WORD FORMATION
RULES
ADJECTIVES NOUNS
HAPPY
HAPPINESS
KIND
KINDNESS
FAMOUS
FAME
CREATIVE
CREATIVITY
ACTIVE
ACTIVITY
NOUNS
1. Friend - Friendship
2. Teach - Teacher
3. Decide - Decision
4. Relax - Relaxation
5. Use - Usage
VERBS
1. Achieve - Achievement
2. Inform - Information
3. Develop - Development
4. Create - Creation
5. Introduce - Introduction
Negative Adjective
1. Unhappy - Happiness
2. Unkind - Kindness
3. Disagree - Agreement
4. Irregular - Regular
5. Imperfect - Perfect
RULES FOR NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES
1. Prefix "un-"
● Use "un-" to negate many adjectives.
● Examples:
○ Happy → Unhappy
○ Kind → Unkind
○ Clear → Unclear
RULES FOR NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES
2. Prefix "in-"
● Use "in-" with adjectives starting with "r," "l," "s," or "m."
● Examples:
○ Possible → Impossible
○ Accurate → Inaccurate
Mature → Immature
RULES FOR NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES
3. Prefix "dis-"
● Use "dis-" to indicate a reversal or negation, often with adjectives
derived from verbs.
● Examples:
○ Agree → Disagree
○ Like → Dislike
RULES FOR NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES
4. Prefix "non-"
● Use "non-" to indicate absence or negation, often with nouns or
adjectives.
● Examples:
○ Fiction → Nonfiction
○ Professional → Nonprofessional
RULES FOR NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES
5. Prefix "a-" or "an-"
● Use "a-" or "an-" for certain adjectives, especially in scientific or
formal contexts.
● Examples:
○ Ethical → Unethical
○ Typical → Atypical
COMMON NOUN SUFFIXES
1. -tion / -sion
○ Examples:
■ Create → Creation
■ Decide → Decision
■ Expand → Expansion
2. -ness
○ Examples:
■ Happy → Happiness
■ Kind → Kindness
■ Dark → Darkness
COMMON NOUN SUFFIXES
1. -ment
○ Examples:
■ Develop → Development
■ Agree → Agreement
■ Enjoy → Enjoyment
2. -er / -or
○ Examples:
■ Teach → Teacher
■ Act → Actor
■ Direct → Director
COMMON NOUN SUFFIXES
1. -ity
○ Examples:
■ Able → Ability
■ Dense → Density
■ Active → Activity
2. -hood
○ Examples:
■ Child → Childhood
■ Brother → Brotherhood
■ Neighbor → Neighborhood
COMMON NOUN SUFFIXES
1. -ship
○ Examples:
■ Friend → Friendship
■ Leader → Leadership
■ Citizen → Citizenship
2. -ive
○ Examples:
■ Create → Creative
■ Act → Active
■ Collect → Collective
COMMON NOUN SUFFIXES
1. -age
○ Examples:
■ Manage → Management
■ Band → Bandage
■ Marry → Marriage
2. -ism
○ Examples:
■ Artist → Artism
■ Social → Socialism
■ Critique → Criticism
Noun Suffixes and Their MeaningS
1. -tion / -sion
○ Meaning: Indicates the action or result of a verb.
○ Examples:
■ Creation (the act of creating)
■ Decision (the act of deciding)
2. -ness
○ Meaning: Denotes a state, quality, or condition.
○ Examples:
■ Happiness (the state of being happy)
■ Kindness (the quality of being kind)
3. -ment
○ Meaning: Refers to the action or result of a verb, similar to "-tion."
○ Examples:
■ Development (the process of developing)
Noun Suffixes and Their MeaningS
1. -hood
○ Meaning: Denotes a state or condition, often relating to a specific group
or age.
○ Examples:
■ Childhood (the state of being a child)
■ Brotherhood (the condition of being brothers)
2. -ship
○ Meaning: Indicates a state, condition, or quality, often relating to a
relationship.
○ Examples:
■ Friendship (the state of being friends)
■ Leadership (the position or quality of being a leader)
3. -ive
○ Meaning: Denotes a tendency, disposition, or quality.
