baguio plans of Daniel
main roads, and houses around cul-de-sac Burnham, introduced the City Beautiful
CLARENCE PERRY – wrote The 1910 – hygiene and sanitary facilities
Neighborhood Unit
To create a walking distance community 1920 – Barrio Obrero or working-class
district evolved
THE REGIONAL CITY
1928 – zoning ordinance for Manila
PATRICK GEDDES – “Survey before plan”
wrote Cities in Evolution Post-colonial era
coined the word “conurbation”
RA 333 – DESIGNATED Quezon City as the
MODERN ARCHITECTURE and new Capital
PLANNING
1950 – National Planning Commission was
TONY GARNIER – wrote Une Cite Industrielle established (NEDA)
(Industrial City)
RA 2264 – Autonomy Act of 1959 zoning
composed with imaginary site (high plateau
ordinances
and level valley along a river)
1973 – National Economic Developmnet
CHARLE-EDUOARD JENNERET – Le
Authority (NEDA)
Corbusier
proposed La Ville Radieuse “Radiant City” 1975 – PD 824 creating of Metropolitan
to promote condominiums or residentials in Manila Area (MMA) and Metropolitan Manila
a building Commission (MMC)
planned Chandigarh India
THEORIES IN URBAN AND REGIONAL
LUCIO COSTA – planned Brasilia PLANNING
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT – wrote The
Disappearing City
 PLANNING
CONCENTRIC ZONE THEORY (Burgees, DILG MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 92-41 –
1992) prepare annual investment program
EO No. 72 – update land use plan
TWO COMPREHENSIVE PLANS MANDATED
BY LGU FOR CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) –
Physical Plan. 10 years plan
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) –
SECTOR THEORY (Hoyt, 1934) Multi-Sectoral Plan. Plan to guide the future
actions of community
LOCAL PLANNING STRUCTURE
BARANGAY – basic political unit; serves as
primary planning and implementing unit of
government
MUNICIPALITY – group of barangay; serves
MULTIPLE NUCLEI THEORY (Ullman & as general purpose government
Harris, 1945)
CITY – more urbanized and developed
barangay
PROVINCE – cluster of municipalities and
component cities; serves as dynamic
mechanism for developmental process
ZONING ORDINANCES
RA 7160 – prepare their comprehensive
land use plans enacted through zoning
ordinances
ZONING – division of community into zones
or districts
COMPONENTS OF ZONING
COMPREHENSIVE LAND AND WATER
ZONING MAP – graphical designation
USE PLANNING
location of different “zones”
Legal Basis for Planning
ZONING ORDINANCE – text that specifies in
1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION – basis for
detail what may be constructed in each
all development
zone
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 –
TYPES OF ZONING
mandates LGU to have comprehensive
multi-sectoral plan TRADITIONAL (EUCLIDIAN) ZONING – hindi
pwedeng mag sama sama ang different
OP MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2 –
sector. Example; residential only,
formulate respective medium-term plan
commercial and industrial is not allowed
and public investment program
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NON-CUMULATIVE ZONING – Example; PUD,
mixed-use development
SPECIAL USE ZONING – retains usual
residential, commercial and industrial zone.
Example; Vigan and La Mesa Ecopark
SPOT ZONING – singling out small parcel of
land use classification totally different from
surrounding area. Example; Torre Manila,
became an eye sore to Luneta
BONUS or INCENTIVE ZONING – will allow
increase residential densities if developers
will include some units earmarked for low
and moderate-income tenants
TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS -
Example; transfer of air rights
INCLUSIONARY ZONING - Example; Housing
PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT - community
of single-family homes, and sometimes
condos or townhomes, where every
homeowner belongs to a home owners
association
CLUSTER ZONING – free the site designer
from Euclidian zoning while letting the
community retain control of over-all effects
of developer. Example; Subdivision with
green space will be preserved and turn to a
park or golf area
PERFORMANCE ZONING/FLEXIBLE ZONING –
Example; Buildings may be capable for
vertical or horizontal expansion in the
future
DEVELOPMENTAL AGREEMENT – Example;
Public Private Partnership PPP
EXACTIONS – municipality may be offering
subsidies or tax abatements. Example;
Private companies paying the government
to build a commercial space