PRESENT PERFECT – SIMPLE, CONT.
, PASSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE ACTIVE
have/has + Past Participle
We have lived in Canada since 2015. = We’ve lived…
He has bought a new car. = He’s bought
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PASSIVE
have/has + been + Past Participle
This house has been sold for $1 million.
The children have been found alive and well.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ACTIVE
have/has + been + -ING
I have been playing. = I’ve been playing.
She has been working = She’s been working.
PRES. PERF. SIMPLE
- radnja koja je počela u prošlosti, a uključuje i sadašnji trenutak
I've lived in Županja all my life.
- radnja koja se dogodila u neko neodređeno vrijeme u prošlosti (EXPERIENCE - nije bitno kada se
dogodila, nego je li se dogodila)
She's met a lot of famous people.
- kada objavljujemo neku vijest
Have you heard? Laura's won the lottery!
- vremenski izrazi koji se upotrebljavaju uz PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE su:
1) just, already, yet, for, since, ever, never.
for twenty years. I've already done my homework.
I've worked here since 1995. I haven't done my homework yet.
since I left school.
2) It's / This is the first/second time...
This is the first time we've been to Scotland, so it's all new to us.
3) today; this morning, this week, this year,...
We've done quite a lot of work today.
I haven't watched any television so far this week.
!!! GONE TO ili BEEN TO?
Claire has gone to Australia. (= She's still there.)
Claire has been to Australia. (= The visit is over.)
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PAST SIMPLE
- vremenski izrazi koji se upotrebljavaju uz PAST SIMPLE su:
last week/month/year,...; ago, yesterday, in 1994
- Present Perfect objedinjuje prošlost i sadašnjost, a Past Simple se odnosi samo na prošlost:
- vijesti obično izražavamo Present Perfectom, a Past Simple koristimo za dodatne detalje, npr. kada ili
gdje se nešto dogodilo.
I've found my wallet. ~ Oh, good. Where did you find it?
Your letter has arrived. The postman brought it at eight o'clock.
- Present Perfect - nedovršene radnje, neodređeno vrijeme
Past Simple - dovršene radnje, određeno vrijeme
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Upitni oblik se pravi inverzijom: Have I been playing? /Has she been working?
Negativni oblik: I haven’t been playing. /She hasn’t been working.
Present Perfect Cont. koristimo:
1) da izrazimo radnju koja je nedavno ili upravo završila i obično ima neku posljedicu sada:
I'm tired because I've running. (umoran sam (sada) jer sam trčao)
Why is the grass wet? Has it been raining? (zašto je trava vlažna (sada)? Je li padala kiša?)
2) da izrazimo radnju koja je počela u prošlosti i nastavlja se u sadašnjosti. U ovom slučaju često se
koriste for i since:
I've been reading for two hours. (čitam već dva sata, i još uvijek čitam)
How long have you been learning English? (koliko dugo učiš engleski? I još ga učiš?)
FOR ILI SINCE?
For: uz vremensko razdoblje: 5 minutes, 7 weeks, 20 years.
- Ako to razdoblje još traje, upotrebljavamo present perfect, a ako je to razdoblje završeno, moramo
upotrijebiti past simple.
Tara hasn't been feeling well for two weeks. (još je bolesna)
ali
Tara didn't feel well for two weeks, and now she feels well. (bila je bolesna, sada je ozdravila)
Since: uz vremensku točku: 9 o’clock, January, Friday,...
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. CONTINUOUS
1) ponekad nema razlike:
I’ve played the piano since
I’ve been I was a boy.
playing
(Ako je continuous moguć, treba ga upotrijebiti!)
2) - simple: dovršena radnja Who’s eaten my pizza? (više je nema)
- continuous: nedovršena radnja Who’s been eating my pizza? (napola je pojedena)
- Ako se navodi količina ili broj - simple: He’s eaten three pizzas already.
3) simple: trajna radnja I’ve lived here all my life.
- continuous: privremena radnja We’ve been staying with friends until we find a place of our own.
4) simple: svršeni vid glagola (find, start, buy,die,lose, break, stop)
- continuous: nesvršeni vid glagola - glagoli koji traju (wait, work, play, try, learn, rain)
I’ve cut my finger. (porezao sam prst)
I’ve been cutting firewood. (rezao sam drva)
5) Glagoli stanja rijetko idu u continuous!
Npr. have = imati, love, know, understand, hope,… How long have you had this car?
We’ve known each other for a long time.
