ART APPRECIATION

MODULE 2: Aesthetic Arts and Crafts

Instructress: Ma’am Hannah R. Combatir, LPT

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 explain the difference between aesthetic arts and crafts;
 identify the types of arts and crafts;
 discuss the principles in understanding artistic composition; and
 enumerate the motivated functions of art.

The Difference between Aesthetic Arts and Crafts

Aesthetics is from the Greek word eisthesis

which means “perception.” It is a branch of philosophy
devoted to the study of art and beauty used during the
18th century by Alexander Baumgarten, a German
philosopher. This term also refers to the principles
governing the nature and appreciation of beauty,
especially in visual art (Rader, 1979).

On the other hand, the term craft comes from a German word Kraft which means
“power” or “ability.” It usually employed in branches of the decorative arts or associated
artistic practice. It also implies the application of human skills through the use of a
hand. It tends to produce things for various human purposes, and tend to exhibit their
prettiness around a goal external to the object itself (Dutton, 1990).

Arts and Crafts started during the 19th century in

Europe as a design reform and as a social movement
motivated by the William Morris. It involves activities
related to making things which require a combination of
skill, speed, and patience.

William Morris who was born on March 24, 1834, in

Walthamstow, England was known for his pattern
designs, particularly on fabrics, and wallpapers. As a proponent of socialist ideals,
Morris believed that a designer should have the skill of any media in producing designs
that intricate intertwining fruit, flower, and foliage pattern. He died on October 3, 1896,
at the age of 62 years old in London, England.

Types of Arts and Crafts

Artists may have unique skills and perceptive abilities, but they are also people with
needs and the motivation to meet those needs. Creating different works of art that are
accepted by one’s audience can lead to an artist’s social acceptance and recognition.
Their works of art have been used to create pleasing environments. Arts and crafts
have different types, namely: textile wood, metal, paper or canvass, and plant crafts.

Textile Crafts. The word textile is from a Latin phrase texere which means “to
braid" or "to construct." These also refer to any craft where you work with fabric, yarn or
surface design. It uses plant or any synthetic fibers in creating practical or decorative
objects. These include the following:

1. Cross-stitch- Stitching can also be a form

of natural pain relief. It is a popular form of
counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped
stitches in a tiled, raster-like pattern are used
to form a picture.

2. Crocket- It is a process of creating fabric

from yarn, thread, or other material strands
using a crochet hook.
3. Sewing- It is the crafts of fastening or
attaching objects using stitches made with a
needle and thread.

4. Weaving- It is a fabric production method

in which yarns are interlaced at right angles to
form a fabric or cloth.

5. Tatting- It is a technique for handcrafting

particularly in making durable lace which is
constructed by a series of knots and loops.

6. Shoemaking- It is the process of making

footwear.
7. Lace- It is an openwork fabric, patterned
with open holes in the work, made by machine
or by hand.

8. Macramé- It is a form of textile-making

which requires very few tools and just some
pure knowledge of basic knotting.

9. Millinery- It is the designing and

manufacture of hats.

10. String art- It is an arrangement of

colored thread strung between points to form
an abstract geometric design.
 Wood Crafts. These refer to a skill that pertains to the woods, especially in making
one's way through the woods or in hunting, trapping, etc. It also relates to subsistence
lifestyles with implications of hunting-gathering (Horace, 1906). These include the
following:

1. Carpentry- It is a skilled trade in the

cutting, shaping, and installation of building
materials during the construction of buildings.

2. Marquetry- It is the art and craft of

applying pieces of veneer (thin slices of wood)
to a structure to form decorative designs.

3. Woodturning- It is a form of woodworking

that is used to create wooden objects.

4. Wood carving- It is a form of woodworking

to form a wooden figure or objects by using a
knife or a chisel.
 5. Cabinetry- It is a skill in making a box-
shaped piece of furniture with doors and
drawers for keeping various objects.

6. Upholstery- It is the work of building

cushion and cover furniture.

Metal Crafts. These refer to the art of executing artistic designs in metal for both
practical and aesthetic purposes. These arts are designed for decorative items or
functional objects that are beneficial and useful to us all. These works are of bronze,
silver, gold, tin, copper, lead, brass, and iron. These include the following:

1. Jewelry- It is a form of personal

adornments, such as brooches, rings,
necklaces, earrings, and bracelets.
 2. Metal Casting- It is a process by which
a liquid material (bronze, copper, glass,
aluminum, and iron) is poured into a mold,
which contains a hollow cavity of the
desired shape, and then allowed to
solidify.

3. Welded sculpture- It is an art form in

which statue is made using welding
techniques.

Paper or Canvas Crafts. It refers to an extremely durable plain-woven fabric used

for making backpacks, tents, marquees, and other sustainable items. These include the
following:

1. Bookbinding- It is the process of

physically assembling a book from some
folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other
material.
2. Card making- It is a hand-made
technique for producing greeting cards.

3. Collage- It is a technique where the

artwork is made from an assemblage of
different forms, thus creating a new whole.

4. Origami- It is a Japanese cultural art of

paper folding.

5. Paper-Mache- It is a composite material

consisting of paper pieces or pulp,
sometimes reinforced with textiles, bound
with an adhesive.
 6. Scrapbooking- It refers to a method
of arranging, preserving, and presenting
personal and family history in a book
form.

7. Rubber Stamping- It is a craft in

which some type of ink made of dye or
pigment applied to an image or pattern
that carved, molded, laser engraved or
vulcanized, onto a sheet of rubber.

Plants Crafts- These refer to skills using plant parts as the medium. These include
the following:

1. Corn dolly making- It relates to the

making of shapes and figures (known as
‘dollies’) from straw (such as barley, oats,
and wheat).
 2. Floral Design- It is the art of using
plant materials and flowers to create a
pleasing and balanced composition.

3. Pressed flower craft- consists of

drying flower petals and leaves in a
flower press to flatten and exclude light
and moisture.

Principles of Understanding Artistic Design and Composition

Art principles are created by combining art elements. Artists utilize organizing
principles to develop forms that inform. Among the fundamental principle of art are
harmony, variety, balance, movement, emphasis, proportion, and rhythm. Whether
analyzing or composing artwork, one must have a complete understanding of how art
principles are created (Elsen, 1981).

The Principle of Harmony. When all of the elements of art interact well in an
artwork, visual harmony is attained. This is accomplished by using similar types of
geometric shapes, lines or colors within a work of art to create a unified composition.
Likewise, using various cool or warm colors would help to produce a harmonious work
of art.

The Principle of Variety. A stable composition will also demonstrate the principle
of variety. It is accomplished by using differing colors, lines, and shapes within an
artwork to make key areas stand out. Artists can use this idea to direct a viewer’s eye
to a place within the art that he or she wants to emphasize.
 The Principle of Balance. It refers to the symmetry of opposing visual forces. It is
created in a work of art when colors, forms, shapes or textures are combined
harmoniously.

The Principle of Movement. It is the way that an eye moves throughout a work of
art. In this work of art, our eye moves up through the pattern in the rippling surface of
the water to the two paddlers. An artist creates a visual movement to drive the eye to
the focal point of the artwork.

The Principle of Emphasis. It refers to the need for an artist to create a focal
point within an artwork. This artistic point is an essential part of a work of art, and the
viewer’s eye should draw to that area.

The Principle of Proportion. This principle is created when the sizes of elements
in an artwork art are combined harmoniously. The artist usually tries to make all of the
parts in a composition relate logically to each other to depict the human form within the
proper proportion.

The Principle of Rhythm. It refers to the use of visual pattern within a work of art.
Models within an artwork are created by repeating certain colors, line or shapes in
specific areas. It can also be used to form a variety of texture within a work of art.

Motivated Functions of Art

The motivated purposes of art are intentional and conscious actions on the part of
the artist. Art may bring political change or comment on the life in a society. It may also
convey specific propaganda, or just as a form of communication (Holly, 2002). Primary
motivated functions of arts are as follows:

a. Art for Acting. Art may pursue to bring about a certain emotion, to relax or to
entertain the viewer.
b. Art for healing. Art is utilized by art therapists, psychotherapists, and clinical
psychologists as art therapy. The end product is a method of curing, through creative
acts.
c. Art for political change. One of the essential functions of the art of the early
twentieth
century has been to use visual images to bring about legislative modification.
d. Art for propaganda (Commercialism). Art is utilized to influence popular ideas or
moods delicately.
e. Art for communication. Art has a goal, directed toward another individual. For
example, graphic is a form of art for communication in which the artist expresses his/her
emotions, feelings, and moods.

ASSIGNMENT

Study and practice making different origami design

On Wednesday, ftf, bring the following:

- Construction papers (assorted color)
- Scissors
- Pencil and Coloring materials
- Glue
- 1/4 size Illustration board