WRITING PART 2

Các loại essay

1. For and Against Essay

key questions- discuss (bình luận) the advantages (những điểm thuận lợi) and
disadvantages (những điểm bất lợi)

- discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion
(và đưa ra ý kiến cá nhân)

- discuss both views (bình luận 2 quan điểm)/sides of the argument

- discuss both views/sides of the argument and then give your own.

Introduction (1) giới thiệu chủ để = diễn giải lại câu chủ để= thay đổi từ vựng, hoặc thay
đổi cấu trúc

(2) thesis statement (câu lập luận)

- The essay will discuss……

- The essay will examine (chưsng minh) this question from both
points of view and…….

- This essay discussed {View A}, and {View B}, and then I
will give my own opinion

VD: The essay will discuss both sides of the arguments and give my
own perspective on the matters
body (thân bài) : Đoạn thân bài 1:

3 thành tố Advantages of taking online courses

1. topic đoạn thân bài 2:

sentence
(câu chủ Disadvantages of taking online courses
đề)
đoạn 1: Advantages:
2. explanatio
n (giải topic sentences:
thích, biện
luận) I would like to begin with the advantages of online courses. The first
3. example advantage is that…it is convenient for learners…… (giải thích thêm). The
(s) second/Another advantage is that…learning online saves cost for traveling
and accommodation.

hoặc

On the one hand, many people believe that learning online brings many
benefits. The first advantage is that……… (giải thích thêm). The
second/Another advantage is that…..

Disadvantages= drawbacks= negative points= bad points/

Let us now turn to the drawbacks of….(tôi sẽ chuyển đến phân tichs điểm
bất lợi của…..)

On the other hand (một mặt khac là), learning onlines also has many
disadvantages. The first bad point is that. ……

However, learning online courses also has many bad points. The first bad
point is that. …

conclusion To sum up,

To conclude,

In conclusion, I must say that learning onlines has advantages and

disadvantages. However, it is the common choice of the busiest people
nowadays.

Education is now carried out in different ways. Courses are conducted on face-to-face or
online bases. (Tình huống)
What do you think are advantages and disadvantages of taking online courses? (câu Hỏi)
Mở bài:
Learning and teaching are now carried out in two different methods, online and offline. This
essay will discuss the positive(tích cực) and negative(tiêu cực) points of the online courses.
On the one hand, taking online courses brings many benefits (advantages) - câu chủ đề. The
first advantage is that it has economic benefits. For example, Learning online courses allows
us to attend the class anywhere. So, learning online can help learners save money for
traveling, and accommodation (chỗ ở). The second good point of online courses is flexibility
(linh hoạt). It is true that online classes are great for people who are advancing their education
(học lên cao) and while working.
On the other hand (mặt khác là), learning online also has some disadvantages. The first bad
point is that it depends on internet connection. For example, if your internet connection is
bad, you have to miss the class. The second drawback is that online courses require that you
have to be an active learner and good at technology. (người học có tính cực và giỏi về công
nghệ). If you are good at technology, you can solve some urgent problems related to the
internet.
In conclusion, I must say that learning onlines has both advantages and disadvantages.
However, it is the common choice of the busiest people nowadays.

2/ Agree - Disagree Essay

Key questions What is your opinion?

words
What do you believe?

To what extent (how much) do you agree (đồng ý) or disagree

(không đồng ý)?
Introduction 1. introduce the topic
2. thesis statement: state your opinion

- Hoàn toàn đồng ý:

I totally/strongly/ completely agree

- Tôi Hoàn toàn không đồng ý

I totally/strongly/ completely disagree for several following

reasons.

- Thảo luận cả hai quan điểm: đồng ý/không đồng ý

I somewhat agree/disagree
I partly agree/disagree (Tôi một phần đồng ý/không đồng ý)

Trường hợp 1 - Hoàn toàn đồng ý:

I totally/strongly/ agree

Thân bài 1 Lý do thứ 1

Thân bài 2 Lý do thứ 2

Trường hợp 2 - Hoàn toàn không đồng ý

I totally/strongly/ completely disagree for several following

reasons.

Thân bài 1 - Lý do không đồng ý 1

THÂN BÀI 2 - Lý do không đồng ý 2

 Trường hợp 3 - Cả hai quan điểm
I partly agree

Đoạn thân bài 1 - Quan điểm 1 – đồng ý : tại sao đồng ý

Đoạn thân bài 2 - Quan điểm 2 – không đồng ý: tại sao không đồng ý

3/ Cause - solutions - nguyên nhân - giải pháp

Problems - solutions - Vấn đề - giải pháp

Key questions - Why is this the case? What can be done about
this problem?

- What do you think the causes are? What

solutions can be suggested?

- What problems arise from this and how can they

be tackled?

- What are the reasons for this, and how can the
situation be improved?

Đoạn 1 (Introduction) - paraphrase đề bài - bám vào tình huống

- viết câu thesis statement - bám vào câu hỏi

This essay will discuss the problem of…..and give

some suggestions/solutions/

Đoạn 2 (body 1) đưa ra nguyên nhân hoặc vấn đề

- topic sentence

- nguyên nhân thứ 1

- giải thích và luận điểm cho nguyên nhân thứ 1

- nguyên nhân thứ 2

- giải thích và luận điểm cho nguyên nhân thứ 2

 - ví dụ

Đoạn 3 (Thân bài 2) Đưa ra giải pháp

- topic sentence

- Giải pháp thứ 1

- Giải thích và luận điểm cho giải pháp thứ 1

- Giải pháp thứ 2

- Giải thích và luận điểm cho giải pháp thứ 2

- Ví dụ

Đoạn 4(kết luận) – Tóm tắt lại ý chính đoạn thân bài bạn đã nêu
Conclusion

TEST 1 – PART 2
“Some people say that young people learn useful skills by playing electronic and
computer games. Others say that young people who play electronic and computer
games are wasting their time.”
Discuss both views and give your opinion
It is true that (một điều hiển nhiên rằng) playing online games has been gaining in
popularity over recent decades, especially people at young ages. Some people may
argue that these games can support the youth in their learning, others claim that it is a
waste of time if young people spend their time playing electronic games.
 Computer games can be educational a lot of useful skills for young people. To be more
specific, these games can foster imagination, creation, concentration, logical thinking,
and problem solving. Furthermore, by playing these games, users are brought into
virtual worlds that are often more exciting and engaging than real-life pastimes. For
example, computer simulation games may improve gamers’ teamwork skills such games
might understand that good teamwork is all needed to turn losers into winners and
achieve incredible goals.

On the other hand, to some extent, spending time on electronic games is time-wasting.
Nowadays, young people hanging out with friends or gathering at café, they’re tend to
stay at home and try to progress through the levels of a game to complete new
achievements that the game offers.Spending toomuch tiemplaying game will reduce
social communication skill. Not only that, it’s also the cause of unhealthy lyestyle such
as violence and addition.

In conclusion, even though playing online games can sharpen some useful skills for
young people in learning, they still waste a lot of time. In my opinion, the youth should
only be allowed a limited amount of time for this kind of recreation.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

TEST 2 – PART 2
“In developing countries, children in rural communities have less access to
education. Some people believe that the problem can be solved by providing more
schools and teachers, while others think that the problem can be solved by
providing computers and Internet access.”
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
In remote areas, children do not have many opportunities for learning. Some people say
that the government should build more schools and provide teachers to support. But,
others believe that providing computers and Internet access is more important. The essay
will discuss both sides and give my own perspective on the matter.

Learning at school and with teachers are better for children to improve their education. N
that Learning at school can help children understand lessons faster and deeper, which
can help teachers observe all students clearly and he/she can recognize students’
understanding of their emotions. Moreover/Another reason (hơn thế nữa) is that Teacher
is the person who understands learners the best. Depending on students’ ability, teachers
can adjust (điều chỉnh) teaching methods to better suit learners’ ability.
On the other hand, providing computer and internet access education for childrent also
an important solution. The first reason is that Learning online can help children and
parents save money spending on learning material. Most online material is free for
download. The second is that Computers and the internet are the best support tools for
learning with many useful software available on computers to support learning, for
example, free applications for learning English,.. That helps children to access many
valuable learning resources as others in the big cities.
In conclusion, both views are great support methods to help children in rural areas better
access education. I think that it would be better if the authorities (cơ quan) combine both
solutions, building more schools with well equipped computers and internet to improve
learning opportunities for children.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

TEST 3 – PART 2
“Some people believe the government should spend money on building train and
subway lines to reduce traffic congestion (Ùn tắc giao thông). Others think that
building more and wider roads is the better way to reduce traffic congestion.”
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

It is a fact that traffic congestion has become a serious problem in many countries.
Although many people believe that constructing more and wider roads is the best
solution to mitigate this problem, others say that developing more train and subway
lines is the best. The essay will analyse both of these methods and give my own
perspective on the matter.

There are some clear reasons why the extension and construction of roads can reduce
the volume of traffic. The existing roads are not wide enough to accommodate the
number of vehicles on the roads. That’s the cause of traffic jams, especially in big
cities. Secondly, if there are better networks of roads, people will be able to take an
alternative route to avoid crowds when traffic congestion occurs. However,
constructing more and wider roads might encourage people to buy cars. In a short
period of time traffic will increase.

On the other hand, there are many reasons why some people believe that the
government spending money on building train and subway lines is a better decision to
tackle traffic jams. One reason is that trains are faster than buses or cars so people
tend to prefer a train over a car, especially those who commute to work. This may
relieve the pressure on existing roads. Secondly, in many cities, there is not enough
land available to construct or extend roads. By contrast, a subway network is built
underground and there is no need to worry about scarcity of land. Therefore, building
a subway line is certainly a viable option.

In conclusion, it is true that constructing more and wider roads reduces traffic but it is
a temporary solution as good roads prompt people to buy private vehicles. I firmly
believe that governments should pour funds to build train and subway lines rather than
investing money on roads.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
 TEST 4 – PART 2
“Nowadays, most large companies operate multi-nationally”. - đa quốc gia
To what extent those companies should have responsibility towards local
communities in which they operate?

In today’s commercial world, it is not strange to see huge enterprises broaden their
scope beyond their own nations by setting up branches in foreign countries. (they have
to have responsibilities toward areas where they operate.)Not only do these
transnational companies need to be concerned about their shareholders, customers and
employees’ interests with struggles of making profits but they also have to achieve
responsibilities towards society, especially local communities.

First of all, the foreign companies must have some contribution to the society. This
could be done by providing the working opportunities for the locals and treating them
equally. The companies should offer a sufficient amount of salary for the workers to
ensure their lives ‘qualities and of course, exploited labour is always being avoided.
Moreover, the multinational companies, especially selling companies, should also take
into account that social contribution can improve the companies’ reputation. By
helping the society, more and more people will acknowledge the companies and trust
the products, therefore the companies’ income will increase as well.
Secondly, another aspect which any multinational firms should be protecting the local
environment. They have to make sure that none of their waste will damage the local
environment. They need to have to decontaminate the chemical waste before dumping it
into the sewages, or purify the gas before releasing it into the air, therefore, the water
and the air will not be polluted. In addition, the companies must have a suitable plan
for using the local natural resources to avoid exhausting resources and serious
affecting the local environment. In conclusion, all multinational companies should
always have social responsibility, especially in the local community.
To conclude, it is obviously true that corporate social responsibilities are becoming
increasingly important in the business world nowadays, but this is by no means the
most preferential mission of the owners when operating their business.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

TEST 5 – PART 2
“Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists but not local
people.”
Why is this the case and what can be done to attract more local people to visit
these places?
These days, a lot of museums and historical sites seem to appeal mainly to tourists,
rather than locals.
It is possible that most local people have already visited such places or have significant
knowledge of their own culture and history, and they not feel the need to return to these
places often, or even at all. Furthermore (hơn thế nữa), many local people probably
prefer to spend their free time and holidays visiting other areas outside of their
hometown, because they are more interested in learning about other cultures and
history, rather than their own.
To attrack the people visit museum that local governments (chính quyền địa phương) to
upgrade museums by rotating artifacts and different exhibitions (triển lãm) could be
displayed and promoted more often. In other hand, governments could also encourage
and fund (tài trợ) annual trips (chuyến du lịch thường xuyên) for local school children
to museums and historical sites. And lastly, free entry (miễn phí vé vào) to such people
for locals may also encourage more local visitors.
In conclusion, attracting local people to visit museums and historical sites in their area
may be a difficult process (quá trình khó khăn), however, there are a number of
methods that locals could be encouraged to do, and the government should be
encouraged.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

TEST 6 – PART 2
"Fossil fuel is the main source of energy. In some countries, the use of alternative
sources of energy is encouraged."
To what extent do you think is it a positive or negative development?

I somewhat it is a positive fossil fuel the main source of energy

Fossil fuel are a general term for fuels containing hight level hydrocacbons and
cacbon, former during the anearobic decompotion of dead organicms buried under the
Earth's crust over millions of years. This's a limited and non-renewable natural
resource because the formation process require extremily harsh conditions and must
take place over a very long period of time. This rate's far beyond the current rate of
exploitation and use by human.
The role and importaince of the fossil fuel in human life cannot be denied. However, the
process of exploiting and using fossil fuel leave many consequences, derectly affecting
enviroment such as air pollution, soil and water pollution, greenhouse affect and
climate change On the oder hand, we can use other alternative energy source including
nuclear energy, hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and
geothermal energy.
In conclution, althought it is getting harder to positive that fossil fuel is the main
source of energy or the use of alternative source of energy is encouraged. I belive that
there are many ways to deal with this prolem. The greater attention of both individuals
and the goverment will make contributions to the situation improvement.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
TEST 7– PART 2
“It is impossible to help all people in the world, so governments should only focus
on people in their own countries.”
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people argue that it is not feasible to assist everyone in the world, and therefore
governments should prioritize the needs of their own citizens. However, I strongly
disagree with this notion as provding various aids and assistance to other socities not
only project ta nation into global leadership but also help in maintaining regional
peace and prosperity. In this essay, I will delve in discussing the issue and different
ideas about it.
Firstly, Helping people in other countries can aid in creating a relationship between us
country and the galling country and from that we can build a federal to serve some
purposes. We can see that there are a lot of disputes about land, economy, and culture,
and there can be many reasons to tend to war. For example, America and Russia are
two of the biggest countries in the world and the two countries below have some
opposing views. For many reasons, they made a war which name is Cool War. Despite
having many opposites, they have a common point that is they have an organization to
aid them. Besides, supporting people in other countries will raise relationships and
people will have more benefits in traveling and education. For instance, some people
who live in Vietnam, when they visit some countries such as Thailand, Singapore, and
Laos, will be exempted from visas for a while. Moreover, they can also enhance their
reputation, influence, and security in the international arena, contributes to economic
growth, poverty reduction, social stability, and environmental protection in both donor
and recipient countries
On the other hand, assisting people in the world can make many people not be hungry,
exiting the poor, and improve their life’s quality. In some countries in Africa, people in
here very poor, children cannot study in school and are not provided any subsidies.
Knowing this, Việt Nam and many wealthy countries have aided them and supported
children can go to school.
In conclusion, I disagree with the idea that governments should only focus on their own
countries sand ignore the rest of the world. I have argued that helping other countries
is not only humanitarian but also a smart decision that can bring mutual benefits. I
hope that more governments will recognize the importance of global cooperation and
allocate more resources and efforts to support international development.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
TEST 8– PART 2
“In some cities, people are choosing cars instead of bicycles, while in other cities
riding bikes is replacing cars”.
Why is this the case? Which development do you think is better?
In a few cities, bikes are given priority over cars, whilein others pedal rides are being
replaced by car drives. Personally, I believe that bicyclesare more environmentally
friendly, but cars are an excellent alternative due to their efficiency and comfort and
the advantages of thiswill be explicated further.
The first reason of the bicycle trend that is environmental problems. In other words, no
harmful gases are emitted by bicyclesas evidently seen in the case of hazardous gases
generated by automobiles that emit greenhouse gases such chlorofluorocarbons,
carbon monoxide contributing towards global warming. For example, Responding to
the 2024 Earth Hour Campaign and Youth Month. On the morning of March 23, 2024,
at the Natural Resources and Environment Newspaper, the Natural Resources and
Environmental Communication Center coordinated with the Youth Union of the
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and World Wide Fund For Nature
(WWF-Vietnam) organized the Cycling Launch Program to respond to the 2024 Earth
Hour Campaign. Secondly, riding bicycles mitigate the issue of traffic congestion as
well as contribute towards physical fitness.
On the other hand, cars provide people with the freedom of movement. The ease of
transportation that a car brings is significant than any other form of vehicle and one
can go from a destination to another without wasting their precious time. Therefore
time and distance are not barriers anymore. Secondly, cars can give comfort while
travelling compared to bicycles for long journies. For instance, one can read books,
listen to favourite songs or even play with children in the car. Finally, families can go
together. This becomes especially helpful when there are elderly, the disabled or even
sick members in the families.
In conclusion, I don't deny bicycles are an inexpensive and eco-friendly modes of
transportation . Even though, the benefits of cars in a matter of privacy, comfort,
security cannot be overlooked.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
TEST 9– PART 2
“Some people believe that it is good for a country’s culture to import foreign
movies and TV programs. Others think that it is better to produce these locally.”
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The majority of people believe that imported films and TV programmes have a positive
impact on local culture. While others believe that the development of local movies is
more crucial. From a personal perspective, I do totally agree with this former and will
explain the factors.
It is eviden that using money to buy programs on TV and movies from another country
helps people to learn more about international culture. Making a film requires unique
landscapes and scripts in order to attract people so most film producers have created
myriad masterpieces based on the culture in their countries. Due to this, watchers can
learn more about global cultures and expand their knowledge. This is true in Vietnam,
a lost of people have a tendency to study English through movies such as Upgraded,
Home Alone and Purple Heart or through musics... Besides this, governments do not
have to spend money on creating films so it will not take too much time. Thus,
importing foreign movies and TV shows provides more knowledge and develops the
quality of lifestyle.
By contrast, investing in local TV programs and films is also a good option. It will
encourage film producers to spend more time and motivation on creating good movies.
Moreover, it also shows their culture to friends in other countries by the way releasing
them overseas. Take Hollywood’s films as an example, many of these have been
watched by people in different nations and Vietnam has many films released both
domestically and in many countries around the world such as "The Last Wife" shown in
the US and Canada, "Mrs. Nu's House" shown in the US, Singapore, Australia and
New Zealand,...
To conclude, spending time and money on local movies and TV programs is good but I
believes that bridging the gap between countries and watchers can earn more
knowledge.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
TEST 10– PART 2
“In the future, it seems more difficult to live on the Earth. Some people think more
money should be spent on researching other planets to live on, such as Mars.”
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
I strongly disagree that should be spent more money on researching to live on.

One of the reason that makes on the Earth will be unsustainable. The rising level of
pollution in the land and the ocean, which leads to the imbalanced number the
ecosystem such as flood and prolonged droughts, climate change causing many
epidemics. Another factor is the overconsumption of natural resources. When fossil
fuels (nhiên liệu)such as oil and coal (than) are exploited (cạn kiệt) to meet the mass
demand for energy, they will quickly run out. It takes time for resources to recover and
regenerate.

On the other hand, it can be believed that discovering a new planet is a waste of money
which can be invested into other activities to save our Earth. Greening by planting
trees to foreststo limit floods and droughts, fresh air. Furthermore, people still have
enough time to save the Earth, by replacing fossil fuels with environmental-friendly and
renewable energy such as wind or solar power, hydroelectricity, geothermal energy. By
that way, it is possible to reduce the rate of global warming.

In conclusion, although it is getting harder and harder to live on the Earth, I still
believe that there are many ways to deal with this problem rather than to search for
another planet to live on. The greater attention of both individuals and the government
will contribute to protecting the Earth and the natural enviroment.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
 TEST 11 – PART 2
“Many people say the gap between rich and poor people is wider, as rich people
become richer and poor people grow poorer.”
What problems could this situation cause and what measures can be done to
address those problems?
The gap between the rich and the poor is an inevitable social problem of very human
society.
Globalization, technological progress and economic reform are also the reasins why
the gap between rich and poor is growing. The residents with poor financial
backgrounds rader harder for meet basic human needs such as accessing academic
education or buying a comfortable house. Without jobs and poor residents may turn to
serious crimes such as drug trafficking and robbery which are considered the only way
to earn their living. That’s one of the reasons for the increase in crimes rates.

To reduce the gap between rich and poor, governments need to have policies to address
the problem associated with the gap. Firstly, the government ought to invest more in
education, especially in rural areas such as build well-equipped and convenient school.
Besides, schools to encourage local inhabitants to pursue higher education with
scholarships for poor childrents. Secondly, there should be more attention to training
soft-skills for poor students. If they are well-equipped with such important skills, they
will have more job opportunities that help them to have a better living.

In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of increasing poverty where

rich people become richer, which calls for appropriate steps taken by the government
to tackle these problems. It would be perfect if all people can achieve living standards.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
TEST 12 – PART 2
“Nowadays, more and more people read news on the internet. However,
newspapers (báo giấy) have most of the important information sources of news.”
Give your opinion from your experience and give examples.
Currently, the development of the internet has an outstanding contribution to the
recreation of humans. Some like reading news on the internet. Some say that news in
newspapers is the most important source. In my opinion, I believe that reading news on
the internet and in the newspaper are both important.
Nowadays, reading news on the internet is becoming more and more popular. Through
the internet, we can update the latest news on the internet quickly and easily such as
we can read news at home or at work without going to buy. Not ony that, we also have
a chance to watch the video attached to the news when wew reading e-news or we can
watch live news. Finally, saving a large amount of money on buying daily newspapers.
On the other hand, there will still be a necessity for printed newspapers. The news on
newspapers is official and accurate, because the content of newspapers is censored
(duyệt) more seriously than those on the internet. Secondly, reading newspapers is
easier and more popular. The older generation (thế hệ người già), particularly those
who are not as technologically savvy tend to read news in the newspaper. They don’t
need any other devices to read.
To conclude, nowadays, reading news on the internet and newspaper are both popular.
However, in my perspective, I still trust information posted in newspapers more than on
the internet