Colonization
of the
Philippines
-Early influences from Indonesia,
China, and surrounding regions
-Introduction of Islam in the 14th
century by Arabian traders like Karim
al-Makhdum
-Establishment of two sultanates
before the arrival of the Spanish
- Ferdinand Magellan’s arrival in Cebu
and his initial friendly relations with
local rulers
- Spread of Christianity: Raja Humabon’s
conversion and attempt to convert other
local chiefs
- Conflict with Datu Lapu-Lapu and the
Battle of Mactan, resulting in Magellan's
death
- Return of Spanish expeditions under
Miguel López de Legazpi (1565)
- Establishment of Manila (1571) as the
capital of the Spanish East Indies
- Expansion of Spanish control over
lowland and coastal regions and
conversion of locals
- Resistance from the Muslim sultanates,
especially in Sulu
- The Castilian War (1578) and continuous
conflict with the Moros over the next
centuries
- Economic issues in the colony due to
constant warfare (Moros, Dutch, Japanese
pirates)
- The Seven Years' War: British invasion
and occupation of Manila (1762-1764)
- Economic reforms after the British
occupation, including the end of the
galleon trade and introduction of free
trade (1815)
- Introduction of public education (1863),
but under the control of the church and
ineffective
- Rise of nationalism among Filipino
students educated in Europe
- The Propaganda Movement and the
influence of José Rizal’s political novels
- The rise of revolutionary movements led
by figures like José Rizal and Emilio
Aguinaldo
- Execution of José Rizal (1896) and the
continued struggle for independence
- U.S.-Spanish War (1898) and its impact
on the Philippines
- Summary of the effects of Spanish
colonization on the Philippines
- Lasting impact on culture, religion, and
governance
- The eventual path toward Philippine
independence
