computed radiography

Question Answer
CR or computed imaging plate
radiography uses what?
CR is indirect capture , cassette-based and film-less.
CR is used where? HHPO,POI, TLI, HMC fugi portables, and DR/DF rooms will allow for use of CR imaging plates.
the tube side of the
cassette is made out of radiolucent (black side) carbon fiber or backer light material
what?
radiolucent allows xray beam to penetrate
the back side of a
cassette is made out of radio-opaque lead foil which prevents back scatter which would fog the IP (imaging plate)
what?
radio-opaque does not allow x ray beam to penetrate
what is the purpose of a
cassette in CR? it holds and protects the IP (imaging plate) and contains the bar code to ID
the bar code allows for
the detection of what? the correct patient and histogram (projection)
IP imaging plate
where is the imaging mounted inside the cassette onto the backside of the cassette
plate?
is the IP reusable? yes
the imaging plate is the
acquisition or capture of the latent image
what ?
what is the latent image? the invisible image on an imaging plate prior to processing
IP construction/ #1 antistatic layer mounted onto the backside of the cassette which protects from handling artifacts. also contains bar
backing code information
IP construction/ #2 base made up of polyethylene terephalate which provides mechanical support for phosphor layer
IP construction/ #3 anti- anti-halo- blue tint and reflective layer- white color coupled together to prevent laser light from penetrating but
halo/reflective layer allows reflected light to be emitted to phosphor. helps reduce noise (grainy appearance)
IP construction/ #4 photostimulable phosphor (PSP- gives off light twice ), which collects or acquires the latent image
phosphor (active)
PSP construction
needle/columnar phosphor crystals arranged as needles or columns
phosphor
PSP construction trubid phosphor crystals distributed throughout a phosphor layer. less patient does also lost of detail/spatial resolution
phosphor
PSP barium fluorohalide doped with europium x halide (gives off light) can be bromide,chlorine or iodine, etc
europium/activator impurity to allow luminescence has excess e- at ground level
IP construction/ #5
protective layer protects from handling artifacts. points towards the tube and allows for cleaning- approx 3 months
what is used when
cleaning the protective denatured alcohol and gauze pad
layer?
acquisition of latent (invis image on IP) x radiation ionizes europium sites causing them to release free e- free e-s are moved to a higher
image energy band called f center. f center holds e- in bound state. # of trapped e-s is equal to absorbed radiation
f center stands for what? fabre, which means color
what is on the CR exam list screen (Worklist)- patient data and bar code reader
console?
look up table is where the gray scale rendered or default visible manifest image appears after processing. where
LUT widow width or range can be adjusted. changing the window level changes brightness or density. image data from
histogram is rescaled also
practical tips for CR erase plate if unsure of what is on it or it has not been used in 48 hours. erase plate a 2nd time if double used or large
imaging plate patient/part which prevents ghosting. process within 1 hr of exp to avoid image denigration (fading)latent image loses
25% in 8 hrs
practical tips continued do not turn tube w/ grid or you will get grid lines. blue line down if LW/ to your right if CW
IP sensitive to radiation to low intensity radiation, back ground exp on stored IP responds to 60 uR. avg back ground in room is 40-80 uR per
day
IP sensitive to scatter do not leave IP in rooms because of back s/s
speed class CR image acquisition operation that affects exposure index and auto rescaling
auto rescaling software that rescales image brightness to present level over exposure range of 100
image appearance determined by receptor exposure. average value is 200
is the sensitivity number. inversly related to the level of exposure that the psp plate receives. doubling expo. reduces S
S number value by half. incr. the expo. a PSP plate receives decreases the S #. decreasing tthe expo a PSP plate receives incr. the
S#
konica, FUGI, and phillips range 100-200 (HHMC,TLI,POI) above underexposed, high quantum mottle noise due to
image display
low MAs/ below overexposed
EI exposure index- logarithm based exposure index directly related to the exposure level a PSP plate receives
ROI region of interest - area that you collimate to level of interest
when does the EXI
appear? when 1 mR reaches the IR varies per manufacturer
TEI target exposure index- when image is optimally exposed. determined by facility
what leads to corruption poor centering, incorrect collimation, lead shields, metallic object in the body and if unable to use at least 33% of IR
of EI?
Agfa log base
lgM logarithm of a histogram median. directly related to expo. a PSP plate receives an is log based
IR image reader device
processing the latent load the cassette into the IRD. IP scanned twice by helium neon laser beam
image
pre read or slow scan, done at low intensity. used to set boundaries of collimation for the image & determines range of
1st scan pixel densities
2nd scan fast progressive scanning/ 2nd phase of light. main read for fast scan increased intensity. scanned by narrowly
collimated laser for maximum detail. laser causes phosphors to emit stored latent image in the form of light photons
PMT photo multiplier tube which is the A-D converter
laser causes trapped e- at f center to be released called photostimulated excitement. e- go back to europium site and
conversion of latent into give off bluish purple light called photostimulated luminance. light is collected and sent to the PMT. PMT converts
manifest image
light into elect. si
slow scan 1st scan which uses a constant motor driven system to precisely move IP along long axis of laser which helps reduce
banding artifacts. laser scans perpen. to grid lines to prevent aliasing artifacts
aliasing artifacts/ grid
moire due to imaging grid lines across pixels. choose grids with thinner lead strips
shuttering/cropping prevents eyestrain because of the white border. do not crop off anatomy of interest
stitching used in scoliosis treatment
LSR limiting spatial resolution- an indicator of the detectors ability to resolve small structures
MTF measure of spatial resolution. best method to express image quality of detector system
system malfunctions ghost image, dead pixels, erasure, readout problems, printer distortion, banding and laser jitter
ghost image electrons staying in f center. to prevent double erase
dead pixels can cause white spots and or dust
what corrects banding high frequency progressive scanning and thinner grid lines prevent banding.