REVIEW OF TENSES

Present Simple

I / you / we / they work

He / She / It works

Odričan oblik:
I / you / we / they don’t work
He / She / It doesn’t work

Upitan oblik:
Do you / I / we / they work? (kao i Where do you work? When do you work itd.)
Does he / she / it work? (kao i Where does he work? When does she work? itd.)

Upotreba:
Šta radimo uopšteno govoreći - svaki dan, često, ponekad, retko itd.

I go there every year.

She plays tennis twice a week.
My uncle doesn’t speak English.
Where do they live?
They often work night shifts.

Dodatna upotreba:
Fiksni rasporedi ustanova - aerodroma, autobuskih i železničkih stanica, pozorišta, muzeja itd.

The train leaves at 5:40.

The film finishes at 10:30.
The Monet exhibition closes on Monday.

Present Continuous

I am working.
You / We / They are working.
He / She / It is working.

Odričan oblik:
I am NOT working.
You / We / They are NOT (aren’t) working.
He / She / It is NOT (isn’t) working.
Upitan oblik:
Am I working?
Are you / we / they working?
Is he / she / they working?

Upotreba:
Šta radimo sada, trenutno, ovog trenutka.

John is waiting for you in his office.

They are travelling to London at the moment.
Call her later, she’s sleeping.
What are you doing?
You’re not listening to me.

Dodatne upotrebe:
1. Šta radimo u ovom trenutnom periodu - ovih dana, ove nedelje, ovog meseca itd.

I’m reading a great book. - Ne čitam je ovog trenutka, već ovih dana.
(Za razliku od ‘I read a book every month.’ - generalno, ne samo ovog meseca)
We’re working on a new project.
She’s staying with us this week.
They’re arguing a lot these days.

2. Izvesna budućnost - kada umesto budućeg (Ići ću tamo večeras) koristimo sadašnje (Idem
tamo večeras), kao i u srpskom jeziku:

I’m going there tonight.

We’re meeting them tomorrow at 4:00pm.
I’m buying a new car next year.

Past Simple
Isti oblik glagola za sva lica:
I / you / he / we… talked (nastavak ED)
ili went (II kolona nepravilnih glagola)
Odričan oblik:
I / you / he / we … didn’t talk (infinitiv - bez ED)
didn’t go (infinitiv - I kolona)
Upitan oblik:
Did you / I / he / we talk (infinitiv - bez ED)? kao i Why did you talk…?
Did you go (infinitiv - I kolona)? kao i Where did you go?
Upotreba:
Osnovno prošlo vreme, opisuje radnju koja je završena u prošlosti, osnovne informacije o
događajima iz prošlosti uglavnom se prenose u ovom vremenu.

I called her two hours ago.

She worked from 8am to 8pm yesterday.
I watched that movie a long time ago.
I learned English in primary school.
They came home late last night.
We didn’t have much free time last weekend.
How long did you work in that company?

Past Continuous

I was working.
You / We / They were working.
He / She / It was working.

Odričan oblik:
I was NOT working.
You / We / They were NOT (weren’t) working.
He / She / It was NOT (wasn’t) working.

Upitan oblik:
Was I working?
Were you / we / they working?
Was he / she / they working?
Upotreba:
Šta smo radili u određenom trenutku u prošlosti. Najčešće sporedna radnja koja se dešavala u
trenutku kada se glavna radnja (u Past Simple-u) desila.

I was sleeping when you called me.

While we were discussing that issue, John came up with a great idea.
I’m sorry, obviously I wasn’t paying attention when you said that.
We were walking down the street, talking about Maria, and then suddenly, I saw her.

*Napomena: kada se naglasi koliko dugo se nešto dešavalo, ne treba koristiti Past Continuous:

I worked for 10 hours yesterday. - CORRECT

I was working for 10 hours yesterday. - WRONG

Past Continuous uvek zvuči nedovršeno, ako rečenica počne ‘I was reading a book…’ očekuje
se nastavak, šta se desilo dok je ta osoba čitala knjigu.

Ako se radnje nabrajaju jedna za drugom, treba koristiti Past Simple:

I came home at 8:00. I watched a film, read a book for 20 minutes and went to bed.

Present Perfect Simple

I / you / we / they have played

have done (III kolona nepravilnih gl.)
He / She / It has played
has done

Odričan oblik:
I / you / we / they haven’t played
haven’t done
He / She / It hasn’t played
hasn’t done

Upitan oblik:
Have you / I / we / they played…?
Have you / I / we / they done?
Has he / she / it played…?
Has he / she / it done…?

Upotreba:

Present Perfect pripada Present Tenses, odnosno sadašnjim vremenima, što znači da opisuje
sadašnjost, a ne prošlost, iako najčešće ima oblik prošlog vremena u srpskom jeziku. Dakle
akcenat je na konstatovanju sadašnjeg stanja stvari, a ne na prepričavanju događaja iz
prošlosti. Možemo ga podeliti na tri upotrebe:

1. Šta smo uradili, nije važno kada, važno je da je SADA takvo stanje stvari:
I have accepted their job offer. (znači da tek treba da počne da radi za njih)
Your taxi has arrived. (čeka ispred zgrade)
Things have changed. (sada su drugačije)
She hasn’t found her passport yet. (još uvek ga traži)
2. Da li smo nešto radili u životu DO SADA, nije važno kada, već samo da li imamo to
ISKUSTVO iza sebe.

I’ve never been to Paris.

She has had all kinds of jobs.
I think I’ve seen her before.
So far he has won most of the matches against him.

* Ovo važi samo za žive ljude, ako npr. pričamo o istorijskim ličnostima, rečenica će glasiti:

Julius Caesar never fought in a battle. (a ne HAS never FOUGHT - jer bi to značilo DO SADA,
sa mogućnošću da će se desiti u budućnosti)

3. Ako naglasimo KOLIKO DUGO nešto radimo (FOR / SINCE), treba koristiti Present Perfect:

I have known him for over 20 years.

She has been here since 8:30.
How long have you had that watch?
I have wanted to become an actor since I was six.

*Ako je reč o kraćim periodima (for the past 2 hours, days, weeks, months etc.), za ovu
upotrebu češće koristimo Present Perfect Continuous - ex. I have been working:

I have been waiting for her for half an hour.

She has been living in that flat since January.
You’ve been working too hard for the past few days.
* Napomena: U prve dve upotrebe Present Perfect se na srpski prevodi PROŠLIM vremenom, a
u trećoj SADAŠNJIM:

1) I have done my homework. - Uradio sam domaći.

2) I have eaten sushi a few times. - Jeo sam suši nekoliko puta.
3) I have lived in Belgrade since I was born. - ŽIVIM u Beogradu otkad sam rođen.
Future tenses - GOING TO vs WILL

GOING TO
I am going to buy
You / We / They are going to buy
He / She / It is going to buy

Odričan oblik:
I am NOT going to buy
You / We / They are NOT going to buy
He / She / It is NOT going to buy

Upitan oblik:
Am I going to buy
Are you / we / they going to buy
Is he / she / it going to buy

FUTURE SIMPLE - WILL

I / you… (sva lica) will buy

Odričan oblik:
I / you… (sva lica) will NOT (won’t) buy

Upitan oblik:
Will I / you… (sva lica) buy…?

Upotreba:
Često je svejedno koje ćete buduće vreme upotrebiti u rečenici. Fleksibilna pravila kažu:

GOING TO
Planovi:
I’m going to start learning French next month.
We are going to organize a huge conference next year.

Predviđanja zasnovana na očiglednim dokazima:

Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.
He’s stuck in a traffic jam, so he’s going to be late.

FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL)

Spontane odluke, reakcije na nešto što se desilo:
Hey, those bags seem heavy, I’ll help you with them.
- It’s quite cold in here. - I’ll close the window.
I guess we will have to find another solution in that case.

Predviđanja zasnovana na nečijem mišljenju, stavu, nadi, verovanju itd:

I’m sure you will find the right person for the job.
He will never be as good as you are.
I think they will change their mind when I tell them what I’ve found out.