LAYARS OF THE SKIN
SKIN IS THE LARGEST ORGAN OF THE
HUMAN BODY AND IS COMPOSED OF
MULTIPLE LAYER.
WHAT ARE THE LAYARS OF THE SKIN:
1- Epidermis.
2- Dermis.
3- Hypodermis.
Epidermis The outer skin layer that:
• Provides a waterproof barrier.
• acts as a protective barrier against the environment.
• consists of keratinocytes and melanocytes.
The epidermis is subdivided into five layers or strata:
1- stratum basale.
2- stratum spinosum.
3- stratum granulosum.
4- stratum lucidum.
5- Stratum corneum.
1- stratum coneum: The outer layer of the skin, this is made of scale like cells that are
continuously shed (corn flakes).
2- stratum lucidum: It’s a thin, transparent layer of keratinocytes that are becoming less round
and have a flatter shape
3- stratum granulosum: This is usually 1-3 layers thick.
The cells have distinct granules and keratin is produced in this layer.
4- stratum spinosum: This layer mostly consists of keratinocytes.
5- Stratum basale (stratum germinativum): The stratum basale is in the deepest layer of your
epidermis.
New skin cells develop in this layer. It also contains the keratinocyte stem cells, which produce
the protein keratin.
It also contains melanocytes which are responsible for producing melanin, which provides the
pigment of your epidermis.
Diagram of a cross section of the epidermis
Dermis The middle skin layer containing:
• Blood vessels.
• Hair follicles.
• Sweat glands.
• Nerves.
Your dermis consists of two layers:
1- Reticular dermis: The reticular layer is the bottom layer of your dermis. It’s
thick, and it contains blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, lymphatics, nerves and
fat cells. A net-like structure of elastin fibers and collagen fibers surrounds the
reticular dermis. These fibers support your skin’s overall structure, as well as
allow it to move and stretch.
2- Papillary dermis: The papillary layer is the top layer of your dermis. It’s much
thinner than the reticular dermis. It consists of collagen fibers, fibroblast cells, fat
cells, blood vessels (capillary loops), nerve fibers.
Hypodermis The innermost skin layer consisting of:
• Fat.
• Connective tissue.
provides insulation, and energy
storage for the body.
ACNE
Acne is a common skin condition where the pores of your skin clog. Pore
blockages produce blackheads, whiteheads and other types of pimples.
Pimples are pus-filled, sometimes painful, bumps on your skin.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF ACNE?
There are several types of acne:
1- Fungal acne: Fungal acne occurs when yeast builds up in your hair
follicles. These can be itchy and inflamed.
2- Cystic acne: Cystic acne causes deep, pus-filled pimples and nodules.
These can cause scars.
3- Hormonal acne: Hormonal acne affects adults who have an
overproduction of sebum that clogs their pores.
4- Nodular acne: Nodular acne is a severe form of acne that causes
pimples on the surface of your skin.
WHERE ON MY BODY WILL I HAVE ACNE?
The most common places where you might have acne are on your:
.Face
.Forehead
.Chest
.Shoulders
.Upper back
The common locations of acne are where oil glands exist the most
Symptoms and Causes
What are the symptoms of acne?
Symptoms of acne on your skin include:
.Pimples (pustules): Pus-filled bumps (papules).
.Papules: Small, discolored bumps.
.Blackheads: Plugged pores with a black top.
.Whiteheads: Plugged pores with a white top.
.Nodules: Large lumps under your skin that are painful.
.Cysts: Painful fluid-filled (pus) lumps under your skin.
What causes acne?
Clogged hair follicles or pores cause acne.
Your pores can clog with:
1- Sebum: An oily substance that provides a
protective barrier for your skin.
2- Bacteria: Small amounts of bacteria naturally live
on your skin.
If you have too much bacteria, it can clog your pores.
3- Dead skin cells: Your skin cells shed often to make
room for more cells to grow.
How is acne treated?
Salicylic acid
Topical acne medications:
1-Benzoyl beroxide.
2- Salicylic acid.
3- Azelaic acid.
4- Retinoids.
5- Antibiotics.
6- Dapsone.
Azelaic acid
How can I make my acne go away at home?
If you have acne, you can start an at-home skin care routine to help your acne go
away by:
1. Washing your skin at least once daily with warm (not hot) water.
2. Washing your skin after you exercise or sweat.
3. Avoid using skin care products with alcohol, toners and exfoliants, which can
irritate your skin.
4. Removing your makeup before bed.
5. Choosing an oil-free moisturizer to apply on your skin after cleansing.
6. Avoid popping, picking or squeezing your acne. Let your skin heal naturally to
prevent scars from forming on your skin.
Biosar Oily Skin Care Routine:
Packed with a powerhouse of active ingredients:
• Salicylic Acid: Penetrates deep into pores to tackle acne-
causing bacteria, clearing blemishes for a brighter,
healthier complexion.
• Tea Tree Oil: With its natural antibacterial properties, it
fights breakouts while soothing irritated skin
• Niacinamide: Reduces inflammation, tightens pores, and
helps control excess oil production.
• Panthenol: Locks in moisture, calming and nourishing the
skinfor lasting hydration.
1- Effectively removes makeup and impurities,
even from sensitive areas like the eyes.
2- Specially formulated for oily and
combination skin.
3- Deep cleanses while preserving your skin's
natural moisture.
4- Lightweight formula that soothes and
refreshes.
1- Lightweight formula
2- Acne-friendly ingredients.
3- Moisturizes and soothes.
4- Perfect for daily use.
We can also use other Bio Sar products to lighten the skin and prevent
acne scars, pigmentation and sunburn, such as:
Formulated with Niacinamide, Alpha Arbutin,
Hyaluronic Acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin E,
Panthenol, Tranexamic Acid, Peptides, Lactic
Acid, Glycolic Acid, and Salix Alba (Willow Bark
Extract).
Niacinamide and Alpha Arbutin work
together to brighten theskin and even out
skin tone, while Hyaluronic Acid provides
intense hydration, plumping the skin and
reducing the appearance of fine lines and
wrinkles.
Vitamin C and Vitamin E, antioxidant
protection, help fight environmental
damage and promote youthful, radiant
skin.
Panthenol, Tranexamic Acid, and
Peptides help to soothe and nourish the
skin, while Lactic Acid and Glycolic
Acid gently exfoliate.
And many Bio Sar products for skin and hair care.
