II.
Use the five rules to determine whether the following standard-form syllogisms
are valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally
valid from the Aristotelian
or invalid. For those that are invalid from
either the Boolean or
standpoint,
Aristotelian standpoint, name the fallacy or fallacies committed. Check your
answer by constructing a Venn diagram for each.
1. Some nebulas are clouds of gas.
Some clouds of gas are objects invisible to the naked eye.
Therefore, some objects invisible to the naked eye are nebulas.
2. No individualssensitive the difference between right and wrong are people
who measure talent and success in terms of wealth.
All corporate takeover experts are people who measure talent and success in
terms of wealth.
Therefore, no corporate takeover experts are individuals sensitive to the
difference between right and wrong
3. No endangered species are creatures loved by the timber industry.
All spotted owls are endangered species.
5
Therefore, some spotted owls are not creatures loved by the timber industry.
4 . Some cases of affirmative action are not measures justified by past discrimination.
No cases of affirmative action are illegal practicès.
Therefore, some illegal practices are not measures justified by past
discrimination.
5. All transparent metals are good conductors of heat.
All transparent metals are good conductors of electricity.
Therefore, some good conductors of electricity are good conductors of heat.
6. All members of the National Rifle Association are people opposed to gun
control.
All members of the National Rifle Association are law-abiding citizens.
Therefore, all law-abiding citizens are people opposed to gun contro.
7. No searches based on probable cause are violations of Fourth Amendment
rights
Some warrantless searches are violations of Fourth Amendment rights.
Therefore, some warrantless searches are not searches based on probable cause.
8. All war zones are places where abuse of discretion is rampant.
Some places where abuse of discretion is rampant are international borders.
Therefore, some international borders are war zones.
9. All inside traders are people subject to prosecution.
Some executives with privileged information are not people subject to
prosecution.
Therefore, some executives with privileged information are inside traders.
10. All successful flirts are masters at eye contact
All masters at eye contact are people genuinely interested in others.
herefore, some people genuin ely interested in others are successful flirts.
Section 5.3 Kules and Fallacies 287
