PUB.

173
SAILING DIRECTIONS
(ENROUTE)
★

INDIA AND THE BAY OF BENGAL

Prepared and published by the

NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Springfield, Virginia

© COPYRIGHT 2022 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C.

2022

FIFTEENTH EDITION

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800
Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001
II

Preface

Pub. 173, Sailing Directions (Enroute) India and the Bay of

NGA Maritime—Contact Information
0.0

Bengal, Fifteenth Edition, 2022, is issued for use in conjunc-

tion with Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Maritime Safety Office
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. The companion volumes are
Pubs. 171, 172, 174, and 175. DNC web site https://dnc.nga.mil
0.0Digital Nautical Chart 3 provides electronic chart coverage
for the area covered by this publication. Maritime Domain
https://msi.nga.mil
0.0This publication has been corrected to 26 March 2022, in- web site
cluding Notice to Mariners No. 13 of 2022. Subsequent up-
dates have corrected this publication to 21 October 2023, E-mail MarHelp@nga.mil
including Notice to Mariners No. 42 of 2023.
Maritime Quality
Feedback System https://marhelp.nga.mil
Explanatory Remarks (MQFS)
Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial-
0.0

Maritime Safety Office

Intelligence Agency (NGA) under the authority of Department National Geospatial-Intelligence
of Defense Directive 5105.60, dated 29 July 2009, and pursu- Agency
ant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10, Chapter Mailing address
Mail Stop N64-SFH
22, Section 451 and Title 44, Section 1336. Sailing Directions, 7500 Geoint Drive
covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of the world, provide Springfield VA 22150-7500
information that cannot be shown graphically on nautical
charts and is not readily available elsewhere.
Sailing Directions (Enroute) include detailed coastal and
0.0
New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through the
0.0

port approach information which supplements the largest scale date of publication shown above. Important information to
chart produced by the National Geospatial-Intelligence amend material in the publication is available is updated as
Agency. This publication is divided into geographic areas needed and available as a downloadable corrected publication
called “Sectors.” from the NGA Maritime Domain web site.
Bearings.—Bearings are true, and are expressed in degrees
0.0

from 000° (north) to 360°, measured clockwise. General NGA Maritime Safety Office Web Site
bearings are expressed by the initial letters of the points of the
compass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb https://msi.nga.mil
endings have been discarded. Wherever precise bearings are
intended, degrees are used. 0.0Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same
Charts.—Reference to charts made throughout this
0.0
manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a
publication refers to hard copy paper charts and electronic course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of
charts. origin along a track having the identical meridional angle as
As the maritime community moves towards electronic
0.0
the designated course. Vessels following the directives must
navigation, the Maritime Safety Office will begin reducing allow for every influence tending to cause deviation from such
NGA’s Standard Nautical Chart portfolio. Further information track, and navigate so that the designated course is
can be found in the “What’s New” section of the NGA continuously being made good.
Maritime Safety Information web site (https://msi.nga.mil). 0.0Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward
Corrective Information.—Users should refer corrections,
0.0

which currents set.

additions, and comments to NGA’s Maritime Operations Desk, 0.0Distances.—Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1
as follows: minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressed
in meters, or tenths of miles.
NGA Maritime—Contact Information 0.0Geographic Names.—Geographic names are generally
those used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in paren-
Maritime Operations Desk theses following another name are alternate names that may
appear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quoted
Toll free 1-800-362-6289 only in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks,
such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to
Commercial 571-557-5455
specific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in the
DSN 547-5455 interest of typographical simplicity.
0.0Wherever possible, names used on NGA charts and in NGA
E-mail navsafety@nga.mil publications are in the form approved by the United States
Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Generally, local official

Pub. 173
 III

spellings are used for those features entirely within a single lected Worldwide Marine Weather Broadcasts, should be con-
sovereignty, names of countries and those features which are sulted.
common to two or more countries or which lie beyond a single 0.0Soundings.—Soundings are referred to the datum of the
sovereignty may carry Board-approved conventional spellings charts and are expressed in meters.
(i.e., names in common English language usage). When alter- 0.0Telephone and Facsimile Numbers.—Within this publica-
nate names would be of value to the user, they may be shown tion, the international telephone and facsimile numbers provid-
for information purposes within parentheses. Important indi- ed as contact information contain the minimum digits
vidual name changes are made to all revised charts as the op- necessary to dial. Please note that these contact numbers do not
portunity permits. include additional digits or special characters, such as (0) or
0.0Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily re- (+), which may be required when dialing. The necessity of
flect recognition of the political status of an area by the United such digits and characters depend upon numerous factors and
States Government. conditions, such as the user's geolocation and service provider.
0.0BGN approved names may be found at https:// Mariners are advised to consult their communications equip-
geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GNSHome/welcome.html. ment and service provider user manuals for guidance.
0.0Heights.—Heights are referred to the plane of reference 0.0Time.—Time is normally expressed as local time unless
used for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters. specifically designated as Universal Coordinated Time (UTC).
0.0Internet Links.—This publication provides Internet links to 0.0Time Zone.—The Time Zone description(s), as well as in-
web sites concerned with maritime navigational safety, includ- formation concerning the use of Daylight Savings Time, are in-
ing but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hy- cluded. The World Time Zone Chart is available on the Inter-
drographic Offices, and foreign public/private port facilities. net at the web site given below.
NGA makes no claims, promises, or guarantees concerning the
accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of these Standard Time Zone of the World Chart
web sites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors and
omissions in the contents of these web sites. https://www.cia.gov/maps/the-world-factbook/
0.0International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) world-regional
Code.—The ISPS Code is a comprehensive set of measures to
enhance the security of ships and port facilities developed in U.S. Maritime Advisory System.—The U.S. Maritime
0.0

response to the perceived threats to ships and port facilities in Advisory System is a streamlined inter-agency approach to
the wake of the 9/11 attacks in the United States. Information identifying and promulgating maritime security threats. The
on the ISPS Code can be found at the International Maritime system replaces Special Warnings to Mariners (State
Organization web site: Department), MARAD Advisories (Maritime Administration),
and Marine Safety Information Bulletins (U.S. Coast Guard)
International Maritime Organization Home Page and consists of the following items:
1. U.S. Maritime Alert—Provides basic information
http://www.imo.org (location, incident, type, date/time) on reported maritime
security threats to U.S. maritime industry interests. U.S.
Lights and Fog Signals.—Lights and fog signals are not
0.0
Maritime alerts do not contain policy or recommendations
described, and light sectors are not usually defined. The Light for specific courses of information.
Lists should be consulted for complete information. 2. U.S. Maritime Advisory—Provides more detailed
National Ocean Claims.—Information on national ocean
0.0
information, when appropriate, through a “whole-of-gov-
claims and maritime boundary disputes, which have been com- ernment” response to an identified maritime threat.
piled from the best available sources, is provided solely in the
interest of the navigational safety of shipping and in no way Maritime Administration (MARAD)—U.S.
constitutes legal recognition by the United States. These non- Maritime Advisory System
recognized claims and requirements may include, but are not
limited to: https://www.maritime.dot.gov/msci-advisories
1. A requirement by a state for advance permission or
notification for innocent passage of warships in the territorial Winds.—Wind directions are the true directions from which
0.0

sea. winds blow.

2. Straight baseline, internal waters, or historic waters
claims. Reference List
3. The establishment of a security zone, where a state
claims to control activity beyond its territorial sea for The principal sources examined in the preparation of this
0.0

security reasons unrelated to that state’s police powers in its publication were:
territory, including its territorial sea. British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions.
0.0

Radio Navigational Aids.—Radio navigational aids and ra-

0.0
Various port handbooks.
0.0

dio weather services are not described in detail. Publication Reports from United States Naval and merchant vessels and
0.0

No. 117 Radio Navigational Aids and NOAA Publication, Se- various shipping companies.
Other U.S. Government publications, reports, and
0.0

Pub. 173
IV

documents. documents in possession of the Agency.

Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other
0.0

Date of Change: 21 October 2023

Notice to Mariners: 42/2023
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 2 Paragraph 2.53
Sector 5 Paragraph 5.16
Sector 6 Paragraph 6.42
Sector 7 Paragraphs 7.21 and 7.27

Date of Change: 29 July 2023

Notice to Mariners: 30/2023
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 7 Paragraph 7.21

Date of Change: 22 April 2023

Notice to Mariners: 16/2023
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraph 1.30
Sector 2 Paragraphs 2.10, 2.30, and 2.34
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.11, 6.15, 6.18, 6.40, and 6.47
Sector 7 Paragraphs 7.1 and 7.14

Date of Change: 28 January 2023

Notice to Mariners: 4/2023
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraphs 1.3 and 1.17
Sector 2 Paragraphs 2.30, 2.40, and 2.52
Sector 3 Paragraphs 3.17, 3.28, 3.29, and 3.34
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.11 and 6.13
Sector 7 Paragraphs 7.16 and 7.27
Sector 8 Paragraph 8.3
Sector 9 Paragraph 9.56

Date of Change: 29 October 2022

Notice to Mariners: 44/2022
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.5 and 6.15
Sector 7 Paragraph 7.26

Pub. 173
 V

Date of Change: 23 July 2022

Notice to Mariners: 30/2022
Sector Paragraphs
Sector 1 Paragraphs 1.3, 1.5, and 1.17
Sector 2 Paragraphs 2.6, 2.38, 2.51, and 2.54
Sector 3 Paragraph 3.30
Sector 4 Paragraphs 4.6 and 4.17
Sector 5 Paragraph 5.37
Sector 6 Paragraphs 6.5, 6.14, 6.16, 6.18, 6.30, and 6.41
Sector 7 Paragraphs 7.9, 7.13, and 7.21
Sector 8 Paragraph 8.6

Pub. 173
 0.0 SECTOR LIMITS—PUB. 173
Pub. 173

VII
. Conversion Tables

Feet to Meters
Feet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74
10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79
20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84
30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89
40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 14.93
50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.07 17.37 17.68 17.98
60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 20.42 20.73 21.03
70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08
80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13
90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17

Fathoms to Meters
Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46
10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75
20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.03
30 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32
40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 89.61
50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.07 107.90
60 109.73 111.56 113.39 115.21 117.04 118.87 120.70 122.53 124.36 126.19
70 128.02 129.85 131.67 133.50 135.33 137.16 138.99 140.82 142.65 144.47
80 146.30 148.13 149.96 151.79 153.62 155.45 157.28 159.11 160.93 162.76
90 164.59 166.42 168.25 170.08 171.91 173.74 175.56 177.39 179.22 181.05

Meters to Feet
Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 3.28 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40 19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53
10 32.81 36.09 39.37 42.65 45.93 49.21 52.49 55.77 59.06 62.34
20 65.62 68.90 72.18 75.46 78.74 82.02 85.30 88.58 91.86 95.14
30 98.42 101.71 104.99 108.27 111.55 114.83 118.11 121.39 124.67 127.95
40 131.23 134.51 137.80 141.08 144.36 147.64 150.92 154.20 157.48 160.76
50 164.04 167.32 170.60 173.88 177.16 180.45 183.73 187.01 190.29 193.57
60 196.85 200.13 203.41 206.69 209.97 213.25 216.54 219.82 223.10 226.38
70 229.66 232.94 236.22 239.50 242.78 246.06 249.34 252.62 255.90 259.19
80 262.47 265.75 269.03 272.31 275.59 278.87 282.15 285.43 288.71 291.99
90 295.28 298.56 301.84 305.12 308.40 311.68 314.96 318.24 321.52 324.80

Meters to Fathoms
Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 0.55 1.09 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92
10 5.47 6.01 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75 9.30 9.84 10.39
20 10.94 11.48 12.03 12.58 13.12 13.67 14.22 14.76 15.31 15.86
30 16.40 16.95 17.50 18.04 18.59 19.14 19.68 20.23 20.78 21.33
40 21.87 22.42 22.97 23.51 24.06 24.61 25.15 25.70 26.25 26.79
50 27.34 27.89 28.43 28.98 29.53 30.07 30.62 31.17 31.71 32.26
60 32.81 33.36 33.90 34.45 35.00 35.54 36.09 36.64 37.18 37.73
70 38.28 38.82 39.37 39.92 40.46 41.01 41.56 42.10 42.65 43.20
80 43.74 44.29 44.84 45.38 45.93 46.48 47.03 47.57 48.12 48.67
90 49.21 49.76 50.31 50.85 51.40 51.95 52.49 53.04 53.59 54.13

VIII Pub. 173

 IX

. Abbreviations

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

Units
°C degree(s) Centigrade km kilometer(s)
cm centimeter(s) m meter(s)
cu.m. cubic meter(s) mb millibars
dwt deadweight tons MHz megahertz
FEU forty-foot equivalent units mm millimeter(s)
gt gross tons nt net tons
kHz kilohertz TEU twenty-foot equivalent units

Directions
N north S south
NNE northnortheast SSW southsouthwest
NE northeast SW southwest
ENE eastnortheast WSW westsouthwest
E east W west
ESE eastsoutheast WNW westnorthwest
SE southeast NW northwest
SSE southsoutheast NNW northnorthwest

Vessel types
LASH Lighter Aboard Ship Ro-ro Roll-on Roll-off
LNG Liquified Natural Gas ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier
LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier
OBO Ore/Bulk/Oil VLOC Very Large Ore Carrier
Lo-lo Lift-on Lift-off FSO Floating Storage and Offloading
NGL Natural Gas Liquids FSU Floating Storage Unit
Floating Production Storage and
FSRU Floating Storage and Regasification Unit FPSO
Offloading

Time
ETA estimated time of arrival GMT Greenwich Mean Time
ETD estimated time of departure UTC Coordinated Universal Time

Water level
MSL mean sea level LWS low water springs
HW high water MHWN mean high water neaps
LW low water MHWS mean high water springs
MHW mean high water MLWN mean low water neaps
MLW mean low water MLWS mean low water springs
HWN high water neaps TFW Tropical Fresh Water
HWS high water springs HAT highest astronomical tide
LWN low water neaps LAT lowest astronomical tide

Communications
D/F direction finder MF medium frequency
R/T radiotelephone HF high frequency
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System VHF very high frequency
LF low frequency UHF ultra high frequency

Navigation
LANBY Large Automatic Navigation Buoy SBM Single Buoy Mooring
NAVSAT Navigation Satellite SPM Single Point Mooring
ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System TSS Traffic Separation Scheme
CBM Conventional Buoy Mooring System VTC Vessel Traffic Center
MBM Multi-Buoy Mooring System VTS Vessel Traffic Service

Pub. 173
X

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

CALM Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring

Miscellaneous
Maritime Mobile Service Identity
AIS Automatic Identification System MMSI
Code
COLREGS Collision Regulations No./Nos. Number/Numbers
International Association of Lighthouse PA Position approximate
IALA
Authorities PD Position doubtful
IHO International Hydrographic Organization Pub. Publication
International Convention for
IMO International Maritime Organization SOLAS
Safety of Life at Sea
IMDG Intermational Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
LOA length overall St./Ste. Saint/Sainte
International Ship and Port facility
UKC Under keel clearance ISPS
Security
International Convention on the Tonnage Electronic Chart Display and
ITC ECDIS
Measurement of Ships (1969) Information System

Pub. 173
 Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
Chartlet—Sector Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
Conversion Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX

Sector 1
Sector 1—Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head (including the Gulf of Kachchh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Sector 2
Sector 2—India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama, including the Gulf of Cambay and Mumbai (Bombay) . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Sector 3
Sector 3—India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Sector 4
Sector 4—Sri Lanka (including the Gulf of Mannar, Palk Strait, and Palk Bay) and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Cal-
imere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Sector 5
Sector 5—The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Sector 6
Sector 6—India—East Coast—Point Calimere to Balisahi Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Sector 7
Sector 7—India—East Coast—Balisahi Point to New Moore Island—Bangladesh and Burma—West Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Sector 8
Sector 8—Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Sector 9
Sector 9—The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Index—Gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Pub. 173 XI
 1. cluding the Gulf of Kachchh)
Sector 1—Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head (in-

1.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 1 — CHART INFORMATION
Pub. 173

1
 3

SECTOR 1
PAKISTAN AND THE WEST COAST OF INDIA—RAS MUARI TO DIU HEAD (INCLUDING
THE GULF OF KACHCHH)

Plan.—This sector describes the coasts of Pakistan and India

1.0 1.2A submarine cable is laid from Hawkes Bay, leading S, then
between Ras Muari and Diu Head (20°41'N., 70°50'E.), includ- WSW and W, passing about 4.5 miles S of Ras Muari.
ing the Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch). The sector includes 1.2Manora Point (24°47'N., 66°59'E.), forming the W side of
the port of Karachi. The arrangement of the sector is from NW the entrance to Karachi, is a perpendicular cliff at the SE end of
to SE. a narrow hill, about 29m high. Manora Point Light is shown
from a red circular tower with white bands, 38m high, about
Ras Muari to Karachi 0.3 mile NNW of Manora Point. The signal station for commu-
nicating with vessels outside the harbor is a conspicuous lattice
1.1 Ras Muari (Cape Monze) (24°47'N., 66°39'E.) is the tower, 42.5m high, about 91m WSW of the light structure.
W extremity of a sloping headland which rises to a pointed New Manora Breakwater extends about 0.6 mile SSE from
summit about 148m high, about 0.8 mile E of the headland. Manora Point.
The Jhil Range, a ridge with a nearly level crest with several re- 1.2A lighted buoy, moored off the edge of the coastal bank
markable hummocks on it, extends about 10 miles NE of Ras about 3 miles SSE of Manora Point, marks the N edge of a
Muari; the highest hummock, 234m high, lies about 3.5 miles spoil ground and is on station from September to May. Its posi-
E of Ras Muari. Ras Muari lies about 17 miles W of the en- tion is approximate and is liable to be washed away or with-
trance to Karachi and is the most likely landfall for vessels ap- drawn frequently.
proaching Karachi from W.
1.1Ras Muari Light, shown from a concrete tower, 51m high Karachi (24°47'N., 66°59'E.)
and painted in horizontal white and black bands, is situated on
the coast about 1 mile SE of Ras Muari. World Port Index No. 48600
1.1There are ten major lights in the area covered by this sector.
In addition to the light on Ras Muari, they are Manora Point 1.3 Karachi, the principal sea and rail terminal of Pakistan,
Light, Khuddi Light, Jakhau Light, Chhachhi Light, Navinal is the gateway to the fertile regions of the interior. Karachi is the
Point Light, Mandvi Light, Pirotan Island Light, Kalubhar Ta- largest and leading industrial city of Pakistan. Karachi Harbor is
pu Light, and Humani Point Light. divided into three main parts, namely Lower Harbor, Upper Har-
1.1Churma Island (24°54'N., 66°36'E.), 179m high, lies about bor and Pakistan Deep Water Container Port (PDWCP). Most
4 miles NW of Ras Muari. moorings and all oil piers are located in the Lower Harbor,
1.1Beauchamp Reef, a narrow ridge of sand, gravel, and shell, which is situated within the harbor entrance and extends about
with a least depth of 15m, extends about 3 miles NW from a 1.5 miles NNW; all other alongside berths are in Upper Harbor
position about 4 miles W of Ras Muari. which extends generally NNE from Lower Harbor for about 2
1.1A spit, with depths of less than 18.3m, extends about 3.5 miles. PDWCP lies E of Lower Harbor.
miles SW of Ras Muari Light. Nancowry Shoal, consisting of a
series of sand, gravel, and coral ridges, with depths of less than Karachi Port Trust Home Page
11m, lies on the inshore part of this spit. Two patches, 11 and
10m, lie on the spit, about 1.5 and 2.3 miles, respectively, SW http://www.kpt.gov.pk
of Ras Muari Light.
1.1The coast from Ras Muari to Buleji Point (Goth Jafar), about 1.3Winds—Weather.—The Southwest Monsoon, which gener-
9 miles E, is rocky and backed by the Jhil Range. It is low and ally runs from June to September, is characterized by high hu-
sandy to Manora Point, about 8.5 miles farther ESE. midity, high temperature, and strong winds. In addition to the
1.1Caution.—A dangerous wreck is charted 27 miles S of Ka- rain, which generally reaches Karachi in the latter part of July,
rachi. the Southwest Monsoon wind brings with it fine alluvial sand,
1.1A submarine exercise area extends up to 40 miles WNW, 50 which continuously blankets the city. Some squalls reaching
miles SW, and 25 miles SSE of Ras Muari. Naval exercises force 6-7 will occur during the Southwest Monsoon.
take place S and W of Ras Muari. 1.3The Northeast Monsoon (December through March) is char-
1.1Foul ground and shoal water, with depths of less than 9.1m, acterized by a relatively cool dry land breeze from the NE. Fog
extend nearly 2 miles SSE of Buleji Point. Shoals, with depths or mist is common at dawn and dusk during the winter months.
of 9.1 to 10.3m, lie up to 2.8 miles S of the point. 1.3Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Karachi is 2.0m at
1.1A prohibited anchorage area, best seen on the chart, lies SW HWS and 1.2m at HWN.
of Buleji Point. 1.3Tides at Karachi are semidiurnal and show a pronounced di-
urnal inequality at times, particularly at LW, occasionally fall-
1.2 Hawkes Bay, E of Buleji Point, has general depths of ing below the level of the chart datum.
less than 5.5m. A rock, with depths of less than 1.8m, lies in 1.3In the outer anchorage, the flood current sets E and the ebb
the middle of the entrance to the bay. current, which is scarcely perceptible, sets W.

Pub. 173
4 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

1.3The flood current sets E across the SE end of Manora Break- Harbor and Upper Harbor channels are dredged to a depth of
water at a velocity of 2 knots, then into the channel and harbor 12m.
toward the S end of W wharf, where it branches into both the 1.3The maximum draft for the W part of Upper Harbor is 8.8m.
Upper Harbor and Baba Channel. In the Upper Harbor, it is Vessels with drafts of 8m and deeper may enter or depart on
strongest on the W side; its greatest velocity in the entrance is HW only. On the W bank are the naval dockyard and West
about 2 knots. Wharf, while on the E bank lies East Wharf. New Channel
1.3The ebb current sets down the channel until abreast the oil leads W of the naval dockyard and the West Wharf. It has a
facilities on the E side of Lower Harbor, where it sets strongly width of 106.7m and it is dredged to a depth of 7.3m.
toward the E side of the channel. Its greatest velocity is about 3 1.3When berthing, vessels are advised to let go an anchor in
knots at springs. midstream to enable them to haul-off when leaving; however,
1.3On the flood tidal currents, during the Southwest Monsoon, attention should be paid to unreliable holding ground, for the
a considerable swell rolls into the Lower Harbor, making boat anchor may drag when casting off.
work at the Manora piers, which are situated on the W side of 1.3Along E side of the Lower Harbor channel are three oil piers.
the Lower Harbor NW of Manora Point, hazardous. Berthing information is given in the table titled Karachi—
Berth Information. There is a turning basin abreast Berth OP-
1, which has a dredged depth of 10.4m.
1.3On the W side of the channel, between Bunker Island and
Baba Pool, are six head and stern mooring berths which can ac-
commodate vessels up to 183m in length. LASH vessels up to
229m in length, 50,000 dwt, a beam of 30.4m, with a maxi-
mum draft of 8.2m, berth abreast Bunker Island. Caution is
necessary as many stranded and dangerous wrecks, best seen
on the chart, lie in the vicinity of the mooring buoys between
the LASH moorings and Baba Pool.
1.3Berthing information for East Wharf, West Wharf, and the
Lower Harbor oil facilities are given in the accompanying table
titled Karachi—Berth Information.
1.3Pakistan Deep Water Container Port (PDWCP) comprises
four container berths on the W side of the basin, orientated
SSE/NNW. Access to PDWCP is through Tipu Sultan Channel.
Karachi The channel and basin are dredged to 16m (2017).
1.3Two drydocks are available. The largest one is 246m long
1.3Depths—Limitations.—The depths in the port of Karachi and 27m wide, with a sill depth of 5.4m, accommodating ves-
are reduced to the chart datum measured from the lowest astro- sels up to 25,000 dwt. The other drydock is 176m long and
nomical tide. Silting in the channel usually occurs during the 24m wide, with a sill depth of 4.8m, accommodating vessels
Southwest Monsoon. Due to the varying depths at berths and up to 18,000 dwt.
silting in the channels, dredging in the harbor is continuously 1.3Aspect.—The Lower Harbor is that portion of the harbor be-
in progress to maintain the charted depth as far as possible. tween the entrance and the S end of East Wharf. Kiamari Groin
Vessels should enter the harbor on the first or last flood tidal forms the NE side of the Lower Harbor. The oiling pier lies in
current if at all possible. the NE part of the outer harbor. Extensive oil storage installa-
1.3The channel from Lighted Buoy S1/Lighted Buoy P1, about tions in the vicinity of the oiling pier are visible from a consid-
1 mile NE of the Fairway Lighted Buoy, to Lighted Buoy S3A/ erable distance.
Lighted Buoy P3, close SE of the head of Manora Breakwater, 1.3The Upper Harbor is formed between East Wharf on its E
from which a light is exhibited on Manora Point, is dredged to side and West Wharf on its W side. Kiamari, a small town built
a depth of 16m. From this position to a position ENE of Mano- on a sand ridge, lies E of the S part of East Wharf.
ra Point, the channel is dredged to a depth of 12.2m. Lower

Karachi—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
East Wharf
Chemicals, vegetable oils, fertilizer, grain,
No. 1 157m 11.0m — 10.6m — 82,260 dwt
mineral ore, oil, breakbulk, and bunkers.
No. 2 146m — — 10.7m — 81,200 dwt Fertilizer, grain, mineral ore, breakbulk, bun-
No. 3 171m — — 10.7m — 68,461 dwt kers, and livestock.
Berth Nos. 1, 2, and 3 have a continuous berthing length of 474m.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 5

Karachi—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
No. 4 135m — 229m 10.7m — 84,947 dwt Fertilizer, grain, mineral ore, breakbulk, bun-
kers, and livestock. Continuous berthing
No. 5 205m — 240m 10.7m — 89,772 dwt length of 340m.
No. 10 134m — 250m 13.0m — 82,177 dwt
No. 11 168m — 250m 13.0m — 91,873 dwt
No. 12 148m — 250m 13.0m — 81,018 dwt
No. 13 168m — 250m 13.0m — 92,995 dwt Grain, PCC, steel products, bunkers, aggre-
gates, coal, and breakbulk. Continuous berth-
No. 14 148m — 250m 9.7m — 82,331 dwt ing length of 1,230m.
No. 15 148m — 250m 9.8m — 79,528 dwt
No. 16 168m — 250m 9.8m — 89,772 dwt
No. 17 148m — 250m 9.8m — 63,520 dwt
West Wharf
No. 18 144m — 189m 9.5m — 54,204 dwt Project/heavy cargo and breakbulk.
No. 19 165m — 189m 9.5m — 54,204 dwt Project/heavy cargo and breakbulk.
No. 20 165m — 200m 9.5m — 54,204 dwt Project/heavy cargo and breakbulk.
No. 21 162m — 200m 9.5m — 63,562 dwt Project/heavy cargo and breakbulk.
No. 22 — — 150m 7.5m — 27,420 dwt Closed (2019).
No. 23 168m — 150m 7.5m — — Closed (2019).
No. 24 168m — 200m 10.0m — 61,630 dwt Cement, project/heavy cargo, and breakbulk.
No. 25 168m — 200m 10.0m — 89,772 dwt Cement, project/heavy cargo, and breakbulk.
Karachi International Container Terminal (KICT)
No. 26 — 13.5m 305m 13.0m — 110,593 dwt
No. 27 — 13.5m 340m 13.0m — 107,749 dwt
Container, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
No. 28 — 13.5m 305m 13.0m — 85,806 dwt
berthing length of 963m.
No. 29 — 13.5m 305m 13.0m — 83,964 dwt
No. 30 — 13.5m 305m 13.0m — 63,007 dwt
Pakistan Deep Water Container Port (PDWCP)
No. 1 375m 16.0m 400m 16.0m — 54,204 dwt
No. 2 375m 16.0m 400m 16.0m — 111,737 dwt Container, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
No. 3 375m 16.0m 400m 16.0m — 156,605 dwt berthing length of 1,500m.
No. 4 375m 16.0m 400m 16.0m — 156,605 dwt
Pakistan International Container Terminal (PICT)
No. 6 177m 13.5m 305m 13.0m — 83,964 dwt
No. 7 119m 13.5m 305m 13.0m — 83,964 dwt Container, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
No. 8 146m 13.5m 305m 13.0m — 73,195 dwt berthing length of 604m.
No. 9 162m 13.5m 305m 13.0m — 83,964 dwt
Karachi Terminal
Clean products, chemicals, crude, and bun-
OP-1 314m 13.7m 259m 13.0m 44.0m 115,514 dwt
kers.

Pub. 173
6 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Karachi—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products,
OP-2 295m 13.7m 259m 13.0m 44.0m 155,760 dwt
crude, vegetable oil, and bunkers.
Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products,
OP-3 290m 14.0m 259m 12.5m 44.0m 115,382 dwt crude, dirty products, bunkers, and vegetable
oil.

1.3The new part of Karachi, at the head of the Upper Harbor, maintain a listening watch on VHF channel 12 from 30 min-
contains many fine buildings, while that part closest to the har- utes prior to departure until when outside the port limits.
bor is closely-built and crowded. 1.3Vessels with their bridge structure aft and having a length
1.3When approaching Karachi from S and passing the Indus greater than 170m must arrive, sail, and shift berth during day-
Delta, the landmarks are not good. Land is not generally seen light hours only.
before sighting Manora Point. During the Southwest Monsoon, 1.3The following vessels may navigate in the harbor only be-
this approach is particularly hazardous. There is a continuous tween LW and 1 hour before HW:
haze and overcast during this season, making visual determina- 1. Cargo vessels greater than 288m long.
tion of the ship’s position difficult. From the W, Ras Muari 2. Tankers greater that 259m long berthing at OP-1 and
makes a good landfall. OP-2.
1.3Several groups of large square buildings are distinguishable 1.3It has been reported (1995) that vessels are not allowed to
at Clifton, situated on some low sand hills, about 3 miles E of depart the harbor on the ebb current.
Manora Point. 1.3Although Fridays are weekly holidays, the port will impose a
1.3At night, the lights on East Wharf can be seen from some fine for vessels not working cargo on this day.
distance seaward and care is necessary not to mistake them for 1.3Signals.—The signal station for communicating with vessels
navigational lights when approaching the port. Three conspicu- outside the harbor is the tower WSW of Manora Point Light.
ous chimneys, one of which emits a flare, stand about 8 miles E This tower, which is manned continuously, will flash the Morse
of Manora Point. Code Letter “U” if a vessel appears to be lying into danger.
1.3Bara Andai, 28m high, lies about 1 mile ENE of Manora 1.3Storm signals, using the General System, are displayed from
Point and is the S islet of Oyster Rocks. the Manora Point Light signal station and from the N entrance
1.3Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels of 200 gt and of Boat Basin, about 1.5 miles N of the Manora Point Light
over. Pilots board incoming vessels 24 hours in the vicinity of signal station. Further information on these storm signals may
the Fairway Lighted Buoy (24°43.41'N., 66°55.78'E.). Pilots be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
are requested by VHF. The Manora Point Light signal station South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
will advise the vessel if rough weather prohibits the pilot from nals.”
boarding. 1.3Contact Information.—See the table titled Karachi—Con-
1.3Karachi Harbor maintains a 24-hour watch on VHF channels tact Information.
12 and 16. The Karachi Pilot can be contacted (call sign: Man-
ora Port Control) on VHF channels 8, 9, 11, 12, and 16. Kara- Karachi—Contact Information
chi Coast Radio can be used for passing messages.
INMARSAT communication is also possible. Port Authority
1.3A vessel, while awaiting the pilot, should heave-to with its VHF VHF channels 12, 14, 16, and 20
head to wind and sea and, on the approach of the pilot boat,
92-21-992-14530 thru 14541
bring the wind and sea on the port quarter and lower an accom- Telephone
modation ladder on the lee side. 92-21-992-14321
Regulations.—Ships should contact Karachi Port Trust
92-21-992-14329
1.3

(KPT) for reporting ETAs, with the following information: Facsimile

1. Vessels name and flag. 92-21-992-14330
2. Net registered tons and gross tons. E-mail gmo@kpt.gov.pk
3. Length overall.
4. Draft. Web site http://www.kpt.gov.pk
5. Loading/discharging information. Al-Hamd International Container Terminal
1.3Container vessels should send their initial ETA 7 days prior
arrival; all others should send their ETA 15 days in advance. Telephone 92-21-323-52660
Subsequent ETAs should be transmitted by all vessel types at Facsimile 92-21-323-51556
intervals of 96 hours, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior ar-
rival. E-mail info@aictpk.com
1.3Inbound vessels should maintain a listening watch on VHF Web site http://aictpakistan.com
channel 12 when the pilot boards. Outbound vessels should

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 7

Karachi—Contact Information
Refineria Gibraltar (CEPSA) Terminal
Telephone 92-21-323-52660
Facsimile 92-21-323-51556
E-mail info@aictpk.com
Web site http://www.aictpakistan.com
Karachi International Container Terminal
Telephone 91-21-323-16401
Facsimile 91-21-323-13816
E-mail info@kictl.com
Web site http://www.kictl.com
Pakistan International Container Terminal
Telephone 92-21-328-55701 thru 55709
Facsimile 92-21-328-55715
E-mail helpdesk@pict.com.pk
Web site http://www.pict.com.pk
Pilots Courtesy of Waqas Usman
Manora Light
Call sign Manora Pilot Control
VHF VHF channels 8, 9, 11, 12, and 16 Monsoon, it is advisable to drop an anchor in midstream to as-
sist in hauling off.
1.3When leaving the harbor, the pilot disembarks at the harbor
Anchorage.—Anchoring is prohibited within the area, best
entrance. Vessels should then steer through the buoyed channel
1.3

seen on the charts, which extends 5 miles SW from Manora

on course 220° until the Fairway Lighted Buoy is passed clear.
Breakwater. Anchorage is also prohibited within an area, best
However, as stated previously, Manora Point Light should not
seen on the chart, extending about 2 miles SSW from a posi-
be brought to bear less than 030°.
tion about 1.5 miles NW of Manora Point.
1.3Caution.—No vessel should proceed within 2 miles of the
From September to May, ships can anchor off Karachi out-
harbor entrance without local knowledge. Vessels should not
1.3

side the charted prohibited anchorage areas, as convenient ac-

attempt to enter the harbor without a pilot.
cording to draft; ships are recommended not to anchor in
1.3Several vessels approaching Karachi from S have grounded
depths less than 9m and during April and May, they should an-
on the banks off the Indus Delta through failure to sound and
chor farther offshore in depths not less than 12m.
for not making due allowance for the SE set.
Vessels should not anchor off Karachi during the Southwest
Dangey Patches, rocky heads with a least depth of 10.4m, lie
1.3

1.3

Monsoon, as several vessels have lost anchors and cables while

about 1.5 miles WSW of Manora Point. Three dangerous
attempting to do so.
wrecks lie within the red sector of Bari Andai Light, about 3
Upon arrival at the anchorage, vessels should report the fol-
miles S, 5.8 miles S, and 4.3 miles SSE, respectively, of Bara
1.3

lowing information:
Andai Island.
1. Time of arrival.
1.3Dangerous or stranded wrecks lie within 1, 6, and 9 miles
2. Vessel name and flag.
SW of Manora Point Light. Other dangerous wrecks lie 5 miles
3. Cargo.
SSW, 2.5 and 4.8 miles WSW, and 5 miles W of Manora Point
4. Position.
Light. These dangerous wrecks may not be marked by buoys.
Directions.—The best approach is with Manora Point Light
Other dangerous wrecks are reported (2014) to lie approxi-
1.3

bearing about 040° until the Fairway Lighted Buoy is sighted

mately 1.9 miles ESE of the Fairway Lighted Buoy and 5.4
and closed. It is dangerous to proceed within 2 miles of the har-
miles SSW of Buleji Point.
bor entrance, and under no circumstance should a vessel at-
1.3Submarine cables, best seen on the chart, lie all throughout
tempt to enter the harbor without a pilot. The lighthouse should
the approaches to Karachi extending from land seaward.
not be brought to bear less than 030° due to the heavy rollers
and swell on the edge of the flats.
1.3The channel is marked on either side by lighted buoys and a Approach to Muhammad Bin Qasim
Front and Rear Leading light.
1.4 Phitti Creek (24°40'N., 67°09'E.) is entered 11 miles
The best time to enter Karachi is on the first or last of the
SE of Manora Point, between Bundal Island, which is low and
1.3

flood tidal current. A vessel should swing to an anchor and

sandy, and Zulfiquar Bank (24°39.6'N., 67°08.1'E.), which
berth with its head S. When berthing during the Southwest
dries 0.6m. A tower, with an elevation of 24m, lies close NE of

Pub. 173
8 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

the SE extremity of Bundal Island. and at dawn.

1.4A bank, formerly known as Surveyor’s Sand (24°39.7'N.,
67°07.2'E.), is a drying patch with its SW extremity lying 1.5 Muhammad Bin Qasim (24°46'N., 67°21'E.)
miles SW of Bundal Island. Range lights lead through the outer
part of Ahsan Channel. The rear range light stands off the SE World Port Index No. 48605
end of Surveyor’s Sand.
1.4Phitti Creek is approached by Ahsan Channel, which leads 1.5 Port Muhammad Bin Qasim is the second largest port
through the shallow flat fronting the entrance. This entrance is in Pakistan and is situated in Phitti Creek, 32 miles SE from the
marked by Fairway Lighted Buoy, moored 7.5 miles SSW of center of Karachi. Constructed in the late 1970s, it is capable of
the rear range light on Surveyor’s Sand. The outer anchorage handling vessels of up to 75,000 dwt and 295m in length, with
area is centered about 2 miles W of Fairway Lighted Buoy. The a draft of 12.6m.
least depth in the anchorage is 17m, good holding ground, mud
and sand. A waiting area lies close E of the channel and N of Port Qasim Authority Home Page
Zulfiquar Bank.
1.4Bundal Island, composed of sand dunes, lies W of Muchak http://www.pqa.gov.pk
Island which is a small strip of land always visible at the SW
end of Buddo Island. Buddo Island is a low-lying area of man- Tides—Currents.—The spring tidal current of 3 knots on
1.5

groves and mudflats. There are several mooring buoys in the the flood and 5 knots on the ebb are normal in Phitti Creek and
channel E of Bundal Island. A prominent building stands on vessels should proceed with caution, especially in passing the
the E side of Bundal Island, 0.8 miles N of its S extremity; a dredges. Except in the entrance channel, the current mostly fol-
beacon stands on the NE point of the island. lows the direction of the creek.
1.4Anchorage.—Anchorage in 19 to 23m, good holding Depths—Limitations.—Access to the port is through a 24-
1.5

ground, mud and sand, can be obtained in the Offshore Outer mile long channel, divided into three sections beginning with
Anchorage Area, W of the Fairway Buoy. Oil and gas tanker Ahsan Channel. Ahsan Channel is approximately 9 miles long
anchorage areas lie SW of the Fairway Buoy. The limits of the and maintained to a depth of 15.3m. From the vicinity of Bud-
anchorage areas can best be seen on the chart. During the do Island and Zulfiquar Bank, the channel continues through
heavy swells of the Southwest Monsoon, vessels should anchor Phitti Creek and Kadiro Creek, both maintained to a depth of
near the W end of the anchorage area and pay out extra cable. 14.0m, to a turning basin off the Iron Ore and Coal Berth, a
1.4Caution.—During the Southwest Monsoon, a heavy swell is distance of 13 miles. From this jetty, the PQEPC Channel, with
also encountered in Ahsan Channel. During this period, sus- a dredged depth of 13.0m, traverses Gharo Creek to the
pended dust in the air also results in reduced visibility. Fog or PQEPC Terminal, 2 miles farther up the creek.
mist may also be encountered during the winter months at dusk

Port Muhammand Bin Qasim—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
FAP Marine Terminal
Fertilizer, grain, bunkers, and breakbulk.
FAP Berth 300m — 387m 12.8m 43.5m 100,535 dwt Berthing length of 390m (including dol-
phins).
Pakistan International Bulk Terminal (PIBT)
East Berth 230m — 225m 13.0m 32.26m 75,000 dwt Cement, clinker, coal, and bunkers. Con-
tinuous berth length 460m. Berthing
West Berth 230m — 225m 13.0m 32.26m 76,619 dwt length of 560m (including dolphins),
Pakistan Steel Mills Terminal
IOCB Coal, iron ore, steel products, and
279m — 230m 11.5m 40.0m 55,000 dwt
Berth bunkers.
Port Qasim Coal Power Plant
Coal Berth 280m — 206m — 32.26m 64,050 dwt Coal and bunkers.
Qasim International Container Terminals
No. 1 355m 13.0m 335m 11.0m 43.5m 114,175 dwt Ro-ro freight, containers, bunkers, and
reefers. Continuous berthing length of
No. 2 355m 13.0m 336m 11.0m 45.6m 117,333 dwt 710m.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 9

Port Muhammand Bin Qasim—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
No. 3 305m 16.0m 350m 13.0m 45.6m 123,159 dwt Containers, bunkers, and reefers. Con-
No. 4 305m 16.0m 350m 13.0m 48.4m 131,097 dwt tinuous berthing length of 610m.
Multipurpose Terminals
MW-1 200m 12.2m 200m 10.0m 32.26m 63,241 dwt Chemicals, crude, coal, clean products,
dirty products, cement, ro-ro passenger/
MW-2 200m 12.2m 200m 10.0m 36.0m 66,721 dwt
vehicle/rail, project/heavy, vegetable
MW-3 200m 12.2m 225m 10.5m 33.0m 63,592 dwt oils, fertilizer, steel products, break-
bulk, and multipurpose. Continuous
MW-4 200m 12.2m 225m 10.5m 33.0m 63,601 dwt berthing length of 800m.
Tanker Terminals
Engro Elengy Terminal
FSRU Chemicals, LNG, and LPG. Berthing
58m 14.0m 315m — 50.0m 130,000 dwt
Exquisite length of 375m (including dolphins).
Engro Vopak Chemical Terminal (EVTL)
Chemical gases, chemicals, and LPG.
75,000 dwt/
EVTL-13 40m 12.5m 225m 11.0m 40.0m Berthing length of 324m (including dol-
60,000t
phins).
FOTCO Oil Terminal
Aviation fuel, clean products, crude, and
114,809 dwt/
QP-1 55m 12.8m 251m 11.0m 43.8m dirty products. Berthing length of 280m
98,000t
(including dolphins).
Liquid Cargo Terminal (LCT)
50,879 dwt/ Vegetable oils and chemicals. Berthing
LCT Berth 27m 11.4m 185m 10.0m 33.0m
60,000t length of 240m (including dolphins).
Pakistan Gasport LNG Import Terminal (PGPCL)

96,811 dwt/ LNG. Shuttle tankers will take LNG to

FSRU BW
230m 13.5m 345m 11.9m 46.5m the FSRU during STS operations via
Integrity 173,400m3 cryogenic hoses.
SSGC LPG Terminals
80,000 dwt/ LPG.Berthing length of 228m (includ-
LPG Berth 30m 10.9m 163m 10.0m 33.0m
28,000t ing dolphins).

1.5The Emergency Anchorage and Turning Basin off the Iron 1.5Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board 1.5 miles
Ore and Coal Jetty is dredged to 14.0m (2012). The Emergency SW of Fairway Lighted Buoy. In bad weather, the pilot may
Anchorage and Turning Basin off the Qasim International Con- board in the waiting area or in the channel abreast the SE end
tainer Terminal 2 is dredged to 15.0m (2012). The Emergency of Bundal Island. The pilot boat is gray-hulled with a white su-
Anchorage and Turning Basin off the Qasim International Con- perstructure.
tainer Terminal 1 is dredged to 13.5m (2012). The Turning Ba- 1.5Deep-draft vessels are normally boarded by the pilot about
sin off the PQEPC Terminal is dredged to 13.0m (2017). 2.5 hours prior to HW, in order to assure that vessels berth at
1.5The width of the channel ranges from 185 to 280m in the ap- HW.
proach and from 145 to 250m in the reach channel. The turning 1.5Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA is required 72 hours, 48
basins are 370m and 450m in diameter. hours, and 24 hours in advance; messages are to be sent to the
1.5Dredging of the channel is continuous, but silting is liable to Deputy Conservator. Vessels should contact Port Qasim Con-
occur, particularly during the Southwest Monsoon. Buoys are trol 6 hours prior to arrival on VHF channel 16.
liable to drag and are moved frequently to mark the best chan- 1.5The ETA message should contain the following information:
nel. 1. Vessel name and flag.
1.5Specific berth information can be found in the table titled 2. Net registered tonnage.
Port Muhammand Bin Qasim—Berth Information. 3. Gross registered tonnage.

Pub. 173
10 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Anchorage.—See paragraph 1.4.

1.5

Caution.—Buoys marking the channel are liable to drag and

1.5

they are moved frequently to make best use of the channel es-
pecially during times of silting during the Southwest Monsoon
so their charted positions should not be relied upon. Night nav-
igation is restricted to special request.
In Ahsan Channel, a dangerous wreck lies near the SE edge
1.5

of the dredged channel, close N of Ahsan Channel Lighted

Buoy No. 11.

The Indus Delta—Phitti Creek to Khori Creek

1.6 Winds—Weather.—The climate of the Indus Delta is
hot in the summer, cool in the winter, and unhealthy during the
floods, which normally occur from June to September.
1.6Tides—Currents.—The currents in the Indus Delta tend to
be variable, but the sets of the currents do tend to parallel the
coast.
Muhammad Bin Qasim 1.6Farther off the delta, the currents have a seasonal variation
that is related to the monsoons, as follows:
4. Length overall. 1. February to September—The set is usually SE, with
5. Draft. the strongest consistency occurring from June to August.
6. Loading/discharging information. 2. October—The currents are variable.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Port Muham-
1.5 3. November to January—The set is usually NW.
mand Bin Qasim—Contact Information. 1.6The rate of the current is usually less than 1 knot, but a rate
of as much as 2 knots can occur, usually from June through
Port Muhammand Bin Qasim—Contact Information August and in December.
1.6Tidal currents at the mouths of the Indus Delta are strong,
Port Authority and can attain the following rates at ebb:
92-21-992-72111 thru 72130 1. Phitti Creek (24°40'N., 67°09'E.)—3 knots.
2. Dabbo Creek (24°19'N., 67°16'E.)—3 knots.
92-21-347-30101 3. Turshian Creek (24°03'N., 67°23'E.)—5 knots.
Telephone
92-21-347-30102 4. Sir Creek (23°38'N., 68°02'E.)—4 knots.
1.6Aspect.—The Indus Delta extends about 115 miles SE from
92-21-347-30103
Karachi to Khori Creek. The delta is low and flat throughout,
92-21-347-30108 and is partially flooded at HW to a considerable distance in-
Facsimile land. It is destitute of trees and shrubs, with the exception of a
92-21-347-30109
little jungle, and nothing is seen for many miles but swamp.
Web site http://www.pqa.gov.pk The land is scarcely discernible at more than 2 miles offshore,
Port Control except where bushes exist, which can be seen at LW at a dis-
tance of 5 or 6 miles.
Call sign Port Qasim Control 1.6A narrow strip of sand hills generally fronts this coast, which
VHF VHF channels 10 and 16 is backed by mangrove swamps and fronted by drying sand
banks. During the heat of the day, and especially during the dry
Harbormaster season when the wind blows off the land, a heavy dust-haze
Telephone 92-21-992-72172 hangs low over the coast, making the coastal features unrecog-
nizable, even from a short distance to seaward.
Facsimile 92-21-992-04284 Khuddi Creek (24°36'N., 67°12'E.) is fronted by a bar with
Qasim International Container Terminal a depth of 2.4m; within the bar a 1-mile wide channel, with
depths from 4 to 11m, leads between low sandy islands on ei-
Telephone 92-21-347-39024
ther side of the entrance. A light shown from a round tower,
Facsimile 92-21-347-39077 with black and white bands, on the S side of the creek.
Caution.—It is difficult to identify the different mouths of
E-mail help.desk@pict.com.pk
1.6

the Indus River on a coast so devoid of landmarks and, at

Web site http://www.dpworldkarachi.com times, partially submerged. Beacons marking the mouths have
Pilots long since collapsed or disappeared, owing to the constantly
changing coastline; a few beacons remain.
Call sign Port Qasim Control 1.6Vessels navigating along this coast should remain in depths
VHF VHF channels 10 and 16 over 18m, as the depths shoal abruptly in places, especially in
the vicinity of The Swatch. It is dangerous for a deep-draft ves-

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 11

of the outlets of the Rann of Kutch, has a shallow bar, but is

navigable by local craft as far as Lakhpat, about 28 miles in-
land, on the SE side of the river. The entrance of the creek is
obstructed by several sand banks, except on the E side, where a
deep-water channel leads into the creek. The banks of the
creek, 0.6 to 1.5m high, are broken by numerous waterways.
Koteshwar Light (23°40'N., 68°32'E.), is shown from a tower
with black bands, 60m in height, 0.8 mile S of Koteshwar Tem-
ple.
1.8When a vessel is in depths of over 5.5m off the mouth of
Khori Creek, the low land cannot be seen, except in the clearest
weather, when the low hills NE will be visible.
1.8Maniara (23°28'N., 68°37'E.), 67m high, is surmounted by
a fort. The bar, with depths of 3 to 3.7m, is about 4 miles across
and lies with its outer edge about 10 miles seaward of the E en-
trance point of Khori Creek. A dangerous wreck lies about 15
miles WSW of the entrance to Kori Creek. Inside the bar, the
channel, with depths of 5.5 to 22m, leads through the creek for
a distance of 10 to 12 miles. As the channel and banks are sub-
ject to constant changes, local knowledge is necessary.
1.8Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents are strong in the estuary
of Khori Creek, attaining a velocity of 5 knots at springs and
about 3 knots at neaps. The flood sets up the channel until
Courtesy of Jaap Berk
three-quarters flood, when it sweeps over the sand banks in the
Khuddi Island Light
entrance.
sel to approach the Indus Delta, as the breakers on the shelving 1.8Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies in the approaches to
coastal banks, which extend many miles offshore, are often Khori Creek in position 23°20'15''N, 67°57'45''E.
seen before the coast is sighted; this is especially so during the
Southwest Monsoon, when visibility is poor and the sea breaks 1.9 Godia Creek (23°14'N., 68°35'E.), known locally as
in depths of 5.5m or more. The discoloration of the water is Jakhau Harbor, is a fair weather lighterage port administered
very marked, especially off the main fresh water mouths on the from Mandvi (paragraph 1.12). It can be identified by some
ebb tidal current, when during spring tides it extends more than sand hills, about 9.1m high, on the N side of its entrance. The S
10 miles offshore. side of the entrance is low and fronted by ridges of sand, 6 to
1.6Heavy tide rips are common off the mouths of the Indus Del- 13m high. A light, 41m in height with racon, stands on the S
ta, especially during springs. side. The coast between Godia Creek and Kori Creek, about 19
miles NW, is very low and indented by creeks.
1.7 Sir Creek (Sir River) (23°38'N., 68°02'E.) enters the 1.9The entrance to Godia Creek is marked N and S by beacons;
sea about 100 miles SE of Karachi and is the approximate a light is shown about 2 miles E of the entrance, on the S side
boundary between India and Pakistan. of the creek. Multiple dangerous wrecks exist near the Godia
1.7The Swatch is a remarkable submarine valley, from about 3 Creek and are best seen on the chart. Local knowledge is nec-
to 8 miles wide, extending about 52 miles SSW from approxi- essary for entering the creek, as the coastline and creek is con-
mately 23°40'N., 67°27'E. The Swatch has depths of less than stantly changing.
183m on either side of it, with depths exceeding 1,097m at its 1.9The creek has depths of 5.5 to 8.8m within the entrance; the
SW end. It is almost regular in shape and has steep sides and a bar had a least depth of 1.2m in the fairway in 1961. Salt is
flat sloping bottom. The bottom and sides of The Swatch con- loaded into barges from a jetty near the above-mentioned light.
sist of soft, gray mud, with some sand and gravel on its NW A lighted Lidar platform, 11m in height, exists in 23°07.4’N,
edge. 68°27.8’E.
1.7The Swatch can be of great assistance to vessels approaching 1.9Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Jakhau Harbor using
Karachi from S. An echo sounder trace of maximum depths the Brief System. Further information on these storm signals
can help provide a clear indication of the vessel’s position, es- may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
pecially during the poor visibility and the strong sets of the South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
Southwest Monsoon. nals.”
1.7Khori Great Bank is an extension of the coastal bank SW 1.9Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained, in about
from the coast between The Swatch and Khori Creek. This 8m, mud, about 5 miles SW of the creek entrance. Vessels
bank has depths of 20.1 to 33m and extends as much as 60 should approach the entrance cautiously, as few distinguishable
miles offshore. landmarks are visible until in the vicinity of the 10m curve,
about 7 miles offshore.
Khori Creek (Kori Creek) to the Gulf of Kachchh 1.9The coast between Godia Creek and Asar Mata, about 43
miles ESE, is uniformly low and fronted by a narrow, sandy
1.8 Khori Creek (Kori Creek) (23°30'N., 68°20'E.), one ridge, which is about 9m high, except near Asar Mata where it

Pub. 173
12 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

is slightly higher. Villages are numerous and the land is well- the shoal.
cultivated. Gurur Shoal, about 5 miles NW of Humani Point, is com-
1.10

1.9Chhachhi Light is shown on the W side of the entrance of the posed of sand and rock, and has a least depth of 3m. Depths of
Chok Nadi (22°57'N., 69°00'E.), from a white masonry tower less than 10m extend about 2.8 miles SW, and 1.5 miles NE of
with black bands, 31m high. the shoal. A 9.4m patch lies about 6.5 miles W of Humani
1.9Dholo Pir Dome, 10m high, is conspicuous about 3.5 miles Point. Between Gurur Shoal and the mainland S and SE, the
ESE of the Chok River. depths are irregular; heavy tide rips are experienced, particular-
1.9Asar Mata (22°50'N., 69°13'E.), a conspicuous Hindu tem- ly on the ebb tide, on either side of the intervening deep-water
ple lies on the coast, on the crest of the sand hills, at an eleva- channel. The sea sometimes breaks in this channel, even in
tion of 34m. calm weather.
1.9Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies A shoal, with a least depth of 7.9m, lies about 5.5 miles S of
1.10

44 miles SE of Godia Creek in position 22°50'N, 67°54'E. Asar Mata. Detached shoals, with depths of 9.1m, lie about 2.5
miles WNW, and 1.5 miles NNW of the W end of this shoal.
The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch) Ranwara Shoals, about 6 miles S of the breakwater at Mandvi
(22°49'N., 69°21'E.), consists of two rocky shoals, oriented E-
1.10 The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch), entered be- W, with depths of less than 10m, separated from each other by
tween Asar Mata and Humani Point (Vomani Point) a narrow passage. The NW shoal, about 5.3 miles long, has an
(22°29'N., 69°04'E.), about 23 miles SSW, contains some shel- area at its E end with a depth of 3.7m. The SE shoal, about 3.5
tered anchorages and harbors. The shores of the gulf are uni- miles long, has an area at its NW end with depths of 0.9 to 4m
formly low. The N shore, consisting of sand and mud, is and depths of 5.5m and less near its SE end.
fronted by numerous shoals. The S shore is fronted with islets A lighted buoy is moored off the SW side of the SE shoal.
1.10

and islands covered with brushwood and surrounded by coral Pilotage.—Pilots for the Gulf of Kachchh are obtained at
1.10

reefs. Mandvi (22°50'N., 69°21'E.), on the N side of the gulf.

The N shore is backed by a range of hills, about 15 to 20
1.10 Vessel Traffic Service.—The Gulf of Kachchh is covered by
1.10

miles inland, extending in an E-W direction and nearly parallel the Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. The VTS area cov-
with the coast for a distance of about 35 miles. Krikubbah, ers the waters between latitude 22°14.5'N and latitude
253m high, with a sharp peak, lies about 18 miles N of Asar 23°34.0'N and between longitude 68°16.0'E and longitude
Mata. Nanu Hill (Nunnomar Hill), 434m high and circular, lies 70°30.0'E. The operational area of the VTS is divided into four
about 6.5 miles ENE of Krikubbah. Katrura, also circular and areas, as follows:
378m high, is the highest of the E peaks of this range, which 1. Sector 1—An area bounded by the coast and lines
lies about 24 miles E of Nanu Hill and may sometimes be seen joining the following positions:
from the S side of the gulf. a. 23°34.0'N, 68°28.0'E. (coast)
Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents are strong in the estuary.
1.10 b. 23°34.0'N, 68°16.0'E. (coast)
Across the mouth of the Gulf of Kachchh, the strong tidal cur- c. 23°00.0'N, 68°16.0'E.
rents over the uneven bottom cause a confused breaking sea. It d. 22°30.0'N, 68°30.0'E.
has been reported that the tidal currents in the gulf are very ir- e. 22°58.2'N, 68°57.8'E. (coast)
regular in direction and that a vessel proceeding into or out of Sector 1 can be contacted on VHF channel 69.
the gulf may be set considerably N or S in a short time. 2. Sector 2—An area bounded by the coast and lines
Along the coast on the N side of the gulf, the tidal currents
1.10 joining the following positions:
set E with the flood and W with the ebb, attaining a velocity of a. 22°58.2'N, 68°57.8'E. (coast)
2 to 3 knots. b. 22°30.0'N, 68°30.0'E.
The tidal currents in the vicinity of Lushington Shoal set
1.10 c. 22°14.5'N, 68°58.0'E. (coast)
ESE with the flood, attaining a velocity of 1.8 knots at neaps. d. 22°16.4'N, 69°16.0'E. (coast)
At the W edge of Gurur Shoal, the tidal current sets E with
1.10 e. 22°49.6'N, 69°16.0'E. (coast)
the flood and W with the ebb, at a velocity of 1.5 knots at Sector 2 can be contacted on VHF channel 71.
neaps. 3. Sector 3—An area bounded by the coast and lines
Between Gurur Shoal and the coast S and SE, there are
1.10 joining the following positions:
heavy tide rips on both sides of the fairway, particularly on the a. 22°49.6'N, 69°16.0'E. (coast)
ebb tide. The sea sometimes breaks in this fairway even in b. 22°16.4'N, 69°16.0'E. (coast)
calm weather. c. 22°21.0'N, 69°36.0'E. (coast)
Tidal currents over Ranwara Shoals attain a velocity of 5
1.10 d. 22°33.3'N, 69°36.0'E.
knots at springs and 3 knots at neaps. They cause heavy tide e. 22°46.7'N, 69°57.0'E.
rips and overfalls over the uneven ground in the vicinity of the f. 22°54.4'N, 70°00.0'E. (coast)
shoals and W toward Asar Mata. Sector 3 can be contacted on VHF channel 17.
Aspect.—Lushington Shoal (Unnia Mor) (22°38'N.,
1.10 4. Sector 4—An area bounded by the coast and lines
68°47'E.) lies in the fairway of the W approach to the Gulf of joining the following positions:
Kachchh, about 18 miles WNW of Humani Point. This danger, a. 22°21.0'N, 69°36.0'E. (coast)
with a least depth of 4.3m, can usually be identified by the dis- b. 22°33.3'N, 69°36.0'E.
coloration of the water over it. The bottom consists of sand and c. 22°46.7'N, 69°57.0'E.
rock. Depths of less than 10m extend about 2 miles WSW of d. 22°54.4'N, 70°00.0'E. (coast)

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 13

Sector 4 can be contacted on VHF channel 73. ing the VTS area.
The following ports are located within the VTS area:
1.10 2. On the relevant sector VHF channel when entering or
1. Bedi (paragraph 1.26). leaving a sector.
2. Kandla (paragraph 1.30). Contact Information.—See the table titled Gulf of
1.10

3. Jamnagar Terminal (paragraph 1.24). Kachchh—Contact Information.

4. Mandvi (paragraph 1.12).
5. Mundra (paragraph 1.14). Gulf of Kachchh—Contact Information
6. Navlakhi (paragraph 1.31).
7. Okha (paragraph 1.17). Master Control Center (MCC) Kandla
8. Salaya (paragraph 1.20). Call sign VTS Gulf of Kachchh
9. Sikka (paragraph 1.23).
VHF VHF channels 16, 17, 69, 71, and 73
10. Vadinar Terminal (paragraph 1.22).
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for the following ves-
1.10 91-2836-270-130
sels: Telephone
91-846-976-3555 (mobile)
1. Vessels over 300 gross tons.
2. All passenger vessels. Facsimile 91-2836-270-130
Vessels shall send a Pre-Arrival/Departure Report to Master
1.10

vtsgok@yahoo.com
Control Center Kandla (MCC Kandla) at least 24 hours prior to E-mail
arrival. Vessels arriving from a port with less than 24 hours vtsmanagergulfofkutch@yahoo.com
sailing time shall notify MCC Kandla by e-mail or facsimile
immediately upon departure from the previous port. The report Caution.—In the entrance to the Gulf of Kachchh, large
1.10

should contain the following information: quantities of mud and sand are sometimes held in suspension,
1. Vessel name and call sign. either on the surface causing discoloration, or beneath the sur-
2. IMO and MMSI Numbers. face, which will be churned up by a ship’s propellers, giving
3. ETA at entry point. the impression of being in shoal water. This may occur be-
4. Destination port and ETA. tween the meridians of 69°00'E and 69°30'E.
5. Year of build. Strong cross currents, setting in any direction for short peri-
1.10

6. Flag. ods, have been reported.

7. Port of registry. The depths in the gulf are very irregular for about 30 miles
1.10

8. Gross tons and net tons. inside the entrance. They then decrease gradually, with the bot-
9. Deadweight tons. tom changing from rock and sand to mud.
10. Length overall. A dangerous wreck lies 7 miles N of Chandri Reef and 1.5
1.10

11. Beam. miles WNW of Chandri Lighedt Buoy in approximate position

12. Summer draft. 22°37.7'N, 69°05.5'E.
13. Moulded depth.
14. Draft (forward, midships, and aft). The Gulf of Kachchh—North Coast
15. Port of loading.
16. Last port of call. 1.11 The coast between Asar Mata (22°50'N., 69°13'E.)
17. Destination port. and Mandvi, about 7 miles E, is fronted with white sandhills,
18. Next port after destination. between 6 and 15m high, which are very visible at night.
19. Type of cargo—Hazardous or non-hazardous. Vijayvillas Palace, Tamachi Pir Tomb, and a house are con-
1.11

20. If carrying hazardous cargo—Quantity on board. spicuous about 3.5 miles E of Asar Mata. The tomb is situated
21. Class and quantity of dangerous cargo or pollutants. on a sand hill, 26m high; the E end of the sand hill is a steep
22. Estimated fuel on arrival at VTS—heavy oil, diesel bluff, with a small creek at its foot.
oil, lube oil, and fresh water. Between Asar Mata and Mandvi, the coastal bank and some
1.11

23. Name of consignee. detached shoals, with depths of less than 5m, extend between
24. Details of local agent. 1.5 and 2 miles offshore.
25. Number and nationality of crew and passengers on ar-
rival and departure. Mandvi (22°50'N., 69°21'E.)
26. Master’s name and nationality.
27. Security level on board. World Port Index No. 48620
28. Any disabilities/deficiencies to the vessel.
29. Any cases of swine flu or other health issues. 1.12 Mandvi, situated on the W bank of the Rukmawati
30. Name of P&I Club. River, is the most important commercial town in the Gulf of
31. Cause of wreck removal and pollution in P&I Club— Kachchh. The port authority at Mandvi is exercised by the Port
Yes or no. Officer, however, radio messages to Mandvi are relayed
32. If yes—Validity of premium paid. through Kandla Radio.
33. CLC validity period. Depths—Limitations.—Albert Edward Breakwater, 564m
1.12

Vessels must report to MCC Kandla, as follows:

1.10 long and lighted at the head, protects the harbor from W winds.
1. An initial call made on VHF channel 16 when enter- The maximum draft accepted within the port is 9.1m. Vessels

Pub. 173
14 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Signals.—Storm signals are displayed, in daylight only,

1.12

from a flagstaff at the Customs House; the General System is

used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Contact Infor-
1.12

mation—Mandvi.
Anchorage.—Good anchorage may be obtained, in approxi-
1.12

mate depth of 7m, sand and shingle bed, 1.5 miles S if Albert
Edward Breakwater, with Mandvi Light and the breakwater
lights in line bearing 358°. The tidal currents at the anchorage
attain a rate of 3 knots at springs and less than 2 knots at neaps;
however, farther offshore the strength increases. Cargo is han-
dled by means of lighters at these anchorages.

1.13 The coast between Mandvi and Mudwah Point

(22°46'N., 69°30'E.) is fringed by a sand bank which extends
about 0.5 mile offshore in places. Mudwah Point is a sandy
bluff, 12.5m high. North of this point an extensive backwater
runs to within 2 miles of Raval Pir Tomb; the backwater is en-
tirely flooded at very high spring tides and at ordinary HW
during the Southwest Monsoon.
Long narrow ridges of sand, from 1 to 3m high, front the
1.13

coast between Mudwah Point and Navinal Point, about 12

miles E; a drying bank extends about 1 mile seaward of the
coast. Between these sand ridges and the mainland there is an
extensive swamp which is covered with mangroves and inter-
sected by numerous small creeks.
Sonar Durree, a sand bank, lies from 4 to 7 miles ESE of
1.13

Mandvi Light Mudwah Point and consists of detached drying ridges of sand;
it is steep-to on its S side. During the first half-flood, and after
with a maximum draft of 3.7m can berth alongside the break- half-ebb, the bank can be identified by the rippling of the wa-
water at high tides. The cargo wharf is 245m long and handles ter. Sonar Lighted Buoy is moored 1.5 miles S of Sonar
general and breakbulk cargo. Durree. From the masthead, the bank can be identified by the
The small harbor, sheltered from W winds by the breakwa-
1.12
discolored water. There is no navigable passage N of this bank.
ter, has a pier and pitched slope, where sailing vessels and Navinal Point (22°44'N., 69°43'E.) consists of a few ridges
lighters with a draft between 2.7 to 3m can secure alongside to of sand, the greatest elevation being not more than 3m. A large
work cargo on a HW only; the entire harbor dries out at a half swamp, partly covered with mangrove bushes and through
tide. The height of HW at Mandvi ranges between 3 and 4.2m. which several small creeks flow, extends NW, N, and NE of the
Aspect.—The town is surrounded by a wall flanked with
1.12
point.
bastions, within which a large flat roofed building forms a
prominent landmark. 1.14 Mundra Port (22°44'N., 69°42'E), about 1.5 miles
A conspicuous radio mast, 75m high, stands 4.5 miles NE of
1.12
NNW of Navinal Point, is a private port and has a natural break-
the entrance to the harbor. A light, with a racon, is shown from water. The port consists of an old port area with a roadstead an-
Mandvi Light, on the SW bastion of the wall mentioned above. chorage, a lighterage/coastal jetty, and a salt loading jetty. The
Raval Pir Tomb (Rawal Pir Tomb), conspicuous and lighted,
1.12
new port area consists of a multi-purpose terminal, a container
lies about 2.5 miles E of the harbor. There are some sand hills terminal, and offshore SPMs. An LNG terminal jetty has been
with clumps of trees in the vicinity of the Tomb. constructed (2017) leading from the shore W of the South Basin
in a SSW direction for about 0.5 mile.
Contact Information—Mandvi A crude oil tanker berth is under construction (2021) S of the
1.14

W breakwater, in the vicinity of position 22°43'36.6''N,

Port Officer
69°40'48.0''E.
Telephone 91-2834-223-033 Winds—Weather.—The weather is generally dry. From
Facsimile 91-2834-230-033 April to September, the winds are generally SW, with gusts up
to 22 knots. From September to April, the winds are generally
Web site https://www.gmbports.org/mandvi-port NE and light.
Tides—Currents.—Tides are semi-diurnal, ranging from
1.14

Vessel Traffic Service.—Mandvi is covered by the Gulf of

1.12
4.8m at springs and 2.5m at neaps with currents running gener-
Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see ally at 3 knots but as high as 5 knots at springs, alternating in
paragraph 1.10. direction between 070°/250°. Monthly tide tables for the entire

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 15

year are available at the Mundra Port Home Page web site. and Container Terminal Berth Information.
Depths—Limitations.—The minimum depth in the ap-
1.14 Ship-to-ship transfer operations take place in a circular area,
1.14

proach channel to the container berth is 13.1m. The navigation with a radius of 0.5 mile, centered on a position best seen on
channel and turning circle to Mundra International Container the chart, about 4 miles SE of Navinal Point.
Terminal are marked by six numbered lighted buoys and have a The minimum depth in this area is 22m.
1.14

depth maintained at 17 to 18m at any state of the tide. The Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot boards in posi-
1.14

depth in the berth entrance to the South Basin consists of a tions, as instructed by Mundra Port Control, as follows:
buoyed channel, with a length of 1,153m, a width of 502m, a 1. Container Terminal—position 22°42'09.6''N,
turning circle with a 750m radius, and 14.4m minimum depth; 69°43'34.2''E.
however, depths are subject to change. A heavy swell maybe 2. Multipurpose Berth—position 22°42'09.6''N,
encountered outside the breakwater during the monsoon season 69°42'07.8''E.
from May to September. West Basin is approached through 3. SPM—position 22°38'51.6''N, 69°38'16.2''E.
buoyed channel with a turning circle of radius 841m and a min- 4. West Basin—position 22°40'57.6''N, 69°33'33.6''E.
imum depth of 14.2m. The newly-completed Container Termi- Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA to Mundra
1.14

nal 4 has a depth of 16.4m. Consult the Port Authority for the Port Control 7 days, 5 days, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours
latest information. Specific berth information can be found in in advance.
the accompanying table titled Mundra Port—Multi-purpose

Mundra Port—Multi-Purpose and Container Terminal Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Terminal 1
Chemicals, clean products, dirty
75,000 dwt/ products, vegetable oil, and bunkers.
No. 1 215m 16.5m 295m 15.5m 38.0m
90,000t Berthing length of 275m (including
dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, dirty
products, vegetable oil, and bunkers.
No. 2 200m 16.0m 185m 13.0m 32.0m 37,596 dwt
Berthing length of 265m (including
dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, dirty
60,000 dwt/ products, vegetable oil, multipurpose,
No. 3 165m 15.0m 230m 14.0m 38.0m
90,000t and bunkers. Berthing length of 225m
(including dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, dirty
60,000 dwt/ products, vegetable oil, multipurpose,
No. 4 160m 12.5m 230m 12.0m 32.0m
90,000t and bunkers. Berthing length of 220m
(including dolphins).
Barge 90m 9.0m 84.5m 6.0m 15.0m 3,116 dwt Bunkers.
Terminal 2
No. 5 250m 14.5m 250m 14.0m 38.0m 150,000 dwt Coal, fertilizer, mineral ore, break-
bulk, and bunkers. Continuous berth-
No. 6 320m 16.0m 250m 15.5m 45.0m 180,055 dwt ing length of 575m.
No. 7 320m 13.5m 175m 12.0m 35.0m 40,000 dwt Coal, fertilizer, mineral ore, and bun-
kers. Continuous berthing length of
No. 8 220m 13.5m 175m 12.0m 35.0m 40,000 dwt
540m.
Terminal 3
No. 9 264m 14.0m 190m 12.8m 32.0m 57,809 dwt
Ro-ro freight, bunkers, and break-
No. 10 265m 14.0m 230m 12.8m 38.0m 82,193 dwt bulk. Continuous berthing length of
794m.
No. 11 265m 14.7m 230m 13.5m 43.0m 82,188 dwt
Breakbulk, salt, and bunkers. Berthing
No. 12 195m 14.0m 229m — 32.0m 79,467 dwt
length of 240m (including dolphins).

Pub. 173
16 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Mundra Port—Multi-Purpose and Container Terminal Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
West Basin Terminal
WB1 377m — 300m 17.3m 55.0m 209,956 dwt
WB2 377m — 300m 17.3m 55.0m 206,562 dwt Coal. Continuous berthing length of
WB3 378m — 225m 17.3m 55.0m 183,123 dwt 1,510m.
WB4 378m — 189m 17.3m 32.0m 55,691 dwt
Mundra International Container Terminal
CB1 315m 14.5m 300m 13.3m 48.4m 150,000 dwt Containers, breakbulk, bunkers, and
reefer. Continuous berthing length of
CB2 315m 14.5m 300m 13.3m 48.4m 150,000 dwt 630m.
Adani Mundra Container Terminal
CB3 315m 14.5m 295m 14.3m 48.4m 150,000 dwt Containers, bunkers, and breakbulk.
CB4 315m 14.5m 295m 14.3m 48.4m 150,000 dwt Continuous berthing length of 630m.
Adani CMA Mundra Terminal
SB3 325m 17.5m 397m — 48.2m 142,018 dwt Containers and breakbulk. Continuous
SB4 325m 17.5m 325m — 48.4m 153,514 dwt berthing length of 650m.
Adani International Container Terminal
SB5 405m 17.5m 325m 15.2m 48.4m 153,514 dwt Containers and breakbulk. Continuous
SB6 405m 17.5m 325m 15.6m 51.2m 141,406 dwt berthing length of 810m.
SB7 600m 17.5m 366m 15.6m 51.2m 165,991 dwt Containers and breakbulk.
Mega Car Terminal
Ro-ro 47m — — — — — PCC.
Mundra LNG Terminal
LNG. Berthing length of 410m (in-
No. 1 & 2 38m — 315m — 50.0m 121,946 dwt
cluding dolphins)
Mundra SPM Terminal
Adani Port
— 32.0m 350m 25.0m 60.0m 360,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.
SPM
HMEL
— — 350m — 60.0m 320,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.
SPM

Tankers berth at the SPM during daylight hours only. Un-

1.14 about 1.2 miles ESE of Navinal Point, but must keep clear of
berthing may take place at any time. the range line leading to the container terminal.
Vessels should contact Mundra Port Control on VHF channel
1.14

16 or 73 at least 2 hours prior to arrival at the port limits for Mundra—Contact Information
berthing instructions.
Vessel Traffic Service.—Mundra Port is covered by the
1.14
Port Authority
Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa- 91-2838-255-781
tion, see paragraph 1.10. The Navinal VTS Tower in position Telephone
91-2838-255-762
22°46.8’N, 69°40.4’E, 60m in height, is a major light and can
be used as a navigation aid. Facsimile 91-2838-255-002
Contact Information.—See the table titled Mundra—Con-
1.14

E-mail portopscenter@adani.com
tact Information.
Anchorage.—Vessels waiting to berth at Navinal Marine
1.14 Port Control
Terminal can anchor, in 12 to 30m, about 4 miles SSE of Call sign Mundra Port Control
Navinal Point. Deep-draft vessels working cargo can anchor

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 17

Mundra—Contact Information Okha Point, low and sandy, lies about 1 mile ESE of Humani
1.16

Point and is marked by a 28m high flagstaff; the town of Okha

VHF VHF channels 16 and 77 lies on this point.
91-2838-255-761 Samiani Island (Samiyani Island) lies about 1 mile N of
1.16

Telephone Okha Point, with its SW extremity over 30m high.

91-2838-255-739 A Deep Water Route has been established leading from SW
1.16

91-2838-255-002 of the entrance point of the Gulf of Kachchh for the use of VL-
Facsimile CCs to approach the offshore oil terminal near Sikka Creek.
91-2838-296-142
The route is entered 7 miles WNW of Kachchigadh Light,
portopscenter@adani.com leads between Lushington and Gurur Shoals, then E into the
E-mail gulf, passing N of Investigator Reef. The route varies in width
marine.control@adani.com
from 0.8 to 1.7 miles, with its first 4.5 miles having controlling
Web site http://www.adaniports.com depths of 25m; the 8.5 mile stretch of the route NNE of Okha,
Mundra International Container Terminal having depths of 23m.
Vessels with drafts less than 15m, navigating in the Gulf of
1.16

Telephone 91-2838-288-274 Kachchh, should keep N of the Deep Water Route and S of
Facsimile 91-2838-288-278 Ranwara Shoals (22°41'N., 69°22'E.).
In 1982, it was reported that the shallowest depth of 23m lies
1.16

Web site http://www.dpworldmundra.com between the meridians of 69°08'E and 69°10'E.

Pilots Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies
1.16

34 miles E of Humani Point in position 22°29.3'N, 68°27.8'E.

Contact Mundra Port Control

Two designated anchorage areas, best seen on the chart, for

1.14

vessels awaiting a berth at the Marine Terminal or the Contain-

er Terminal are located, as follows:
1. General Anchorage Area A—Centered about 5 miles
SSE of Navinal Point.
2. General Anchorage Area B—Centered about 9.25
miles SW of Navinal Point.
An anchorage area for vessels using the SPM is located 2.3
1.14

miles SSE of the SPM.

Caution.—Two dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie
1.14

12 and 14 miles S of the port.

1.15 Between Navinal Point and Nakti Creek, about 27

miles ENE, the coast is fronted by a mud flat which dries up to
3 miles offshore. A 6.7m shoal lies about 3 miles E of Navinal
Point, and a chain of shoals, with depths of 0.3 to 6.4m, ex-
tends about 8.5 miles ENE of the same point.
Bhadreshwar Temple, standing about 14.5 miles NE of
1.15

Navinal Point, is conspicuous, with a white dome 25m high; a

fort lies close W from it. Another temple, 24m high, with a
dome, is about 1.3 miles S from the above temple.
A clump of banyan trees is conspicuous about 3.5 miles ENE
1.15

of Bhadreshwar Temple.

The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South

Coast
1.16 Humani Point (Vomani Point) (22°29'N., 69°04'E.),
at the N extremity of the Okhamandal Peninsula, forms the S Humani Point (Okha Point) Light
entrance point of the Gulf of Kachchh. A tower, 21m high, lies
on the point. There are two beacons standing 0.2 and 0.4 mile Okha (22°28'N., 69°05'E.)
SSE and SSW, respectively, of the point. Humani Point (Okha
Point) Light, shown from a tall white masonry tower with red World Port Index No. 48670
bands, is fitted with a radar reflector and lies about 0.4 mile
SSE from the point. A fog signal is sounded from the tower. 1.17 The Port of Okha lies between the N end of the Okh-
Two radio masts; situated close SSW of the light, are marked amandal Peninsula (22°29'N., 69°05'E.) and Bet Shank-
by fixed red obstruction lights. hodhar The port is protected and open year round, with

Pub. 173
18 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

facilities to accommodate deep-draft vessels. Samiani Island is fringed by a reef, which dries in places and
1.17

The port limits extend approximately 2.8 miles NE, 2 miles

1.17 extends about 0.2 mile NE from the NE extremity of the island.
NW, and 1.75 miles SW from the town. Its main exports are ce- Depths of 6.1m extend about 0.3 mile farther NNW.
ment, bauxite, and sodium carbonate. Chandri Reef (Chinri Reef), which dries, lies with its SW ex-
1.17

Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Okha is 3.35m at

1.17 tremity about 2 miles NE of Samiani Island. The reef lies on
MHWS and 2.74m at MHWN. the SW corner of an extensive shoal with depths of less than
In the W approach channel to Okha Harbor, the tidal currents
1.17 1.8m.
set ESE with the flood and WNW with the ebb, attaining a ve- A large shoal, with depths of 2 to 5m, lies W of Chandri
1.17

locity of 3.5 knots at neaps. Reef, with its W edge about 1.5 miles NNE of Samiani Island.
North of Samiani Island, and between it and Chandri Reef,
1.17 Lighted Buoy No. 1 is moored about 0.5 mile W of the shoal;
the tidal currents set SE with the flood and WNW with the ebb. detached patches, with depths of 4 to 5.5m, lie between the
The flood current attains a velocity of 3 knots at springs; the buoy and the shoal. Less water than charted has been reported
ebb current attains a velocity of 2 knots at neaps. (1993) about 0.5 mile ESE of the buoy.
West of Samiani Island, the tidal currents set NE with the
1.17 Chandri Rock, a shoal with a least depth of 2.4m, lies about
1.17

flood and SW with the ebb, with a velocity of 1.8 knots at 1.5 miles ENE of Samiani Island and is marked close SW by a
neaps. Southeast of the island, the reverse is the case. lighted buoy. Several other shoal patches lie in this vicinity.
The flood current sets strongly around the S end of Samiani
1.17 A large shoal, the NW end of which lies about 0.3 mile E of
1.17

Island in a S and E direction; from there it sets S through Okha the NE extremity of Samiani Island, extends SSE and dries
Harbor, curving E around the S end of Bet Shankhodhar. It has over its central portion for about 0.5 mile. Buoy No. 2 marks
a velocity of 1.3 to 1.5 knots at neaps and 2 knots at springs. the NW extremity of this shoal.
The ebb current, coming from the E around the S end of Bet
1.17 A wreck, with a depth of 5m, lies 1.7 miles NNW of Samiani
1.17

Shankhodhar, sets N through the harbor until it reaches the Island.

shoal water NW of Padmatirth Point. Here it divides into two The entrance channel, passing close SE of Samiani Island,
1.17

branches, one setting along the W side of the harbor and W of has a least depth of 4.9m in the fairway.
Samiani Island, and the other setting N and NE between Sami- There are general depths of 6.1 to 9.4m in Okha Harbor.
1.17

ani Island and Bet Shankhodhar, and then WNW in the area N Berthing details are shown in the table titled Port Okha—
1.17

of Samiani Island. The ebb current has a velocity of 1.3 to 2 Berth Information.
knots at neaps. Cargo can also be worked from the roadstead anchorage
1.17

Strong eddies form in the harbor at springs with both tidal

1.17 NNW of Samiani Island.
currents, and a confused sea occurs over the shallow ground Due to the narrow entrance of the approach channel between
1.17

NW of Padmatirth Point. There is a strong undertow at the an- Samiani Shoal and Samiani Island North Light, all vessels are
chorage off Okha Point. restricted to a beam no more than 28.4m.
Depths—Limitations.— Aramda Reefs, with a least depth
1.17 Aspect.—In addition to the landmarks and navigational aids
1.17

of 0.6m, extend about 1.5 miles from the coast, about 4 miles mentioned for the S approaches to the Gulf of Kachchh, a con-
WSW of Humani Point. spicuous chimney, 101m high, lies about 5.5 miles SW of Hu-
Marian Shoal, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies about 2.5
1.17 mani Point. A light is shown from the top of a building, 50m
miles W of Humani Point, and Bobby Shoal, with a least depth high, lying close NE of the chimney.
of 6.7m, lies about the same distance WNW of Humani Point. Samiani Island North Light is shown from a white concrete
1.17

Samiani Shoal, an extensive area with depths of less than

1.17 tower with black bands standing at the NE edge of the drying
3.3m, extends about 1.8 miles WNW from its E extremity, reef.
which lies about 0.3 mile N of the N extremity of Samiani Is- Okha Point and Samiani Island have been reported to be
1.17

land. There is a drying patch in the SE part of this shoal. Buoy good radar targets at 12 to 15 miles.
No. 1 is moored about 0.2 mile W of the NW extremity of the Samiani Island Center Light is shown from a white circular
1.17

shoal; a 5m patch lies about 0.3 mile W of the same extremity. stone tower near the center of Samiani Island; a tomb, with a
Buoy No. 2 marks the SE end of the shoal. spire 27.1m high, lies close N.

Port Okha—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam
Port Okha Terminal
Dry Cargo Berth
145m — — 4.0m 28.0m
(DCB) Bauxite, clinker, coal, fertilizer, wheat, sulphur,
New Lighter and soda ash.
100m — — — —
Wharf

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 19

Port Okha—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam
Bauxite, cement, clinker, coal, fertilizer, lime-
Sayaji Pier 180m — 181m 8.0m 35.0m stone, petcoke, ro-ro/passengers, soda ash, and
wheat.
Steel Sheet Pile
178m — — — — Coal, steel products, and bunkers.
Wharf

Mariners are advised to keep well clear of Gurur Shoal.

1.17

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and is

1.17

available during daylight hours only. Vessels should signal

their ETA 24 hours before arrival, amending the time as neces-
sary.
Pilots boards about 1.25 miles NNW of Samiani Island Cen-
1.17

ter Light, although caution is necessary as a dangerous wreck

lies close NW of the pilot boarding position. Vessels should not
proceed farther until the arrival of the pilot. During the North-
east Monsoon, a vessel should be in the above position 1.5
hours before HW or at LW; during the Southwest Monsoon
vessels should be in the above position 0.5 hour before HW or
1.5 hours before LW.
Vessel Traffic Service.—Okha is covered by the Gulf of
1.17

Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see

paragraph 1.10.
Signals.—Storm signals are displayed at Okha; the General
1.17

System is used. Further information on these storm signals

may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
nals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Okha—Con-
1.17

tact Information.

Okha—Contact Information
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
VHF VHF channel 16
91-2892-262-001
Telephone 91-2892-262-002
91-2892-262-039 1.17 Samiani Island North Light
Facsimile 91-2892-262-002
slack water, when the tidal currents on each side of the island
Web site http://www.gmbports.org/okha-port are comparatively slack and a vessel may take a sheer while en-
tering or leaving. At other times there is a strong race N and S
Anchorage.—Vessels of any length and draft up to 9m can
1.17 of Samiani Island. There is a heavy tide rip on all the shoals,
obtain anchorage in the outer roadstead, in depths of about especially on the ebb.
12m, sand and broken shell, with Samiani Island Center Light The E channel is approached to pass between Samiani North
1.17

bearing 171°, distant about 1.2 miles. Light and Lighted Buoy No. 2; then bringing the NE corner of
Vessels with a draft of not more than 4.9m and a length of
1.17
Sayaji Pier in line with the 10.4m high beacon, black disc top
less than 160m can anchor SE of Okha Point. marked, lying on Adatra Point, bearing about 207°; this leads
Directions.—Three channels lead to Okha, two from the N
1.17
through the fairway with a least depth of 4.9m in the channel.
and one from the S of Samiani Island. The E channel of the two The W of the two channels from the N leads close NW of
1.17

from the N is buoyed, considered safe, and generally used. Samiani Island. It is seldom used and should not be attempted
Strong tidal currents flow across this channel and it should not without local knowledge. The leading marks for this channel
be attempted without local knowledge. are two black beacons on Humani Point. These beacons, in line
The best time to enter and leave the port is about the time of
1.17 bearing 231°, lead through the fairway of this channel in a least

Pub. 173
20 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

center of the town, is most prominent. There is a small jetty at

the town.
Hanuman Point (22°28'N., 69°09'E.), the E extremity of the
1.18

island, is composed mainly of sand hills on its NE part. Hanu-

man Temple, about 0.8 mile W of the point, is the only building
on this part of the island.
Hanumandanda Reef lies on the foul ground extending about
1.18

1 mile N from the NE shore of Bet Shankhodhar Island.

Paga Reef, extending between 2.5 to 5.5 miles E of Hanu-
1.18

man Point, has a sand ridge on its SW side which covers only
at HWS. The red sector of Samiani Center Light covers Paga
Reef between the bearings of 260° and 290°.
Positra Point (22°25'N., 69°12'E.) lies about 3.8 miles SE of
1.18

Hanuman Point; the village of Positra lies 2 miles SW of the

point.
Anchorage.—During W gales, sheltered anchorage may be
1.18

obtained about 0.5 mile E of Bet Shankhodhar Island, with Ha-

numan Point bearing 334°; E of this position the bottom is
rocky. Detached 5.5m patches lie about 1.8 miles ENE and 2
miles E of Hanuman Point.
The tidal currents at the anchorage flow S with the flood and
1.18

N with the ebb, attaining a rate of 1.3 knots at neaps and 1.5
knots at springs.
Directions.—Vessels proceeding to the anchorage can pass
1.18

either E or W of Chandri Reef. Vessels passing E of the reef

should, when the village of Positra. lying on 20m high ground
bears 180°, steer for it until Samiani Center Light bears 275°,
when course may be altered towards the anchorage.
Vessels passing W of Chandri Reef should, from a position
1.18

Samiani Island Center Light about 0.8 mile N of Samiani Center Light, steer E to pass clear
N of Chandri Rock and a shoal patch about 0.3 mile N of it.
depth of 3.5m. The tidal current in this vicinity flows E and W at rates be-
The W channel, locally known as the Southern Channel,
1.17
tween 2.5 to 3 knots. Following this course, when Positra vil-
leads between Okha and Samiani Island. The leading marks for lage bears 180°, steer for it and proceed, as described above,
this channel are two beacons which lie 0.3 mile apart, 1.3 miles for the anchorage.
ENE of Padmatirth Point. In line bearing 116°, they lead Positra Bay (22°26'N., 69°09'E.) is entered W between the
1.18

through the W channel in a least depth of 3.7m. Strong tidal SE point of Bet Shankhodhar Island and Positra Point; the bay
currents flow across and the channel is extremely narrow and is very shallow and dries in places. Local knowledge is neces-
difficult. It is only used by coasters and small craft with local sary when navigating in the vicinity.
knowledge.
The continuation of all three channels S lead to anchorage
1.17 The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South
and moorings SE of Okha Point. Coast—Pindara Bay and Approaches
Caution.—Dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie ap-
1.17

proximately 22 miles WSW of Okha. 1.19 The summit of Ajad Island is 8 miles SE of Positra
Point and in line with Great Peak, the highest summit of Barda
The Gulf of Kachchh—South Coast—Okha to Hills, 35 miles SE, bearing 140°, which leads close NE of Paga
Bet Shankhodhar Island and Pindara Bay Reef.
The SE bluff of the Okhamandal Peninsula, 37m high and
1.19

1.18 Bet Shankhodhar Island (Beyt Shankhodhar) lies 9.5 miles SSW of Positra Point, seen between two islets of
with its NW extremity, Padmatirth Point, about 1 mile SE of Merodi Bet, bearing about 205°, leads close SE of Paga Reef.
Okha Point. The island is mainly composed of sand hills on its Boria Reef, which dries, lies at the E edge of foul ground ex-
1.19

N part, and formation of a rocky tableland on its SW part. tending E from Positra Point; a small reef lies about 0.8 mile
There are some clumps of coconut and a few other trees; the N, with a 3.7m shoal patch about 0.5 mile W. There is a deep
rest of the island consists of open jungle with thorny scrub. channel between Paga Reef and Boria Reef; however, local
Padmatirth Point, a small bluff tableland about 9m high, be-
1.18
knowledge is necessary when navigating in the vicinity.
comes an islet at highest spring tides. A small, white domed Bural Reef (Chank Reef) (22°30'N., 69°19'E.), an extensive
1.19

tomb lies on the point, with another tomb 0.8 mile E of it. drying coral reef, is steep-to on its N side and marked by a
Bet (Beyt), a town with a pilgrim resort, lies 0.5 mile S of
1.18
lighted north cardinal buoy. The reef extends about 10 miles
Padmatirth Point and is surrounded by many temples and from E to W and 9 miles from N to S.
shrines. Dwarkadhish Temple, a large square building near the A stranded wreck, which has been reported to give a good ra-
1.19

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 21

dar response, lies S of the NW point; another wreck lies about Reef.
1 mile S. A light is shown and a racon transmits from a round Investigator Reef (22°36'N., 69°33'E.), with a least depth of
1.19

tower, 12m high, on the NW side of Bural Reef. 8m, lies near the center of the Gulf of Kachchh, about 8 miles
Mitha Chusna is a small rocky islet, with another islet close
1.19 ENE of Chank Island Light.
to it, lying at the S point of Bural Reef.
Chank Island (Chank Tapu), lying 3 miles E of Nora Island,
1.19
The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South
is small and wooded. Chank Tapu Light is shown from a white, Coast—Salaya Harbor
square, concrete tower with black bands at the edge of Bural
Reef, 1 mile NNE of Chank Island. 1.20 Salaya Harbor (22°26'N., 69°33'E.), an all-weather
Bhaidar Island (Bhaidar Tapu) lies 3 miles NE of Mitha
1.19 lighterage port, is entered between the drying reefs extending
Chusna, is sandy on its W part, and is covered with mangroves. NE from Dhani Bet (22°25'N., 69°31'E.) and SW from Kalub-
Nora Island (Nora Tapu) lies 3 miles NE of Bhaidar Island and har Tapu. The harbor extends about 6 miles SE, with an aver-
is low and covered with mangroves. The highest group of trees age width of 0.7 to 0.8 mile. The continuation of the harbor S is
lie on its E side; the N side is sandy. Salaya Creek. Blunt Channel, an easterly continuation of the
Pindara Bay is large and shallow. Its head forms a salt marsh,
1.19 channel for small craft, leads S of Kalubhar Tapu and into
which dries out to a distance of 1.5 miles, but covers at HWS Pathfinder Inlet. Blunt Channel is narrow, tortuous, and diffi-
tides. The head is almost impassable and extends S forming the cult to recognize when the reefs and mud flats are covered.
E side of the Okhamandal Peninsula. The W limit of the Saush- The harbor entrance is not easily identified when the reefs
1.20

tra coast extends ENE to the head of the Gulf of Kachchh. Shi- that extend from the islands are covered.
yardi Bet marks the E entrance to the bay; Merodi Bet the W Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Salaya Harbor is 5.3m
1.20

entrance to the bay. at MHWS and 4.9m at MHWN.

Anchorage.—Anchorage for a small vessel with local
1.19 The tidal currents in Salaya Harbor set SE with the flood and
1.20

knowledge can be obtained 0.5 mile E of Merodi Bet and also NW with the ebb, attaining a maximum velocity of 2 knots at
on its W side, in depths of 11 to 16.5m, mud, sheltered from all the entrance to the harbor.
winds. This anchorage can be approached by the deep channel At a distance of 2 to 3 miles outside the entrance, the tidal
1.20

E of Paga Reef. currents set E with the flood and W with the ebb, attaining a
Ajad (Ajar), a bluff island 21m high at its S extremity, lies 3
1.19 velocity of 1 knot at neaps.
miles N of Shiyardi Bet. The ruins of an old tower lie high on Depths—Limitations.—The harbor has depths of 10 to 25m
1.20

the summit of a round hill at the S point of the island. Although in the entrance, gradually shoaling to 9.1m about 5 miles up the
the island is surrounded a by rocky reef and dangers, there are harbor.
deep channels N and W of the reef; several dangers exist in the A bar of soft mud extends across the approach. The fairway
1.20

fairway of the W channel. Local knowledge is essential in nav- in the approach has a least depth of 8.8m. Taylor Shoal, with a
igating in the vicinity. depth of 6.9m, lies on the bar, about 3.3 miles WNW of the W
Small vessels may anchor, in a depth of 7m, mud, close W of
1.19 extremity of Kalubhar Tapu. Hand Shoals consist of two 8.2m
the NW edge of Bural Reef. Vessels are cautioned to avoid patches lying about 0.5 mile SSW and 0.8 mile SSE, respec-
shoals extending NW and SW from the NW edge of the reef. tively, of Taylor Shoal.
On the E and SE sides of Bural Reef, there is good shelter from Nora Rock, with a least depth of 2.1m, coral, lies on the E
1.20

W winds; however, vessels anchoring E of the reef should side of the harbor, about 1.5 miles SW of the W extremity of
avoid Bubasir Rock off its E end. Kalubhar Tapu. A tongue, with a least depth of 6.7m, extends
A vessel may anchor, in a depth of about 15m, mud, near the
1.19 about 0.5 mile W from Nora Rock, and constricts the channel
edge of the shoal with the trees on Chank Island bearing 271° to a width of less than 0.2 mile.
distant about 2 miles, or farther SE, in a depth of 12m, with the Essar Salaya Bulk Terminal, which handles bauxite, coal,
1.20

trees bearing 293°, distant about 3 miles, where the tidal flow fertilizer, limestone, has a berthing length of 386m and can ac-
is NW on the ebb and SE on flood. Another anchorage lies, in a commodate vessels up to 100,000 dwt, with a maximum draft
depth of about 9m, mud, 2 miles SE of Chank Island. of 17.7m.
During the Southwest Monsoon, large local vessels seek
1.19 A channel marked by lighted buoys has been established
1.20

shelter on the lee side of Chank Island. (2016) for entry into the harbor.
Directions.—Vessels proceeding to anchor on the E side of
1.19 Aspect.—Dhani Bet is a sand and mud flat, fringed with
1.20

Bural Reef and passing N of the reef should keep a good look- mangrove scrub. The island, with the exception of some sand
out for the trees on Nora Island and Chank Island and maintain ridges at its N end, is submerged at HWS. The coral reef sur-
a distance of about 3 miles from these islands. rounding the island extends from 1 mile to 1.5 miles NE from
Caution.—Along the N face of Bural Reef, the rate of tidal
1.19 its NE side and dries 3m.
flow varies between 4 to 6 knots, causing heavy tide rips off the Kalubhar Tapu is similar in composition to Dhani Bet. A low
1.20

NE end. ridge of sand, covered with low scrub, extends along the N side
Between Bural Reef, Chandri Reef, and Paga Reef, the un-
1.19 of the island. Kalubhar Reef, extending about 1.3 miles from
even bottom causes overfalls and tide rips which at springs are its N and SW sides, covers at half tide, and consists of hard
alarming to a stranger. Vudda Kudda Reefs consist of three de- dead coral, with flats of very soft mud in places.
tached drying reefs centered about 4 miles NE of Ajad, with a Kalubhar Tapu Light is shown from a circular stone tower,
1.20

channel between Bural Reef having a least depth of 7.3m in the 14m high, at the W extremity of the island.
fairway. A steep-to submerged rock extends SE from Bural Sykes Point lies at the junction of Salaya Creek and Blunt
1.20

Pub. 173
22 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Channel. A pier extends N from the point; boats and lighters bearing 128°, keeping on this course until the SE beacon of the
can go alongside for 2 hours on either side of HW, after which 302° range bears 114°; then steer for the beacon on that bear-
the reef at the head of the pier dries. ing until Kalubhar Tapu Light bears 114°. Steer for the light on
Wooden pole beacons, 0.6m high, mark the edges of the
1.20 that bearing, passing between Taylor and Hand Shoals, until
reefs on both sides of the channel. They are intended for the the beacons in the S part of the harbor are in range 158°; then
guidance of local craft, and cannot be relied upon as they are steer on this range to the anchorage.
not always standing. Similar beacons mark the entrance and Deep-draft vessels without local knowledge should not pro-
1.20

head of Salaya Creek. ceed S of Nora Rock.

A pair of white stone beacons, 2.4m high, and in line bearing
1.20 Light-draft vessels continue on the 158° range until the bea-
1.20

302°, are situated about 2.5 and 3 miles, respectively, W of Ka- con in the NW part of the harbor are in range 302° astern; the
lubhar Tapu Light. latter range leads to the inner anchorage.
A similar pair of beacons, in line bearing 164° and about
1.20

0.35 mile apart, are situated on the W side of the harbor, about The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South
2 miles SE of the above pair. Coast—Pathfinder Inlet
The town of Salaya (22°19'N., 69°36'E.), at the head of Sa-
1.20

laya Creek, is closely built with small stone houses and sur- 1.21 Pathfinder Inlet (22°28'N., 69°40'E.), between Ka-
rounded by a wall about 12m high. lubhar Reef and Narara Reef, is about 0.2 to 0.3 mile wide,
Pilotage.—The pilot boards approximately 1 mile N of the
1.20 with depths of 24m in the entrance, decreasing to 10m about
entrance to Salaya Channel in position 22°30'19.8'’N, 1.5 miles within the entrance. The entrance is marked by light-
69°31'26.4'’E. For capesize vessels, pilot boards approximately ed beacons on each side. Ambla Hill, 28m high, is conspicuous
2 miles N of the Salaya Channel entrance in position about 5 miles S of the entrance.
22°31.3'N., 69°31.2'E. Tilburn Shoal, with a depth of 7m, lies about 1.5 miles NE of
1.21

Vessel Traffic Service.—Salaya Harbor is covered by the

1.20 the N extremity of Kalubhar Tapu (Kalubhar Island). A de-
Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa- tached reef, which dries 1.2m, lies on the E side of the entrance
tion, see paragraph 1.10. to the inlet.
Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Salaya; the Brief Sys-
1.20 Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, sheltered an-
1.21

tem is used. Further information on these storm signals may be chorage can be found, in a depth of 18m, mud, about 0.8 mile
found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South N of the inlet entrance, under the lee of Kalubhar Tapu. A
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” small vessel, with local knowledge, can anchor, in a depth of
Contact Information.—See the table titled Salaya—tact
1.20 20m, about 1 mile within the entrance. Tidal currents at the lat-
Information. ter anchorage attain a maximum velocity of 3 knots.
Caution.—A wreck lies 7 miles NE of the entrance to Path-
1.21

Salaya—Contact Information finder Inlet.

Bulk Terminal 1.22 Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal (22°31'N., 69°42'E.),
Telephone 91-2833-663-850 (World Port Index No. 48615) consists of three Single Buoy
Mooring (SBM) terminals with discharging facilities plus an Oil
E-mail bhaven.bhatt@essarport.co.in Jetty for crude and product tankers with a Service Pier for barges
Web site http://www.essarports.com and tugs, is situated at about 8 miles NE of Kalubhar Tapu Light.
The terminal functions under the jurisdiction of Kandla Port
Anchorage.—Large vessels can obtain anchorage in Salaya
1.20
Trust.
Harbor, in a depth of about 14.6m, in the outer or inner anchor- Depths—Limitations.—Vadinar port handles crude and
age. The outer anchorage is situated about 0.8 mile NNW of product tankers up to 100,000 dwt, with a maximum draft of
Nora Rock. The inner anchorage is situated about 2 miles S of 14.0m, within the harbor. The offshore terminals can accommo-
Kalubhar Tapu Light. date vessels up to 320,000 dwt, with a maximum loa of 325m loa
Directions.—Deep-draft vessels approaching from NW, af-
1.20
and a maximum draft of draft of 23.0m.
ter passing Chank Island Light, steer for Kalubhar Tapu Light

Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Crude Oil Terminal
Crude. During the monsoon, berth-
ing only allowed during flood tide. If
350,000dwt/
BORL-SPM — 32.0m 350m 23.0m — wind speed exceeds 20 knots, ebb
372,500t
tide berthing is permissible at discre-
tion of V.P. (Projects).

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 23

Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
LPO Vadinar
Crude and crude oil lighterage opera-
tions conducted at LPO Vadinar
LPO STS — — — — — —
during the Southwest Monsoon
(mid-May until mid-October.
Nayara Terminal
100,000dwt/ Clean/dirty products, crude, and bun-
Berth A 300m 20.0m 245m 14.0m —
115,000t kers.
100,000dwt/ Clean/dirty products, crude, and bun-
Berth B 300m 20.0m 245m 14.0m —
115,000t kers.
SPM Berth — 35.0m 350m 22.5m 60.0m 325,000dwt Crude and bunkers.
Offshore Oil Terminal
SBM No 1 — 34.0m 350m 22.0m 56.0m 300,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.
SBM No 2 — 32.0m 362m 22.5m 60.0m 315,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.

Submarine oil pipelines are laid between Narara Bet and the
1.22 It has been reported (2007) that when lighterage operations
1.22

SBMs. Crude oil discharged from the tankers is stored in a tank in the area located 22 miles W of Malabar Point (see paragraph
farm at Vadinar, S of Narara Bet, which is then pumped to a re- 2.30) have been suspended due to the conditions associated
finery 260 miles inland. with the Southwest Monsoon, the lighterage operations take
A conspicuous water tower lies at Vadinar, about 4 miles S
1.22 place about 5 miles WNW of the Vadinar Offshore Oil Termi-
of the root of the pipeline. nal in an area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 22°34.5'N, 69°38.0'E.
Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal—Contact Information b. 22°33.1'N, 69°38.0'E.
c. 22°30.0'N, 69°37.0'E.
Port Authority d. 22°30.0'N, 69°36.0'E.
91-288-241-777 e. 22°33.2'N, 69°36.0'E.
Telephone Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory; pilots board vessels, as
1.22

91-992-515-3618 (mobile)
follows:
Facsimile 91-288-241-779 1. SBM—position 22°33'02.4''N, 69°37'59.4''E.
E-mail votl@essar.com 2. Jetty—position 22°28'33.0''N, 69°39'48.0''E.
Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the har-
1.22

Web site http://www.essar.com bormaster at Kandla and the vessel’s local agent 72 hours, 48
Terminal hours, and 24 hours in advance. When within VHF range, ves-
sels should contact Vadinar Port Control on VHF channel 12 or
91-288-661-385 16 to receive berthing instructions. At least 3 hours prior to ar-
Telephone
91-990-990-8611 (mobile) rival vessels should contact Vadinar Port Control on VHF
channel 12.
Facsimile 91-288-661-366 A listening watch should be maintained on VHF channels
1.22

E-mail votl@essar.com 12, 16, and 67 at all times.

Vessels are berthed during daylight hours only but may un-
1.22

Web site http://www.essar.com berth at any time.

Vadinar Port Control Vessel Traffic Service.—The terminal is covered by the
1.22

Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa-

Call sign Vadinar Port Control
tion, see paragraph 1.10.
VHF VHF channels 12, 16, and 67 Contact Information.—See the table titled Vadinar Off-
1.22

shore Oil Terminal—Contact Information.

Pilots
Directions.—Vessels berth at the SBMs at slack water or
1.22

VHF VHF channel 12 during an ebb tide, approaching from W. Due to the insufficient
Tugs sea room, berthing attempts should not be made from the E.
Approaching from the W vessels bound for the terminal should
VHF VHF channel 12 use the DW route.

Pub. 173
24 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Anchorage.—VLCCs awaiting pilot or berth at the SBMs

1.22 liable to drag in strong winds.
should anchor in position 22°33'N, 69°38'E, in a depth of 33m, Two chimneys, 72m and 70m high, stand in Sikka; two other
1.23

mud with broken shells. It is prohibited to anchor within 2 chimneys, 130m high, stand about 0.6 mile SW of the first two
miles of the SBMs, as charted. chimneys. A tower, 25m high, stands close offshore at Sikka.
Caution.—A dangerous wreck (22°30.2’N, 69°39.8’E), po-
1.22 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots come from Okha
1.23

sition approximate, lies about 1.75 miles E of SBM 3. Reports in a tug, usually boarding ships 2 hours before HW during day-
are often received concerning route buoys that are missing or light hours only. There are no pilots available for the stretch be-
unlit. tween Pirotan Island and the anchorages off Kalvan Light;
however, local guides are provided upon request.
The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch)—South Regulations.—All vessels are to maintain a listening watch
1.23

Coast—Sikka Creek Entrance on VHF channels 11 and 13 during oil-lightering operations

from May to October.
1.23 Sikka Creek (Sikka Kari) (22°29'N., 69°47'E.) is en- Vessel Traffic Service.—Sikka is covered by the Gulf of
1.23

tered between Goos Reef and Narara Reef, about 1.5 miles W. Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
Sikka (22°26'N., 69°50'E.) lies about 5 miles SE of the en- paragraph 1.10.
trance. Anchorage.—Sikka Creek provides sheltered anchorage, in
1.23

Storm signals are shown at Sikka; the Brief System is used.

1.23 a depth of 11m, about 0.5 mile within the entrance, between
Further information on these storm signals may be found in the W end of Goos Reef and Siri Reef.
Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic An outer anchorage, in depths from 14 to 20m, is established
1.23

Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” about 2.5 miles N of Siri Reef for vessels waiting to berth
Goos Reef, a large drying coral reef, has a conspicuous long
1.23 alongside and for berthing at Vadinar Offshore Oil Terminal
sand bank on it which dries before the reef itself. A white con- (paragraph 1.22). Vessels up to 165m long, with a maximum
crete beacon lies on the SW edge of Goos Reef. Narara Reef, a draft of 7.9m, can use this anchorage. The anchorage is ex-
coral reef which covers at 0.8m, fringes Narara Bet, and ex- posed to the Southwest Monsoon; in 1987, it was reported to
tends about 2 miles N and NE of the island. The seaward edges be congested. A dangerous wreck lies in the S part of the an-
of all reefs are generally steep-to; during the Southwest Mon- chorage area.
soon, there are heavy breakers over the off-lying reefs. Directions.—Vessels proceeding to Sikka Creek should not
1.23

Tides—Currents.—Outside the entrance to Sikka Creek,

1.23 proceed into depths of less than 27m until the lighted entrance
the flood current sets E and ebb current sets W, attaining a buoy is sighted. This buoy should be approached in a direction
maximum velocity of about 3.5 knots. Within Sikka Creek and from the W through N to NE until on the entrance range; then
Sikka Channel, the tidal currents generally set in a direction steer on the entrance range, between Siri Reef and Goos Reef,
parallel to the axis of the creek and channel, respectively, at- to the anchorage, taking care to avoid the 3.6m shoal, marked
taining a maximum velocity of about 2 knots. by a buoy, about 0.2 mile E of Siri Reef. Caution should be tak-
The tidal rise at Sikka Creek is 4.8m at MHHWS and 2.6m
1.23 en when entering Sikka Creek during a strong ebb or flood
at MHWN. tide.
Depths—Limitations.—Siri Reef, a drying coral reef, lies
1.23 Caution.—Berthing is permitted only from 2 hours before
1.23

about 0.7 mile SW of Goos Reef and is marked on its E side by until 2 hours after HW. The use of this berth is dangerous
a white beacon. In 1987, it was reported that a beacon lies on during the Southwest Monsoon. The outer buoys are liable to
the W side of Siri Reef, with another beacon on the reef 0.35 drag in rough weather.
mile SW. A small detached drying reef lies about 0.2 mile NW In 1987, it was reported that vessels berth port side-to and
1.23

of Siri Reef. A 3.7m patch lies about 0.2 mile ENE of the SE leave stern first because of insufficient turning room off the
extremity of Siri Reef, in the deep channel between Goos Reef berth. Another berth for discharging ammonia was in operation
and Siri Reef. the same year.
Sikka Channel has a least depth of 8.2m and a general width
1.23

of about 183m. 1.24 Jamnagar Terminal (Reliance Jamnagar Terminal)

Ammonia Discharge Berth, located about 0.5 mile SSW of
1.23 (22°30'N., 69°50'E.), which is part of Sikka, comprises five
the charted Beacon A, consists of a concrete island jetty joined SPMs about 9 miles NNW of Sikka, RPL Jetty, and the four
to the shore ESE by a breakwater. The berth has a length of tanker berths located in the channel between Goos Reef and
220m, with a pair of mooring dolphins at the ends, and has an Munde Reef, about 3.75 miles N of Sikka. SPM-1, SPM-3 and
alongside depth of 11m. A road to the shore runs over the Bharat Oman Refineries Limited (BORL) SPM have racons.
breakwater. The terminal handles crude oil discharging at the SPMs and pe-
A disused jetty is located about 0.5 mile SSE of Ammonia
1.23 troleum products, chemicals, and LPG at RPL Jetty.
Discharge Berth. An overhead rope-way extends ESE form the Winds—Weather.—The terminal is exposed to W winds;
disused jetty to the shore Southwest Monsoon conditions may affect operations from the
Aspect.—The entrance channel, leading between the reefs
1.23 beginning of May until the end of September.
into the anchorage, is marked by range beacons. Tides—Currents.—Currents at the terminal normally do
The channel is marked by IALA Maritime Buoyage System
1.23 not exceed 2 knots but may reach 3 knots under certain condi-
(Region A), and leads from the fairway (red can) buoy moored tions.
1.3 miles NNW of Siri Reef. The channel becomes narrow in- The tidal range at springs is about 6.5m.
ward, with a least depth of 8.2m. It is reported that buoys may Depths—Limitations.—The least depth in the channel to

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 25

RPL Jetty is 13.9m; a minimum underkeel clearance of 1.4m maintained on VHF channels 16 and 71.
must be maintained when transiting the channel; an underkeel Vessels at the SPMs must also maintain a listening watch on
clearance of at least 1.0m is required at the berths. the cargo control room on a frequency assigned by the termi-
Berth information is given in the accompanying table titled nal. This frequency is normally VHF channel 68 or 71.
Jamnagar Terminal—Berth Information. Vessels berthed at tanker berths must maintain a listening
Aspect.—A buoyed channel leads ESE from Fairway Light-
1.24 watch on VHF channels 16 and 71 while berthed at the jetty.
ed Buoy. Range lights, in line bearing 130°, lead between Goos The following restrictions are in effect at the SPMs:
Reef and Munde Reef to RPL Jetty l. 1. Berthing at the SPMs is done during daylight hours
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels using the only.
terminal. Pilots board, as follows: 2. During the monsoon season (May 1 until September
1. Tanker Berths—position 22°32'30''N, 69°45'48''E. 30), berthing will be done on the flood tide during daylight
2. SPMs—position 22°36'00''N, 69°47'00''E. hours only.
3. Jetty and SPMs (during the ebb)—position 3. Berthing is suspended if maximum sustained winds
22°32'12''N, 69°46'15''E. speeds exceed 30 knots or wave heights exceed 1.8m.
4. Crude oil vessels (during the flood)—position 4. Discharging is suspended if maximum sustained
22°38'00''N, 69°52'06''E. winds speeds exceed 35 knots
5. Product vessels (during the flood)—position 5. Vessels unmoor at the discretion of the master/pilot if
22°36'30''N, 69°53'00''E. sustained wind speeds exceed 40 knots of wave heights ex-
6. Bharat Oman Refineries Limited SPM (during he ceed 3m.
flood)—position 22°35'30''N, 69°45'42''E. 6. If wind speed is greater than 20 knots, berthing is un-
Regulations.—Vessels are required to inform the terminal of dertaken when the wind and tide are in the same direction.
their ETA at the pilot boarding position 72 hours in advance by The following restrictions may be in effect at RPL Jetty:
one of the methods listed in the table titled Reliance Jamnagar 1. Partly-loaded vessels arriving for further loading may
Marine Terminal—Contact Information. not have a draft exceed 10m when berthing at Berth A or a
The ETA should be confirmed 48 hours, 24 hours, and 12 draft exceeding 10.5m when berthing at Berth B, Berth C, or
hours prior to arrival. All times are to be given in local time. Berth D.
At least 3 hours prior to arrival, vessels should contact Port 2. Loading/discharging is suspended when sustained
Control on VHF channel 16 or 71. Port Control will assign a wind speeds exceed 35 knots.
working channel for use within the terminal area and will give 3. The maximum sustained wind speeds for berthing are
the vessel berthing instructions. A listening watch should be 27 knots during the day and 20 knots at night.

Jamnagar Terminal—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Shree Digvijay Cement
Cement
152m 9.0m — 4.0m — — Closed. Cement.
Berth
Rozi
Ro-ro/ lo- Coal, urea, petcoke, sulphur, and bauxite.
— — 60m 6.0m — —
lo Jetty Berthing length of 220m (including dolphins).
Reliance Jamnager Marine Terminal (RPL)
Chemicals, clean products, dirty products,
49,999dwt/
Jetty A 30m 13.0m 183m 12.5m 32.2m and LPG. Berthing length of 224m (including
60,784t
dolphins).
56,748 dwt/ Chemicals and clean products. Berthing
Jetty A1 47m 12.0m 183m 11.5m 35.0m
67,127t length of 287m (including dolphins).
Chemicals and clean products. Berthing
Jetty A2 30m — 228m — — —
length of 340m (including dolphins)
74,999 dwt/
Jetty B 30m 14.0m 228m 13.5m 36.0m Aviation fuel, chemicals, and clean products.
78,474t
104,535 dwt/ Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products,
Jetty C 30m 14.0m 243m 13.5m 42.0m
122,919t crude, and LPG.

Pub. 173
26 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Jamnagar Terminal—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
119,456 dwt/ Aviation fuel, clean products, crude, and dirty
Jetty D 30m 15.0m 250m 14.5m 45.0m
141,032t products.
Offshore SPMs
321,300 dwt/
SPM-1 — 32.0m 339m 22.5m 60.0m Crude oil.
364,910t
321,137 dwt/
SPM-2 — 30.0m 336m 22.5m 60.0m Crude oil.
366,546t
321,137 dwt/
SPM-3 — 30.0m 339m 22.5m 60.0m Crude oil.
371,405t
99,995 dwt/
SPM-4 — 27.0m 243m 18.5m 42.0m Clean products and crude.
116,558t
159,204 dwt/
SPM-5 — 25.0m 274m 18.5m 48.0m Clean products and crude.
184,143t
Ship-To-
— 20.0m — — — — Closed (2019).
Ship
GMB (GSFC)
GSFC 32,798 dwt/ Chemicals and LPG. Berthing length of 228m
50m 10.0m 184m 8.0m 28.4m
Jetty 43,868t (including dolphins).

Vessel Traffic Service.—The terminal is covered by the

1.24
Reliance Jamnagar Marine Terminal—Contact
Gulf of Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa- Information
tion, see paragraph 1.10.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Reliance Jam-
1.24
Pilots
nagar Marine Terminal—Contact Information. Facsimile 9-288-661-2699
Anchorage.—The VLCC Anchorage lies between 2 and 6
1.24

miles ENE of SPM-2, as best seen on the chart, in depths of port_operation@ril.com

28.5 to 36.0m. E-mail p_sankaran@ril.com
Anchorage can also be obtained 3 miles W of SPM-1, in a
1.24

sunil_y_pradhan@ril.com
depth of 36m, and in the tanker anchorage off the mouth of
Sikka Creek, about 3 miles SSW of SPM-1; this anchorage was
previously described in paragraph 1.23. Sikka Creek to Bedi
Caution.—The outer buoys of the buoyed channel leading to
1.24

RPL Jetty are liable to drag in bad weather. 1.25 Dera Island, a mangrove islet with a range of low
sandhills, lies about 2.5 miles NE of the N extremity of Goos
Reef. The NW end of this islet is a bluff about 4.6m high. A
Reliance Jamnagar Marine Terminal—Contact
drying reef extends about 1.5 miles W, 0.8 mile N, and 4.5
Information
miles NE from the NW extremity of Dera Island.
Port Authority Pirotan Island (22°36'N., 69°57'E.), about 6.5 miles NE of
1.25

Call sign Reliance Port Control the NW extremity of Dera Island, is a good landmark as the
trees on it are not allowed to be cut down. The island lies about
VHF VHF channels 16 and 71 1 mile from the mainland, to which it is connected by a drying
91-288-351-2600 coral reef.
Pirotan Island Light is shown from a pyramidal concrete
1.25

Telephone 91-288-351-2605 tower, with red bands, on the NW extremity of the island. An-
91-288-351-2635 other light is shown from an iron framework beacon, on a stone
base, on the edge of the reef about 1.5 miles NE of Pirotan Is-
E-mail port_operation.centre@ril.com land Light.
Tugs Jindra Bet (Pirotan Swamp), with its NW extremity about 4
1.25

miles W of Pirotan Island, consists of sand and mud flats, is

Call sign Reliance Port Control fringed by mangroves, and is liable to flood. The N side of the
VHF VHF channel 71 island consists of sand dunes, 1 to 3m high.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 27

Rozi Island, rocky and 11m high, lies about 5 miles SE of

1.25 available. Pilots are available from Pirotan Island Light to Rozi
Pirotan Island. A group of four conspicuous radio towers, hav- Anchorage. The pilot request to be made through PORTAL
ing an elevation of 44m, lies on the E side of Rozi Island, and a BEDI; the pilot boards off Pirotan Island Light.
conspicuous water tower with an elevation of 38m is situated Vessel Traffic Service.—Bedi is covered by the Gulf of
1.26

on the SE side of the island. Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
A radio mast, with an elevation of 76m and marked by an ob-
1.25 paragraph 1.10.
struction light, lies 6.3 miles SE of Rozi Mata Temple. Contact Information.—See the table titled Bedi—Contact
1.26

Information.
Bedi (22°31'N., 70°02'E.)
Bedi—Contact Information
World Port Index No. 48650
Control Room
1.26 Bedi Docks, about 1 mile NW of the village of Bedi, VHF VHF channels 11, 12, 14, and 16
form the port for Jamnagar, about 3.5 miles SE, with which
Radio 4143.6 kHz or 6221.6 kHz
they are connected by a railway. The port is an all-weather
lighterage port open throughout the year. The basin at Bedi Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
Docks dries at half-tide. Cargo is worked at the anchorage.
91-288-271-1806
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at the anchorage is 5.5m
1.26

at springs and 3m at neaps. Telephone 91-288-271-1805

Tidal currents in Bedi Creek have a maximum velocity of 2.5
1.26

91-288-275-5207
knots in spring tides.
Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table ti-
1.26
91-288-271-118
Facsimile
tled Bedi—Berth Information 91-288-271-115
Web site http://www.gmbports.org/bedi-port
Bedi—Berth Information
Berth Length Remarks Anchorage.—Large vessels may anchor, in 14m, mud,
1.26

Bedi Bunder Terminal about 1.5 miles N of Kalvan Island. Smaller vessels can an-
chor, in 5.4m, mud, about 2.5 miles NNE of the N end of Rozi
W2 178m General cargo.
Mata.
W3 84m General cargo. Small craft with local knowledge can anchor, in 5.5m, mud,
1.26

about 0.5 mile NE of Kalvan Island, sheltered from W winds,

W4 142m Salt.
which prevail from February through October.
W5 — — Directions.—Vessels approaching from the W should not al-
1.26

W6 330m General cargo. ter course S until Kalvan Island bears 185°. This will avoid the
reefs and shoals extending offshore between Pirotan Island and
W7 140m Salt. Rozi Island. Vessels entering or leaving the anchorage should
New Bedi Bunder Terminal keep N of Ranson Shoal.
Caution.—A submerged rock lies about 1.8 miles E of
1.26

Dry Cargo Berth 470m Coal. Kalvan Island, a dangerous wreck about 2 miles NNE, and an-
Rozi Port Terminal other wreck 3 miles NE. A wreck with a 10m depth lies about 2
miles ENE of the island; another dangerous wreck lies about 1
General cargo. Maxi- mile NE.
Rozi Pier 400m
mum loa of 67.0m. Ranson Shoal, with a least depth of 1.5m, is located about
1.26

3.3 miles N of the stone pier. Depths of less than 5.5m extend
Aspect.—Rozi Mata Temple (22°33'N., 70°03'E.) lies at
1.26
about 0.7 mile ESE of the least depth.
the N end of Rozi Island. Rozi Mata Light is shown from a
white circular tower, 15m high, on the NW corner of the tem- Bedi to Mungra Reef
ple courtyard. A light is shown from the head of the stone pier,
about 1 mile NNW of the temple. Bedi Bandar Light is shown 1.27 The coast between Rozi Mata Temple (22°33'N.,
from a white metal framework tower lying about 1 mile SSW 70°03'E.) and the village of Sachana, about 7.5 miles E, con-
of Rozi Jetty. sists of sand and mud flats, fringed with mangroves, and inter-
A stone pier, the seaward end of which covers at half tide,
1.26 sected by creeks.
extends about 0.8 mile NNW from the N end of Rozi Island. A small range of rocky mounds, 12 to 15m high, fronts the
1.27

Bedi Creek, providing access to Bedi Docks, is entered W of coast about 3 miles NNE of Sachana. These mounds are isolat-
the stone pier. ed at HWS.
Two radio masts, 36m high, about 3.5 miles S of Rozi Mata,
1.26
At Balachadi (Balachiri), about 2.8 miles NNE of Sachana, a
1.27

and Pratap Clock Tower, about 1.25 miles farther SE, are con- range of hills about 30m high extends SE and terminates rather
spicuous. abruptly about 1.5 miles from the village. A small conical hill,
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory but local guides are
1.26
detached from the mainland and isolated at HW, lies about 0.8

Pub. 173
28 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

mile NNE of Balachadi; Aku Pir (Akria Pir), a Mohammedan trance of Hansthal Creek the velocity is 7 knots at springs and
building, lies on the summit of the hill. 4 knots at neaps.
Balachadi Rocks (Balachiri Rocks) (22°41'N., 70°10'E.),
1.27 Caution.—The head of the Gulf of Kachchh between Jodiya
1.28

which dry, have been reported to give good radar returns at 9 and the entrances of Kandla Creek and Hansthal Creek is en-
miles. cumbered with numerous changing shoals. Local knowledge is
The NW bastion, 24m high, of the fort at Jodiya (22°42'N.,
1.27 necessary while navigating in this part of the gulf.
70°18'E.), and a house close SE, are conspicuous about 7.5
miles NE of Aku Pir and 2.8 miles inland. These objects are 1.29 Nakti Creek (22°56'N., 70°09'E.) has almost entirely
unmistakably identifiable and can be seen 10 to 12 miles in silted up and can now be used only by small local craft at HW
clear weather. proceeding to Tuna Bandar, about 3 miles up the creek on its
About 2 miles NW of the fort a light is shown. A light is
1.27 W side. A jetty, approximately 1.4 miles in length, has been
shown from the N extremity of the quay wall at Jodiya Bandar. constructed leading S from the shore W of the creek. Lighted
Mungra Reef, at the W edge of the drying coastal reef, lies
1.27 buoys have been established in the vicinity.
with its W edge about 6 miles WNW of Jodiya Bandar. About The W entrance point of the creek is very low and is covered
1.29

0.8 mile within the W extremity of Mungra Reef lies a heap of with mangrove bushes which are nearly submerged at HW.
sand and shells. This is the first part of the reef that dries, and Narrow ridges of coarse sand and broken shell, from 0.3 to
the position of the remainder of the reef may be determined 1.2m high, front the rann on the W side of the creek.
from it. Tekra Islet, about 1.3 miles WNW of the W entrance point of
1.29

A light stands on a small detached drying reef close S of the

1.27 the creek, consists of mud covered with mangroves. A similar
W extremity of Mungra Reef. islet lies about 0.5 mile SE of Tekra Islet.
Anchorage.—Balachiri Roads, NW of Aku Pir, may be ap-
1.27 Tekra Light (22°56'N., 70°07'E.) lies about 1.3 miles SW of
1.29

proached with Aku Pir bearing 120°, on which bearing anchor- the W entrance point of Nakti Creek. The light is shown from a
age can be taken, in 5.5 to 9.1m, soft mud, according to a masonry tower, 14m high. Tuna Tekra Dry Cargo Terminal, a
vessel’s draft. The anchorage is protected from NE gales by the T-pier, extends about 1.6 miles SSE from the edge of a man-
reefs N, but local knowledge is necessary for navigating this grove swamp. Anchorage is prohibited in rectangular areas,
part of the gulf. about 1.2 miles W and 5.5 miles S, respectively, of the pier.
Anchorage may be taken, in 5.5m, mud, sheltered from
1.27 Beacon G, painted black, surmounted by a rectangular top-
1.29

strong NE winds, with the fort at Jodiya bearing 109°, and the mark and 13.7m high, lies about 6 miles W of Tekra Light.
beacon off the W end of Mungra Reef bearing 003°, distant 1.5 Beacon I, painted black and surmounted by a ball, lies about
1.29

miles. 3 miles E of Beacon G.

Beacon H, painted red, with a diamond topmark and 15m
1.29

Head of the Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch) high, lies about 2.8 miles NE of Tekra Light.
The channel leading to Tuna Bandar is marked by range bea-
1.29

1.28 Little Rann, which flows into the head of the Gulf of cons.
Kachchh, is dry during the Northeast Monsoon from Novem-
ber to February. It is a great inland sea and quite impassable Kandla (23°02'N., 70°13'E.)
during the Southwest Monsoon, when the sea is driven many
miles E by the wind. World Port Index No. 48630
This vast sheet of water is drained by Nakti Creek, Kandla
1.28

Creek, and Hansthal Creek. These creeks are subject to the reg- 1.30 The port of Kandla (Deendayal), on the W bank of
ular tides. The ebb current in Hansthal Creek, because of the Kandla Creek, about 2.5 miles within its entrance, is a natural-
large shallow area which it covers and uncovers, attains a ve- ly-sheltered harbor in all seasons. The approach to Kandla
locity of 6 to 7 knots at its mouth; the ebb current flows longer leads W of Khara Dhada and Mid Shoals, through Sogal Chan-
than the flood, their durations being about 8 hours and 4 hours, nel, then N through a buoyed channel passing over Kandla Bar
respectively. to the creek.
Between the mouth of Hansthal Creek and the coast on the S
1.28
The Kandla port jurisdiction extends to Kalubhar Tapu
1.30

side of the head of the gulf, there is another rann resembling marking its W limits, which include Pathfinder Inlet, Vadinar
Little Rann. Its W edge is fringed with mangrove bushes; the Offshore Oil Terminal, Rozi Anchorage, and Hansthal Creek.
ordinary HW mark extends from the mouth of Hansthal Creek Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Kandla is 6m at
1.30

toward Jodiya. At HW this area is like a large inland sea of on- MHWS, and 4m at MHWN.
ly about 1m depth; in the Southwest Monsoon it is navigated On Kandla Bar the flood current sets NE with a velocity of 2
1.30

by boats drawing from 0.9 to 1m. to 3 knots at springs tides. The flood tidal currents in Kandla
About 4.5 miles NNE is Jodiya, a rocky islet, covered with
1.28 Creek attain maximum velocities of 3 to 4 knots at spring tides.
bushes, lying about 1 mile E of the ordinary HW mark. Depths—Limitations.—Kandla is a tidal port; entrance and
1.30

Tides—Currents.—In the W approach to Kandla Creek and

1.28 departure depend on the tide. Vessels up to 240m in length can
Hansthal Creek, the tidal currents are very irregular and appear use the port. Vessels with a length of greater than 225.5m are
to be greatly influenced by a strong wind from any quarter. brought directly alongside their berth and are not allowed to
They are strong and gradually increase in velocity to within the anchor. Maximum permissible drafts are issued quarterly by
entrance of Hansthal Creek. At Outer Tuna Fairway Buoy, the the Deputy Conservator.
velocity is 2.5 knots at springs and 1.5 knots at neaps; at the en- Only one vessel with a length of greater than 225.5m can be
1.30

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 29

handled at a time. 1.2m; it consists of ridges and pinnacles of coarse sand, small
Vessels with a sailing draft of 10.5m or more will be berthed
1.30 stones, and broken shells.
starboard side-to on the flood tide to prevent departure delays Mid Shoal, which dries 0.7m, lies 0.3 mile N of the NE ex-
1.30

waiting for the tide change. If the vessel had originally been tremity of Kala Dara Shoal.
berthed port side-to, the vessel should be turned to face the Kandla Bar, at the entrance to Kandla Creek, had a least
1.30

flood during its stay at the berth. depth of 4.3m in 1994. The depth over the bar is subject to con-
A spoil ground, with radius of about 0.5 mile, is centered on
1.30 stant change.
position 22°52.5'N, 70°09.5'E. Flamingo Flat, a drying mud bank, extends about 2 miles S
1.30

Spoil ground areas, each with a radius of 1,000m, have been

1.30 from the SW extremity of Sathsaida Bet.
established in the following positions: The depths over the bar and in Kandla Creek are subject to
1.30

a. 22°50'N, 70°09'E. constant change and the latest information should be obtained
b. 22°51'N, 70°10'E. from the Deputy Conservator, Kandla.
c. 22°54'N, 70°09'E. The nature of the bottom throughout the creek is coarse sand,
1.30

Kala Dara Shoal (Kara Dhada Shoal), in the entrance to

1.30 small stones, and broken shell, except in depths of less than
Kandla Creek, dries 2.7m and consists of hard dry sand. 5.5m near the banks, where the bottom is mud.
Sogal Channel leads towards Kandla Creek between Khen-
1.30 Barry Shoal, on the W side of the harbor and about 0.5 mile
1.30

garji Bet and Kala Dara Shoal. The channel is dredged and N of the cargo quay, is a ridge with depths of 2.7 to 5.5m.
marked by lighted buoys conforming to the IALA Maritime Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
1.30

Buoyage System (Region A); the buoys are moved frequently Kandla—Berth Information.
to meet changes in the channel. Aspect.—Kandla Creek is entered among mangrove bushes,
1.30

Sathsaida Leading Lights lead through Sogal Channel; a sec-

1.30 between Khengarji Bet and Sathsaida Bet, both of which are
ond pair, lying close NNW, leads across the inner bar to Kandla typical rann ground of hard mud flats; it then extends N for
Creek. about 7 miles, where the creek forks. Both sides of the creek
Kapoor Shoal, about 0.8 mile SE of and parallel to Kala Da-
1.30 are protected by steep mangrove-lined banks, which just cover
ra Shoal, has depths of less than 5.5m and a least depth of at HWS.

Kandla—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Tuna Tekra Bulk Terminal
No. 1 300m 16.2m 275m — 40.0m 100,000 dwt
No. 2 300m 16.2m 275m — 40.0m 100,000 dwt Coal, iron ore, and sugar. Continuous
No. 3 300m 16.2m 275m — 40.0m 100,000 dwt berthing length of 600m.
No. 4 300m 16.2m 275m — 40.0m 100,000 dwt
Deendayal International Container Terminal
No. 11 264m 12.5m 270m 12.0m 32.2m 65,000 dwt Containers and reefer. Continuous berthing
length of 1,735m. Depth to be increased to
No. 12 281m 12.5m 270m 12.0m 40.0m 75,000 dwt 13.5m.
Kandla Terminal
No. 1 199m — 240m 9.8m 36.0m 45,000 dwt
No. 2 199m — 240m 9.8m 36.0m 45,000 dwt
No. 3 199m — 240m 9.8m 32.2m 45,000dwt
No. 4 199m — 225m 9.8m 32.2m 75,245 dwt
Grain, sugar, coal, salt, ro-ro, and lo-lo.
No. 5 199m — 240m 9.1m 36.0m 35,000 dwt Continuous berthing length of1,990m.
No. 6 199m — 240m 9.1m 43.0m 35,000 dwt Able to accommodate 10 vessels simulta-
neously.
No. 7 199m — 240m 12.0m 43.0m 55,000 dwt
No. 8 199m — 240m 12.0m 43.0m 55,000 dwt
No. 9 199m — 240m 12.0m 43.0m 55,000 dwt
No. 10 199m — 240m 12.0m 36.0m 55,000 dwt

Pub. 173
30 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Kandla—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
No. 13 300m 14.0m 229m 13.0m 32.2m 81,170 dwt
No. 14 300m — 200m 13.0m 32.2m 75,000 dwt Coal, grain, salt, sugar, and project/heavy
cargo. Continuous berthing length of
No. 15 300m — 229m 13.5m 32.2m 81,170 dwt 1,735m.
No. 16 300m — 200m 13.0m 32.2m 76,939 dwt
Aviation fuel, chemical gases, chemicals,
clean products, condensate, crude, dirty
Oil Jetty
82m 10.6m 213m 10.4m 32.2m 40,000 dwt products, LPG, vegetable oils, and bun-
No. 1
kers. Berthing length of 284m (including
dolphins).
Aviation fuel, chemical gases, chemicals,
Oil Jetty 52,000 dwt/ clean products, condensate, dirty products,
105m 10.2m 213m 10.0m 32.2m
No. 2 58,000t and vegetable oils. Berthing length of
258m (including dolphins).
Aviation fuel, chemical gases, chemicals,
Oil Jetty clean products, condensate, crude, LPG,
86m — 213m 10.7m 40.0m 40,000 dwt
No. 3 and vegetable oils. Berthing length of
235m (including dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, LPG, vegetable
Oil Jetty
110m — 216m 10.7m 38.0m 56,000 dwt oils, and bunkers. Berthing length of 279m
No. 4
(including dolphins).
Oil Jetty Chemical gases, chemicals, clean prod-
No. 5 110m — 216m 10.7m 32.2m 45,000 dwt ucts, vegetable oils, and bunkers. Berthing
(IFFCO) length of 282m (including dolphins).
Aviation fuel, clean products, crude prod-
No. 6
111m — 216m 10.1m 40.0m 45,000 dwt ucts, and bunkers. Berthing length of 242m
(IOC)
(including dolphins).

Navinal Point and Bhadreswar Temple have been previously

1.30 dar tower.
described in paragraph 1.13 and paragraph 1.15, respectively. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory; it is available during
1.30

Tekra Light, along with Beacon G, Beacon H, and Beacon I, daylight hours only for tankers and 24 hours for all other ves-
have been previously described in paragraph 1.29. sels. The pilot boards 2.5 hours before HW, as follows:
Outer Tuna Lighted Buoy (22°51'N., 70°07'E.), painted
1.30 1. About 1.1 miles SSW of Outer Tuna Lighted Buoy.
red, marks the entrance of the channel to Kandla. 2. In the vicinity of Lighted Buoy No. 2 and Lighted
In 1980, less water was reported in the entrance to the chan-
1.30 Buoy No. 3.
nel between Kala Dara and Kapoor Shoals. It is cautioned that Requests for pilots should be sent to the ship’s agent 12
1.30

the buoys and channels are liable to be moved due to frequent hours in advance. Vessels should contact Kandla Tower via
changes in depths. VHF channel 16.
Beacon A, painted black, with a cone topmark and 18m high,
1.30 Vessels awaiting a pilot may anchor WSW of the outer pilot
1.30

lies about 0.8 mile WNW of the W entrance point of Kandla boarding station, in depths of 10 to 20m, mud and sand; the
Creek. holding ground is reported to be good but a large swell can be
Beacon B, painted black, with a ball topmark and 12m high,
1.30 experienced during the Southwest Monsoon. A Waiting Area
is situated on Sathsaida Bet, about 1.8 miles ENE of Beacon A. (22°52'18.0''N., 70°07'52.2”'E.) lies NE of Outer Tuna Lighted
Beacon C and Beacon E, situated about 1.8 and 3.3 miles, re- Buoy.
spectively, SE of Beacon B, are similar to Beacon B, except Vessels with a draft greater than 10.5m or a length greater
1.30

they are surmounted by an inverted cone and a rectangle, re- than 200m will not receive pilotage at night. Ammonia vessels
spectively, and Beacon E is 9m high. and LPG vessels will be handled during daylight hours only.
A black masonry radar tower, 29m high, lies close N of the
1.30 Regulations.—Vessels berth at HW only. Tankers or vessels
1.30

cargo quay. A water tower, 24m high, lies about 0.5 mile S of with an overall length exceeding 189m, with a draft of more
the radar tower. than 8.2m, or with a speed capability of less than 9 knots, may
Two framework water towers, each 26m high, are situated
1.30 not enter or leave the port during darkness nor may ships at
about 0.6 mile WNW and 1.4 miles N, respectively, of the ra- moorings be berthed or unberthed except in daylight.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 31

It was reported (1993) that berthing is restricted to daylight

1.30 Signals.—The port signal station is situated near the radar
1.30

hours only due to the small number of pilots available and the tower. The port is also equipped with VHF.
poor condition of the lighting on the jetty. The movement of Storm signals are displayed; the General System is used.
1.30

tankers is also restricted to daylight transit of Sogal Channel. Further information on these storm signals may be found in
It has been reported (2007) that tank vessels 20 years old and
1.30 Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic
older are not permitted in the port. Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Vessels should arrive with a minimum of 14 mooring lines,
1.30 Signals used in the port are given in the Kandla Port Rules
1.30

seven forward and seven aft. It is requested that four to six of issued by the port administration.
these lines should be completely made of soft rope. The rest A black ball displayed at the masthead of the signal station
1.30

can be wire rope with soft rope ends. indicates a vessel is about to enter or leave the harbor.
Kandla lies in a controlled area where special security regu-
1.30 In the event of an outbreak of fire in the port area or on a ship
1.30

lations are in force; photography of shore installations is for- alongside a berth, a blue square flag by day and two green
bidden. lights shown vertically by night will be displayed from the
Vessel Traffic Service.—Kandla is covered by the Gulf of
1.30 yardarm of the signal mast. In addition, eight short blasts fol-
Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see lowed by one long blast will be sounded on the port siren and
paragraph 1.10. repeated at short intervals.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Kandla—Con-
1.30 Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be taken, in 8.2m, coarse
1.30

tact Information. sand, small stones, and broken shell, about 0.4 mile NE of the
oil pier in the N part of the harbor.
Kandla—Contact Information Vessels liable to quarantine regulations will remain in the
1.30

quarantine anchorage, about 1 mile S of Outer Tuna Lighted

Port Authority Buoy until pratique is granted. Vessels suspected of having mi-
Telephone 91-2836-238-055 nor infectious diseases on board may be brought into the har-
bor and anchored or berthed in a suitable quarantine area.
Facsimile 91-2836-239-055
Caution.—Lesser depths than charted have been reported
1.30

E-mail bdc@kandlaport.gov.in (2013) in Kandla Creek.

Web site http://www.kandlaport.gov.in The channels in the approaches to Kandla are subject to fre-
1.30

quent change and the buoys, beacons, lights, and other aids to
Port Control navigation are adjusted accordingly. Some of the beacons and
Call sign Kandla Tower lights are reportedly used by pilots to indicate maneuvering
points, harbor features, or channel limits.
VHF VHF channels 8 and 16 Some aids to navigation are reported to be unreliable and
1.30

Harbormaster may be missing, unlit, or out of position, particularly during

and immediately after the monsoon. Mariners are advised to
Telephone 91-2836-270-201 navigate with caution and consult the local authorities for latest
Facsimile 91-2836-270-624 information.
In the first quarter of 2016, there have been seven reported
1.30

E-mail harbourmaster@kandlaport.gov.in incidents of low-level thefts by groups of armed robbers target-

Kandla International Container Terminal ing anchored vessels in Kandla. Mariners are advised to keep a
sharp lookout.
91-2836-227-779 A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies about 1 mile
1.30

Telephone 91-2836-227-010 SW of Outer Tuna Lighted Buoy. A dangerous wreck, best

seen on the chart, lies about 1 mile SSE of Outer Tuna Lighted
91-2836-225-554
Buoy. A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 12 miles
Facsimile 91-2836-236-040 SW of Outer Tuna Lighted Buoy.
E-mail kict@ict.in
1.31 Navlakhi (22°57'N., 70°27'E.) (World Port Index No.
Web site http://www.ict.in/kict/index.html 48635) is an all-weather lighterage port, with cargo worked at
Tugs anchorage by self-propelled barges. The largest vessel accom-
modated was 24,364 dwt.
VHF VHF channel 10 Navlakhi is approached through Hansthal Creek, which is
Pilots about 4 miles in length to Sui Creek, with the port limit begin-
ning at inbound Buoy No. 5. The width of the entrance to
91-2836-231-310 Hansthal Creek has doubled by erosion in the last 50 years, and
91-2836-235-653 is now about 2 miles wide between Sathsaida Bet and the S
Telephone coast. The S side of the approach is formed by a coast fringed
91-2836-238-154 with ridges of coarse sand and broken shell, 0.3 to 0.9m high.
91-2836-221-478 Tides—Currents.—The flood and ebb currents in Hansthal
1.31

E-mail harbourmaster@kandlaport.gov.in Creek attain a velocity of 5 knots in the channel between the
mangrove bushes; during freshets, the velocity may sometimes

Pub. 173
32 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

increase to 7 knots. Additional anchorage can be found in vicinity of Buoy No. 5

1.31

The tidal rise at Navlakhi is 6.4m at MHWS and 4.1m at

1.31 in Hansthal Creek in depths of 10 to 12m. The holding ground
MHWN. in Hansthal Creek is not good, as rock lies a little way beneath
Depths—Limitations.—Hansthal Creek lies between Ka-
1.31 the mud and the strong tidal currents cause a vessel to drag an-
poor Shoal and Singari Shoal to the N, and Baptista Shoals to chor easily.
the S. Kapoor Shoal was previously described in paragraph
1.30 with Kandla. Singari Shoal, with depths of less than 5m, Navlakhi—Contact Information
extends up to 1.5 miles off the S side of Flamingo Flat. Baptis-
ta Shoals, similar in composition to Kapoor Shoal, but with Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
drying to less than 1m at MLLW, lies about 0.8 mile SE of the VHF VHF channel 16
E end of Kapoor Shoal.
Telephone 91-2822-220-435
Depths within Hansthal Creek vary significantly and buoys
1.31

are moved frequently to reflect these changes. Facsimile 91-2822-232-470

Navlakhi Bet lies on the N side of Sui Creek, at its junction
Web site https://www.gmbports.org/navlakhi-port
1.31

with Hansthal Creek, about 4 miles NE of the entrance to the

latter creek. Berthing details are shown in the table titled Nav-
lakhi Port—Berth Information. Caution.—A dangerous wreck, visible, with a depth of less
1.31

Aspect.—Murga Bet (Murga Island), consisting of several

1.31
than 2.5m, lies in the vicinity of position 22°57'N, 70°24'E.
islets covered with mangroves, lies NE of Hansthal Creek A drying height of 0.3m exists in position 22°57'51.0''N,
1.31

about 0.8 mile NW of Navlakhi Bet. 70°24'35.4''E.

Beacon F, painted black, with a ball topmark and 12m high,
1.31
Local knowledge is necessary for navigating Hansthal Creek
1.31

is situated near the SE extremity of Sathsaida Bet. and its approaches.

Beacon D, painted black, with a diamond topmark and 12m
1.31

high, lies about 3 miles W of Beacon F at the S extremity of The Gulf of Kachchh (Gulf of Kutch) to Porban-
Sathsaida Bet. dar
Numerous beacons mark the NW and N edge of mangroves
1.31

for the entrance into Sui Creek from the NW. 1.32 The coast of Kathiawar from Humani Point, the S en-
Navlakhi Light, with a racon, is shown from a conspicuous
1.31
trance point of the Gulf of Kachchh, to Kachchigadh, about
concrete tower, 30m high, on the NW extremity of Navlakhi 11.5 miles SW, is composed of low sand hills. Between Kachi-
Bet. gadh and Dwarka Point, about 5.5 miles S, the coast is cliffy to
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory. Local pilots can be
1.31
Madhi, about 12 miles farther SE, the coast is again composed
provided by the Port Authority for all vessels during daylight of low sand hills. The above coast forms the W side of a very
hours only. The pilot will board in position 22°44.1'N, low peninsula. At HWS tides and during the Southwest Mon-
70°05.0'E and arrival here should be 3 hours prior to HW. soon, this peninsula is separated from the mainland by Okha
Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be provided 24
1.31
Rann, which extends from Madhi in a NNE direction for about
hours in advance. 12 miles to Pindara Bay.
Vessel Traffic Service.—Navlakhi is covered by the Gulf of
1.31
A light, with a racon, is shown from a white round concrete
1.32

Kachchh Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see tower with red bands at Kachchigadh.
paragraph 1.10. A 30m sand hill with bushes on it lies about 2 miles N of
1.32

Contact Information.—See the table titled Navlakhi—

1.31
Kachigadh.
Contact Information. Varwala, about 2.5 miles SSE of Kachigadh and 1 mile in-
1.32

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained about 2.3 miles

1.31
land, is a large walled town. A square tower in the town is con-
WSW from Navlakhi Light, in depths of 9 to 12.5m. Only two spicuous and visible several miles to seaward.
vessels at a time can be worked at the anchorage.

Navlakhi Port—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Navlakhi Terminal
North Wharf 92m — 70m — 13.4m 2,212 dwt Coal, breakbulk, and bunkers.
Coal, salt, breakbulk, and bun-
GMB Jetty 163m 4.5m 93m 3.4m 18.0m 4,409 dwt
kers.
Navlakhi STS — — — — — — Coal.
United Shippers
102m — 72m — 12.5m 1,980 dwt Coal, breakbulk, and bunkers.
(USL) Jetty

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 33

Dwarka Point (22°14'N., 68°57'E.) is the W extremity of

1.32 lage with a fort, lies on the E bank of the creek. On the W side
the promontory on which the town of Dwarka is situated. A of the creek, abreast the village, is a pagoda or temple on a hill
light is shown from a white square stone tower, 37m high, on about 56m high. Meda Creek has been reported to give good
the point. Three chimneys, the tallest being 70m high, are con- radar returns at 15 miles.
spicuous near the point. The coast between Meda Creek and Porbandar, about 16
1.33

Caution.—A dangerous wreck has been reported (2007) to

1.32 miles SE, is low but rises gradually NW.
lie 5.5 miles offshore about 6 miles SW of the light. Another Caution.—A lighted SPM, connected to the shore by a sub-
1.33

dangerous wreck lies 4.5 miles offshore about 8 miles S of the merged pipeline, has been established in position 21°55.9'N,
light. An additional wreck lies 14 miles S of Dwarka Point. 69°09.9'E. A restricted area surrounds both the SPM and pipe-
Another wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 14.5 miles SSE of line.
Dwarka Point in position 22°01.1'N, 69°01.3'E.
Porbandar (21°38'N., 69°36'E.)
1.33 Dwarka Temple (Jagat Mandir), a stone structure,
51m high, carved with figures from base to summit, lies within World Port Index No. 48680
Dwarka Fort on high ground close to the sea. In clear weather
this temple is conspicuous and can be seen from 17 to 18 miles. 1.34 Porbandar is the largest town on the coast of Kathi-
A column lies close to the edge of the cliff a short distance W awar. The principal imports are low ash coke, fertilizers, and
of the temple. scrap; exports include bauxite, cement, sesame seeds, abrasive
Rupen Bandar, the port for Dwarka, is shallow and obstruct-
1.33 cotton bales, mineral extracts, and reefer cargo.
ed by rocks at its entrance, about 1 mile N of Dwarka. The Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents are not perceptible in the
1.34

cliffs between Rupen Bandar and Dwarka are about 12m high offing; however, the ebb current runs very strongly in the creek
and covered with cactus bushes. and continues for some time after LW.
Tidal currents abreast Rupen Bandar set N with the flood, at
1.33 Depths—Limitations.—The indentation of the creek is
1.34

a velocity of more than 2 knots, and SSE with the ebb, at about shallow as the coastal bank, with depths of less than 5.5m, ex-
the same velocity. Farther N, the tidal currents are stronger. tends about 0.8 mile offshore.
Anchorage for large vessels can be taken, in 20 to 22m, sand,
1.33 An S-shaped breakwater, 2,650m in length, extends S from
1.34

with Dwarka Temple bearing 069°, distant 1.5 miles. The bot- the point on which lies Kadar Pir and provides shelter for a port
tom is rocky in the approach to the Gulf of Kachchh; several which is in operation throughout the year. A naval jetty is lo-
vessels have lost their anchors. cated near the head of the breakwater.
Madhi, about 12 miles SE of Dwarka, is a village with a
1.33 A light is situated at the head of the breakwater.
1.34

small dark temple and an old tower lying on elevated rocky Berthing details are shown in the table titled Porbandar—
1.34

land near the coast. About 4.8 miles NW of Madhi, a fresh-wa- Berth Information.
ter current flows into the sea during the rainy season. There are There is an anchorage area E of the breakwater that is used
1.34

many such streams along the Kathiawar coast, which cause for lighterage operations.
breaks in the coral reef that fringes the coast, furnishing good Aspect.—The Barda Hills (Barda Range) (21°48'N.,
1.34

landing places where small boats can lie aground in the mud. 69°44'E.) are conspicuous and make a good landfall; in clear
The coast between Madhi and Meda Creek, about 22 miles
1.33 weather they are visible from 25 or 30 miles.
SE, consists of a high sandy ridge, with dispersed gaps. The Porbandar lies on the E side of the entrance to a narrow
1.34

only conspicuous objects on this coast are two small conical creek, which flows out between the town and a point on which
hills about 3 miles SE of Madhi. A prominent radio mast, lies Kadar Pir, a conspicuous mosque with an elevation of 8m.
marked by a red obstruction light, is situated 4.5 miles SE of A conspicuous pillar is situated on the coast 0.5 mile NW of
Madhi. the mosque.
Meda Creek, the estuary of a river, dries. Miyani, a small vil-
1.33

Porbandar—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam
SCL Terminal
Captive Jetty
150m 8.5m 199.99m 9.8m 32.0m Cement, clinker, and breakbulk.
(SCL)
GMB Terminal
Bauxite, coal, limestone, salt, and offshore ves-
Finger Jetty 104m — — — —
sels. Lighterage operation.
LPG, bauxite, coal, limestone, salt, breakbulk, and
GMB Jetty 235m 8.5m 200m 9.8m 32.0m
bunkers.

Pub. 173
34 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

Porbandar Light, 41m in height with racon, is shown from a

1.34

tall round stone tower with black horizontal bands lying on the
coast in front of the town.
Conspicuous chimneys are situated 1 mile N and 0.5 mile
1.34

ESE of New Hazur Palace. In addition, the towers of the water

works, 1.5 miles N of the palace, are prominent.
The Rajah’s old palace, a white square building with a red
1.34

roof, lies 0.5 mile ESE of New Hazur Palace.

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is available during
1.34

daylight hours only. The harbormaster acts as a pilot and

boards 0.4 mile SW of the breakwater. Vessels awaiting a pilot
at the mooring buoy should have one anchor chain ready before
the pilot boards.
Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 5
1.34

days, 3 days, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance.

It has been reported (2013) vessels are prohibited from an-
1.34

choring in the outer anchorage area during the monsoon season

or during rough weather. Vessels approaching Porbandar
during these times are to remain 5 miles SW of the breakwater,
then contact their agent to be registered for berthing. Vessels
are not to approach the anchorage area or harbor until after per-
mission is received from the port authority.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Porbandar—
1.34

Contact Information.

Porbandar—Contact Information
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
VHF VHF channel 16
91-286-224-2408
Telephone
91-286-224-2438
Facsimile 91-286-224-4013 Courtesy of Michal Marciniak
Veraval Light
E-mail popbr1@rediffmail.com
Web site http://www.gmbports.org/porbandar-port Navibandar (21°27'N., 69°47'E.) is a walled town close to
1.35

the coast. A light is shown from the sea face wall of the center
bastion at Navibandar from September to June. The Bhadar
Anchorage.—The outer anchorage is 2.2 miles SSW of Por-
1.34

River enters the sea about 0.8 mile NW of the town; its en-
bandar Light, with a depth of 17m. Small vessels can anchor trance is shallow and rocky.
closer inshore according to draft. An examination anchorage Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be taken, in 9.1m, off the
1.35

lies centered about 1.5 miles WNW of the head of the break- entrance of the Bhadar River, with the light structure at
water. Navibandar bearing 099°.
Caution.—Loaded vessels are only allowed to berth or de-
1.34

Gorakhanath (21°32'N., 70°32'E.), 1,116m high, lies about

1.35

part during HW in daylight with a minimum tide height of 53 miles NNW of Diu Head and about 35 miles inland. The
1.8m. No lighterage work is performed during the summer mountain is an enormous granite rock, conical, isolated, and
monsoon period identified as May 15 to September 14. During bare, upon which there are numerous temples and monasteries.
the Southwest Monsoon, a 0.6m swell is generated within the In clear weather, it is prominent from Porbandar to abreast Diu
breakwater; heavy fore and aft springs are essential for ships Head, but farther NW it is obscured by the Barda Hills.
berthed alongside. A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, Madhavpur, about 15 miles SE of Navibandar, is a small
1.35

lies 18 miles E of Porbandar in position 21°36'N, 69°16'E. walled town on the coast. The town of Mangrol, about 12 miles
farther SE and 1 mile inland, has a high tower which is con-
Porbandar to Veraval spicuous from 10 or 12 miles. Mangrol Light is shown from a
square house at Mangrol Bandar. There is a pier, 122m long, on
1.35 The coast between Porbandar and Navibandar, about the coast SW of Mangrol.
15 miles SE, consists of sandhills with clumps of trees near the The Megal River, about 11 miles SE of Mangrol, flows into
1.35

villages. Inland there is an extensive swamp, which is flooded the sea during the Southwest Monsoon, but, like most rivers on
during the rainy season. At Tukda, about 10 miles SE of Por- this coast, its mouth is generally choked with sand.
bandar, there is a conspicuous temple.

Pub. 173
 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head 35

Veraval (20°54'N., 70°22'E.) Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained, in depths of

1.36

about 16m, sand, with Bhirbhanjan Beacon Light structure

World Port Index No. 48690 bearing 054° at a distance of about 0.9 mile.
In fine weather anchorage can be obtained farther inshore, in
1.36

1.36 The town of Veraval shows up well from seaward, as about 11m, coral rock, with Bhirbhanjan Beacon Light struc-
many of the houses rise up abruptly from the surrounding ture bearing 058°, at a distance of about 0.7 mile.
countryside. Somnath, a town of about the same size as Ver-
aval, is situated on the coast about 1.8 miles ESE of Veraval. Veraval—Contact Information
Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents are not perceptible in the
1.36

roadstead, but there is sometimes a surface drift of about 0.5 Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
knot, depending on the wind. The tidal range at springs is about VHF VHF channels 11, 12, 14, and 16
1.6m and at neaps 0.7m.
Telephone 91-2876-220-001
Depths—Limitations.—Veraval is an open roadstead where
1.36

vessels load and discharge by lighters working to quays in the Facsimile 91-2876-243-138
inner harbor. The inner harbor, close SE of the customhouse, is Web site https://www.gmbport.org/veraval-port
sheltered by a 2 breakwaters; one extending SE from the coast,
and one extending WSW from the coast on the E side of the in-
ner harbor. The port is closed to shipping from May 15 to Sep- The table titled Veraval Working Anchorages lists the des-
1.36

tember 15. ignated anchorages available for vessels working cargo. Note
A shoal, with a least depth of 10m, lies about 1 mile SSE of
1.36
that only three vessels can be worked at a time.
the breakwater head.
A dangerous wreck, marked by a white can buoy, lies about
1.36
Veraval Working Anchorages
0.2 mile ESE from the breakwater head. Maximum
A detached rocky shoal, with a least depth of 4.6m, lies Designation Position Depth
1.36
Draft
about 0.2 mile SE of the breakwater head.
There are depths of 3 to 4m in the inner harbor. There are 20°53.45'N,
1.36
A 11.5m 8.7m
two basins in the inner harbor; two of the quays have depths of 70°22.67'E
4m alongside. The channels leading to the quays are main- 20°53.33'N,
tained by dredging. B 12.0m 9.2m
70°22.33'E
Aspect.—The customhouse, a large white building facing
1.36

the sea, is the most conspicuous landmark. 20°53.05'N,

C 12.8m 10.0m
A chimney, 51m high, is conspicuous about 1 mile NW of
1.36
70°22.55'E
the customhouse. 20°53.23'N,
Veraval Light (20°54'N., 70°21'E.), with a racon, is shown D 11.0m 8.2m
1.36
70°22.80'E
from a white masonry tower, 33m high, with black bands, situat-
ed near the coast about 1 mile WNW of the custom house. 20°55.27'N
E 13.0m 10.2m
Deni Barra, a cliffy point, 9m high, with a temple, 7m high,
1.36
70°22.55'E,
is conspicuous about 0.5 mile NW of Veraval Light.
Bhirbhanjan Temple is conspicuous about 0.8 mile E of the
1.36 Veraval to Diu Head
custom house. Lighted Beacon A is shown from a white square
masonry structure, 6m high, close SW. 1.37 The coast between Sutrapara, about 7.5 miles ESE of
Somnath, about 1.8 miles ESE of Veraval, is surrounded by a
1.36
Veraval, and Mul Dwarka, about 11 miles farther ESE, is low
wall of dark-colored stone. A conspicuous temple, 56m high, and sandy with patches of cliffs at intervals.
lies on the seaward side of the town. Mul Dwarka (Muldwarka) (20°45'N., 70°40'E.) lies below a
1.37

Two buoys, both of which are removed when the port is

1.36
small bluff point with a temple on its summit, which has an el-
closed, mark the entrance to the inner harbor. evation of 24m. The point can be identified by the white sand
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory. Local knowledge is
1.36 on the top of the cliffs and the dark building of the temple.
required for entry inside the breakwaters. The port consists of a private cement terminal used mainly
1.37

Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 5

1.36
for coal, clinker, and gypsum. Berthing details are shown in the
days, 3 days, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance. table titled Mul Dwarka—Berth Information.
Signals.—There is a signal station at Veraval which vessels
1.36
Pilotage is compulsory; the pilot boards about 2 miles SSW
1.37

may communicate with by the International Code or Morse of the temple.

Code.
Storm signals are displayed from the mast above the custom-
1.36
Pilot Contact Information
house; the General System is used. Further information on
VHF VHF channel 15
these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Direc-
tions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean Telephone 91-989-850-6015
under “India—Signals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Veraval Con-
1.36
Vessels should send their ETA 72 hours in advance to the
1.37

tact Information. Port Captain (telephone: 91-279-850-6018), including the fol-

Pub. 173
36 Sector 1. Pakistan and the West Coast of India—Ras Muari to Diu Head

lowing information: visible among the trees.

1. Name, IMO number, call sign, and flag. The coast between Mul Dwarka and Diu Head (20°41'N.,
1.38

2. Gross tons, nrt, dwt, loa, beam, arrival draft, and free- 70°50'E.), about 10 miles ESE, consists of rocky points with
board. sandy bays between and some cliffs 9m to 12m high. A sub-
3. Last port of call and port clearance number. merged rock, with depth of 2m or less, lies about 2.5 miles W
4. Port health details. of Diu Head Light.
5. P and I Club/H and M Policy details and contact de- Chara is a village near the coast, about 3 miles ESE of Mul
1.38

tails of representative. Dwarka. The coast is more densely wooded here and the trees
6. Cargo details (including cranes, hatches, etc.). are larger than elsewhere on the coast. A white tomb lies close
7. ISPS information, including last ten ports of call. to the coast about 0.8 mile W of Chara.
8. Crew list. Tides—Currents.—Between Sutrapara and Diu Head, the
1.38

9. Validity of certificates. ebb current sets WNW and the flood ESE at a velocity of 1 to
10. Any restrictions, obstructions, or other areas of con- 1.5 knots, but they are subject to irregularities. In December
cern. and January, with the current setting up the coast, the W tidal
Vessels can anchor about 2 miles S of the temple, while pi-
1.37 current is increased, while the E tidal current is weakened and
lots board about 1.8 miles S. may at times be imperceptible.
Caution.—The coast between Mul Dwarka and Diu Head is
1.38

1.38 The Somat River flows into the sea about 1.5 miles W fronted by a rocky shoal lying about 1.5 miles offshore, with a
of Mul Dwarka; the Singwada River empties about 0.5 mile E least depth of 3m. A vessel should not approach it to a depth of
of the point. The latter river has very little water in it except less than 24m. Dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 45
during the rains. miles WSW and 10 miles S of Diu Head.
Kodinar, a town about 3 miles NE of Mul Dwarka, is just
1.38

Mul Dwarka—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Ambuja Cement Terminal
No 01 100m 5.0m 120m 4.5m 32.0m 38,000 dwt Cement, coal, and bunkers. Continu-
No 02 100m 5.0m 120m 4.5m — 38,000 dwt ous berthing length of 190m.
No 03 96m 9.5m 200m 8.5m 32.0m — Cement, clinker, coal, gypsum, and
bunkers. Continuous berthing length
No 04 200m 10.5m 200m 9.5m 32.0m — of 296m.

Pub. 173
 37
2. cluding the Gulf of Cambay and Mumbai (Bombay)
Sector 2—India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama, in-

2.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 2 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 39

SECTOR 2

INDIA—WEST COAST—DIU HEAD TO CAPE RAMA, INCLUDING THE GULF OF CAMBAY

AND MUMBAI (BOMBAY)

Plan.—This sector describes the W coast of India between

2.0 2.2The Gir Hills, about 25 miles N of Diu Head, extend about
Diu Head and Cape Rama, including the Gulf of Cambay. The 40 miles in an E-W direction and attain an elevation of about
sector includes the port of Mumbai (Bombay), the largest sea- 640m, but cannot be seen from any great distance from the SW.
port on the W coast of India. The arrangement of the sector is Nandivela, 529m high, the SE peak of the range, lies about 27
from N to S. miles NE of Diu Head and is conspicuous from the S.
2.2Madhwad Bay (Mandwa Bay) (20°42'N., 70°56'E.) lies be-
General Remarks tween the E extremity of Diu Head and Nagwa Point, the SW
extremity of Diu Island, about 3.5 miles E. The bay affords
2.1 An extensive offshore area, bounded approximately shelter from NW winds, and the holding ground is good, but
by the parallels of 18°00'N and 19°50'N, and the meridians of there is frequently a swell setting into it. The anchorage should
71°00'E and 72°40'E, is being developed for oil production. not be used with S or E winds.
Numerous oil derricks, oil production platforms, single point 2.2The coast at the head of the bay between Diu Head and
moorings, etc., obstruct navigation within the area. Other unlit Brancawaa Creek, about 2.3 miles ENE, consists of low sand
objects, pipelines, submerged obstructions, and well heads, hills backed by marshy land, which is partly submerged at HW
sometimes marked by buoys, exist in this area; these features springs. Between Brancawaa Creek and Nagwa Point, the coast
are not all charted due to their complexity and frequent change. consists of sand dunes which extend inland to a thick unbroken
Recommended routes have been established by Indian au-
2.1 belt of palm trees.
thorities to aid traffic transiting the area, as well as vessels 2.2Madhwad Creek, which dries, is entered about 0.9 mile
bound to or from the port of Mumbai (Bombay). The Indian NNW of the E extremity of Diu Head.
government requests that vessels remain 1 to 2 miles to star- 2.2Nagwa Point (20°42'N., 70°54'E.) is a dark bluff, with cliffs
board of the tracklines shown on the chart, consistent with safe 9 to 12m high, rising to a 20m summit marked by a bush. Shoal
navigation, and the International Regulations for Preventing water, over which the sea breaks occasionally, extends about
Collisions at Sea, 1972 (72 COLREGS). 0.3 mile WSW from Nagwa Point.
The extent of the development area and the recommended
2.1 2.2A conspicuous temple lies on the E entrance point of Bran-
routes are best seen on the appropriate chart. cawaa Creek. Another prominent temple is situated about 0.5
mile farther NE.
Diu Head to Diu Harbor 2.2Caution.—Rocky Shoal, with a least depth of 1.4m, lies in
the middle of the entrance of the bay. The E end of this steep-to
2.2 Diu Head (20°41'N., 70°50'E.), a rocky bluff about shoal, over which the sea occasionally breaks, lies about 1.3
30m high, can be identified by the lighthouse, two long build- miles WSW of Nagwa Point.
ings, and a small temple lying near its summit. From this sum-
mit the land slopes gradually E, terminating in a rocky point, 2.3 Madhwad Bainsla, a rock 2m high, lies about 0.2 mile
on which there is a cairn, 8m high. E of the E extremity of Diu Head. Foul ground, over which the
sea breaks heavily, extends about 0.1 mile N and 0.3 mile E
from this rock. At springs, strong tide rips and overfalls occur
E of Madhwad Bainsla.
2.3Kachbi Reef, which dries from 0.6 to 0.9m, lies about 0.5
mile E of the SW entrance point of Brancawaa Creek.
2.3Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken on either side of
Rocky Shoal. At the anchorage E of this shoal, vessels usually
lie across the wind and tide when the ebb current sets out of
Brancawaa Creek. There are depths of 10 to 12m, sand and
mud, at this anchorage.
2.3Moderate-sized vessels can anchor, in 8m, sand and mud,
about 1 mile ENE of the E extremity of Diu Head, and about
0.6 mile offshore.
2.3Vessels are not advised to anchor midway between
Madhwad Bainsla and the W end of Rocky Shoal because of
the strong tidal currents and the exposed position.
2.3Small craft can anchor, in 7m, between Nagwa Point and
Kachbi Reef, sheltered from E winds and out of the influence
of the tidal currents. Dhows, usually without lights, may be
Diu Head Light

Pub. 173
40 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

found here at night, as it is a favorite anchorage for sailing craft The safest and best anchorage, in 14 to 16m, mud, lies with
2.4

waiting for the flood current to proceed up the Gulf of Cambay. the light structure near the center of Forte do Diu bearing 315°,
2.3Directions.—Vessels intending to anchor E of Rocky Shoal distant 0.5 to 0.6 mile. This anchorage is used by local vessels
should approach with the conspicuous temple on the E en- and affords protection from W winds.
trance of Brancawaa Creek bearing 322°, and anchor when the There is anchorage, in 5 to 7m, about 1 mile E of Gogola. To
2.4

S extremity of Nagwa Point bears 077°, distant 0.9 mile, in reach it, vessels should steer for the temple N of Gogola, bear-
11m, sand and mud. ing 298°, passing between the dangers ENE of Forte do Diu,
2.3Vessels approaching from the E and intending to anchor NW and anchoring when Couraca Light bears 240°.
of Rocky Shoal should steer with Madhwad Bainsla, or the E
extremity of Diu Head, bearing more than 283°, and open well Diu—Contact Information
N of the light structure on Diu Head. This course leads S of the
S extremity of Rocky Shoal. Course should be altered N for the Port Control
anchorage about 1 mile ENE of the E extremity of Diu Head, Call sign Port Control
when the E of two distant sharp peaks bears 005°. Steer for this
VHF VHF channels 16 and 71
peak on this bearing, taking care to avoid a 4.9m patch about
0.5 mile NW of Rocky Shoal. Vessels can anchor when the 91-2875-252-263
cliffs on the S side of the entrance of Madhwad Creek bear Telephone
91-9824-458-309 (mobile)
270°, with the S entrance point of the creek about 1.25 miles.
2.3When approaching this latter anchorage it should be remem- Facsimile 91-2875-252-263
bered that the flood current sets strongly toward Rocky Shoal portofficer.diu-dd@nic.in
and the ebb current toward Madhwad Bainsla. E-mail
portprem58@yahoo.com
2.4 Diu Harbor (20°43'N 71°00'E), between the E end of Web site http://www.diu.gov.in/port.html
Diu Island and the mainland N, is open E and somewhat en-
cumbered by shoals.
Caution.—A rock, with a depth of 1.3m, lies about 0.5 mile
Tides—Currents.—The flood current S of Diu sets ENE,
2.4

2.4

E of the E extremity of Diu Island. A 3m rocky patch lies about

with a greatest velocity at springs of 1.5 knots. It often runs for
0.8 mile farther ENE. A 4.7m depth lies about 1 mile ENE of
2 hours after the time of HW by the shore. The ebb current sets
the E extremity of Diu Island.
WSW at a velocity of 2 knots at springs, and often runs for 2.5
A reef, which dries in places, extends about 0.5 mile ENE
hours after the water along the shore has began to rise. These
2.4

irregularities of tides will account in some measure for the ed- from the E extremity of Diu Island.
dy currents off Diu Head. From October to the end of January large fleets of fishing
2.4

vessels based at Brancawaa, at the W end of Diu Island, and al-

2.4Aspect.—Diu Island is separated from the mainland by Ses-
so based at Diu, Nawabandar, and Simar (20°46'N., 71°10'E.)
alkhada Creek, which runs through the middle of a large
will be found from 4 to 8 miles offshore; these vessels leave
swamp. The seaward side of the island is composed chiefly of
barrel buoys and logs to mark the fishing grounds, and it is ad-
sandstone cliffs; the hills on its W part are about 30m high. The
visable to give them a wide berth.
citadel of Forte do Diu, at the E extremity of Diu Island, is con-
spicuous from seaward.
2.4A light is shown near the center of Forte do Diu; Couraca Diu Harbor to Pipavav Bandar
Light is shown periodically from the NE extremity of the same
fort. The town of Diu, close W of the fort, is enclosed by a wall 2.5 Nawabandar (20°44'N., 71°05'E.) is a promontory
situated 2 miles E of Diu Harbor; the intervening coast is high,
which is breached in many places on its W sides. There are
several prominent buildings in the town. with deep water close to it. A light is shown from a white circu-
lar building on the promontory. The town of Delvada, about 2.5
2.4Forte do Mar is situated about 0.2 mile N of Forte do Diu, on
miles NW of Nawabandar, has a large conspicuous temple with
the N side of the entrance to Sesalkhada Creek; it lies at the SE
twin minarets.
edge of a spit and is periodically marked by a light.
2.4A temple, about 0.7 mile NNW of Forte do Mar, is conspicu- 2.5Storm signals are shown at Nawabandar; the Brief System is
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
ous in the N part of the village of Gogola.
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
2.4A guard house, with a red roof and a palm tree, are conspicuous
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
about 1.3 miles NNE, and 2 miles N of Forte do Mar.
Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained, in 9.1m,
Signals.—Storm signals are displayed from a flagstaff in
2.5

2.4

mud, with the light structure at Nawabandar bearing 254°, dis-

Forte do Diu; the Brief System is used. Further information on
tant 1 mile.
these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Direc-
Panikota Islet, about 4.5 miles ENE of Nawabandar, is con-
tions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
2.5

under “India—Signals.” nected to the mainland W by a drying reef, which also extends
about 0.3 mile ENE from the islet. Simar Fort, a white flat-
2.4Contact Information.—See the table titled Diu—Contact
topped structure with a flagstaff, is situated at the N end of the
Information.
islet; a light is shown seasonally from the fort.
2.4Anchorage.—Diu Harbor affords no protection from the E;
Close W of Panikota Islet, a range of cliffs extends about 2
vessels should not anchor in the harbor during strong E winds,
2.5

the holding ground, sand and rock. miles W and attains an elevation of 13m; the W end of these

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 41

cliffs appears as a sharp bluff when seen from E. A temple, 2.6Depths—Limitations.—A channel about 40m wide leads to
11m high, is situated on the mainland, about 0.3 mile SW of a basin having a diameter of 300m, around the L-shaped jetty.
Simar Fort. Berthing details are shown in the table titled Jafarabad—
2.5Bhesla Rock, a rocky islet 8m high, lies about 10.3 miles E Berth Information.
of Panikota Islet and is fringed by a drying reef, except on its 2.6Aspect.—Jafarabad Harbor is situated in a shallow bay
SE side. A detached drying reef lies from 0.2 to 0.3 mile WSW about 1 mile across, at the entrance to the Jafarabad River. A
of Bhesla Rock. breakwater ends with an L-shaped jetty extending about 0.5
2.5There is good anchorage for small vessels about 0.4 mile N mile W from the shore near the cement factory on the E side. A
of Bhesla Rock, in 8.2m, mud, in Simar Anchorage. second breakwater extends ENE about 0.3 mile from the W en-
2.5From a position ENE of Bhesla Rock the track leads WSW, trance point of the bay. A light shows from the W breakwater
clear of the 4.3m spit, towards the anchorage. head.
2.5The channel between the reef W of Bhesla Rock and the reef 2.6Barman Hill, 106m high, is conspicuous about 6.5 miles
projecting ENE of Panikota Islet is not recommended, for al- NNW of Jafarabad. Lor Hill, 146m high, about 3 miles W of
though there is plenty of water, there are no navigational aids. Barman Hill, is also conspicuous.
2.5The village of Rajpura lies on a point about 3.5 miles ENE of 2.6A chimney, 90m high, and a conspicuous tower, 102m high,
Panikota Islet; a light is shown seasonally from this point. are situated close together at a cement factory on the E en-
There is high ground, with steep cliffs, close W of the village. trance point of the river.
A shoal, with a least depth of 4.2m, lies about 0.8 mile SW of 2.6Lights are shown from the SW and NE entrance points of the
the point, and about 0.3 mile offshore. harbors. A white beacon marks the W edge of the ledge of flat
2.5Murex Bluff, 25m high, lies about 5 miles farther ENE. Mu- rocks extending from the E side of the harbor entrance.
rex Reef, which dries from 1.8 to 2.7m, extends about 1 mile E 2.6Varaswarip Temple, 29m high, is situated close to the coast,
of the bluff. about 2 miles W of the W entrance point of Pipavav Anchor-
age, and is conspicuous from S.
2.6 Jafarabad (20°52'N., 71°23'E.),(World Port Index 2.6Vessel Traffic Service.—Jafarabad is covered by the Gulf of
No. 48720) is an open roadstead affording little protection Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
during the Southwest Monsoon. The harbor is shallow and a paragraph 2.9.
ledge of flat rocks extends nearly 0.5 mile W from the E side of 2.6Contact Information.—See the table titled Jafarabad—
the harbor entrance. Jafarabad is a walled town, with several Contact Information.
round towers, on the highest of which there is a flagstaff, 35m
high. The town, situated on high ground, can be seen from the Jafarabad—Contact Information
S and E over the intervening rising ground, about 1 mile inland
on the W bank of the river of the same name. Port Control
2.6Tides—Currents.—Outside the harbor, the tidal current sets VHF VHF channel 16
E with the flood and W with the ebb along the coast.
Telephone 91-2794-245-165
2.6At springs, the E current continues to run for about 1 hour af-
ter the time of HW, and the W current continues to run until 4 Facsimile 91-2794-245-152
hours before the time of the following HW. Both currents attain Web site http://www.gmbport.org/jafrabad-port
a maximum velocity of 4 knots after running for 3 hours.
2.6At neaps, the E current continues to run for 30 minutes after
the time of HW, and the W current continues to run until 4.5 Anchorage.—In fine weather, good anchorage can be taken,
2.6

hours before the time of the following HW. The maximum ve- in 14m, with the light structure on the SW entrance point bear-
locity of the flood is 1.8 knots and of the ebb 1.5 knots. ing 260°, and with the light structure on the NE entrance point
2.6At neaps, the current changes from ebb to flood in a clockwise bearing 036°.
direction and the flood to ebb in a counterclockwise direction.

Jafarabad—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Ultratech Cement Terminal
Clinker Clinker, coal, petcoke, coastal vessels, and
211m — 82m 4.0m 16.0m 3,004 dwt
Jetty bunkers.
Swan Energy LNG Import Terminal
FSRU
— 14.5m — 12.5m — — LNG. Under construction.
Berth
LNG LNG. Under construction. Berthing length
73m — — — — —
Berth of 377m (including dolphins).

Pub. 173
42 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies about 0.8 mile E of the

2.6 neaps.
SW entrance point of the harbor. 2.7Strong eddies form in West Channel at HW and LW.
The coast between Jafarabad Harbor and the W entrance
2.6 2.7Depths—Limitations.—Pipavav Port is approached from
point of Pipavav Anchorage, about 5 miles ENE, is cliffy with the S through West Channel, about 0.75 mile long, dredged to
precipitous points, and fringed by a coastal reef. Inland the about 14.5m, and marked by lighted buoys. West Channel is
country is undulating and partially cultivated. Small watch the recommended route to Pipavav Port and anchorage due to
towers, about 1.8m high, lie on most of the hilltops on the much shallower depths in the East Channel. East Channel,
coast. leading N of Bhensala Rock and Shial Bet, should only be used
by light-draft vessels with local knowledge, and only at high
Pipavav Bandar (20°55'N., 71°31'E.) water.
2.7West Channel leads W of Shial Bet (20°54'N., 71°31'E.)
World Port Index No. 48730 NNE from a position about 0.3 mile E of the W beacon for
about 0.2 mile, then NE to a position between the N end of the
2.7 Pipavav Bandar, the principal port for Dongar, about 6 GPPL Jetty and Lighted Buoy No. 9 light, where there is a
miles N, is the principal town on this part of the coast. Pipavav turning basin with a radius 275m and a depth of 13.5m. West
Bandar is operated by APM Terminals, which is part of the Channel can be used at any time day or night. The channel
A.P. Moller-Maersk Group. width varies from 380m at its beginning and widens to 575m in
the vicinity of the GPPL Jetty before narrowing to a width of
Port Authority of Pipavav Bandar 200m in the vicinity of the N end of the LPG Jetty.
2.7Berthing details are shown in the table titled Pipavav Port—
http://www.pipavav.com Berth Information.
2.7Only small vessels with local knowledge can proceed to Pi-
2.7Pipavav Bandar lies on the NW shore of the West Channel. It pavav Bandar, as there is only a depth of 2.1m in the channel
is an all season port offering container, bulk, break bulk and liq- leading to it.
uid cargo handling services. It imports and exports bulk cargo in- 2.7Aspect.—The shores of the islet are composed of rocky
cluding coal, cement and fertilizer, break bulk, and LPG. cliffs, 10 to 16m high, with the exception of the NE side and
2.7Chanch Island, the W extremity of which is located about 2.3 the shore of a small bay on its NW side, which are low and san-
miles NNE of Shial Island, fronts the coast for about 4.5 miles. dy. Remains of old fortifications are on the N and E sides of the
There is an extensive mangrove swamp close inland, which is islet. The greater part of the islet is covered with ruins of what
submerged only at very high spring tides A heavy swell occurs must have been extensive buildings and temples.
during the Southwest Monsoon. 2.7Savai Bet Reef, a drying reef, steep-to on its E edge, extends
2.7Tides—Currents.—The mean spring tidal range is about about 0.4 mile E from Savai Bet.
2.7m. The mean neap tidal range is only 1.2m. 2.7Bhensala Rock, a bluff rocky islet, 15m high and nearly
2.7The ebb current, which sets SW from S of Chanch Island, di- steep-to on its E side, is located 1 mile ENE of Savai Bet.
vides N of Bhensala Rock. One branch sets W through East 2.7Motapat Creek, separating the NW and N sides of Chanch
Channel and then SW through West Channel, attaining a veloc- Island from the mainland, is the outlet for waters that cover an
ity of 2 knots at springs and 1 knot at neaps. The other branch immense tract of marshy land at high water.
sets toward Savai Bet Reef and then W along the coast at a ve- 2.7A circular tower, 9m high, is conspicuous at the W edge of a
locity of 2 to 2.5 knots at springs and 1.5 knots at neaps. reef extending about 0.3 mile WSW from the W extremity of
2.7The flood current sets across the S approach to West Chanch Island.
Channel and there divides. One branch sets N through the 2.7One Tree Hill, at the W extremity of Chanch Island, is 14m
channel and then NE toward Chanch Island at a velocity of 1.5 high.
to 2.5 knots at springs and about 1 knot at neaps. The other 2.7Spit Sand which dries 0.3m, extends nearly 1.8 miles SW
branch sets ENE past Savai Bet Reef, and then toward Bhensa- from the SW edge of the above-mentioned reef. The SW edge
la Rock at a velocity of 3 knots at springs and 2 to 3 knots at of Spit Sand is called The Spit and has a least depth of 1.9m.

Pipavav Port—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
APM Terminals Pipavav
No. 1 330m 13.5m 229m 13.5m 38.0m 93,079 dwt Coal, clinker, cement, steel, soda ash, iron
ore, fertilizers, dry bulk, aggregates, con-
No. 2 — 13.5m 316m 13.5m 48.4m 115,414 dwt
tainers, and ro-ro. Continuous berthing
No. 3 — 14.5m 332m 14.5m 48.4m 115,343 dwt length of 680m.
No. 4 385m 14.5m 367m 14.5m 50.0m 150,000 dwt Containers, PCC, bunkers, and reefer.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 43

Pipavav Port—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Chemicals, clean and dirty products, LPG,
LPG 65m — 200m 12.0m 32.0m 50,000 dwt vegetable oils, and bunkers. Berthing
length of 305m (including dolphins).
Ultratech Cement Works
North
— 10.5m 200m 9.5m 32.0m 63,628 dwt Cement, project/heavy cargo, breakbulk,
Jetty
and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of
South 540m.
— 12.5m 200m 12.5m 32.0m 65,000 dwt
Jetty

2.7A palace, 26m high, about 2 miles ENE of the circular tower, Pipavav Bandar—Contact Information
is a good landmark from the SE and S.
2.7Beacons on the mainland, in line bearing 019°, and about 2 Pilots
miles N of Shial Bet, lead through West Channel. Beacons Telephone 91-990-4086-633 (mobile)
stand on drying reefs on each side of the entrance to West
Channel. E-mail inppvportcontrol@apmterminals.com
2.7Chachuda Mahadev Temple, 24m high, is conspicuous on
the mainland, about 1.5 miles WSW of Shial Bet. 2.7Contact Information.—See the table titled Pipavav Ban-
2.7Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and available 24 hours. dar—Contact Information.
2.7Vessels should call Port Control on VHF channel 16 or 71 2.7Anchorage.—There is good anchorage, sheltered from the
for pilot boarding information at least 3 hours prior to arrival. Southwest Monsoon, in a depth of 9m, mud and sand, S of Shi-
The use of tugs is compulsory. The pilot boards from a harbor al Bet, about 3.8 miles offshore. Strong tidal currents prevail in
tug in position 20°52'33.6''N, 71°30'08.4''E. the Gulf of Khambhat so caution needs to be taken when an-
2.7Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 choring.
hours, 24, hours, and 12 hours, in advance to the Harbormaster. 2.7Vessels should contact Port Control on VHF channel 16 or
2.7Vessel Traffic Service.—Pipavav Bandar is covered by the 71 for anchoring positions to be assigned.
Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa- 2.7Anchoring is prohibited N of 20°52.5'N. between 71°29.4'E
tion, see paragraph 2.9. and 71°30.4'E.
2.7Directions.—Vessels should enter West Channel with the
Pipavav Bandar—Contact Information range lights on the mainland bearing 013° to the buoyed chan-
nel leading to the port facilities.
Port Authority 2.7Caution.—Due to the strong current setting across the West
Telephone 91-2794-242-715 Channel entrance, Pipavav Harbormaster recommends for ves-
sels to maintain a speed over ground of 3-4 knots.
Facsimile 91-2794-242-668 2.7A ferry service operates between the SW part of the GPPL
Web site http://www.pipavav.com Jetty and NW Shial Bet.
2.7A large rectangular spoil ground area has been established
Port Control about 2.4 miles SSE of Shial Bet.
Call sign Pipavav Port Control
VHF VHF channels 16 and 71 Pipavav Bandar to Gopnath Point
91-2794-242-666 2.8 Islet Point (21°00'N., 71°41'E.), about 10 miles NE
Telephone of Shial Bet, is prominent and hilly. Several islets front the
91-990-4086-633 (mobile)
point and are connected with each other and the coast by a dry-
Facsimile 91-2794-242-668 ing reef of rocks. The S islet, about 0.8 mile S of the point, is
E-mail inppvportcontrol@apmterminals.com 15m high and nearly steep-to. A spit, with a depth of 4m, ex-
tends about 0.8 mile ESE from this islet.
Harbormaster Patva Bay, between Islet Point and a bluff point, 15m high,
2.8

91-2794-242-604 about 2.5 miles WSW, is shallow and mostly dries.

The bight between Islet Point and Gadhada, about 4 miles
2.8

Telephone 90-2794-242-607 ENE, is filled with the coastal reef, which extends about 1.3
91-9904-232-200 (mobile) miles offshore in places. Gadhada, a village, is situated on the
edge of a cliff, 20m high. A detached 7.3m patch lies about 3
E-mail ajay.kumar@apmterminals.com miles SW of Gadhada, and about 1.8 miles offshore.
The coast between Gadhada and the SW entrance of Mahuva
2.8

Pub. 173
44 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Bay is composed of limestone cliffs and is fringed by a steep-to land, about 28 miles NNE of Gopnath Point. Local knowledge
coastal reef extending about 0.2 mile offshore. is necessary for vessels navigating above Ghoga, about 6 miles
2.8Mahuva Bay (21°02'N., 71°47'E.) nearly dries and shows a NW of Piram Island.
mass of rocks and stones. Its SW entrance point is a bluff, 24m 2.9Vessel Traffic Service.—The gulf is covered by the Gulf of
high; the NE entrance point, which is the SW extremity of Jegri Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. The VTS area covers the en-
Island, is similar, but 18m high. tire gulf N of latitude 20°30.0'N and E of longitude 71°20.0'E
2.8Jegri Island, sparsely cultivated, has bold rocky cliffs on its S and is divided into three sectors, as follows:
and E sides, and its W part consists of sand hills from 18 to 1. VTS Khambhat North—North of latitude 21°12.2'N
23m high. A drying reef extends about 0.2 mile E from the SE to the coast.
extremity of Jegri Island, which is marked by a light. 2. VTS Khambhat West—North of latitude 20°30.0'N, E
2.8Mahuva Bandar is situated at the head of Mahuva Bay, and is of longitude 71°20.0'E, W of longitude 72°20.0'E, and S of
approached through a creek which nearly dries. Mahuva, a latitude 21°12.2'N.
walled town with a conspicuous temple near its center, lies 3. VTS Khambhat East—North of latitude 20°30.0'N, E
about 2.8 miles N of Mahuva Bandar, from which it is separat- of longitude 72°20.0'E, and S of latitude 21°12.2'N.
ed by an extensive swamp, submerged at HW. 2.9The following ports are located within the VTS area:
2.8Anchorage can be taken by small vessels, in about 13.1m, 1. Bhavnagar New Port (paragraph 2.16).
mud, with the light structure on Jegri Island bearing 040°, dis- 2. Dahej (paragraph 2.19).
tant 0.6 mile. 3. Hazira LNG Terminal (paragraph 2.12).
2.8Jegri Bay (Katpur Bay), between Jegri Island and Cave 4. Hazira Offshore Terminal (Reliance Offshore Termi-
Point, about 2.3 miles NE, is a shallow bight, the head of nal) (paragraph 2.11).
which, consisting of sand and mud, dries to a distance of about 5. Jafarabad (paragraph 2.6).
0.7 mile seaward; the depths increase gradually to seaward. 6. Magdalla (paragraph 2.10).
Bhawani Temple, on top of a sandhill at the head of Jegri Bay, 7. Pipavav Bandar (paragraph 2.7).
is conspicuous. 2.9Participation in the VTS is mandatory for the following ves-
2.8Tidal currents S and W of Jegri Island set in the direction of sels:
the line of the coast, with the flood setting E and the ebb setting 1. All vessels greater than 300 gross tons except coastal
W; at springs, the flood current attains a velocity of 2.5 knots vessels.
and the ebb current a velocity of 1 knot. 2. Towing vessels, where the length of the tow exceeds
2.8Kotada Bluff (21°07'N., 71°58'E.) is 26m high and conspic- 200m.
uous. During W winds, boats can land on the NE side of the 3. Bulk vessels carrying dangerous cargo designated in
bluff. the enforcement regulations of the Maritime Traffic Safety
2.8Methla Point, about 2 miles farther ENE, is a low rocky pro- Law, Article 2.
jection, 7.6m high, rising about 0.5 mile N to the average ele- 4. Other vessels as notified by the DC Shipping/Gujarat
vation of the undulating land in this vicinity of more than Maritime Board.
30.5m. 2.9Reporting requirements for the VTS are, as follows:
2.8Bhensia Rock, 27m high, lies on the drying coastal reef 1. Inbound vessels intending to enter the VTS area.—
about 2.5 miles NE of Methla Point. Vessels are required to send a Pre-Arrival Notice (PAN) to
2.8Jhanjhmer is a walled town on the coast about 4 miles NE of the relevant VTS sector on the specified VHF channel 1 hour
Methla Point. The remains of a square and conspicuous old fort prior to entering the VTS area, stating the following infor-
are situated close S of the town. A light is shown about 0.2 mation:
mile S of the fort. a. Vessel name.
2.8Anchorage for small vessels can be obtained, in 10m, sand b. Call sign.
and mud, about 0.9 mile SE of the fort. c. ETA at the VTS limit and the approximate point of
2.8About midway between Jhanjhmer and Gopnath Point, there entry.
is a projecting point, 27.4m high, with a tower close inland. d. Destination port.
Vessels engaged in lighterage operations or only in coastal
The Gulf of Cambay (The Gulf of Khambhat) trade inside the VTS area do not need to provide a PAN.
2. Inbound vessels upon entering the VTS area.—
2.9 The Gulf of Cambay is about 30 miles wide at its en- Vessels should call the relevant VTS sector on the specified
trance between Gopnath Point (21°12'N., 72°07'E.) and Suva- VHF channel, stating the following information:
li Point (21°05'N., 72°38'E.). Malacca Banks, with deep a. Vessel name.
channels to the W and E, lie in the fairway of the approach. b. Call sign.
Grant Channel and Sutherland Channel are safer to use than the c. Position (latitude and longitude) at time of report-
channels between the banks, as the mariner is able to accurate- ing.
ly fix his position from the objects on the coast; Sutherland d. Course.
Channel should be used only by those with local knowledge. e. Speed.
2.9The S part of the gulf is deep, but the N part is encumbered f. MMSI/IMO Number.
with sand banks, which frequently change because of the force g. Nationality.
of the bores and freshets from the rivers. h. Gross tons and net tons.
2.9Deep-draft vessels can proceed up the gulf as far as Piram Is- i. Length overall.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 45

j. Maximum draft. Contact Information.—For details on how to contact the

2.9

k. Last port (if loaded, also state last loading port). VTS see the table titled Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic
l. Next port. Service—Contact Information.
m. ETA at next port (anchorage or pilot station).
n. Type of cargo on board. Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service—Contact
o. Type and quantity of dangerous cargo and pollut- Information
ants on board.
p. Total number of crew, including the master, and VTS Khambhat North
their nationalities. Call sign VTS Khambhat North
q. Master’s name and nationality.
r. Details of agent if bound for a port in the VTS area. VHF VHF channel 69
s. Details of consignee if bound for a port in the VTS VTS Khambhat West
area.
Call sign VTS Khambhat West
t. Security level being maintained on board.
u. Whether all navigational and communications VHF VHF channel 10
equipment on board are working satisfactorily. VTS Khambhat East
v. Does the vessel have any swine flu on board?
w. Heavy Oil/MDO/Lube Oil/Fresh Water remaining Call sign VTS Khambhat East
on board. VHF VHF channel 9
3. Vessels inside the VTS area other than a vessel at a
berth.—Vessels should maintain a continuous listening VTS Khambhat Center
watch on VHF channel 16, on the relevant VHF channel for 91-261-658-6788
the VTS sector, and on any other VHF channel required by Telephone
local regulations. 91-990-990-3748
4. Vessels transiting the VTS area and entering a new E-mail vtskhambhat@aatash.com
VTS sector.—Vessels should contact the appropriate sector
Web site http://www.aatash.com
on the relevant VHF channel and report the change of sector.
5. Vessels transiting the VTS area and intending to
anchor in the designated anchorage in the VTS area.— 2.9Caution.—Considerable shoaling is reported in the entrance
Vessels should inform the appropriate VTS sector of this in- of the Gulf of Cambay and mariners should navigate with cau-
tention well in advance. After anchoring in the VTS area, tion in this vicinity.
vessels should report the following information on the rele- 2.9The sand and banks in the upper part of the gulf are subject to
vant VHF channel: great alterations. Any directions for navigating this area must be
a. Anchor let-go position (latitude and longitude). considered as general only; local knowledge is necessary.
b. Time of anchoring. 2.9Malacca Banks is the general name for four long narrow
c. Status of main engine. shoals lying in and obstructing the entrance of the Gulf of
d. Heavy Oil/MDO/Lube Oil/Fresh Water remaining Cambay, between the parallels of 20°20'N and 21°20'N. These
on board. shoals, named in order from W, are Western Bank, Narmada
6. Vessels at anchor.—Vessels should maintain a con- Bank, Breaker Bank, and Eastern Bank.
tinuous listening watch on VHF channel 16, on the relevant 2.9Deep channels are between these shoals, but they are narrow
VHF channel for the VTS sector, and on any other VHF at their N ends, and it is inadvisable to use them.
channel required by local regulations. 2.9Western Bank dries in places.
7. Vessels at a berth, leaving a berth, leaving the har- 2.9It was reported (2012) that vessels with a draft of more than
bor, or leaving an anchorage.—Vessels should follow local 8.5m use the buoyed channel between Western and Narmada
regulations and report to the respective authorities as appro- Banks.
priate. In addition, vessels should report to the appropriate 2.9Vessels proceeding the N part of Gulf of Khambhat via
VTS sector on the relevant VHF channel at the following Grant Channel should initially follow the TSS WNW, proceed-
times: ing N to pass W of Tapti Oil Development Area, passing W of
a. When alongside the berth. a dangerous wreck in position 20°37.9’N, 71°38.6’E, with a
b. When casting off from the berth. depth of 10.2m, and clear of an 8.9m shoal that lies in position
c. When disembarking the last sea pilot. 20°46.3’N 71°38.4’E.
d. When the anchor is aweigh. 2.9Grant Channel, between Western Bank and the coast NW, is
e. Upon ringing full away. steep-to on both sides, with general depths of 11.3 to 27m, bot-
8. Outbound vessels leaving the VTS area.—Vessels tom is sand toward the bank and mud toward the Channel off
should report to the appropriate VTS sector, reporting the the N end of Western Bank.
vessel’s name and ETA at the next port. 2.9Depths in Grant Channel between Gopnath Point and West-
In addition to the reporting requirements listed above, all
2.9
ern Bank, 6 miles SSE of Gopnath Point, were reported (2002)
vessels transiting the VTS area shall inform the VTS of any in- to be 1 to 1.5m less than charted.
formation concerning the safety of navigation and pollution 2.9Narmada Bank has a large area of drying sand near its center.
prevention. 2.9Breaker Bank has a long sand bank near its center, which

Pub. 173
46 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

may be seen a long distance from the masthead when the sun fore the commencement of ebb tide.
shines on it at high water neaps, but it is submerged at high wa- Depths—Limitations.—The Tapi River bar is dry at LW
2.10

ter springs. Depths of 2.7 to 3.3m lie at the N end of Breaker while the entrance and river itself contains many sand banks
Bank, about 16 miles ENE of Gopnath Point; a drying patch that are also dry at tides less than HW. Magdalla is approached
was reported (1954) in this vicinity. A dangerous wreck lies through a buoyed channel marked 80m wide and dredged to a
about 5 miles SW of Breaker Bank. depth of only 3m.
2.9Eastern Bank has several shoal patches, some of which dry. Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
Because the depths are deep within 0.2 mile of these shoal Magdalla—Berth Information.
patches in many places, soundings give little warning of the ap- Pilotage.—Pilots are not compulsory but any attempt to lo-
proach to these dangers. cate the entrance to the navigable channel should only be car-
2.9Sutherland Channel, between Eastern Bank and the coast E, ried out through use of a local pilot.
is about 2.5 miles wide at its narrowest part, WNW of Suvali Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 5
Point. Two lighterage areas, one for general cargo and one for days, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior to arrival.
chemical and LPG cargo, which are best seen on the chart, are Vessel Traffic Service.—Magdalla is covered by the Gulf of
2.10

located about 5 miles W of Suvali Point. Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
2.9Shoaling, including a drying patch about 300m wide, has paragraph 2.9.
been reported (2003 and 2006) in an area extending from 2 to 3 Contact Information.—See the table titled Magdalla—
2.10

miles SW of the SW corner of the charted General Lighterage Contact Information.

Area.
Magdalla—Contact Information
Magdalla (21°09'N., 72°45'E.) Port Control/VTMS
World Port Index No. 48770 VHF VHF channels 9 and 16
Telephone 91-261-272-1700
2.10 Magdalla, an official point of entry, includes the Hazi-
ra port complex comprised of Hazira Offshore Terminal (see Facsimile 91-261-272-1700
paragraph 2.11), the Hazira LNG Terminal (see paragraph
Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board
2.12), and a bulk/container terminal presently under construc-
tion. Telephone 91-261-247-0533
The actual port of Magdalla is located about 5 miles up- Facsimile 91-261-247-5645
stream on the S bank of the Tapi River. Magdalla has four
berths capable of handling barges with drafts up to 3.5m. Most E-mail pomagdalla@gmail.com
cargo is handled at the Magdalla river jetties. Web site http://www.gmbports.org/magdalla-port
Tides—Currents.—The flood tide sets N, continuing for 1
2.10

hour after the time of local HW. The tide often falls 2m just be-

Magdalla—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Adani Hazira Container Terminal
124,092 dwt/ Clinker, coal, grain, containers, project/
CT-1 360m 14.9m 360m 14.0m 48.4m
10,055teu heavy, steel products, breakbulk, reefer,
124,092 dwt/ and bunkers. Continuous berthing length
CT-2 360m 14.9m 360m 14.0m 48.4m of 720m.
10,055teu
Essar Terminal
Coal, iron ore, limestone, steel products,
Barge Jetty — — 119m 3.5m 16.8m 8,184 dwt bunkers, and breakbulk. Continuous berth-
ing length of 1,048m.
No. 1 300m 14.5m 300m 14.0m 50.0m 150,000dwt
Coal, iron ore, limestone, steel products,
No. 2 300m 14.5m 300m 14.0m 50.0m 150,000dwt
breakbulk, and bunkers. Continuous berth
No. 3 300m 14.5m 300m 14.0m 50.0m 150,000dwt length 1650m. Continuous dredging activ-
No. 4 300m 14.5m 300m 14.0m 50.0m 150,000dwt ity. Maximum available draft to be con-
firmed from the terminal.
No. 5 300m 14.5m 300m 14.0m 50.0m 150,000dwt

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 47

Magdalla—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Continuous berth length 1650m.
Continuous dredging activity. Maximum
No. 6 300m — 300m — — 150,000dwt
available draft to be confirmed from the
terminal.
Magdalla Terminal
Coal, grain, rock phosphate, machinery,
No. 1 210m — 131m 3.1m 17.2m 3,004 dwt bunkers, mill scale, soybean, and molas-
ses.
No. 2 143m — 82m 3.1m 16.0m 3,004 dwt Cement, clinker, breakbulk, and bunkers.
Adani Hazira Multipurpose Terminal
121,332 dwt/ Chemicals, clean products, crude, dirty
MP1 351m 14.9m 300m 14.0m 43.0m
187,200t products, vegetable oils, coal, others,
182,534 dwt/ phosphates, project/heavy, steel products,
MP2 351m 14.9m 300m 14.0m 47.0m breakbulk, multipurpose, bunkers, and
208,817t
rock phosphates. Continuous berth length
177,643 dwt/ 1,144m. Tankers required to blow pipe-
MP3 260m 14.9m 289m 14.0m 45.0m
199,064t lines and shore hose up to shore manifolds
65,125 dwt/ with air/nitrogen depending on liquid car-
MP4 182m 13.9m 180m 13.0m 40.0m go grade handled.
106,700t
Hazira LNG Terminal
122,006 dwt/
164,963t/ LNG. Berthing length of 368m (including
LNG Berth 110m 13.0m 317m 12.3m 50.0m
dolphins).
213,239m3
Reliance (RIL) Hazira Shipping & Offshore Terminal

2,628 dwt/ Chemical gases, chemicals, and bunkers.

EDC Jetty 10m — 90m — 17.9m Berthing length of 195m (including dol-
1,996m3 phins).

2,628 dwt/ Chemical gases, chemicals, LPG, and bun-

Gas Jetty 1 40m — 90m 3.5m 17.9m kers. Berthing length of 172m (including
1,996m3 dolphins).
2,628 dwt/ Chemical gases, LPG, and bunkers. Berth-
Gas Jetty 2 38m — 90m 3.5m 17.9m ing length of 123m (including dolphins).
1,996m3
Reliance 74,859 dwt/
— 25.0m 265m 15.0m 48.0m Chemicals, clean products, and bunkers.
SPM/01 100,000t

Anchorage.—Anchoring, best seen on the chart, is available

2.10 Depths—Limitations.—There is a depth of 25m at the
2.11

in Surat Roads, SW of Hazira Point, in depths from 10m to SPM. Vessels between 15,000 and 50,000 dwt and up to 250m
12m, but care must be taken due to the strong tidal currents, es- in length, with a maximum arrival draft of 13m, can be accom-
pecially on ebb tide. modated.
Pilotage.—Pilots should be requested via the agent. Pilots
2.11 Hazira Offshore Terminal (Reliance Offshore Ter- board LNG vessels in position 21°05'57.0''N, 72°34'16.2''E,
minal) (21°09'N., 72°34'E.) is situated about 9 miles NNW of about 3 miles S of the SPM.
the Tapi River Fairway Lighted Buoy. The terminal is an SPM Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA, via the agent,
(named Reliance) and is approached through Sutherland Chan- 72 hours, 48 hours, 12 hours, and 6 hours prior to arrival.
nel. Vessel Traffic Service.—The terminal is covered by the
2.11

Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents set N and S in the chan-

2.11 Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa-
nel at rates of up to 6 knots at springs. The tidal range is report- tion, see paragraph 2.9.
ed to be about 7m. Contact Information.—See the table titled Hazira Off-
2.11

Pub. 173
48 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

shore Terminal—Contact Information Pilotage.—Pilots are compulsory and board, as follows:

2.12

1. LNG vessels—Position 20°54'00.0''N, 72°35'00.0''E.

Hazira Offshore Terminal—Contact Information 2. All other vessels—Position 21°02'00.0''N,
72°34'00.0''E.
VHF VHF channel 67 3. Position 20°00'05.4''N, 72°35'27.6''E.
Telephone 91-261-413-5484 Regulations.—Vessels bound for the terminal must report to
2.12

Magdalla Port Control when 2 miles S of Magdalla Port Lim-

shippingradioroom@ril.com
E-mail its. All LNG carriers must obtain passage approval from Mag-
shippingradioroom.hz@ril.com dalla Port Control prior to entering the entrance corridor.
Only one vessel at a time is allowed to be underway in the
2.12

Caution.—Anchoring and fishing are prohibited within 1

2.11
approach corridor. The use of tugs is compulsory; four tugs se-
mile of the SPM and as well as within 0.25 mile of the pipeline cure to the LNG carrier prior to entering the dredged entrance
extending from the coast to the SPM. A fog signal is sounded channel.
from the SPM; the SPM also includes a radar reflector. Vessel Traffic Service.—The terminal is covered by the
2.12

Gulf of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further informa-

2.12 Hazira LNG Terminal (21°06'N., 72°37'E.) (World tion, see paragraph 2.9.
Port Index No. 48790) is located on the W side of the Hazira Contact Information.—See the table titled Hazira—Con-
2.12

peninsula and is approached through the S part of Sutherland tact Information.

Channel. Anchorage.—Anchoring is prohibited within the Magdalla
2.12

Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents attain a rate of at least

2.12
Port Limits, which are best seen on the chart, except in an
4.5 knots at springs. emergency. See paragraph 2.10 for anchoring information.
Depths—Limitations.—The harbor, open WSW, is protect-
2.12

ed by breakwaters. The entrance channel is 0.65 mile long; it is Hazira—Contact Information

0.37 mile wide at seaside, tapers to a width of 0.25 mile wide at Port Control
the breakwaters, and is dredged to a depth of 13m.
The facility can accommodate an LNG carrier of
2.12
VHF VHF channels 16 and 69
145,000m3, with a maximum length of 295m, a maximum 91-261-305-1051
beam of 50m, and a maximum draft of 11.5m. The berth, on Telephone
the N side of the harbor, has an alongside depth of 13m, is ori- 91-261-305-1041
ented in a NE/SW direction, and consists of four breasting dol- Facsimile 91-261-305-1158
phins and five mooring dolphins.
A container terminal, consisting of two berths designated CT1
2.12
E-mail hlpl-haz-portcontrol@shell.com
and CT2, and a multi-purpose terminal, consisting of three Essar Marine Operations
berths designated MP1, MP2, and MP3, have been constructed
SE of the LNG Terminal. Dredging is in progress (2013) in the VHF VHF channel 71
area between the terminals; the port should be contacted for up- 91-261-668-2271
dated information. Telephone
91-261-668-2246
Facsimile 91-261-668-2292
operations-ebtl@essar.com
E-mail
subhas.das@essarport.co.in
Web site http://www.essarports.com
Adani Terminal
Telephone 91-261-220-7780
Facsimile 91-261-220-7777
Web site http://www.adaniports.com
Magdalla Port Control
VHF VHF channels 9 and 16
Telephone 91-261-272-1700
Facsimile 91-261-272-1700
Hazira Offshore Terminal SPM LNG Terminal—Operators (Office)
Aspect.—Range lights, in line bearing 069.5°, lead through
2.12
91-79-3001-1100
Telephone
the entrance channel. The seaward end of the entrance channel 91-79-3001-1101
is marked by a pair of lighted buoys.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 49

Hazira—Contact Information 2.14 Alang Shipbreaking Yard (21°30'N., 72°20'E.) is lo-

cated about 5 miles SSW of Piram Island Light. Vessels to be
Facsimile 91-79-2647-0101 scrapped are normally run in to the beach on high tide (HW
Web site http://www.haziralngandport.com over 10m) twice a month. There are no size restrictions for ves-
sels calling at Alang to be scrapped.
LNG Terminal—Operators (Terminal) Tides—Currents.—Tide information is produced by the
2.14

91-261-305-1155 port department and can be attained by contacting local agents.

Regulations.—Masters are to send their ETA’s 72 hours, 48
2.14

Telephone 91-261-305-1149
hours, and 24 hours prior to arrival. Vessels slated for demoli-
91-261-305-1151 tion must arrive without any cargo on board.
Anchorage.—The primary anchorage is 5 miles S of Piram
91-261-305-1158
2.14

Facsimile Island Light.

91-261-305-1041
2.15 Kuda Point (21°38'N., 72°18'E.), 10m high, has a
Caution.—The N end of Malacca Banks should not be ap-
2.12 thick clump of trees and a white bungalow on it. The trees are
proached with an ebb tide, because, being nearly steep-to, conspicuous from N or S and the bungalow shows well during
soundings do not give sufficient warning. This area also has not the forenoon when seen from E.
been closely examined. Tapti Oil Development Area, best seen Mallock Reef, about 1.5 miles SE of Kuda Point, dries 4.7m
2.15

on the chart, is located in the W approach to the Gulf of Cambay. and lies on the W side of the channel between it and the reef
Unlit structures and lighted platforms are situated on the Malac- extending NW from Piram Island.
ca Banks, Surat Roads, and the Sutherland Channel, as best seen Piram Island, 11m high and composed of sand, lies with its
2.15

on the chart. N end about 2.8 miles SE of Kuda Point. At the S end of the is-
land there are a few trees and a little cultivation; the NE side is
The Gulf of Cambay—West Side fringed by a few mangrove trees. The lighthouse is conspicu-
ous near the middle of the island; a small village is situated
2.13 Gopnath Point (21°12'N., 72°07'E.), the W entrance close N of the lighthouse.
point of the Gulf of Cambay, is moderately high, with a con- Reefs surround the island and extend about 2.5 miles NNE,
2.15

spicuous light structure and bungalow on it. A temple, 23m 0.5 mile E, and 1.5 miles SSE from the island. Shoal water,
high, lies near the coast, about 0.8 mile N of the point. with depths of less than 11m, extends about 7.8 miles SSW
A reef, which dries 2.7m, extends about 1.5 miles ENE from
2.13 from the S end of the reef surrounding Piram Island.
Gopnath Point. The narrow channel between Mallock Reef and Piram Island
2.15

Gopnath Shoals, nearly steep-to on the E side, extend about

2.13
should not be used without local knowledge as the tide runs
3.5 miles NNE from about 2 miles ENE of Gopnath Point. The through at a great velocity and there is very little slack water.
shoals consist of a reef, which dries from 1.2 to 2.7m, and sev- Caution.—Due to continuous shifting of banks and chan-
2.15

eral patches with depths of less than 5.5m. nels, depths in the approaches to Bhavnagar change frequently.
Sultanpur Shoals extend about 4 miles NNE from the N end
2.13 Vessels should not navigate in this area without local knowl-
of Gopnath Shoals to about 9 miles NNE of Gopnath Point, edge or assistance.
then W to the coast. These shoals consist of drying rock, sand
and clay, and numerous patches with depths of 0.6 to 5.5m. Bhavnagar (21°46'N., 72°14'E.)
Tides—Currents.—Within Gopnath Shoal and Sultanpur
2.13

Shoal the flood current at springs does not turn until more than World Port Index No. 48760
1 hour after the time of HW, and the ebb current continues to
run for more than 1.5 hours after the tide has commenced ris- 2.16 The port of Bhavnagar consists of a lock gate basin
ing. At neaps the flood current turns 2 hours after the time of capable of receiving shallow draft vessels within an area pro-
HW. tected by a Lock Gate at the Bhavnagar New Port area and an
The coast between Gopnath Point and Kuda Point, about 28
2.13
anchorage area about 3 miles E of Perigee Rock to accommo-
miles NNE, is low and covered with sandhills for about 18 date deep-draft vessels for working cargo via lighters and barg-
miles to Mitivirdi; then it is comparatively high, with several es. The lock gate basin lies near the head of an inlet, which
ravines close to the coast. The country is flat and cultivated, mostly dries, about 5 miles NNW of Ghogha. Bhavnagar New
with many scattered villages mostly surrounded by trees; in- Port is entered through the lock gate, which is 21m in width,
land it is generally from 30 to 61m high. near the entrance to the inlet. Only coasters, lighters, or harbor
Talaja Hill, rising from a level plain about 10 miles NNW of
2.13
craft can enter the port.
Gopnath Point, and 5 miles inland, is a steep conical hill, about Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Bhavnagar is 10.2m at
2.16

113m high, with a conspicuous temple on its summit. MHWS and 8.3m at MHWN. At Piram Island, high tide is 40
Palitana Mountain, 596m high, is conspicuous about 12
2.13
minutes earlier and the tidal rise is 8.9m at MHWS and 7.3m at
miles WNW of Talaja Hill. MHWN.
Khokhra Hills, the S end of which lies about 9.5 miles NNE
2.13
The direction and velocity of the tidal currents are irregular
2.16

of Talaja Hill, extends about 7.5 miles N. Its summit, 300m between Gopnath Point and Bhavnagar and are affected by lo-
high, near the N end of the range, is conspicuous. cal winds, especially in Malcolm Channel. At the S of Channel
Bank, the current divides.

Pub. 173
50 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

At the N end of Bhavnagar Channel, the flood and ebb cur-

2.16 Channel Bank, which dries 6.5m and is covered with grass,
2.16

rents have a velocity of about 3 knots at springs and 2.5 knots extends N from about 2 miles N of Ghogha.
at neaps. These velocities are likely to increase when freshets On the S side of the Kalubhar River N of the city of
2.16

occur in the Kalubhar River. The general direction of the tidal Bhavnagar, a steel pier can accommodate coastal vessels of
currents is parallel to the coast. medium draft. Vessels using the pier lie alongside with an an-
The duration of the current at the N end of Bhavnagar Chan-
2.16 chor down and can lie on the mud at LW.
nel varies from 13 to 20 minutes at springs and from 12 to 22
minutes at neaps.
Depths—Limitations.—Vessels only up to 148.5m long,
2.16

with a maximum beam of 19.5m, can enter the port through

21m-wide lock gates. Depending on the tide level, a vessels
with a maximum draft of 4m can enter into the tidal basin.
Berthing details are shown in the table titled Bhavnagar—
2.16

Berth Information.
Vessels arrive and depart at about HW slack. They enter with
2.16

a tug ahead; another tug is available in the turning basin, where

they are usually swung and berthed starboard side-to.
Perigee Rock, which dries 1.4m, lies about 2.3 miles NE of
2.16

Ghogha; it shows three heads above water at the lowest spring

tides.
Perigee Light Float is moored about 1.4 mile S of Perigee
2.16

Rock. Depths E and SE of Perigee Rock, to a distance of about

4 miles, are irregular.

Lock Gate at Bhavnagar Port

Aspect.—The coast between Kuda Point and Ghogha

2.16

(21°41'N., 72°17'E.), about 4 miles NNW, is low and marshy. It

is fronted by reefs, parts of which dry, and shoalwater extends
nearly 2.5 miles offshore. Abreast Ghogha, the foreshore is
mud and shingle, drying to a distance of about 0.5 mile off-
shore.
Ghogha is a walled town and the land in the vicinity is inun-
2.16

dated at spring tides.

The coast from Ghogha to Bhavnagar Point, about 9 miles
2.16

NNW, consists of a mud flat overgrown by low mangrove

bushes intersected by numerous small drying creeks.
Rhuk Bank, with its S end about 7 miles NNW of Ghogha,
2.16

extends about 10 miles N, partially covers at HWS, and is cov-

Perigee Light Float ered with mangrove bushes.
Bhavnagar Channel lies SW of Channel Bank and dries
2.16

A shoal, which dries 4.2m, extends N from a position about

2.16 2.4m.
2 miles NE of Perigee Rock. Mariners are warned that due to frequent changes in the banks
2.16

Stranded wrecks lie about 4.5 miles E of Perigee Rock.

2.16 and channels N of Piram Island, local knowledge is necessary.

Bhavnagar—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Bhavnagar Port Terminal
Akwada Jetty 92m — — — — — Closed.
Concrete Jetty 270m 12.8m 78.95m 4.0m 14.8m 2,169 dwt Coal, fertilizer, iron ore, phos-
phates, salt, scrap metal, general
North Quay 141m — 67.4m 4.0m 12.5m 1,894 dwt cargo, sulfur, oil cakes, onions, and
rapeseed.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 51

Range beacons lead across the drying banks in the Kalubhar

2.16 of Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further information,
River. Due to the continual silting, the depths in the river and its see paragraph 2.9.
approaches are liable to change, and the range beacons are liable Contact Information.—See the table titled Bhavnagar
2.16

to alteration. Dredging is continually in progress. Port—Contact Information.

Ruvapari Light (21°47'N., 72°14'E.) is shown from a gray
2.16 Anchorage.—Vessels anchor in the charted anchorage area
2.16

hut on piles, on the SW side of Bhavnagar Channel, about 1 E of Perigee Rock. Tidal currents have been reported to reach a
mile NNW of Bhavnagar New Port. rate of about 6 knots at springs.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots will board vessels
2.16

about 4.6 miles SW of Luhara Point not later than 2 hours be- Bhavnagar Port—Contact Information
fore the time of HW at Bhavnagar for docking on the same
tide. Prior notice of ETA must be sent to obtain a pilot. Port Control
If the pilot has not yet arrived when the vessel reaches the pi-
2.16 VHF VHF channel 16
lot boarding area, anchoring to await the pilot is not recom-
Telephone 91-278-256-1221
mended, but instead to steam in reciprocal courses until the
pilot arrives. Facsimile 91-278-257-1221
Web site http://www.gmbports.org/bhavnagar-port
Pilots
VHF VHF channels 6, 12, and 16n

It has been reported that several vessels have lost anchors in

2.16

the foul ground found about 1.5 miles E of Perigee Rock.

To prevent yawing during spring tides, consideration should
2.16

be given to the use of a second anchor and/or steering. The sec-

ond anchor should be heaved up and dropped 1.5 hours before
and after the tidal current change to avoid fouling the first an-
chor. It is recommended that engines are kept on stand-by, to
be available within 20 minutes, during spring tides.
Directions.—No directions are given due to the frequent
2.16

changes in the channels and banks, and local knowledge is nec-

essary.
Caution.—A wide berth should be given the area around
2.16

Perigee Light Float due to extensive silting.

Due to continuous shifting of banks and channels, depths in
2.16

the approach and channel to Bhavnagar change frequently.

Mariners are advised not to navigate in the vicinity without lo-
cal knowledge or the assistance of a pilot.
The Lock Gate at the entrance to Bhavnagar New Port har-
2.16

bor is unusual in that it is lifted vertically before being swung

clear and will cause a surge in the harbor area. Successive
heights of tide at HW during springs can vary by up to 2m, re-
sulting in unequal water levels. The initial lock gate lift, at any
time between 2.5 hours and 0.5 hour before HW, can cause a
surge within the dock basin and attention to moorings and
gangways during this period is recommended.

The Gulf of Cambay—East Side

Ruvapari Light
2.17 Suvali Point (21°05'N., 72°38'E.), the E entrance
The pilot vessel is a tug with a black hull, buff superstruc-
2.16
point of the Gulf of Cambay, is fringed by the drying coastal
ture, and a buff funnel with a black top. In addition to the usual reef which extends about 1 mile W of the point. Tapti Light is
signals for a pilot vessel, a searchlight is flashed from time to shown from a white circular stone column, 27m high, on the
time at night. The pilot boat maintains radio watch on VHF point; a tomb lies close SE of the light structure.
channel 16 when on duty. The coast from Suvali Point to the entrance of Tena Creek,
2.17

Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA to the Port Of-

2.16
about 8.3 miles N, is fringed by a drying coastal reef. About 5
fice at least 48 hours in advance. miles N of Suvali Point there are some sand hills, known as Su-
Vessels dock and undock during daylight hours only, except
2.16
vali Hills.
for special circumstances. Between the entrance to Tena Creek and the entrance to Sena
2.17

Vessel Traffic Service.—Bhavnagar is covered by the Gulf

2.16
Creek, about 9 miles N, the coast is fringed with thick groves

Pub. 173
52 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

of palmyra trees. The Kim River, about 2 miles farther N, dries half flood and half ebb, and then only if possessing local
in its entrance. knowledge.
Tena Bank-Outer Bhagva Sand, one continuous narrow bank
2.17 Pilotage for the river can generally be obtained off the bar of
2.18

nearly parallel with the coast, lies between the entrance to Tena the river.
Creek and the S entrance of the Kim River. Tena Bank, the S Kerselea Bank, lying between Luhara Point and Alia Bet, is
2.18

part of which dries, is a continuation of Outer Bhagva Sand, an extensive area of mud and sand, which dries up to 5.5m.
the N part of which dries in patches. Bhagva Channel, E of the Bharuch Channel, the principal entrance of the river, leads W
2.18

above bank, is used only by small vessels with local knowl- and N of Kerselea Bank. Vessels can pass either N or S of Bar
edge. Sands.
Dani Point Light is shown from a steel framework structure,
2.17 Tides—Currents.—The flood current entering the Narmada
2.18

26m high, about 2.5 miles SE of the entrance to the Sena River. River flows until about 1 hour after the time of HW, and some-
Gulwala Bank, with depths of less than 11m, extends about
2.17 times attains a velocity of 5 to 6 knots. The ebb sets out strong-
6.3 miles S from a position about 3.5 miles W of the S entrance ly and runs occasionally until 1 hour after the time of LW.
point of the Kim River. There is a drying patch near its N end. During the flood tide there are heavy overfalls on the outer
Between Gulwala Bank and Tena Bank and Outer Bhagva
2.17 edge of the bar.
Sand there are several shoals with depths of less than 5.5m.
The intricate navigation required to pass through the channel E 2.19 The coast between Luhara Point and Ban Creek,
of Gulwala Bank, with its rapid tides, should not be attempted about 4.5 miles N, consists of moderately-high sand hills. Then
without local knowledge. At night, or in a large vessel, it is to the entrance to the Dhadhar River, about 7.5 miles farther
necessary to keep well W of Gulwala Bank. NNE, the coast is low and composed of sand and mud.
The coast between the entrance of the Sena River and Luhara
2.17 Dahej (21°42'N., 72°32'E.) (World Port Index No. 48674)
2.19

Point, about 18 miles N, is low and marshy. It is intersected by and Gandhar, about 3.8 and 15 miles, respectively, NNE of Lu-
several streams and rivers, and is flooded at spring tides from 1 hara Point, are the only large villages near the coast. They both
to 4 miles inland. have conspicuous buildings, which can be seen from a consid-
The Narmada River flows into the Gulf of Cambay, S of Lu-
2.17 erable distance. Dahej is an open roadstead, used for the un-
hara Point, through a wide estuary in which there are extensive loading of bulk fertilizers to barges.
sand banks which dry and are subject to change. The river itself Depths—Limitations.—The GCPTCL Jetty (Offshore Ma-
2.19

also contains many sand banks with channels between them, rine Jetty), a bulk chemical facility, is situated about 2.3 miles
which are mostly shallow and very intricate. NW of Luhara Point.
Alia Bet, low and covered with small scrub, lies in the mid-
2.17 The APDPL Jetty is a T-head jetty situated about 0.5 mile S
2.19

dle of the estuary. of the GCPTCL Jetty.

Mariners should navigate with caution off the S part of the
2.17 The Reliance Dahej Marine Terminal (RDMT) Jetty, a T-
2.19

estuary of the Narmada River, as the depths have changed con- head jetty flanked by mooring dolphins, is situated about 0.7
siderably. mile E of Luhara Point.
Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents on the E side of the
2.17 Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
2.19

Gulf of Cambay set in a NE direction with the flood tide and in Dahej—Berth Information.
a SW direction with the ebb, except when their direction is al- Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all terminals but is not
2.19

tered by the sand banks. required for the fertilizer anchorage. Information on requesting
pilots and the pilot boarding positions for the respective termi-
2.18 Luhara Point (21°39'N., 72°32'E.), the N entrance nals is, as follows:
point of the Narmada River, is the highest ground in the vicini- 1. GCPTCL Jetty (Offshore Marine Jetty)—Vessels
ty; the land is generally low, and consists of sand hills covered should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours, and 6
with trees. The highest sand hill, about 24m high, rises just hours in advance. All vessels are advised to contact GCPL
within Luhara Point. Luhara Point Light, with a racon, is Port Control on VHF channel 16 at least 4 hours and 2 hours
shown from a white tower with red diagonal stripes on the prior to arrival. Reports should also be made for inbound and
point. outbound vessels when crossing the port limits. The pilot
The drying coastal bank extends about 2.5 miles SSW, and
2.18 boards about 1 mile W of the jetty in position 21°41.5’N,
about 1.3 miles W of the point. Bar Sands, which dry, lie close 72°29.5’E.
S of the S edge of the coastal bank, and are marked W by a red 2. APPPL Jetty—Vessels should send their ETA and pi-
conical buoy. lotage request 7 days, 5 days, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24
Bharuch Roads is the roadstead W of the entrance to the
2.18 hours in advance. The pilot boards about 1 mile W of the jet-
Narmada River. The anchorage is unprotected, but the bottom ty.
is good holding ground of sand and mud. At the anchorage the 3. Petronet LNG (North and South) Jetty—The pilot
tidal currents set N with the flood and S with the ebb; the flood boards about 3 miles SW of the jetty head. The vessel’s
runs for about 1 hour after the time of HW. speed must be less than 5 knots when boarding the pilot.
Anchorage in Bharuch Roads can be obtained, in 16.5m,
2.18 4. Reliance Dahej Marine Terminal (RDMT) Jetty—
with the light structure on Luhara Point bearing 024°, distant Vessels should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours,
4.5 miles and the light structure on Piram Island bearing 272°. and 12 hours in advance. The pilot should be requested via
The Narmada River, which is tidal for about 55 miles, can
2.18 the agent. The pilot boards at the entrance of the buoyed
only be navigated by vessels drawing more than 1.8m between channel near Lighted Buoy No. 1 and Lighted Buoy No. 2,

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 53

about 5 miles SW of the jetty. 72°28.5'E in an area centered on position 21°39.1'N, 72°26.7'E
5. Fertilizer anchorage—Requests should be made at if necessary. Anchorage to the E of this area is prohibited.
least 24 hours in advance to the Assistant Port Officer. Vessel Traffic Service.—Dahej is covered by the Gulf of
2.19

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in about 17m of

2.19 Khambhat Vessel Traffic Service. For further information, see
depth, sand, with Luhara Point Light bearing 136°, distant paragraph 2.9.
about 5.25 miles. Contact Information.—See the table titled Dahej—Con-
2.19

LNG vessels should avoid anchoring, but may anchor W of

2.19 tact Information.

Dahej—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Length Draft Beam Size
Adani Petronet Dahej Port Terminal
D01 200m — 260m 14.0m 42.0m 80,000 dwt Coal.
Coal, mineral ore, and breakbulk. Continuous
D02 221m — 260m 12.0m 42.0m 80,000 dwt
berthing length of 276m.
Dahej Harbor Infrastructure Limited (DHIL) Terminal
Birla Chemicals, LPG, coal, copper concentrate,
Cooper 128m — 206m 13.0m — 110,000 dwt breakbulk, metals, and general cargo. Continu-
Jetty ous berthing length of 208m.
Reliance Dahej Marine Terminal (RDMT)
Chemical gases, clean products, LPG, and ro-
Reliance
48m 7.0m 126m 6.5m — 8,000 dwt ro (passengers). Berthing length of 148m (in-
Jetty
cluding dolphins).
Gujarat Chemical Port Terminal
Chemical gases, chemicals, clean products, and
GCPTC 60,000 dwt/
99m 16.0m 215m 14.5m — LPG. Berthing length of 311m (including dol-
L Jetty 75,000t
phins).
Petronet LNG Facility Terminal
LNG. Berthing length of 374m (including dol-
No. 1 40m 16.2m 300m 12.5m 45.0m 90,000 dwt/ phins).
137,000t/
175,000m3 LNG. Berthing length of 387m (including dol-
No. 2 42m 16.2m 300m 12.5m 45.0m
phins).

Dahej—Contact Information Dahej—Contact Information

Port Officer, Gujarat Maritime Board Telephone 91-2641-285-001
91-2642-241-772 Facsimile 91-2641-253-398
Telephone
91-2642-220-377 Web site http://www.adaniports.com
Facsimile 91-2642-243-140 GCPL Terminal
Web site http://www.gmbports.org/dahej-port Call sign GCPL Terminal
APPPL Terminal VHF VHF channels 16 and 77
Call sign Adani Port Control 91-2641-261-017
VHF VHF channels 16 and 73 Telephone 91-2641-261-003
91-968-7695-730 (mobile) 91-9898-042-724 (mobile)
Telephone
91-264-1285-020 E-mail jettycontrolroom@gcptcl.in
marinecontrol.dahej@adani.com Web site http://www.gcptcl.com
E-mail
marinecontrol.dahej@adanipetronet.com Petronet LNG Terminal
APPPL Terminal Operators Call sign Petronet Marine

Pub. 173
54 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Dahej—Contact Information banks and channels in the upper part of the Gulf of Cambay, lo-
cal knowledge is necessary.
VHF VHF channels 16, 67, and 74 Tankari Road, the roadstead off the entrance to the Dhadhar
2.20

91-2641-670-290 River, can be identified by the light structure and pagoda on

Tankari Point. Vessels can anchor with the light structure bear-
Telephone 91-2641-670-265 (Jetty control room) ing 047°, distant about 3.8 miles, and the buildings at Gandhar
91-2641-670-266 (Jetty control room) bearing 086°.
The flood current in Tankari Road continues to run for about
2.20

Port Conservator
1 hour after the time of HW. The greatest velocity of the tidal
91-2642-220-377 currents in the roadstead is 6 knots at spring tides.
Telephone
91-2642-241-772
Head of the Gulf of Cambay
Facsimile 91-2642-243-140
Port Operations 2.21 The coast of the W side of the head of the gulf from
Johnston Point (21°49'N., 72°13'E.) to the entrance of the
91-2641-670-290 (Marine Head, Direct) Bhadar River, about 26 miles NNE, is composed chiefly of
Telephone 91-9662-526-272 (Marine Head, Mobile) mangrove jungle, extending several miles inland. The sand
bank fronting this coast dries and extends from 1 mile to 4
91-9662-526-306 (Duty Officer) miles offshore.
Facsimile 91-2641-300-310 Mal Bank, the S end of which lies about 7.5 miles E of John-
2.21

ston Point, is a large sand bank lying in the middle of the head
E-mail shipping@petronetlng.com of the gulf, and extends about 4 miles N.
Web site http://www.petronetlng.com There are channels on the either side of Mal Bank, each
2.21

about 1 mile wide in the fairway, but local knowledge is neces-

Reliance Dahej Marine Terminal (RDMT) Terminal sary. Malcolm Channel is the W channel.
Call sign RDMT Port Control Khambhat Channel leads NE into the estuary of the Mahi
2.21

VHF VHF channels 14 and 16 River from the N end of Mal Bank. Khambhat (22°18'N.,
72°37'E.), the chief town in the area, lies on the N side of the
Telephone 91-2641-301-563 estuary of the Mahi River.
Facsimile 91-2641-301-563 Storm signals are shown at Khambhat; the Brief System is
2.21

used. Further information on these storm signals may be found

E-mail rdmtportcontrol.gc@ril.com in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
RDMT Port Authority tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Bore Rocks, with depths of less than 1.8m, lie about 6.5 miles
2.21

Telephone 91-2642-241-772 SE of the entrance to the Bhadar River, on the NW side of

Facsimile 91-2641-243-140 Khambhat Channel. They lie on the N entrance of a channel that
leads between the banks at the entrance of the Sabarmati River.
E-mail rdmtportcontrol.gc@ril.com The shores of the Sabarmati River are rather elevated and
2.21

well-cultivated. Sikotar Mata (22°19'N., 72°24'E.) is a pago-

Caution.—Numerous areas of foul ground, best seen on the
2.19
da, 5.8m high, with a flagstaff, on the E entrance point of the
chart, exist between the charted Dahej port limit and Makra Sabarmati River.
Bank. In the upper part of the Gulf of Cambay, the tidal current sets
2.21

Due to continuous shifting of banks and channels, depths in

2.19
NE with the flood into the Mahi River, and SW with the ebb,
the approach and channel to Dahej change frequently. Mariners with a velocity of 4.5 to 6 knots.
are advised not to navigate in the vicinity without local knowl- Tidal bores form near the entrance to the Sabarmati River;
2.21

edge or the assistance of a pilot. one travels up that river while another travels up Khambhat
A drying flat extends from 1 to 3 miles offshore between Lu-
2.19
Channel and the Mahi River. Each sweeps through the chan-
hara Point and the S entrance of the Dhadhar River. The S part nels as a line of disturbed and breaking water, and tends to alter
of this flat is steep-to at its W edge. the configuration of those channels.
In the Mahi River, the bore may be as much as 2.4m high,
2.21

2.20 The Dhadhar River nearly dries about 1.5 miles within and attain a velocity of 10 knots at the highest spring tides. The
the entrance; local knowledge is necessary to enter the river. magnitude of the bore varies with the range of the tide. The
Devjagan Light is shown periodically from a circular stone
2.20
bore is not perceptible at neap tides, but becomes increasingly
column, 13m high, on Tankari Point, the N entrance point of prominent as spring tides approach. The bore preceding the
the Dhadhar River. A pagoda lies about 0.5 mile NW of the higher HW is greater than that preceding the lower of two suc-
light structure. cessive HWs.
Makra Bank, which dries near its center, lies with its SE ex-
2.20
The bore in the Sabarmati River is similar but less pro-
2.21

tremity about 6 miles NW of Luhara Point and about 4 miles nounced.

offshore. The bank is narrow and extends about 10.3 miles N. The flood current commences at a great velocity with the
2.21

Mariners are warned that owing to frequent changes in the

2.20
passage of the bore, then decreases in strength for a time, and

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 55

finally attains its full strength about 45 minutes after the pass- the Ambika River. Kanai Creek Light is shown from a white,
ing of the bore. round, concrete tower with concrete tower with black bands 0.6
mile NW of the N entrance point of the creek.
The Gulf of Cambay to Daman Caution.—A dangerous wreck, with masts showing, is re-
2.22

ported (2006) to lie about 15 miles WNW of the entrance to the

2.22 In the N part of the coast, between Suvali Point Ambika River. A wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 13 miles W
(21°05'N., 72°38'E.) and Daman, is an alluvial belt through of Kanai Creek.
which the Tapi River (Tapti River) forms a deep and fertile del- The Auranga River (20°38'N., 75°53'E.) flows into the sea
2.22

ta. Along the S part of this coast are small hillocks of drifted through Bulsar Khari, a creek. A light is shown on the S en-
sand; the coast in some parts is watered by springs and covered trance point of Bulsar Khari. Hills, about 31m high, are about
with a thick growth of creepers and date palms. Through the 5.5 miles NE of the light structure and about 5 miles inland.
river mouths and inlets the tide runs up behind the sandhills Shoals, with depths of less than 1.8m, lie about 3.5 miles W,
and floods a large area of salt marshes. The rise of the tide ren- and 4.3 miles SW, respectively, of Bulsar Khari. A 5.8m patch
ders these rivers and inlets accessible at HW, but local knowl- lies about 9 miles WSW of Bulsar Khari.
edge is necessary. Anchorage can be taken by large vessels, in 7.3 to 9.1m,
2.22

The Tapi River lies between Suvali Point, previously de-

2.22 about 8.5 miles W of the entrance to Bulsar Khari.
scribed in paragraph 2.17, and the N entrance point of the The Par River flows into the sea through Umarsadi Creek,
2.22

Mindhola River, about 3.5 miles E. The river and its entrance about 6 miles S of Bulsar Khari. Parnera Hill, 184m high with
are encumbered with numerous sand banks, several of which a fort on it, lies about 3.5 miles ENE of the creek entrance. Two
are dry. The river is tidal for 15 miles, and small craft can as- wrecks lies close SW of Umarsadi Creek.
cend the river to Surat, about 14 miles above the entrance. A
vessel of 1.8m draft can only navigate in the river at more than 2.23 Daman (Damoa) (20°25'N., 72°50'E.) lies on both
half-tide. sides of the Damanganga River; it can be identified by the forts
Directions for entering the river cannot be given, as the sands
2.22 on either side of the river entrance and by two square steeples
and channels are continually changing; the navigable channel and its white buildings. Other landmarks are a 109m hill, with
can only be pointed out by local pilots. The bar dries, but there a Mohammedan place of prayer, on its summit, about 2.8 miles
is a spring rise of about 6.1m, and off the city of Surat there is a NE of the river entrance; Indraged Hill, 108m high, with a fort
pool with depths of from 3.7 to 5.5m. in ruins on its summit, about 3.3 miles SSE of the river en-
Magdala is a lighterage port 5 miles within the Tapi River on
2.22 trance; and Jogmari Hill, 231m high, about 2 miles farther
the S bank, with a 107m long wharf. SSE.
Storm signals are shown at Magdala; the Brief System is
2.22 Daman Light is shown from a white masonry tower on the
2.23

used. Further information on these storm signals may be found bastion of the fort on the S side of the entrance.
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- The bar at the mouth of the Damanganga River is flat, mostly
2.23

tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” hard sand, except N of the N point of the river entrance, where
Surat lies in a bend on the E bank of the river and extends
2.22 the rocky ground projects some distance offshore; the bar has
about 1.5 miles along the river front. A splendid girder bridge 0.3m or less over it.
spans the river at the city. Vessels not exceeding 500 gt sometimes enter the river at
2.23

Surat Roads is the name given to the anchorage off the en-
2.22 HW in fine weather and moor abreast the forts, where there
trance of the Tapi River, about 2 miles SW of Suvali Point. were depths of 4.1 to 5.2m, soft mud. Local knowledge is nec-
Tides—Currents.—The flood current sets N and continues
2.22 essary.
to run for 1 hour after the time of HW. At the outer anchorage, Anchorage can be taken, in 9m, about 4.5 miles W of the riv-
2.23

during springs, the tidal currents are very strong, especially the er entrance.
ebb, which sets S at a velocity of 4 to 5 knots; nearer the bar
the tidal currents are weaker. The tide frequently falls more Daman to Bassein Creek
than 1.8m before the tidal current turns S.
Directions.—Vessels bound for Surat Roads from the S
2.22 2.24 The coast between Daman and Vadhavan Point, about
should, from abreast Daman, set course for the roads, keeping 30 miles SSW, is bordered by extensive reefs and foul ground
in depths of 9.1 to 18.3m. extending up to 4 miles offshore. Vessels should not approach
Between the Mindhola River and the Purna River, about 9
2.22 this coast in depths of less than 18.3m when navigating in the
miles SSE, there is a low sandy plain with some scattered pal- vicinity.
myra trees. A black beacon, 14m high with white bands, lies on Between Daman and Umargam, about 13 miles SSW, the
2.24

the N entrance point of the Purna River. coast is low, fringed with bushes, and backed by several con-
Wasi Borsi Light is shown from a white, square, concrete
2.22 spicuous hills. Indraged Hill and Jogmari Hill were previously
tower with red bands 0.6 mile NNW of the entrance point of described with Daman in paragraph 2.23. Phar, 148m high, is
the Purna River. conspicuous about 7 miles S of Daman. Patia Hill, 98m high,
A tomb, with a white dome about 3.5 miles farther SE, is
2.22 lies about 3.3 miles SW of Dhodi Phar.
conspicuous among the dark green trees, especially when seen A light is periodically shown from a white framework tower,
2.24

from the SW. 11m high, at Maroli, about 6 miles N of Umargam.

The entrance to the Ambika River lies about 10.5 miles SSE
2.22 Umargam (Umbargaon) (20°12'N., 72°45'E.), a small town
2.24

of the Purna River. Kanai Creek lies just N of the entrance to with a ruined tower, lies on the S side of the entrance of the

Pub. 173
56 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Varoli River. about 1 mile W of the island. Arnala Island has been reported
Umargam Light, with a racon, is shown from a white con-
2.24 to give good radar returns at 27 miles.
crete tower with red bands, close SSW of the ruined tower. Arnala Light is shown from a white framework tower on the
2.26

Storm signals are shown at Maroli and Umargam; the Brief

2.24 coast, abreast the S end of Arnala Island.
System is used. Further information on these storm signals Agashi Bay, entered N of Arnala Island, is very shallow, en-
2.26

may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) cumbered by shoals, and can only be navigated by a small ves-
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig- sel at about the time of HW.
nals.” The coast between the low point abreast Arnala Island and
2.26

A partially-wooded range, the summits of which are con-

2.24 the N entrance of Bassein Creek, about 8 miles SSE, is very
spicuous from seaward, lies from 7 to 12 miles inland, between low; shoal water, with depths of less than 5m, extends about 2
Umargam and Mahim, about 34 miles S. High Land of St. miles offshore.
John, a rounded mountain 540m high, is about 9 miles SSE of
Umargam. Mahalakshmi, 458m in height, about 9.5 miles SE Bassein Creek to Mumbai (Bombay)
of the High Land of St. John has a pointed summit and slopes
gradually N and S from its center. Kaldurg Fort, about 6 miles 2.27 Dongri Point (19°18'N., 72°48'E.), the S entrance
NE of Mahim, is 468m high and resembles a castle when seen point of Bassein Creek, is a bluff point as seen from seaward. It
from NW. rises to an elevation of 94m about 0.5 mile S of the point, and
The coast between Umargam and Gulur Point, about 8 miles
2.24 then slopes gradually to level country about 2 miles farther S.
S, is low and sandy. The latter point is low and covered with A light is shown from about mid-September to mid-June.
2.27

coconut trees. A detached 9.4m rocky patch lies 6.5 miles off- Poshpir, a rocky islet 13m high, lies about 3 miles NW of
2.27

shore, 6 miles NW of Gulur Point. Dongri Point.

Dahanu (19°59'N., 72°43'E.) is a village on the N side of the
2.24 Drying rocks extend about 2 miles WNW of the same point.
2.27

entrance of Khondha Creek. Maharashtra Maritime Board is When there is no wind the sea does not break on the drying
considering this very small port for future development. An- rocks and the sand banks in the entrance to Bassein Creek, and
chorage is available in depths of 3.6m. The Dahanu Thermal there are no indications of their existence.
Power Station (DTPS) consists of an 83m-long coal quay. Depths of less than 5m extend about 3.5 miles W of the en-
2.27

Vadhavan Point, about 4 miles farther SW, is low and cov-

2.24 trance to Bassein Creek.
ered with mangrove bushes. Foul ground extends nearly 2 North of Bassein Creek there are several landmarks conspicu-
2.27

miles W and about 2.8 miles SSW of the point. ous from seaward. Girij Hill, a small round hill 53m high, lies
about 4.5 miles N of Dongri Point, and about 2 miles inland. Ka-
2.25 Tarapur Point (19°50'N., 72°39'E.) is bordered by mandurg, about 9 miles E of Girij Hill, is conical and 652m high.
foul ground extending about 0.8 mile W; a narrow reef extends This mountain, with the high land of Salsette Island to S, cannot
about 2.8 miles NNW from the N extremity of the point. A be mistaken by a vessel N of Mumbai (Bombay).
light is shown from a white square masonry tower, 23m high The conspicuous plateau of Tungar, about 2 miles long in a
2.27

with black bands, on the N extremity of the point. N-S direction, and attaining an elevation of 662m, is located
Tarapur Harbor, formed by the barrier reefs extending SSW
2.25 about 4 miles NNW of Kamandurg.
from Vadhavan Point and NNW from Tarapur Point, is only ac- Bassein Creek, entered between Dongri Point and a point
2.27

cessible to small coastal vessels. about 1 mile NNE, is a tortuous stream which can be navigated
The coast between Tarapur Point and Satpati, about 7.5 miles
2.25 only by small vessels with local knowledge and a draft of not
S, is low, rocky, and densely wooded. Vessels should not pro- more than 3.7m. The entrance of the creek is always difficult
ceed into depths of less than 14.6m off this part of the coast. except at slack water, as both flood and ebb current set across
A light is shown at Satpati and at Nawapur, about 3.5 miles
2.25 the channel. The sea breaks heavily across the entrance during
N. Storm signals are shown at Nawapur; the Brief System is the Southwest Monsoon.
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found Tides—Currents.—Currents in Bassein Creek attain a ve-
2.27

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- locity of 3 knots at springs, but about 5 miles above the en-
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” trance they decreases to 1.5 and 2 knots. In the creek the tidal
The village of Mahim (19°39'N., 72°43'E.) lies on the coast,
2.25 currents continue to set about 1 hour after the times of HW and
about 5 miles SSE of Satpati. Kelve, about 2 miles farther S, LW. Slack water lasts for about 15 to 25 minutes.
lies on the N side of the entrance of Danda Creek. A small de- Vasai lies about 0.5 mile inland on the N side of the creek. A
2.27

tached rock, with a fort on it, lies just off the entrance of the fort, with the citadel near the middle, lies S of Bassein near the
creek. A light is shown at Kelve. landing place.
A detached 5.5m patch lies about 4 miles WSW of Mahim.
2.25 Storm signals are shown at Vasai; the Brief System is used.
2.27

Drying reefs extend about 2 miles off this part of the coast. Further information on these storm signals may be found in
Ussapur Rock, 16m high, lies on the coastal reef about 4
2.25 Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic
miles S of Kelve, and about 0.5 mile offshore. Drying rocks ex- Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
tend about 1 mile W of the rock. The village of Dongri lies on the S side of the creek, about 1
2.27

mile SSE of Dongri Point.

2.26 Arnala Island (19°28'N., 72°44'E.), 4m high with a
fort on it, lies about 0.5 mile offshore, and is fringed by rocks 2.28 Panju Island (19°20'N., 72°51'E.) is connected to the
on all sides. Shoal water, with depths of less than 5m, extends mainland N and S by an iron railroad bridge; the island is low

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 57

and swampy. Uarashi. Some rocks, one of which is awash, lie about 0.8 mile
Salsette Island lies between Bassein Creek and Mumbai
2.28 NW of the S end of the reef.
(Bombay). The mountain range on the island has several con- Shoals, with a least depth of 4.6m and 4m, lie about 1.5
2.29

spicuous peaks; the central and highest, Kanheri (19°13'N., miles W and NW, respectively, of Bandra Point, the S extremi-
72°55'E.), 462m high, lies about 9.5 miles SE of Dongri Point. ty of Salsette Island.
From the W, Kanheri appears to have a flat summit. Shendur, The coast between Worli Point, the NW extremity of Bom-
2.29

about 3 miles NNE of Kanheri and the N peak of the island, is bay Island, and Malabar Point, about 5.3 miles SSW, is fringed
a sharp detached peak, 459m high. by drying reefs and shoal water, with depths of less than 5.5m
An aviation light is shown from a 27m tower near the S end
2.28 extending up to 1 mile offshore in the N part and about 0.5 mile
of Salsette Island. off the S part.
The W side of Salsette Island is fronted by islands and islets,
2.28 A conspicuous TV tower lies at an elevation of 305m, 1.5
2.29

which are separated from it by creeks and drying flats. Foul miles SSE of Worli Point.
ground extends about 1.5 miles W from these islands and is-
lets. Mumbai (Bombay) (18°58'N., 72°52'E.)
Dharavi Island, the N and largest of the islands facing Sal-
2.28

sette Island, extends from Dongri Point to Manori Point, about World Port Index No. 48840
7 miles S. The latter point is a bluff of dark bare rock, 30m
high. 2.30 The city of Mumbai (Bombay), on Mumbai Island
Utan Light is shown from a black and white square tower,
2.28 (Bombay Island), is the largest city of India and the principal
15m high, on a salient point about 2 miles SSE of Dongri seaport on its W coast. Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) lies
Point. between Mumbai Island (Bombay Island) and Trombay Island
Storm signals are shown at Utan; the Brief System is used.
2.28 to W and N, and Karanja Island and the mainland to E and S. It
Further information on these storm signals may be found in is the only natural deep-water port on the W coast of India. The
Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic harbor contains several islands, rocks, and shoals, with numer-
Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” ous bays and inlets indenting its shores.
Gorai Rock, a conspicuous sharp black pinnacle, 30m high,
2.28

about 3.3 miles NNE of Manori Point, and about 1.5 miles in- Port Authority of Mumbai (Bombay)
land, forms a good landmark. A temple, with a white dome,
lies on the N summit of a round hill, 35m high, about 2.8 miles http://www.mumbaiport.gov.in
E of Gorai Rock; the dome is conspicuous from seaward.
High Rock, a sharp pinnacle, 9m high, about 2 miles SW of
2.28

Dongri Point, lies on a drying reef. Outer Islet, 4m and com- Jawahar Lal Nehru Port
posed of sand, lies at the S end of this drying reef, about 1 mile http://www.jnport.gov.in
S of High Rock.
Green Islet, from 0.9 to 1.2m high, covered with short green
2.28

The direction and management of the port, including pilot-

scrub and surrounded by a ledge of rocks, lies about 3 miles
2.30

NNW of Manori Point and about 0.8 mile offshore. Marva Is- age, berthing, docking, and wharves, are administered by the
land, low and covered with palm trees, lies close E of Manori Mumbai Port Trust. The daily operations of the port are carried
out by the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
Point. Reefs extend about 0.5 mile W of Madh Island.
The facilities of the port are mainly on the E side of Mumbai
2.30

2.29 Ambu Islet (19°08'N., 72°47'E.), at the SW edge of Island (Bombay Island). There are also tanker terminals at Pir
Pau (Trombay Island) and at Butcher Island.
the reefs, is low, covered with palms, and has an old watchtow-
er on it. Mehti Khada, a small rock, 4.3m high and steep-to on Precautionary areas have been established for vessels enter-
2.30

its W side, lies about 0.5 mile W of Ambu Islet. ing or departing the Naval Dockyard, Indira Dock, Butcher Is-
land Oil Jetty and Jawahar Lal Nehru (Nhava-Sheva) Port
Madh Island, about 36m high and well-cultivated with coco-
2.29

where they are likely to cross the main approach channel.

nut and fruit trees, lies close S of Marva Island. There are some
ruins on its summit; a fort in ruins stands on its SE point.
Harvey Patches (Hervey Patches), with a depth of 1.8m,
2.29
Winds—Weather
about 1 mile S of Madh Island, are marked N by a buoy from
October to May. The sea always breaks over Harvey Patches. A Visibility may be reduced by heavy rain during the South-
2.30

west Monsoon. A smoky haze frequently hangs over the area

dangerous wreck lies about 4.5 miles W of Harvey Patches and
is marked close W by a lighted buoy. Several submarine cables, from November to March, mostly during the early morning and
best seen on the chart, lie in the vicinity of Harvey Patches ex- occasionally in the evening.
tending seaward to the SW.
Juhu Island, with its S extremity about 4 miles SE of Ambu
2.29
Tides—Currents
Islet, has a sandy coast and is covered with coconut and date
palms. Andheri Hill, 61m high, isolated and bare, lies about 1 The tidal rise for Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) is 4.4m
2.30

mile E of the N end of Juhu Island. at MHWS and 3.3m at MHWN.

The velocity and direction of the tidal currents in the ap-
Uarashi, a reef, lies about 1 mile W of the S end of Juhu Is-
2.30

2.29

proaches to Mumbai (Bombay) are generally as described below,

land. A light is shown from October to May on the S end of

Pub. 173
58 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

but they are greatly influenced by winds and heavy rains. time of HW at Mumbai. This is important for vessels docking.
The tide does not set fairly through the channel, but the flood
2.30 The ebb current sets SSW from abeam Cross Island until
2.30

sweeps E over the foul ground of Thal Shoal (18°48'N., passing between Middle Ground Island and South Breakwater,
72°50'E.). During rains in the Southwest Monsoon the ebb sets whereas the ebb sets more S to SSW across the dredged chan-
strongly W out of Dharamtar Creek. nel and waters E of Middle Ground Island.
The velocity of strong spring tides between Thal Shoal and
2.30 From Middle Ground Island to Sunk Rock, the ebb current
2.30

Prongs Reef (18°53'N., 72°48'E.) is from 2.5 to 3 knots and sets between S and SSW, but at the start of the ebb the set is
perhaps as much as 4 knots during the rains. more W flowing.
Between Thal Shoal and a position about 4 miles WNW, the
2.30 The flood current in the vicinity of the tidal basin and wet
2.30

flood current sets between ESE and ENE, resulting in a more N docks runs parallel to the South Breakwater, then ENE past the
direction as the velocity increases. In East Channel Swatch, E entrance to the tidal basin, joining the main flood current set-
of Thal Shoal, it sets about NNE, taking a more E direction as ting N passing E of Middle Ground Island.
it crosses the mouth of Dharamtar Creek. An eddy current flows S along the E side of Ballard Pier,
2.30

Off the SW extremity of Prongs Reef, the flood current at

2.30 then turns W into the tidal basin. This eddy current also flows
first sets ESE and, as the velocity increases, shifts to the NE. close E to the head of South Breakwater before turning SW
East of Prongs Reef, as far as Sunk Rock, it sets between NNE alongside the breakwater. The effects of this eddy have been
and NE. observed up to 100m E of the SE extension of Ballard Pier.
On the S side of the harbor entrance the ebb current starts
2.30 Both the flood and eddy currents run strongly past the head of
setting WSW across the mouth of Dharamtar Creek, changing the South Breakwater, causing ships to sheer violently in this
to SSW upon the vessel’s approach to Thal Shoal, then more S area.
as a vessel continues S.
From Thal Shoal extending WNW across the dredged ap-
2.30
Depths—Limitations
proach channel to a position about 4 miles away, the current
sets about SW. Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) is approached through a
2.30

On the N side of the harbor entrance, the current ebbs SW

2.30 series of dredged channels commencing about 4 miles SW of
going from Sunk Rock until passing abeam Prongs Light, Prongs Reef Light. The initial depth is dredged to 11.1m for
where it changes to W, then becoming SSW as the tide about 2 miles, then to 11m for about another 2 miles, continuing
strengthens. into the harbor entrance to a point about 1.3 miles ENE of Mid-
The velocity and direction of the tidal currents within Mumbai
2.30 dle Ground Island, then to 13.7m until the main channel, marked
Harbor (Bombay Harbor) are generally as described below, but by range lights in line bearing 085°. The main channel continues
can also be greatly influenced by winds and heavy rains. S then SE of Elephanta Island, then passing NE of Jawahar Lal
Tidal currents within Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor)
2.30 Nehru Port, and has a maintained depth of 12.9m. At the point
have velocities that range between 0.75 knot and 3 knots. where the main channel starts is another dredged channel, with
On the E side of the harbor, the flood current sets NE abeam
2.30 range lights in line bearing 202.7°, continuing NNE between
Karanja Island, turning more ENE upon passing Karanja Bea- Butcher Island and Elephanta Island, to about 18°58'N, then with
con. The current sets N between Butcher Island and Elephanta a depth of 8.7m into Trombay Channel.
Island, then NE approaching Trombay Island. Mariners should navigate with caution through these main-
2.30

On the W side of the harbor, from Sunk Rock to Cross Is-

2.30 tained channels since they are subject to silting, especially
land, the flood current sets NNE, with a velocity of about 2 during times of strong monsoon winds. For latest information
knots. The flood current splits N of Tucker Beacon (18°58'N., concerning maintained depths of these channels, mariners
72°51'E.), setting N until abeam Mazagaon Pier, then turning should contact the Mumbai Port Authority.
NE and ENE, joining the current from the E side of the harbor The maximum drafts for alongside berths are subject to
2.30

N of Butcher Island. change due to siltation and dredging. The Port Authority at
On the E side of the harbor, the ebb current sets SW in the
2.30 Mumbai should be contacted to determine the maximum al-
channel between Butcher Island and Elephanta Island, continu- lowable draft at any specific time, as well as any possible re-
ing out of the harbor past Karanja Island, then turning WSW strictions on berthing or departures during night hours.
upon passing abeam the entrance Dharamtar Creek. Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
2.30

On the W side of the harbor, from Cross Island to inside

2.30 Mumbai (Bombay)—Berth Information.
Middle Ground Islet, the ebb current sets SSW, and then to Jawahar Lal Nehru Port (Nhava-Sheva) (18°57'N.,
2.30

Sunk Rock in a SW direction. From Cross Island to E of Mid- 72°57'E.) (World Port Index No. 48845) is a separate port in
dle Ground Islet, in mid-channel, the ebb current sets from SW the E part of Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) on the main-
to SSW; from there to Sunk Rock it sets SW, but at the first of land SE of Elephanta Island. The facility is administered by a
the ebb the set is more W. separate port authority from Mumbai (Bombay). The port
The ebb current on the W side of the harbor occurs 30 to 35
2.30 dredged its channel to 14m (2014) and provides container
minutes earlier than on the E side, and during strong spring berths, bulk cargo berths, and bulk liquid berths accommodat-
tides it can begin 40 minutes to 1 hour sooner. ing vessels to 80,000 dwt, a ship repair yard, and a linkspan for
From Trombay Island until passing abeam Mazagaon Pier
2.30 ro-ro traffic. New dredged areas, with depths of 13.1 and
the current ebbs SW. 16.2m, lead to a recently-completed container berth (2017) at
Inshore and near the Indira Dock wall, during the Southwest
2.30 Jawahar Lal Nehru Port. Consult the local authorities for fur-
Monsoon, the ebb current occurs about 45 minutes before the ther details. Detailed berth information can be found in the ac-

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 59

companying table titled Jawahar Lal Nehru—Berth merous derricks, oil production platforms, wells, SPM, and
Information. other obstructions impede safe navigation of the area.
Offshore Oil Development Areas.—An extensive area of
2.30 Indian authorities have established recommended routes to
2.30

producing oil fields and exploration areas lies off the Indian aid traffic transiting the area, or bound for the port of Mumbai
coast and the approaches to the port of Mumbai (Bombay). Nu- (Bombay), which may be seen on the appropriate chart.

Mumbai (Bombay)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Indira Inner Dock
No. 1 180m 9.1m 183m 8.8m 32.2m 51,383dwt Containers, breakbulk, and bunkers.
No. 2 158m — 181m 8.8m 27.4m 31,798dwt
No. 3 158m — 181m 8.8m 27.2m 29,517dwt
Containers, ro-ro/lo-lo, breakbulk, bunkers,
No. 4 158m — 175m 8.8m 27.2m 28,572dwt general cargo, and ship repair. Continuous
berthing length of 790m.
No. 5 158m — 78m 8.8m 78.7m 3,093dwt
No. 6 158m — 175m 8.8m 24.3m 5,825dwt
No. 7 152m — 183m 8.8m 32.2m 51,383dwt
Project/heavy, breakbulk, bunkers, and ship
No. 8 152m — 131m 8.8m 17.2m 1,512dwt
repair. Continuous berthing length of 456m.
No. 9 152m — 183m 8.8m 32.2m 51,383dwt
No. 10 152m — 138m 8.8m 21.0m 12,708dwt
No. 11 152m 9.1m 183m 8.8m 32.2m 51,383dwt
Others, breakbulk, and bunkers. Continuous
No. 12 152m — 176m 8.8m 27.0m 30,848dwt
berthing length of 816m.
No.12A 180m — 169m 8.8m 27.2m 28,249dwt
No.12B 180m — 161m 8.8m 27.2m 28,249dwt
No. 13 158m 9.1m 183m 8.8m 32.2m 51,383dwt
No.13A 180m 9.1m 170m 8.8m 27.4m 33,552dwt
No.13B 180m 9.1m 183m 8.8m 32.2m 51,383dwt
Others, breakbulk, bulk cargo, and bunkers.
No. 14 158m 9.1m 231m 8.8m 32.2m 51,383dwt
Continuous berthing length of 1,150m.
No. 15 158m 9.1m 176m 8.8m 27.4m 32,259dwt
No. 16 158m 9.1m 181m 8.8m 27.4m 30,848dwt
No. 17 158m 9.1m 151m 8.8m 20.4m 9,359dwt
Clean products, dirty products, project/heavy,
J/E 130m — 183m 8.8m 32.2m 51,383dwt
multipurpose, and bunkers.
Indira Outer Dock
No. 18 183m 7.5m 200m — 40.0m 64,043dwt
No. 19 168m 7.5m 229m — 32.2m 81,895dwt Others, breakbulk, and bunkers. Continuous
No. 20 168m 7.5m 200m — 40.0m 63,993dwt berthing length of 687m.
No. 21 168m 7.5m 199m — 32.2m 63,666dwt
No. 22/23 431m 9.4m 145m — 18.2m 11,149dwt Bunkers.
Jawahar Dweep Marine Oil Terminal
Clean products, dirty products, crude, and
JD-1 39m — 250m 11.2m 45.0m 119,456dwt bunkers. Berthing length of 270m (including
dolphins).

Pub. 173
60 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Mumbai (Bombay)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Clean products, dirty products, and bunkers.
JD-2 37m — 237m 11.2m 39.6m 74,665dwt
Berthing length of 244m (including dolphins).
Clean products, dirty products, and bunkers.
JD-3 37m — 240m 11.2m 42.0m 99,999dwt
Berthing length of 266m (including dolphins).
Clean products, crude, and bunkers. Berthing
JD-4 45m 14.0m 300m 12.2m 53.0m 166,447dwt
length of 493m (including dolphins).
321,137dwt Crude. Berthing length of 462m (including
JD-5 — — 333m — 60.0m
dolphins).
Pir Pau
Old 175m — 183m 6.4m 32.2m 51,383dwt Clean products, bunkers, and chemicals.
Chemicals, bunkers, and LPG. Berthing length
New 1 56m — 197m 12.0m 36.0m 53,160dwt
of 260m (including dolphins).
Chemical, LPG, and bunkers. Berthing length
New 2 70m 13.0m 230m — 37.2m 74,999dwt
of 260m (including dolphins).
Cruise Terminal
Ballard
Cruise vessels, breakbulk, bunkers, and bulk
Pier Ex- 244m 10.4m 294m 9.7m 36.5m 80,839dwt
cargo. Continuous berthing length of 488m.
tension
Ballard
Others, cruise, breakbulk, bunkers, and bulk
Pier Sta- 244m 9.6m 325m 9.5m 41.4m 80,874dwt
cargo. Continuous berthing length of 488m.
tion
Ferry Terminal
Ferry Jetty 148m — 183m 3.2m 32.2m 45,999dwt Fast ferries and bunkers.
Offshore Container Terminal (OCT)
No. 1 350m — 347m — 41.4m 66,684dwt Ro-ro cargo, vehicles, and containers. Contin-
No. 2 350m — 347m — 41.4m 63,475dwt uous berthing length of 700m.

Jawahar Lal Nehru—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Size
Bharat Mumbai Container Terminal (BMCT)
Containers. Continuous berthing length of
Phase 1 — — 370m 16.5m 165,991 dwt
1,000m.
Gateway Terminals (India) Pvt. Ltd.
GT1 375m 16.5m 370m 15.0m 123,205dwt Containers, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
GT2 337m 16.5m 370m 15.0m 131,095dwt berthing length of 712m.
Jawaharlal Nehru (JNPT) Container Terminal
CB1 226m 16.5m 370m 15.0m 116,079dwt
Containers, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
CB2 226m 16.5m 370m 15.0m 116,079dwt
berthing length of 680m.
CB3 226m 16.5m 370m 15.0m 103,772dwt
51,383 dwt/ Clean products, cement, fertilizer, containers,
SB01-02 445m 11.0m 183m 10.0m
30,000t bunkers, and breakbulk. Three berths.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 61

Jawahar Lal Nehru—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Size
Nhava-Sheva International Container Terminal
CB4 150m 16.5m 370m 15.0m 117,310 dwt
Containers, bunkers, and reefer. Continuous
CB5 450m 16.5m 370m 15.0m 120,892 dwt
berthing length of 930m.
CB6 330m 16.5m 370m 15.0m 165,991 dwt
ONGC Service Berths
Service Bunkers, crude, multipurpose, offshore sup-
350m 7.4m 274m — 159,040 dwt
Berth port vessels, and anchor handling tugs.
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd (BPCL)
LB01 115,502dwt/ Clean products, crude, dirty products, bun-
300m 16.5m 330m 15.0m
(Outer) 120,000t kers, and LPG. BPCL consigned vessels only.
53,520dwt/ Clean products, crude, bunkers, and LPG. BP-
LB02 (Inner) 280m 12.0m 185m 10.5m
45,000t CL consigned vessels only.

Vessels are advised not to approach within 2.5 miles of pro-

2.30 of Bassein Oil Field Area with a gas pipeline branching 115
duction platforms, and are prohibited from passing within miles NNE to Danti at the Mindhola River (21°04'N.,
500m of any installation or structure. 72°43'E.).
Submarine oil and gas pipelines have been established from
2.30 3. Neelam Heera and Ratna Oil Field Development
some producing fields to the entrance of Mumbai Harbor Area.—This area is situated with its center about 40 miles
(Bombay Harbor). Vessels should exercise caution when navi- SW of the entrance to Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor)
gating in this vicinity. The area extends 14 miles in an E-W direction and 40 miles
Well heads exist in position 19°20'N, 72°03'E and in position
2.30 in a N-S direction.
19°44'N, 72°01'E about 53 and 70 miles NW of the entrance to A circular lightering area, best seen on the chart, is located
2.30

Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor). For further information about 22 miles W of Malabar Point. All vessels are advised to
consult Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 6 and
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. to give the area a wide berth. It has been reported (2007) that
Transshipment of petroleum products is carried out from
2.30 lighterage operations are not conducted in this location during
large storage tankers moored in the vicinity of position the Southwest Monsoon, but are transferred to Vadinar
18°53'N, 72°26'E. (22°31'N., 69°42'E.); for further information see paragraph
Any vessel in difficulty within 50 miles of any production
2.30 1.22.
platform or rig and likely to drift towards platforms or rigs Direction Bank, with its N end about 39 miles WSW of the
2.30

should contact Mumbai (Bombay) Radio and stand-by offshore SE entrance point of Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor), ex-
supply vessels on VHF channel 16 for assistance. tends about 27 miles in a S direction, and has depths of 37 to
The established development areas are, as follows:
2.30 64m, coarse sand and small shells. East of this bank, the depths
1. Mumbai High (formerly known as Bombay High) decrease gradually from about 55m, off its E edge, towards the
Oil Field Development Area.—This area is situated with its coast.
center about 90 miles WNW of the entrance to Mumbai Har- Vessels approaching Mumbai (Bombay) from the N of Di-
2.30

bor (Bombay Harbor). The area extends 25 miles in an E-W rection Bank will run a considerable distance before the depths
direction and 47 miles in a N-S direction and contains nu- will decrease from 73m to 55m, but the depths will then de-
merous production platforms within. Three lighted tanker crease rapidly to 37m, which depth is found about 15 miles W
mooring buoys are situated close together in the N part of the of Khanderi Island (18°42'N., 72°49'E.) or the light structure
area. Flares are lit from this vicinity. Another lighted tanker on Prongs Reef, about 10.5 miles farther N.
mooring buoy is situated 10 miles SSE of the above buoys. A vessel approaching this bank from the W will pass over Fifty
2.30

Oil and gas pipelines are laid ESE from the center of the oil- Fathoms Flat, then gradually shoal to depths of 73m, and then sud-
field to Mumbai (Bombay). denly to 55 and 42m over Direction Bank. After crossing the bank
2. Mukta-Panna and Bassein Oil Field Development the depths will again increase to more than 55m over the greater
Area.—This area is situated with its center 50 miles NW of part of the bank, and to about 50m at its S end.
the entrance to Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor). The area Approaching Mumbai (Bombay) from the SW, if the vessel is
2.30

extends 21 miles in a E-W direction and 33 miles in a N-S S of Direction Bank, the depths will decrease rapidly from 73m
direction. Submarine oil and gas pipelines from Mumbai to 55m, and continue between 55 and 37m for some distance un-
(Bombay) High Oil Field are laid passing through the center til the latter depth is obtained about 17 miles offshore.

Pub. 173
62 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Aspect marked by a lighted beacon, 20m high, lies about 2.3 miles
NNE of Thal Knob.
In clear weather, the high peak of Malangarh (19°06'N.,
2.30 Karanja (Great Karanja), 302m high, is a long and flat-topped
2.30

73°11'E.), 789m high, is conspicuous in the offing. On the hill at the S end of Karanja Island, about 2.8 miles ENE of Gull Is-
summit of this peak is an enormous perpendicular cliff, topped let. The S side of this hill is steep and almost inaccessible, but the
by a fort in ruins. N side slopes gradually from its base to a peak on which there is a
On nearer approach Kanheri and Shendur, on Salsette Island
2.30 ruin. A conspicuous flare chimney lies at the SE end of the island;
on the N side of the harbor, and Kankeshwar and the Saga- a conspicuous tower lies on the SW slope of Kharavli, a 214m hill
ragarh Range, on the S of the harbor, can be seen. Kanheri and near the NW extremity of the island.
Shendur were previously described with Salsette Island in Kharavli, 212m high at the N end of Karanja Island, about
2.30

paragraph 2.28. 2.8 miles NNW of Karanja, is formed by the junction of 4 ridg-
Kankeshwar, a mountain 384m high, lies about 26 miles SW
2.30 es and has a very sharp summit.
of Malangarh. It is separated by a valley from a thickly-wood- Fifty Fathoms Flat, lying between 60 and 120 miles W of
2.30

ed range of hills which extends along the SE side of the en- Mumbai (Bombay), is an extensive bank with depths of 47 to
trance of Mumbai (Bombay) Harbor. 92m, fine sand, although a muddy bottom has occasionally
been found between this bank and Direction Bank. A lighted
platform and an FPSO are located on the bank in the vicinity of
position 18°35'N, 71°02'E. Another FPSO, best seen on the
chart, lies W of the Bombay High Oilfield Development Area
in approximate position 19°10.6'N, 70°56.7'E.
Mumbai (Bombay) Island consists of a low-lying plain,
2.30

flanked by two parallel ridges of low hills. The city consists

generally of well-built houses and broad streets, with many
fine public buildings. The most conspicuous of these is the Taj
Mahal Hotel, surmounted by a dome 70m high, about 2 miles
NE of Colaba Point. Among the conspicuous buildings in the
densely built tract known as The Fort, W of Indira Dock, are
the cathedral and the municipal buildings, the tower of which is
71m high. Another tower, with a white dome 53m high, lies
about 1 mile farther N.
A clock tower, 85m high, about 0.5 mile NNW of the Taj
2.30

Mahal Hotel, is conspicuous among the prominent buildings on

the esplanade on the E shore of Back Bay.
A conspicuous chimney, 54m high, and the spire of St.
2.30

John’s Church, 55m high, lie on the Colaba Peninsula, about

0.7 mile SSW, and 1.3 miles SW, respectively, of Taj Mahal
Hotel. The Naval signal station, with a flagstaff, is prominent
near the root of the S breakwater.
Khanderi Island (Khanhoji Angre Island) (18°42'N.,
2.30

72°49'E.), S of the harbor entrance and about 2.5 miles off-

shore, has two hills, on the S and higher of which lies the light-
house with a flagstaff NE of it. The island, sparsely covered
with trees and scrub, is surrounded by the remains of a wall. A
rock, drying 3.8m, lies 0.2 mile NE of Khanderi Island. Range
Sunk Rock Light lights are shown on the E side of Khanderi Island, 1.3 miles NE
of the light; when in line bearing 168° they lead W of the dry-
Thal Knob, 54m high with a conspicuous white beacon, 18m
2.30
ing rock and to the landing place.
high on its summit, lies about 4.3 miles NW of Kankeshwar. A An area of numerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lies SW
2.30

new breakwater (2020) lies close N off Thal Knob. False Knob, of Prongs Reef.
about 0.5 mile SSW of Thal Knob, is similar in appearance, but Colaba Point (18°54'N., 72°49'E.) is the S extremity of the
2.30

somewhat lower. In thick weather these hills, being detached Colaba Peninsula, a narrow peninsula extending SW from
from the more distant highland, stand out well among the coco- Mumbai (Bombay) Island. The peninsula is covered with
nut trees. buildings which continue N in an unbroken line and connect
Ashuera Hill, 243m high, about 3.5 miles ESE of Thal Knob,
2.30
with the more thickly-settled part of the city. A spoil ground
has two hummocks named The Paps. A black beacon, 24m lies 4 miles WSW of Colaba Point.
high, lies on North Pap. Prongs Reef, which dries, extends about 1 mile SSW from
2.30

Sheva Beacon lies on a drying reef at the S end of the port.

2.30
Colaba Point. Prongs Reef Light (18°53'N., 72°48'E.), a
Nhava Island (18°58'N., 72°57'E.) lies close E of N breakwa- prominent visual navigation aid, is shown from a round tower,
ter head. 52.5m high, painted in red, white and black horizontal bands
Gull Island (Kansa Rock) (18°50'N., 72°54'E.), 6m high and
2.30
near the S end of Prongs Reef. Foul ground extends about 1

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 63

mile SW, SE, and E of the light structure. The light structure is bank, with depths of less than 5.5m.
reported to be a good radar target at 17 miles. A dangerous Tucker Beacon, about 1.8 miles ENE of Middle Ground Is-
2.30

wreck, with masts above water, is situated 5.5 miles SW of let, marks the S edge of the bank. The beacon is a cylindrical
Prongs Reef Light, with another dangerous wreck 0.4 mile structure, painted in red, white, and black horizontal bands, and
NNE from it. The area is considered foul and dangerous to shows a light.
navigation.
Malabar Point, about 3 miles NNW of Colaba Point, and
2.30

Malabar Hill, about 1 mile farther NE, have been reported to

give good radar returns at 22 and 39 miles, respectively.
Khanderi Island Light, about 10.5 miles S of Prong Reef
2.30

Light, is shown at an elevation of 47m from an octagonal tow-

er, surmounting a flat-roofed house, 31m high, on the summit
of Khanderi Island. It is connected by telephone with Mumbai
(Bombay). If a vessel is seen to be lying into danger, a warning
rocket signal is fired, and the International Code signal “U,”
(You are standing into danger) is displayed.
Khanderi Island has been reported to give good radar returns
2.30

at 17 miles.
Foul ground and shoal water extend about 3 miles offshore
2.30

between Khanderi Island and the SE entrance point of Mumbai

(Bombay) Harbor. Thal Shoal, about 6 miles N of Khanderi Is-
land and 2.5 miles offshore, is composed of sand and rock,
with several detached heads, and a least depth of 4.3m. A black
conical buoy is moored off the W side of Thal Shoal.
Thal Reefs, SE of Thal Shoal, consists of numerous reefs
2.30

and rocks extending about 1.5 miles offshore. Detached shoals,

with depths of less than 5.5m, lie within 1 mile W of Thal
Reefs. A prohibited area, best shown on the chart, lies close N
of Thal Shoal.
East Channel Swatch, with a least depth of 5.8m, lies be-
2.30

tween Thal Shoal and the detached shoals W of Thal Reef.

SW Prongs Lighted Buoy, moored about 1.5 miles SSW of
2.30

Prongs Reef Light, marks the edge of the shoal water SW of

Prongs Reef.
A lighted buoy moored about 1.5 miles SE of Prongs Reef
2.30

Light marks the N side of the fairway into the harbor. Courtesy of Mumbai Port Trust
Sunk Rock (18°53'N., 72°50'E.), awash and marked by a
2.30
Tucker Beacon
light, lies about 1.3 miles E of Colaba Point.
Oyster Rock, about 0.8 mile ENE of Sunk Rock, is flat and
2.30 Gull Islet (Kansa Rock) lies off the entrance to Dharamtar
2.30

21m high; a tower, with an elevation of 28m, stands on it. Fish- Creek, on a bank filling the SE part of Mumbai (Bombay) Har-
ing stakes extend about 0.5 mile E of Oyster Rock; care is nec- bor. Gull Islet Light is shown from a framework tower on the
essary when navigating in this vicinity, as the stakes are often summit of the islet.
broken off just below-water. Karanja Reefs, farther N, extend about 2 miles off the W side
2.30

Dolphin Rock, nearly steep-to on its E side and marked by a

2.30 of Karanja Island. Karanja Beacon, a black steel structure,
light, lies about 1.5 miles N of Oyster Rock. 8.5m high, surmounted by a cone, lies near the NW edge of the
Middle Ground Islet, rocky and about 13m high, lies about
2.30 reefs, about 5 miles N of Gull Islet.
0.8 mile ENE of Oyster Rock; two towers, with an elevation of Two spoil grounds, the N marked approximately 0.5 mile
2.30

17m, lie on the islet. Shoal water extends about 110m SW and NNW by a lighted buoy, are situated on the SW side of Karanja
0.2 mile NNE, respectively, from the islet. Reefs.
Range lights, in line bearing 305°, on Ballard Pier, about 0.5
2.30 Butcher Island (18°58'N., 72°54'E.), 20m high, with an oil
2.30

mile farther N, lead through the middle of the approach chan- terminal on its SE side, lies about 5 miles NE of Middle
nel to the pier. Ground Islet. A conspicuous water tower, with an elevation of
The Naval Dockyard lies about 0.5 mile NW of Middle
2.30 31m, stands near the center of the island.
Ground Island. South Breakwater, marked at its head and root Butcher Rock, steep-to on its S and E sides, lies about 0.6
2.30

by towers having an elevation of 58m, forms an enclosed area mile S of Butcher Island and is marked by Butcher Beacon, a
E of the Naval Dockyard. The Naval Signal Station, with a red stone beacon, 8m high, from which a light is shown. A
flagstaff, is conspicuous near the root of South Breakwater. breakwater, extending NNW from Butcher Rock, is 3m above
Cross Island, 20m high, lies about 1.8 miles farther N, and
2.30 chart datum and uncovers at half tide.
about 0.3 mile off Victoria Dock. Elephanta Island, 174m high, about 1 mile E of Butcher Is-
2.30

The N side of the harbor is occupied by an extensive coastal

2.30 land, is wooded with two hills separated by a ravine.

Pub. 173
64 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

2.30 TSS in the Approaches to Mumbai

Elephanta Patch Beacon, from which a light is shown, lies

2.30
Pilotage
about 0.5 mile NW of Elephanta Island.
The channel leading ENE and NNE between Butcher Island
2.30 Pilotage is compulsory in Mumbai (Bombay) for all vessels
2.30

and Elephanta Island is marked by ranges. Range lights, shown over 100 nrt and is available 24 hours. The pilot boards in posi-
on the SW side of Elephanta Island, in line bearing 055°, lead tion 18°51.5'N, 72°49.5'E. Once in the pilot controlled harbor,
between the shoals on either side of the channel. This range in- vessels may not depart or shift berths without a pilot on board.
tersects with a lighted range leading NNE, which is in line Pilotage is compulsory in Jawahar Lal Nehru for all vessels
2.30

bearing 203°, astern. The rear light of the latter range is shown over 100 nrt and is available 24 hours. The pilot boards in posi-
from a lighted beacon on Uran Shoal (18°56'N., 72°54'E.). tion 18°50.5'N, 72°47.0'E.
Trombay Island, N of the harbor, attains an elevation of
2.30 During the monsoon and rough weather conditions, vessels
2.30

305m at Trombay Peak (19°02'N., 72°55'E.). There are sever- may be directed by the pilot, in coordination with the VTS, to a
al oil refinery chimneys on the S side of the island; the flares safe boarding/disembarkation position, usually in the vicinity
from these chimneys are conspicuous and visible from sea- of position 18°53'N, 72°51'E.
ward. Pilots for berths in Mumbai (Bombay) can be contacted (call
2.30

Pir Pau Tomb, a conspicuous mosque with a white dome,

2.30 sign: Mumbai Pilots) on VHF channel 12. Pilot for berths in
24m high, stands on the S extremity of Trombay Island. A Jawahar Lal Nehru Port can be contacted (call sign: JNPT Pi-
white dome, 43m high, and a chimney, 125m high, are conspic- lots) on VHF channel 12 or 13.
uous about 0.5 mile farther NNE. Vessels are not permitted to proceed E of 72°44'E without
2.30

Radio masts, each marked by red lights, stand on the SW end

2.30 being instructed to do so.
of Trombay Island. Vessels boarding a pilot should maintain a continuous listen-
2.30

ing watch on VHF channel 13 for Jawahar Lal Port Control and

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 65

on VHF channel 12 for Mumbai (Bombay) Port Control. Service for vessels within its dock and harbor area.
The following vessels are designated as “participating ves-
2.30

Regulations sels:”
1. All vessels of 100 gross tons and over.
A TSS has been established in the approaches to Mumbai.
2.30 2. All vessels with an loa of 30m and greater.
This TSS is mandatory for all Indian and foreign flagged ves- Vessels are required to contact Mumbai VTS on VHF chan-
2.30

sels entering and leaving Mumbai harbor and Jawahar Lal Neh- nel 12, as follows:
ru Port Trust (JNPT)/Nhava-Sheva harbor irrespective of size. 1. When 2 hours from Mumbai Port—Provide the ves-
Vessels for Mumbai (Bombay) and Jawahar Lal Nehru
2.30 sel’s position when crossing longitude 72°40.9'E.
should send their ETA 96 hours in advance, with a confirma- 2. When passing the following reporting points:
tion sent 48 hours in advance, to their agents. The 96-hour a. 18°49.9’N, 72°38.1’E.
message should contain the following information: b. 18°51.6’N, 72°49.4’E. (pilot boarding area)
1. Master’s name. c. 18°56'34.2''N, 72°55'01.2''E.
2. Vessel’s ETA. 3. Inbound vessels proceeding to the outer anchorages—
3. Present loaded displacement, draft, gross tonnage, and 1 hour prior to arrival in the area and again upon anchoring.
nrt. 4. Vessels proceeding to anchor or leaving the anchor-
4. Ports visited in last 30 days. age—At least 1 hour prior to getting underway.
5. Distance of manifold from amidships. 5. Departing vessels—At least 1 hour prior to leaving
6. Cargo quantities on board. the berth and again upon leaving the berth.
7. Supplies and cash requirements. 6. Vessels bound to or from JNPT—An initial call is
Vessels should also send their ETA 24 hours in advance to
2.30 made to Mumbai VTS for instructions. The vessel then con-
the harbormaster. tacts Jawahar Lal Nehru Port Control on VHF channel 13.
Merchant vessels will keep AIS equipment operational upon
2.30 7. Vessels transiting to or from JNPT—When crossing
entry to or departure from the port. the MPT/JNPT port limits.
Mumbai Port Trust issues special regulations in force during
2.30 8. Vessels departing from JNPT—Upon leaving the
the monsoon season, normally from June 1 to September 15, as berth, providing the ETA at MPT limit, and again when
follows: reaching the MPT limit.
1. Cold movements (barges and vessels not under pow- 9. Vessels bound to or from the Indian Naval Tidal Ba-
er) requiring pilot and tug services are prohibited. sin—Provide the type of vessel and pennant number. Partici-
2. Vessels using Berth No. 19, Berth No. 20, and Berth pating vessels without a pilot on board must get traffic
No. 21 will be berthed starboard side-to and have a maxi- clearance prior to getting underway.
mum draft of 8.5m at high water. 10. Naval vessels—Inform Mumbai VTS by telephone of
3. Vessels using Berth No. 18 may be berthed port side- planned departure and seek traffic clearance 30 minutes prior
to depending on weather and tidal conditions. to getting underway
4. Maximum permissible drafts at all berths will de- 11. Vessels involved in accidents or emergencies—As
crease once monsoon rains commence and will continue to soon as reasonably possible.
be restricted as required. Vessels must provide the following information when enter-
2.30

5. Vessels will not be allowed to immobilize their en- ing the VTS area:
gines. 1. Vessel name.
6. The maximum docking permissible docking draft at 2. Position.
Indira Dock inside berths will be 9.1m, with a maximum 3. Deepest draft.
permissible sailing draft of 8.8m, subject to tidal conditions. 4. Maneuvering speed.
7. From June 1 until September 30, the Indira Dock 5. Destination and last port-of-call.
Storm Gate will be closed from 3 hours before high water 6. ETA at the pilot boarding position or the relevant re-
until 1 hour after high water. porting point.
8. Vessels are advised to contact the Port Authority for 7. Number of personnel on board and nationality.
the most up-to-date restrictions on berthing requirements. 8. Any deficiencies.
9. Any assistance required.
Vessel Traffic Service 10. Naval vessels—Inform the VTS by HDCC 1 hour pri-
or to planned entry.
A Vessel Traffic Service controls traffic to Mumbai (Bom-
2.30 11. Warships—Provide call sign and pennant number.
bay) and the Jawahar Lal Nehru Port. The Mumbai Port Trust 12. Merchant vessels to keep their AIS operational on en-
(MbPT) VTS Area is defined as an area contained inshore of try or departure from Mumbai Port.
an arc, with a radius of 12 miles, centered on Colaba Point con- Vessels at anchor within or in transit through the VTS area
2.30

tained within the adjacent Jawahar Lal Nehru Port Trust must maintain a listening watch on VHF channel 12.
(JNPT) VTS Area which is defined as the area contained with- Vessels may use VHF channel 12 to contact other vessels
2.30

in the limits of the Jawahar Lal Nehru Port Trust. within the VTS area but, unless passing a short message relat-
The VTS controls traffic to both Mumbai and Jawahar Lal
2.30 ing directly to the safety of navigation, must switch to an
Nehru ports. The VTS area is not subdivided into separate op- agreed upon working channel.
erational sectors, however, JNPT operates a Port Information

Pub. 173
66 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Signals Mumbai (Bombay)/Jawahar Lal Nehru—Contact

Information
A naval signal station at Colaba Point may call up vessels by
2.30

signal lamp, which they are required to answer by the same APM Terminals Mumbai
system. Telephone 91-22-6681-1000
Vessels liable to quarantine or carrying certain types of dan-
2.30

gerous cargo are required by Mumbai (Bombay) Port Rules to Facsimile 91-22-6681-1110
make certain signals to Prongs Reef Light; these are answered E-mail apmtmumbai@apmterminals.com
by day by corresponding signals at the light.
Web site http://www.apmtmumbai.com
The Port Signal Station is in a tower on the E side of Ballard
2.30

Pier. The docking signal station is on Bull’s Nose at the en- Vessel Traffic Service
trance to Indira Dock. The Naval Signal Station lies about 0.5
Call sign Mumbai VTS
mile SW of the Port Signal Station.
Communication is by the International Code of Signals, by
2.30 VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
signal lamp at night, or by VHF radiotelephone. 91-22-6656-5036
Storm signals are displayed from the port signal station and
2.30
Telephone
from a flagstaff at the NE corner of Victoria Dock; the General 91-22-2260-1612
System is used. Further information on these storm signals Facsimile 91-22-2266-4066
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig- E-mail dmcsmbpt@gmail.com
nals.” Web site http://www.mumbaiport.gov.in
Lighterage Operation Area
Contact Information
VHF VHF channels 6 and 19
See the table titled Mumbai (Bombay)/Jawahar Lal Neh-
2.30

ru—Contact Information. Jawahar Lal Nehru Pilots

Call sign JNPT Pilots
Anchorage VHF VHF channels 12 and 13
Anchorage areas have been established about 20 miles NW
2.30
Mumbai Pilots
and 6 miles WNW of the entrance to Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Call sign Mumbai Pilots
Harbor) and are best seen on the chart. Caution is necessary
when using the latter anchorage as a dangerous wreck lies VHF VHF channel 12
within the area.
Bravo (West) and Bravo (East) anchorages, best seen on the
2.30

Mumbai (Bombay)/Jawahar Lal Nehru—Contact chart, are centered approximately 20 miles WNW and 12 miles
Information NW respectively from Khanderi Island Light. Bravo (West) is
used by large vessels and Bravo (East) by smaller vessels.
Port Authority Caution should be used to avoid the charted disused cables and
91-22-6656-5656 other dangers within these anchorages.
Telephone Mumbai Harbor (Bombay Harbor) has numerous anchorages
2.30

91-22-6656-4021
available within the harbor, in depths up to 9.7m, with three of
Facsimile 91-22-2261-2401 them designated for explosives and dangerous cargo in either
the channel leading to Thane Creek, NNE of Elephanta Patch
Telex 81-1181047 MBPT IN
(18°58.5'N., 72°55.3'E.), or NNE of Karanja Beacon as shown
E-mail mbpt@vsnl.com on the chart.
Web site http://www.mumbaiport.gov.in In the S part of the harbor the anchorages are found on both
2.30

sides of the dredged channel. These anchorages are reported to

Harbormaster be mud, with good holding ground.
Telephone 91-22-6656-4022 An anchorage for tankers is located about 1.3 miles SW of
2.30

Butcher Beacon. An emergency anchorage area is designated

Indira Container Terminal (ICT) about 0.45 mile NE of Butcher Beacon. Also shown on the
91-22-6625-4444 (switchboard) chart is a special anchorage area designated for naval vessels
Telephone located N of Sunk Rock.
91-22-6625-4424 (operations) Deep-draft vessels should anchor about 7 miles W of Prongs
2.30

Facsimile 91-22-6625-4456 Reef, outside the 20m curve, in mud and shingle, reportedly
good holding ground, and await berthing instructions.
E-mail info@ictpl.in
For Jawahar Lal Nehru Port, an anchorage area, best seen on
2.30

Web site http://www.ictpl.in the chart, has a dredged depth of 12.8m and is located NE of
Elephanta Island.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 67

As a general rule, vessels in the harbor should always be

2.30 lines of strong fishing stakes, surmounted by baskets, which
moored in a SSW-NNE direction, as follows: project about 6.1m out of the water, may be encountered any-
1. Between October 1 and May 31 use 82m of cable where in depths up to 18.3m and sometimes up to 22m.
each way. In the immediate approach to the harbor, within the area
2.30

2. Between June 1 and September 30 use 109m on the S shown by dashed lines on the charts, no fishing stakes are per-
anchor and 82m on the N anchor. mitted, but even within this area they are sometimes placed,
3. Vessels moored in the eddies off Middle Ground Islet and so may be encountered before the port authorities have
should use 140m on the S anchor. been able to remove them. Occasionally the heads of the stakes
It has been reported (2013) that during the monsoon season
2.30 are broken off at the waterline.and then they may not be seen
(late May to late August) the anchorage area within the inner above water. All fishing stakes are normally removed each year
harbor of Mumbai is restricted to an area N of Sunk Rock for the duration of the Southwest Monsoon.
Light. Two precautionary areas, best seen on the chart, lie within
2.30

Vessels subject to quarantine may be instructed to anchor in

2.30 the main Mumbai approach channel about 1.2 miles E of Mid-
a position convenient for the health officer to board. dle Ground Island and 1.3 miles SW of Butcher Island. Ves-
Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in the vicinity of the
2.30 sels, including those entering and leaving Naval Dockyard and
pipelines. Anchoring is prohibited in an area in the harbor en- Indira Dock, are likely to cross the channel within these areas.
trance extending approximately 4.75 miles E from Prongs Reef Caution is necessary in the harbor and its approaches as ma-
2.30

Light. Another prohibited anchorage has been established NW ny buoys have been reported (2007) missing.
of Back Bay (18°56'N., 72°49'E.), as shown on the chart. In 2001, it was reported that numerous fishing vessels were
2.30

A dangerous wreck lies close NE of Anchorage A5; another

2.30 anchored directly in the inbound and outbound traffic lanes.
dangerous wreck lies about 350m NNW of Anchorage J3; an- Numerous wrecks, best seen on chart, lie in the approaches,
2.30

other dangerous wreck lies within deep water anchorage DW2. channels, and adjacent waters of the port of Mumbai (Bom-
Deep water and an emergency anchorage areas have been es-
2.30 bay). Mariners should use caution while transiting these wa-
tablished W of Karanja Reefs, as follows: ters.
Heavy smog and haze may reduce the visibility in the harbor.
2.30

Designation Position Diameter It was reported (2001) that heavy pollution and siltation in
2.30

the harbor prevented the vessel’s depth finder from giving ac-
DW1 18°53.'43.8''N, 72°51'46.2''E 900m curate readings.
DW2 18°54'09.6''N, 72°52'00.6'E 900m A submarine exercise area is centered 67 miles W of the en-
2.30

trance to Mumbai (Bombay) Harbor. Another submarine exer-

DW3 18°54'35.4''N, 72°52'16.2''E 900m
cise area is centered between the Fifty Fathoms Flat and
Emergency 18°53'13.2''N, 72°51'31.8''E 1,160m Direction Bank, about 75 miles offshore.
Numerous small fishing vessels, with buoyed nets, are likely
2.30

Directions to be encountered up to 25 miles offshore from Mumbai (Bom-

bay).
During the Southwest Monsoon, when it may be difficult to
2.30
A depth of 23m was reported in 1987 close W of the 200m
2.30

identify marks, or during the cold weather, when a smoke haze depth contour in approximate position 19°00'N, 69°55'E.
often reduces visibility, the best time to make Mumbai (Bom- Mariners are advised not to anchor or fish near the pipelines
2.30

bay) is about 1 hour before sunrise, when the lights are still vis- to avoid damaging them.
ible. Submarine oil and gas pipelines are laid from the SW point
2.30

In the approaches to Mumbai (Bombay), Western Arm of the

2.30
of Karanja Island, WSW through the entrance to Mumbai
TSS has been established to assist mariners to navigate safely (Bombay) Harbor and then NW to Mumbai (Bombay) High
in the vicinity of the previously-described Offshore Oil Devel- Field.
opment Areas. Route generally leads NE and then a E direc- The limits of the maintained channels and depths have
2.30

tion, passing S of Mumbai High Oil Field Development Area changed and new dredged areas have been established within
and Mukta Panna and Bassein Oil Field Development Area and Mumbai, Jawahar Lal Nehru and Trombay (2016). Mariners
N of Neelam Heera and Ratna Oil Field Development Area. are advised to consult the local authorities for the latest infor-
Other routes lead in NNE-SSW directions, passing W and E of mation.
Neelam Heera and Ratna Oil Field Development Area. Land reclamation and works in progress have been reported
2.30

From a position W of Kumbaru Point, the Southern Arm

2.30
(2019) at the BMCT Container Berth and the BMCT Container
route of the TSS leads generally N for about 34 miles, to a po- Yard.
sition in the vicinity of the TSS roundabout, WSW of Mumbai
Harbor. Mumbai (Bombay) to Cape Rama
From the TSS roundabout the route leads E, then ENE,
2.30

through the Eastbound lane of the TSS and maintained depth 2.31 The coast between Khanderi Island (18°42'N.,
approach channel that is marked by light buoys. 72°49'E.) and Cape Rama, about 228 miles SSE, consists of
sandy bays separated by bold rocky capes. There are a number
Caution of river estuaries and it is often bordered by tableland in the
middle of its S part. The Western Ghats, which are generally
2.30 In the approach to Mumbai (Bombay), either from N or S, from 609 to 904m high, with some peaks nearly 1,524m high,

Pub. 173
68 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

lie like a wall parallel to the coast at an average distance of 30 moderately wide river at HWS. Local vessels call at the port.
miles inland. Korlai Fort, on the S side of the river entrance, stands on the
2.33

The Sagargarh Range, S of Kankeshwar, has a spur forming

2.31 summit of a reddish-colored headland, connected to the main-
two narrow ridges extending W to about 2 miles ENE of Ali- land by a low, narrow, and sandy isthmus. The N part of this
bag. Sagargarh (18°39'N., 72°58'E.), 415m high, and the headland slopes gradually to the sea and terminates in a rocky
highest peak of this range, lies about 5 miles E of Alibag. It has point. A light, with a racon and AIS, is shown from the fort.
a rounded summit and is faced on its S side by high conspicu- Chaul Knob, 255m high, round and conspicuous, lies about
2.33

ous cliffs. At the NW end of this range, about 5 miles NW of 1.8 miles ESE of Korlai Fort, and is the summit of a range of
Sagargarh and 2.5 miles from the coast, are three high bare, wooded hills.
and conspicuous peaks. The S of these three is the sharp and Revadanda, an old fortress, stands on the N entrance point of
2.33

conical Parhur Peak, 313m high. Close SE of Sagargarh is a the river. The tower of the Franciscan convent, 31m high, is
sharp rocky peak; farther S the range is lower and covered with conspicuous above the walls of the fort.
jungle. A prominent white temple stands 2 miles NE of Revadanda.
2.33

Depths—Limitations.—Depths in the approach to the coast

2.31 Another temple is conspicuous on the summit of a 172m hill
between Mumbai (Bombay) and Cape Rama are fairly deep above the preceding temple. A Muslim tomb stands at a height
and clear of dangers, with the exception of Angria Bank. of 128m, near a group of palm trees, about 0.8 mile NW of the
Angria Bank, with a least depth of 20.1m in position
2.31 latter temple.
16°43'N, 72°03'E, lies about 65 miles off the coast, and is com- Nine Foot Patch lies about 2.3 miles NW of Korlai Fort. Six
2.33

posed of sand, shells, and coral. The bank is steep-to on all Foot Patch lies about 0.8 mile farther S.
sides, with great depths surrounding it. The tidal currents set An offshore production platform lies about 33 miles W of
2.33

NE across the bank during the flood and SW with the ebb, with the entrance to Murud–Janjira harbor.
a velocity of about 1 knot in spring tides.
A volcanic disturbance was reported observed (1949) in an
2.31 2.34 Murud-Janjira Harbor (18°18'N., 72°57'E.), at the
area about 100 miles SW of Angria Bank. Vessels should ap- mouth of Rajpuri Creek, is entered between Vihur Point and
proach this area with caution. Nanwell Point, about 4 miles SSE. The harbor affords good
Caution.—Between Khanderi Island and Boria Point, about
2.31 shelter to moderate-sized vessels from all winds except those
80 miles SSE, fishing stakes and logs are liable to be encoun- from W and NW.
tered in depths up to 22m. Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise is 3.9m at MHWS, and
2.34

3m at MHWN. Tidal currents have a velocity of 1 knot to 1.5

Khanderi Island to Murud-Janjira Harbor knots at springs.
Depths—Limitations.—Depths of less than 5m extend
2.34

2.32 The coast from abreast Khanderi Island to Alibag, about 10.3 miles S of Kansa Fort.
about 4 miles S, consists of a low ridge of sand hills backed by Whale Reef, about 1.3 miles WSW of Nanwell Point, dries
2.34

dense groves of palm trees. It is fringed by sand banks and 3.3m. Shoal water, with depths of less than 5m, extends about
reefs extending in places about 1.3 miles offshore, and depths 0.5 mile WNW, and 0.3 mile S of the reef.
of less than 5.5m extend about 3.5 miles offshore. The inner Fishing stakes, consisting of large poles or stripped palm
2.34

reefs, which lie in narrow ridges parallel to the shore, are trees, may be met within the harbor, but they normally show
joined by low stone walls and are used as fish traps. well above HW.
Alibag Creek, almost closed by sand, lies S of Alibag. Kola-
2.32 For berthing information see the table titled Dighi—Berth
2.34

ba Fort, about 0.5 mile SW of Alibag, stands on a drying reef Information.

on the NW side of the entrance to the creek. The fort can be Aspect.—The coast in the vicinity of the harbor is hilly and
2.34

recognized by the cupola of a temple in the shape of a pagoda, well-wooded, with high ranges behind the coastal hills.
which is conspicuous from seaward. A light is shown periodi- A peninsula with two conspicuous peaks lies on the S side of
2.34

cally from Kolaba Fort. the harbor. Conical Hill, 232m high and bare, and Round Hill,
Alibag Outer Reef, with a depth of 1.8m, lies about 1.3 miles
2.32 231m high and thickly wooded, lie about 2 and 3 miles, respec-
W of Kolaba Fort, and is marked SW by a red conical buoy tively, SSE of Nanwell Point. Dighi Hill, about 1.5 miles SE of
from October to May. the same point, is 250m high and the highest point of the pen-
Chaul Kadu Reef, a group of rocky patches with a least
2.32 insula.
depth of 2.1m, lies about 2.5 miles farther S. The sea breaks Dighi, a village on the S shore of the Rajpuri River, has a
2.34

heavily over these reefs at LW. A light is shown from a white bight SE of it fringed with mangroves; a drying mud flat fills
round masonry tower, 19m high, on the NE extremity of the the bight.
reef. Nanwell Point Light is shown from a white masonry tower
2.34

A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies between Ali-

2.32 with red bands, on Nanwell Point, a wooded bluff.
bag Outer Reef and Chaul Kadu Reef. A hill, 134m high, lies about 0.8 mile N of Vihur Point.
2.34

Murud Hill, 306m high, is conspicuous about 2.5 miles E of

2.33 Revadanda Port (Port Chaul) (18°33'N., 72°55'E.), the same point.
the estuary of the Kundalika River, is only available to vessels Janjira Fort, 37m high and conspicuous, stands on a rocky is-
2.34

able to cross the bar. In the fairway over the bar there is a depth let, about 2 miles NE of Nanwell Point and abreast the village
of 2.1m, but this may be subject to change. The tide flows over of Rajpuri. A light is shown from the fort.
a considerable part of the low-lying land on either side of this Bandar Hill, a small round headland 70m high, with a grassy
2.34

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 69

Courtesy of Dighi Port

Murud-Janjira Harbor (Dighi Port/Agardana)—Current Operations and Future Development

summit, lies about 1 mile NNW of Janjira Fort. A light is Contact Information.—See the table titled Dighi—Con-
2.34

shown periodically from the hill. tact Information.

Kansa Fort, its walls about 6m high and partly in ruins,
2.34 Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in about 5m, with
2.34

stands on a reef about 2.5 miles N of Nanwell Point. Janjira Fort bearing 001°, about 0.7 mile. Anchorage with bet-
The Nawabs Palace and flagstaff are conspicuous on a steep
2.34 ter shelter can be obtained, in about 5.5m, with the fort bearing
bluff, 33m high, about 1.3 miles NE of Kansa Fort. 330°, distant about 1.75 miles and Sandy Point bearing 100°.
The town of Murud, surrounded by a large grove of palm
2.34 Sandy Point lies about 3.5 mile E of Nanwell Point.
trees, is situated on the N side of the entrance between Bandar Anchorage Area Alpha (18°18.82'N., 072°49.9'E) and An-
2.34

Hill and Nawabs Palace. chorage Area Bravo (18°19.11'N., 072°47.75'E), located NE
Pilotage.—Pilots board about 7 miles W of the harbor en-
2.34 and NW, respectively, of the pilot boarding position, are best
trance in position 18°17.4'N, 72°49.0'E and are compulsory. seen on the chart.
Tugs are contacted on VHF channel 69.

Dighi—Berth Information
Maximum
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Vessel Size
South Terminal
No. 1 325m 14.5m 150,000 dwt Bauxite, coal, fertilizer, steel products, breakbulk, and others.
No. 2 325m 14.5m 150,000 dwt Continuous berthing length of 650m.
North Terminal
No. 3 325m 14.5m —
Under construction (2022). Ro-ro, lo-lo, breakbulk, and con-
No. 4 325m — —
tainers. Continuous berthing length of 650m.
No. 5 325m — —

Pub. 173
70 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Dighi—Contact Information S bank of the river. The Savitri River becomes a narrow stream
above the village.
Port Control Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set over the bar NNE
2.36

Call sign Port Control with the flood, and SSW with the ebb, attaining a velocity of
0.8 knot at springs.
VHF VHF channels 16 and 69 Between the bar and the anchorage off Bankot the flood cur-
2.36

Telephone 91-635-894-7500 rent sets slightly toward the sandbank on the N side of the
channel, while the ebb follows the direction of the channel.
E-mail dpl.radio@adani.com
At the anchorage off Bankot the velocity of the tidal currents
2.36

Web site https://www.adaniports.com at springs is about 2.5 knots.

Aspect.—The entrance of the Savitri River may be identified
Tugs
2.36

by Hareshwar Hill, 109m high, dark, and conical, about 0.3

VHF VHF channel 69 mile E of Devgarh Point. Hareshwar Donghur, 125m high, is
Tug 1 Tug Jyotsna (Call sign: ATUZ) conspicuous about 0.8 mile farther NE.
The high black walls of Fort Victoria, in ruins, stand at an el-
2.36

Tug 2 Tug Sangita (Call sign: VWKI) evation of 140m, about 0.8 mile ENE of Rankuran Point. A
high pillar and large pyramidal headstone, both prominent
Directions.—A vessel bound for Murud-Janjira Harbor
2.34 from outside the bar, stand in a cemetery close under the walls
should keep in depths greater than 11m until Janjira Fort is of the fort. The hill from Fort Victoria slopes down to Panbruj
identified. Then bring Janjira Fort to bear 090° and steer for it Point, about 0.8 mile NE of Rankuran Point.
on that bearing until Nanwell Point Light bears 180°. Course is The entrance to the channel over the bar was 1 mile W of
2.36

then altered SE into the harbor, or steer for Sandy Point bearing Rankuran Point, with a least depth of 2.1m in 1968. The N side
116° to the anchorage, in a least depth of 4.4m. of the entrance is marked by a red can buoy, and the S side by a
Approach to the anchorage may be obstructed by lines of
2.34 black conical buoy. A drying sandbank N of the channel, over
fishing nets and, from November to April, by fishing stakes. which the sea breaks heavily, is marked by a red can buoy. The
Caution.—Lesser depths have been reported (2019) within
2.34 existence of these buoys is doubtful.
the channel to Dighi Port. Consult the local authorities for the Depths gradually increase within the bar, and off Panbruj
2.36

latest information. Point there is a pool with depths of 13m.

A dangerous wreck lies about 8.4 miles WNW of Nanwell
2.34 Pilotage.—The services of a local unlicensed pilot can be
2.36

Point in approximate position 18°18.1'N, 72°47.4'E. obtained on application to the Customs and Port Officer.
Anchorage.—Outside the bar, anchorage can be taken, in a
2.36

Muhud-Janjira Harbor to Port Bankot depth of 9m.

Off Port Bankot vessels may anchor, in about 10m, off the
2.36

2.35 Kumbaru Point (18°13'N., 72°56'E.), 70m high, lies custom house, which lies about 0.3 mile ENE of Panbruj Point.
about 3.5 miles S of Nanwell Point and is the N entrance point Directions.—The NW corner of Fort Victoria bearing 079°
2.36

of Kumbaru Bay. The point fronts densely wooded hills rising leads across the bar. The channel then leads 055° and passes
to about 240m; there is a conspicuous bluff about 2.3miles E of close W of Panbruj Point.
the point. The channel over the bar is liable to change and passage into
2.36

Shah Jehan Shoal, with a least depth of 4.2m, lies about 1

2.35 the river should not be attempted without local knowledge.
mile SW of Kumbaru Point. Depths are irregular for a short Caution.—Caution is required in crossing the bar; during
2.36

distance W of this shoal and vessels in the vicinity should keep strong W breezes heavy breakers are raised over the bar and
in depths greater than 11m. there is always a cross sea.
Anchorage, sheltered from NW winds, can be taken, in a
2.35

depth of 4.5m, SE of Kumbaru Point. Port Bankot to Port Dabhol

Srivardhan Bay, about 5 miles SSE of Kumbaru Bay, is shal-
2.35

low and the village of Srivardhan lies at its head. A light is 2.37 The coast between the entrances of the Savitri River
shown from the S end of the N entrance point of the bay from and the Vashishti River, about 25 miles SSE, consists of a se-
September to May. ries of plateaus at elevations of 150 to 210m.
Anchorage off Srivardhan for large vessels can be obtained,
2.35 Kante Peak, 346m high, about 2.3 miles ESE of Bankot, and
2.37

in 10m, mud, about 3 miles WNW of Srivardhan Point Gimona Peak, 306m high, about 10 miles farther SSE, are two
(18°01'N., 73°00'E.), the S entrance point of the bay. conspicuous peaks along this coast.
The seaward slopes of the plateaus are generally abrupt, but
2.37

Port Bankot (17°59'N., 73°03'E.) in places there is a narrow strip of land between the plateaus
and the beach. The vegetation consists of sparse bushes with
World Port Index No. 48870 very few trees.
A vessel proceeding between the two rivers will not encoun-
2.37

2.36 Port Bankot lies from 1 to 2 miles within the bar at the ter any shoals by keeping from 1.5 to 3 miles offshore and in
entrance of the Savitri River, which is entered between Dev- depths of over 9.1m. Care must be taken to avoid the logs
garh Point, 55m high, and Rankuran Point, about 1.5 miles marking the fisheries, which may be met about 5 miles W of
SSE. Bankot, a fishing village, extends some distance along the the entrance to the Jog River (17°50'N., 73°05'E.).

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 71

An islet, about 2 miles S of the entrance to the Jog River, lies

2.37 with a maximum length of 300m long and a maximum draft of
close S of a promontory projecting from the coast at Harnai. 11m.
Harnai Light is shown from a white masonry tower on the Aspect.—The land on both sides of this river is hilly and un-
2.38

promontory. dulating; the hills, about 90 to 120m high, slope steeply to the
Janjira Fort, a fortified islet, 19m high and covered with veg-
2.37 coast and terminate in cliffs from 5 to 25m high.
etation, stands about 0.5 mile NW of the above-mentioned is- Pir Balu, a conical hill 248m high, with a dome-shaped tomb
2.38

let. Janjira Fort, standing under a range of hills, is not easily on its summit, is located about 4.3 miles ENE of Tolkeshwar
distinguished from seaward. Point and is a good landmark as it lies out above the flat rocky
Burondi Bay lies about 6 miles SSE of Janjira Fort. The bay
2.37 ridges in the vicinity.
affords anchorage, with some shelter from S winds, in a depth Tolkeshwar Point Light is shown from a white square masonry
2.38

of 3.7m. tower on Tolkeshwar Point. This light may be occasionally ob-

scured by clouds because of its elevation of 104m. The point has
2.38 Port Dabhol (17°35'N., 73°10'E.), (World Port Index been reported to be a good radar target at 23 miles.
No. 48890) lies in the estuary of the Vashishti River, which is Anjanvel Fort, in ruins, is situated about 0.8 mile ENE of
2.38

navigable at all times by vessels with a draft of 3m as far as Tolkeshwar Point. Anjanvel Bay, E of the fort, is shallow.
Karbone, about 16 miles within the entrance, and thence, at Veldur Hill, 81m high, is located on the E side of Anjanvel
HW only, to Chiplun, 10 miles farther up. Bay.
Sil Point, the N entrance point of the river, lies nearly 2 miles
2.38 Range lights, on the S side of the river, in line bearing 081°,
2.38

ENE of Tolkeshwar Point. Chirpulti Sand, which dries, extends lead across the bar. The front light is situated close N of Anjan-
about 1.5 miles WSW of the point. vel Fort and the rear light stands on the N slope of Veldur Hill,
Tolkeshwar Point (17°34'N., 73°09'E.), the S entrance point
2.38 about 0.8 mile E.
of the river, is bold and faced with cliffs about 90m high; an an- A red can buoy marks the W end of the bar; another red can
2.38

cient Hindu temple and a prominent clump of trees stand on its buoy is moored off the S side of Churpulti Sand. A red can
summit. Ranvi Point, about 0.5 mile S of Tolkeshwar Point, has lighted buoy is moored about 0.5 mile SW of Sil Point.
a very large boulder and overhanging cliff N of it. Pilotage.—Pilotage is only compulsory for berthing and de-
2.38

Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Port Dabhol is 2.7m at

2.38 parture from the Ratnagiri Gas and Power Terminal. The pilot
MHHW and 2.2m at MLHW. boards in position 17°34.7'N, 73°04.0'E and may be obtained
The tidal current sets NE over the bar with the flood and SW
2.38 by contacting the Port Authority 72 hours in advance.
with the ebb, attaining a velocity of about 1.5 knots. Contact Information.—See the table titled Dabhol—Con-
2.38

Inside the bar the flood current sets into Anjanvel Bay and
2.38 tact Information.
the ebb onto Churpulti Sand. Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained outside the bar,
2.38

The flood current continues for about 1 hour after HW and

2.38 in 10m, clay, about 2 WNW of Tolkeshwar Point. An anchor-
the ebb current for about 1 hour after LW. At neaps, the ebb age area lies centered in position 17°34'27.0''N, 73°03'32.4''E,
current occasionally commences 1 hour before HW. about 5 miles WNW of the point. A dumping ground has been
Depths—Limitations.—The bar, with a least depth of 2.7m
2.38 established S of this anchorage.
on the entrance range, extends about 0.7 mile NW of Tolkesh- Small vessels may anchor in midstream, S of the pier at Dab-
2.38

war Point. Within the bar, the depths increase from 7.6m to hol, in a depth of about 8.5m, mud.
12.8m. Directions.—Vessels intending to enter the Vashishti River
2.38

Churpulti Sand lies on the N side of the channel. Berthing

2.38 should not proceed into depths less than 9.1m until Tolkeshwar
details are shown in the table titled Port Dabhol—Berth In- Point Light bears 095°. When the light structure is on this bear-
formation. ing, distant 1.5 miles, bring the range lights in line bearing
Ratnagiri Gas and Power Terminal (17°32'N., 73°09'E.),
2.38 081°. When Tolkeshwar Point Light bears 180°, steer to pass
is a new KLPL LNG terminal S of the entrance to the Vashishti about 137m N of Anjanvel Fort Light, the front range light.
River. The entrance has a controlled depth of 13.5m (2021) and When the latter light bears 180°, steer a mid-channel course,
the terminal is protected by a breakwater 1.4 miles in length. keeping about 0.1 mile offshore to avoid the coastal reef which
The jetty is capable of handling vessels up to 135,000 dwt, extends about 91m offshore near Veldur Hill.

Port Dabhol—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Dabhol
SPM — — — — — 70,000 dwt Closed. Clean products.
Ratnagiri Gas and Power
LNG. Berthing length of
LNG Jetty 40m — 300m 11.0m 67.0m 135,000m3 400m (including dolphins).

Pub. 173
72 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Dabhol—Contact Information Boria Bay lies SE of Boria Headland. Anchorage, sheltered

2.39

from NW winds, may be obtained by small vessels, in a depth

Port Control of 8m, mud.
91-235-824-8524 The coast between Boria Headland and Bhandarwadi Point,
2.39

3.5 miles SSE, is composed of small, sandy bays divided by

Telephone 91-942-296-6102 (mobile) rocky points.
91-942-237-7115 (mobile)
2.40 Jaigarh Bay (17°18'N., 73°13'E.), (World Port Index
Ratnagiri Gas and Power Terminal
No. 48895) is entered between Jaigarh Head and Bhandarwadi
Call sign RGPPL Terminal Point, about 1.8 miles NE. The estuary of the Shastri River,
which flows into the head of the bay, forms a sheltered, conve-
VHF VHF channel 16
nient harbor, fairly easy to access, even during the Southwest
91-23-5924-1110 Monsoon, for vessels of about 3.4m draft with local knowl-
Telephone edge.
91-23-5924-1350
Tides—Currents.—The mean spring range is about 2.0m;
2.40

Facsimile 91-23-5924-1118 the mean neap range is about 0.9m.

E-mail site.rgppl@gmail.com Depths—Limitations.—The bar of the Shastri River ex-
2.40

tends NNE from close W of Jaigarh Fort to close E of Katane

Web site http://www.rgppl.com Reef, which dries 0.6m about 0.2 mile SW of Bhandarwadi
Point.
Care must be taken to avoid fishing logs which are often
2.38
A channel leads E across the S end of the bar about 0.2 mile
2.40

moored both inside and outside the river. offshore and had a least depth of 3.7m in 1964, but it is subject
Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, is sit-
2.38 to change.
uated 6 miles WSW of Tolkeshwar Point, the position of which Mora Sands, which dry 1.2m, extend about 0.6 mile W of the
2.40

is approximate. Another dangerous wreck lies 5 miles SW of NE entrance point of the Shastri River, leaving a navigable
the same point, along the 20m line. channel about 183m wide between Mora Sands and Jaigarh.
A submarine pipeline and works in progress area (2013) ex-
2.38
JSW Jaigarh Port is situated on the S side of Jaigarh Bay
2.40

tend about 4 miles WSW from shore, S of Port Dabhol. A dan- about 1 mile E of Jaigarh Head. The port is approached
gerous wreck is situated at the end of the pipeline. through a dredged channel, marked by lighted buoys, with a
length of 4,700m and a width of 200m. The Port Authority
Port Dabhol to Jaigarh Bay should be contacted for current information on depths in the
dredged channel.
2.39 A sandy beach extends about 3.8 miles SSE from a Angre is situated on the S bank of the Shastri River upstream
2.40

position about 3 miles SE of Tolkeshwar Point. Guhagar, a from JSW Jaigarh Port. It is a well-sheltered harbor handling
large village, lies parallel to the beach close inland. liquid, container, and multi-purpose cargo.
Cliffs, about 100m high inland near their N end, extend from
2.39
Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
2.40

the sandy beach to Palshet Bay, about 1 mile S. Palshet Light is Jaigarh—Berth Information.
shown from the N entrance point of the bay; the light is ob- Aspect.—Jaigarh Head (17°18'N., 73°11'E.) has
2.40

scured by high land when bearing more than 141°. Kardeshwar Point at its NW extremity; this point appears from
Boria Point (17°24'N., 73°10'E.), about 2 miles SW of
2.39
seaward to be a level and almost barren plateau terminating in
Palshet Bay, attains an elevation of 118m. Boria Pagoda, a steep rocky cliffs. A Hindu temple stands on the steep face of
small conspicuous temple, stands at the NW end of the head- the cliffs. Jaigarh Head has been reported to be a good radar
land within a summit of the point. Boria Pagoda has been re- target at 20 miles.
ported to be a good radar target at 18 miles.

Jaigarh—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Jaigarh Multipurpose Terminal
No. 1 300m 295m 18.5m 42.0m 200,000 dwt Chemicals, bauxite, coal, fertilizer, iron ore, limestone,
breakbulk, and multipurpose. Continuous berthing length
No. 2 300m 295m 18.5m 42.0m 200,000 dwt of 600m.
No. 3A 310m — 18.5m — 200,000 dwt
Chemicals, bauxite, coal, fertilizer, iron ore, limestone,
No. 3B 310m — 18.5m — 18,000 teu sugar, breakbulk, and multipurpose. Continuous berthing
length of 930m.
No. 4A 310m — 18.5m — 18,000 teu

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 73

Jaigarh—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Chemicals, bauxite, coal, fertilizer, iron ore, limestone,
No. 6A 343m — 12.0m — 50,000 dwt
breakbulk, and multipurpose.
Ange Port
North Clean products, vegetable oils, others, container, project/
348m — 11.0m — 55,000 dwt
Berth heavy, breakbulk, multipurpose, and bunkers.
LNG Terminal
LNG
Under construction. LNG. Berthing length of 400m (in-
Berth 45m — 18.5m — 50,000 dwt
cluding dolphins).
(No. 5)

Jaigarh Head Light is shown from a tall, black iron tower

2.40
Jaigarh—Contact Information
with white bands, on the SW end of Jaigarh Head.
Dhamankhol Light is shown from a white tower about 0.5 mile Pilots
NE of Jaigarh Head Light. Call sign Jaigarh Port Control
Jaigarh Fort, an old fortress containing a few houses, is situat-
2.40

ed on a rocky point, about 2 miles E of Jaigarh Head Light; a VHF VHF channel 11
light is shown from the NW corner of the fort. The town of
Jaigarh extends along the coast for about 0.8 mile S of the fort. Angre—Contact Information
Trize Kila, a ruined fort, is situated about 1 mile E of Jaigarh
2.40

Fort. The NE side of Jaigarh Bay consists of ridges of bare Port Control
hills, about 61 to 91.4m high, with steep cliffy sides and small Call sign Angre Port Control
sandy indentations.
VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
Pilotage.—Pilots for JSW Jaigarh Port should be requested
2.40

from Jaigarh Port Control. Pilots for Angre Port should be re- Telephone 91-2357-242-491
quested from Angre Port Control. Facsimile 91-2357-242-494
Pilots board, as follows:
2.40

1. Vessels with a draft greater than 14.5m—In position E-mail ops.appl@chowgule.co.in

17°20.0’N, 73°05.0’E. Web site http://www.angreport.com
2. Vessels with a draft less than 14.5m—In position
17°19.0’N, 73°08.0’E. Deputy Conservator
Regulations.—Vessels must send their ETA to Jaigarh Port
2.40
Telephone 91-9967-63812 (mobile)
Control by facsimile and e-mail 7 days, 5 days, 72 hours, 48
hours, 24 hours, and 12 hours in advance. E-mail pendse.appl@chowgule.co.in
Contact Information.—See the tables titled Jaigarh—
2.40 Manager (Operational)
Contact Information and Angre—Contact Information.
Telephone 91-8308-672-557
Jaigarh—Contact Information Pilots
Port Control Call sign Angre Port Control
Call sign Jaigarh Port Control VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
VHF VHF channel 11
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in Dhamankhol Bay,
2.40

91-2357-242-551 in about 8m, about 0.4 mile E of Dhamankhol Light.

Telephone 91-2357-242-552 There is good sheltered anchorage E of Jaigarh, but the best
2.40

anchorage, in 8.5m, lies about 0.8 mile SE of Jaigarh Fort.

91-2357-242-553 Vessels with a draft of up to 10m can obtain anchorage, in a
2.40

Facsimile 91-2357-242-556 depth of about 15m, about 2.5 miles NW of the breakwater
head. Vessels with a draft greater than 10m should anchor out-
operations.jpl@jsw.in side the 20m curve. The bottom is soft mud, good holding
E-mail
samuel.david@jsw.in ground.
Outer anchorage areas detailed in the table titled Jaigarh
2.40

http://www.jsw.in/infrastructure/about- Port—Outer Anchorages.

Web site
jaigarh-port

Pub. 173
74 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Caution.—Vessels approaching Jaigarh Bay from the S

2.40 Anchorage may be obtained, in 8m, about 0.7 mile E of
2.41

should not close Kardeshwar Point within 0.3 mile to avoid Sookana Point and 0.3 mile offshore. Local vessels call here
foul ground. during the Southwest Monsoon.
A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies close N of
2.40 Mirya Bay is entered between Miyet Point and Galee Point
2.41

the buoyed channel. A dangerous wreck lies 23 miles W of (17°00'N., 73°16'E.), the N extremity of The Fort, about 1.5
Jaigarh Head. miles SSE. The shore at the head of this bay is covered with co-
conut palms and is fronted by a ridge of sand hills. A conspicu-
Jaigarh Port—Outer Anchorages ous temple stands on Galee Point.
Mudle Shoal (Taylor Shoal), with a least depth of 1.1m, and
2.41

LNG vessels 17°18”03.0''N,73°02'24.0''E marked on its S side by a buoy, lies about 0.7 mile SE of Miyet
LPG vessels 17°16'31.2''N,73°05'28.2''E Point. The sea breaks over this shoal at LW.
Bhagwati Bunder (Mirya Bay), a new port, has a breakwater 0.3
2.41

All vessels other than

17°17'03.0''N,73°04'27.0'E mile long extending N from Galee Point; it provides sheltered an-
LPG and LNG
chorage throughout the year in depths up to 9.1m, sand and mud.
Emergency Anchorage 17°18'21.0''N,73°09'20.4''E However, attention should be given to Taylor Shoal, which lies N
of the entrance to the breakwater; a shoal, with a least depth of
Jaigarh Bay to Ratnagiri Bay 3.4m, lies 0.4 mile ENE of N end of breakwater.

2.41 Ambwah Bay (17°16'N., 73°13'E.) lies E of Ambwah Ratnagiri (16°59'N., 73°17'E.)
Point, the S extremity of Jaigarh Head. Anchorage, sheltered
from NW winds, is available in 7.3m, mud and sand, ESE of World Port Index No. 48900
Ambwah Point.
A 10m patch and an 8.8m patch lie about 0.5 mile SW and
2.41
2.42 Ratnagiri is approached from Ratnagiri Bay. The bay
0.8 mile SSE, respectively, of Ambwah Point. is entered between The Fort and Kushipur Point (16°57'N.,
Warori Bluff, about 4.5 miles SSE of Ambwah Point, is a
2.41
73°17'E.), about 2 miles S, affords no shelter during the South-
conspicuous promontory, 70m high. A light is shown about 0.5 west Monsoon, when smooth-water anchorage can be found in
mile SE of the W extremity of Warori Bluff. Good radar re- Kalbadevi Bay.
turns have been reported from Warori Bluff at 17 miles. The Fort, on the N side of the entrance, is an old structure
2.42

Anchorage.—Small vessels can obtain sheltered anchorage

2.41
which covers a bold, conspicuous, and rocky headland up to
during the Southwest Monsoon on the N side of Warori Bluff, 91m high. It appears as an island from a distance, and is con-
in a depth of 5.5m. nected to the mainland by a sandy neck.
Neori Point, about 5.5 miles SSE of Warori Bluff, is 64m
2.41
The Ratnagiri River, entered about 1.3 miles E of The Fort, is
2.42

high. The point has been reported to be a good radar target at only navigable by small craft at HW. The town of Ratnagiri is
15 miles. situated on the N side of the river entrance, on the brow of a
Mirya Head (17°02'N., 73°16'E.), a high rocky headland, is
2.41
flat ridge, about 46m high. There is a Coast Radio Station at
lighter in color than the adjacent coast, and resembles an island Ratnagiri.
when seen from the N or S. The W end of the headland termi- Depths—Limitations.—Cargo is worked from anchorages
2.42

nates in steep cliffs. Mirya Peak, 142m high, the conspicuous via lighters and at the Finolex Jetty at the N part of Ratnagiri
summit of this headland, lies about 0.5 mile NNE of Miyet Bay. Berthing details are shown in the table titled Ratnagiri—
Point, the SW extremity of the headland. Tonkul Peak, 115m Berth Information.
high, lies nearly 1 mile N of Mirya Peak. In the N part of the bay, the depth in the entrance is about
2.42

Good radar returns have been reported from Mirya Head at

2.41
11m, decreasing gradually E, but abruptly to the reef which ex-
16 miles. tends from the N shore; the bottom is sand and mud.
Sookana Shoals, with a least depth of 9.4m, lie about 1 mile
2.41
About 0.7 mile ENE of the N entrance point, a reef, on
2.42

NNW of Sookana Point, the NW extremity of Mirya Head. which the sea breaks heavily in bad weather, extends about 0.4
Kalbadevi Bay is entered between Sookana Point and Kurne
2.41
mile SSW. Close S of the S edge of this reef is a depth of 8.7m.
Point, about 2.5 miles NE.

Ratnagiri—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Finolex Dry Berth
Coal Jetty 82m — — — — Coal.
Finolex Tanker Berth
Chemical gases, LPG, and chemicals. Berth-
FST Jetty 50m 177m 9.5m 50.0m 20,000 dwt
ing length of 200m (including dolphins).

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 75

Depths of less than 7m extend nearly 1 mile NW of Kushipur

2.42 round wooded hill 280m high, about 9.5 miles ESE of The
Point. Brum Mudle Rock, 3.5m high, which breaks heavily Fort, is the only conspicuous feature.
during the Southwest Monsoon, lies about 0.3 mile NNW of Pavas Bay is entered S of Pavas Point (16°54'N., 73°17'E.).
2.43

the same point. Golap Hill, 120m high, lies about 1 mile NE of Pavas Point.
Aspect.—Ratnagiri Light is shown from a tall black and white
2.42 Vessels can anchor in Pavas Bay, in a depth of about 8.5m,
2.43

checkered, round, concrete tower on the S bastion of The Fort. A mud and sand, sheltered from NW winds.
radiobeacon and a racon are situated at the light. The coast between Pavas Bay and Purangad Bay, about 5
2.43

A palace, 83m high, is conspicuous about 2.3 miles E of Rat-

2.42 miles S, consists of rocky tableland and sandy bays, and is free
nagiri Light. from dangers.
Pilotage.—Pilots are not compulsory but are available by con-
2.42 Purangad Bay Light (16°49'N., 73°18'E.) is shown, except
2.43

tacting the port and board in position 16°52.5'N, 73°15.0'E. during the strength of the Southwest Monsoon, from the N en-
Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be reported to the
2.42 trance point of Purangad Bay. About 1 mile farther E, a ruined
charterers/shippers or consignees 7 days, 5 days, 3 days, 48 fort stands on a bare hill on the N side of the entrance to the
hours and 24 hours prior to arrival. Muchkundi River. Khavri, a mountain 346m high, lies about 10
It is reported that Ratnagiri port is closed during the summer
2.42 miles E of the river entrance.
monsoon period (June-September) and traffic is diverted about The coast between Purangad Bay and Wada Vetye (Yetia), a
2.43

5 miles N to Kalbadevi Bay. village about 6 miles S, consists of a rocky tableland; thence to
Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Ratnagiri Light; the
2.42 Ambolgarh Point, about 3 miles farther S, it is sandy and
Brief System is used. Further information on these storm sig- backed by a range of hills 84 to 97m high. A conspicuous hill,
nals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning 103m high, lies about 0.5 mile NW of Wada Vetye.
Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India— Ambolgarh Bay lies between Ambolgarh Point and Musaka-
2.43

Signals.” zi Point (Musargagi Point), about 1 mile SSE. There is a sandy

Contact Information.—See the table titled Ratnagiri—
2.42 beach at its head, and the ruins of a large salt works stand in a
Contact Information. valley on the S side.
Ambolgarh Reef, with a small drying patch at its center, lies
2.43

Ratnagiri—Contact Information about 0.4 mile SW of Ambolgarh Point; the sea breaks heavily
over this reef. A black conical buoy is moored near the SW ex-
Port Control tremity of the reef.
VHF VHF channel 16
2.44 Rajapur Bay (16°37'N., 73°20'E.) is entered between
Telephone 91-2352-222-160 Musakazi Point and Wagapur Point, about 1 mile SW; each
Facsimile 91-2352-222-160 point is about 21m high. A light is shown from September to
May from Musakazi Point. A light is shown from a tall, white,
Finolex Port Ranpar
square, concrete tower with black bands on Wagapur Point;
Call sign Finolex Port Marine Control Room foul ground extends about 0.1 mile WNW of the point.
VHF VHF channels 16 and 72 The coast between Wagapur Point and Vijayadurg Harbor,
2.44

about 2 miles S, consists of cliffs about 21m high. Holi Hill, 85m
91-2352-238-027 high, about 2.3 miles E of Wagapur Point, is a round sloping
91-2352-238-028 conspicuous hill on the E side of Rajapur Bay. It presents the
Telephone same appearance from all directions, and lies out from the table-
91-2352-238-029 land in this vicinity which is faced with steep cliffs.
91-2352-238-030 The Rajapur River flows into the head of Rajapur Bay at its
2.44

NE end. The bar of the river has depths of 1.8 to 2.3m; abreast
goel@svsgroup.in the village of Jaitapur, which lies on the S bank of the river
E-mail
vr@finolexind.com about 1 mile within its entrance, there are depths of 4.6 to
7.3m.
Anchorage.—At the beginning and end of the Southwest
2.42
Anchorage.—Rajapur Bay affords anchorage, in a depth of
2.44

Monsoon vessels should anchor, in 11m, with Ratnagiri Light 8m, protected from NW winds which may blow strongly, but
bearing 000°, distant about 0.7 mile. the anchorage is not safe during W winds, which raise a heavy
Vessels can anchor, in 9.6m, with Ratnagiri Light bearing
2.42
short swell in the bay.
315°, distant about 0.5 mile. Shallow draft vessels can anchor
farther N. 2.45 Vijayadurg Harbor (Viziadrug Harbor) (16°34'N.,
73°20'E.) is entered between Burmana Point (16°33'N.,
73°19'E.), 24m high, and a point about 1.5 miles NNE. Burma-
Ratnagiri Bay to Vijayadurg Harbor na Reef, over which the sea breaks, extends about 0.2 mile
2.43 Between Ratnagiri and the Muchkundi River (Mach- WNW and 0.2 mile NNW of Burmana Point. An 8.2m shoal
kandi River), about 11 miles S, the land rises gradually from lies about 0.2 mile NW of the same point.
the coast in undulating hills reaching a height of 200m about 5 A conspicuous fort stands on a projecting rocky point, about
2.45

to 6 miles inland. Chandralli (Dhulia) (16°56'N., 73°26'E.), a 26m high and 0.8 mile ENE of Burmana Point. This point
forms the W side of the entrance to the Vaghotan River. The

Pub. 173
76 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

fort is obscured from the S by the higher land in that direction. about 12 miles SSE, is similar to the coast N of Devgarh Har-
Vijayadurg Light is shown from a white steel tower with red
2.45 bor to Vijayadurg Harbor.
horizontal bands on the NE corner of the fort. Vijayadurg, a Devgarh Hill, 95m high, lies close to the coast, about 5 miles
2.47

small village, is situated about 0.8 mile S of the light. SSE of Fort Point. Devgarh Hill has been reported to give a
Depths—Limitations.—Depths in the harbor decrease reg-
2.45 good radar response at 14 miles.
ularly from about 12m in the entrance to the E shore of the bay. Achra Point (16°12'N., 73°26'E.), 41m high, is the N en-
2.47

Depths in the fairway between the point on which the fort lies trance point of the Achra River, which is only accessible to
and a cliff, 19m high, about 0.7 mile ENE, are about 6.5m, but boats. A light is shown during good weather from the point.
decrease sharply farther within the river to 3.7m. The coast from the mouth of the Achra River to the entrance
2.47

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken anywhere in the harbor,

2.45 of Kalavali Creek, about 7 miles SSE, is sandy and fringed
according to draft, during good weather. A convenient position is with coconut palms. A range of hills of moderate height, with
about 0.5 mile NNE of Vijayardurg Light, in 8m, mud. no conspicuous peaks, about 4 miles inland, extends roughly
parallel with the coast.
Vijayadurg Harbor to Malvan Bay Kura Patches, with a least depth of 9.6m, lies about 2 miles
2.47

SSW of Achra Point.

2.46 The coast between Vijayadurg Harbor and Devgarh Kura Islet (16°06'N., 73°27'E.), 9m high and the largest of
2.47

Harbor, about 10 miles S, is fairly regular, although entered by three rocks, lies in the center of a group of rocks, about 1.3
numerous streams and creeks. Steep, abrupt cliffs are fronted miles NW of the entrance of Kalavali Creek. A 10.5m patch
by sandy beaches and coves. The land behind the cliffs is flat, lies about 2 miles NNW of Kura Islet and about 1.5 miles off-
but farther inland it rises to bare rocky hills with no vegetation shore. A 5m patch lies about 0.7 mile S of Kura Islet.
except in the rainy season.
Devgarh Harbor (16°23'N., 73°22'E.) is entered N of Fort 2.48 Malvan Bay (16°06'N., 73°28'E.) is entered between
Point, which lies at the N end of a rocky peninsula, 37m high. Fort Rajkot and Sindhudrug Janjira, about 0.5 mile S. The en-
The peninsula appears like an island, but its S end is connected trance is much encumbered by rocky shoals, and the bay is ac-
to the mainland by a narrow sandy neck. The town of Devgarh cessible to shallow draft vessels but only during good weather.
lies NE of the sandy neck. Depths in the harbor restrict its use A conspicuous radio tower, with an elevation of 220m, stands
to vessels of comparatively shallow draft. 5.5 miles ENE of Malvan Bay.
An old fort, from which a light is shown, stands on Fort
2.46 Sindhudrug Janjira is a low fortified island on the coastal
2.48

Point. Two towers, 41 and 36m high, stand about 0.4 mile and reef, which is connected to the mainland E by a drying reef. A
0.7 mile, respectively, S of Fort Point; another tower stands light is shown from the W end of the island during good weath-
about midway between the two towers. The town of Devgarh er.
has a post office and a hospital. Fort Rajkot, on the N side of the entrance, has foul ground
2.48

Storm signals are shown at the light tower using the Brief
2.46 extending S and SE of it. A flagstaff, 21m high, is situated at
System. Further information on these storm signals may be the SW end of the fort. The town of Malvan is situated on the N
found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South side of the bay almost hidden by coconut palms.
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” Johnston Castle Rock, consisting of two rocky heads with
2.48

Round Hill, 108m high, and Saddle Hill, 140m high, lie
2.46 depths of less than 1.8m, lies about 0.4 mile W of the N end of
about 2.5 miles NNE and E respectively, of Fort Point. Sindhudrug Janjira.
Tides—Currents.—Outside the harbor the tidal currents are
2.46 Rajkot Rock, with a depth of 3.7m, lies about 0.3 mile SSW
2.48

irregular, both in strength and direction, being much influenced of Fort Rajkot.
by the wind; on several occasions they were observed to set Range lights, in line bearing 075.5°, at the head of the bay,
2.48

NW on the flood and SSW with the ebb, with a velocity of up lead through the buoyed fairway into Malvan Bay. The range
to 1.5 knots. lights and buoys are only in operation during good weather.
At the entrance to the harbor the currents attain a velocity of
2.46 Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor off the entrance to Malvan
2.48

1 to 1.5 knots with the spring ebb. Bay, in 15m, mud, with the N end of Sindhudrug Janjira bear-
Anchorage.—The recommended anchorage is with Devgarh
2.46 ing 095°, about 0.9 mile.
Harbor Light bearing 203°, distance 0.3 mile, and the N en- Shallow draft vessels can anchor in the bay in depths of 4m,
2.48

trance point of the harbor bearing 306°, in a depth of 6m. Far- on the range line, and with a small fort, situated about 0.2 mile
ther in depths shoal gradually; small vessels can find more NE of Sindhudrug Janjira, bearing 163°.
sheltered anchorage SE of Fort Point, in depths of 3 to 4m.
Directions.—Vessels proceeding into Devgarh Harbor
2.46
Malvan Bay to Vengurla Roads
should approach with Saddle Hill in line with the N side of the
fort on Fort Point, bearing 090°; when 1 mile from Fort Point, 2.49 The coast is sandy between Malvan Bay and a point
and when Mumbri Point bears 153°, steer 080° to pass 0.2 mile about 7 miles SSE, on which is situated the ruins of Niuti Fort.
N of Fort Point. Foul ground and depths of less than 5m extend Then to Vengurla Point, about 8 miles farther SE, the coast
0.3 mile SW from the N entrance point of the harbor, and 160m forms a bight with several rocky capes and sandy bays.
N from Fort Point, the fairway between being about 0.3 mile A prominent hill, 159m high, lies about 2 miles N of Niuti
2.49

wide. Fort. Bhubra Rock, awash, lies about 0.3 mile SW of the fort;
the rock is marked SW by a buoy, which is unreliable, and in
2.47 The coast between Devgarh Harbor and Achra Point, position only during good weather.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 77

Malvan Rock (16°02'N., 73°26'E.), with a swept depth of

2.49 Vessels should not use this channel at night, but should pass
2.50

2.5m, lies about 1.5 miles WSW of Sindhudrug Janjira. W of Vengurla Rocks in depths of 31 to 37m.
Caution.—When passing Malvan Rock at night Vengurla
2.49

Rocks Light (15°53'N., 73°28'E.) should not be brought to bear 2.51 Vengurla Roads (15°51'N., 73°37'E.) lies S and SW
more than 158°, nor should a vessel approaching this rock pro- of Vengurla Point, 79m high. Vengurla Point Light is shown
ceed into depths of less 27m. from a hexagonal masonry tower on the point; a flagstaff
Mandel Rock, 7m high, about 1 mile S of Sindhudrug Janji-
2.49 stands on the point.
ra, lies at the W edge of a group of shoals, some of which are Wagh-Giri, a conspicuous wooded mountain, 322m high,
2.51

awash. There are detached shoal patches, with depths of less lies about 5 miles ENE of Vengurla Point.
than 5.5m, about 0.7 mile SSE and SW and nearly 0.9 mile Tides—Currents.—Currents between Vengurla Point and
2.51

WSW of Mandel Rock. the N entrance to Karil Kachal Channel set N on the flood cur-
rent and S on the ebb, with a velocity of about 1 knot in spring
2.50 Square Rock (15°59'N., 73°27'E.), 11m high, lies tides.
about 4.3 miles NW of Niuti Fort, and provides a useful mark Depths—Limitations.—Berthing details are shown in the
2.51

to avoid the dangers N and S of it, and the foul ground extend- table titled Vengurla—Berth Information.
ing E of it to the coast. A 6.4m patch lies about 0.8 mile SSW
of the rock. Vengurla—Berth Information
Chaldea Rock, awash, lies about 2.5 miles WNW of Niuti
2.50

Fort; it lies at the S end of foul ground between it and the shore Berth Length Depth Remarks
NE. A buoy is moored about 0.5 mile WSW of the rock during Dry Berth
good weather.
Coastal Berth 42m 1.2m Closed.
Vengurla Rocks (Burnt Island) is a group of islets and rocks
2.50

in dangerous foul ground extending about 3 miles S of Karil

Rock (15°56'N., 73°28'E.), which is 14m high and the N of the Anchorage.—Large vessels can anchor, in 10m, with the
2.51

group. flagstaff on Vengurla Point bearing 036°, distant 1 mile, or

Some above-water rocks, steep-to on their N side, extend
2.50
closer inshore, in similar depths on the same bearing with the
about 137m NW of Karil Rock. A rock, awash, lies about 0.3 flagstaff distant about 0.4 mile.
mile E of Karil Rock. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in about 4m,
2.51

Vengurla Rock, 44m high and conical, lies about 2.3 miles S
2.50
in the bight on the E side of Vengurla Point.
of Karil Rock and is the highest of the group. Caution.—South West Point Rock, with a least depth of
2.51

Vengurla Rocks Light (15°53'N., 73°28'E.) is shown from

2.50
1.2m, and marked SW by a buoy, lies about 0.3 mile W of Ven-
the NW point of an islet about 0.3 mile SSW of Vengurla Rock. gurla Point.
Tapti Rock, the S danger of the group, lies about 0.8 mile
2.50
South Rock, with a depth of 3.2m, lies about 0.4 mile S of
2.51

SSW of Vengurla Rock, and consists of two rocky heads with Vengurla Point; shoal patches lie W and SW of it. A buoy,
less than 1.8m; it is steep-to on its S side. moored about 229m NW of South Rock, marks these dangers.
An islet, with a disused lighthouse near its SE extremity, lies
2.50
East Rock, with a depth of 1.8m, and marked W by a buoy,
2.51

about 0.3 mile NNW of Tapti Rock. lies about 0.3 mile SE of Vengurla Point.
Vengurla Rocks have been reported to give good radar re-
2.50
A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 16.5 miles W
2.51

turns at 18 miles. of Vengurla Roads. Another dangerous wreck, best seen on the
Anchorage.—Anchorage, with good protection from NW
2.50
chart, lies 7.5 miles SE of Vengurla Roads.
winds can be obtained, in a depth of 21m, mud, 1 mile ESE of
the S end of Vengurla Rock. Vengurla Roads to Marmagao Bay
Caution.—Between Malvan Rock and the S extremity of
2.50

Vengurla Rocks, except in the N end of Karil Kachal Channel, 2.52 Machlimar Point, 85m high, lies about 3.5 miles SSE
the bottom is sand and rock and there are sudden overfalls. No of Vengurla Point. The entrance of the Talavda River lies about
vessels should proceed into depths of less than 18.3m in this 1 mile SSE of the point.
vicinity. Karil Kachal Channel leads from seaward between Port Redi (15°45'N., 73°39'E.) is an open roadstead off Redi
Chaldea Rock and Karil Rock, about 1.3 miles SSW. A depth Point. Vessels load ore at the anchorage from lighters working
of 7.2m lies about 0.3 mile ENE of Karil Rock. A similar depth to jetties near the ore mines. The port is protected from N
lies about 0.3 mile S of Chaldea Rock. winds and currents by cliffs which almost encircle it. It is
Vessels coming from the N should approach this channel
2.50
closed during the Southwest Monsoon from mid-September to
with Wagh-Giri (15°53'N., 73°42'E.) bearing 105° and well mid-May.
open S of the point on which Niuti Fort stands. When the fort Redi Point is a flat rocky projection, 15m high at its W end.
2.52

bears 093°, steer through the fairway on that bearing which Redi Rock (Rairi Rock), 11m high, lies about 1 mile S of the
leads N of Karil Rock, in charted depths of about 9.6m. point, at the S end of foul ground extending W and SSW of the
When Vengurla Rock bears more than 186°, a vessel will be
2.50
point. Redi Fort (Rairi Fort), with an elevation of 34m, stands
E of the rock awash lying E of Karil Rock. Course may then be about 1 mile NE of Redi Point.
gradually altered SE to pass SW of Bhubra Rock, and then to Depths—Limitations.—Berthing details are shown in the
2.52

Vengurla Roads.

Pub. 173
78 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

table titled Port Redi—Berth Information Port Redi—Contact Information

E-mail ej@earnestjohn.com
Port Redi—Berth Information
Web site http://www.earnestjohn.com
Maximum
Berth Length Remarks
Size Pilots
Redi Port Call sign VHF channels 15 and 16
Iron ore and tranship-
2A 60m 1,000 dwt Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in about 13m, off
ment. 2.52

Redi Rock by vessels loading ore and in 9.1m, mud, about 0.8
Iron ore and tranship- mile SE of Havelock Rock.
2B 60m 1,000 dwt
ment. The Terekhol River (Tirakul River), about 2.5 miles SE of
2.52

Redi Point, is fronted by a bar with depths of about 2.5m, but

Pilotage.—Pilotage at Port Redi is not compulsory.
2.52 subject to change. Terekhol Fort lies on the brow of a hill on
The pilot boards in the general anchorage area about 2 miles
2.52 the N side of the river entrance.
W of Redi Point; vessels should anchor here to wait for the pi- Havelock Rock, a sharp pinnacle awash, lies about 2 miles
2.52

lot. Port authority is exercised by the Port Officer, who also W of the river entrance. Another rock, awash, lies nearly 0.5
acts as pilot. mile farther ENE.
Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the Redi
2.52 Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies in
2.52

Port Office 72 hours and 48 hours prior to arrival. The follow- approximate position 15°46.8'N, 73°36.3'E, about 3 miles NW
ing information should be included: of Redi Point. A wreck with a swept depth of 10m, lies in
1. Vessel name. 15°45.9'N, 73°36.9'E, about 2 miles NW of Redi Point. Anoth-
2. Flag. er wreck, best seen on the chart, lies in approximate position
3. Last port of call. 15°44'N, 73°34'E, about 5 miles W of Redi Point.
4. Next port of call. Chapora Fort (15°36'N., 73°44'E.), about 7 miles SSE of
2.52

5. Gross tons, net tons, and dwt. the Terekhol River, is easily identified by its black walls, and
6. Port of registry. stands on a high bluff on the S side of the entrance of the
7. IMO number. Chapora River.
8. Call sign. A conspicuous church is situated on Baga Point, about 2.5
2.52

9. Arrival draft and if loaded or if empty. miles farther S.

10. Cargo to be loaded. Aguada Bay (15°29'N., 73°47'E.), entered between Aguada
11. Location. and Kabo Rajniwas, about 1.8 miles SSE, affords anchorage to
Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Port Redi; the Brief
2.52 moderate-sized vessels during the Northeast Monsoon. The
System is used. Further information on these storm signals bay is free from dangers, but strong W winds produce a heavy
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) swell.
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
nals.” 2.53 Panaji (15°30'N., 73°49'E.) (World Port Index No.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Port Redi—
2.52 48960), the capital and seat of government of the State of Goa,
Contact Information. Daman, and Diu, is situated on the S bank of the Mandavi Riv-
er, which enters the head of the bay. The city is well built, with
Port Redi—Contact Information prominent buildings along the waterfront. A bridge spans the
river at the E end of the city.
Port Office Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Panaji is 2.3m at
2.53

Call sign Redi Port MHWS and 2.06m at MHWN.

The ebb current sets strongly out of the Mandavi River, but is
2.53

VHF VHF channel 16

weak at the anchorage off Aguada, where the flood current is
Telephone 91-2366-268-590 barely perceptible.
Facsimile 91-2366-268-591 Depths—Limitations.—Depths in the entrance of Aguada
2.53

Bay are about 7.6m, decreasing gradually to the head of the

E-mail info@rediport.com bay.
Web site http://www.rediport.com Outer Patches, with a least depth of 0.9m, lies about 0.8 mile
2.53

W of Cabo Rajniwas.
Port Head Office Munbai (Bombay) The bar of the Mandavi River, which is subject to frequent
2.53

91-2222-832-017 change, has a depth of 2.1m during good weather. During the
Telephone Southwest Monsoon, heavy breakers extend across the en-
91-2222-831-968 trance and render it impassable.
91-2222-843-250 The main channel, less than 183m wide, lies between sand
2.53

Facsimile banks extending about 0.9 mile SW of Raij Magus, the N en-
91-2222-872-696 trance point of the river, and about 0.5 mile SW from Gaspar
Dias, the S entrance point of the river. Raij Magus Light is

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 79

shown from mid-August to mid-June from a white round tower Panaji—Contact Information
0.3 mile NNE of Raij Magus Point.
In 1987, a shoal depth of 2m existed about 0.5 mile SW of
2.53
91-8322-225-070
Gasper Dias. Telephone 91-8322-420-580
Raij Sand, which dries, lies in the fairway W of Panaji.
2.53

The dangers in the channel are not marked.

2.53
91-8322-420-579
Most cargo is worked from anchorage.
2.53 91-8322-420-582
The port has a jetty, 92m long, with an alongside depth of
2.53
Facsimile
91-8322-421-483
4.3m. There is a pier for inspections and surveys of barges and
small craft up to 75m in length and a beam of 15m can be ac- Hours 0930-1745
commodated.
Port Captain
Aspect.—Aguada is a bold bluff headland, 80m high, which
2.53

appears from seaward to have a flat summit. The headland is 91-9225-905-926 (mobile)
fortified on its N side; a fort with a flagstaff lies on its S side, Telephone
91-9890-331-573 (mobile)
with a disused white round tower.
Aguada Light is shown from a white rectangular tower close
2.53
E-mail captainofports@eth.net
N of the fort; a tower lies close SE in the N part of the fort. A
racon is situated at the light. Another light is shown about Anchorage.—During good weather large vessels can anchor
2.53

183m S of the tower. in about 14m, mud, about 2 miles W of Aguada.

A chapel, with an elevation of 74m, stands about 0.5 mile E
2.53 Vessels of moderate size can anchor, in 6.4m, mud, with
2.53

of Aguada Fort Light. Aguada Fort Light bearing 333°, distant 1 mile.
The coast close N of Aguada is low and a heavy surf always
2.53
Caution.—Vessels approaching from the N should give the
2.53

runs along the foreshore. W extremity of Aguada a berth of at least 1 mile.

Kandoli Hill (Condolim Hill), about 2 miles N of Aguada, is
2.53
Vessels approaching from the S should take care to avoid the
2.53

easily recognized by three conspicuous banyan trees, with an dangers in the entrance to Marmagao Bay and the foul ground
elevation of 101m, which lie on it. extending W from Kabo Point.
Kabo Point, at the W extremity of the island of Goa, is a
2.53
A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies within the
2.53

prominent headland, 55m high. A conspicuous church spire is NE portion of Anchorage C.

situated near the seaward end of the headland.
A group of radio masts, with an elevation of 86m, stand near
2.53 Marmagao (Mormugao) (15°26'N., 73°48'E.)
the summit of Panaji Hill, S of Panaji. A conspicuous water
tower, with an elevation of 82m, is situated about 0.5 mile far- World Port Index No. 48970
ther SE.
Range lights, in line bearing 053.9°, lead close W of Outer
2.53
2.54 Marmagao Bay is entered between Mormugao Head
Patches and across the bar at the entrance to the Mandavi Riv- and Kabo Point, previously described with Aguada Bay in
er. Range lights shown at Tejo and bearing astern 191.2°'' lead paragraph 2.53, about 3 miles N. The entrance to the bay is en-
through the channel W of Raij Sand. These lights are extin- cumbered with shoals. The Grande Islands lie in the S ap-
guished during the Southwest Monsoon when the bar is closed proach to the bay.
to navigation. Marmagao is one of the oldest ports on the west coast of In-
2.54

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory in the Mandavi River as

2.53
dia, protected by a breakwater as well as a mole constructed E
well as for vessels proceeding to the inland portions of the of the seaward end of the breakwater. The port lies on the N
Mandavi River and the Zuvari River. Local pilots may be en- side by Marmagao Head. It is the leader in exporting iron ore
gaged by contacting the Captain of the Port, Panaji. in India as well as manganese ore and alumina. Imports include
Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the Port
2.53 petroleum products, chemicals, other general cargo and a
Captain 4 days, 3 days, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior to arrival. growing container trade.
Panaji is a fair weather anchorage port making any cargo op-
2.53

erations worked from anchorages impossible during the Sum- Port Authority of Marmagao
mer Monsoon period (about May 15 through September 15).
Signals.—Storm signals are shown at Panaji and the Brief
2.53
http://www.mptgoa.com
System is used. Further information on these storm signals
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) Winds—Weather.—Occasional strong NE winds from
2.54

South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig- about the middle of February to the end of March cause a
nals.” heavy swell in Marmagao Bay. These winds usually last from 3
Contact Information.—See the table titled Panaji—Con-
2.53
days to a week and decrease in strength from sunset to sunrise.
tact Information. However, it has been cautioned by the local authorities that the
weather deteriorates without warning.
Panaji—Contact Information Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Marmagao is 2.3m at
2.54

Port Office MHWS and 1.6m at MHWN.

Tidal currents in the outer anchorage off Marmagao Bay are
2.54

VHF VHF channels 16 and 74 weak.

Pub. 173
80 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

Depths—Limitations.—The port is approached through a

2.54 dated in midstream.
dredged channel entered between Lighted Buoy No. 1 and The port authority applies an underkeel clearance of 1.2m
2.54

Lighted Buoy No. 2, moored 2 miles W of Marmagao Point. and a swell allowance of 0.5m. During the Southwest Monsoon
The channel, which leads to the inner anchorage and the berth- period a higher swell allowance is used.
ing area, is about 4.6 miles long and 250m wide. The channel A quay extends 1.5 miles E and SE from the root of the
2.54

has been dredged to a depth of 14.4m (2004). Dredged depths breakwater and affords ten numbered berths, including berths
may change due to silting; mariners are advised to contact the for tankers and ore carriers at its SE end.
local authorities for the latest information. Limitations at these berths are given in the accompanying ta-
2.54

Turning circles, as seen on the chart, have been established

2.54 ble titled Marmagao Bay—Berth Information.
within the port, as follows: Draft limitations for the these berths are subject to frequent
2.54

1. No. 1, with a maintained depth of 14.1m. change in conjunction with the state of tide, underkeel clearance,
2. No. 2, with a maintained depth of 13.1m. prevailing sea, and weather conditions. Details of changes can be
Vessels up to 70,000 dwt, with a maximum draft of 12m, can
2.54 obtained from the local pilot or the Port Officer.
berth alongside. Vessels up to 275,000 dwt can be accommo- A cruise berth is located on the E side of the breakwater.
2.54

Marmagao Bay—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Adani Mormugao Port Terminal (AMPTPL)
No. 07 300m 14.5m 280m — 50.0m 209,172 dwt Coal and bunkers.
JSW South West Port
No. 05 210m — 200m 14.1m 32.3m 80,000 dwt Coal, iron ore, breakbulk, bunkers, and steel
No. 06 240m — 240m 14.1m 50.0m 209,240 dwt products. Continuous berth length 450m.
Mooring Dolphin Berths
No. 1
— 14.1m 225m — 32.26m 70,000 dwt Berth length 3of 40m including dolphins.
&2
No. 2
— 14.1m 225m — 27.0m 70,000 dwt Berth length of 340m including dolphins.
&3
No. 3
— 14.1m 225m — 32.26m 70,000 dwt Berth length of 340m including dolphins.
&4
No. 4
— 14.1m 225m — 32.26m 70,000 dwt Berth length of 340m including dolphins.
&5
No. 5
— 14.1m 225m — 32.26m 70,000 dwt Berth length of 340m including dolphins.
&6
Mormugao Cruise Terminal
Cruise
450m 9.5m 294m — 32.25m 11,763 dwt Cruise vessels and bunkers.
Berth
Mole
250m 9.5m 293m — 35.8m 7,900 dwt Cruise vessels and bunkers.
Berth
Mormugao Ore
No. 09 331m 14.1m 335m 14.0m 27.0m 160,000 dwt Iron ore and bunkers.
Mormugao Port Trust
No. 10 250m 13.1m 215m 11.4m 43.0m 55,000 dwt Chemicals, dirty products, containers, break-
bulk, aggregates, steel products, and bunkers.
No. 11 270m 13.1m 225m 12.8m 29.8m 65,000 dwt Continuous berthing length of 520m.
IOCL Terminal
Oil Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products,
Berth 50m 13.1m 260m 11.5m 38.0m 100,000 dwt condensate, dirty products, LPG, bunkers,
No. 8 and vegetable oils.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 81

Night navigation is permitted only during the fair season

2.54 St George’s Islands (15°23'N., 73°47'E.) consists of three is-
2.54

(mid-September to the end of May), but there are still restric- lands between 1.5 and 2.5 miles SSW of Marmagao Head.
tions placed on vessels working at Berths 9, 10, and 11. De- Grande Island is the collective name of the two S islands of the
tailed information should be obtained from the Harbor Master group, which are connected by a narrow reef of rock and shin-
if this is applicable. gle. The W of the two islands, 76m high and conical, is bold,
A floating dock extends NE from Berth No. 1. A breakwater
2.54 rocky, and covered with trees towards its summit. The E island
extends NE from between Berth No. 2 and Berth No. 3. Both rises to a 76m summit at its E end, which, with the N side of
structures are best seen on the chart. the island, is covered with jungle. Sail Rock, lies close SSW of
Vessels requiring to top-off to their seasonal mark may be
2.54 the E most Grande Island and remains uncovered to a height of
permitted W of the breakwater during fair weather season. 13m with a wreck next to a reef that covers and uncovers to
Several mooring buoys are situated E and SE of the head of
2.54 1.5m close NE.
the mole. Five finger piers for small vessels and barges lie Pikene Island, the third island of the St George’s group, is
2.54

within 0.2 mile SE of the Berth No. 9. In the harbor there are about 61m high and lies about 1.5 miles NE of Grande Island.
six mooring dolphins for working cargo in stream. This circular island is flat-topped, precipitous, and covered
A 5m patch lies about 0.5 mile NE of the E end of the island;
2.54 with trees.
other patches, with depths of 3.9m, lie 0.7 mile N and 0.6 mile
NNW of the same position.
Saint George’s Reef lies about 0.3 mile E of Grande Island.
2.54

Sail Rock, 13m high, lies about 0.5 mile S of the W end of
2.54

Grande Island; this pillar rock can easily be mistaken for a sail.
Saint George’s Bank, with a least depth of 8.3m, lies about
2.54

0.7 mile WNW of Grande Island.

Martha Patches, a group of rocky shoals with a least depth of
2.54

5.6m, lie about 1 mile N of Grande Island.

Marmagao Rocks, with a least depth of 6.7m, lie about 0.5
2.54

mile N of Marmagao Point and are marked on their S side by

Lighted Channel Buoy No. 6.
A 9.6m patch and a 9.4m patch lie about 0.6 mile NNW and
2.54

0.35 mile W of Marmagao Point, respectively.

Amee Shoals, close N of Marmagao Rocks and lying in the
2.54

middle of the entrance to Marmagao Bay, is a group of shoals

and an obstruction with a least depth of 0.3m.
Sunchi Reefs lie about 1 mile SW of Cabo Rajniwas. Mariv-
2.54 2.54 North Head Breakwater Light
el Patches, with a least depth of 0.4m, lie close NE.
Kambariam Islet (Buffalo Rock), 6m high, lies about 1 mile
2.54 Grande Island Light is shown from a four-sided metal tower
2.54

SW of Marmagao Point, the NW extremity of Marmagao on the summit of the W island. In 1974, an obstruction was re-
Head. Foul ground extends about 0.2 mile N of the islet. ported 1.5 miles WSW of Grande Island Light. A prohibited
Sawyer Patches, with depths of 4.9m, lie about 0.5 mile N of
2.54 anchorage projects 1.8 miles W and 1 mile S from the W end
Kambariam Islet. of Grande Island.
It has been reported that dredging is in progress (2016) to ac-
2.54 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels should send, via
2.54

commodate vessels with a draft of 18m. their agent, a request for pilotage, at least 48 hours in advance.
Aspect.—Marmagao Head (15°24'N., 73°48'E.), about
2.54 Vessels awaiting a pilot may anchor, in about 13m, mud,
2.54

61m high, is a tableland peninsula with steep sides, especially about 2 miles WNW of Marmagao Point.
W. It is connected to the mainland SE by a narrow neck of low In fair weather, pilots board close S of Anchorage B in posi-
2.54

ground. tion 15°24'31.2''N, 73°43'03.0''E. During the monsoon season,

The S side of Marmagao Bay is bold and rocky, rising to the
2.54 pilots board close E of Buoy No. 7 and Buoy No. 8 in position
tableland of Marmagao Head. 15°25'13.8''N, 73°47'45.0''E.
The N shore of the bay between Kabo Point and Nazaret
2.54 Pilotage is available 24 hours during the fair weather season
2.54

Point, about 4.5 miles ESE, consists of alternating stretches of (September to May), but is not available at night during the
sand and rock. The land within is covered with jungle and rises Southwest Monsoon (June to September). During these times,
to an elevation of 45m. vessels are guided up to the breakwater by the pilot launch and
A radio mast, with an elevation of 175m, is conspicuous
2.54 with assistance from the VTMS.
about 2 miles NNW of Nazaret Point. Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA, via their
2.54

A conspicuous water tower, with an elevation of 94m, is situ-

2.54 agent, 48 hours, and 24 hours in advance.
ated about 0.4 mile SE of Marmagao Point. A Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) controls traf-
2.54

North Head Breakwater Light is shown from a white con-

2.54 fic to the approaches to Marmagao Harbor. Vessels should con-
crete tower at the N point of the breakwater. tact Marmagao VTMS Center on VHF channel 16 (call sign:
A mole extends E about 0.1 mile from E side of the breakwa-
2.54 Goa Port) when within 2 hours prior to arrival or no less than a
ter; Breakwater East Head Light is shown from a squat mason- radius of 12 miles from the breakwater.
ry tower at the head of the mole. Vessels at anchor should maintain a continuous listening
2.54

Pub. 173
82 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama

watch on VHF channel 16. Anchorage can be taken in Marmagao Bay, in 7m, about 0.6
2.54

Signals.—The quarantine signal of the International Code of

2.54 mile NE of the head of the breakwater.
Signals must be shown by all vessels entering the port, and A wreck lies in the S part of Anchorage C in position
2.54

kept flying until pratique has been granted. The health official 15°25.3'N, 73°41.6'E.
boards either at the anchorage or alongside the quay. Radio Anchorage is prohibited between Searle Patch (15°27'N.,
2.54

pratique may be granted. 73°48'E.) and Amee Shoals, 1 mile SW.

A signal station is near the NW extremity of Marmagao
2.54 Anchorage is also prohibited off the W end of Grande Island
2.54

Head. Storm signals are displayed from a flagstaff; the General (15°21'N., 73°46'E.) and about 0.5 mile and 1.5 miles SE of
System is used. Further information on these storm signals Pikene Island (15°23'N., 73°48'E.).
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) Directions.—Vessels bound for Marmagao Bay from the S
2.54

South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig- should pass about 2 miles W of Grande Island and about 1 mile
nals.” W of Kambariam Islet, then steer NE to enter the buoyed chan-
Contact Information.—See the table titled Marmagao—
2.54 nel.
Contact Information. Vessels approaching from N should steer to pass about 2
2.54

miles W of Aguada Head (15°29'N., 73°46'E.), then keep

Marmagao—Contact Information Kambariam Islet in range with the E end of Grande Island,
bearing 168°; this leads W of all dangers in the entrance to
Port Marmagao Bay.
Call sign Marmagao Port Caution.—At night do not proceed into depths less than
2.54

13m when between Aguada Head and the Saint George’s Is-
VHF VHF channels 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16
lands.
Telephone 91-8322-520-184 The sea breaks heavily on the dangers in the entrance during
2.54

the Southwest Monsoon.

91-8322-520-184
During the Southwest Monsoon, in presence of heavy swell
2.54

Facsimile 91-8322-521-105 at the approach to the port, good steerage should be maintained
91-8322-521-155 while rounding the breakwater to avoid being set E; ensure
there is sufficient underkeel clearance to allow for the swell
E-mail mptgoa@mptgoa.com and maneuvering.
Web site http://www.mptgoa.com A spoil ground lies 2 miles WNW of Marmagao Point be-
2.54

tween Anchorage Area A and Anchorage Area B, as seen on

Port Health Office the chart.
Facsimile 91-8322-512-213 Submarine Exercise Areas are centered 30 miles and 45
2.54

miles W and 20 miles SW of Marmagao Head.

Signal Station A channel, marked by lighted and unlighted buoys, leads S
2.54

91-8322-594-807 of the spoil ground and N of Marmagao Head to the harbor.

Telephone It has been reported (2022) port facilities are poorly main-
2.54

91-8322-522-868
tained and aging and numerous derelict vessels are permanent-
Adani Terminal ly moored throughout the port.
Telephone 91-8322-594-253
Marmagao Bay to Cape Rama
Facsimile 91-8322-520-115
Web site www.adaniports.com 2.55 The coast between Cola Bay (15°22'N., 73°53'E.) and
the Sal River, about 14 miles SSE, consists of low cultivated
Traffic/VTS land with several churches on small hills.
Call sign Goa Port Anchorage, sheltered from NW winds, can be taken, in a
2.55

depth of about 7m, in Cola Bay.

VHF VHF channels 14 and 16 The Sal River, entered close N of Betul Point (15°08'N.,
2.55

91-8322-594-747 73°57'E.), may only be used by small vessels and local knowl-
Telephone edge is required. Cargo is handled by lighters from the wharf at
91-8322-594-337 Betul, on the S side of the river entrance. A light, 15m in height,
stands about 1 mile NE of Betul Point.
Anchorage.—Outer anchorage areas, best seen on the chart,
2.54
Chandreshwar Bhutnath Temple stands on a hill, with an ele-
2.55

have been established off Marmagao Head, as follows: vation of 349m, about 7 miles NE of the entrance to the Sal
1. Anchorage Area A (Waiting Area)—2.6 miles NW. River.
2. Anchorage Area B (Waiting Area),—4 miles WNW. Anchorage can be obtained, in about 10m, mud, from 1.3 to
2.55

3. Anchorage Area C (Deep Draft Vessels)—5.5 miles 2.3 miles W of Betul Point.
WNW. Canaguinim Bay is entered between Canaguinim Point,
2.55

4. Examination Anchorage—3 miles WSW. about 1 mile SW of Betul Point, and Moliem Point, about 2
Smaller vessels can anchor, in about 10m, about 0.1 mile
2.54
miles SW. Two rock patches, each drying 1.2m, lie about 0.1
ESE of Marmagao Head. mile and 0.3 mile, respectively, SW of Canaguinim Point.

Pub. 173
 Sector 2. India—West Coast—Diu Head to Cape Rama 83

Cliffs, about 38m high, lie on the E half of the bay. A rocky is- 1.3 miles SSW. Cliffs at the head of the bay rise to elevations
let, 0.9m high, lies at the head of the bay. of 40 to 61m. A small islet lies close W of Moliem Point.
Anchorage can be taken, in 9.1m, 0.5 mile NNE of Moliem
2.55 Anchorage can be obtained, in about 11m, mud, 0.5 mile
2.55

Point. NNE of Cape Rama.

Rama Bay lies between Moliem Point and Cape Rama, about
2.55

Pub. 173
 85
3.
Sector 3—India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

3.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 3 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 87

SECTOR 3
INDIA—WEST COAST—CAPE RAMA TO CAPE COMORIN

Plan.—This sector describes the W coast of India from Cape

3.0 and the channels are subject to frequent change.
Rama to Cape Comorin. The arrangement of the sector is from
N to S. 3.4 Karwar (14°49'N., 74°07'E.) (World Port Index No.
48990) is a lighterage port on the SE side of Karwar Bay.
General Remarks 3.4Tides—Currents.—The average maximum tide rise is 1.6m
MHWS and 0.7m at MHWN.
3.1 The Western Ghats continue parallel to the coast at Depths—Limitations.—A channel, about 2.5 miles long,
distances of 5 to 25 miles inland. These mountains have gener- 150m wide, and dredged to a minimum depth of 10.0m to as
al heights of 750 to 900m, and attain heights of 1,800m. Pal- deep as 10.7m, leads to the Baitkal Cove, where the alongside
ghat Gap, a striking feature on this coast, lies between the wharf facilities for Karwar are located. The channel is marked
parallels of 10°52'N and 10°35'N. This break in the Western by lighted buoys and a range light. A turning circle dredged to
Ghats is about 16 miles wide; its S side is formed by Kollen- a depth of at least 10m lies at the junction between the ap-
gode Bluff, which lies about 48 miles NE of Kochi (Cochin) at proach channel and Baitkal Cove.
the NW end of the Anaimalai Hills. North of Palghat Gap, gen- On the SE side of Baitkal Cove is a quay, 560m long, divided
tle slopes and gradually widening valleys succeed the forest- into two berths. One berth, 355m in length, can accommodate
clad uplands, until near the coast, where the low tablelands two vessels with a maximum draft of 9.75m; the other berth is
shelve into rice plains and backwaters fringed with coconut a lighterage wharf, 205m in length, dredged to a depth of 2.5m
palms. South of the gap is an extensive hill area, which in- alongside. A stone masonry wharf, nearly 244m in length with
cludes some mountains, almost detached and precipitous on an alongside depth of 2.5m, is located in the NW side of Bait-
their W sides, which are connected with lower hills diminish- kal Cove. A port expansion project is in progress (2016) with
ing in height towards the coast. The coastal belt, extending construction of new jetties.
about 10 miles inland, is flat and covered with an almost un- Aspect.—Loliem Point (Lolien Point) (14°55'N., 74°03'E.),
broken belt of coconut and areca palms; high white sand dunes in the N approach to Karwar, attains an elevation of 175m
and areas of red sand along the coast form good landmarks. about 0.2 mile inland, and is steep, rocky, and well-wooded.
Tortuous rivers flowing into lagoons and backwaters are con- Loliem Rocks, awash at LW springs, lie about 1 mile S of Lo-
nected in places by canals and, between Alappuzha (Alleppey) liem Point; a rock, with less than 1.8m over it, lies about 0.2
and Ponnani, 85 miles NNW, form a continuous line of smooth mile N of the rock. Black Rock (Kumbae), 19m high and
water. fringed with rocks, lies about 1.8 miles SE of Loliem Point.
Kangiguda Island, 51m high, lies about 4 miles SE of Loliem
Cape Rama to Karwar Bay Point and about 0.2 mile offshore.
3.4Oyster Rocks (14°49'N., 74°04'E.) consist of a prominent
3.2 Cape Rama (15°05'N., 73°55'E.) projects 1 mile W group of islands and rocks. Devgad Island (Devgadgudda Is-
from Rama False Bluff, which rises abruptly E of the tableland land), 44m high to the tops of the trees, is the largest and high-
of Cape Rama to a height of about 200m. The land then rises est island; it is bold, rocky, and steep-to on its W side.
gradually E in a succession of hills for a distance of 4 miles 3.4Oyster Rocks Light, with a racon, is shown from a red round
and terminates in East Peak, 448m high. Kankon Peak (Kana- masonry structure, with white bands and a white cupola, on the
kona Peak), 646m high, about 9 miles ESE of Cape Rama, is summit of Devgad Island.
the W summit of a range of hills extending E, and is separated Kurmagad Island (Kurmagadgudda Island), encircled by for-
from East Peak by a gap. tifications and with its summit rising to a height of 60m, lies
3.2Cape Rama is prominent and has a fort on it, but during the about 2.5 miles N of Karwar Head. The island is surrounded by
thick weather of the Southwest Monsoon, no part of this coast foul water, but there is a safe narrow channel, with charted
is visible for more than 4 or 5 miles. Good radar returns have depths of about 7m, between Kurmagad Island and Sunghiri Is-
been reported from Cape Rama at 16 miles. Pandigat Point land (Shimishgudda Island), 31m high, about 0.2 mile SW.
(Paidegal Point), about 5.5 miles SE of Cape Rama, is a steep 3.4Mandal Island (Mandelgudda Island), 26m high, lies about
projecting headland rising to an height of 192m; a village is sit- 0.2 mile SW of Devgad Island; a 5.2m patch lies about 183m E
uated on its N side. Kankon Islet, fringed by a reef, lies about 2 of the island.
miles farther SE. 3.4Karkal Island (Karkaigudda Island), 33m high and covered
with jungle, lies close E of Devgad Island. East Island, a bare
3.3 Karwar Bay (14°49'N. 74°06'E.) is entered between rock, 9m high, lies about 0.3 mile farther E. A 0.3m patch lies
Dayamada Point, the N entrance point of Kalinadi Creek, and between Karkal Island and East Island.
Badchidhar Point (14°48'N., 74°06'E.), the NW extremity of 3.4A rock, which dries 1.2m, lies close E of East Island; the sea
Karwar Head, about 2.8 miles SSW. Karwar Head, with an ele- breaks over this rock at HW. A detached shoal, with a depth of
vation of 207m, is covered with dense jungle. The entrance 2m lies close SE of this rock.
leading to Kalinadi Creek is much encumbered by sand banks 3.4Parker Rock, with a least depth of 4.7m, rock, sand, and

Pub. 173
88 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

Karwar—Contact Information
E-mail portofkrw@yahoo.com
Web site http://www.karnatakaports.in/karwar
Tugs
Call sign Karwar Port
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16

3.4Directions.—Vessels approaching or entering Karwar Bay,

either by day or night, should have no difficulty after having
made Oyster Rocks Light.
3.4Approaching from N, pass on either side of Sunghiri Island
(Shimishgudda Island) according to draft.
3.4The SW extremity of Kurmagad Island (Kurmagagudda Is-
land), bearing 131° in range with Guddehalli Betta, leads SW
of Loliem Rock.
3.4At night, steer for Port Karwar Light, bearing 124°, if pro-
ceeding to the inner anchorage.
3.4The E end of Mogeragudda Island in range with the W end
of Anjadip Island bearing 154°, barely leads clear of, by less
than 0.2 mile, the dangers E of Oyster Rocks.
3.4If approaching from S, pass between Oyster Rocks and Kar-
war Head. The summits of Kurmagadgudda Island and Ramna-
thguda, in range bearing 036°, lead clear of the dangers E of
Oyster Rocks Light Oyster Rocks; a white framework tower stands on the summit
of the island.
shell, lies about 2.5 miles NW of Devgad Island. A detached 3.4Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorage
10m patch lies close E of the rock. can be obtained NE of Karkal Island (Karkaigudda Island), in
A breakwater, 250m in length, lies close S of the end of the
3.4
10m, soft mud, with Oyster Island Light bearing 248°, distant
approach channel. about 0.8 mile.
Guddehalli Betta (Godhulli Peak) (14°47'N., 74°10'E.),
3.4
3.4The principal anchorage for working cargo (October-April)
550m high and conspicuous, lies about 4 miles WSW of Kar- is in the SE portion of Karwar Bay (14°49'N., 74°06.3'E.), in a
war Head; with the adjacent summit, appears from the S as a depth of about 7m, soft mud.
saddle-backed hill. 3.4Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor near the head
Mogeragudda Island and Gudsar Sunv (Karwar Rock) are
3.4
of Baitkal Cove, in a depth of 2.7m.
described in paragraph 3.5. 3.4Two anchorage areas established S of Oyster Rocks and are
Range lights N of Karwar Head, in line bearing 090.5°, lead bounded by lines joining the following positions:
through the dredged channel to Karwar. The initial range is 1. Area 1
picked up between Oyster Rocks and Karwar Head. a. 14°50.4'N,74°03.8'E.
A radar tower, as seen on the chart, stands about 1 mile SE of
3.4
b. 14°50.4'N,74°04.3'E.
Kelaginakeri. c. 14°49.9'N,74°04.3'E.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and available 24 hours.
3.4
d. 14°49.9'N,74°03.8'E.
Pilots are contacted on VHF channels 10, 12, and 16. 2. Area 2
Pilots board in 14°48.6'N,74°04.0'E.
3.4
a. 14°48.5'N,74°03.6'E.
Regulations.—Cargo operations at the anchorage are sus-
3.4
b. 14°48.5'N,74°04.2'E.
pended during the Southwest Monsoon period (May-Septem- c. 14°47.9'N,74°04.2'E.
ber.) Baitkal Cove provides year-round all-weather operations. d. 14°47.9'N,74°03.6'E.
The vessel should send its ETA 48 hours in advance.
3.4

Contact Information.—See the table titled Karwar—Con-

3.4
Karwar Bay to Honavar
tact Information.
3.5 Mogeragudda Island (14°48'N., 74°05'E.), 56m
Karwar—Contact Information high, rocky, and covered with jungle, lies about 0.5 mile SW of
Karwar Head. A 4.3m patch lies about 0.3 mile SSW of the is-
Port
land. Gudsar Sunv (Karwar Rock), with a least depth of 2.4m,
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16 lies about 0.5 mile WNW of Mogeragudda Island. The channel
Telephone 91-8382-221-342 between Mogeragudda Island and Karwar Head is free from
dangers, with a least charted depth of 7.6m in the fairway.
Facsimile 91-8382-221-528 Golikodlu Peak, a sharp peak 547m high, lies about 3 miles

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 89

E of Guddehalli Betta. a white tower with black bands on Kukra Islet. Belekeri Hill,
Anjadip Island (Angediva Island) (14°45'N., 74°07'E.), in 474m high and prominent from S and W, lies about 3.5 miles
the S approach to Karwar, lies about 3 miles S of Karwar Head. ENE of Kwada Point, at the SW end of a range which rises
A flagstaff lies at an elevation of 72m near the NW end of the near the coast N of Belekeri Creek.
island, with a church close ENE of it. A shoal patch, with a 3.7Dauglish Peak, 610m high, about 3 miles farther NE, is the
least depth of 3.2m and marked close E by a buoy, lies about summit of the range. Aversa Hills, about 1.5 miles SE of
0.2 mile SE of the SE extremity of the island. Round Island, Belekeri Hill, has two conspicuous peaks, the higher being
19m high and fringed by reef, lies about 0.7 mile ENE of the 125m high. Kandani Halla, a low valley terminating in a creek
same extremity. ENE of Belekeri Point, extends NE for several miles and shows
3.5The island forms a good breakwater and vessels have ridden in striking contrast to the high land on either side. Tulsi Parwat,
out the Southwest Monsoon here. A strong current sets SE a conspicuous black peak 521m high, lies about 6.5 miles NE
during this season. of Kusuldiva Gudda. Conical Hill, 374m high and cone-
3.5Caution.—A submarine pipeline is laid from a position shaped, lies about 2 miles NW of Tulsi Parwat.
ashore between Binaga Point and Baitkal Point, in a SW direc- 3.7Kusuldiva Gudda (14°38'N., 74°16'E.) is a table-topped hill
tion for about 0.5 mile, then for 1.5 miles in a WSW direction. 46m high; cliffs extend about 1.8 miles SE to the N entrance of
Vessels are advised to avoid anchoring in the vicinity. the Gangavali River. A rock, 3m high, lies about 0.5 mile N of
Kusuldiva Gudda.
3.6 Karwar Naval Harbor (14°46'N., 74°08'E.) lies be- 3.7Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory but is available on ap-
tween Binaga Point and Arge Cape, 2.5 miles SE. A restricted plication to the Port Officer at Karwar.
area, into which entry is prohibited, extends from a position 3.7Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 5
about 0.5 mile SE of Karwar Head to Kwada Point (14°43.0'N., days, 3 days, 2 days, and 24 hours in advance.Cargo operations
74°12.6'E.). A major Indian naval base, which includes ship- at the anchorage is suspended during the Southwest Monsoon
building and repairs facilities, is located on the NE side of the period (May-September).
bay. The base is approached through a dredged channel initially 3.7Contact Information.—VHF communication with Belekeri
heading N between Anjadip Island and Round Island, then NE is carried out through Karwar or directly to Beleken by tele-
and E to the Naval Jetty. The channel has depths that range from phone (91-8382-282-222). All other communications for
13.8 to 10.6m; however, mariners should consult the local port Belekeri are through Karwar port; contact information can be
authority for the latest information on depths in the approach found in paragraph 3.4.Anchorage.—Anchorage for medium-
channel to the Naval Jetty. The outer part of the channel is draft vessels can be obtained, in about 11m, mud, with Kukra
marked by lighted buoys and range lights in line bearing 000°. Island bearing 080°, distant 2.5 miles. Vessels with a shallower
North Breakwater connects Binaga Point with the N extremity of draft can anchor, in about 10m, mud, with Kukra Island Light
Anjadip Island; South Breakwater connects the SE extremity of bearing 055°, distant 2 miles.
Round Island with the NW extremity of Arge Island. Anchorage 3.7Caution.—Dangerous wrecks, marked close SE by lighted
can be obtained about 0.4 mile ENE of Round Island, in a depth buoys, lie about 1.5 miles WSW of Kukra Island, and 0.6 mile
of 11.7m, mud. A prohibited anchorage area lies about 0.4 mile SSW of Kukra Island Light.
SW of the Naval Jetty.
3.8 The Gangavali River (Gangawali River) (14°36'N.,
3.7 Belekeri (14°42'N., 74°15'E.) (World Port Index No. 74°18'E.) is shallow, and the channel is rendered tortuous by
49000) is a small iron ore loading port on the S of the entrance sand banks. Handegadda, 310m high, about 4.5 miles ENE of
to Belekeri Creek. It has a loading capability of 3,500 to 4,000 the river entrance, is a well-defined isolated summit. The coast
tons per day. Cargo is handled by lighters loading at a stone from the Gangavali River to Gokarn, about 3.5 miles SSE, is a
masonry wharf, 250m in length, in Belekeri Creek, and the an- low sandy beach fringed with coconut palms; a few miles in-
chorage at Belekeri Bay (Roads). Belekeri Bay (Roads) lies be- land several hills rise to elevations of up to 140m. The town of
tween Kwada Point and Kusuldiva Gudda, about 6.5 miles SE. Gokarn has several large temples.
Vessels will anchor in the N part of the Roads for cargo opera- The Aghnashini River (Tadri River) (14°31'N., 74°20'E.) is
3.8

tions. navigable for a short distance only, and local knowledge is nec-
3.7Depths—Limitations.—Belekeri Bay (Roads) has depths of essary to cross the bar; it is subject to constant shifting and has
less than 5m. Foul ground extends about 0.7 mile W of a least depth of 2.4m. Tadri River Light is shown from mid-
Belekeri Point (14°42'N., 74°15'E.), a low, flat, and rocky September to mid-June from a stone tower painted black and
point at the head of the bay. Several small islets lie close N and white at the NW entrance to the Aghnashini River. Rajaman
about 0.2 mile WSW of the point. Drug, a fort, lies at an elevation of 91m at the SE entrance
3.7Aspect.—Kwada Gudda, about 0.8 mile NW of Kwada point of the river.
Point, is the conspicuous summit of a steep, rocky headland, Kudaini Hill rises to an elevation of 135m about 0.7 mile
3.8

216m high. NW of Tadri River Light. A promontory, 66m high, lies about
3.7Arge Cape, about 3 miles WNW of Kwada Gouda, has a 1.3 miles W of Kudaini Hill.
summit close within the cape, 168m high. Arge Island, 52m Anchorage can be obtained, in 8m, mud, about 1.5 miles SW
3.8

high, lies about 0.2 mile S of the cape. Button Rock, small and of the bar, with the range beacons lying well up on a hill about
black, lies about 1.5 miles SSW of Arge Cape. Kukra Islet, 0.5 mile NE of Rajaman Drug, bearing 070°.
55m high and wooded, is conspicuous about 1.3 miles W of The coast between the Aghnashini River and Kumta Point,
3.8

Belekeri Point. A light is shown, from September to May, from about 6 miles SSE, is backed by several conspicuous land-

Pub. 173
90 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

marks. 5m; local knowledge is necessary.

Achuvi Moti Gudda, 835m high, is a prominent sugarloaf
3.8

summit, about 10.5 miles NE of the entrance to the Aghnashini Honavar —Contact Information
River. Port
3.9 Parvat Gudi (Danson Peak) (14°32'N., 74°27'E.) is 91-8387-220-243
Telephone
581m high and conspicuous; Spike Hill, about 90m lower, lies 91-9448-391-685 (mobile)
about 0.8 mile NW. Kudi Gudda, 321m high, about 3.5 miles
WNW of Parvat Guddi, is dome-shaped and prominent from Facsimile 91-8387-220-243
W. Gudeangdi Temple, about 3 miles N of Kumta Point, is con- http://www.karnatakaports.in/honnavar-
spicuous from the N and lies on the summit of a 39m hill close Web site
port/
to the coast.
Kumta Point (Kumpta Point) (14°25'N., 74°23'E.), marked
Honavar to Bhatkal
3.9

by a light, shown from mid-September to mid-June, lies at the

N entrance to a creek, with the town of Kumta about 1.5 miles
3.11 The coast between Honavar and the entrance to the
E. Snail Rock, 7m high, lies about 1.8 miles NW of the point,
Bhatkal River, is low and sandy with some rocky points. A
and 0.8 mile offshore; it resembles a snail when seen from N.
ridge, reaching an elevation of about 150m, extends about 2
A rock, awash, lies 0.5 mile N of Snail Rock.
miles along the coast from a position about 3 miles S of Hona-
3.9Anchorage.—Small vessels may anchor, with some shelter var. The ridge is covered with brushwood and contrasts strong-
from NW winds, in a depth of 6.1m, S of Kumta Point.
ly with the sandy shore; the cliffs, 46m high at its base are
3.9Ravana Gundi, a rocky headland with two summits, 103m prominent. Murdeshwar Island (Murdeshvar), an islet 31m
and 120m high, lies about 3.5 miles S of Kumta Point. This high, lies about 6.5 miles S of the above ridge. Hadimadi, a
headland appears saddle-shaped from the W, and shows up
rocky island, 7m high, lies about 0.8 mile SW of Murdeshwar
well at night. A 124m wedge-shaped reddish hill lies about 2.5 Island at the W end of foul ground extending from the coast.
miles NNE of Ravana Gundi. Hawkins Reef, awash, lies with its SW extremity about 1 mile
Basavarajadurg Island (Baswaraj Drug) (14°19'N.,
NW of Murdeshwar Island and about 1 mile offshore. Dart
3.9

74°24'E.) is 49m high and conspicuous. It is the site of an old Rock, with a least depth of 2m, lies about 1.8 miles WSW of
fort, in ruins, and is covered with trees and bushwood. Murdeshvar. Nisana Gudda, 423m high, is a conspicuous sad-
Indravati Patch, about 0.6 mile W of Basavarajadurg Island,
dle-shaped summit about 3 miles NE of Murdeshwar Island. It
3.9

is a rocky shoal with a depth of 4.6m; a 5m patch lies midway is connected at lower levels with a long sharp ridge farther in-
between the rocky shoal and the island. Kalti Gudda, 675m land, which extends about 2 miles SE and is very noticeable
high, about 9 miles ENE of Basavarajadurg Island, is the high-
from the S. Hudel Gudda, 536m high, about 6 miles ESE of Ni-
est peak of a range extending ENE; it is a conspicuous land- sana Gudda, is easily identified by its long flat summit. Ker-
mark in clear weather. ekund, a rocky islet 20m high, lies about 4 miles S of
Murdeshwar Island and on the W edge of the coastal reef. A
3.10 Honavar (14°17'N., 74°27'E.) (World Port Index No. rock, 3m high, and a rock, 7m high, lie about 0.5 mile NNE
49010) is an open roadstead port which enjoys some impor- and SE, respectively, of the islet. Between Kerekund and Bhat-
tance with a considerable export of iron ore, timber, tiles and
kal Fort, about 4.5 miles SE, the low and sandy coast is fringed
betel nuts; local vessels call regularly. The town lies on the N by foul ground extending up to 1.8 miles offshore. Shirali (Hog
side of the extensive estuary of the Sharavati River, about 0.8 Island), about 1 mile S of Kerekund, is a peaked island 102m
mile E of the river entrance. The bar of the river is dangerous
high. Two rocks, each drying 1.2m, lie close W and 0.2 mile
and constantly changing; the least depth over the bar was 1.8m SE, respectively, of the island. When in the vicinity of this is-
in 1974. At LW, there are heavy breakers, but at HW vessels of land do not enter into depths of less than 18m.
up to 3m draft can enter. There are no port operations during
Netrani (Pigeon Island) (14°01'N., 74°20'E.), about 9 miles
3.11

the summer months.

W of Shirali, is wooded and flat-topped with a conspicuous
Aspect.—A conspicuous monument lies on a hill, 43m high,
3.10

summit, 102m high. It is steep-to except for a rock, 16m high,

behind Honavar and about 1.5 miles NE of the river entrance.
off its S end, and a rocky shoal close E of the island.
Honavar Light, shown about 0.7 mile SW of the monument,
Anchorage, with some shelter from NW winds, may be
3.11

from mid-September to mid-June, is obscured by trees when

found, in 27m, mud, off the SE side of the island. Netrani has
bearing less than 035°.
been reported to give good radar responses at 17 miles.
Haravalli, a peak 532m high, about 7 miles E of Honavar, is
3.10

isolated and easy to identify. A 126m hill, about 3.5 miles S of 3.12 Bhatkal Fort (13°58'N., 74°32'E.), in ruins, lies on a
the monument, is also easy to identify.
rocky point, 46m high, at the entrance to the Bhatkal River.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not compulsory.
3.10

Bhatkal Light is shown from a square masonry tower with red

Contact Information.—See the table titled Honavar—
bands on the fort, and is obscured by Shirali on bearings between
3.10

Contact Information. 129° and 132°. The town of Bhatkal lies on the N bank of the
Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained, in 9m, sand
3.10

river, about 1.5 miles NE of the fort. The channel over the river
and mud, with the conspicuous monument bearing 082°, dis-
bar is very narrow and dangerous for ship’s boats.
tant 3 miles. Small vessels may anchor, with shelter from NW
Anchorage may be obtained, in 10m, with Bhatkal Light
3.12

winds, between Basavarajadurg Island and the coast E, in about

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 91

bearing 075°, distant 1 mile. Small vessels may anchor, in 7m, Coondapoor to a distance of about 1.3 miles offshore. Pate
sand and shell, with Bhatkal Light bearing 014°, distant 0.3 Rock, which dries about 1m, lies at the SW edge of this foul ar-
mile. ea. A rock, 4m high, lies about 0.2 mile NE of Pate Rock. A
Caution.—When approaching the port of Bhatkal, do not
3.12 4.6m patch and a 4.9m patch lie about 0.3 mile SSE and SE, re-
proceed into depths of less than 18.3m unless local knowledge spectively, of Pate Rock. Gangoli Shoals, with a least depth of
is available. Two wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 20 miles 3.2m, lie about 3.5 miles WNW of the port entrance. A 6m
and 8 miles WSW of the port. When approaching from the S, shoal lies about 2.8 miles WSW of the entrance. It is marked W
pass W of a 3m rocky shoal which lies about 1 mile SW of by a red and white striped barrel buoy from October to May. A
Bhatkal Light. Take care to avoid other rocky patches in the ap- 6m depth and a 7m depth lie about 1 mile NW and 1.5 miles
proach to Bhatkal, including two 5m patches and a 4m patch WNW of the 6m shoal. The bar across the entrance to
which lie about 1.3 miles WSW, 1 mile S, and 0.8 mile W, re- Coondapoor had a least depth of 2.5, and is constantly chang-
spectively, of Bhatkal Light. When approaching from the N, ing. Steering for the entrance, bearing 055°, leads over the bar
keep the summit of Shirali bearing not less than 006°, and alter in the deepest water. A dangerous wreck lies 3.8 miles W of the
course for the anchorage when Bhatkal Light bears 090°. The harbor entrance. Another wreck lies about 1.5 miles S of the
inner anchorage should be approached on a course of 087° above wreck.
from the outer anchorage, passing about 0.2 mile S of the pre- Aspect.—Coondapoor Light is shown from a steel mast,
3.14

viously-mentioned 4.3m patch. about 0.8 mile S of the entrance, from September 16 to May
15. It is difficult to distinguish from other white lights nearby.
Bhatkal to Coondapoor Tippu Sultan Gudda Light is shown from September 15 to May
15, about 1.5 miles NNW of the entrance. Two conspicuous
3.13 The coast between Bhatkal and Huddi Point, about objects are a white house is close NE and a gray chimney, 40m
1.3 miles SE, consists of cliffs up to about 60m high. Huddi high, 1 mile E of the entrance.
Point is a cliffy promontory, rising to a height of about 52m Anchorage can be taken, in about 13.5m, with Coondapoor
3.14

about 0.5 mile inland; a small rounded hill, 35m high, lies on Light bearing 076°, distant about 3.5 miles, and about 1 mile
the extremity of the point. The coast is then low and sandy to WSW of the 6m patch.
Coondapoor, about 20 miles SSE. Caution.—The bar across the entrance to Coondapoor is
3.14

Baindur Head (13°52'N., 74°36'E.), about 6 miles SSE of

3.13 perpetually changing. Continuous surf breaks across the en-
Huddi Point, is 61m high and cliffy. It is conspicuous from sea- trance with W winds, and it is advisable to enter only with the
ward, being the W point of a table and extending some distance in- aid of local pilots.
land. Kodachadri, an impressive sugarloaf peak 1,343m high, is The port is normally closed during the Southwest Monsoon,
3.14

isolated and conspicuous about 16 miles E of Baindur Head. usually from the middle of May until the middle of September,
When bearing more than 090°, it is obscured by Male Gudda, depending on the weather conditions. The lighted buoys mark-
893m high, about 9 miles W and prominent. Madalbare Gudda, ing the bar and the channel are removed during this time peri-
1,101m high, is prominent about 2 miles N of Male Gudda. od.
Yadamale Gudda, 843m high, is prominent about 5.5 miles
3.13

farther NNW. Two White Rocks (Double White Rocks), 4m Coondapoor to New Mangalore
high and close together, lie about 4 miles WNW of Baindur
Head, and are very prominent when the sun shines on them. 3.15 The coast between Coondapoor and Malpe, about
Single White Rock, 2m high, lies about 2 miles N, and a rock 17.5 miles S, is fringed by coconut trees and broken only by
awash lies about 0.8 mile SSE, respectively, of Two White the mouth of the Sitanadi River. The Saint Mary Isles consist of
Rocks. Coconut Island, Middle Rock, Entrance Rock, and the Darya
Caution.—Although the area inside the above dangers has
3.13 Bahadurgarh Islands. Passage between the islands is obstructed
been examined and dangers found, it is possible that others by numerous rocks and should not be attempted except by
may exist. It is recommended, therefore, that vessels should not small craft with local knowledge.
attempt to pass inside them, and they should keep in depths of Coconut Island (13°23'N., 74°40'E.), about 2.5 miles NW
3.15

more than 20m between Hog Island and Coondapoor. of Malpe, is well-wooded, with trees about 25m high. Foul
Nancowry Rock (13°48'N., 74°33'E.) consists of two rocky
3.13 ground surrounds the island and extends about 0.8 mile WNW
shoals; the W shoal has a depth of 3.2m. A rock, 3m high, lies to a rock which dries 2m. A rock, 2m high, lies about 2 miles
between Nancowry Rock and the coast. NW of the island and a chain of rocks, above and below-water,
extend about 3.5 miles farther NNE. Middle Rock, 3m high,
3.14 Coondapoor (Kundapur) (13°38'N., 74°41'E.) is an lies about 1 mile SSE of Coconut Island. Foul ground extends
open roadstead off the common entrance of the Haladi River up to 0.2 mile W and NW of Middle Rock. Entrance Rock,
and the Chakranadi River. The coast N of the river entrance 1.2m high, lies at the S end of a rocky ridge extending about
consists of low hills up to about 37m high. The coast S of the 0.2 mile S of Middle Rock.
entrance is flat, sandy, and fringed with coconut trees up to The Darya Bahadurgarh Islands consist of three islands.
3.15

24m high. A wreck, best seen on the chart, lies almost 4 miles North Island, 11m high at its SE end, is marked by Malpe
W of the harbor entrance. A shoal patch of 7.4m lies 2.1 miles Light, shown from a conspicuous square tower on the summit
W of Coondapoor Light. of the island. Darya Bahadurgarh Island, 16m high, lies about
Depths—Limitations.—Foul ground, with rocks above and
3.14 183m SE of North Island.
below-water, extends for about 3.5 miles N of the entrance to South Island (13°20'N., 74°42'E.) lies about 0.2 mile SE of
3.15

Pub. 173
92 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

Darya Bahadurgarh Island and has a rock, with a least depth of tioned wreck.
3.7m, about 0.2 mile SSE of it. Suratkal Point Light (13°00'N., 74°47'E.), with a racon,is
3.16

Anchorage can be obtained, in 9m, mud, about 1 mile WNW

3.15 shown from a 36m high white masonry tower with black bands
of the light structure on North Island. Small vessels can anchor, standing on Suratkal Point, about 5 miles S of the entrance to
in 6m, sand and mud, with the light structure bearing 185°, dis- the Mulki River. An aero light is occasionally shown from a
tant 0.5 mile. Small vessels can anchor, in 6.1m, mud and sand, very tall tower at Mangalore Airfield, about 6 miles ESE of the
about 0.5 mile E of the summit of South Island. point.
Malpe (13°21'N., 74°42'E.), a town of some importance to
3.15

coastal vessels, lies on the N side of the entrance to the Udiya- New Mangalore (12°55'N., 74°49'E.)
vara River. A white house is conspicuous on the N side of the
entrance about 0.2 mile inland. Malpe has four small jetties, World Port Index No. 49030
accommodating vessels up to 33m long with a draft up to 3.7m.
The open roadstead W of Malpe is afforded some protection by 3.17 The port of New Mangalore, a major all-weather port,
the Saint Mary Isles. The coast between Malpe and New Man- is situated about 5 miles NNW of Mangalore Old Port (see
galore, about 26 miles SSE, is straight and fringed with coco- paragraph 3.18). The harbor is protected by breakwaters that
nut trees. Black Rocks, 13m high and conspicuous, lie about 4 extend about 700m from the coastline at points N and S of the
miles S of Malpe. Two rocks, 3m high, and two rocks, 5m high, entrance. The port consists of a turning basin, with radius of
lie about 0.5 mile NW and 0.2 mile WSW, respectively, of 245m, dredged to a depth of 15.1m, oil and LPG jetties on the
Black Rocks. Outer Rocks, 13m high and prominent, lie about SW side of the lagoon and near the approach channel, and sev-
1 mile SW of Black Rocks. en berths contained in a basin extending N from the turning ba-
Pilotage is available if required.
3.15 sin. The berths are used for general cargo, the export of iron
Contact Information.—See the table titled Malpe—Con-
3.15 and manganese ore, and the import of materials for a chemical
tact Information. and fertilizer factory.

Malpe—Contact Information New Mangalore Port Trust (NMPT) Home Page

Port http://www.newmangaloreport.gov.in
VHF VHF channel 16
Telephone 91-820-253-7592 Depths—Limitations.—The port is approached by a chan-
3.17

nel, with lights in line bearing 78.9°, about 4 miles long and
E-mail dir@karnatakaports.in 245m wide; it is maintained by dredging to 15.4m and marked
Web site http://www.karnatakaports.in/malpe-port by lighted buoys. Several shoal patches, depths of 7.5 to 9.7m,
lie close S of the channel and are best seen on the chart.
A designed depth of 15.1m is maintained within the harbor
Caution.—Vessels in the vicinity of Black Rocks and Outer
3.17

3.15

leading from the entrance to the turning basin. However, depths

Rocks should not enter depths of less than about 15m by day or
within the channel and harbor are subject to siltation and liable
22m by night. The port is closed during the Southwest Mon-
to change. It has also been reported that the maximum depths
soon due to heavy swells.
allowable for entry into the harbor can be reduced during the
A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 45 miles W
3.15

Southwest Monsoon (May-September) period so vessels draw-

of New Mangalore.
ing 14m or more should check with the New Mangalore Port
Authority for the latest information.
3.16 Kap Light (13°13'N., 74°44'E.), about 8 miles SSE of
Malpe, is shown from a white tall masonry tower with black In the NE part of the harbor, multi-purpose berths Nos. 1 to 7
3.17

bands standing on a rock near a battery in ruins. Kap Rock, can accommodate vessels with maximum drafts ranging from
7.0 to 10.5m.
12m high, is prominent about 1.5 miles NNW of the light. A
rock, 1m high, with a drying rock close NE, lies about 1 mile Coal and bulk berths are situated in NW part of the harbor
3.17

SSW of Kap Rock. and at the berths W of the multi-purpose berths.

An iron ore berth, 300m long, accommodates vessels up to
Mulki Rocks, some of which are 12m high and of black ba-
3.17

3.16

60 000 dwt and a maximum draft of 12.5m, is situated on the

salt, lie about 4 miles WSW of Kap Light.
SE side of the harbor; the berth is exposed to swell during the
Caution.—Vessels in this vicinity at night should keep in
3.16

Southwest Monsoon.
depths of not less than 24m. A 4m depth lies about 3 miles SW
of Kap Light. Kunjar Gudda, 74m high, is a prominent land- Oil and chemical jetties are situated in the S side of the har-
3.17

mark about 4 miles NE of Kap Light. Valkunji (Buffalo’s bor; the S arm of the harbor can accommodate LPG, crude and
product tankers with a maximum draft of 10.5 to 14.0m.
Hump), 1,041m high, a peak of the Western Ghats about 18
miles farther ENE, is well-defined and shaped like a buffalo’s Berth limitations are given in the accompanying table titled
3.17

New Mangalore—Berth Information.

hump. The town of Mulki, with a church on high ground, lies
about 8.5 miles SSE of Kap Light, and about 1 mile NE of the Aspect.—Fairway Lighted Buoy is moored about 4 miles W
3.17

entrance to the Mulki River. A dangerous wreck lies approxi- of the port. Range lights, in line bearing about 079°, at the E
side of the port, mark the approach channel through the en-
mately 1.5 miles W of the entrance to the Mulki River. Another
dangerous wreck lies about 5 miles NW of the previously-men- trance.
A signal station and port radio station are situated on the N
3.17

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 93

entrance point of the port. A white concrete tower lies close S or to arrival.
of the S entrance point. Two towers, one of which is conspicu- An ETD message should be sent to Port Control 1 hours pri-
3.17

ous, lie a short distance inland from the head of the harbor. or to departure.
There is a conspicuous water tower about 0.2 mile S of the S A Vessel Traffic Management System is in operation in the
3.17

entrance point of the harbor. port. Vessels will be automatically identified as they enter the
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 200 gt
3.17 port (about 4 miles from the inner harbor) so there will be no
and is available 24 hours for vessels up to 245m in length. Ves- need for communications between the vessel and Port Control.
sels whose loa exceeds 245m, including Suezmax tankers, are Signals.—Storm signals are displayed from the signal sta-
3.17

handled only during daylight hours. tion; the General System is used. Further information on these
Pilots board, as follows:
3.17 storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions
1. Vessels with a maximum draft up to 10m—About 1 (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean un-
mile ENE of Fairway Lighted Buoy (12°55'13.8''N, der “India—Signals.”
74°45'33.0''E.). Contact Information.—See the table titled New Manga-
3.17

2. Deep-draft vessels—Close NW of Fairway Lighted lore—Contact Information.

Buoy (12°54'57.0''N, 74°44'16.8''E.). Anchorage.—Anchorage is recommended NNW of Fairway
3.17

Regulations.—Vessels should send an ETA message at least

3.17 Lighted Buoy, in depths of 16 to 18m.
48 hours in advance. The message should contain the following Caution.—Stay well clear of a dangerous wrecks lying close
3.17

information: S of the anchorage and SW of the port limit. Haze settles over
1. Vessel name. the land after sunrise. Even during good weather, the coast re-
2. Nationality. mains indistinct until about the middle of the day, making nor-
3. Call sign. mally conspicuous objects difficult to discern.
4. Draft fore and aft. On a 3.7m shoal patch (12°48.0’N, 74°44.4’E) lies a danger-
3.17

5. Length overall. ous wreck. A lighted SPM (12°54.0’N, 74°39.0’E) is connect-

6. Gross tons and nrt. ed to the shore by a submarine pipeline, Vessels are advised to
7. Last port of call. stay clear.
The ETA should be confirmed with Port Control 2 hours pri-
3.17

New Mangalore—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
New Mangalore Port Trust
No. 1 125m 7.0m 85m — 15.0m 4,000 dwt Breakbulk, others, and bunkers.
No. 2 198m 11.0m 294m 10.5m 32.0m 30,000 dwt
No. 3 198m 11.0m 272m 10.3m 35.0m 30,000 dwt
General cargo, cruise vessels, ro-ro/lo-lo, break-
No. 4 198m 10.0m 252m 9.5m 32.0m 30,000 dwt bulk, containers, passengers, chemicals, LPG,
No. 5 198m 10.0m 190m 9.5m 32.0m 30,000 dwt multipurpose, bunkers, and bulk cement. Contin-
uous berthing length of 594m.
No. 6 198m 10.0m 228m 9.5m 32.0m 30,000 dwt
No. 7 198m 10.0m 229m 9.5m 36.0m 30,000 dwt
Others, breakbulk, and bunkers. Berthing length
No. 8 226m — — 12.5m — 60,000 dwt
of 300m (including dolphins).
LPG, others, container, and bunkers. Berthing
No. 9 65m — 234m 10.5m 38.0m 45,000 dwt
length of 330m (including dolphins).
No. 10 103m — — 14.0m — 85,000 dwt Crude. Berthing length of 320m (including
No. 11 103m — — 14.0m — 50,000 dwt dolphins).
LPG, vegetable oils, coal, and breakbulk. Berth-
No. 12 64m 15.1m 200m 12.5m 32.0m 50,000 dwt
ing length of 320m (including dolphins).
LPG, chemicals, bunkers and dirty products.
No. 13 28m 11.5m 184m 14.0m 30.0m 85,000 dwt
Berthing length of 330m (including dolphins).
Coal, iron ore, container, project/heavy, break-
No. 14 300m 15.1m 288m 14.0m 38.0m 60,000 dwt
bulk, and bunkers.

Pub. 173
94 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

New Mangalore—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Coal and bunkers. Berthing length of 350m (in-
No. 15 42m 14.2m 251m 14.0m 44.0m 90,000 dwt
cluding dolphins).
Coal and bunkers. Berthing length of 325m iin-
No. 16 35m 13.5m 230m 14.0m 37.0m 90,000 dwt
cluding dolphins).
MRPL Terminal
SPM — — 333m 21.0m 60.0m 300,00 dwt Crude.

New Mangalore—Contact Information SSE.

The town of Mangalore is almost entirely concealed from the
3.18

Port Authority offing, but the following landmarks are conspicuous:

Telephone 91-824-240-7341 1. Mangalore Light, a squat, white, masonry tower with
black bands, attached to a house resembling a small chapel,
Facsimile 91-824-240-8390 about 0.5 mile ENE of the harbor entrance.
chairman@nmpt.gov.in 2. A 41m high dome, surmounted by the steeple of the
E-mail Roman Catholic Cathedral, about 0.5 mile N of the light
chairmannmpt@dataone.in structure.
Web site http://www.newmangaloreport.gov.in 3. The 76m high square tower of Saint Aloysius College,
about 1.3 miles NNE of the cathedral.
Port Control
4. A conspicuous white cross about 3.5 miles N of the
Call sign New Mangalore Port Control harbor entrance.
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16 5. A group of white houses close S of the harbor en-
trance.
Telephone 91-824-240-7428 A radio tower, having an elevation of 153m, lies about 1 mile
3.18

Pilots NNW of Saint Aloysius College.

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 100 gt
3.18

VHF VHF channels 12 and 16 and is available during daylight hours only. For boarding posi-
91-824-240-7428 tions, see New Mangalore in paragraph 3.17.
Telephone Regulations.—For ETA and message requirements, see
3.18

91-824-240-7341 New Mangalore in paragraph 3.17.

Signals.—Vessels can communicate with a signal station
3.18

A dumping ground area, best seen on the chart, lies about 7

3.17
close S of Mangalore Light.
miles WNW of the port. Contact Information.—See the table titled Mangalore Old
3.18

Spoil ground areas have been established about 1.7 miles SE

3.17
Port—Contact Information.
and 2 miles SW, respectively, of the Fairway Lighted Buoy.
Mangalore Old Port—Contact Information
3.18 Mangalore Old Port (12°51'N., 74°50'E.) lies in the
backwater formed by the confluence of the Gurpur River and Port
the Netravati River. The port is only of importance to coastal VHF VHF channel 12
vessels, as it is fronted by a shallow bar between low sandy
spits. Telephone 91-824-420-104
Depths—Limitations.—The port is closed from June http://www.karnatakaports.in/our-ports/
through August during the Southwest Monsoon, when the bar Web site
old-mangalore-port/
is impassable. A shoal, with a depth of 15m, lies 6.5 miles
WNW of the entrance to Mangalore.
Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained, in 9.1m, mud,
3.18

Aspect.—In the approach to Mangalore, the following peaks

3.18

with Mangalore Light bearing between 050° and 100°, distant

are conspicuous: about 2 miles. Vessels should not approach the lighthouse clos-
1. Kodinjakal (Asses Ears), 346m high, about 18 miles
er than 1.5 miles, as the depths then decrease rapidly.
NE of Mangalore.
Caution.—It is preferable to arrive off Mangalore during the
3.18

2. Kuduremukha, a 1,890m peak of the Western Ghats,

afternoon with the sun astern, or at night when the light can be
about 13 miles farther ENE.
seen. The landmarks are difficult to distinguish during the
3. Mudipina Padavu, 206m high, about 7 miles ESE of
morning haze.
Mangalore.
Dangerous wrecks lie about 1.8 and 2.5 miles WSW of Man-
3.18

4. Passodigumphe (Barn Hill), 324m high, a sloping

galore Light.
mountain with a flattish summit, about 8.5 miles farther

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 95

Dangerous wrecks (masts) lie in position 12°48.8'N,

3.18 have been reported from Mount Dill at 26 miles.
74°44.7'E and position 12°48.0'N, 74°44.3'E. Anchorage, with moderate shelter from NW winds, can be
3.20

obtained, in 7m, mud, with the summit of Mount Dill bearing

Mangalore to Mount Dill 330°, distant 2.5 miles. Small vessels may find shelter off the
mouth of the creek, SE of Mount Dill, during the NW winds
3.19 The coast from Mangalore to Kotte Kunnu, about 55 which prevail here from February to May, in depths of about
miles SSE, presents a fringe of coconut palms broken here and 4m. A short confused sea and a slight S set will be found here.
there by the mouth of a river or a prominent headland. A stranded wreck lies 2 miles NNW; a dangerous wreck lies
3.20

Manjeshwara, about 9 miles SSE of Mangalore, is a small cus- 3 miles SSE from Mount Dill Light.
toms port with minimum of trade. A radio tower lies near the
coast about 5 miles NNW of Manjeshwara. Kumbla, a village Mount Dill to Cannanore
with an old fort, lies about 15.5 miles SSE of Mangalore, at the
mouth of the Shipiya River. The Chandragiri River enters the 3.21 The coast from Mount Dill to Cannanore, about 13
sea about 8 miles SSE of Kumbla, between the two hill forts of miles SE, is sandy and fringed with coconut palms. The Vala-
Kasaragod and Chandragiri, 53 and 45m high, respectively. pattanam River, marked on the N side of its entrance by a
The bar of the river dries and changes frequently; it can only be clump of Casuarina trees, flows into the sea about 7 miles SE
used by small craft at HW. Kasaragod Anchorage Light, pri- of Mount Dill. The bar at the entrance to the river has a least
marily a mark for fishermen, is shown about 1 mile NNW of depth of 1.2m, and is subject to seasonal change. Azhikal Light
the river entrance. is shown at the S side of the entrance. Storm signals are dis-
Kasaragod (12°29'N., 75°00'E.), a large village, lies on the N
3.19 played near the light.
side of the entrance to the Chandragiri River. A chimney, 41m Azhikal (Azhikkal) (11°55'N., 75°18'E.) (World Port Index
high, is conspicuous in the village. Kasaragod Light, a white, oc- No. 49040), with a thriving timber trade, lies on the S bank of
tagonal, concrete tower with black bands lies N of the village. the river, about 1 mile within the entrance. Boundary pillars,
Bekal, about 6 miles SSE of Kasaragod, a small open port
3.19 NW and SE of the river entrance, define the limits of the port.
for local craft, is formed by a rocky promontory; an old fort, Presently the port has only one wharf, 50m in length, that
3.21

with a tall central bastion, lies on the promontory. A group of can accommodate one vessel up to 2,000 dwt, with a maximum
rocks, 1m high, lies about 1.8 miles NW of the fort. Hosdrug length of 30m, a maximum beam of 10m, and a maximum draft
Fort, 37m high, is conspicuous about 6 miles SSE of Bekal, of 3m.
and 0.8 mile inland. A bare hill, 179m high, lies 2.3 miles NE Pilotage is not available.
3.21

of the fort. Kavvayi Backwater, close within and parallel to the Vessels should advise the Port Officer Kozhikode of their
3.21

coast, extends from about 5 miles SSE of Hasdrug Fort to ETA 24 hours in advance and then confirm their ETA 2 hours
Mount Dill. in advance to the Port Officer in Azhikal on VHF channel 16.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Azhikkal—
3.21

Contact Information.

Azhikkal—Contact Information
Port Authority
VHF VHF channel 16
Telephone 91-497-277-1413
Facsimile 91-497-277-1413
E-mail azhikkalport@yahoo.com

Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9m, sand and mud,

3.21

good holding ground, about 2.5 miles WSW of the river en-
trance.

3.22 Cannanore (11°55'N., 75°24'E.) a military canton-

3.19 Mount Dill Light ment and open roadstead port, is in charge of the Port Conser-
vator, subordinate to the Port Officer at Kozhikode (Calicut).
3.20 Mount Dill (Ezhi Mala) (Mount Delli) (12°02'N., The port is closed to local sailing craft from the beginning of
75°12'E.), 259m high, is the summit of a conspicuous headland June to the end of August, but vessels may work cargo during
separated from the low-lying mainland by a narrow creek. the Southwest Monsoon when weather permits. Moplah Bay,
Kotte Kunnu, a bluff point 52m high, at the SW extremity of the bight E of Cannanore, is shallow, but affords shelter to local
the headland, is joined to the more elevated land by a low neck; craft.
a fort lies on Kotte Kunnu. Mount Dill Light (Kotte Kunna Aspect.—The following are prominent or conspicuous in the
3.22

Light), with a racon, is shown from a white triangular stone approach to Cannanore:
tower with red bands on the bluff point. Good radar returns 1. The flagstaff on the N bastion of Fort St. Angelo,

Pub. 173
96 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

which lies on a low rocky point at the S end of the town. about 1 mile NNW of the fort, and the port flagstaff, about 0.3
2. A chimney, 42.5m high, about 0.8 mile NW of the mile SE of the fort. The hills near Tellicherry are thickly cov-
fort. ered with coconut palms and other trees.
3. North Point, a 16m high headland, about 4.3 miles Shorukulu, a natural breakwater of basalt, 3.7m high, lies paral-
3.24

NW of the fort. lel to the coast, about 0.8 mile NW of Bilikulu. Nakudiankulu
4. Two boundary pillars about 1 mile WNW and 1.8 (Nukudiankulu), about 0.5 mile NW of Shorukulu, is a pinnacle
miles ESE of the fort. rock drying 0.9m. Talayi Rock, a pinnacle rock with a depth of
Cannanore Light is shown from a white, concrete column
3.22 1.5m, lies nearly 0.7 mile SE of Nilot Point (11°44'N., 75°30'E.).
with red bands 1 mile WNW of Fort St. Angelo. A black spherical buoy, removed between May and October, is
A red conical buoy is moored about 0.5 mile SE of the fort
3.22 moored on the S side of the rock.
from October to May and marks the approach to the inner an- Depths—Limitations.—Cargo is worked from a T-head
3.24

chorage for small craft. Signaling with shipping is conducted pier, 171m in length, with depths of 1.8m to 3m alongside.
from the flagstaff on Fort St. Angelo. Port limits are defined by There are landing steps on both sides of the pier that extends
lines drawn in a 270° direction from the above-mentioned SW of the shore close W of the Post Office building.
boundary pillars to depths of 16.5m. The pier is protected by a naturally-occurring breakwater of
3.24

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in about 9m,

3.22 basalt which lies parallel to the coastline close W of the berth.
mud, good holding ground, about 1.8 miles SW of the fort. Signals.—Communication with shipping is maintained from
3.24

Caution.—A rifle range extends SSW of the flagstaff of Fort

3.22 the port flagstaff by flags of the International Code and by
St. Angelo. Vessels anchoring W of the E limit of the firing Morse Code from the Port and Customs Office, about 0.3 mile
range (a flagstaff bearing 022°) should remain at least 1.5 SE of the fort.
miles offshore. During firing practice, a red flag is displayed Storm signals are shown at Tellicherry: the Brief System is
3.24

about 0.3 mile W of the fort. used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
Cannanore to Tellicherry tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Anchorage.—Anchorage for large vessels in unsettled
3.24

3.23 The coast between Cannanore and Tellicherry, about 9 weather is well offshore, in a depth of 12m, but in good weath-
miles SE, consists of alternate sandy beaches and cliffs, fringed er a vessel can anchor, in 9m, soft mud, SW of the fort, about
with coconut trees. Rocks, above and below-water, fringe the 1.5 miles from Bilikulu.
coast. Dharmapattanam Island, about 7 miles SE of Cannanore,
is encircled by two rivers. Green Island, 34m high and covered Tellicherry to Calicut (Kozhikode)
with tall trees, lies off the W extremity of Dharmapattanam Is-
land. The ruins of a redoubt are conspicuous on the summit of 3.25 The Kundah Mountains lie only about 10 miles from
a bare hill, 61m high, about 1.3 miles NE of Green Island. the coast between Tellicherry and Calicut (Kozhikode).
Mahe (11°42'N., 75°32'E.) is a small settlement on the S
3.25

3.24 Tellicherry (11°45'N., 75°30'E.)an open roadstead side of the entrance to the Mahe River. A light is shown on the
port, is open throughout the year. The port limits are defined by S side of the river entrance. Some old forts and houses lie on
two lines extending SW into depths of 16.5m from the N the detached hills behind Mahe. Rocks extend offshore from
boundary pillar on the rocky S extremity of Dharmapattanam both sides of the river entrance into depths of 3.7m.
Island and the S boundary pillar on Punuli Point, about 4 miles The channel leading into the harbor is less than 1m in depth
3.25

SE. but is still considered good for small vessels with local knowl-
Aspect.—An ancient fort stands in position 11°45'N,
3.24
edge for trading coconuts, pepper, dried figs, and all kinds of
75°29'E on rising ground near the coast. Tellicherry Light is small commodities during the Winter Monsoon period (No-
shown from the NW bastion of the fort. vember-April).
Bilikulu, a natural breakwater of basalt, 6m high, lies paral-
3.24
Anchorage can be obtained, in 9m, mud, about 2.5 miles
3.25

lel to the coast, about 0.5 mile SW of the fort. Two similar but WSW of the light structure. Chombakulu, an islet, 4m high,
shorter ridges lie between Bilikulu and the shore. These ridges, lies about 2.5 miles SSE of Mahe, and about 0.5 mile offshore;
together with numerous detached rocks above and below-wa- several rocks lie near the islet.
ter, between Bilikulu and the shore, give sufficient shelter to Badagara (11°36'N., 75°35'E.) is an important town on the
3.25

the landing at Tellicherry at LW during NW winds to enable coast, about 7 miles SSE of Mahe. The coast in the vicinity is
vessels to communicate with the port when all others are low, sandy, and fringed by coconut trees.
closed. A flagstaff, 26m high, is conspicuous on the coast W of the
3.25

Inland, the following peaks of the Kundah Mountains are

3.24
town. A casuarana tree, 64m high, is conspicuous above the
conspicuous: dense coconut plantations on a small hill close S of the town.
1. Perali Mala (Perly Hill), 488m high, about 13.5 miles A flat-topped hill, 114m high, is conspicuous about 3 miles
3.25

NE of Tellicherry. ENE of Badagara. A 101m hill and a 104m hill rise about 1
2. Periya Peak (Periah Peak), 1,157m high, about 18 mile NNW and SSW, respectively, of the flat-topped hill. Far-
miles ENE of Tellicherry. ther inland, Nadapuram Mudi, 1,387m high, stands about 20
3. Nattavaram (Naduwaram Peak), 1,387m high, about miles ENE of Badagara and is conspicuous.
17.5 miles E of Tellicherry. A conspicuous round red hill, 55m high, lies about 3 miles
3.25

Conspicuous objects in the approach are the Club House,

3.24
SSE of Badagara, on the S bank of the Murat River, about 1

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 97

mile within the entrance. about 7.5 miles ESE of the village. A large black rock, with a
Storm signals are shown at Badagara: the Brief System is
3.25 tree on it, lies on the coast about 2.8 miles SSE of Quilandi.
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found Elattur Cape (11°19'N., 75°44'E.), about 4 miles farther
3.26

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- SSE, is low and rocky, with coconut palms close inland. The
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” mouth of the Elattur River, a shallow and rocky river, lies about
Anchorage can be taken, in 9m, mud, about 2 miles WSW of
3.25 1.3 miles N of the cape.
the flagstaff. Caution should be taken to stay well clear of a Vavul Mala (Camels Hump) (11°25'N., 76°08'E.), 2,338m
3.26

wreck in position 11°36'N, 75°32'E and a dangerous wreck in high, about 23 miles ENE of Calicut (Kozhikode), is the high-
position 11°39.3’N, 75°24.6’E. est and most conspicuous peak of the Kundah Mountains. It is
Kadalur Point (11°28'N., 75°38'E.), low but prominent, is
3.25 visible far to seaward in clear weather. The Kundah Mountains
covered with palm trees, over which will be seen a large round end rather abruptly S of Vavul Mala.
tree. Hills gradually rise NE of the point; the nearest summit is
78m high, about 1.3 miles NE of the point. Calicut (Kozhikode) (11°15'N., 75°46'E.)
World Port Index No. 49100

3.27 The port of Calicut, also known as Kozhikode, is an

open roadstead of considerable commercial importance. Cargo
is worked at the anchorage by lighters. The port is unusable
from the beginning of June to the end of August.
Depths—Limitations.—Reliance Shoal, with a least depth
3.27

of 8.6m, extends about 2.5 miles NNW from a position 3.5

miles W of Calicut Light; the shoal is rocky, but the bottom
near it is soft mud.
Anchorage Reef, with a least depth of 3.7m, lies about 1.3
3.27

miles WSW of Calicut Light. A lighted buoy, painted in black

and white stripes, is moored W of the reef; it is in position from
October to May.
Calicut Reefs, a group of rocky shoals with a least depth of
3.27

4.1m, extend about 1.5 miles N from a position 2.5 miles SSW
of Calicut Light.
Coote Reef, with a least depth of 0.9m and over which the
3.27

sea generally breaks, lies about 1.5 miles S of Calicut Light. A

black and white striped can buoy is moored about 0.3 mile W
of the reef. Gillham Rock, about 0.3 mile farther S, has a depth
of less than 1.8m.
Aspect.—Calicut Light is shown from a white masonry tow-
3.27

Kadalur Point Light er near the Port Office at the N end of town. West Hill, 49m
high, with the houses on it showing among the trees, lies about
The coastal reef extends about 1.5 miles W and 1.3 miles S
3.25
2 miles N of Calicut Light and forms a good landmark in the
from the point. Trikodi Reef, with a least depth of 1.5m and morning when approaching Calicut. The dome of the Roman
Kadalur Reef, with a least depth of 3.4m, are the W and SW Catholic Cathedral, 45m high, is conspicuous 0.5 mile SE of
ends, respectively, of the coastal reef. the lighthouse. A rocky islet, 2m high, lies on the coastal reef
about 3 miles N of Calicut Light.
3.26 Sacrifice Rock (11°30'N., 75°32'E.), 18m high and Two white boundary markers, marking the N and S limits of
3.27

conspicuous, lies about 6.5 miles WNW of Kadalur Point. It the port, lie on the coast about 4 miles N and 5 miles S, respec-
consists of granite and, having a white appearance, can be seen tively, of Calicut Light.
10 miles in clear weather. The passage between this rock and Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is available during
3.27

the coast is free of dangers, but vessels using it should keep daylight hours only. The pilot boards in the anchorage.
near the rock, and not proceed into depths of less than 13m. Pilots can be contacted on VHF channel 12.
3.27

Vessels passing W of this rock at night should not proceed into Regulations.—Vessels bound for the outer anchorage
3.27

depths of less than 27m which are found about 2.5 miles W of should send their ETA 48 hours and 24 hours in advance. For
the rock. A shoal, swept to a depth of 2.7m, lies almost 1 mile vessels bound for the harbor, the ETA should also be advised
offshore W of Tikkotti village. 12 hours in advance. All ETAs should be confirmed 2 hours
The coast between Kadalur Point and Calicut (Kozhikode), prior to arrival on VHF channel 16.
about 14.5 miles SSE, is generally low, sandy, and fringed with Signals.—The signal station, close N of Calicut Light, com-
3.27

palms. Red laterite hills back the coast. municates with shipping by flags of the International Code or
Quilandi, a large village, lies about 3.8 miles ESE of Kadalur
3.26
by Morse Code. Landing conditions are indicated by the fol-
Point. A water tower is conspicuous on the coast, close S of the lowing flags of the International Code:
village. The conspicuous summit of Palkunnu, 297m high, rises 1. K—Surf is impassable.

Pub. 173
98 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

2. M—Communication with the shore is dangerous.

3. N—Boats can leave the harbor.
4. F—Boats can enter the harbor.
Storm signals are shown at Badagara: the General System is
3.27

used. Further information on these storm signals may be found

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Calicut (Kozhi-
3.27

kode)—Contact Information.

Calicut (Kozhikode)—Contact Information

Port
VHF VHF channel 16
91-495-241-4863
Telephone 91-996-141-5460 (mobile)
91-495-241-4039 (Senior Port Conservator)
Facsimile 91-495-241-4863
E-mail portofficekkn@gmail.com
Pilots
VHF VHF channel 12

Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor with Calicut Light bearing

3.27

SSE in depth of about 9m.

Anchorage may also be obtained with Calicut Light bearing
3.27

078°, at a distance according to the vessel’s draft. Vessels

should not anchor S of this bearing as the bottom is foul and
rocky. The lighted buoy, moored W of Anchorage Reef, marks
the S and E limits of the anchorage for vessels of moderate
size.

Beypore (11°10'N., 75°48'E.)

World Port Index No. 49110

3.28 The port of Beypore (Beipur), an open roadstead, lies

off the entrance of the Beypore River and is considered a wharf
of the port of Calicut (Kozhikode).
Depths—Limitations.—Black Rocks, 1.2m high, lie to-
3.28

wards the SE end of a reef about 0.8 mile S of the entrance to

the Beypore River. A rock, with a depth of 1.5m, lies about 0.5 Beypore Light
mile SSW of Black Rocks. The bar of the Beypore River had a
depth of 3.5m between the breakwaters in 1990. chimney.
Aspect.—Kota Kunnu, a 60m hill, about 3 miles SE of the
3.28
Regulations.—For ETA information, see Calicut (Kozhiko-
3.28

entrance to the Beypore River, is a good landmark for vessels de) in paragraph 3.27.
approaching Beypore. Olavattur Kunnu, 245m high, about 8 Contact Information.—For port contact information, see
3.28

miles E of Beypore, lies among isolated hills in the vicinity. Calicut (Kozhikode) in paragraph 3.27.
Urakuth Mala (Dolphins Head), a hill 477m high, about 13 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained, in depths of 7m
3.28

miles ESE of the river entrance, is conspicuous. to 10m, with Beypore Light bearing from 045° to 090°, distant
New Beypore Light is shown from an octagonal masonry
3.28
1.5 to 2.0 miles.
tower, with red and white bands, on the SE side of the entrance Caution.—Vessels in the vicinity of Beypore at night should
3.28

to the Beypore River. not enter depths of less than 15m. A dangerous wreck, best
Other landmarks are a flagstaff, 25m high, on the SE en-
3.28
seen on the chart, lies 8 miles SW of Beypore.
trance point of the river; a conspicuous chimney, 58m high,
about 1.5 miles NE of the flagstaff; and several chimneys of a Beypore to Kochi (Cochin)
tile works, across the river and about 0.2 mile N of the tall
3.29 The coast between Beypore and Ponnani, about 24

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 99

Ponnani.
The town of Chetwai (Chetwayi) (10°32'N., 76°03'E.) lies
about 1.5 miles within the entrance to a backwater. The exis-
tence of the boundary pillars N and S of the backwater entrance
is doubtful. Chetwai Light is shown from a 30m high circular
concrete tower, lying 1.5 miles N of the boundary pillar. A dan-
gerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 18 miles W of Chet-
wai.
Anchorage can be taken by small vessels, in 11m, mud, off
3.29

the entrance to the backwater; local knowledge is necessary.

A range of hills, over 305m high in its highest part, lies about
3.29

18 miles ENE of Chetwai. It lies between the Western Ghats

and the coast, and terminates abruptly toward the S. The NW
summit of this range gives good radar response.

Ponnani Light
miles SSE, is low, sandy, fringed with palms, and backed by
red laterite hills. A light is shown at Tanur, an important fishing
village, about 11.5 miles SSE of Beypore. A tableland, covered
with palms, lies about 1 mile NE of the village. A tableland,
about 90m high, with a few scattered trees, lies about 9 miles N
of Ponnani.
Ponnani (10°47'N., 75°55'E.), a busy seaport for local craft,
lies on the S side of the entrance to the Ponnani River. The port
is closed during the Southwest Monsoon, and is in charge of a
Port Conservator responsible to the Port Officer at Calicut
(Kozhikode). The extensive backwater of the Ponnani River Chetwai Light
forms a wide gap in the line of palms when viewed from WSW.
The entrance of the river is wooded and prominent from the S. The Periyar River (Pallipur River), about 22 miles SSE of
3.29

Ponnani Light is shown from a white, round, concrete tower Chetwai, is generally easy to identify from the W due to the
with black bands, 0.8 mile S of the river entrance. The bar of gap in the fringing palms. Periyar River Light is shown from a
the Ponnani River has a depth of not more than 2.1m, but small white, square, concrete tower with black bands, situated 1.3
vessels with local knowledge can enter it at HW. There are miles N of the river entrance. A racon has been established in
some unlicensed pilots available. position 10°12.1'N, 76°09.5'E.
Storm signals are shown at Ponnani; the Brief System is
3.29
In 1951, it was reported that the depth contours between the
3.29

used. Further information on these storm signals may be found Periyar River and Narakal, about 8.5 miles SSE, had extended
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- considerably seaward, and the coast had extended similarly up
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” to 0.5 mile in places.
A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 2 miles W of
3.29

Pub. 173
100 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

Kochi (Cochin) (9°58'N., 76°14'E.) able time after the predicted times of HW and LW, from 1 to 2
hours on the flood, and from 2 to 3 hours on the ebb, according
World Port Index No. 49130 to the season.
After heavy inland rains the ebb current may run continuous-
3.30

3.30 The port of Kochi (Cochin) is a fine natural harbor ly for many days, while the flood current enters the harbor un-
formed by the estuary of the Periyar River and its backwater. der the surface ebb. On very rare occasions, and after high
The inner harbor is able to shelter a large number of vessels inland floods, the tidal current in the harbor may have a veloci-
with drafts up to 9.1m at all seasons. It is the main deep water ty of 5 knots or more.
harbor S of Bombay and a base for the Indian Navy. In January and February, the effect of the ebb current is not
3.30

The port area includes the harbor and backwater, with the
3.30 noticeable W of the outer channel buoys, and no appreciable
creeks and channels connecting with them and their shores, current is experienced off the coast in the vicinity of Kochi
whether of the mainland or of islands, as may lie within 46m of (Cochin). Under monsoon conditions, strong eddies and cross-
the spring tide HW mark. currents were experienced in the harbor entrance between Vyp-
The great estuary, or backwater, on which Kochi (Cochin)
3.30 in Island and Kochi (Cochin), and also off the NW point of
lies, extends for about 50 miles NNW to Ponnani, and about 30 Willingdon Island.
miles S to Alleppey. Its width varies from 8 miles to a few hun- On the ebb current, between the harbor entrance and the NW
3.30

dred meters, and its channels connect with other inland waters. end of Willingdon Island, there is a strong set across the chan-
It has a least depth of 1.8m and is affected by tidal influence. nel from the N part of the harbor; the limits of this current are
Several rivers flow into the backwater making it brackish. marked by tide rips which cause a vessel to sheer.
During the Southwest Monsoon, which brings heavy rain to the Depths—Limitations.—The approaches to Kochi (Cochin)
3.30

seaward side of the Western Ghats, the watershed drainage of are clear of outlying shoals or banks, except for the shoal water
these rivers increases greatly and, entering the sea through nu- of the bar, through which the deep approach channel has been
merous openings into the backwater, probably causes the con- dredged. Silting may occur in this channel.
stant shifting of the soft mud banks off this part of the coast. The approach and inner harbor channels are maintained to
3.30

the following dimensions:

Port Authority of Kochi (Cochin) 1. Outer Approach Channel—about 6.5 miles in length,
175m in width, and maintained at a depth of 13.2m.
http://www.cochinport.gov.in 2. Inner Approach Channel—All the same as the Outer
Approach Channel except that is extends to a width of 400m.
Winds—Weather.—Kochi (Cochin) is outside the cyclone
3.30
3. Ernakulam Channel—about 3.1 miles in length and a
area, but during the Southwest Monsoon, short gusts of wind minimum width of 200m, maintained to a depth of 11m to
50 to 55 knots are sometimes experienced. the fertilizer berth (Q10), then 10.0m to Berths Q5 to Q7,
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Kochi (Cochin) is 0.9m
3.30
and 9.75m to the S and N Tanker Berths.
at MHHW and 0.8m at MLHW. Salinity within the harbor has 4. Mattancheri Channel—about 1.6 miles in length, to a
values between 1000 and 1020, according to tidal and seasonal width of 183m, and maintained to a depth of 10.75m until
factors. the S end of Boat Train Pier, then 9.75m for the remainder.
The maximum velocity of the ebb current at springs,
3.30
Local authorities should be consulted for prevailing depths
3.30

throughout the year, is from 2 to 3 knots, and at neaps from 0.8 in the channels and alongside berths. Plans are to increase the
knot to 1.3 knots. The velocity of the flood current at springs, width to 260m and depths to 16.7m in the approach channel
throughout the year, varies 1.5 to 2 knots and at neaps from sometime in the near future.
about 0.8 knot to 1.3 knots. Both currents run for a consider-

Kochi (Cochin)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Size
Emakulam Channel Wharves (South Side)
Q5 165m — 250m 10.0m 24,365 dwt
Q6 165m — 250m 10.0m 20,000 dwt
Ro-ro, lo-lo, bunkers, general, bulk, ce-
Q7 183m — 347m 10.5m 74,999 dwt ment, fertilizer, containers, and breakbulk.
Continuous berthing length of 918m.
Q8 200m 13.2m 345m 11.0m 74,999 dwt
Q9 200m 13.2m 294m 11.0m 60,000 dwt
Clean products, dirty products,
Q10 215m — 207m 10.7m 60,000 dwt multipurpose, and fertilizer. Berthing
length of 275m (including dolphins).
Venduritti Jetty 470m 8.0m 183m — 46,818 dwt —

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 101

Kochi (Cochin)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Size
Bharat Petroleum Terminal
Clean products, crude, and dirty products.
Cochin Oil
96m 13.2m 250m 12.5m 115,000 dwt Berthing length of 430m (including dol-
Terminal (COT)
phins).
Clean and dirty products, and bunkers.
North Tanker
105m 9.7m 228m 9.14m 74,998 dwt Berthing length of 298m (including dol-
Berth (NTB)
phins).
Clean products, condensate, and dirty
South Tanker
103m 9.7m 183m 9.14m 50,760 dwt products. Berthing length of 280m (in-
Berth (STB)
cluding dolphins).
Mattancheri Channel Wharves
Boat Train Pier 320m 10.7m 264m 10.0m 61,631 dwt Dirty products, vegetable oils, cement,
cruise, breakbulk, and bunkers. Continu-
North Coal Berth 280m — 264m 9.14m 53,503 dwt ous berthing length of 480m.
Q1 135m — 168m 9.14m 25,953 dwt Clean products, cement, breakbulk, and
Q2 135m — 181m 9.14m 28,576 dwt bunkers. Continuous berthing length of
Q3 135m — 180m 9.14m 16,000 dwt 410m.

Chemicals, bunkers, and clean products.

Q4 250m — 227m 9.14m 53,503 dwt
Continuous berthing length of 655m.
South Coal Berth 107m — 227m 9.14m 53,503 dwt Chemicals, bunkers, and vegetable oils.
International Container Transhipment Terminal (ICTT)
V1 200m 15.0m 320m 14.5m 57,813 dwt
Containers and transhipment. Continuous
V2 200m 15.0m 366m 14.5m 148,723 dwt
berthing length of 600m.
V3 200m 15.0m 334m 14.5m 115,024 dwt
LPG Terminal
LPG Berth 34m — 230m 13.0m 80,000 dwt Closed. Clean products, crude, and LPG.
Puthuvypeen LNG Terminal
121,913dwt/ LNG and bunkers. Berthing length of
LNG Berth 75m — 315m 12.5m
216,000 m3 362m (including dolphins).
Offshore Oil Platform
Crude. Located about 13 miles WNW of
Kochi SPM — 30.0m 370m 22.5m 300,000 dwt harbor entrance in position 9°59'48''N,
76°02'24''E.

A shoal area N of the dredged channel includes a spoil

3.30 An LNG Terminal with T-head pier has been completed on
3.30

ground which is awash in places. South of the dredged channel the SW corner of Puthu Vypin (Vypin Island) with dredging in
a shoal, with a depth of less than 1.8m, and on which the sea progress (2014).
breaks, extends about 0.9 mile W from the coast. The dredged channel then divides into Mattancheri Channel
3.30

Vessels must not attempt to enter or leave the approach chan-

3.30 and Ernakulam Channel leading W and E, respectively, of
nel without a pilot on board. In 1985, less water than charted Willingdon Island. A road bridge, with a lifting span, connects
was found to exist outside the dredged channel on both sides. the SW end of Willingdon Island with the mainland W; a road
Another spoil ground lies about 2.5 miles SW of Outer Signal and rail bridge, with a navigable opening marked by lighted
Station. A dangerous wreck and a small foul area lie near the N dolphins, connects the E side of the island with the mainland E.
limit of the dredged channel. Approximately 0.8 mile SE of the fertilizer berth is Naval
3.30

Within the harbor entrance the dredged channel is about 0.2

3.30 Jetty. Caution is necessary when berthing alongside Naval Jet-
mile wide; its N limit is marked by lighted buoys. ty, on the W side of the channel, as the ebb current sets strongly

Pub. 173
102 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

off the pier and the flood current strongly onto it. The bar at the
entrance to the harbor is dangerous for ship’s boats when the
ebb tide is setting strongly against the sea breezes, resulting in
a short choppy sea.
Berth information in the harbor is given in the accompanying
3.30

table titled Kochi (Cochin)—Berthing Information.

There are two mooring buoys on the E side of Mattancheri
3.30

Channel which can accommodate a vessel up to 145m in

length. There are also two numbered mooring buoys in the SE
portion of Ernakulam Channel.
Tankers in ballast are subject to draft restrictions. Tankers
3.30

less than 152.4m in length must have a minimum draft forward

of 4.3m (plus or minus 0.6m and trimmed by the stern) and
4.9m aft. Minimum drafts for tankers of 152.4m and over are
4.9m (plus or minus 0.6m) forward and 6.1m aft. Additionally,
tankers over 213.4m in length are subject to a maximum draft
of 8.5m.
Aspect.—The coast in the vicinity of Kochi (Cochin) is low,
3.30

sandy, and thickly fringed by palms. The highest of the West-

ern Ghats are about 50 miles inland, but they can be distin-
guished only when the weather is clear. Haze settles over the
land after sunrise and the coast remains indistinct until midday;
even objects otherwise conspicuous are difficult to discern.
Kollengode Bluff, about 48 miles NE of Kochi (Cochin), lies
3.30

at the NW end of the Anaimalai Hills, which form part of the

Western Ghats. The bluff is conspicuous during the Northeast
Monsoon and forms the S part of Palghat Gap, which is
1,220m lower than the mountains flanking it and through
which the winds blow fiercely between November and Febru-
ary.
Kochi Light (Cochin Light) (9°59.8'N., 76°13.3'E.), with a
3.30

racon, is shown from a concrete tower with red and white

bands.
A wooden pile beacon lies 1.3 miles SSW of Kochi (Cochin)
3.30

Light; a concrete pile beacon, 9.1m high, lies 1.5 miles WSW
of the light.
A conspicuous signal station is situated at the 37m flagstaff
3.30

close W of Fort Cochin. This flagstaff stands at an elevation of

37m on a 20m high conspicuous tower, painted white on its Kochi (Cochin) Light
seaward side. A conspicuous tower, 22m high, stands about 0.2
mile SSE of the Signal Station. 1. North—position 9°58.3'N, 76°08.7'E.
A white house is conspicuous at the village of Kandakkadava,
3.30 2. South—position 9°57.3'N, 76°08.7'E.
about 7 miles S of the entrance to the port of Kochi (Cochin). 3. West—position 9°57.5'N, 76°05.5'E.
The dredged entrance channel, Mattancheri Channel, and Er- Pilots for the SPM board from a tug about 2.5 miles from the
3.30

nakulam Channel are marked by lighted buoys. The harbor of- SPM between 0600 and 1600. A restricted area, radius 0.7
fice, which is conspicuous, lies on the NW end of Willingdon mile, surrounds the SPM and a pipeline extends E to the shore.
Island. Range lights, situated N and NE of Willingdon Island, Tankers may depart the SPM at any time.
lead through the harbor entrance and through the center of Er- Regulations.—Vessels should send ETA messages 48 hours
3.30

nakulam Channel abreast the tanker berths. in advance to the harbormaster. Any changes in ETA should be
A number of Indian Naval vessels are situated at Vendurutti
3.30 sent at least 12 hours in advance. The message should include
on the E side of Willingdon Island. In this area are several flag- the ETA (in local time) at the outer roads and the salt water
staffs; a radio station, with several masts, is situated 183m draft fore and aft.
NNW of the W end of the road and rail bridge. Vessels should contact Kochi Port Control 2 hours before
3.30

A prominent storage tank, with a red and white checkered

3.30 and 30 minutes before arrival at Fairway Lighted Buoy for pi-
top, stands in the vicinity of South Coast Berth. lotage and berthing instructions.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all merchant vessels
3.30 Vessels awaiting a berth should maintain a listening watch
3.30

over 100 gt and is advisable for smaller vessels. Pilots are on VHF channel 16.
available 24 hours. Boarding position should be confirmed via Immobilization of main engines is not permitted without
3.30

VHF radio before arrival. Pilots board vessels bound for the written consent by the Port Authority. Discharge of oily water
port, as follows: or other rubbish is forbidden.

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 103

When plague is prevalent in Northern India, vessels must ob-

3.30 attention.
tain pratique before communicating with the shore. 2. Sound V (3 short and 1 long blast) to mean “I require
Ship-to-ship transfers of liquid bulk cargo and gas are autho-
3.30 assistance.”
rized in an area with a radius of 1 mile centered on position 3. Sound W (1 short and 2 long blasts) to mean “I re-
10°03.5'N, 76°04.5'E, about 10 miles NW of the harbor en- quire medical assistance.”
trance. The transferring vessel should anchor in the center of 4. Hoist V or W of the International Code of Signals.
the area. The vessel’s agent should notify the harbormaster in Contact Information.—See table titled Kochi (Cochin)—
3.30

the vessel’s ETA message prior to the commencement of any Contact Information.
transfer operations.
Vessels which have called on any ports in the Yellow Fever
3.30
Kochi (Cochin)—Contact Information
endemic countries of Africa or South America entering India
within 30 days, irrespective of the number of intermediate Port
ports visited before 30 days, are required to undergo health Call sign Kochi Port Control
screening by the Cochin port health authorities, and obtain free
VHF VHF channels 15 and 16
pratique before berthing. For additional information, contact
the port health officer and see Pub. 160, Sailing Directions 91-484-258-2525
(Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean un- Telephone
91-484-266-7105
der “India—Regulations.”.
Signals.—The Signal Station situated at the 37m flagstaff
3.30
Facsimile 91-484-266-6468
close W of Fort Cochin communicates by flags and Morse E-mail portcontrol@cochinport.gov.in
Code as necessary. Storm signals are displayed; the General
System is used. Further information on these storm signals Web site http://www.cochinport.gov.in
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) Harbormaster
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
nals.” 91-484-266-6410 (office hours)
Telephone
The following flags of the International Code should be dis-
3.30
91-484-258-2501 (office hours)
played by vessels entering or leaving Kochi (Cochin) (meaning
of hoist follows flags): E-mail hm@cochinport.gov.in
1. Q—My vessel is healthy and I request free pratique. Tugs
2. Q over First Substitute—My vessel is arriving from a
yellow fever port and requests health clearance. VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
3. G—I require a pilot. Pilots
4. H—I have a pilot on board.
VHF VHF channel 16
5. An oil tanker should display a red ball below these
flags.
A vessel must not enter harbor until the signal has been re-
3.30
Anchorage.—Anchorage is available for vessels with a draft
3.30

peated by the Signal Station. Signals for vessels leaving the over 12m in the vicinity of position 9°55.3'N., 76°04.3'E. An-
harbor will also be repeated by the Signal Station. chorage is available for vessels with a draft under 12m in the
A vessel shifting berth within Kochi (Cochin) Harbor must
3.30
vicinity of position 9°55.3'N., 76°07.7'E. Tankers waiting to
display a black ball or shape at least 0.6m in diameter at half use the SPM should anchor 2.5 miles S of the SPM.
mast and shall proceed at not more than half speed. A prohibited anchorage area is located W of the approach
3.30

The following flag signals may also be displayed:

3.30
channel, in the vicinity of position 9°57.6'N, 76°04.5'E. An ad-
1. EM—Vessel shifting from Ernakulam Channel to ditional prohibited anchorage area, best seen on the chart, is lo-
Mattancheri Channel. cated close N of the channel entrance within 500m of the
2. ME—Vessel shifting from Mattancheri Channel to submerged pipeline in the vicinity of position 9°59'45.0''N,
Ernakulam Channel. 76°08'12.0''E.
3. DN—Port’s dredge proceeding to sea. Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in the vicinity of a sub-
3.30

4. DF—Port’s dredge entering harbor. marine cable extending SW from the S side of the entrance,
A vessel on fire and requiring assistance should continuous-
3.30
near the signal station at Fort Kochi, located at the NW end of
ly: Mattancheri Peninsula.
1. Sound on it whistle or siren the letter “F” in Morse Code Directions.—Front and Rear Leading lights, which has an
3.30

together with rapid and continuous ringing of the ship’s bell. alignment of 076.7° leads from about midway between No 9
2. Hoist, by day, appropriate International Code Flag and No 10 light buoys through the harbor Kochi (Cochin) en-
Signal (CB6, IT, etc.). trance between Fort Cochin and Bypin to a position NNW of
3. Telephone Port Fire Station, the Port’s Fire Float, or the NW end of Willingdon Island. East of Builders Point, the
Harbormaster. SE point of Vypin, the shoal water N of the channel is marked
A vessel requiring assistance in an emergency (moorings
3.30
by light buoys to port. The outer and inner channels are main-
carrying away, oil leakage, urgent medical and police assis- tained at a depth of 13.2m, but silting may occur. For the latest
tance, etc.) may sound at frequent intervals: information, consult Kochi Port Authority.
1. A succession of blasts on its whistle or siren to attract Caution.—A Submarine Exercise Area, best seen on the
3.30

Pub. 173
104 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

chart, is centered 100 miles SW of the entrance to Kochi (Co- pey Light bearing 077°, distant 2 miles, but sounding is essen-
chin) Harbor. tial as the mud bank shifts frequently so that the charted depths
Spoil ground areas, best seen on the chart, lie about 4 miles
3.30 are unreliable. During the Southwest Monsoon, the best an-
W and 4.7 miles SW of Kochi Light, while a lighterage area chorage is farther offshore, in about 9.1m, with Alleppey Light
lies 5.5 miles NW. bearing 056°, but this anchorage depends upon the position of
Submarine cable, best seen on the chart, extend SE from Ko-
3.30 the mud bank which cannot be determined until after the mon-
chi 35 miles offshore to the 200m curve. soon.
Anchoring and fishing are prohibited close S of the channel
3.30

as depicted on the chart.

Dangerous wrecks lie in approximate position 10°01'02''N,
3.30

75°57'46''E and in position 10°08'10''N, 76°03'25''E. Addition-

al wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 13 and 45 miles NW of
Kochi.
An SPM has been established in position 9°59'49''N,
3.30

76°02'27''E.

3.31 Alappuzha (Alleppey) (9°30'N., 76°20'E.) lies about

29 miles S of Kochi (Cochin); the coast between the ports is
low, sandy, thickly fringed with palms, and densely populated.
The port is an open roadstead under the superintendence of the
Senior Port Conservator. The port is closed during the South-
west Monsoon season (May 15 to September 15).
Tides—Currents.—The current at the anchorage sets S with
3.31

a velocity up to 2 knots. From October to February, a N set,

usually weak, is sometimes experienced.
Depths—Limitations.—There is a 387m long pier, with a
3.31

depth of 1.8m at its head. The pier has been reported to give
good radar returns at 10 miles.
Aspect.—Alleppey Light is shown from a white, round, ma-
3.31

sonry tower, about 0.3 mile E of the root of Alleppey Pier. As

the town of Alleppey is difficult to distinguish from seaward, it
is advisable to make a landfall while it is still dark to ensure
identifying the lighthouse.
Manakkodam Light, a white square tower with red bands,
3.31

lies 15.5 miles N of Alleppey Light. A tall radio mast lies about
4 miles N of Alleppey Light.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not available in this port.
3.31

Regulations.—A continuous listening watch on VHF channel

3.31

16 should be maintained by all vessels visiting the port.

Signals.—A signal station and flagstaff, the latter 37m high and
3.31

prominent, is situated W of Alleppey Light. Night communication

is carried out by flashing light mounted on a pillar at an elevation Alleppey Light
of 16m and by flags of the International Code.
Storm signals, using the General System, are displayed from
3.31 Caution.—The mud bank off Alleppey is so stirred up by
3.31

the signal station. Further information on these storm signals the swell as to break up the force of the waves, and cause a
may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) large area of smooth water, on the outer part of which vessels
South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig- anchor.
nals.” The dark green mud is fine and oily to the touch. The
3.31

Contact Information.—See the table titled Alappuzha (Al-

3.31 smoothness of the water is probably caused by the oil which
leppey)—Contact Information. the mud has been found to contain. In calm weather this bank
is not perceptible. This mud bank shifts position from year to
Alappuzha (Alleppey)—Contact Information year, and is sometimes found up to 11 miles S of Alleppey. It is
subject to mud volcanoes, which bubble up, bringing dead fish,
Port roots, and trunks of trees to the surface. The mud bank devel-
Call sign VHF channel 16 ops toward the end of June after the backwater has become
swollen by the rains. The cause of this mud bank is said to be
Telephone 91-477-225-3213 the greater elevation, about 1m, of the water level in the vast
backwater over that of the sea. The hydraulic pressure forces
Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels of
3.31
out mud and vegetable matter through the several outlets
moderate size can obtain anchorage, in about 8m, with Allep- during the Southwest Monsoon, and forms mudbanks along the

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 105

beaches and in the shallow waters offshore. Evidence has been Nindakara—Contact Information
found of a subterranean connection, through mud, between the
backwater and the sea. There is said to be a swell, during the 91-471-232-4842
Southwest Monsoon, to N of a position 2 miles N of Alleppey, Telephone 91-471-232-3871
but to the S the swell is quite deadened by this shifting mud
bank. 91-471-232-4533
Facsimile 91-471-232-4533
Alleppey to Quilon (Kollam) Web site http://www.keralaports.gov.in
3.32 The coast from Alleppey to Quilon (Kollam), about
40 miles SSE, is sandy, and in general, fringed with palms. The port can be contacted from 0800 to 2200, only when a
3.33

From Alleppey to Pirakkad (Porakad), about 9 miles SSE, the vessel is loading.
coast is more thickly fringed by palms. A mud bank off Pirak- Anchorage.—For large vessels working cargo, can be ob-
3.33

kad was reported in to be extending seawards. tained, in about 12.8m, WSW of the entrance. Care must be
There is anchorage off Kottapalli (South Vazhapuram)
3.32
taken to avoid a 4.4m shoal about 1.8 miles SW of the seaward
(9°19'N., 76°23'E.), but local knowledge is necessary. This an- end of the N breakwater. In good weather, anchorage may be
chorage is sometimes used as a port when Alleppey is closed taken, in about 9.1m, about 0.8 mile off the water tower at Ko-
during the Southwest Monsoon or when its mud bank has vilthottam. Anchorage can be taken about 1.3 miles W of Padi-
moved elsewhere. yamkara Tekku Light, in a depth of 8m.
A precautionary area lies 44 miles W of Alleppey in position
3.32

9°22'N, 75°35'E close N of a TSS that follows along the 200m 3.34 The port of Quilon (Kollam) (8°53'N., 76°35'E.)
curve in a SE direction to a position offshore of Quilon. (World Port Index No. 49160) is a small roadstead lying in the
A light, 15m in height, is shown from the N breakwater at
3.32
bight close SE of Tangasseri Point. The N and S limits of the
Kottapalli. port are defined by lines extending in a 247° direction from
A light is shown near Padiyamkara Tekku (Pathiyankara)
3.32
two boundary pillars. The N pillar and the S pillar lie about 0.7
(9°14'N., 76°25'E.) during the Southwest Monsoon. The posi- mile E and 3 miles ESE, respectively, of Tangasseri Point. The
tion of the light is dependent on the movement of the Alleppey W limit is defined by a line extending 180° from the point.
mud bank.
At Kovilthottam (Koilthottam) (8°59'N., 76°32'E.), there is
3.32

a water tower; a light is shown from a white, square, masonry

tower with two black bands, close NW of the water tower.
Foul ground extends up to about 2 miles offshore from a po-
3.32

sition on the coast about 1 mile S of Kovilthottam to Tangasseri

Point, about 6 miles farther SSE. Vessels approaching this part
of the coast at night should not proceed into depths of less than
about 27m.

3.33 Nindakara (8°56'N., 76°33'E.), about 3 miles S of

Kovilthottam, is an open roadstead port at the entrance to Asht-
amudi Backwaters. At the entrance, two breakwaters shelter a
shallow basin, with jetties on its N side where barges load il-
menite sand. The entrance can be identified from seaward by a
break in the palms fringing the shore, and by a bridge, which is
prominent, spanning the outlet.
The port is seasonal, operating from mid-November to mid-
3.33

April. Quilon (Kollam) Harbor

Pilotage.—Pilotage is not available.
3.33

Signals.—Storm signals are displayed; the Brief System is

3.33
Depths—Limitations.—Tangasseri Reef, consisting of foul
used. Further information on these storm signals may be found ground and shoal water, extends about 1.5 miles W and 1 mile
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan- SW of Tangasseri Point. Pallikall Shoal, with a depth of 2m,
tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” lies about 0.7 mile ESE of Tangasseri Point, near the SE end of
Contact Information.—See the table titled Nindakara—
3.33
the coastal reef. A black buoy and a red conical buoy are
Contact Information. moored about 1 mile and 1.3 miles SE, respectively, of Tangas-
seri Point.
The port is protected by the Tangasseri Breakwater, extend-
3.34

Nindakara—Contact Information ing about 1.1 miles SSE of Tangasseri Point. The breakwater
Port Authority was completely restored and strengthened in 2009 after tsuna-
mi damage that had occurred 5 years previous and now has a
VHF VHF channel 16
permanent road laid along the entire length. There is also a lee
breakwater extending about 500m SSW of the old Post Office

Pub. 173
106 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

with a wharf, 116m in length, located at the W end of this Pallikall Shoal.
breakwater. There are plans (2009) to increase the length of Caution.—Two wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 14 miles
3.34

this wharf to 220m but no time has been set. W and 26 miles NW of Quilon.
There is a least depth of 8.9m in the fairway of the channel
3.34

between the buoys and a depth of 8.6m about 0.2 mile SSE of Quilon (Kollam) to Kolachel
the black buoy. The red conical buoy marks the NW end of a
group of dangers, with a least depth of 6.4m, extending ESE. 3.35 The coast between Quilon (Kollam) and Trivandrum,
The basin presently accommodates vessels up to a draft of
3.34 about 31 miles SE, is sandy and fringed with palms. About 5
7m but there are plans (2009) to increase this to 10m. miles SE of Quilon (Kollam) a gap in the fringe of palms fronts
Gamaria Rock, with a depth of 7m and marked close N by a
3.34 a large backwater.
black and white conical buoy, lies about 1.3 miles ESE of Tan- Anjengo (8°40'N., 76°46'E.), formerly of importance but
3.35

gasseri Point. The above buoys are in position from October to now a fishing village, is seldom visited as its anchorage is ex-
May. There is heavy surf along the steep beach fronting the bight posed to the surf at all times. It is not easy to identify, even
and landing is dangerous except in native boats. from a short distance, as the fort and other buildings are low
Aspect.—Tangasseri Point Light (8°53'N., 76°43'E.) is
3.34 and screened by trees. A light shows at a height of 38m from a
shown from a concrete tower, 41m high, painted in black and circular concrete tower at Anjengo. A church with a white face
white diagonal stripes, on the point. The point has been report- is visible on the coast NW of the fort; there is a bungalow on a
ed to be a good radar target at 17 miles. hill about 2 miles N. A red tableland, about 4 miles N of An-
The coast from close E of Tangasseri Point to about 3 miles
3.34 jengo, may be of assistance in identifying it.
NNW of it is rocky with groves of palms growing close to the Anchorage may be taken, in a depth of 21m, sand and shell,
3.35

HW line. about 1 mile offshore abreast Anjengo. The bottom is foul and
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is provided by the
3.34 rocky in depths of less than about 18.3m.
Port Officer, Nindakara. The pilot boards about 0.5 mile SE of The coast between Anjengo and Trivandrum is safe to ap-
3.35

the main breakwater head in position 8°57'41.4''N, proach, and the country inland is hilly and undulating. Patches
76°35'16.8''E. of red tableland, when seen from beyond about 7 miles, appear
Signals.—Signals for vessels at anchor are displayed from
3.34 as red cliffs above the palms fringing the coast.
the flagstaff near the light. Agastya Malai (8°37'N., 77°15'E.), 1,869m high and the
3.35

Contact Information.—See the table titled Quilon (Kol-

3.34 highest peak of the Western Ghats, lies about 20 miles ENE of
lam)—Contact Information. Trivandrum. Lower hills lie between the Ghats and the coast.
Mukkunni Malai, 252m high, with a round, gradually sloping
Quilon (Kollam)—Contact Information summit, about 4 miles ESE of Trivandrum, can be seen from a
good distance to the S and also from the roadstead at Anjengo.
Port
VHF VHF channel 16 3.36 Trivandrum (8°29'N., 76°57'E.) (World Port Index
No. 49170), the capital city of the state of Kerala, lies about 1
Telephone 91-474-274-3825
mile from the coast. The ruins of a pier, extending to the LW
Facsimile 91-474-274-3825 line, are prominent on the coast S of the city; a flagstaff, 29m
high, lies near the root of the pier; and a church, about 0.5 mile
E-mail portkollam@yahoo.co.in
NE of the pier, is easily identified. A palace, consisting of a
Pilots white rectangular building with a dull red roof, lies on the coast
VHF VHF channel 16 about 1.3 miles NW of the ruined pier; a white house is con-
spicuous close NW. Trivandrum Observatory, with two white
domes, 61m high, lies on a hill 2 miles N of the city. A radio
Anchorage.—Anchorage off Quilon (Kollam) is exposed to
3.34
mast, marked by an obstruction light, is situated about 5 miles
winds from the NW through W to SE, and is little frequented NNW of the ruined pier. Good radar returns have been reported
during the Southwest Monsoon, when communication with the from Trivandrum at 12 miles.
shore is only practicable by signal. During the Southwest Mon- Trivandrum is a lighterage port with no docking facilities
3.36

soon vessels should anchor, in not less than 15m, with Tangas- available. ETA messages should be sent via Bahrain or Singa-
seri Point bearing about 000°, distant over 1 mile. pore Radio 24 hours, 7 hours, 5 hours, 3 hours, and 2 hours pri-
Between October and May, vessels can anchor in the inner
3.34
or to arrival to either the charterers/shippers or consignees of
anchorage, between Gamaria Rock and Pallikall Shoal, in the cargo being carried. Pilotage is not compulsory but one is
about 9.1m, sand, with the red chimney of the tile works bear- available.
ing 040°, and Tangasseri Light bearing 299°. A large vessel Trivandrum is closed during the Summer Monsoon season,
3.36

may find a position about 0.3 mile farther SW more comfort- usually May through August.
able. Anchorage can be obtained, in a depth of 18.3m, with the
3.36

Directions.—Vessels approaching Quilon (Kollam) from the

3.34

flagstaff near the ruined pier bearing 077°, about 0.4 mile. The
N should not approach Tangasseri Point in depths of less than coast between Trivandrum and Kolachel, about 26 miles SE, is
20m to avoid the foul ground W and SW of the point. When the sandy and fringed with coconut trees; it is safe to approach ex-
tile work’s prominent red 35m high chimney bears 044°°, steer cept near Enciam Islet.
for it on that bearing, which leads between Gamaria Rock and Landing should not be attempted by small boats due to a
3.36

Pub. 173
 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin 107

strong surf running along the coastline during the winter mon- light structure.
soon season. 4. A low warehouse about 0.25 mile E of the light struc-
ture.
3.37 Kovalam Point (Covelong Point) (8°23'N., 76°58'E.) 5. A small house with tiled roof, about 90m farther ESE.
is a bluff point with a conspicuous red-roofed building on it. 6. A white cross close SE of the house.
Good radar returns have been reported from the point at 19 7. A white pillar with black bands, from which a light is
miles. Vilinjam Light is shown from a white round masonry periodically shown, close ESE of the white cross.
tower, 36m high, about 0.7 mile SE of the conspicuous build- Signals.—Storm signals, using the Brief System, are dis-
3.38

ing. Vilinjam Point lies about 0.5 mile farther SE. played from a flagstaff 0.4 mile E of Kolachel Light. Further
At Vilinjam, 3 miles NW of Karichal, there is a modern
3.37 information on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160,
(1980) fishing harbor. The harbor is protected by two breakwa- Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and
ters. A fish factory, lying close to the shore, is conspicuous. Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
Many small fishing craft may be encountered up to 9 miles SW Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in a depth of
3.38

of Vilinjam. A light is shown from a round, white, masonry 21m, with the flagstaff bearing 060°, 1.3 miles. Small vessels
tower with red bands, 36m high, on a bluff 0.5 mile SE of can obtain anchorage, in about 13m, sand, with the flagstaff
Kovalam Point. bearing 327°, 0.7 mile. Mooring buoys are moored about 0.3
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of about 15m, 0.5 mile S
3.37 mile SE of Kolachel Light.
of the ice factory.
Enciam Islet (8°13'N., 77°11'E.), with a conspicuous church
3.37
Kolachel to Cape Comorin
on it, lies about 0.3 mile offshore. Rocks, above and below-wa-
ter, extend about 0.5 mile SW and NE of the islet. A large con- 3.39 Muttam Point (Muttum Point) (8°07'N., 77°19'E.),
spicuous building, light gray with three towers at its N end, has 35m high and with steep red cliffs, lies about 5.5 miles SE of
been reported to lie near the coast about 3 miles NW of Enciam Kolachel. The village of Muttamtura lies on the point. A light,
Islet. with a racon, is shown on the point. A group of palmyra trees
Caution.—Vessels, when in the vicinity of Enciam Islet at
3.37 on high red ground, about 1 mile N of the light structure, forms
night, should not approach into depths of less than 35m, which a good landmark which can usually be seen above mist which
are encountered barely 2 miles seaward of the rocks in the vi- may obscure the lighthouse. Muttam Point has been reported to
cinity. give a good radar response at 18 miles.

Kolachel (8°10'N., 77°15'E.)

World Port Index No. 49180

3.38 Kolachel is an open roadstead with anchorage in

about 13m in the lee of four small islets. The port is important
for the export of ilmenite sand. Vessels of 10,000 15,000 gt
have called here. Landing during good weather is fairly easy as
the rocks off the village form a practical breakwater to the
heavy surf on the coast.
Depths—Limitations.—The depths shoal gradually from
3.38

21m in the outer anchorage to 10m about 0.2 mile offshore in

the area E of the town.
Several rocks, above and below-water, extend up to about 0.3
3.38

mile S and SW of Kolachel. Kurusukal Islet, 6m high and sur-

mounted by a white shrine carrying a black cross, lies about
183m S of Kolachel Light. Ahnakal, 3m high, lies close SSE of
Kurusukal, with a rock awash close SE of it.
Pulleri, 1m high, the SE danger in the approach to Kolachel,
3.38

lies about 0.3 mile SSE of Kurusukal Islet. Patna Rock and
Constance Rock, with depths of 2m, lie about 183m W and 0.5
mile WNW, respectively, of Pulleri.
Aspect.—The 203m summit of the Anai Parai Hills, about
3.38

4.5 miles N of Kolachel, is a good landmark in making the Muttam Point Light
port.
On closer approach, the following conspicuous objects can
3.38

Vessels in the vicinity of Muttam Point, at night, should not

3.39

be identified: approach into depths of less than 45m due to the dangers W
1. Kolachel Light, shown from a white platform on a and SW of the point.
mound close to the foreshore SW of the town. Crocodile Rock, a dangerous sunken rock about 3 miles SW
3.39

2. The flagstaff close to the light. of Muttam Point Light, is the outermost danger; the sea does
3. The Roman Catholic church about 46m NNW of the

Pub. 173
108 Sector 3. India—West Coast—Cape Rama to Cape Comorin

not break over it in calm weather. Aduna Rock, 5m high, lies along this coast and ship’s boats should not attempt to land; the
about 1.3 miles SW of the point. It is difficult to identify from local inhabitants use only catamarans.
seaward, and foul ground extends about 0.2 mile NNW from it. Wedge Bank, with a least depth of 55m, lies about 25 miles
3.39

Kota Rock, 6m high and steep-to on its W side, lies about 1.3 SW of Cape Comorin.
miles WNW of Aduna Rock. Vessels should not pass inside of Kanniyakumari Port (8°05'N., 77°32'E.) is a minor port
3.39

Aduna and Kota Rocks. used primarily for ferry traffic. Depths in the boat basin and
The coast extends about 14 miles ESE from Muttam Point to
3.39 alongside the pier are 2.3m or less.
Cape Comorin (8°05'N., 77°33'E.). A heavy surf prevails

Pub. 173
 4.
Sector 4—Sri Lanka (including the Gulf of Mannar, Palk Strait, and Palk Bay) and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere
Pub. 173

4.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 4 — CHART INFORMATION

109
 111

SECTOR 4
SRI LANKA (INCLUDING THE GULF OF MANNAR, PALK STRAIT, AND PALK BAY) AND IN-
DIA—EAST COAST—CAPE COMORIN TO POINT CALIMERE

Plan.—This sector describes the Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka

4.0 4.2 Hiniduma Kanda (Haycock) (6°20'N., 80°18'E.),
(Ceylon), and then Palk Strait and Bay. The arrangement of the 658m high, about 19 miles N of Point de Galle, appears as a
sector is NE from Cape Comorin along the SE coast of India, large round-topped mountain from all directions; it is conspic-
from there S, E, and N along the coasts of Sri Lanka, followed uous and rarely obscured.
by the description of Palk Strait and Palk Bay. 4.2The central part of the S half of Sri Lanka is mountainous,
The sector includes the roadstead port of Tuticorin on the SE
4.0 and on a clear day its outline is visible from W. The higher
coast of India, and the important ports of Colombo, Galle, and peaks are generally veiled in haze, particularly during the
Trincomalee of Sri Lanka. Southwest Monsoon, but are often visible during the morning
hours at other times of the year and, occasionally, all day
General Remarks during the month of March. The mountains terminate some-
what abruptly E at Namunakuli (6°57'N., 81°06'E.), 2,033m
4.1 The Gulf of Mannar lies between the SE coast of the high.
Indian Peninsula and the W coast of Sri Lanka. Its S boundary 4.2With the exception of several isolated hills rising abruptly
lies between Cape Comorin, the S extremity of India, and Point from the E plain, the remainder of the island is practically flat.
de Galle, the SW point of Sri Lanka. The gulf is bounded N by The whole island is densely covered with tropical forest and
Adam’s Bridge, a chain of islets and rocks extending from the jungle with the exception of the open grassland, and in the
E end of Pamban Island (9°11'N., 79°25'E.) to Mannar Island, parts which have been cleared for agriculture, or in the hills
about 16 miles ESE. where hundreds of square miles have been cleared for the
4.1The NW coast of the Gulf of Mannar is, with the exception planting of coffee, tea, and rubber.
of the mountains extending N from Cape Comorin, generally 4.2The entire W and S coasts of Sri Lanka and many parts of the
low and sandy, with the mountains lying about 55 miles inland. E coast are densely planted with coconut trees. Fresh and salt
This level plain has an average elevation of about 50m, and water lagoons, lying a short distance inland, exist on both the E
gradually rises toward Cape Comorin. and W coasts, and notably at the N extremity of the island, but
4.1The W coast of Sri Lanka is low and planted with coconut only to a limited extent to the S.
trees. Inland, the foothills of the mountain district abreast Co- 4.2Depths in the approaches to the Gulf of Mannar are deep and
lombo begin about 20 miles from the coast. clear of dangers, with the 200m curve lying 40 miles SSE of
4.1Adam’s Peak (6°48'N., 80°30'E.), 2,243m high and the Cape Comorin and about 13.5 miles W of Colombo. Immedi-
highest land visible off the W coast of Sri Lanka, is an excel- ately within this curve, W of Colombo, there are depths of less
lent mark during the Northeast Monsoon, but is seldom visible than 55m; this steep edge forms a valuable guide when ap-
during the remainder of the year. proaching the land in thick weather or at night.
4.1Winds—Weather.—The coast covered by this sector is, like 4.2The coastal bank is fairly level, and off Colombo there are
the rest of Sri Lanka, predominantly in a region of the mon- depths of 18.3m to within between 1 and 3.5 miles of the shore.
soon. Of the four phases to be considered the Southwest Mon- 4.2Depths in the approaches to the S and E coasts of Sri Lanka
soon is the most important, followed by the Northeast are deep and clear outside the 200m curve, which lies from 2 to
Monsoon. Between these two monsoon are the spring and au- 18 miles offshore until N of Trincomalee Bay, where the 200m
tumn transitions with their light and unsteady winds. curve is charted about 38 miles W of Point Pedro. In Trin-
4.1In the Gulf of Mannar, the Northeast Monsoon is steadiest in comalee Bay depths of over 200m lie within a few hundred me-
January and has much weakened by March. The wind becomes ters of the shore.
light and variable toward the end of April, and squally showers 4.2The 20m curve in general lies between 1 and 3 miles off the
are common. S and E coasts of Sri Lanka, except in the vicinity of Great
4.1The Southwest Monsoon is usually established sometime in Basses Reef, Little Basses Reef and Egeria Patch, and until N
May and gains strength in June. From July to the end of Sep- of 9°N, where the 20m curve lies about 12 miles off Point Pe-
tember fresh SW winds prevail, with mainly fair weather at the dro.
end of the gulf. The wind usually moderates near the head of
the gulf at night and in the early morning and freshens again in India—Cape Comorin to Tuticorin
the afternoon as a result of land and sea breeze effect. In Octo-
ber the wind is more variable and there are heavy squalls with 4.3 Cape Comorin (8°05'N., 77°33'E.), the S extremity
rain in the latter part of the month. of India, is low and sandy, with a small white pagoda on its ex-
4.1In November, the wind is normally between WNW and NE tremity. This pagoda is surrounded by a high wall, above which
and the weather is very unsettled with frequent heavy squalls the top of the pagoda may be seen. A bungalow lies NW of the
and rain; the Northeast Monsoon usually becomes established pagoda. A conspicuous memorial, 37m high, lies close W of
by about the end of the month. the cape. The coast close W of the pagoda is barren and sandy,
but is wooded NE of it.

Pub. 173
112 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

4.3Cape Comorin Light and racon are shown from a square Manappad Point and the town of Periya Talai, about 6 miles
white tower, 34m high, and painted in red bands, about 0.3 WSW of the point. From June through August, when the
mile NW of the cape. A church, 54m high, lies in a village Southwest Monsoon is strong, heavy seas roll in on this part of
about 0.5 mile N of the cape. the coast, and vessels should then anchor off Alantalai or Pun-
4.3Good radar returns have been reported from Cape Comorin naikayal.
at 23 miles. The coast between Manappad Point and Tuticorin is low,
4.4

4.3Foul ground extends about 0.5 mile S and SE from the cape. sandy, and fringed with coconut trees.
An area of foul ground lies 1.5 miles offshore, about 6 miles W Between Manappad Point and the village of Alantalai, about
4.4

of Cape Comorin. 5.5 miles NNE, an area of foul rocky ground extends about 2.8
4.3The land rises gradually N of Cape Comorin so that from a miles offshore. There are heavy breakers over this area during
distance the cape appears as a sandy promontory. A mountain, the Northeast Monsoon; these breakers extend 1 mile SE of
370m high, about 4 miles NW of the cape, appears as a pointed Manappad Point.
cone except from E or S. A range, about 9 miles farther N, with Anchorage.—Anchorage by small vessels can be taken off
4.4

heights up to 1,041m, resembles a camel’s hump. Alantalai, in 7.3m, mud, with the church bearing 292°, distant
4.3Mahendra Giri, 1,657m high, lies about 19 miles N of the 1.8 miles. Protection from SW winds is afforded by the coastal
cape. These high peaks of the Western Ghats may be mistaken reef to the S.
at a great distance for the 370m mountain nearer to the cape.
4.3Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents off Cape Comorin set 4.5 Tiruchendur Point (8°30'N., 78°08'E.) is a low,
E during the flood and W during the ebb, but their direction rocky bluff headland, with a prominent dark-colored temple,
and strength are much affected by the ocean currents. 54m high, at its extremity. This pagoda is a useful mark and
4.3The coast between Cape Comorin and Manappad Point, can be seen for a distance of about 15 miles. A conspicuous
about 35.5 miles ENE, is somewhat higher than the remainder chimney, 28m high, painted in red and white bands and emit-
of the NW coast of the Gulf of Mannar, with undulating sand ting a flame, lies about 5 miles NNW of the point. In 1976, a
hills up to 60m high. The background consists of reddish soil depth of 14m was reported 9.3 miles ESE of the point.
and rises gradually to the foot of the Southern Ghats a few 4.5From Tiruchendur Point to abreast the fishing village of Pun-
miles inland. Many villages and whitewashed churches lie naikayal, about 8 miles N, the coastal reef extends about 2.3
along this coast, but landing in a ship’s boat is always difficult miles offshore. In heavy weather, the sea breaks on this reef in
and dangerous. depths of 4.6 to 5.5m; usually it breaks farther inshore in
4.3An obelisk, 8m high, lies on the coast about 2 miles N of depths of 3.7m.
Cape Comorin, and serves to mark the position of a stranded 4.5Punnaikayal, about 1 mile inland, can be identified by the ru-
wreck about 0.5 mile ESE. ins of a church and by a group of palmyra trees on the beach. A
4.3Caution.—When approaching Cape Comorin from the NW 4.6m patch lies about 3 miles E of the village.
during the Northeast Monsoon, a vessel sheltered by the coast 4.5Anchorage.—Anchorage for small vessels, in 7.3m, can be
as far as Muttam Point, about 14 miles W of the cape, may sud- found off Punnaikayal, about 1.5 miles offshore, with the
denly pass from a calm into the strength of the monsoon, even clump of trees bearing 258° remaining clear of the dangerous
if already well offshore. wreck N of the anchorage. The coastal reef to the S provides
4.3A dangerous obstruction was reported (2002) to lie about 8 shelter from S winds, but local knowledge is necessary.
miles WSW of Comorin Point.
Tuticorin (V. O. Chidambaranar Port)
4.4 East Cape (8°12'N., 77°47'E.) is prominent, and the (8°48'N., 78°10'E.)
coastal reef, with depths of 5.5m, extends about 1 mile offshore
near the cape. World Port Index No. 49320
Anchorage.—Shelter from W winds can be found in the
4.4

bight between Cape Comorin and East Cape, but during the 4.6 Tuticorin (Tuttukuddi) is the largest commercial town
Southwest Monsoon landing by ship’s boats should not be at- on the W side of the Gulf of Mannar. The port is an open road-
tempted as swells roll into the bight. stead, well-protected by the land to the W from the Southwest
Anchorage for small vessels can be obtained, in 7.3m, in the
4.4 Monsoon; it is available in all seasons.
bight N of East Cape, partially protected from W winds and 4.6The former Tuticorin Port Trust changed its name to V. O.
swell by the coast SW. Chidambaranar Port Trust in January, 2011.
Manappad Point (8°22'N., 78°04'E.) is a high sandy prom-
4.4

ontory with a rock base. A light is shown from a white, round V. O. Chidambaranar Port Trust
concrete tower with red diagonal stripes. The village of
Manappad lies 0.8 mile W of the point. http://www.vocport.gov.in
Manappad Outer Shoal, with a least depth of 6.4m, lies about
4.4

8 miles SE of Manappad Point. A 13.4m shoal, reported in The all-weather harbor of New Tuticorin, about 0.5 mile S of
4.6

1976, lies about 6 miles farther E. Other shoals lie WNW and Tuticorin, handles the majority of cargo for the port. The port is
WSW. Vessels should avoid passing through this area, and in protected on its N side by North Breakwater, which is 2.3 miles
thick weather should not get into depths less than 35m. long, and on its S side by South Breakwater and Eastern Break-
Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained during the
4.4
water. A lighted special mark buoy lies approximately 0.7 mile
Northeast Monsoon, in 11m, about 1 mile offshore between SE of the Eastern Breakwater. The rocky sea bottom, making

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 113

dredging closer inshore impossible, necessitates these long They are weak and variable at the change of the monsoons. When
breakwaters. Natural depths of 11m become available only at a there is a lull in the monsoon, there is a tendency for current to set
distance of approximately 2 miles from shore. The entrance to into, instead of across, the Gulf of Mannar.
the harbor lies 3 miles SE of Pandiyan Tivu Light. 4.6The tidal currents at Tuticorin set in a N direction with the
Tuticorin also has a passenger terminal for ferry services be-
4.6 flood tide and in a S direction with the ebb.
tween the port and Colombo, Sri Lanka. 4.6Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel has been
Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Tuticorin is 1m at
4.6 dredged to 14.7m (2011) and the area inside the breakwaters
MHWS and 0.7m at near HWN. has been dredged to 14.1m (2011).
The currents along the coast, outside the islands near Tuticorin,
4.6 4.6Berth information is given in the accompanying table titled
generally set with the wind, varying in strength from 1 to 2 knots. Tuticorin—Berth Information.

Tuticorin—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Tuticorin Dry Cargo
VOC I 168m — 199m 9.3m 36.0m 66,652 dwt
VOC II 168m — 229m 9.3m 32.3m 81,970 dwt Chemicals, breakbulk, multipurpose, and bun-
VOC III 192m — 245m 11.5m 37.0m 91,807 dwt kers. Continuous berthing length of 720m.
VOC IV 192m — 245m 11.5m 36.0m 82,117 dwt
No. 5 — — 199m 8.6m 32.3m 64,071 dwt Chemicals, breakbulk, bunkers, ro-ro/lo-lo,
and multipurpose. Continuous berthing length
No. 6 — — 225m 9.3m 36.0m 75,592 dwt of 450m.
121,624 dwt/ Coal, wood chips, containers, breakbulk, and
No. 9 335m — 260m 14.2m 43.0m
2,148teu bunkers.
Tuticorin Terminal—Zone A
Chemical gases, chemicals, clean products,
Oil Jetty 32m — 228m 13.0m 32.3m 50,506 dwt dirty products, bunkers, and LPG. Berthing
length of 80m (including dolphins).
South Breakwater
Chemicals, LPG, aggregates, coal, ro-ro/lo-lo,
Finger
185m — 156m 4.5m 27.7m 21,181dwt container, breakbulk, multipurpose, and bun-
Pier
kers.
Shallow
Draft 140m — 120m 5.8m 21.0m 9,104 dwt LPG and bunkers.
Berth
Dakshin Bharat Gateway Terminal
No. 8 345m — 310m 14.2m 40.0m 93,000dwt Containers, bunkers, and reefers.
PSA SICAL Container Terminal
No. 7 370m — 270m 11.7m 32.2m 50,000dwt Containers, bunkers, and reefers.
Tuticorin Coal Terminal
Coal Jetty Coal, project/heavy cargo, breakbulk, and bun-
301m — 225m 13.0m 36.0m 74,764 dwt
1 kers.
Coal Jetty Coal, and bunkers. Berthing length of 318m
210m — 225m 13.0m 32.2m 70,296 dwt
2 (including dolphins).
NCB I 320m 14.1m 245m 14.0m 36.8m 87,375 dwt
Coal and bunkers. Continuous berthing length
NCB II 295m 14.1m 245m 14.0m 32.3m 80,000 dwt
of 920m.
NCB III 305m — 225m 14.2m 32.3m 75,397 dwt
NCB IV — — — — — — Coal. Under construction (2021).

Pub. 173
114 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

mile NW of the pierhead light at Tuticorin.

2. A chimney, 45m high, and a water tower, about 0.2
mile ENE of the cathedral.
3. The gray spire of the Roman Catholic Church, about
0.3 mile S of the cathedral.
4.6Pilotage.—Pilotage for Tuticorin and New Tuticorin is com-
pulsory; it is available 24 hours. Pilots board, as follows:
1. Vessels with a draft of less than 12m—about 1.9 miles
SE of East Breakwater Light.
2. Vessels with a draft of 12m and over—about 6.5 miles
SE of East Breakwater Light.
4.6Pilots should be requested through the ship’s agent 72 hours
in advance.
4.6Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Tuticorin Pilots) on VHF
channels 6, 14, and 16.
4.6Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent, via the
agent, 72 hours and 24 hours in advance and confirmed or
amended no less than 6 hours in advance.
4.6The ETA messages should contain the following informa-
tion:
1. Vessel’s name, nationality, and call sign.
2. Length, draft, and gross tonnage.
3. Last port of call and cargo.
4. Port of origin/destination of cargo.
Tuticorin Light 5. Last port of call/next port of call.
4.6Vessels must contact the signal station 1 hour prior to arrival
4.6A drying reef extends up to 0.5 mile E of Pandiyan Island. and upon arrival on VHF channel 12 or 16.
Orripar, a rock shoal with a least depth of 0.9m, lies about 0.3 4.6Signals.—A signal station, with a flagstaff 29m high, lies on
mile N of Pandiyan Island. the N end of Pandiyan Island. This station, manned day and
4.6Kariapar, a rocky pinnacle with a depth of 1.5m, lies about night, is connected to the mainland by telephone. Communica-
0.8 mile NE of the NE extremity of Pandiyan Island. Rocky tion is by International Code of Signals.
pinnacles, each with a depth of 1.5m, lie about 0.2 mile E and 4.6Storm signals are displayed from the signal station; the Gen-
0.5 mile ENE, respectively, of Kariapar. eral System is used. Further information on these storm signals
4.6Van Island, about 2.8 miles NNE of Pandiyan Island, lies on may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
a reef which extends about 0.5 mile NE and 0.4 mile SE from South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
it. A beacon, 10m high, lies on the S extremity of Van Tivu. nals.”
4.6A boat channel, about 137m wide, marked by lighted buoys 4.6Contact Information.—See the table titled Tuticorin—
and a lighted range, leads to the old piers at Tuticorin from a Contact Information.
position about 1.8 miles NE of the N end of Pandiyan Island. 4.6Anchorage.—There are three recommended anchorages,
The least depth alongside the piers and wharves at Tuticorin is with positions from East Breakwater Head Light, as follows:
2.4m. 1. Alpha Anchorage, for drafts less than 12m, lies 3
4.6Aspect.—Vallanad (8°43'N., 77°54'E.), a conspicuous red miles E. It has a least depth of about 14m, with a mud and
hill, 314m high, about 17 miles WSW of Tuticorin, may be sand bottom.
seen before Pandiyan Island Light is visible. 2. Bravo Anchorage, for drafts from 12 to 14.5m, lies 8
4.6Pandiyan Tivu Light is shown from the N end of Pandiyan miles ESE. It has a depth of about 18m, with a sand and shell
Island; a racon is situated at the light. bottom.
4.6A beacon, consisting of a white masonry obelisk, 10m high, 3. Charlie Anchorage, for tankers with a draft of less
lies near the root of the S breakwater. Two water towers, with than 14.5m, lies 3.5 miles NE. It has a least depth of about
heights of 29 and 22m, are conspicuous about 0.3 mile and 1.3 15m, with a sand bottom.
miles W, respectively, of the above light. 4.6During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels should have a good
4.6Range lights, in line bearing 311.5°, lead into New Tuticorin; scope of anchor chain and a second anchor always ready as
the front light is shown from a metal framework tower lying there are many dangers to leeward.
about midway along the N breakwater while the rear light is
shown from a similar tower 1 mile S of Pandiyan Tivu Light. A Tuticorin—Contact Information
light is shown from the head of the N breakwater. The channel
leading NW to the entrance of the new harbor is marked by Port Authority
lighted buoys. Telephone 91-461-235-2290
4.6The following objects in Tuticorin are conspicuous and easi-
ly identified: Facsimile 91-461-235-2301
1. The yellow spire of Sacred Heart Cathedral, about 0.2 E-mail info@vocport.gov.in

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 115

Tuticorin—Contact Information India—Valinokkam Point to Pamban Pass

Web site http://www.vocport.gov.in 4.8 The coast between Valinokkam Point and Ramen
Harbormaster Point, about 32 miles ENE, is fronted by a chain of islands and
shoals extending up to 6 miles offshore. Depths outside this
Telephone 91-461-235-2423 chain of islands and shoals are regular, but in places overfalls
Facsimile 91-461-235-3067 occur.
An anchorage is located 2.5 miles NE of Valinokkam Point.
4.8

Signal Station
A dangerous rock lies about 1 mile WSW of the anchorage.
Call sign Tuticorin Port Large vessels should not navigate in depths less than 22m off
4.8

this stretch of coast as the area is imperfectly surveyed and sev-

Facsimile VHF channels 6, 12, 14, and 16
eral relatively shoal patches are charted. They should not sight
Telephone 91-461-235-2592 any of the islands of which the chain is composed.
Pilots Kilakarai Passage, the shallow passage between the chain and
4.8

the coast, can only be used by small vessels; local knowledge is

Call sign Tuticorin Pilot necessary due to the numerous shoals, with depths of less than
VHF VHF channels 6, 14, and 16 1.8m, and the narrow, undefined channels between them. The
passage affords a smooth passage for small coastal vessels for
Tugs half the distance between Tuticorin and Pamban.
VHF VHF channel 10 Valinokkam Point (9°09'N., 78°39'E.) is marked by a beacon,
4.8

6m high. A submerged rock is marked by a beacon about 1.5

miles NE. These beacons are useful marks for vessels making
During the Southwest Monsoon, from about mid-May to
4.6

the W entrance of Kilakarai Passage, between Valinokkam Point

mid-August, the wind, though sometimes violent, is invariably
and Anaipar Tivu (Anapipar Tivu), about 2 miles E.
offshore, and the sea is calm or slight.
The passage then leads S of a submerged rock, marked by a
Caution.—Vessels approaching the anchorage should make
4.8

4.6

beacon, about 4 miles ENE of Valinokkam Point, and then to the

sure of their position, as the coast is low and the shoals extend
anchorage off Kilakarai. A light is shown from a white hexagonal
some distance from it. Vessels making the anchorage at night
concrete tower with red bands, 30m high, at Kilakarai.
should approach to seaward of all off-lying dangers.
Pilotage.—Pilots for Kilakarai Passage and for Pamban Pass
Several wrecks and foul ground lie between 1.5 and 2.3
4.8

4.6

are stationed at Kilakarai (9°14'N., 78°47'E.).

miles E and ESE of Pandiyan Island Light.
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken off Kilakarai by
A new jetty and land reclamation lie close SW of position
4.8

4.6

small vessels; local knowledge is necessary. Anchorage, some-

8°45.2'N, 78°12.6'E.
what sheltered from the Southwest Monsoon, can also be taken
Jetties, wharves and an overhead transporter have been es-
4.6

off Muttupetai Betel (9°16'N., 78°55'E.).

tablished in an area NW of the charted N breakwater.

India—Tuticorin to Valinokkam Point The Gulf of Mannar—North Side

4.9 The N side of the Gulf of Mannar is formed by Pamban
4.7 The town of Pattanamarudur (8°55'N., 78°11'E.),
Island and Adam’s Bridge, both described in paragraph 4.11,
with some large trees visible up to 10 miles offshore, lies at the
and Mannar Island, described in paragraph 4.12.
head of this bight, about 7 miles N of Tuticorin. The bight is
Pamban Pass (9°17'N., 79°12'E.) is the navigable channel,
filled by a flat, with depths of less than 5.5m, extending up to
4.9

about 4.5 miles offshore. Kariya Shuli and Vilangu Shuli, two partly artificial, through the banks which occupy the space be-
low-lying sandy islets, lie on this flat. tween the W end of Pamban Island and the mainland. It is of
great advantage to coastal craft trading between ports on the W
4.7Between the Vaippar River and Vembar, about 7 miles NE,
coast of India and ports of the Bay of Bengal.
shoal water, with depths under 5.5m, extends up to 3.5 miles
A rocky barrier extends in a straight line between the W
offshore. Two shoals, with least depths of 4.6 and 2.7m, lie 4.5
coast of Pamban Island and Ramen Point, about 1.3 miles W.
miles SE and 4 miles S, respectively, of Vembar.
Pamban Viaduct, which carries the South India Railway is built
4.7Between Vembar and Valinokkam Point, about 18 miles
on this barrier. Pamban Viaduct has a vertical clearance of
ENE, the coast is low, sandy, and covered with palm trees. De-
16m.
tached shallow flats, on some of which are islands, lie from 1
to 5 miles offshore along this coast. 4.9A cutting, 61m wide, through the barrier and crossed by a
rolling lift bridge, lies about 0.2 mile W of Pamban Island. The
4.7Caution.—Vessels, other than small coasting vessels, should
bridge is under the control of the Port Conservator at Pamban,
not approach the coast between Tuticorin and Valinokkam
who requires 30 minutes notice to open the bridge; in an emer-
Point, about 37 miles NE, closer than 6 or 7 miles due to the
gency it can be opened immediately.
many off-lying shoals. The coastline forms a bight between Tu-
ticorin and the entrance of the Vaippar River, about 13 miles 4.9On the W side of Pamban Pass the barrier is named The
NNE. Great Dam. It consists of large masses of flat-surfaced rocks,
which were formerly portions of a causeway that extended
from Pamban Island to the mainland. The N face of the dam is
steep-to, and at LW presents a wall-like appearance, but the

Pub. 173
116 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

boulders are sufficiently separated to allow a free passage to of Pulli Reef.

the water. Kurisadi Beacon No. 2, 7m high, lies in the middle of Kuri-
4.10

4.9Ramen Point is the E extremity of a narrow tongue of land sadi Tivu. Kurisadi Beacon No. 1, 4.8m high, lies about 0.2
projecting E from the coast. A temple in ruins lies about 183m mile NW of Kurisadi Beacon No. 2, on the N edge of Pulli
W of the point; a coconut plantation lies about 183m farther W. Reef.
4.9Depths—Limitations.—In 1979, it was reported that the Shingle Island, low and covered with scrub, lies nearly 1
4.10

maximum draft for vessels using the pass was limited to 2.1m. mile ESE of Kurisadi Tivu. The island lies on Kallaru Reef, a
4.9The pass is used by some coastal vessels of from 200 to 800 coral reef, on the SW edge of which the sea breaks heavily. A
gt and about 61m in length; these are as large as can safely conspicuous triangular white beacon, 9.5m high with a black
transit the channel. band, lies on the E end of Shingle Island.
4.9Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Pamban Pass is 0.7m at Kundugal Channel is the better and more direct approach to
4.10

MHWS, and 0.5m at MHWN. Pamban Pass from the S. Having passed the outlying dangers
4.9The pass is well-marked with beacons, buoys, and is easy to near Lands End and Manalli Shoal, steer to pass E of Kallaru
navigate. Reef for a position ESE of Kundug Point, from where the
4.9Tidal currents are only noticeable at the change of the mon- channel leads W into Kundugal Gut.
soon in March, April, and October. At other times they are The tidal current sets W through Kundugal Channel on the
4.10

masked by the S current during the Northeast Monsoon, and by flood, and then W along the N edge of Pulli Reef, where it
the N current during the Southwest Monsoon. These currents joins with the flood current through Puma Channel. The com-
often attain velocities of 6 knots, making passage of the pass bined currents then set N, but they are weak unless influenced
difficult. by strong S winds.
4.9Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for merchant vessels. Li- Anchorage.—There is anchorage, in 5.8 to 7m, in Kundugal
4.10

censed pilots at Pamban are under the orders of the Pamban Channel.
Port Conservator. Pilots are stationed at Kundugal Point Directions.—Vessels approaching Pamban Pass from the S
4.10

(9°15'N., 79°13'E.), the SW extremjmity of Pamban Island, should use great care as the off-lying islands are low and there
Mundel Point at the W end of Pamban Island, and on the N are no hills or conspicuous landmarks. During the Southwest
side of Pamban Pass, to look out for vessels approaching Pam- Monsoon, haze frequently overhangs and obscures the islands.
ban. There are no official signals for vessels needing a pilot, Vessels over 4.6m draft should not approach within depths of
but local craft usually display a red or white flag. 15m until their position is accurately determined. Less water
4.9Signals.—Flag P of the International Code of Signals, dis- than charted was reported (2002) in the S approaches.
played from the port offices flagstaff at Pamban, indicates the The first landmarks identifiable from seaward are Ra-
4.10

bridge is fully open. This flag displayed from the N yardarm in- meswaram Temple (9°17'N., 79°19'E.), 50m high, appearing as a
dicates that vessels from N may pass through, and from the S large square tower viewed from NE or SW and as a narrow pinna-
yardarm indicates that vessels from the S have priority. cle from SE or NW; Gandhamana Temple, 44m high, about 1 mile
4.9Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken 1 mile NW of Pam- NW, lying in a large enclosure, but less conspicuous; Pamban
ban Island Light, in a depth of about 7m, mud, good holding Light, a white tower, on a sandhill on the NW point of Pamban Is-
ground, with Pamban Island Light bearing between 122° and land; a red square water tower on a framework structure, 18m
134°. high, about 5 miles W of Pamban Light, and conspicuous when
bearing less than 050°; and the beacon close E of Manauli Tivu,
Pamban Pass—Approaches Pumurichan, and Shingle Island.
Vessels approaching Kundugal Channel, which is the better
4.10

4.10 Mansfield Patch (9°10'N., 79°18'E.), with a least and more direct approach, should, after having passed the out-
depth of 5.8m, about 7 miles SE of Kundugal Point, is the N lying dangers, steer to pass about 0.4 mile E of Shingle Island,
and shallowest of a group of detached patches. Batt Patch, with taking care to avoid the shoals E. When the beacon about 0.3
a least depth of 4.9m, lies about 2.8 miles WNW of Mansfield mile NE of Kundugal Point bears 286°, steer for Kundugal
Patch; the sea breaks on Batt Patch in a fresh breeze. Gut, passing S of Kundugal Point. Continue W and bring Kuri-
Manauli Reef, with its E edge about 4 miles SW of Kundu-
4.10 sadi Beacon No. 1 and Kurisadi Beacon No. 2 in line, astern,
gal Point, consists of coral and dries in places. The E end of the bearing 130°; this range leads through Sand Bank Channel
reef is marked by beacons. Manauli Tivu (Manilla Tivu), with a passing close SW both of a buoy, moored 0.6 mile W of Kun-
conspicuous white beacon close E, lies about 2 miles from the dugal Point, and a buoy moored 0.5 mile further WNW. Keep
E end of the Reef. close to beacons marking the SW side of the latter channel, and
Pulli Shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m and over which the
4.10 SW of Elbow Buoy, a red conical buoy at the junction of Sand
sea breaks, lies about 3 miles E of Manauli Tivu. Puma Chan- Bank Channel and The Basin, a narrow unmarked channel
nel, leading to Pamban Pass, lies between Manauli Reef and marked by beacons leading NNE, with depths of 4.6 to 6.7m in
Pulli Shoal. the fairway. A NNE course through The Basin leads to the S
Pulli Reef, N of Pulli Shoal, has three islands on it. Pumuri-
4.10 entrance Pamban Pass.
chan, along the W edge, has a conspicuous beacon, 10m high, A buoy moored 0.5 mile SW of Elbow Buoy marks a shoal
4.10

on its SW side; Pumurichan Tivu, farther SE; and Kurisadi ground of less than 1m on the W side of the deeper water at the
Tivu (Kursadi Tivu). The extensive coral reef dries in places; intersection of Sand Bank Channel and The Basin.
its N edge is well defined at low water, but its S edge is indent- Puma Channel, the SW approach, only available to those
4.10

ed and the sea breaks on it. Beacons mark the S and NW sides with local knowledge, demands navigation by eye. Manauli

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 117

Reef, on the W side, is well-marked on its S and E sides by tained by vessels drawing not more than 4.3m, about 1.5 miles
breaking seas. off the W part of the island.
Mandapam South Beacon (9°17'N., 79°09'E.), in line bear-
4.10

ing 338° with a beacon on a low hill NNW, leads into Puma Sri Lanka—West Coast—Mannar Island to
Channel. When the beacon on the SW side of Pumurichan Kudremalai Point
bears 060°, vessels should steer NE through Puma East Chan-
nel; then steer along the N edge of Pulli Reef and into the chan- 4.13 Doric Beacon (8°47'N., 79°56'E.), a white masonry
nel N of Pulli Reef, marked by beacons; and finally steering tower about 7.5 miles N of the mouth of the Kal Aru, is con-
into Sand Bank Channel and following the directions given spicuous seaward in favorable light. About 1.5 miles N of the
above. tower is the S of several mouths of the Aruvi Aru. A white obe-
The vessels bound for the drydock at Mandapam, about 0.5
4.10 lisk lies on the N entrance point of the Kal Aru.
mile E of Mandapam South Beacon, should pass through Puma In the bight between the mouth of the Kal Aru and Adam’s
4.13

Channel as described and, leaving Cana Paru Reef about 0.3 Bridge, about 30 miles NW, are pearl banks extending up to 10
mile to port, continue on the 338° range line until 1.3 miles miles offshore and with depths of less than 11m.
from Mandapam South Beacon; local knowledge is necessary Numerous rocks nearly awash lie about 1 to 5 miles S of
4.13

from this point. Doric Beacon.

The drydock at Mandapam is 81m long and 15m wide, with
4.10 Silavatturai Reef lies about 4 miles SW of Doric Beacon. Ar-
4.13

the sill 2m below chart datum. ripu Reef extends from close NW of the above reef to about 4
miles farther NW. Both reefs have depths of less than 1.8m. A
Pamban Island beacon marks the N end of Arippu Reef. Vankalai Reef, about
5 miles NW of Arippu Reef, dries at its SE end; between the
4.11 Pamban Island (9°17'N., 79°18'E.) is low, sandy, and two reefs there is a 0.9m patch.
well-planted with coconut trees towards its W end, where a Shoal water, with depths of less than 11m, extends about 12
4.13

broad peninsula extends about 3 miles N. A light stands on the miles offshore between the mouth of the Kal Aru and Modere-
NE extremity of this peninsula. gam Point (8°36'N., 79°55'E.).
Lands End (9°10'N., 79°26'E.) is the SE extremity of Pam-
4.11 Cheval Bank, with a least depth of 4.6m, lies about 11 miles
4.13

ban Island; a small but conspicuous building lies near the point. W of the mouth of the Kal Aru. A submerged obstruction, dan-
Dhanushkodi, about 2 miles NW of Lands End, is a railroad
4.11 gerous to navigation, was reported (1958) on the bank.
terminal; the red-roofed railway buildings are conspicuous. A beacon, consisting of a white obelisk, 29m high, lies about
4.13

Chuttram, close SE of Dhanushkodi, lies within a clump of

4.11 0.5 mile S of Moderegam Point, and is visible up to 15 miles
palm trees about 24m high and is easily identified. seaward when the light is favorable.
Mukkundaraya Chattram, a bushy dune about 2.5 miles far-
4.11 Anchorage.—Small vessels can anchor, in about 6.1m, from
4.13

ther NW, is easily identified. 2 to 3 miles W of the above beacon. Vessels should approach
Adam’s Bridge is a narrow ridge of sand and rocks, mostly
4.11 this anchorage passing N of Cheval Bank.
dry, which connects Pamban Island with Mannar Island, about Caution.—It is not advisable to close the coast of Sri Lanka
4.13

16 miles ESE. It is composed mostly of shifting sand banks, when N of Karaitivu (8°28'N., 79°48'E.), because of the ex-
with intricate shallow channels between them. tensive shoal banks lying off the coast.
Shoal water extends up to 5 miles from the ridge, with
4.11 Great caution should be exercised if obliged to navigate in
4.13

depths under 11m. Farther seaward, depths increase sharply to depths of less than 5.5m for a distance of about 10 miles N of
over 183m about 12 miles SW of Adam’s Bridge. Moderegam Point due to several uncharted coral heads with
depths of less than 0.6m in the area.
Mannar Island
Sri Lanka—West Coast—Kudremalai Point to
4.12 Mannar Island (9°05'N., 79°50'E.) is separated from Negombo Point
Sri Lanka by a boat channel which is crossed by a conspicuous
railway bridge and a road bridge. The island is wooded and has 4.14 Kudremalai Point (8°32'N., 79°52'E.) is steep and
low sand hills on its SW side for a distance of about 5 miles rocky, with three long sand mounds S of it. A white masonry
from its SE end. At the W end, there are coconut and other tower, 68.5m high, known as Kudremalai Tower, lies on the
palms near the villages. highest of these mounds. A beacon, 38m high, consisting of a
A disused structure, consisting of a conspicuous black steel
4.12 black tripod with a diamond-shaped topmark, stands on the
framework tower, 28m high, lies on the W end of Mannar Is- point.
land. Karaitivu (Kara Tivu), long and narrow, lies with its N end
4.14

Tides—Currents.—During the Southwest Monsoon, a

4.12 about 5.5 miles W of Kudremalai Point; the island is breached
strong current sets N over Adam’s Bridge, but abates towards about 2 miles from its S end. The area between Karaitivu and
the W and towards the Indian coast. A confused sea is general- Cheval Bank has not been completely examined; further shoal-
ly encountered near Mannar Island. ing has been reported.
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in 5.5m, mud,
4.12 Portugal Bay, E of Karaitivu, is shallow and offers anchorage
4.14

with the railway bridge between Mannar Island and Sri Lanka to small vessels, in a depth of 5.5m, but local knowledge is
bearing 099°, about 5 miles. necessary.
During the Northeast Monsoon, good anchorage can be ob-
4.12 Anchorage.—Vessels with a draft not exceeding 4.3m can
4.14

Pub. 173
118 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

obtain good anchorage, in a charted depth of about 6.1m, about Mutwal Point. The coast, for about 5 miles N of the river en-
2 miles W of Kudremalai Tower. trance, is sandy and thickly fringed with coconut trees.
Dutch Bay, entered S of Karaitivu, is shallow.
4.14 A beacon, 8m high and painted white, lies about 2.3 miles N
4.16

Bar Reef, which dries, lies about 3 miles W of the entrance

4.14 of the entrance to the Kelani Ganga.
to Dutch Bay.
Colombo (6°57'N., 79°51'E.)
4.15 The coast between Dutch Bay and Chilaw Point,
about 45 miles S, is formed by the seaward side of a narrow World Port Index No. 49240
peninsula.
A white tower, known as Aruakalu Tower, lies on the summit
4.15 4.17 Colombo, the principal port of Sri Lanka, lies be-
of a 79m hill about 4.5 miles NE of Kalpitya (8°14'N., tween Galbokka Point (6°56'N., 79°50'E.) and Mutwal Point,
79°46'E.). about 2 miles NNE. Galbokka Point is a black rocky knoll con-
A shallow flat of rock and sand extends about 7 miles SW
4.15 nected by a short sandy isthmus to the land at the S end of Co-
from the coast abreast Mampuri (7°59'N., 79°45'E.). A 3.7m lombo Harbor.
shoal lies on this flat about 4.3 miles WSW of Mampuri and The harbor is artificially formed by three breakwaters, as fol-
4.17

about 3.5 miles offshore; this shoal is particularly dangerous as lows:

depths over 183m are about 1.5 miles W of it. 1. Southwest Breakwater (Queen Elizabeth Quay)—ex-
Vessels passing the peninsula should keep 7 miles offshore
4.15 tending NNE from the shore at the S end of the harbor.
and in depths over 37m to avoid the above-mentioned shoal. 2. Northwest Breakwater—a detached breakwater.
A reef, above and below-water, lies about 3.5 miles N of
4.15 3. Northeast Breakwater—extending W from Mutwal
Chilaw Point and about 0.5 mile offshore. Point.
Chilaw Point (7°36'N., 79°48'E.) can be identified by a sand
4.15 A foul area is located on the inner side of the Northwest Break-
4.17

hill and a round hummock nearby. A red can buoy is moored water. The S end of the harbor is connected with Beira Lake by a
about 3.5 miles WSW of the point. canal with locks; the canal is dredged to a depth of 3m.
Anchorage.—Anchorage for small vessels can be obtained,
4.15

in 11m, about 1.8 miles NW of Chilaw Point. Vessels making Sri Lanka Ports Authority Home Page
this anchorage from the S should keep 4 or 5 miles offshore
and close to the land near the point. http://www.slpa.lk
The coast from Chilaw Point to Negombo Point, about 24
4.15

miles S, is almost featureless except for a break in its fringe of Winds—Weather.—The Southwest Monsoon brings heavy
4.17

coconut trees, about 4 miles N of Negombo Point, marking the rain and winds which occasionally reach gale force. During
entrance to Maha Oya. this time a moderate swell runs in the harbor, making cargo
handling difficult.
Sri Lanka—West Coast—Negombo Point to Co- Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Colombo is 0.7m at
4.17

lombo MHWS, and 0.5m at MHWN.

The current off Colombo is variable; its velocity seldom ex-
4.17

4.16 Negombo Point (7°12'N., 79°48'E.) has been report- ceeds 0.5 knot. Near shoal water the current sets N at a velocity
ed to give good radar returns at 22 miles. The twin towers of a of 1.5 knots during the Northeast Monsoon, resulting in an E
church in Negombo, E of the point, are conspicuous. A church set off the W entrance; this has also been reported during the
with a red roof and low twin towers, together with a school Southwest Monsoon.
house about 183m NNW, is conspicuous about 5.5 miles S of Depths—Limitations.—The W entrance, between South-
4.17

the point. west Breakwater and Northwest Breakwater, has a maintained

A narrow reef, with a least charted depth of 2.7m, lies with
4.16
depth of 18m; the approach, marked by lighted buoys and a di-
its S end about 2 miles NNW of Negombo Point; a dangerous rectional light, is maintained to 20m. There is a disturbed swell
wreck lies at the SE of the reef. across this entrance during the Southwest Monsoon.
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in the Negombo
4.16
The N entrance, between Northwest Breakwater and North-
4.17

Waiting Area, W of the point, as seen on the chart. east Breakwater, has a dredged depth of 13m in its approaches.
Caution.—A 14.2m shoal extends over 3 miles N from a po-
4.16
A depth of 8.6m lies close outside this entrance, about 0.1 mile
sition about 8.5 miles WSW of Negombo Point. N of the head of Northeast Breakwater.
Mutwal Point (6°58'N., 79°51'E.), at the N end of Colombo
4.16
Vessels should navigate with caution in the approaches as
4.17

Harbor, lies about 14.5 miles S of Negombo Point. A trawler buoys marking the approach to the inner harbor basin may have
harbor, with a fishing harbor close E, lies NE of the point; a been moved, withdrawn, or replaced due to the opening of the
breakwater shelters each harbor from W. new port facility W of the inner harbor basin. Vessels should
Kalapu Gala, a narrow rocky reef, extends about 4 miles N
4.16
contact the Port Authority for current information.
from about 0.3 mile ENE of Mutwal Point; the reef lies parallel Dredging is carried out periodically to maintain the dredged
4.17

to the coast and about 0.5 mile offshore, with several rocky depths.
heads with depths of less than 1.8m. The sea breaks over the A scend of up to 1m can be experienced in the harbor.
4.17

reef during the Southwest Monsoon, and even in calm weather Vessels may enter and leave the harbor by whichever en-
4.17

rollers occur. trance is more convenient, subject to the depth limitation for
The entrance to the Kelani Ganga lies about 0.8 mile NE of
4.16
the N entrance.

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 119

Vessels are not permitted to navigate the harbor, or to lie at

4.17 ing the terminals are required to keep clear.
moorings with less than 0.6m under their bottoms, except by South Harbor, a new port facility enclosed by a breakwater
4.17

special permission of the port authorities. on the W extending from Galbokka Point (6°56.2'N.,
Colombo Marine Terminal (6°58.7'N., 79°46.5'E.), a tanker
4.17 79°50.4'E.) and on the N from a breakwater extending from
SPM buoy, is situated 4.5 miles NW of Colombo Light. Vessels near the head of the South Asia Gateway Terminal, has been
with a maximum draft of 19m can be accommodated. A sub- established W of the South Asia Gateway Terminal. A new
marine pipeline is laid in an ESE direction from the buoy to the channel, marked by a directional light and lighted buoys, with
root of the Northeast Breakwater. All shipping, other than tank- a dredged to a depth of 20m, leads SE to the new harbor basin.
ers using the SPM buoy, are advised to keep clear of the area The new harbor basin has been dredged to a depth of 18m. It
covering a radius of 1.2 miles centered on the SPM. Passage has been reported (2013) the new facilities are now open.
through this area is prohibited. South Harbor will consist of four 1,200m long terminals, each
Kerawalapitiya Terminal (7°00.9'N., 79°49.8'E.) is an off-
4.17 having three berths with 18m depths alongside. Future plans
shore LNG terminal consisting of a CBM and four mooring include increasing the alongside depths to 23m and for an East
buoys. Vessels up to 20,000m3 and 10,000 dwt, with a maxi- Containers Terminal to be developed (2014). Vessels should
mum draft of 7m, and a lengths of 90 to 165m, can be accom- contact the Port Authority for current information.
modated. The terminal is surrounded by a restricted area with a The Colombo International Container Terminal is operation-
4.17

radius of 1,000m. Another SBM for oil tankers is located about al; contact the port authority for further information.
1.5 miles NW of the LNG terminal and is surrounded by a re- Berth information is given in the accompanying table titled
4.17

stricted area with a radius of about 0.4 mile. All vessels not us- Colombo—Berth Information.

Colombo—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Bandaranaike Quay
No. 1 205m 10.0m 160m 7.2m 22.9m 13,432 dwt Breakbulk. Continuous berthing
No. 2 205m 10.0m 160m 9.4m 32.3m — length of 410m.
No. 2A 130m 10.9m 128m 8.6m 17.0m — Breakbulk.
No. 3 212m 9.4m 276m 9.1m 40.0m — Breakbulk. Continuous berthing
No. 4 212m 9.4m 180m 9.1m 42.8m — length of 424m.
Coastal Berths
CB1 100m 8.0m 98m 6.1m — — Breakbulk.
CB2 85m 6.0m 86m 4.8m — — Breakbulk.
Colombo International Container Terminal (CICT)
1 — 18.0m 400m 16.0m 61.5m 241,960 dwt
2 — 18.0m 400m 16.0m 61.5m 241,960 dwt Containers and reefers. Continu-
3 — 18.0m 400m 16.0m 59.0m 19,500 teu ous berthing length of 1,200m.
4 — 18.0m 400m 16.0m 59.0m 19,500 teu
East Container Terminal
Stage 1 450m 18.0m 366m — 51.2m 18,000 teu Containers.
Feeder Berth
Feeder Berth 193m 10.0m 155m — 34.2m 10,000 dwt —
Jaya Container Terminal (JTC)
1 300m 12.0m 290m 11.3m 34.8m 65,000dwt Containers. Continuous berthing
2 332m 13.0m 295m 12.3m 48.4m 65,000 dwt length of 632m.
3 330m 15.0m 366m 14.25m 51.2m — Containers. Continuous berthing
4 330m 15.0m 366m 14.25m 51.2m — length of 660m.
North Feeder
172m — 130m 6.8m — — —
Berth (NFB)

Pub. 173
120 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Colombo—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
South Feeder
180m 9.0m 170m — 28.1m — Containers.
Berth (SFB)
Passenger Terminal
Passenger Cruise vessels. Berthing length
180m — 265m 10.0m 32.3m —
Berth (PJ) of 243m (including dolphins).
South Asia Gateway Terminal (SAGT)
No. 1 313m 15.0m 300m 14.25m 48.2m —
Containers. Continuous berthing
No. 2 313m 15.0m 300m 14.25m 48.4m —
length of 940m.
No. 3 313m 15.0m 300m 14.25m 48.2m —
Guide Pier
GP01 165m 9.0m 170m 7.9m 28.1m 12,000 dwt Clean products and breakbulk.
Chemicals, clean products, LPG,
GP02 190m 9.15m 170m 9.15m 32.3m 18,000 dwt
and PCC.
Note.—CP01 and CP02 have a continuous berth length 360m.
Prince Vijaya Quay (PVQ)
Chemicals, clean products, and
PVQ 1 185m 9.7m 140m 9.15m 34.8m — cement. Berthing length of 370m
(including dolphins).
Clean products, LPG, cement,
PVQ 2 185m 9.7m 170m 9.45m 26.0m — and breakbulk. Berthing length
of 370m (including dolphins).
South Pier
Chemicals, clean products, ce-
South Pier 270m — 160m 9.15m 30.6m —
ment, and breakbulk.
Unity Container Terminal (UCT)
Chemicals, clean products, ce-
New North Pier 200m 11.0m 200m 10.3m 32.3m —
ment, and breakbulk.
East Berth 170m 9.0m 294m 37.5m — LPG, ro-ro, freight, containers,
9.0-
and breakbulk. Continuous
West Berth 170m 9.0m 272m 11.0m 35.5m — berthing length of 370m.
Colombo Marine Terminal
Dolphin Tanker 40,000 dwt/
90m 12.5m 230m 11.8m 32.2m Clean products and bunkers.
Berth (DTB) 50,000t
180,000 dwt./
SPM No. 1 — 33.0m 298m 18.9m 43m Crude and bunkers.
225,000t.
SPM No. 2 — — 190m 11.8m 32.2m — Crude and bunkers.
Kerawalapitiya Terminal
10,000 dwt/
Shell LPG — 14.0m 165m 7.0m 25.6m 27,908t/ LPG and bunkers.
20,000m3

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 121

Colombo—Drydock Information
Depth over
Drydock Breadth * Length Capacity
sill **
Drydock No. 1 26.0m 9.7m 213m 30,000 dwt
Drydock No. 2 16.5m 6.7m 107m 9,000 dwt
Drydock No. 3 16.0m 5.5m 122m 8,000 dwt
Drydock No. 4 44.0m 8.9m 263m 100,000 dwt
** At MHWS
* At the entrance

Aspect.—The land in the vicinity of Colombo is low and

4.17 S, a narrow ridge of rocks, awash in some places and with the
will not be seen from any great distance, but in exceptionally appearance of a barrier reef, lies about 183m offshore. Along
clear weather, Adam’s Peak and the other mountains of Sri this stretch, the railway stations at Kollupitiya, Bambalapitiya,
Lanka may be visible from a great distance. Wellawatt, and Dehiwala, with their stone-covered louvered
Approaching from the W, the buildings in that part of the
4.17 exteriors, show up prominently at the edge of the beach in the
town, at the S end of the harbor, and known as The Fort, will afternoon light.
first be seen at a distance of about 12 miles. Hotel Taprobane, Mount Lavinia (6°50'N., 79°52'E.) can be identified by a
4.17

with three small round turrets; the Clock Tower, which is con- hotel which is radar conspicuous, a large white building, 29m
spicuous; and the offices of the Bank of Ceylon, are among the high, lying on a rocky point on the shore. The land rises behind
several prominent buildings in The Fort. the hotel, forming a dark background, rendering it the most
Colombo Light (6°56'N., 79°50'E.), on the W side of The
4.17 conspicuous object on this part of the coast, and visible in fa-
Fort, about 91m within Galbokka Point, is a circular stone tow- vorable light, 12 miles offshore.
er, 15m high, painted in black and white checkers. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all merchant vessels
4.17

Good radar returns have been reported from Colombo Light

4.17 except those exempted by the port authorities. Pilots are avail-
and Colombo breakwaters at 20 and 18 miles, respectively. A able 24 hours, although it is unusual for a pilot to board be-
conspicuous white monument on four yellow curved legs lies tween 0000 and 0400. Port Control will advise which boarding
at an elevation of 82m about 0.3 NNW of Galbokka Point. ground to approach.
On nearer approach to the harbor, the following landmarks
4.17 Pilots contact information, see the table titled Colombo—
4.17

may be identified: Contact Information

1. Silos, 64m high and marked by red obstruction lights, The pilot station is located on the spur of Southwest Break-
4.17

at the NE corner of the harbor. water.

2. A tall red brick chimney, close W of the drydock, in A vessel wishing to take a pilot should make one of the sig-
4.17

the NE part of the harbor. nals prescribed by the International Code of Signals and indi-
3. St. James Church, with twin towers, and St. Lucia’s cate the name and draft as soon as the vessel arrives within
Cathedral, with a dome, about 1.5 miles NE of Galbokka visual signaling distance of the port.
Point. Pilots board, as follows:
4.17

4. All Saints’ Church, with a tall spire, about 1.3 miles E 1. Boarding Ground A (6°59.0'N., 79°48.5'E.).
of Galbokka Point. 2. Boarding Ground B (7°00.5'N., 79°47.5'E.).
Galle Face Hotel, a large red building, is conspicuous on the
4.17 Vessels are cautioned, unless boarded by a pilot or previous-
4.17

coast, about 1 mile S of the latter point. The Town Hall, with a ly ordered to do so, not to approach the port within the 1 mile
white dome, is also conspicuous about 1 mile farther E. limit. Vessels should also stay clear of the reclamation and re-
South of Galbokka Point to Mount Lavinia, about 6.5 miles
4.17 stricted areas.

Colombo—Port Signals
Day Night Meaning
Hoisted at the pilot station flagstaff when vessels are
Red ball Fixed red light. required to run out extra mooring lines to the buoys
and to prepare a second anchor for letting go.
Hoisted at the pilot station flagstaff when weather
Flags UM Four red lights vertically disposed. conditions are such as to prevent the pilot boarding
vessels outside the harbor.
Vessel is on fire. Attention can be called to this signal
Three red lights vertically disposed, 2m apart,
Flags IT by a continuous sounding with any fog signaling
hoisted where best seen.
apparatus.

Pub. 173
122 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Colombo—Port Signals
Day Night Meaning
Flag G Two red lights vertically disposed. A pilot is required.
Flags POL White, red, and white lights vertically disposed. The police are required.
Flag W Red, white and red lights vertically disposed. The port surgeon is required.

The following provisions should be made to assist the pilot

4.17 b.
Sound short blasts on the siren or whistle.
in boarding: 2.
At night:
1. A pilot ladder on the lee side. A boat rope is not re- a. Flash the letter O in Morse Code in the direction of
quired. the pilot station.
2. Two man ropes of at least 3 inch line, with the lower b. Sound short blasts on the siren or whistle.
ends free, are to be hung from the vessel’s rail. The above signals will be observed by either the pilot station,
4.17

3. By night, a bright light to be shown midway between the harbor police, or the port fire brigade; a motorboat will then
the rail and the water to indicate the position of the ladder be dispatched to the scene.
and the manropes. When a large red flag is displayed on a floating crane en-
4.17

4. In vessels of high freeboard fitted with gangway gaged on new construction work, all vessels passing or in the
doors, the lee door should be opened and the ladder hung vicinity are to proceed at such a speed that they cause no wash
from there. In the event of weather conditions being such as or any kind, or disturbance affecting the crane.
to prevent the vessel being boarded by a pilot outside the The appropriate quarantine signal is to be displayed by all
4.17

harbor, the appropriate signals will be displayed at the pilot vessels arriving in the harbor and no person except the pilot is
station. The vessel may, at the discretion of the port authori- to be allowed to board or leave the vessel until pratique is giv-
ties, be given the option of proceeding into harbor and pick- en. Vessels having, or having had within 10 days prior to arriv-
ing up the pilot inside, the vessel being instructed by signal al, any infectious disease are placed in quarantine for a period
whether to run in or stand off. decided by the port health officials. In such a case, the vessel
The option to enter is not given at night under normal cir-
4.17 may have to anchor in the roadstead or other place as directed
cumstances. by the port authorities.
Vessels waiting to enter should remain under way as conve-
4.17 Vessels in quarantine must display the necessary signals.
4.17

nient, well clear of both entrances. Vessels discharging dangerous petroleum are surrounded, at
4.17

In normal circumstances the pilot will leave an outbound

4.17 a distance of not less than 30m, by a rope boom floated on red
vessel as it passes the pilot station. wooden buoys and displaying the following signals; by day, a
If at any time assistance is required from the port authorities,
4.17 red flag over a green flag; by night, four lights vertically dis-
the signal should be made for a pilot. posed, red and green alternately.
Regulations.—Vessels in Colombo Harbor, after they have
4.17 Contact Information.—See the table titled Colombo—
4.17

been moored to the satisfaction of the port authorities, are re- Contact Information.
sponsible for tending their own lines. Directions.—When making Colombo from the W, it is bet-
4.17

Vessels should send their ETA via their agent 5 days, 72

4.17 ter for a vessel to be S than N of the port, as there are no con-
hours, and 48 hours prior to arrival. spicuous landmarks N.
Vessels should contact Colombo Port Control on VHF chan-
4.17 The approach channel leads SE from a position close W of
4.17

nel 10 or 16 when within range to obtain berthing and anchor- Lighted Buoy No. 2 through a dredged channel clear of the re-
ing instructions. stricted areas as seen on the chart.
A vessel intending to leave the harbor should contact Colom-
4.17

bo Port Control at least 1 hour prior to departure on VHF chan- Colombo—Contact Information
nel 10 or 16, stating its ETD; confirmation of the departure
time should be sent 30 minutes prior to departure. Port Control
Vessels must maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF
4.17
Call sign Colombo Port Control
channel 16.
VHF VHF channels 10 and 16
Signals.—The signals in use in Colombo Harbor are shown
4.17

in the accompanying table titled Colombo—Port Signals; the 94-11-243-5896

flags are from the International Code of Signals. Telephone 94-11-248-2216
The port signal station and pilot station are sited together.
4.17

The signal station maintains a day watch, but the pilot station 94-11-248-2218
maintains a 24-hour watch. Facsimile 94-11-243-5896
Any vessel observing that a person has fallen overboard from
4.17

any ship, boat, lighter, or other craft should make the following E-mail cmbportcontrol@slpa.lk
signals: Port Authority
1. By day:
a. Hoist International Code Flag O, and haul it up and Telephone 94-11-242-1201
down to attract attention.

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 123

Colombo—Contact Information sists of two rocky heads over which the sea breaks during the
Southwest Monsoon. A red conical buoy is moored about 0.2
Facsimile 94-11-244-0651 mile W of the W rocky head.
E-mail info@slpa.lk Firing practice areas are centered 24 miles SW and 34 miles
4.17

WNW of Colombo Harbor.

Web site http://www.slpa.lk A restricted area, best seen on the chart, is established and
4.17

Harbormaster passage through this area is prohibited around the outfall pipe-
line extending 1 mile NW from the N end of the port area,
Telephone 94-11-238-5401
marked by a lighted buoy moored about 0.8 mile NNW of the
Facsimile 94-11-232-7160 N entrance.
Depths of up to 6m less than charted have been reported
Colombo International Container Terminal (CICT)
4.17

(2007) in the inner harbor in the charted area dredged to 15m.

Telephone 94-11-766-8668
Facsimile 94-11-766-8669 Sri Lanka—West Coast—Colombo to Beruwala
Point
E-mail info@cict.lk
Web site http://www.cict.lk 4.18 The coast between Mount Lavinia (6°50'N.,
79°52'E.), described with Colombo Harbor in paragraph 4.17,
Jaya Container Terminal (JCT) and Beruwala Point, about 23 miles S, is formed by a straight
Call sign JCT Control sandy beach with dense groves of coconut palms, rising to a
uniform height of 26m behind it. The hinterland is densely
VHF VHF channels 68 and 69 wooded and there are numerous towns and villages.
94-11-248-2562 The coastal railroad runs along the coast; the railroad sta-
tions and the steel bridges which span the entrances of rivers,
Telephone 94-11-244-0403 lagoons, and lakes are usually visible from seaward. From a
94-11-243-2031 distance of about 4 miles offshore there are no conspicuous
landmarks along this stretch of coast.
Facsimile 94-11-243-5755
A narrow bank, with depths of less than 1.8m, runs parallel
4.18

E-mail jctinfo@slpa.lk to the coast and about 0.5 mile off it, for a distance of a 2 miles
Pilots S of Mount Lavinia.
Moratuwa, a fair-sized town, lies about 3.5 miles SSE of
4.18

VHF VHF channels 8, 14, and 16 Mount Lavinia; Immanuel Church, with a red square tower and
94-11-232-3655 a large gray water tower, 0.5 mile SE of it, are conspicuous.
Panadura, a small town about 4 miles SSE of Moratuwa, has
4.18

94-11-243-5896 a lone round-topped banyan tree about 1 mile S of it.

Telephone
94-11-248-2216 Gona Gala (6°42'N., 79°53'E.), 4.5m high and round-
4.18

topped, is the outer of two rocks lying about 1 mile WSW of

94-11-248-2218 Panadura Station. Nilkete Rock, with a depth of 3.6m, and Po
Facsimile 94-11-243-5896 Gala, with a depth of 5m, lie about 1.3 and 1.5 miles, respec-
tively, S of Gona Gala.
E-mail pilotstation@slpa.lk
Kaluwatte Gala (6°39'N., 79°53'E.), with a depth of 9.1m
4.18

and steep-to, lies about 2.5 miles offshore. Uan Gala, with a
Caution.—Ona Gala, a narrow ridge, with its S end about
4.17
depth of 5.5m, also steep-to, lies about 0.6 mile farther SE.
3.3 miles N of Galbokka Point, has a least depth of 6.4m at
Galawala, near its N end. Vessels approaching Colombo from 4.19 Kalutara (6°35'N., 79°58'E.), an important town,
the N are advised to keep to seaward of Ona Gala (7°00'N., straddles the Kalu Ganga near its mouth. A temple, with a con-
79°50'E.). During the Southwest Monsoon, vessels are cau- spicuous white dome, lies on the S bank of the Kalu Ganga, in
tioned against being set to the NE onto Ona Gala. Kalutara. The white dome of the temple is floodlit; a fixed
Wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 7 and 9 miles W of Ona
4.17
green light is shown at its top.
Gala. Another wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 0.5 mile W of Bombuwela Hill, about 3.5 miles E of Kalutara, is a small
4.19

the breakwater, in 15m. Mariners are advised to use caution as range about 2 miles long, and the N of low hills behind the
there are several wrecks throughout the approaches to Colom- coast between Kalutara and Beruwala Point. Near its S end is a
bo. conspicuous flat-topped hill, 159m high.
Kelani Gala, a narrow bank with a least depth of 16.5m, lies
4.17
Weragela Kanda (Weragoda Kanda), about 4 miles SSE of
4.19

with its S end about 1.8 miles WNW of Galbokka Point. Kalutara, is conical, 107m high, and conspicuous. This hill is
Pala Gala, also known as Tartar Rock, is a pinnacle rock with
4.17
isolated and wooded except at its summit, where there is a
a depth of 5.8m, nearly 0.5 mile NW of Galbokka Point. It is white shrine.
steep-to and never breaks. Uheliya Reef, with depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, lies about 2.5
4.19

Galua, also known as Drunken Sailor Rock, has a least depth

4.17
miles W of Kalutara, at the outer end of an area of shoals and
of 1.2m, about 0.4 mile SW of Galbokka Point. The shoal con- uneven ground.

Pub. 173
124 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Pittaniya Rock, with a depth of 5.5m, lies 1.3 miles WSW of

4.19 rest house lying among some trees on the coast, about 0.5 mile
the temple at Kalutara. Pallaipara Rock, with a depth of 2.7m, N, is fairly conspicuous.
and Modara Muduwa Rock, lie about 0.5 mile and 1 mile, re- Handran Gala, a black bare rock, 2.4m high, lies about 0.5
4.21

spectively, S of Pittaniya Rock. mile WNW of the point. Deba Gala, a boulder with depths of
Anchorage.—Small vessels may anchor off Kalutara, in a
4.19 2.7m, lies about 0.5 mile WSW of Godagala Point, with other
depth of about 10m; local knowledge is necessary. This an- dangers S and SE of it.
chorage should be approached by passing between Uheliya Galboda Kanda, about 2 miles SSE of Godagala Point, is a
4.21

Reef and Pittaniya Rock. flat-topped hill, 47m high, with a temple and white monument
Maggona Point, about 5 miles S of Kalutara, is a small rocky
4.19 on its summit. It is conspicuous from seaward and visible 10
headland, about 9m high. Tria Gala, 1.5m high and steep-to, miles in clear weather.
lies about 1 mile NW of Maggona Point. A 6.4m shoal lies Kaikawalagala Point is a low rocky headland, about 2.5
4.21

about 1.8 miles NW of Tria Gala, at the outer end of foul miles SSE of Godagala Point. Dodampara Rocks, two small
ground; a rock, which always breaks, lies about 0.4 mile S of rocks, 0.9m high, are part of a group of rocks and reefs lying
Tria Gala. within 0.8 mile of Kaikawalagala Point.
Babungala Point, about 0.5 mile farther S, is a reddish point,
4.21

4.20 Beruwala Point (6°28'N., 79°58'E.), with a rocky about 8m high. A ridge, with depths of 6.4 to 9.1m, extends
promontory at its N end, forms the W side of a small bay. Ya- from about 1 mile W of the point, S for about 2 miles, parallel
kada Gala, 2.4m high, about 0.5 mile W of the point, is the out- to the coast, about 1.5 miles offshore.
ermost rocky islet off Beruwala Point. Arangala Point, about 0.8 mile SSE of Babungala Point, is
4.21

Prompt Rock, with a depth of 8.2m, and Madda Gala, with a

4.20 about 12m high and rocky. A small hill, 33m high, about 0.5
depth of 5.9m, lie about 3 miles and 2.7 miles, respectively, mile E of the point, is surmounted by a temple and monument;
WNW of Beruwala Point; both dangers are steep-to and sound- it is obscured by trees from some directions.
ings give no warning of approach to them. The above dangers Duwemodera Hill, 53m high, about 1 mile E of Arangala
4.21

are the outermost of numerous dangers lying W and NW of Be- Point, is isolated and fairly conspicuous, with a ridge extending
ruwala Point. E. Pelagas Kanda, about 1.8 miles farther E, is 71m high and
Welmaduwa Island, about 0.7 mile SSW of Beruwala Point,
4.20 flat-topped with a single tree on its summit.
is covered with tall coconut palms, and its highest part is a Ahungalla Point (6°19'N., 80°02'E.) is 43m high, cliffy, and
4.21

rocky cliff, 14m high, on its seaward side. Vessels navigating covered with coconut palms. Kola Islet, with a few palm trees
along the coast should give the island a berth of 4 miles. on it, lies close S of the point. A small rock, awash and steep-
Barberyn Light is shown from a white tower on the summit
4.20 to, lies 1.5 miles NW of the point. A ridge, with a least depth of
of Welmaduwa Island. 6.4m, lies about 1 mile offshore, and extends about 1 mile S of
Good radar returns have been reported from Barberyn Light
4.20 the rock. A wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 8 miles W of
and Beruwala Point at 15 and 17 miles, respectively. Ahungalla Point.
Anchorage.—It is not advisable to anchor off Beruwala
4.20 Balapitiya Point, about 2.8 miles S of Ahungalla Point, is a
4.21

Point in depths less than 11m because of the off-lying dangers low, flat, double point, covered with coconut trees; a large
and the swell that is usually experienced. boulder, 10.7m high, lies on the coast, nearly 1 mile N of the
point. Foul ground extends W and N of the point. Depths of 5.9
Sri Lanka—West Coast—Beruwala Point to Gal- to 8.2m lie about 1 mile offshore for a distance of about 1.5
le Harbor miles S of the point.

4.21 Between the entrance of Bentota Ganga (6°26'N., 4.22 Akurala Point (6°12'N., 80°03'E.) has been reported
80°01'E.), a small river and Galle Harbor, about 29 miles SSE, to give good radar returns at 14 miles. About 0.5 mile N of the
vessels should remain in depths over 37m, or about 6 miles point, the coastal belt of coconut trees is broken by a wide gap,
from the coast, although at this distance there are few land- clearly visible from seaward; Galgoda, a 37m hill with a single
marks from which to fix position. The most prominent land- tree on its summit, can be seen through the gap.
marks lying near the coast are the monument on Galboda 4.22Passi Rock, about 1 mile W of Akurala Point, is dark-colored
Kanda (6°24'N., 80°01'E.) in the afternoon and Waal Islet and consists of five heads; the sea always breaks over one of
(6°08'N., 80°06'E.). However, it was reported that the coast be- the heads, which is about 0.6m high. The rock should be given
tween Beruwala Point and Balapitiya Point, 13 miles SSE, a wide berth, as the bottom is irregular for about 0.4 mile W of
gives good radar image up to 35 miles. it.
If visible, Hiniduma Kanda (6°20'N., 80°18'E.) is conspic-
4.21 4.22Foul ground extends up to 1 mile offshore between Akurala
uous, and Hindelunattu (6°07'N., 80°24'E.), about 12.5 miles Point and Telwatta Point, about 3 miles SSE. Foul ground ex-
ENE of Point de Galle, though its summit is poorly defined, tends 0.8 mile offshore between Akurala Point and Patingala
forms a valuable mark when E of Waal Islet. Point, 2 miles NNW. The latter point consists of several large
Yakinigeduwa (5°58'N., 80°23'E.), an islet which when
4.21 rocks, and has the ruins of a temple on it. Debaha Rock, 1.2m
seen from the W appears as a tuft rising over the extreme point high, lies about 0.4 mile W of Telwatta Point.
of low land E of Galle, also forms a valuable mark and is de- 4.22Hikkaduwa Point (6°08'N., 80°06'E.) is low, flat, and cov-
scribed in paragraph 4.25. ered with coconut trees, among which a rest house is almost
Godagala Point (6°25'N., 80°00'E.) is a dark-colored rocky
4.21 hidden. Waal Islet, 9m high, is a large group of flat-topped
headland, about 9.1m high, which is not very conspicuous; a rocks lying on the outer edge of the foul ground extending

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 125

about 0.4 mile W from the point. The islet is fairly conspicuous A new yacht harbor has been completed (2011) to replace
4.24

from seaward. the previous yacht facilities which had been damaged by a tsu-
Hikkaduwa Gala is a rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, on
4.22 nami.
a shoal about 1.3 miles S of Hikkaduwa Point Winds—Weather.—Winds from the W and NW predomi-
4.24

Dodanduwa, about 2.3 miles SE of Hikkaduwa Point, is a

4.22 nate from April to November; winds from the E and NE pre-
low point terminating in two islets; Manda Gala, 2m high, the dominate from December to March.
outer islet, continues seaward to form a rocky point and has a During the months of May and June, very disturbed condi-
4.24

clump of coconut trees near its shoreward end which serves to tions, sometimes lasting for 3 days, may be experienced in the
identify it. harbor, accompanied by swells up to 4.3m high.
The coast between Dodanduwa and Point de Galle, about 7.5
4.22 The climate in Galle is hot and humid in March and April
4.24

miles SE, is formed of a brown sandy beach with rocky projec- before the Southwest Monsoon breaks.
tions at intervals, and backed by low hills rising to elevations of Tides—Currents.—Tides the tidal rise at Galle is 0.6m at
4.24

45 to 70m about 0.5 mile inland. The coastline is thickly plant- MHWS, and 0.4m at MHWN.
ed with coconut trees and the hillsides are densely wooded. During the Southwest Monsoon, the current sets E along the
4.24

Within or on the edge of foul ground fronting this coast are coast, and during the Northeast Monsoon in the opposite direc-
several rocks above-water, but none are particularly conspicu- tion.
ous. Depths—Limitations.—Eastern Channel is entered be-
4.24

Goda Gala, a rocky patch with a depth of 8.2m, lies about 1.5
4.22 tween Unawatuna Point (6°00'N., 80°15'E.) and Alut Ground,
miles SW of Dodanduwa Point. with a least charted depth of 11.7m about 0.3 mile SW of Wa-
Caution.—An 18.3m patch was reported (1944) to lie about
4.22 tering Point.
13.5 miles W of Dodanduwa Point. Central Channel has depths of 12.8 to 16.5m in its outer part,
4.24

and a depth of 11m in its narrowest part, about 0.4 mile E of

4.23 Bataina Gala (6°02'N., 80°10'E.), about 3 miles NW Point de Galle. The S part of this channel had been swept to a
of Point Galle, is a rocky bluff, 14m high, at the S entrance of depth of 9.1m; the swept depth decreases N of Gibbet Island to
the Gin Ganga. Pedruana Gala, two rocks close together, lie 6.1m. In 1980, pending further dredging, a channel draft lim-
about 0.4 mile S of Bataina Gala; the inner rock is 1.8m high. itation of 5.5m was in force. Further caution is necessary as it
Mada Gala (6°02'N., 80°09'E.), about 2 miles SW of
4.23 has been reported (2005) that there are least depths of 12.2 to
Bataina Gala, has depths of less than 1.8m, is steep-to, and lies 14.5m in the outer part of the channel and least depths of 2.6 to
near the W end of a bank with depths of less than 18.3m. 9.6m in the inner part of the channel.
Alu Gala, about 1.3 miles W of Point de Galle, is 0.9 high
4.23 Western Channel has been reported (2005) to have least
4.24

and steep-to. Ala Gala, about 1.5 miles farther W, is a rock depths of 2.6 to 8.1m.
with a depth of less than 1.8m, marked by breakers during both The charted 9.8m and 8.9m maintained areas N and W of
4.24

monsoons, and should be given a berth of at least 0.3 mile. A Gibbet Island no longer exist. Depths of 3.7 to 8.6m may exist
dangerous wreck lies on the E side of Ala Gala. in these formerly maintained areas.
A government hospital, a long two-story building, painted
4.23 The piers on the NE side of Galle each have a depth of 1.8m
4.24

light buff, with pillared verandas, is conspicuous on the coast for about 30m from the outer end. An artificial harbor enclosed
about 1.3 miles NW of Point de Galle. The Public Works De- by two breakwaters is situated N of Gibbet Island (6°02'N.,
partment bungalow, painted white, lies about 0.7 mile farther 80°14'E.); in 1984 it was dredged to a depth of 8.8m. Closenburg
WNW on the top of Nindan Godella, a rocky projection, 5.5m Pier, which fronts the N side of Gibbet Island, is 427m long and
high. A road bridge crosses the entrance of a lake about mid- can accommodate vessels with a draft of 7.9m. The N section of
way between the two buildings. this harbor is a fishing port providing a pier where vessels with
drafts to 3m can berth. A rocky spit, with depths from 2.5m to
Galle Harbor (6°01'N., 80°13'E.) 5m, extends 183m SW from the root of the breakwater which ex-
tends WNW from Gibbet Island; about 0.2 mile W of the head of
World Port Index No. 49250 this breakwater there are depths of 6.2m.
Galu Gala, a bank with a least depth of 33m and frequented
4.24

4.24 Galle Harbor is entered between Point de Galle and by fishermen, lies about 3 miles SW of Point de Galle in the
Watering Point, about 1 mile ESE. Point de Galle is the S ex- approach to Galle Harbor.
tremity of a peninsula projecting about 0.5 mile S from the ad- Kadda Rocks, three shoal patches, lie along the W side of the
4.24

joining coast, and forming the W side of the harbor. The town central channel, between 0.6 and 0.8 mile SSE of Point de Gal-
of Galle is built on the S part of the peninsula and is surround- le. Outer Kadda Rock has a least depth of 3.7m. Middle Kadda
ed by fortifications; it is joined to the mainland by a low flat Rock has a least depth of 3.4m. Inner Kadda Rock, with a
isthmus. There are coconut palms and other trees among the stranded wreck close E of it, has a least depth of 2.6m. During
houses, but the W side of the peninsula is clear and covered by the Southwest Monsoon, the sea breaks heavily over the entire
grass. length of these rocks, but during the Northeast Monsoon the
The harbor is approached through Western Channel, Central
4.24 water over them is seldom disturbed.
Channel, and Eastern Channel. Western Channel is unmarked Sealark Rock, with a depth of 6.7m, lies on the W side of the
4.24

and used by local craft only. Dredging of the channel to the channel, about 0.5 mile SSE of Point de Galle Light. It is
harbor N of Gibbet Island to a depth of 9.7m was completed in marked on its S side by a red buoy.
1984. Secundra Rock, with a least depth of 9.1m, lies on the E side
4.24

Pub. 173
126 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

of the channel, about 0.8 mile SSE of Point de Galle Light. A two towers on its front facing the sea and a dome behind. The
red conical buoy is moored close SW of it. chapel lies on a hill and has an elevation of 41m.
Polkote Gala, a 0.9m patch on which the sea breaks during
4.24

the Southwest Monsoon, lies about 0.5 mile SE of Point de

Galle Light; a red buoy is moored SE of the rock.
Belikatu Wawa, a 3.8m patch, lies on the W side of Central
4.24

Channel, about 0.2 mile E of Point de Galle Light; it is marked

NE by a black and white checkered buoy.
Matte Mada, a shoal with three heads and a least depth of
4.24

2.6m, lies on the E side of the channel, about 0.1 mile E of Be-
likatu Wawa. It is marked W by a buoy; the sea breaks over it
during the Southwest Monsoon.
Welihukka, a rock patch with a least depth of 0.9m, lies
4.24

about 183m E of the fortifications on the E side of the town

abreast Sailor’s Bastion.
Katta Gala has a least depth of 2.4m over a head about 0.5
4.24

mile ENE of Point de Galle Light. Outer Katta, an 6.1m patch,

lies about 183m SSW of this head.
Gal Pare, consisting of several heads with a least depth of
4.24

7.8m, lies on the SW side of Eastern Channel, about 0.5 mile

WSW of Watering Point.
Bloomfield Rock, with a least depth of 7.8m, lies close NW
4.24

of Gal Pare, on the SW side of Eastern Channel and also on the

E side of Central Channel. It is marked on its NW side by a
buoy.
Imbue Ranne Gala, consisting of several heads, has a least
4.24

depth of 6.4m about 0.3 mile WNW of Watering Point.

Diya Mudawa, a 4.9m shoal, on which the sea breaks during
4.24

the Southwest Monsoon, lies on the NE side of the channel,

about 0.2 mile NW of Imbue Ranne Gala.
Aspect.—Inland, the country is generally flat, but becomes
4.24
Photo Courtesy of Sri Lanka Maritime Archaeological Unit
more hilly N. Among these hills is Kurundu Kanda, 90m high Point de Galle Light
and flat-topped, about 3.5 miles NNE of Point de Galle and Hi-
niduma Kanda (Haycock), about 16 miles farther NNE. On To the N of the town are extensive low wooded hills. The on-
4.24

clear mornings in the early months of the year. ly ones likely to be recognized are Residency Hill (6°02'N.,
Adam’s Peak, previously described in paragraph 4.1, may be
4.24 80°13'E.), 62m high, and Hirimbure Kanda, 76m high, about 2
seen a little to the E of Hiniduma Kanda, previously described miles farther N.
in paragraph 4.2, appearing as a sharp regular cone flanked by Good radar returns have been reported from Point de Galle
4.24

lesser peaks appearing as though on the shoulders of its slopes. and Point de Galle Light, at 19 and 18 miles, respectively.
Approaching Galle, Point de Galle Light and Edwards Pillar
4.24 Central Channel and Eastern Channel are buoyed. When ves-
4.24

form good landmarks. Point de Galle Light (6°01'N., sels are leaving the harbor at night, certain buoys are lighted as
80°13'E.) is shown from a round tower on Utrecht Bastion, at required by the port authorities. Under no circumstances
the SE extremity of the peninsula. Galle Tower (Edwards Pil- should implicit reliance be placed on the buoys being in their
lar), about 1.5 miles farther E, is a black and white tower, 15m charted positions.
high, lying on the summit of Rumasala Kanda, a large wooded Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and is avail-
4.24

hill, 75m high, sloping down to the sea to form the E side of able in daylight hours only unless exempted by the authority of
Galle Harbor. A dangerous wreck lies 2.5 miles W of Point de the Master Attendant, Colombo, represented at Galle by the As-
Galle Light on the E side of Ala Gala. sistant Harbormaster (telephone: 94-9-2234824), who is in
The following landmarks are on the W side of the harbor
4.24 charge of the port and is also the pilot at Galle. The latter is pro-
within the town of Galle: vided with a pilot launch painted white with “Galle Pilot” paint-
1. The mosque, a large white two-story building with ed in black letters on the bow, and a mooring boat. The pilot can
two small domes and some low minarets at the SE corner of be contacted by VHF, but is not available at night.
the peninsula. The usual signal for a pilot should be displayed by vessels
4.24

2. All Saint’s Church, with a square tower, surmounted approaching the port; vessels should await the arrival of the pi-
by a red four-sided pointed roof and a large weather vane in lot close to the buoy at the W entrance of Central Channel. A
the middle of the town. pilot ladder on the lee side, and two manropes of at least 3-inch
3. The clock tower, a square stone structure with an ele- rope with the ends free, are required to be provided. Vessels are
vation of 43m not taken into the harbor at night, but should anchor at the outer
The Roman Catholic Chapel, about 0.8 mile WNW of Point
4.24 anchorage until daylight.
de Galle, is a large conspicuous building, painted white with The pilot boards 1 mile S of Point de Galle Light.
4.24

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 127

Vessels should request a pilot through their agent.

4.24 are required to be ready to veer chain when required to do so
Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 24 hours in
4.24 by the port authorities, and must have their main engines ready
advance. The message should be passed through Colombo Port to use at short notice.
Radio and the local agents. There is also good anchorage during the Northeast Monsoon
4.24

Vessels without qualified medical officers may not have

4.24 for vessels up to 152.4m in length and 9.1m draft, with Water-
communication with the shore, nor may any person, except the ing Point bearing 162°, distant 0.2 mile.
pilot, board them until permission is obtained from the health Vessels should anchor well clear of Central Channel and
4.24

authorities; in no circumstances may cases of infectious dis- Eastern Channel and their approaches.
ease be landed without the consent of the Government Health Directions.—Vessels approaching Galle Harbor from the
4.24

Officer. NW should keep Point de Galle Light bearing less than 078°,
The regulations governing vessels having plague, cholera, or
4.24 which will lead clear of the dangers W of the point. Vessels ap-
yellow fever on board, and the signals required for all vessels proaching from seaward should keep the above light bearing
arriving off the port, are the same as those for Colombo. 012°, which leads to the outer anchorage.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Galle—Contact
4.24 Vessels entering Central Channel should pass about 0.2 mile
4.24

Information. E of the outermost buoy and follow the recommended track in-
dicated on the chart. When Point de Galle Light is abeam,
Galle—Contact Information course may be shaped as required, keeping E of Capera Buoy
and the similar buoy 183m N of it, and W of the Outer and In-
Port Authority ner Katta Buoys.
Telephone 94-91-223-4936 Before the anchorage is reached speed should be reduced to
4.24

the minimum consistent with retaining command of the vessel.

Facsimile 94-91-223-2213
A vessel entering by Eastern Channel should take care to
4.24

E-mail info@slpa.lk avoid the dangers and foul ground extending from Unawatuna
Web site http://www.slpa.lk Point to Goda Gala (Bellows Reef), a rocky patch, with a depth
of 1.8m, over which the sea always breaks, about 0.8 mile SE.
Assistant Harbormaster Then bring the N end of Kachcheri, a conspicuous buff-colored
94-91-223-4824 building about 0.2 mile N of Utrecht Bastion, in line with the
Telephone Roman Catholic Chapel bearing 322°. Steer on this range until
94-91-224-6653 (residence) Central Channel is reached, then follow the directions for that
Facsimile 94-91-223-4824 channel.
Port Sri Lanka—West Coast—Galle Harbor to Wel-
VHF VHF channels 6, 13, and 16 igama Bay
4.25 The coast between Unawatuna Point (6°00'N.,
Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, the best
4.24

80°15'E.) and Ereminia Gala Point, about 1 mile ESE, recedes

berth, in 28m, sand, lies with Point de Galle Light bearing
to form a small sandy bay. A large white house is conspicuous
012°, and Ereminia Gala Point, a large black rock, 6.1m high,
about 0.5 mile ENE of Unawatuna Point.
with a pointed top, about 1 mile ESE of Unawatuna Point,
bearing 094°. Between Ereminia Gala Point and Yakinigeduwa (Katukunr-
4.25

und Islet), about 7.5 miles ESE, the coast consists of an irregu-
During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels usually anchor in the
4.24

lar sandy beach backed by a thick belt of coconut trees through

outer anchorages, in a depth of 18.3m, with Point de Galle
which runs the railroad between Galle and Matara (5°56'N.,
Light bearing 335°, and with Kota Gala, a black rock close SE
80°33'E.). The shore is fronted by reefs and foul ground, on
of Unawatuna Point, in line bearing 101° with Ereminia Gala
which the sea always breaks, extending up to 0.4 mile offshore.
Point.
The depths are irregular outside the breakers, but there are ap-
During the Northeast Monsoon, in the inner anchorages
4.24

parently no off-lying dangers except for a 9.1m patch, about 3

there are eight anchorage berths, one of which will accommo-
miles WNW of Yakinigeduwa.
date a vessel up to 121.9m in length and 6.4m draft.
The railway station at Talpe lies about 0.8 mile E of Ereminia
During the Southwest Monsoon, there are six anchorage
4.25

4.24

Gala Point. Malagoda Kanda, a conical hill, 93m high, lies about
berths, one of which will accommodate a vessel 145m in
1.3 miles N of Talpe; a conspicuous tree is on its summit, and the
length and 7.6m draft.
summit of a shoulder extending SW is also prominent.
In 1977, there were two inner anchor berths for use by ves-
4.24

sels with a draft between 7.9 and 7m in the Northeast Mon- Kotavanni, a solitary black rock, 15m high, about 3.5 miles
4.25

ESE of Talpe and fairly prominent, helps to identify the outlet

soon, and between 7.6 and 6.4m in the Southwest Monsoon.
The bottom at the anchorage is sand and mud, good holding of the Koggala Lake, about 0.4 mile farther E. Debaha Rock,
0.9m high, lies about 0.8 mile SE of the lake outlet.
ground.
About 2 miles N of Koggala Lake, the land begins to rise,
Vessels moor head and stern, using both power anchors, with
4.25

4.24

sloping gradually to Hindelunattu, 410m high, about 8 miles

their bows S and port anchors to the E. The stern moorings are
NNE of the lake. This mountain forms a good landmark all
laid by the pilot, some being laid as required and others kept
ready with ends secured to small white conical buoys. Vessels around the S and SW coasts; it is conspicuous with its large
rounded summit and a small pointed shoulder on its NE flank.

Pub. 173
128 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Yakinigeduwa (5°58'N., 80°23'E.), an islet, with steep,

4.25 with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.2 mile farther NNW.
cliffy sides, is joined to the mainland by a causeway. Trees on Gan Island, 12.5m high, about 0.4 mile W of Parei Duwa, is
4.26

the islet are 39m high, with tufted tops. A rocky reef, with not easily distinguished from the shore W because of the coco-
some above-water heads, extends about 0.2 mile SE from the nut palms on it.
islet. A prominent reddish cliff, 21 to 30m high, projects from Ruwana Rock, 1.8m high, lies about 0.6 mile NE off Rassa-
4.26

the coast about 0.6 mile W of the islet. munai Point; a rocky head, awash, lies close E.
The coast between Yakinigeduwa and Rassamunai Point,
4.25 Parei Duwa (Pigeon Island), about 1.3 miles NE of Rassa-
4.26

about 2.5 miles E, consists of a sandy beach backed by coconut munai Point and about 0.2 mile off the head of the bay, is
palms, until within 0.5 mile of Rassamunai Point where the 16.1m high, rocky and covered with scrub; there are no palm
land rises to terminate in red cliffs which form a prominent trees on it.
mark. Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in 9.1 to 11m, sand
4.26

and rock, SE of Ruwana Rock, or in similar depths in the SE

Weligama Bay (5°57'N., 80°26'E.) part of the bay, off the village of Mirissa. A good berth off the
village of Mirissa is with the red cliff on Kada Point, the S en-
World Port Index No. 49260 trance point of Polwatta Ganga, bearing 039°, and Ruwana
Rock bearing 294°. Although no reliable information has been
4.26 Weligama Bay, entered between Rassamunai Point obtained it is probable that the anchorage SE of Ruwana Rock
and Mirissa Point, about 1.5 miles ESE, is encumbered with can be used during the Southwest Monsoon.
numerous islets and dangers; a SW swell may break on any Directions.—Vessels approaching from the W should pass
4.26

shoal patch with a depth of 5.5m or less. about 0.8 mile S of Rassamunai Point to avoid Yala Rock. Ves-
Rassamunai Point consists of red cliffs extending about 0.5
4.26 sels from the E should pass S of Prinz Heinrich Patch, which
mile W and 0.3 mile N of it. Good radar returns have been re- lies about 1.5 miles SE of Mirissa Point. Proceed into Wel-
ported from the point at 16 miles. The town of Weligama, igama Bay with Parei Duwa (Pigeon Island) in line bearing
somewhat scattered, lies on the NW side of the bay. 352°, with a gap in the hills inland. This course leads between
Mirissa Point forms the W end of a fairly high peninsula
4.26 Kada Rock and Diyumba Alut Rock. Course may be altered
partly covered with coconut palms. ENE for the anchorage off Mirissa when clear of Diyumba
The W and N shores of the bay to the entrance of Polwatta
4.26 Alut Rock.
Ganga is a sandy beach backed by coconut palms. The land at If proceeding to the anchorage SE of Ruwana Rock, enter on
4.26

the head of the bay is very low and not visible from the bay, but the same range and pass E and N of Karamas Rock.
hilly country about 3 miles inland starts to rise to Hindelunattu,
about 6 miles farther NNW, and is visible over the coconut Sri Lanka—West Coast—Weligama Bay to Don-
palms. Gongola, 1,386m high, about 30 miles NNE of the bay, dra Head
is visible in clear weather above the intervening hills.
On the E shore of the bay, a sandy bight lies between Mirissa
4.26 4.27 The coast between Mirissa Point and Galgodiyana
Point and Wera Point, 27m high and cliffy, about 0.8 mile NE. (Chula Lanka), about 5 miles E, is densely wooded with coco-
The village of Mirissa lies at the head of this bight. The shore nut palms and appears moderately high. Several dagobas
between Wera Point and the S entrance of Polwatta Ganga is (shrines) on this coast show up well when light conditions are
mainly composed of moderately high, red cliffs. favorable.
Yala Rock, with a least depth of 2.7m and steep-to, lies about
4.26 The bottom is rocky and uneven in depths of less 9.1m off
4.27

0.5 mile SW of Rassamunai Point. this stretch of coast. Vessels should ordinarily keep in depths
Pares Shoal, with a depth of 4.5m, lies about 0.5 mile ESE of
4.26 over 37m, and pass about 1.5 miles S of Veragalle Point.
Rassamunai Point. The sea always breaks on the reef fringing Tides—Currents.—Currents are irregular within 2 miles of
4.27

the point. this coast and W of Dondra Head. There is often an indraft into
Sealark Rock, with a depth of 8.7m, lies about 0.2 mile E of
4.26 Matara Bay.
Pares Shoal, and Kada Rock, with a depth of 4.6m, lies about Prinz Heinrich Patch, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies about
4.27

0.2 mile farther SE, near the middle of the entrance to the bay. 1.5 miles SE of Mirissa Point. Galgodiyana in line bearing
Karamas Rock, with a depth of 6.9m, lies about 0.4 mile N
4.26 074° with Brown’s Hill, 1.8 miles ENE, leads S of the patch.
of Kada Rock. Mirissa Point in line bearing 347° with Hindelunattu, leads W
On the E side of the entrance, between Mirissa Point and Ko-
4.26 of Prinz Heinrich Patch.
la Point, about 0.7 mile ESE, the sea always breaks on the foul A rocky ledge, 3m high at its highest point, extends about
4.27

ground extending up to 0.2 mile offshore. Palapana Gala, shoal 183m offshore from Veragalle Point (5°56'N., 80°27'E.),
rocky ground with a least depth of 6.9m, lies about 0.4 mile S about 0.5 mile E of Kola Point.
of Mirissa Point. Talarambee Point, about 0.4 mile farther E, is rocky and ele-
4.27

Diyumba Alut Rock, with a depth of 5m and on which the

4.26 vated, with a dagoba, 36.5m high, showing above the tree tops
sea occasionally breaks, lies about 0.3 mile W of Mirissa Point, close behind it. Kalcotta Rocks, three heads, 0.3 to 0.6m high,
and about 0.4 mile E of Kada Rock. lie about 0.2 mile S of Talarambee Point.
Diyumba Rocks, with a least depth of 2.3m, lie about 0.5
4.26 Tanana Rocks, 0.9 to 1.5m high, about 1 mile farther E, lie
4.27

mile N of Mirissa Point. about 0.2 mile S of Atalahua Point, a low point.
Prompt Shoal, with a depth of 5m, lies near the middle of the
4.26 Moolkalle Point, about 1 mile E of Atalahua Point, is rocky
4.27

bay, about 1 mile NNW of Mirissa Point. Puhumodal Rock, and has a dagoba on it; it contrasts with its surroundings as it is

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 129

covered with low scrubs instead of coconut palms. Etawa Reef, with a least depth of 3.6m, lies between 0.5 and
4.29

1 mile E of Kottagoda Point. Bambri Rocks, 1.2m high, lies

4.28 Galgodiyana (Chula Lanka) (5°56'N., 80°32'E.), an about 0.5 mile farther NE.
islet 22m high and covered with coconut palms, is connected to
the coast by a causeway in bad repair. Several rocks, two of 4.30 Nilewelli Point (5°57'N., 80°43'E.) is rocky and
which are about 2m high, lie about 0.3 mile S of the islet. steep-to, with a clump of coconut trees, 24m high, on it. The
Matara Bay, formed by the curving coastline between Gal-
4.28 point is connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of sand
godiyana and Dondra Head, about 3.3 miles E, is entirely open over which the surf washes in a moderate swell; when seen
S and mostly foul. from the E or W, it appears as an islet. A white dagoba lies 1
Madumora Reef, about 0.8 mile SE of Galgodiyana, has
4.28 mile N of the point.
depths of less than 1.8m over its N edge, and a least depth of Walakanda (Waulugalakanda), a hill with a bare summit,
4.30

2.7m near its S edge. Sleet Rock, about 1.5 miles farther ESE, 169m high, about 3.3 miles NNW of Nilewelli Point, forms a
has a depth of 10m and is the outermost danger in the E part of good mark for vessels coasting, but shows up less to vessels
the bay. farther offshore, because of the other hills behind it.
Matara, on the NW side of the bay, is a town of considerable
4.28 Nilewelli Bay lies between Nilewelli Point and the S extrem-
4.30

size and importance, ranking next to Galle in the Southern ity of a rocky peninsula, about 1 mile NE. Two detached
Provinces. The town is not easily seen from seaward, but the above-water rocks lie off the S extremity of the peninsula.
clock tower shows up well in favorable light between the bear- Anchorage can be obtained in the bay, in about 16m, sand,
4.30

ings of 347° and 302°. about 0.4 mile NE of Nilewelli Point.

An islet, 12.5m high, just E of the clock tower, is connected
4.28 Mahawelli Bay, about 2.5 miles NE of Nilewelli Point, lies
4.30

to the shore by a causeway on which the sea generally breaks. immediately N of Mahawelli Point. The latter point is the E ex-
Some conspicuous red cliffs, the highest 37m high, lie about 1 tremity of a steep and rocky peninsula, moderately high, and
mile farther E. Brown’s Hill, 52m high and identified by a red nearly bare of trees. Mahawelli Rock, awash, lies about 0.2
triangular patch on its SW slope, rises behind the red cliffs. mile E of the point. Middle Rock, nearly awash and always
breaking, lies about 0.5 mile farther ENE. Unaeria Rocks, con-
Sri Lanka—South Coast—Dondra Head to Ham- sisting of four distinct heads, 0.3 to 1.8m high, lie close E of
bantota Point Middle Rock.
Anchorage, with local knowledge, can be taken, in about
4.30

4.29 Dondra Head (5°55'N., 80°36'E.), the S extremity of 11m, sand, close N of Mahawelli Rock. The approach to the
Sri Lanka, is low with a grove of tall coconut trees at its W ex- anchorage is made between Mahawelli and Middle Rocks.
tremity. The headland appears as an islet, although it is con- Tangalla Bay lies between Tangalla Point (6°01'N.,
4.30

nected to the mainland. Dondra Head Light is shown from a 80°48'E.) and Rekawa Point, 15m high, rocky and barren,
white octagonal tower, 49m high, near the E point of Dondra about 4 miles ENE. The town of Tangalla, with an old conspic-
Head. A white pyramidal beacon, with an elevation of 13.7m, uous white fort, lies on Tangalla Point. Rocky reef, just below-
lies about 0.5 mile NE of the light. water, fronts most of the shore of the bay.
Dondra Head has been reported to give good radar responses
4.29 Two radio masts, marked by red obstruction lights, are situ-
4.30

at 19 miles. ated about 8 miles NNW of Tangalla.

An IMO-adopted traffic scheme has been established off
4.29 Good radar returns have been reported from Tangalla Point
4.30

Dondra Head. at 9 miles.

The coast between Dondra Head and Hambantota Point,
4.29 Tangalla Rock, awash and steep-to on its S and E sides, lies
4.30

about 34 miles ENE, is generally low and has sandy and rocky about 1 mile ESE of Tangalla Point. Ma Rock, with a depth of
stretches; there are no dangers outside a distance of 1.3 miles 4.6m, and Kadul Rock, with a depth of 3.2m, lie about 0.4 mile
offshore. The W part, between Dondra Head and Nilewelli NE and 0.2 mile NNW, respectively.
Point, about 8 miles ENE, has a somewhat elevated appearance To enter Tangalla Bay, pass 0.5 mile E of Tangalla Rock,
4.30

due to the low-lying parts being covered with coconut palms. then steer about 021° until the coconut trees on the S bank of
From Nilewelli Point to Tangalla Point, about 6 miles NE, the Kirama Oya (Kunkalle Ganga) are in line, bearing 265°, with
coast becomes generally rocky, fairly high, and indented by the small white dagoba, about 0.5 mile NW of the fort. Steer on
bays. To the E of the latter point, it again becomes low, sandy, this range and anchor, in 9.1 to 11m, with Tangalla Rock bear-
and backed by coconut palms as far as Kalametiya Point, near- ing between 167° and 149°
ly 9 miles ENE. Then to Hambantota Point, about 12 miles
ENE, it is low, barren, and sandy, and is interrupted by only a 4.31 Kahandawa Rocks (6°03'N., 80°54'E.), 0.6m high,
few cliffy points. lies about 0.8 mile S of Kahandawa Point. A rocky head, with a
The coast between Dondra Head and Gandura Point, a rocky
4.29 depth of 8.7m, lies about 0.3 mile S of the rocks.
point about 1.8 miles ENE, consists of rocky cliffs which are Kalametiya Point (6°04'N., 80°56'E.), moderately high and
4.31

about 30m high in one part. Gandura Bay lies between the lat- rocky, terminates in a large boulder, from which a chain of
ter point and Kottagoda Point (5°57'N., 80°38'E.), a rocky rocky islets extends SE to Watta Rock, a barren islet, 7m high
point with boulders. and prominent due to the light color of its upper part. Rocky
Anchorage.—There is good anchorage, in 18.3m, sand in
4.29 patches, with depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, lie within 0.5 mile SW, S,
the W part of Gandura Bay, with Gandura Point bearing 248°, and E of Watta Rock.
about 0.6 mile. The anchorage is not protected from the swell. Kalametiya Rock, of which a small pinnacle just shows, lies
4.31

Pub. 173
130 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

about 0.4 mile E of Kalametiya Point. Sri Lanka—South Coast—Hambantota to Buta-

Anchorage, with local knowledge, can be obtained, in about
4.31
wa Point
11m, sand and rock, from 0.3 to 0.5 mile ENE of Watta Rock.
Ulandhe Point, about 2.8 miles ENE of Kalametiya Point, is
4.31 4.34 The coast between Hambantota and Illukatiya Point,
steep with red cliffs, and a summit, 18m high, behind it. 42 miles ENE, is sandy and barren, with points from 15 to 50m
Swell Rock, with a depth of 6.9m and upon which the sea
4.31 high. The land between and behind the points is low, with hills
breaks in a moderate swell, lies 1 mile SW of Ulandhe Point. here and there which usually rise abruptly. In clear weather the
Rattan Point is similar to and about 0.8 mile NE of Ulandhe
4.31 mountain district of Sri Lanka will be seen in the background.
Point, from which it is separated by two sandy bights. Rocks The usual and recommended route for vessels proceeding
extend nearly 0.4 mile offshore between the points. along this coast is outside of Great Basses Reef (6°11'N.,
Rattan Point has been reported to give good radar responses
4.31 81°29'E.) and Little Basses Reef to the NE, passing about 2
at 18 miles. miles SE of the lighthouses marking the reefs upon these ridg-
The mouth of the Walawe Ganga, about 1.8 miles E of Rat-
4.31 es. Care should be taken in passing Little Basses Reef, de-
tan Point, is usually a small opening in the sandy beach. scribed in paragraph 4.38, where depths of less than 18.3m
Godawaye Point (6°06'N., 80°03'E.), 15m high and rocky,
4.31 extend to about 3 miles ENE of the lighthouse at the E end of
has a white dagoba within the point and a reef awash close E. this reef.
The coast between Godawaye Point and Hambantota Point,
4.31 Kataragama Peak (6°23'N., 81°20'E.), 424m high, is the
4.34

about 5 miles ENE, is a continuous stretch of sand on which a summit of a range; it is sharp-topped when viewed from SW,
heavy surf breaks. but flat-topped from E or SE. Good radar returns have been re-
ported from the peak at 37 miles.
4.32 Hambantota (6°07'N., 81°08'E.) (World Port Index Rocky Knob, 98m high, about 7 miles SE of Kataragama
4.34

No. 49255), a town and port, lies on the W side of the bay Peak, is a remarkable pillar of rock protruding from a rocky
formed between Hambantota Point and Pitawatan Point, about ridge.
1.3 miles NE. There is seldom much protection from swell in Akasachetiya, 161m high, about 4 miles NE of Rocky Knob,
4.34

this bay as even with winds the swell sets onto the coast. is a very prominent mass of bare rock.
Hambantota Point is the SE extremity of a rocky promontory
4.32 Open anchorage, over a bottom of sand and rock, can be ob-
4.34

with red sandy soil. A bare rocky ledge extends about 137m SE tained off almost any part of this stretch of coast, but none of
of the point; the highest part of the ledge, at its outer end, is 4m the bights afford shelter during either monsoon. During the
high. A large white martello tower and some houses lie on the Southwest Monsoon, however, if the wind is well to W, the sea
promontory; a disused light stands on its summit, about 0.2 is less disturbed off the E part of the coast. Close to the beach,
mile W of Hambantota Point. there are several rocky patches, below and above-water, over
Good radar returns have been reported from Hambantota
4.32 which the sea breaks heavily.
Point at 19 miles.
Hambantota Light was formerly shown from a square white
4.32 4.35 Patirajja Point (6°10'N., 81°14'E.), about 6.3 miles
tower on the summit of the promontory, about 0.2 mile W of ENE of Hambantota, is reddish in color and terminates in a
Hambantota Point. Since 1977, the light has been extinguished. rocky ledge, 0.6m high. A bare sandhill lies about 0.3 mile W
Anchorage.—The best berth in the bay, in 10m, lies 0.4 mile
4.32 of the point.
NE of Hambantota Point. Urani Point, about 3.3 miles farther ENE, may be identified
4.35

Caution.—Extensive development of the port has occurred

4.32 by a small grove of coconut palms lying behind it; such palms
(2016) with a new harbor basin area, artificial island and break- are rare in this area. The village of Bundala is near this grove.
water. A wharf, 420m in length with an alongside depth of Dorava Point (6°12'N., 81°19'E.), 18m high, is bare, rocky,
4.35

17m, has been reported (2017). and easily identified.

Lansiya Rock, 6m high, lies 0.5 mile S of Dorava Point; foul
4.35

4.33 Magampura Port (6°07'N., 81°06'E.) is being built to ground extends 1 mile W of the rock.
provide a second harbor in Sri Lanka able to handle international Dorava Rock, with a least depth of 5.5m, lies about 0.8 mile
4.35

commerce. Its strategic location puts it close to international SE of Dorava Point, and is the outermost off the point.
shipping lanes. A unique feature of this port is that it was built Between Dorava Point and Butawa Point, about 11.5 miles
4.35

inland and then was connected to the Indian Ocean. NE, sand hills and rocky formations of moderate height lie
The entrance channel has a width of 210m and is dredged to
4.33 close behind the coast.
17m in depth. Phase 1 of the project, which should be complete Kirindi Point, a rocky formation, lies about 1.3 miles NE of
4.35

in April 2011, has a General Cargo Quay, 600m in length; a Dorava Point. Kirindi Knob, a group of boulders, 34m high,
Service Quay, 105m in length; and an Oil Quay, 610m in lies about 0.3 mile W of the point. From the W, it may be seen
length. There is a turning basin with a 600m turning circle and over the land inside Dorava Point, appearing as a conical sum-
a depth of 17m. The port can handle vessels up to 100,000 dwt. mit.
Phase 2, which is now underway (2011), will allow for the si-
4.33 A rocky ledge, with Korha Rock, 0.6m high, at its extremity,
4.35

multaneous handling of nine vessels by adding a considerable extends about 0.3 mile ESE of Kirindi Point.
amount of quayage. There is also plans for a Phase 3, which would The village of Kirindi lies close to the beach N of the point.
4.35

ultimately allow for the handling of 33 vessels simultaneously and Anchorage.—Open anchorage can be obtained, in about
4.35

to dredge the entrance channel to a depth of 21m. 15.8m, S of Kirindi Point, rather than E of the point where there
appears to be much rock. Vessels approaching the anchorage

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 131

should keep Kataragama Peak well open E of Kirindi Knob, No depth of less than 12.8m has been found on Great Basses
4.36

bearing about 359°, which leads just E of Dorava Rock. Ridge, except within 2 miles of the lighthouse, and vessels
Mutugala Point lies about 2 miles ENE of Palatupana Point, should not approach within that distance of the light in either
and is somewhat similar to it. The point is fronted by patches an ENE or WSW direction.
of rocky reef, and a rock, 1.8m high, lies about 91m SE of it. Ship Rock, about 5.5 miles NE of Great Basses Light, has a
4.36

Shoal patches, with a depth of 6.9m over the outer one, extend depth of 9.1m and lies in the middle of a narrow, rocky shoal.
about 0.5 mile S of the point.
Sri Lanka—South Coast—Butawa Point to Illu-
4.36 Palatupana Point (6°14'N., 81°22'E.) is the extremity katiya Point
of a sandy elevation, about 2.5 miles NE of Kirindi Point.
A bushy summit, 59m high, and another, 39m high, lie about
4.36 4.37 Butawa Point (6°19'N., 81°29'E.) is rounded and
1.3 miles NW, and 0.8 mile NNW, respectively, of Mutugala moderately high. Butawa Rock, 1.8m high and steep-to on its
Point. The latter summit is used as a range mark for the pas- SW and SE sides, lies about 0.2 mile SE of Butawa Point.
sage inside Little Basses Ridge. Chiddle Rock, with a depth of 9.6m and steep-to, lies about
4.37

Amaduwa Point, about 2.5 miles NE of Mutugala Point, is

4.36 0.4 mile SE of Butawa Rock.
low and rocky at its extremity. A rocky reef, its outer part Shoal and uneven depths extend up to 0.8 mile offshore be-
4.37

awash, midway between the points, extends about 0.3 mile off- tween Butawa Point and Patanagala Point, about 2 miles NE.
shore. A rock, 5m high, lies about 0.1 mile S of Amaduwa The outermost danger is a rock, with a least depth of 6.9m,
Point. about 0.8 mile SSE of Patanagala Point.
The sandy coast between Amaduwa Point and Butawa Point,
4.36 Patanagala Point is the extremity of a bare rocky hill, 42m
4.37

about 3.8 miles NE, forms several bights with rocks lying from high, and somewhat resembling a haycock. Elephant Rock,
0.1 to 0.2 mile offshore. Two of these rocks, close together, the 0.6m high, lies about 0.4 mile ESE of the point.
higher one 4.6m high, lie about 0.2 mile offshore. Shoal water, Transit Hill, a bare, rocky elevation, with two peaks of nearly
4.37

the outer part with a least depth of 5m, extends about 0.5 mile equal elevation and joined by a ridge slightly lower, lies about
from the coast, about 1.5 miles NE of Amaduwa Point. 0.4 mile WNW of Patanagala Point. The W peak is 50m high.
Great Basses Ridge, a steep-to and narrow rocky ridge, with
4.36 A sand hill, 33m high, lies about 4 miles NE of Patanagala
4.37

depths of less than 18.3m, extends 13.8 miles ENE from a po- Point, terminating in two rocky points about 0.8 mile apart; the
sition about 3 miles S of Urani Point (6°11'N., 81°17'E.). NE point is Pillinawa Point. This sandhill, backed by low land,
appears as an island from a distance. Two rocky heads extend
about 0.3 mile S of the SW rocky head, and shoal water ex-
tends about 0.5 mile farther offshore. The coast for about 2
miles SW of Pillinawa Point should not be approached within
0.8 mile.
The coast, from about 1 mile NE of Pillinawa Point to Uda
4.37

Point, about 3.3 miles farther NE, is closely backed by sand

hills of moderate height, partly covered by scrub.
Pahala Point, about 3.3 miles NE of Uda Point, is the ex-
4.37

tremity of a sand hill slope; rocky ledges and sunken reefs ex-
tend about 0.2 mile offshore for about 1 mile on either side of
the point.
Lewin Rock, with a least depth of 5.5m, lies about 1 mile
4.37

offshore, about 3 miles ENE of Pahala Point.

Daedalus Rock, about 0.8 mile SSE of Lewin Rock, has a
4.37

least depth of 3.2m, and appears to be a boulder resting on a

narrow ledge, with depths of 5.5 to 9.1m extending about 0.5
mile S.
Illukatiya Point (6°30'N., 81°42'E.), poorly defined, is the S
4.37

entrance point of Kumbukkan Oya, about 4 miles NE of Pahala

Photo Courtesy of Udena Atygalle, The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) Point. The coast between the two points is principally com-
Great Basses Reef Light posed of sand hills, partly covered with scrub. Kumbukkan Oya
is fronted at its mouth by patches of sunken reef extending
Great Basses Reef (6°11'N., 81°29'E.) lies on the ridge,
4.36
about 0.2 mile offshore.
about 2 miles from its E end; parts of the reef, which is about Little Basses Ridge, with depths of not more than 9.1m, ex-
4.37

0.2 mile long, are above-water. tends from its SW end about 1 mile SE of Butawa Point
Great Basses Reef Light, with a racon, is shown from the NE
4.36 (6°19'N., 81°29'E.), for about 17 miles ENE. The ridge is in
and highest part of Great Basses Reef, from a white granite most parts very narrow and steep-to, and there are many rocky
tower, 38m high, with a conical top; the tower is surrounded by heads, especially in its SW part, on which the sea often breaks.
two galleries, one above the base and the other close under the An extensive bank lies S of the W half of Little Basses
4.37

lantern. Good radar returns have been reported from the light Ridge, and has a least depth of 10m about 3.8 miles SE of Pilli-
structure at 17 miles. nawa Point (6°22'N., 81°34'E.).

Pub. 173
132 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

4.38 Little Basses Reef (6°24'N., 81°44'E.) lies about 1.5 and overfalls occur.
miles within the NE end of Little Basses Ridge, and is about The sea may break on any part of Little Basses Ridge with a
4.38

0.6m high. The approach to the reef is steep on its S and SE moderate swell, where depths do not exceed 5.5m, and probably
sides, the 200m curve lying about 1 mile SE of the reef. in greater depths. It is inadvisable for other than vessels of light
The wreck of a 7,000 gt vessel, stranded and broken in two,
4.38 draft to attempt to cross any part of the ridge; such vessels
lies about 3.5 miles WSW of Little Basses Reef. should cross between 2 to 6 miles SW of Little Basses Light.
Little Basses Light is shown from a white granite tower, with
4.38 Atlas Rock, with a depth of 5.5m, lies about 1.5 miles NE of
4.38

a black band, 38m high, on Little Basses Reef. The tower has a Little Basses Light.
domed roof, and is surrounded by two galleries under the lan-
tern. Sri Lanka—East Coast—Illukatiya Point to Bat-
Good radar returns have been reported from the light struc-
4.38
ticaloa Roads
ture at 16 miles.
4.39 The coast between Illukatiya Point and Sangamank-
anda Point, about 33 miles NNE, is nearly all sandy and backed
by jungle, which extends over low, flat ground to isolated hills
inland. from there to Batticaloa Roads, about 45 miles farther
NNW, the coast is cultivated in many places with coconut
palms, and the land behind the coast is low and flat.
The depths off this coast are fairly regular, gradually de-
4.39

creasing toward the land, except N of Arugam Bay (6°50'N.,

81°50'E.) to Sangamankanda Point.
Mayagala, 220m high, about 13 miles W of Illukatiya Point,
4.39

has a remarkable cone-shaped appearance when seen from the

E. Dematagala, about 2 miles ENE of Mayagala, has two sum-
mits, the higher of which is 305m high. Mandagala, 159m
high, about 6 miles farther E, is conspicuous; its summit has a
light-colored precipice facing E, and the top of the precipice,
seen from the SE, appears clear of the summit.
Chimney Hill, about 11 miles NW of Mandagala, is unusual,
4.39

appearing as a truncated cone, surmounted by a vertical rock

Photo Courtesy of Udena Atygalle, The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)
resembling a chimney. This hill, which is isolated, can be seen
Little Basses Reef Light outside a distance of 4 miles off the coast. Kongala (6°34'N.,
81°42'E.) lies nearer the coast.
Winds—Weather.—Winds from the W and SW prevail
4.38 Asses Ears, about 5 miles NNE of Kongala, and Kudumbegala,
4.39

from April to November. about 2.3 miles farther NNE, are easily recognized.
In January, the sea is rough; vessels bound NE should avoid
4.38 Panawa, a sandy jungle-covered ridge, terminates in a scrub-
4.39

the SE coast of Sri Lanka. In March, the passage up and down covered, rocky point, 26m high. The point, from N or S, ap-
the coast is easy. pears as a flat-topped islet, and a stretch of bare sand lies S of
Tides—Currents.—Tides and currents on Little Basses
4.38 the point. Bolt Point, about 2.8 miles farther N, is a scrub-cov-
Reef are, as follows: ered rock, 28m high.
1. January—The currents set SSW at 2 to 2.5 knots. Nilagalahela, 194m high, lies about 8 miles W of the en-
4.39

2. February—The currents usually set SSW at 2 knots, trance to Arugam Bay, and has two summits. The hill, from the
but may be less. E, appears as a single peak, steep on its S side. It is a good
3. March—The currents generally set SSW, but are vari- landmark, as it is the highest in the vicinity, and darker than its
able and weak at times. surroundings.
4. April—The currents are usually weak and variable but
can be strong when occasionally setting SW. 4.40 Sangamankanda Point (7°01'N., 81°52'E.) lies close
5. May—The currents set NE at 1 to 3 knots. N of a long, sandy stretch of coast line; a white martello tower,
6. June, July, August, and September—The currents set 6.1m high, lies near the point. Good radar returns have been re-
NNE at 1 to 3 knots. ported from the point at 17 miles.
7. October—The currents set NNE at 5 knots, changing Sangamankanda, 85m high, lies about 3 miles WSW of the
4.40

about the middle of the month to SSW. point.

8. December—The currents set SSW at 5 knots. Egeria Patch, a narrow ridge of coral and sand, with a least
4.40

Caution.—An area of shoal ground lies NNW of Little

4.38 depth of 11.9m, lies with its NE extremity about 5.3 miles SE
Basses Reef; vessels should not approach within 1.5 miles of of Sangamankanda Point. The bottom has been seen clearly in
the reef with the lighthouse bearing between 148° and 185°. If 16.5m.
wishing to communicate with the lighthouse, it should be ap- Komari Ridge lies with its N end about 1.5 miles E of San-
4.40

proached between the bearings of 134° and 109°; the approach gamankanda Point. It is composed of sand and coral, and has a
to the reef should be avoided on all other bearings. least depth of 5m. The bottom is very uneven for about 3 miles
Depths beyond the E end of Little Basses Ridge are irregular
4.38 seaward of the ridge; heavy breakers may be caused by winds

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 133

and currents. ally light and variable, particularly during the Southwest Mon-
In the vicinity of Sangamankanda Point, several mountains
4.40 soon, and in the transitional periods between the monsoons. In
form landmarks. In clear weather, Namunakuli, a sharp peak, the afternoon, sea breezes, usually from NE to SE, are preva-
2,036m high, and Maragalkanda, a long and rounded moun- lent.
tain, about 1,100m high, are visible about 45 and 31 miles, re- During the Southwest Monsoon, a hot, dry wind, usually W
4.42

spectively, WSW of Sangamankanda Point. A dangerous or SW, may blow down from the hills. It is most prevalent
wreck lies at the point’s N extremity in position 7°01'45''N, during June and July, when winds from these directions are re-
81°53'51''E. corded in the afternoon, on an average of 7 days per month, in-
Westminster Abbey, 558m high at its NW point, lies about
4.40 stead of the usual sea breeze from E.
20 miles W of Sangamankanda Point; it is a remarkable tower- Depressions from the Bay of Bengal may affect Batticaloa at
4.42

like mountain, best seen from E or S and very prominent. the close of the Southwest Monsoon. The Northeast Monsoon
Konduruhela (Kumburahela), 346m high, lies 12.5 miles W
4.40 sets in towards the end of November.
of the same point; it is a very prominent, isolated sugarloaf Aspect.—Batticaloa Light (7°45'N., 81°41'E.) is shown
4.42

peak. from a white tower, 28m high, on the W side of the entrance to
Wadinagala, 735m high, lies about 22 miles WNW of San-
4.40 Batticaloa Lake.
gamankanda Point and has a sharp peak, conspicuous from all A conspicuous lattice tower, marked by red obstruction
4.42

directions. lights, stands about 1.5 miles SSE of the light.

4.40Thomson Hill is about 10 miles NW of Sangamankanda Beacon Rock, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 1.5 miles
4.42

Point; Sharp Hill and Bennington Hill, the latter wooded and ENE of Batticaloa Light, and is the outermost danger.
wedge-shaped, lie about 1.8 miles NNE and 5.5 miles NW, re- Brennus Shoal, with a least depth of 3.2m, lies about 1 mile
4.42

spectively, of Thomson Hill. NE of the same light. A 5.5m patch lies about 0.3 mile NNW
Friar’s Hood (7°26'N., 81°30'E.), 654m high, is well-named
4.40 of the shoal, and Tower Rock, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies
and shows up well among the surrounding hills. It is usually about 183m SSE of the shoal.
the first landmark coming from the N, is unmistakable, and Numerous other dangers lie between Beacon Rock and Batti-
4.42

readily identified from great distances in clear weather. caloa Light.

A cluster of red roofs is conspicuous about 10 miles N of
4.40 Surveyor Rock, with a least depth of 6.4m, lies nearly 1 mile
4.42

Sangamankanda Point; a white tower, about 13 miles farther N, N of Batticaloa Light. Khandalla Bank, with a least depth of
is also conspicuous. 6.4m, lies about 183m SW of Surveyor Rock.
The depths off the coast between Sangamankanda Point and
4.40 Anchorage.—A good berth for a large vessel, in 13.7m, lies
4.42

Batticaloa Roads are regular, except for a few rocky patches with Batticaloa Light bearing 151°, distant 1 mile.
within 1 mile of the coast. The 200m curve lies between 4 and A small vessel may anchor, in 12m, about 0.2 mile ESE of
4.42

10 miles offshore; outside this curve the depths increase sud- Khandalla Bank, with Batticaloa Light bearing 176°. This is a
denly and heavy overfalls occur even in good weather. convenient berth for communicating with the shore.
Alphee Shoal (7°25'N., 81°52'E.), with a least depth of
4.40 Caution.—Approaching from the S, a vessel should not en-
4.42

5.9m, lies about 2 miles ENE of the conspicuous white tower. ter into depths of less than 18.3m until Batticaloa Light bears
199°. A light-draft vessel may approach the anchorage ESE of
4.41 Port Oluvil (7°17'N., 81°51'E.), reported (2013) to be Khandalla Bank, with Batticaloa Light bearing not less than
open, consists of a commercial harbor and an area for fishing 180°.
vessels. The commercial jetty is 390m long, with 330m of
berthing space with alongside depths of 8m. The fishing jetty is Sri Lanka—East Coast—Batticaloa Roads to
260m long, with 200m of berthing space and alongside depths Trincomalee
of 3m. Both jetties are protected by a breakwater that is 1,475m
long. 4.43 The coast between Batticaloa Light and Clarke Point,
Future plans include dredging the commercial jetty to a
4.41 about 16 miles NW, is covered with numerous coconut palms
depth of 11m and adding an additional 470m of berthing to ac- and backed by several conspicuous hills. From there to Foul
commodate vessels up to 16,000 tons. Point, about 35 miles NNW, the coast is low and covered with
jungle, and the hills inland are few and unimportant.
Batticaloa Roads (7°46'N., 81°41'E.) Beyond the 200m curve, along this coast, the depths increase
4.43

suddenly and overfalls occur, even in good weather.

World Port Index No. 49287 In thick weather, it is safe to navigate off this coast by re-
4.43

maining in depths of not less than 37m.

4.42 Batticaloa Roads, an open roadstead, off the entrance Tower Hill (7°43'N., 81°24'E.), 244m high, about 17 miles
4.43

of Batticaloa Lake affords good anchorage during the South- W of Batticaloa Light, is hog-backed, with a conspicuous rock,
west Monsoon, but is dangerous during the Northeast Mon- resembling a tower, on its summit.
soon. Barons Cap, 210m high, about 7 miles N of Tower Hill, is a
4.43

The town of Batticaloa lies about 3 miles S of the lake en-

4.42 sugarloaf hill; it is conspicuous when clear of other hills, espe-
trance; a railroad bridge crosses the lake in the vicinity. cially from about due E, but from NE its top appears broader
Winds—Weather.—At Batticaloa, W or SW winds prevail
4.42 and merges with the hills farther S.
from February to November. Gunner’s Quoin, about 15 miles W of Baron’s Cap, is a large
4.43

During the night and morning at Batticaloa, the wind is usu-

4.42 wedge-shaped mountain and a good mark.

Pub. 173
134 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Kirimechiodai Malai, 7 miles WNW of Clarke Point, is 56m

4.43 (8°32'N., 81°19'E.) and Flagstaff Point, about 5.5 miles NW.
high, and only seen between bearings of 247° and 292°, when The entrance of Trincomalee Harbor lies on the NW side of the
it appears as a low wedge-shaped hill with a small peak, rising bay.
steeply from S and sloping N. Koddiyar Bay occupies the S portion of Trincomalee Bay;
4.45

Kunchan Kallu, 125m high, lies about 10.5 miles WNW of

4.43 Tambalagam Bay, a shallow lagoon, extends from the NW cor-
Clarke Point; from the SE it appears wedge-shaped and moder- ner of Koddiyar Bay.
ately steep-to, but from the NE it has no well-defined summit. Round Island (8°30'N., 81°13'E.) lies in the W part of Trin-
4.45

Small Quoin, about 4.3 miles farther WNW, is 158m and

4.43 comalee Bay, about 5.5 miles W of Kevuliya (Foul Point). A
from the SE slopes to a single rounded summit. light is shown from a white round tower, 21m high, on the
Baker Rocks lie on reefs extending about 1.3 miles NE of
4.43 summit of the island.
Vendloos Point (7°55'N., 81°35'E.). Depths in Trincomalee Bay, in the approach to Trincomalee
4.45

Clarke Point, about 4.5 miles farther NNW, is low and

4.43 Harbor, are deep.
fringed by rocks and foul ground. Elephant Rock, 7m high and
light-colored, lies close N of Clarke Point. Trincomalee Bay—Southeast Side
Challitivu Island, about 8.5 miles NNW of Clarke Point, is
4.43

9m high and wooded. Panditiva Munai, about 4.3 miles farther 4.46 The coast between Kevuliya (Foul Point) and Norway
NNW, is sharp and rocky, with a small above-water rock close Point, about 2.5 miles WSW, is low and fronted by a shoal
off it. bank. Northesk Rocks, a patch with a least depth of 1.2m, lies
about 1.5 miles WSW of Kevuliya (Foul Point).
4.44 Kadeawella Point (Muricaadi Munai) (8°12'N., Norway Islet, 13m high, lies about 0.3 mile WSW of Nor-
4.46

81°26'E.) is fronted by rocks, the highest of which is 3m high. way Point. Beacon Rock, 2.4m high, lies about 0.2 mile SW of
Virgel Rocks, about 2.5 miles N of Kadeawella Point and
4.44 Norway Islet.
about 1 mile offshore, consist of two sunken rocks and a rock, Koddiyar Bay, entered between Norway Point and Marble
4.46

0.9m high. Point, about 4 miles W, has low shores, with several rivers
Tree Rock, 13m high, with a tree on it, lies about 5 miles
4.44 emptying into it.
NNW of Kadeawella Point and about 0.3 mile offshore; a rock, Koddiyar Sands fronts the shore for about 1 mile E and 2
4.46

0.6m high, lies about 0.5 mile E of Tree Rock. miles W of the mouth of the Koddiyar Aru. When the rivers are
Ship Rock, 19m high, lies about 1.8 mile NNW of Tree
4.44 in flood, shoal depths extend farther seaward off the mouths of
Rock, abreast a conspicuous rock on the coast. Alligator Rock, the Koddiyar Aru and the river about 1.8 miles farther W; an
0.9m high, with a sunken rock close NE, lies about 1.5 miles E extension of about 91m has been recorded after heavy rains.
of Ship Rock. Brown Shoal, with a least depth of 9.1m, lies about 1.3 miles
4.46

The entrance of a lagoon lies about 2.8 miles N of Ship

4.44 NW of the W entrance of the Koddiyar Aru.
Rock. Several islets lie off the entrance; the highest islet, Elizabeth Island (8°30'N., 81°13'E.), about 1 mile S of
4.46

18.3m high, with some trees on it, is conspicuous. Round Island, consists of bare rock with a well-defined sum-
White Rock, 8m high, lies on the beach about 3 miles N of
4.44 mit, 10m high; the island appears conical from the N. The is-
the lagoon entrance and shows up well during the forenoon. land is surrounded by rocks and shoals to a distance of 0.2
Heming Rocks extend about 1.5 miles NE from White Rock;
4.44 mile, except on its E side. A beacon, 9.4m high, lies near the
the highest rock is 6m high, and the outermost is 2.1m high and summit of the island.
about 1 mile offshore. Niger Rock lies about 0.5 mile NW of Elizabeth Island.
4.46

Coral Point, about 6 miles NNW of White Rock, is sur-

4.44

rounded by coral reef. Trincomalee Bay—Northwest Side

Kevuliya (Foul Point) (8°32'N., 81°19'E.), about 2.8 miles
4.44

NW of Coral Point, is low, covered with coconut trees, and 4.47 Flagstaff Point (8°35'N., 81°15'E.), the NW entrance
forms the SE entrance point of Trincomalee Bay. point of Trincomalee Bay, is the N end of Fort Frederick. It is a
Munayai Paru, a coral patch with large boulders, with a least
4.44 bold promontory with black vertical cliffs on its E side, which
depth of 4.3m and steep-to, lies about 1 mile NNW of Kevuliya gradually diminish in height from 9.1m at Flagstaff Point, to
(Foul Point), and close off a reef extending NW of the point. sea level in a rocky point at the SE corner. The promontory
Tides—Currents.—Near Trincomalee the current sets, as
4.44 gives a wedge-shaped appearance from the N or S as the top of
follows: the headland slopes with the cliffs. The summit, 51m high,
1. October to February—Usually S at 0.5 to 3 knots. with a building and a radio mast marked by a red obstruction
2. March and April—Usually N at 0.5 to 1.3 knots. light on it, is about 0.2 mile from the N point. A large, detached
3. May to July—Generally inappreciable, but irregular rock, with perpendicular sides and a flat top, lies close off the
currents set strongly N and sometimes S. N end of Flagstaff Point.
4. August—Usually N at 0.5 to 1.3 knots. The Maidan, an open grassy space between the fort and the
4.47

5. September—Same as for May to July. town of Trincomalee, is the SW end of Fort Frederick, where
there is a fortification wall, 15m high, with bastions at each an-
Approaches to Trincomalee Harbor gle. The white gateway of the fort, on the S front, is very con-
spicuous from S, as is the Irrigation Office, a large white
4.45 Trincomalee Harbor is approached through Trin- building near the sea, on the S front.
comalee Bay, which is entered between Kevuliya (Foul Point) Dutch Bay lies between Fort Frederick and Dutch Point,
4.47

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 135

about 0.7 mile S. It has low sandy shores, and the flatland, on mond Hill.
which the S part of Trincomalee is built, stretches back to Trin- Clappenburg Point, the W entrance point of Trincomalee
4.49

comalee Harbor. Dutch Point, 34m high to the tops of the trees, Harbor, lies about 1.3 miles N of Marble Point. It is the E ex-
has a cliffy and rocky sea face. tremity of a narrow cockscomb ridge, extending about 0.5 mile
The N part of Dutch Bay is shoal and rocky, and Pra Malai, a
4.47 WSW and forming a straight bare cliff on its S side; the ridge
small rocky islet, lies about 91m offshore. The white dome of has two summits, 33 and 30m high, and small shrubs grow
the Roman Catholic Church, showing above the trees, is con- along the crest. About 0.3 mile WSW of Clappenburg Point,
spicuous about 0.5 mile NW of Dutch Point. The Naval Com- the cliffs are broken to the waterline by a precipitous gap,
missioner’s House, a white flat-topped two-story structure, spanned by a narrow causeway. The part E of the gap is known
with a pillared veranda and lying among trees, is conspicuous as Clappenburg Island.
about 137m farther N. A conspicuous masonry beacon, 3m high, painted in black
4.49

Anchorage.—During the height of the Southwest Monsoon,

4.47 and white bands, and surmounted by a disc topmark, lies on
Dutch Bay will be found to be a more convenient anchorage for Clappenburg Point.
boat work than Trincomalee Harbor, as there is an excellent lee Clappenburg Hill, 105m high and covered with dense jungle,
4.49

for landing anywhere along the shore, and as a rule, no swell. rises to a double summit, named Kari Malai Utu Malai, about 1
The best anchorage, in 12m, lies with Dutch Point bearing mile WSW of Clappenburg Point.
174°, distant about 0.5 mile. Grommet Rock, awash, lies about 0.5 mile S of Clappenburg
4.49

Caution.— Multiple wrecks lie between Flagstaff Point and

4.47 Point. The rock is often not visible on a calm day, but during
Chapel Hill within the 20m contour line. the Southwest Monsoon the sea usually breaks over it. A 2.3m
Rocky Point, about 0.3 mile S of Dutch Point, is the NE end
4.47 patch, marked by a buoy, lies about 0.2 mile NE of Grommet
of Ostenburg Ridge. The point is narrow and cliffy, and extends Rock.
about 0.3 mile NE in a series of remarkable knife-edged rocks; Minden Rock, with a least depth of 3.7m, and Nade Munai
4.49

among these rocks is a rocky pillar that very conspicuous from Paar, a 2.3m patch, lie about 0.3 and 0.5 mile, respectively, SE
the N or S. The rocks forming the point diminish in height of Clappenburg Point. These steep-to dangers are seldom
gradually, and end in a shoal ridge about 91m outside the out- marked by breakers or show in any way.
ermost rock, where it is steep-to. A dangerous wreck, best seen Tides—Currents.—Near Round Island, a current, apparent-
4.49

on the chart, lies close NE of Rocky Point near the 20m curve. ly tidal, runs ESE and WSW, sometimes attaining a velocity of
1.5 knots.
4.48 Chapel Point (8°33'N., 81°15'E.), nearly 1 mile S of A current has been experienced off Norway Point, setting
4.49

Rocky Point, is rocky with a rounded base, behind which the NE at a velocity of 2 knots, out of Koddiyar Bay.
land rises steeply to Chapel Hill, 103m high. The hill forms the
NE end of Elephant Ridge, and is covered with jungle; the re- Trincomalee Harbor (8°33'N., 81°13'E.)
mainder of the ridge is more sparsely wooded, and between the
trees, are long vertical streaks and spaces of red earth. World Port Index No. 49290
Chapel Island, about 0.2 mile SSE of Chapel Point, is flat in
4.48

its N part with trees and bushes, but the higher portion is bare 4.50 Trincomalee Harbor, entered between Clappenburg
rock, the summit consisting of a large square-topped and flat- Point (8°32'N., 81°13'E.) and Elephant Point, is the only en-
fronted boulder. tirely sheltered natural harbor in the South Asian subcontinent.
Chapel Rock, about 0.5 mile NE of Chapel Point, is 0.9m
4.48 The shores of the harbor are indented by picturesque bays and
high; a rocky ridge, with a rock awash at its outer end, extends coves separated by hilly, wooded points; it also encloses sever-
about 0.2 mile NE from the rock. al islands and islets.
Elephant Point, about 1.3 miles SW of Chapel Point, is low
4.48 The harbor, which was formerly a naval base, is now under
4.50

and can be easily recognized by the low bastion of an old fort development, to include improved alongside berthing, as a
at its extremity. Hoods Tower lies near the summit of a 77m commercial port.
hill, about 0.3 mile NE of Elephant Point. There are considerable depths extending about 1.3 miles
4.50

Elephant Island, about 0.4 mile ESE of Elephant Point, is

4.48 within the harbor entrance, then gradually shoaling with a fair
36m high to the tops of the trees. The W part of the island is a degree of regularity into the various bays and coves. Vessels of
narrow rocky point terminating in a small cone, 2.4m high. almost any size can obtain anchorage in the harbor.
Elephant Rock, with a least depth of 1.2m, lies about 183m
4.48 Winds—Weather.—The climate of Trincomalee is general-
4.50

W of the SW end of Elephant Island. ly healthy. The dry season is from May to September, during
the Southwest Monsoon, although there is a tendency for
Trincomalee Bay—West Side showers in the afternoon and evening. A wind sometimes de-
velops in the harbor causing small breaking waves which may
4.49 Marble Point (8°31'N., 81°13'E.), about 0.8 mile endanger boats.
WSW of Round Island, appears from the E as a small round During the Northeast Monsoon, there is a heavy swell on the
4.50

hill, 30m high, terminating S in a low, rocky ridge, about 0.9m outer beaches; wind and rain storms of short duration, but vio-
high. lent, occur.
Diamond Hill, a wooded and fairly conspicuous peak, 79m
4.49 Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Trincomalee is 0.7m at
4.50

high, rises about 0.5 mile NNW of Marble Point. White Top MHWS, and 0.5m at MHWN.
Rock, 7m high, lies close offshore about 0.2 mile NE of Dia- During November and December, the months with the great-
4.50

Pub. 173
136 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

est average rainfall, the surface water is practically always run- buoys. The W shoal, marked NW by a buoy, has a least depth
ning out of the harbor, at velocities varying from 0.5 to 1 knot of 4.6m.
in mid-channel, but with a greater velocity near the shore. Af- Dockyard Shoal, consisting of two rocky heads with depths
4.50

ter passing Elephant Point, the current sets SE at a velocity of 1 of less than 1.8m, lies about 0.5 mile N of Ostenburg Point
knot. (8°32.5'N., 81°13.3'E.). Buoys are situated close NW of the in-
At a depth of 18.3m, and probably at lesser depths, the water
4.50 ner head and close SW of the outer head.
flows inward at half the velocity of the outgoing surface cur- York Shoal, about 0.3 mile NNW of Dockyard Shoal, lies
4.50

rent. Little is known of the current inside Trincomalee Harbor about 0.4 mile WSW of York Island and its marked S by a
during the Southwest Monsoon. buoy. Keroela Rock, close N of York Shoal, has a least depth of
Depths—Limitations.—Although there are a number of
4.50 4.1m.
piers in various parts of the harbor, the large majority of cargo Aspect.—The W side of Trincomalee Harbor is indented by
4.50

is transferred by lighters. four principal bays, which also contain several coves.
Prima Jetty, a T-headed jetty, is situated in Malay Cove close
4.50 Clappenburg Bay lies on the N side of Clappenburg Island.
4.50

SW of Round Point. Clappenburg Wharf lies at the head of the bay.

Oiling Berth No. 1 (Oil Bunkering Jetty) lies on the S side of
4.50 Great Sober Island (Pambuttivu), in the SW part of the har-
4.50

China Bay about 0.2 mile W of Round Point. Oiling Berth No. bor, is dominated by Gravel Hill, 70m high, the wooded sum-
2 and Oiling Berth No. 3, located about 0.2 mile W of Oiling mit of the island. A ruined causeway joins the NW part of
Berth No. 1, are in ruins. Great Sober Island to a boulder-strewn spit extending NE from
Ashroff Quay, a T-headed pier, extends SE from the NW side
4.50 the coast.
of China Bay. Small Sober Island, 35m high, lies close E of Great Sober Is-
4.50

Tokyo Cement Jetty, located on the NW side of Cod Bay, is a

4.50 land, to which it is connected by a ruined causeway. Eagle
detached dolphin jetty, with a mooring buoy at each end. A Point, the E extremity of Small Sober Island, is marked close S
conveyor extends NW to the shore. by a beacon. A lighted buoy is moored NE of the beacon. A
Further information on the berthing facilities in Trincomalee
4.50 small 12.8m patch, existence doubtful, lies about 0.2 mile N of
can be found in the table titled Trincomalee—Berth Informa- Eagle Point.
tion. Orlando Cove lies N of Little Sober Island, on the E side of
4.50

Pandi Aricha Munai Paar (8°32'N., 81°13'E.), a shoal with

4.50 Great Sober Island.
a least depth of 4.6m, lies about 0.2 mile ENE of Clappenburg Round Point, the N entrance point of Malay Cove, lies about
4.50

Point, the W entrance point of the harbor. 1 mile NW of Eagle Point. Sister Shoal, with a least depth of
Round Point Shoals consists of two shoal patches, about
4.50 0.6m, lies in the entrance of Malay Cove, about 0.5 mile S of
183m apart, lying about 0.1 mile N and 0.2 mile NW, respec- Round Point. A 3.7m shoal patch and a foul area lie SW of Sis-
tively of Round Point (8°33.4'N., 81°12.3'E.). There is a least ter Shoal and are best seen on the chart.
depth of 3.7m over the E shoal, which is marked E and NW by

Trincomalee—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Malay Cove Prima Ceylon Terminal
14,187 dwt/
Outer Prima Jetty 181m 13.0m 229m — 21.0m Grain and breakbulk.
8,481 gt
Grain and breakbulk. Berth-
82,787 dwt/
Inner Prima Jetty 242m — 229m 5.9m 32.0m ing length of 312m (including
45,055 gt
dolphins).
Tokyo Cement Terminal
Cement, clinker, and gypsum.
Cement Jetty 105m 10.0m 176m 8.6m 28.0m 35,283 dwt Berthing length of 255m (in-
cluding dolphins).
Trincomalee Oil Terminal
Clean products. Berthing
Oil Boom Jetty
30m 10.0m 200m 9.75m 32.0m 47,370 dwt length of 123m (including
(OBJ)
dolphins).
Ashroff Terminal
63,227 dwt/
Ashroff Jetty 250m 13.0m 250m 12.5m 32.0m Cruise vessels and breakbulk.
35,812 gt

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 137

China Bay lies N of Malay Cove and is separated from it by

4.50 1. Flag Q by day, or red and white lights, vertically dis-
a promontory terminating in Round Point, on which Mount played, at night—The vessel has not yet received pratique.
Challenger lies, rising to a height of 48m, 0.4 mile WSW of the 2. House flag under the ensign at the stern, by day, or
point. white light under stern light, at night—Restricted pratique
A conspicuous flour mill and silos, marked by red obstruc-
4.50 has been granted.
tion lights, stand 0.2 mile WSW of Round Point. On the S side, 3. Signal QQQ by day, or three green lights, vertically
the mill is fronted by Prima Jetty, used by bulk carriers to sup- disposed, at night—The vessel is infected.
ply the mill. Contact Information.—See the table titled Trincomalee—
4.50

Cod Bay, at the head of the harbor, is entered between Mid-

4.50 Contact Information.
dle Point (8°34'N., 81°12'E.) and Cod Point, about 0.2 mile
WNW. Trincomalee—Contact Information
Railway Spit Buoy is moored close E of two shoal patches
4.50

about 0.3 mile SW of Middle Point. Port

Elephant Point, previously described in paragraph 4.48, is
4.50
VHF VHF channels 10, 12, and 16
the E entrance point of Trincomalee Harbor, and the SW ex-
Telephone 94-26-223-3600 (ext. 221)
tremity of Elephant Ridge.
Ostenburg Point, about 0.5 mile NW of Elephant Point, lies at
4.50 E-mail info@slpa.lk
the SW extremity of Ostenburg Ridge. Ostenburg Light is shown Web site http://www.slpa.lk
from a lantern on the SW corner of a wall of a conspicuous
building, about 1,137m N of Ostenburg Point. A radio mast is Deputy Harbormaster
situated about 0.8 mile E of the light. Elephant Ridge and Osten- 94-26-222-2472 (office)
burg Ridge, two straight-topped hills, parallel to each other, form Telephone
the S part of the E shore of Trincomalee Harbor. 94-71-868-8346 (mobile)
Town Bay and Powder Bay lie in the area between Osten-
4.50
Facsimile 94-26-222-2472
burg Point and Plantain Point, about 1.7 miles NW. Powder Is-
land, separating the two bays, is 9m high to the tops of the trees E-mail dhm@slpa.lk
and is connected to the coast by a causeway. Pilots
Powder Rocks, a group of low black rocks, lie about 0.5 mile
4.50

SW of Powder Island. The highest rock is 2.7m high, with Telephone 94-26-223-3446
some mangrove bushes on it. Powder Spit Buoy marks the W
end of shoal water surrounding Powder Rocks. Anchorage.—A good anchorage can be found in almost any
4.50

Plantain Point is the SW end of a narrow wooded peninsula;

4.50 part of Trincomalee Harbor during fair weather. The most shel-
Orr's Hill, 25m high, about 0.5 mile NW of the point, is the tered anchorage in the harbor is in Orlando Cove, in 28m, with
summit of the ridge. A white cylindrical beacon stands on the the NE point of Great Sober Island bearing 316°.
point, with a lookout tower about 0.2 mile NE. There are a Anchorage in the approaches to the port is only permitted to
4.50

number of houses on the point, partially obscured by trees. A vessels awaiting a pilot, but vessels may find sheltered and
shoal spit extends about 0.1 mile SW of Plantain Point. convenient anchorage in Dutch Bay, Orlando Cove, and NW of
Yard Cove is entered W of Plantain Point.
4.50 Round Island.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is available during
4.50
Directions.—Approaching from the S, pass 2 miles E of
4.50

daylight hours only. Pilots board 0.2 mile N of Round Island. Foul Point, steering 314° until Round Island bears 235°; steer
Vessels awaiting a pilot should anchor 0.5 mile NW of
4.50 for it on that bearing until the beacon on Clappenburg Point
Round Island; if arriving between 1800 and 2100, vessels may bears 295°. Then head for the beacon on that bearing until
be brought in at the discretion of the Deputy Master Attendant. Round Island Light bears 168°, when course should be altered
Vessels can communicate with the pilot station via VHF and
4.50 NNW into the harbor, keeping the same light bearing 168°
by telephone (94-26-223-3446). astern.
Vessels embarking a pilot should preferably lower an accom-
4.50
Approaching from the N, keep Foul Point Light bearing 179°
4.50

modation ladder; if this is not practicable they should let down until Round Island Light bears 236°; steer for it on that bearing
a pilot ladder and two stout man ropes. until the beacon on Clappenburg Point bears 295°,then proceed
Regulations.—There is a naval signal station near Osten-
4.50
as directed above.
burg Point. At night, approaching from S, do not bring Foul Island Light
4.50

The vessel’s ETA, together with a dangerous cargo declara-

4.50
to bear less than 193° until Round Island Light bears 247° on
tion, should be sent through Colombo at least 24 hours in ad- this bearing the sector changes from red to white. Keeping in
vance. the white sector, steer for the same light until Foul Point Light
Vessels may enter during daylight hours only.
4.50
bears E. Then alter course to W, keeping Foul Point Light bear-
The Port Health Officer boards vessels after arrival at the an-
4.50 ing 090° astern, and passing through the red sector of Round
chorage; pratique for vessels arriving from another port in Sri Island Light. On entering the white sector of Round Island
Lanka is automatic. Light, alter course to 348° keeping the same light astern in the
Signals.—The following signals, consisting of flags from
4.50 white sector, bearing 168°.
the International Code of Signals, are required from all vessels Approaching from the N at night, keep Foul Point Light
4.50

arriving off the port: bearing 179° until Round Island Light bears 236°. Keeping in

Pub. 173
138 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

the white sector, steer for Round Island Light on the same bear- this danger.
ing until Foul Point Light bears E, then proceed as directed Fairlie Rocks, awash, extend 0.5 mile offshore E of Nilaweli
4.51

above. Hill. Diomede Rock, awash, and a 3m depth lie about 1.8 miles
Caution.—All anchorages and landings in the approaches to
4.50 NE and 2.3 miles ENE, respectively, of Nilaweli Hill.
Trincomalee and those within the harbor are subject to security Pigeon Island, 30m high and rocky, lies about 2 miles ESE of
4.51

clearance from the Sri Lanka Navy and prior notification to the Ava Point. Shoals extend E, and a rocky islet lies about 0.7
pilot station before use. mile SSE of the island.
An entry prohibited area, best seen on the chart, extends
4.50 Caution.—At night or in thick weather, vessels should not
4.51

from Ostenburg Point NE to Pepperpot Jetty, in the SE portion approach the coast between Elizabeth Point and Pigeon Island
of Town Bay. in depths of less than 46m.
Firing practice areas are centered 17 miles NE and 23 miles
4.50 Foul ground extends about 1.3 miles ENE from Ava Point.
4.51

ESE of Trincomalee Harbor.

4.52 Andambanmala, a rounded hill,115m high, lies about
Sri Lanka—East Coast—Trincomalee to Point 5 miles WNW of Ava Point. Pinnacle Rock, a sharp finger-like
Pedro peak, 65m high, is conspicuous about 1 mile NE of Andamban-
mala.
4.51 Back Bay, entered between Flagstaff Point(8°35'N., Flat Rock, 6.4m high, lies about 5 miles NW of Ava Point.
4.52

81°15'E.) and Elizabeth Point, about 3 miles NNW, is largely Pinnacle Rock, 1.5m high, with a shoal area extending E, lies
used by local craft trading with Trincomalee during the South- about 1 mile SSE of Flat Rock.
west Monsoon. Koduwakattumalai (Boulder Point) (8°52'N., 81°05'E.) is
4.52

The SE side of the bay, formed by the NW side of Fort Fred-

4.51 the N of two rocky headlands separated by a sandy bay. A
erick, has a rocky shore with steep, wooded, and grassy slopes framework tower, 61m high, is conspicuous about 0.8 mile S of
above. The W shore of the bay, between Fort Frederick and the point. Another tower stands about 2.3 miles farther SSE. A
Red Bluff, about 3 miles NNW, is formed by a smooth sweep group of rocks, one of which is 6m high, lies about 2 miles NW
of sand, backed by a low shore fringed with coconut palms; of the point. Good radar returns have been reported from the
farther inland is a low range of wooded hills. Red Bluff con- point at 17 miles.
sists of two patches of bare earthy cliffs, 14m high and covered Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, vessels may
4.52

with jungle. obtain sheltered anchorage up to 2 miles offshore S of Kodu-

Back Bay Light is shown during the Southwest Monsoon
4.51 wakattumalai, in depths of 18.3 to 28m, mud, and farther NW
from a house about 0.8 mile WSW of Flagstaff Point. along the coast, in 16.5 to 18.3m.
Bazaar Rock, 0.6m high, lies on the outer part of a reef, sur-
4.51 Shoulder Point, a low rocky headland, lies about 6 miles NW
4.52

rounded by foul ground, extending about 0.3 mile NNE from of Koduwakattumalai. It is fringed by reefs with two rocks 4.5
the beach, about 1 mile W of Flagstaff Point. and 6.1m high. A light is shown from the point. A dangerous
Elizabeth Point is low and not easily distinguished, the land
4.51 reef, on which the sea breaks, and which was not examined in
behind being slightly elevated, wooded, and fronted by coconut 1945, lies about 1 mile SE of Shoulder Point.
trees. Coral reef extends about 183m offshore SW of the point. Black Point (9°06'N., 80°54'E.) has conspicuous cliffs, 37m
4.52

Lively Rocks lie at the E end of a shoal spit extending about

4.51 high, close N. The entrance to a lagoon, N of the cliffs, is also
0.5 mile E of Elizabeth Point. Two of these rocks are always conspicuous.
above-water; one of these is 0.6m high. The sea nearly always Mullaittivu Shoals (9°18'N., 80°51'E.), with depths less
4.52

breaks on another of these rocks. than 8m, extends for about 3.5 miles N, as seen on the chart.
Anchorage may be taken anywhere in Back Bay during the
4.51 Rocks lie about 2 miles W. During the Northeast Monsoon the
Southwest Monsoon, but it is dangerous during the Northeast sea breaks heavily on the N side of Mullaittivu Shoals.
Monsoon. The most convenient berth, in 14m, sand, lies with Caution.—Vessels should not approach the coast within 2
4.52

Flagstaff Point bearing 137°, distant about 0.6 mile. miles between Shoulder Point and Mullaittivu Shoals; there are
The coast between Elizabeth Point and Koduwakattu Malai,
4.51 no reported off-lying dangers with the possible exception of a
about 17 miles NW, consists of long, sandy beaches fronting 9.1m patch and an 11.3m patch, about 1 mile NE and 3.3 miles
several lagoons. The shore is generally wooded and backed by N, respectively, of Shoulder Point.
low hills. Reefs and foul ground extend over 1.5 miles offshore Less water has been reported (2001) in the vicinity of Mul-
4.52

between Elizabeth Point and Ava Point, about 7 miles NNW, laittivu Shoals, as seen on the chart.
and for about 1 mile offshore between Ava Point and Kodu- A dangerous wreck, position approximate and seen on the
4.52

wakattu Malai, about 10 miles farther NW. chart, lies in position 9°16'N, 80°52'E.
Caution.—A number of rocks and shoals, lie off this section
4.51

of coast, and uncharted dangers may lie within the 20m curve. 4.53 A conspicuous hillock lies about 4.5 miles NW of
Nilaveli Hill, 55m high and shaped like a sugarloaf, is con-
4.51 Mullaittivu.
spicuous about 3 miles NNW of Elizabeth Point; radio masts About 8 miles farther NW, a gap appears distinctive between
4.53

are conspicuous about 1.5 miles farther N. the bearings of 200° and 248°; a conspicuous tree lies on the
Malai Porru Putta Paar, with a least depth of 4.3m, lies about
4.51 NW side of the gap.
1 mile NE of Elizabeth Point. This dangerous shoal is steep-to Another very distinctive gap in the coast, with a conspicuous
4.53

and the sea does not break over it. The E extremities of Fort tree SE, lies about 3.5 miles NW of the above gap.
Frederick and Chapel Island, in line bearing 179°, lead E of Chundikkulam, about 2.5 miles farther NW, has several gaps
4.53

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 139

SE which are not always visible, but are conspicuous at times. duce coastal visibility to about 3 miles.
Kaddaikadu (9°34'N., 80°29'E.), about 8 miles NW of
4.53 The best time to make the obelisk is during the forenoon, so
4.54

Chundikkulam, has a church which is conspicuous between the as to arrive at the S end of the channel about noon. The obelisk
bearings of 180° and 200°. will then be visible from the N until the high trees and light
Pedro Channel South Obelisk, a white obelisk, 15m high,
4.53 structure at Point Pedro are made out, and there will be no dif-
surmounted by a white diamond, is conspicuous about 2 miles ficulty in avoiding Ethiopia Shoal.
NW of Kaddaikadu; the top of the obelisk has a height of 22m.
Saint Anthony’s Church lies 4.5 miles NW of the obelisk.
4.53
Palk Strait
Saint Mary’s Church, with a red roof, at Kudarappu, about 4
miles farther NW, is visible at intervals between the trees. 4.55 Palk Strait (10°00'N., 80°00'E.), forming the N en-
Pedro Channel Middle Beacon, a concrete beacon, painted in
4.53 trance to Palk Bay, lies between the N coast of Sri Lanka and
black and white bands, lies about 1.3 miles NNW of Saint the E coast of India. The strait is occupied largely by banks,
Mary’s Church. with depths of from 5.5 to 9.1m, and by numerous shoals with
Some very conspicuous sand dunes lie near the coast about
4.53 less depths over then.
4.5 miles NW of Saint Mary’s Church. A Hindu shrine, visible The three principal entrance channels are South Channel,
4.55

from seaward and close to a red-roofed church, stands about Middle Channel, and North Channel. South Channel, consist-
1.5 miles NW of the sand dunes. ing of East Channel and West Channel, and North Channel are
There are several other Hindu shrines at Manalkadu and Kat-
4.53 generally used by local vessels. Large vessels use Pedro Chan-
kovalam, about 2.5 and 5 miles, respectively, NNW of the sand nel and West Channel.
dunes. Manalkadu Church was reported to be distinctive be- Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise in Palk Strait (Point Pe-
4.55

tween the bearings of 188° and 270°. dro) is 0.7m at MHWS, and 0.5m at MHWN.
The coast between Katkovalam and Point Pedro is lined with
4.53 The tidal currents in Palk Strait and Palk Bay are irregular,
4.55

casuarina trees and palms, about 21m high. being influenced by the prevailing winds. During February,
March, and April the tidal currents are more regular, changing
4.54 Point Pedro (9°50'N., 80°15'E.), the NE point of Sri every 6.5 hours at high and low water in the bay. They set W
Lanka, is marked by Point Pedro Light, shown from a white during the rising tide and E during the falling tide at Trin-
masonry tower, 32m high. comalee.
Point Pedro Shoal, with depths of less than 9.1m, lies rough-
4.54 From West Channel to Delft Island, about 18 miles SSW, the
4.55

ly parallel with the coast and from 3 to as much as 8 miles off- tidal currents follow the direction of the coast, setting SW and
shore. From abreast Point Pedro, it stretches about 23 miles SE during the falling tide at Trincomalee. At springs, the cur-
SE, and several miles NW. Stork Shoal, with a least depth of rents reach a velocity of nearly 1 knot in Delft Channel and
1.8m, about 6 miles ESE of Point Pedro, and Ethiopia Shoal, about 0.8 knot in the West Channel.
with a depth of 2.3m, about 3.5 miles farther SE, are the two Currents generally set with the wind, except in May and Oc-
4.55

shallowest heads. tober when they are variable. During February, March, and
Pedro Channel, the passage between Pedro Shoal and the
4.54 April, in a calm, there is no current in the entrance of Palk Bay.
coast, has depths of 11.4 to 14.6m. In the middle of Palk Bay, the current sets leeward in either
4.55

Point Pedro, a town and port open from mid-February to

4.54 monsoon.
mid-October, lies about 0.8 mile W of Point Pedro. There is a When a N current is running outside Palk Strait, a current
4.55

custom house with a red roof and several bungalows in the vi- setting out of the strait is usually found. When a S current is
cinity. It has been reported (2002) that a small dolphin jetty at running, it is presumed that the reverse takes place. Close in-
Point Pedro can work lighters of up to 2.5m draft. shore, tidal currents are felt, and they vary the strength of the
Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained in any part
4.54 current in the vicinity of Middle Banks.
of Pedro Channel, except in the prohibited anchorage area near Depths—Limitations.—South Banks (9°57'N., 79°57'E.)
4.55

Point Pedro. consist of a number of shoals with depths of less than 5.5m.
Directions.—A vessel passing outside of Pedro Point Shoal
4.54 Depths of 7.3 to 9.1m extend E of these banks to join Point Pe-
should not approach land inside depths of 37m by day, or in- dro Shoal, N of Point Pedro. A depth of 5.5m was reported
side depths of 46m at night, between Pigeon Inland (8°43'N., (1973) to lie in approximate position 10°01'N, 80°03'E.
81°12'E.) and Point Pedro. Middle Banks consist of numerous shoals, with depths of
4.55

A vessel proceeding through Pedro Channel should pass

4.54 less than 5.5m, lying N of South Banks. The banks include
Mullaittivu Shoals in a depth of not less than 37m, and should Eight Foot Bank, with a least depth of 2.3m, about 6.5 miles S
not approach the coast NW of these shoals inside depths of of Point Calimere (10°17'N., 79°52'E.).
18.3m, until Pedro Channel South Obelisk bears 280°. The South Channel consists of E Channel and West Channel.
4.55

coast should then be approached on this bearing, as discolored East Channel, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies between South
water and shallower depths than charted have been reported in Banks and Point Pedro Shoal; a depth of 5.5m was reported
this vicinity. This course leads N of the shoals extending NW (1973) about 16.5 miles NW of Point Pedro. The channel, with
from Mullaittivu and S of the SE end of Point Pedro Shoal. Af- a least depth of 10.1m in the fairway, lies between South Banks
ter clearing the latter shoal, alter course NW keeping about 1.5 and the shoal water extending NW from Karaitivu (9°44'N.,
miles off the coast. 79°53'E.). A least depth of 10.7m could be carried (1944)
Caution.—During SW winds, a red sand haze forms over
4.54 through West Channel over a width of 0.3 mile, but local
the land between Mullaittivu and Point Pedro; the haze may re- knowledge is necessary to ensure safe navigation in this depth.

Pub. 173
140 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

Middle Channel, between South Banks and Middle Banks, is

4.55 Anchorage for vessels waiting to berth can be obtained about
4.57

about 4 miles wide, with a least depth of 4.6m in the center of 0.5 mile NW of the breakwater head. A pilot will board at the
the channel; elsewhere the least depth in this channel is 5.5m. anchorage. Vessels not supplying the cement works anchor off
North Channel, between Middle Banks and Point Calimere
4.55 the beach near Western Bastion in good weather.
to the N, has a least depth of 5.9m over a width of about 1.8 The coast between Kankesanturai and the NW extremity of
4.57

miles, between the shore bank fringing Point Calimere and a the Jaffna Peninsula, about 9 miles WSW, is bordered by pal-
4.1m patch about 4 miles SSE of the point. myra and coconut palms, and fringed by coral reef. A conspic-
Caution.—It has been reported (1993) that vessels may not
4.55 uous sand hill lies about 1 mile W of Matakal, a village about 5
use Palk Strait and the E territorial waters of Sri Lanka without miles WSW of Kankesanturai.
prior permission of the Sri Lankan Naval Command. A bank, with depths of 5.5m and less, extends up to 2 miles
4.57

A stranded wreck lies in Middle Channel SE of Middle

4.55 offshore in places off the NW end of the Jaffna Peninsula. A
Banks. Other dangerous wrecks in Palk Bay and Palk Strait are 3.2m coral patch lies near the outer edge of this bank, nearly
best seen on the chart. 1.8 miles NW of the conspicuous sand hill W of Matakal.
Sri Lanka has prohibited use of Palk Strait and waters east of
4.55 Karaitivu (9°44'N., 79°53'E.), off the NW end of the Jaffna
4.57

Sri Lanka from any unauthorized vessels due to acts of terror- Peninsula, has a sandhill, 6.1m high, on the NE point of the is-
ism. Sri Lanka requires all vessels in this vicinity contact the land; the sand hill has some palms on it and is conspicuous
Sri Lankan Command by telephone (941-42-3019) or by fac- from NW. A light is shown from a white masonry tower, 29.5m
simile (941-43-3986) if they wish to enter this area. high, on Kovilan Point, the NW extremity of Karaitivu.
A flat, with depths of less than 5.5m, fronts the W side of
4.57

Palk Strait—South Side (Sri Lanka) Karaitivu, extending up to 3 miles offshore. Several shoals,
with depths of 3.7 to 5.5m, lie N and NW of this flat, and with
4.56 The S shore of Palk Strait is formed by the N coast of Kovilan Point bearing between 125° and 075°; the outermost
the Jaffna Peninsula, which extends about 21 miles WSW from of these shoals, with a least depth of 4.1m, lies about 5.8 miles
Point Pedro (9°50'N., 80°15'E.). This coast is generally low WNW of Kovilan Point.
and sandy, with some cliffs and sandhills visible from seaward.
It is backed by salt water lagoons and stony plains.The Jaffna Palk Strait—North Side (India)
Peninsula is most fertile, being irrigated from numerous wells.
The coast from Point Pedro to Palmyra Point, the N extremity
4.56 4.58 The N shore of Palk Strait consists of the low-lying
of Sri Lanka, then to Tondaimanar, 4.5 miles farther WSW, is coast between Point Calimere (10°17'N., 79°52'E.) and a low
lined with palmyra and coconut palms from 21 to 27m high, and point, about 39 miles WSW, which projects from the coast
fringed by a narrow reef extending up to 183m offshore. Ton- close S of the entrance to the Vellar River.
daimanar is marked by a cliff, 7.6m high; the lagoon entrance A drying sand bank, inside of which local craft find shelter
4.58

close W serves as a leading mark for East Channel. in bad weather, extends about 1.5 miles NE of the point.
Between Tondaimanar and Kankesanturai, about 5.5 miles
4.56 Between Point Calimere and Atirampattinam, about 29 miles
4.58

W, the coast is stony, lined with tall palms, and fringed with a W, the coast consists of mud flats, covered with mangrove
reef. Vessels should not approach within 0.5 mile of this coast. bushes, and flooded during heavy rains and high spring tides.
Atirampattinam (Adirampatnam) is a port of refuge for local
4.58

4.57 Kankesanturai (9°49'N., 80°03'E.) (World Port Index craft between May and September. It has a considerable local
No. 49300) is the chief port of call on the N coast of Sri Lanka, trade, principally with Sri Lanka.
for vessels during the Southwest Monsoon. It has considerable Shaullavanaigenpatam Column, about 6 miles SW of Ati-
4.58

trade with ports in S India, and there is a custom house. rampattinam, is conspicuous and visible 15 miles.
There are two stone bastions on the beach and a small pier. A
4.57 Anchorage may be obtained, in about 5.8m, soft mud, with
4.58

light is shown from a round masonry tower, 22.3m high, near the white tall mast at Atirampattinam bearing 000°, about 4.5
the W bastion. miles, and with Shaullavanaigenpatam Column bearing 281°.
Cargo boats, which may be used as lighters, anchor off the
4.57 Smaller vessels may anchor closer to the town. With S or SE
beach during good weather; lighterage operations are only con- winds, a heavy swell sets on this coast making the anchorage
ducted from March to October during the Southwest Monsoon. unsafe, but during the Northeast Monsoon it is considered
A chimney, about 61m high, of the cement works, is conspicu-
4.57 good.
ous about 1 mile WSW of Kankesanturai. There are two radio A spit of hard sand, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends
4.58

masts at Jaffna Airport, about 2.5 miles ESE of the port. 13 miles ESE from the low point close S of the entrance to the
A breakwater extends about 0.5 mile NW from the shore 0.5
4.57 Vellar River. A detached 5.5m patch lies about 1 mile SE of the
mile W of Western Bastion. A spur extends 0.2 mile W from outer end of the spit.
the breakwater near its NW end; a quay for vessels discharging A heavy swell generally runs over the spit and it should not
4.58

coal and gypsum for the cement works was under construction be approached from the E within a depth of 11m.
in 1983 on the S side of the spur. Large vessels should use Pedro Channel and West Channel.
4.58

There is a berth for coastal vessels drawing up to 4.2m on the

4.57 The least depth in the fairway of West Channel is 10.1m.
SW side of the breakwater near its root. Vessels intending to enter through South Channel should
4.58

Vessels of 20,000 dwt, with a draft of 7.3m, berth between

4.57 make for a position about 12.5 miles N of Tondaimanar
two mooring buoys at the harbor entrance until the quay has (9°49'N., 80°08'E.); when the lagoon entrance close W of the
been completed. village can be distinguished, it should be steered for bearing

Pub. 173
 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere 141

185° until depths increase to 11m. Then alter course W towards most frequented during the Southwest Monsoon.
the entrance to West Channel, keeping in depths of 11 to Hammenhiel Fort, the quarantine station, lies about 0.3 mile
4.60

12.8m. SW of the SW extremity of Karaitivu. A light is shown from a

At the E entrance to West Channel, with Kovilan Light bear-
4.58 structure on the fort.
ing about 158° and the obelisk on the N end of Analaitivu Anchorage may be obtained, in 7.3m, sand, with the N point
4.60

(9°41'N., 79°47'E.) bearing about 207°, a course of 281° of Eluvaitivu bearing 135°, distant 1 mile. Small local vessels
should be made good through West Channel, exercising great anchor, in about 3.7 to 5.5m, from 1.5 to 3 miles NW of Fort
care, by keeping in the middle of the fairway to avoid the bank Hammenhiel, and discharge part of their cargo before entering
off Matakal and the shoals extending NW of Karaitivu. port.
Vessels intending to enter Palk Strait through North Channel
4.58

should sound continuously, and if coming from the SE, should 4.61 Delft Island (9°31'N., 79°41'E.) is separated from
not get into depths of less than 14.6m until Point Calimere can Nayinativu by Delft Channel. Tall palm trees are on the W and
be distinguished. NE parts of the island, while the S part is grassland, divided by
Caution.—Many fish traps are laid off the N coast of Sri
4.58 loose stone walls, with trees about 6.1m high. When seen from
Lanka and constitute a danger to powered vessels, especially at some distance N, the island appears as two islands, due to a
night, due to the large blocks of wood and strong moorings at- shallow salt water lake which occupies the middle of the is-
tached to them. land.
A white iron framework beacon, 16.1m high and surmounted
4.61

Palk Bay by a white disc, marks the NW extremity of Delft Island. A

beacon, consisting of a white brick tower with an elevation of
4.59 Palk Bay (9°30'N., 79°30'E.), the continuation S of 14.6m, marks the SE extremity of the island.
Palk Strait, is bounded on the E by the coast of Sri Lanka, on Temporary anchorage, during strong NE winds, may be ob-
4.61

the S by Mannar Island, Adam’s Bridge, and Pamban Island, tained off the W side of Delft Island, with the S end of the high
and on the W by the coast of India. palms bearing 067°.
The bay has general depths of 11 to 12.8m, but on its E side
4.59 The fairway of Delft Channel has a least depth of 9.1m over
4.61

depths of 9.1m and less extend up to 15 miles from the coast of a width of about 1.5 miles between the 10m curve lines off
Sri Lanka, and within it are several islands, rocks, and shoals. Nayinativu and the NE extremity of Delft Island; a depth of
On the S side of the bay depths of less than 9.1m extend up to 7 9.1m can be carried over the N end of the shoal bank which ex-
miles from the coast. The NW part of the bay has not been ful- tends NNE from Delft Island.
ly surveyed. Neduntivu Shoal, with a least depth of 3.7m, lies on the W
4.61

Caution.—Dangerous wrecks and other hazards to naviga-

4.59 side of the channel, and extends from 0.5 mile to 2.5 miles
tion in Palk Strait are best seen on the chart. NNW from the NE extremity of Delft Island.
It is reported (2019) that depths less than charted exist in the
4.59 On the E side of the channel, a narrow detached shoal ridge
4.61

vicinity of Pambam Island. of sand and coral, with depths of 4.9 to 5.5m, lies about 0.6
mile off and nearly parallel with the W side of Nayinativu.
Palk Bay—East Side (Sri Lanka) Kakerativu, about 9.8 miles ESE of Delft Island, is a sandy
4.61

islet, 4.6m high and covered with scrub. A conspicuous white

4.60 A flat, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 10 framework beacon, 16.1m high and surmounted by a white
miles W of the W end of Jaffna Peninsula; several islands and disc, stands on the SW side of the island.
shoals lie on this flat, and enclose a large basin with depths of Palaitivu, 8 miles ENE of Kakerativu, is mostly covered with
4.61

2.3 to 3.2m. coarse grass and scrub, up to 6.1m high. A white tower, 7.6m
Karaitivu (9°44'N., 79°53'E.), the northernmost of the is-
4.60 high, stands near the NE end of the island.
lands, was previously described in paragraph 4.57. A rocky shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m, lies about 4 miles
4.61

Eluvaitivu, about 2.5 miles WSW of the S end of Karaitivu,

4.60 NW of Palaitivu.
is low and covered with tall trees. Jaffna Lagoon, a large, shallow expanse of water, is entered
4.61

Analaitivu, about 1.5 miles SW of Eluvaitivu, is covered

4.60 between Kalmunai Point (9°36'N., 80°03'E.) and Mandaitivu,
with tall trees; a white obelisk, 26.8m high, is conspicuous at about 3 miles W. A white tower, 7.6m high, stands on Kalmu-
its N end. nai Point.
Nayinativu, 1.5 miles S of Analaitivu, also has tall trees on
4.60 A light is shown from Jaffna Obelisk, a white concrete tower
4.61

it; there is a conspicuous small temple, with a red roof, near the about 2 miles NW of Kalmunai Point.
SW end of the island. Jaffna (9°39'N., 80°01'E.), the principal town of the Jaffna
4.61

Punkudutivu, separated from Nayinativu by a channel about

4.60 Peninsula, lies on the N shore of Jaffna Lagoon, about 4 miles
1 mile wide, is planted with some coconut palms. NW of Kalmunai Point.
Velanai, NE of Punkudutivu, is the largest island of the
4.60 A radio mast, 21.3m high and marked by a red obstruction
4.61

group. Mandaitivu, separated from Velanai by a narrow chan- light, stands in Jaffna, about 2.3 miles NW of Jaffna Obelisk.
nel, is marshy in its N end, but there are some coconut palms The Northeast Monsoon prevails at Jaffna from the end of
4.61

on its S end. November to February; the Southwest Monsoon blows from

Kayts (9°42'N., 79°51'E.) is a small port on the N end of Ve-
4.60 the middle of May to October. The prevailing winds are SE
lanai, near the middle of the S side the channel separating Vela- during March and the first half of April.
nai and Karaitivu. The port is open throughout the year, but is Iranaitivu North (9°17'N., 79°59'E.) and Iranaitivu South
4.61

Pub. 173
142 Sector 4. Sri Lanka and India—East Coast—Cape Comorin to Point Calimere

are two low, coral islands, separated by a canoe passage. Ira- moored in the N approach to Pamban Pass, about 0.3 mile NW
naitivu North, the W island, has a village lying among palms in of Kanthe Thuki Reef, and about 0.7 mile WNW of Pamban Is-
its N part; a tower, with an elevation of 16.1m, stands near the land Light.
NE end of the island. Anchorage may be obtained, in 6.7m, mud, good holding
4.63

ground, with Pamban Island Light bearing between 122° and

Palk Bay—South Side 134°, distant 1 mile.
Good anchorage may be obtained, in 10m, mud, with Pam-
4.63

4.62 Talaimannar (9°06'N., 79°43'E.), near the W end of ban Island Light bearing 135°, distant about 3.3 miles.
Mannar Island, is connected to the railway system of Sri Lan- Pamban Pass was previously described in paragraph 4.10.
4.63

ka. A pier extends about 264m N of the coast at Talaimannar; The channel N of the rolling lift bridge over Pamban Pass is
the pier support a double railway track, and has depths of 3m at marked by buoys and beacons.
its head. There is regular ferry service between Talaimannar The coast from Ramen Point (9°17'N., 79°11'E.) to
4.63

and Dhanushkodi, about 19 miles WNW. Devipattanam, about 21 miles NW, is generally low and level.
Mannar Island Light is shown from a conspicuous white
4.62 Kathu Vallimuni Reef, consisting of scattered coral heads,
4.63

concrete tower at the root of the pier. extends up to 0.5 mile offshore, and lies parallel with the coast
Pamban Island and Adam’s Bridge have been previously de-
4.62 for about 1.8 miles W of Ramen Point. There are several heads,
scribed in paragraph 4.11; Mannar Island has been previously which dry 0.6m, at the E end of the reef.
described in paragraph 4.12. Vella Pertumuni Reef extends about 3 miles W of Kathu Val-
4.63

Dhanushkodi (9°11'N., 79°25'E.), about 2 miles NW of

4.62 limuni Reef, from which it is separated by a boat channel.
Lands End, is connected to the railway system of India. A pier, A water tower, 17.7m high, consisting of a red square tank
4.63

for use by vessels of the ferry service between Dhanushkodi on a framework structure, is conspicuous about 3 miles W of
and Talaimannar, extends from the NE coast of Pamban Island Ramen Point.
abreast the town. The pier is 219m long, with depths of 3.4m The town of Attangarai lies on the NW side of the entrance
4.63

on each side of the pier head; the pier carries a double railway of a river, about midway along this stretch of coast. A detached
track. 6.9m patch lies about 7.5 miles NE of the river entrance.
Kachchaitivu (9°23'N., 79°25'E.), about 10 miles SW of
4.62

Delft Island, is 12m high and covered with scrub. There is a Palk Bay—West Side (India)
well and a small shrine on the NE side of the island. Depths of
less than 9.1m extend 1 mile SE of the island. 4.64 The W shore of Palk Bay between the low point S of
Depths of less than 5.5m extend about 2.5 mile NE from the
4.62
the Vellar River (10°04'N., 79°14'E.) and Devipattanam, about
broad peninsula extending N from Pamban Island. 40 miles SW, is generally low and level. Depths of 5.5m and
less extend from 3 to 5 miles off this coast.
4.63 Pamban (9°17'N., 79°13'E.) (World Port Index No. A water tower, 17.7m high, consisting of a red square tank
4.64

49330), administered by a conservator, lies close N of the W on a framework structure, is conspicuous about 3 miles W of
extremity of Pamban Island. Cargo is handled by lighters to Ramen Point.
and from the beach. A light is shown from a tower, 45m high, close S of Amma-
4.64

South and SW winds prevail from April to October. Pamban

4.63

pattinam.
Light is shown from a conspicuous white tower on a sandhill Tondi (9°45'N., 79°01'E.), about 5 miles farther SW, is a
4.64

on the NW point of Pamban Island. NE Beacon, 5.5m high and small port for local coasting craft. Two white masonry bea-
white, lies close N of the light. cons, 4.5m high, mark the port limits. A light stands about 4.5
Kanthe Thuki Reef, composed of partly drying coral heads,
4.63

miles NE of Tondi.
lies between 0.3 and 0.5 mile W of Pamban Island Light. A Anchorage may obtained, in 6m, mud, about 5 miles ESE of
4.64

boat channel between this reef and the coast is used by pilots Tondi, but this position is exposed to all but offshore winds.
when boarding vessels during the Northeast Monsoon. Small vessels anchor nearer the town, in about 4.9m, stiff mud.
Outer Fairway Buoy, painted in black and white checkers, is
4.63

Pub. 173
 143
5.
Sector 5—The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

5.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 5 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 145

SECTOR 5
THE LACCADIVE ISLANDS AND THE MALDIVE ISLANDS

Plan.—This sector describes the islands, atolls, and reefs

5.0 Cherbaniani Reef to NNE by a channel about 17 miles wide,
which make up the Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands. very deep, and free from dangers.
The arrangement of the sector is from N to S. 5.2Byramgore Reef is below-water, except for its SE point,
which dries. Shoal depths lie all around this reef, but the shoal
The Laccadive Islands area on the N side, with depths of 7.3 to 14.6m, is about 2
miles wide and is indicated by overfalls. This N shoal area
5.1 The Laccadive Islands (10°00'N., 72°30'E.), mean- should be avoided as it may be shallower and is encumbered
ing the hundred thousand islands, consist of a group of coral with coral reefs which can be plainly seen by a vessel passing
atolls lying between 115 and 215 miles off the SW coast of In- over them. The coral rocks forming the reef are discernible at
dia; several detached shoals and banks lie off the islands. LW.
5.1The islands are divided into two groups, N and S, separated 5.2Bitra Par, about 24 miles SE of Byramgore Reef, is an atoll
approximately by the parallel of 11°N. The N group, known as which encloses a lagoon. The barrier reef, which dries from 0.3
the Amindivi Islands, consists of Chetlat, Bitra, Kiltan, Kad- to 0.9m, is narrow on its W and N sides, but it increases in
mat (Cardamum), and Amini. The S group, known as the Can- width on its E and S sides. A light is shown from a white
nanore Islands, consists of Agatti, Androth, Pitti (Pitti Islet), framework tower on Bitra Par.
Kavaratti, Suheli Par, and Kalpeni, on the N side of Nine De-
gree Channel, and Minicoy (8°18'N., 73°02'E.), on the S side 5.3 Tree Islet (11°36'N., 72°11'E.), at the N end of the
of Nine Degree Channel. Minicoy lies about 110 miles S of atoll, is about 0.5 mile long in a NW-SE direction and about
other islands of the S group and is of special importance due to 183m wide.
its location in the principal navigational route of the Indian 5.3An opening in the reef, close S of Tree Islet, has a depth of
Ocean. 2.7m; boats can enter the lagoon through this opening. Depths
5.1Each of these islands lies on extensive coral shoals and no within the lagoon are from 5.5 to 7.3m, but it is encumbered
parts of these formations are more than about 4m high. The with coral reefs, drying and awash, especially toward the S
outer edges, which generally enclose a regularly formed la- end.
goon, are higher than the body of these shoals; the lagoons re- 5.3Anchorage can be taken, in 19.2m, abreast the opening S of
main calm in the worst weather. The receding tide leaves the Tree Islet, with the NE extremity of the islet bearing 335°, dis-
outer edges of the reef nearly dry and the tide runs out of the tant about 0.6 mile. A vessel reported this anchorage was un-
lagoon through breaks in the edges, which are large enough to safe for a vessel 91.5m in length, and that there was no safe
admit light craft into the natural harbor. anchorage off Bitra.
5.1Due to the great depths in the vicinity of the islands sound- 5.3Tidal currents at springs set strongly in and out of the la-
ings give no warning of their proximity, and great caution goon; care is necessary when making the anchorage.
should be taken in thick weather. 5.3Chetlat Island (11°41'N., 72°42'E.), about 31 miles ENE of
5.1As these islets and islands are low, with coconut trees only Bitra, is wooded and inhabited. There is a jetty on the NW side
18 to 24m high and not discernible for any great distance, they of the island. A coral reef stretches around the S and W sides of
should be avoided. There are, however, some wide and deep the island, extending about 0.5 mile from its W side. Shoal wa-
channels between them. ter extends about 0.2 mile N and 0.6 mile WNW from the N
5.1Caution.—Fish aggregating devices, marked by yellow end of the island, about 0.4 mile W from the coral reef, and
lights, are located throughout the islands. Mariners should keep about 0.4 mile SSW from the S extremity of the island.
at least 500m off these devices. 5.3Anchorage can be obtained, in good weather, on the shoal ar-
eas extending N from the N end and SSW from the S end of the
The Laccadive Islands—North Group island.
5.3During the Northeast Monsoon, the best anchorage, in 11 to
5.2 Cherbaniani Reef (12°20'N., 71°55'E.) is the north- 18.3m, lies about 0.4 mile offshore, with the SW end of the
ernmost dangerous reef of the Laccadive Islands. A sand cay, barrier reef bearing about 338°, and with the SW and SE points
with an islet and some sand banks on its N and E sides, lies at of Chetlat Island bearing 011° and 045°, respectively.
the S end of the reef, but the greater part of the reef is only vis- 5.3When landing on the island, it is advisable to use a local
ible towards LW. Some boat passages apparently lead into the boat. The best landing place is on the S side of the island, near
lagoon. the SE point, where there is a depth of 2.1m at HW and 1.2m at
The NW, N, and E sides of Cherbaniani Reef are steep-to,
5.2 LW.
but a bank extends about 1 mile offshore from its W and S
sides. Kiltan Island
Anchorage may be obtained, in 16.5 to 18.3m, on this bank
5.2

during the Northeast Monsoon. 5.4 Kiltan Island (11°29'N., 73°00'E.), about 20 miles
Byramgore Reef (11°55'N., 71°45'E.) is separated from
5.2 ESE of Chetlat Island, is covered with coconut palms, about

Pub. 173
146 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

27m high, A reef fringes the W side of the island extending marked on each side by a stone post; one passage is at the N
about 0.4 mile W; shoal water extends about 0.2 mile farther end of the atoll and the other 3 miles SSW of the N end.
W. Kiltan Island was reported to be a good radar target at 13 Anchorage in good weather can be obtained off the reef S of
5.6

miles. Kadmat, in depths of 8m to 20m, and from 0.2 to 0.5 mile from
5.4Rocks and foul ground border the rest of the island; shoal the reef.
water extends about 0.3 mile from the N end and about 0.2 Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in 31m, near
5.6

mile from the S end of the island. the boat passage, and about 0.2 mile from the reef.
5.4Kiltan North Light is shown from a white, round concrete
tower at the NW corner of the island. Kiltan South Light is 5.7 Amini Island (Ameni Island) (11°07'N., 72°44'E.),
shown from a round stone tower, painted in red and white the most important of the Amindivi Islands, is fringed by a reef
checkers, situated at the S end of the island. from about 0.2 to 0.4 mile wide. The island has a post office
5.4Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained off Kiltan Island and a hospital. The channel between Amini Island and Kadmat
in fair weather. The best position, in about 9.1m, lies with the Island is safe and deep, but depths of less than 10m project 0.5
light structure bearing 129°, distant about 0.6 mile. During S mile S from the S tip of the reefs surrounding Kadmat Island.
winds, vessels should anchor a little closer inshore. 5.7Amini Island Light is shown on the S point of the island.
5.4Anchorage can also be obtained off the S end of the island, 5.7The village is in the middle of the W side of the Island. A
in 9.1 to 11m, about 0.4 mile offshore, if the swell is not heavy. raised stone platform, with steps leading to the beach, is in
5.4A boat passage leads through the N end of the reef to a shal- front of the village. A stone pillar lies behind the platform.
low lagoon where there is a jetty on the W side of the island; a Fronting the platform is a narrow passage across the reef which
gap in the reef, about 0.6 mile S, is sometimes smoother. Each should be navigated with caution; boats approach the steps
gap is marked by buoys. through a channel marked by pillars.
5.4In calm weather, there is a good landing at the middle of the 5.7Anchorage can be obtained off the W side of Amini, in
E side of the island, where a steep-to sandy beach breaks the depths of 7 to 15m; outside the 20m depth contour, depths in-
fringing foul ground. crease rapidly. The recommended anchorage is with the S point
of the island bearing 137°, distant 1.1 miles, in a depth of about
5.5 Basses de Pedro (13°05'N., 72°25'E.), the S end of 15m. In 1948, a vessel approached its anchorage, with the steps
which lies about 63 miles NNW of Kiltan Island, has depths of in front of the village bearing 107°, and anchored on that bear-
16.4 to 73m. The bank is large, steep-to, and composed of ing, in a depth of 9.1m, about 0.5 mile from the beach.
sand, shells, and decayed coral; the water on the bank is not 5.7Peremul Par, about 37 miles W of Amini Island, is a narrow
discolored. In 1974, the bank was reported to lie from 4 to 5 drying reef enclosing a lagoon; at HW, with a smooth sea,
miles SE of its charted position. much of the reef does not break, making the edge of the reef
5.5Sesostris Bank (13°08'N., 72°00'E.), about 11 miles W of difficult to distinguish.
Basses de Pedro, has depths of 20m to 77m and is steep-to. 5.7Inside the reef, a shoal, with depths of less than 1.8m, ex-
5.5Cora Divh, with its SW point about 21 miles NNE of Sesos- tends about 0.8 mile from its SW and N sides towards the mid-
tris Bank, has depths of 27.4 to 55m, sand, decayed coral, and dle of the island. The remainder of the lagoon is encumbered
broken shells. with drying coral reefs, with depths of 1.8 to 11m between
5.5Elikalpeni Bank (11°15'N., 74°03'E.), about 60 miles ESE them.
of Kiltan Island, is about 4 miles in extent, with general depths 5.7Several good boat entrances are on the E side of the island;
of 12.8 to 16.5m and a least depth of 10.4m near its SE edge. two boat entrances are on the W side of the island.
5.5Depths from 18.3 to 29m, some unexamined, lie between 16 5.7Anchorage can be obtained, in 18.3m, about 0.3 mile off-
and 21 miles ENE of Elikalpeni Bank, and a depth of 20.1m, shore, abreast the boat entrances on the SW side of Peremul
existence doubtful, was reported (1964) to lie 20 miles E of the Par; local knowledge is necessary. Anchorage can also be ob-
bank. Depths of 49m (in 1949) and 35m (in 1971) were report- tained, in 18.3 to 22m, off the NE side of the reef, with the sand
ed about 5 miles NNW and 47 miles N, respectively, of cay bearing 213°, distant about 0.5 mile.
Elikalpeni Bank. These areas should be avoided, particularly
when the Southwest Monsoon is strong enough to raise a con- The Laccadive Islands—South Group
siderable sea.
5.8 Androth Island (10°49'N., 73°41'E.), the most fertile
Kadmat Island and Amini Island of the Laccadive Islands, is densely planted with coconut
palms. It is the residence of the Tehsilder, who administers the
5.6 Kadmat Island (Cardamum Island), about 18 miles Laccadive Islands. The village lies about 1 mile from the W
SW of Kiltan Island, forms the E side of a coral atoll. The ends end of the island. There is a small hospital and a leper colony
of the island are covered with a low growth of scrub. There is a on the island.
village in the middle of the island. 5.8A light, with a racon, is shown from a white, square masonry
The drying coral reef, which encloses a shallow lagoon, ex-
5.6 structure, 33m high with black bands, on the E point of the is-
tends nearly parallel with the island, about 0.8 mile from its W land, and a light is shown from a white concrete tower, 10m
side, and surrounds both the N and S ends of the island. It ex- high, on the NW corner of the island. A depth of 12.5m is lo-
tends about 0.3 mile N of the N end of the island, and about 0.8 cated about 6 miles ENE of Androth.
miles S of the S end of the island. 5.8The island is surrounded by a coral reef, through which there
There are two narrow boat passages through the reef, both
5.6 is a small channel for boats on the N side. The S side of this

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 147

reef is steep-to, but from the N side a coral bank projects about trance to the reef surrounding Agatti Island, but it is not recom-
6 miles N, and has a greatest width of about 10 miles, with mended.
depths from 10.4 to 31m. Shoals, with depths of 5m and 5.9m, 5.9Good anchorage can be taken, in depths of 10m to 15m, in an
lie about 0.6 mile SSW and 0.4 mile W, respectively, of the area 2 miles wide between the N end of Agatti Island and the
NW end of the island. Several isolated shoals, with depths of reef encircling Bingaram; this area is apparently free from dan-
10.5 and 11m, lie up to 1.1 miles N of the N coast of the island. gers, but ships should proceed with caution. The recommended
5.8Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of anchorage is with the NE extremity of Agatti Island bearing
about 10m, sand and coral, anywhere off the N side of the is- 215°, distant 1.5 miles, in a depth of 13.7m, coral.
land, about 0.5 mile offshore; local knowledge is necessary. 5.9On the W side of the atoll, near its N end, there is an en-
5.8Good anchorage can be obtained, in 9.1m, coarse sand and trance to the lagoon about 0.8 mile wide. Good anchorage can
broken shells, about 0.7 mile N of a flagstaff on the shore close be obtained W of this entrance, in 10m, coral, with the N point
N of a red-roofed mosque at the W end of the village. of Bingaram Islet bearing 078°, distant 3.5 miles.
5.8Anchorage can also be obtained, in 16.5 to 18.3m, off the E
end of the island where the bottom appears to be smoother, but 5.10 Kavaratti Island (10°34'N., 72°39'E.), about 61
local knowledge is necessary. miles WSW of Androth Island, is low and was densely covered
5.8During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels can anchor, in 18.3 with palms, about 28m high, in 1964. The N part of the island
to 22m, about 0.5 mile offshore on the SW coast of the island, is more heavily populated; the Administrator for the Laccadive
but there is little shelter. Islands resides on the island. Kavaratti Island Light, a round
5.8Caution.—Elikalpeni Bank, with a least depth of 10.4m, lies white concrete tower with black bands and a racon, is situated
about 33 miles NE of Androth Island. Other unexamined on the SE point of the island.
depths of as little as 18.3m lie about 20 miles ENE of Elikalpe- On the NW side of the island, a reef lies about 0.6 mile off-
5.10

ni Bank. shore, nearly parallel to the beach, and encloses a shallow la-
goon. The reef, steep-to except at its S end, has depths of 183m
5.9 Pitti Island (Pitti Islet) (10°46'N., 72°33'E.), about 66 within 0.2 mile of its edge. There is a boat entrance at the N
miles W of Androth Island, is a low islet. The N and NE sides end of the lagoon, with a least depth of 0.9m. Within the en-
are sandy. A black rock is on the E side and there were several trance, seasonal lighted beacons mark the channel between the
stone cairns, about 6.1m high, on the islet. reef and shoal water fringing the island.
5.9Piti Sand Bank, a bank of sand, with charted depths of 10 to Two jetties are situated on the N part of the NW side of the
5.10

37m, extends about 3 miles S and 24 miles NNE from the islet. island.
The bank has not been fully examined and depths may be less Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents near Kavaratti Island
5.10

than charted. were observed, in October, to set SE with the flood and NW
5.9Agatti Island (10°51'N., 72°12'E.), about 21 miles W of Pit- with the ebb, at a velocity of 0.5 to 1 knot.
ti Island, lies towards the S end of an unnamed atoll, with Kal- Anchorage.—Anchorage, during the Northeast Monsoon
5.10

puthi Island close SSW. A clump of palm lies about 1 mile and in fair weather, can be obtained, in 7.3 to 12.8m, sand and
from the S end of Agatti Island. A light is occasionally shown coral, on a shoal about 0.7 mile wide, which extends about 0.7
from the N end of Agatti Island. mile S from the island.
5.9The coral reef surrounding Agatti Island and Kalputhi Island
extends about 2 miles offshore on the W side and encloses a 5.11 Suheli Par (10°05'N., 72°16'E.), the SW atoll of the
shallow lagoon; boats may enter the lagoon through a passage Laccadive Islands, consists of a drying barrier reef enclosing a
with the clump of palms on Agatti Island bearing 142°. Land- lagoon. Valiyakara Islet (North Island) and Cheriyakara Islet
ing is on the NW side of Agatti Island on a steep-to beach. (South Island), both uninhabited, lie in the lagoon. The reef
5.9Depths of less than 10m extend 0.5 mile S of Kalputhi Island was reported to extend 2 miles SW in 1980.
and the same distance N of the N end of Agatti Island. Suheli Par Light is shown from a white metal column, with
5.11

5.9Bingaram Island lies in the N part of the atoll, 6 miles NE of red bands, on the SE end of South Islet. A light is shown from a
the N point of Agatti Island; it is 0.7 mile long in a N-S direc- white, wooden framework tower on North Islet.
tion and 0.5 mile wide at its widest part. It was reported in 1980 and in 1982, that the reef extended 3
5.11

5.9Tinnakara Islet, 1 mile long, lies 1.5 miles ENE of Binga- to 3.5 miles SW from the light.
ram. These two islets are nearly encircled by a steep-to reef Good radar returns have been reported from Suheli Par at 16
5.11

which, from a position 2.5 miles NW of Bingaram, trends ESE miles.

for 4.5 miles, then SW for 3 miles, and then W for 3.5 miles, Two openings are on the NW side of the barrier reef, which
5.11

lying about 1 mile N and S of Bingaram. The Parali Islets, are navigable by small vessels with a draft not exceeding 1.8m,
three small sand cays, lie on the NE corner of the reef and are but local knowledge is necessary.
almost connected to the E end of Tinnakara, which lies about Good anchorage was found (1948), in 12m, sand, with the N
5.11

0.3 mile within the E side of the reef. end of North Islet bearing 163° and the S end of South Islet
5.9Landing can be effected on Bingaram and Tinnakara, but bearing 201°. In 1979, it was reported that the reef projected 4
both are uninhabited and have no good water. The area be- miles WSW from the light.
tween the W extremities of the encircling reef is shallow, with
numerous coral heads with depths of less than 1m; much of the 5.12 Kalpeni (10°06'N., 73°39'E.), the SE atoll of the Lac-
lagoon within the reef dries. cadive Islands, lies about 39 miles S of Androth Island. It con-
5.9Anchorage can be taken, in 18.3 to 22m, coral, off the en- sists of two narrow, low islands lying on the E side of a reef

Pub. 173
148 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

which encloses a lagoon. der power in fairly calm water close offshore E of the island
Kalpeni Island, the S and larger island, was densely planted
5.12 during the Southwest Monsoon.
with coconut palms, about 30m, high in 1967. A steep-to bank, Caution.—Minicoy Island should be approached from the S,
5.13

with depths between 10 and 20m, extends about 0.4 mile S passing about 4 miles S of the light structure. In bad weather,
from the S end of the island. Kalpeni Light is shown from a landfall in morning twilight is considered safe.
round stone tower, 40m high, lying 1.8 miles N of the S ex- Vessels have been wrecked on Minicoy Island due apparently
5.13

tremity of Kalpeni Island. A bungalow and a mosque, 3m high, to shaping a course to pass a few miles N of Minicoy Island
are reported to stand nearby. Light (in some cases after sighting the light from E), instead of
Cheriyam Island, the N island, is also covered in palm trees.
5.12 passing S of it where the light is a useful guide.
The barrier reef is steep-to and the sea breaks heavily on it.
5.12 The practice of passing a few miles N of the island, especial-
5.13

A narrow boat channel leads through the reef into the lagoon. ly at night, is a dangerous one as the island is over 4 miles long
Landing can sometimes be made on the E side of Kalpeni Is- in N-S direction, and unpredictable strong S sets are encoun-
land. tered at times.
Good radar returns have been reported from Kalpeni Island
5.12

at 20 miles. Nine Degree Channel

Anchorage.—A vessel anchored (1950) in 12.8m, coral,
5.12

sand, and rock, about 0.4 mile offshore, off the S side of Kalpe- 5.14 Nine Degree Channel (9°00'N., 73°00'E.) separates
ni Island. Anchorage has been reported 0.7 mile N of Cheriyam Minicoy Island and Connanore Islands. The channel is 100
Island, in 9m, sand and coral. miles wide, very deep, and marked by a TSS (not IMO-adopt-
ed). It is free from known dangers.
Minicoy Island For passage through this channel the chart is sufficient guide.
5.14

The Indian Government advises that the principles for the use
5.13 Minicoy Island (8°17'N., 73°03'E.), forming the SE of the routing system defined in Rule 10 of the International
side of an atoll, is included with the Laccadive Islands for ad- Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972) apply.
ministration, although it lies about 110 miles SSW from the Investigator Bank (8°32'N., 73°17'E.) lies 17 miles NE of
5.14

nearest of these. The island lies about 70 miles N of Ihavand- Minicoy Island and has a least depth of 157m, with depths over
hippolhu Atoll, the N atoll of the Maldive Islands. 914m in the vicinity.
Kodi Point, at the NE extremity of the island, may be identi-
5.13

fied by a single conspicuous palm; a rock, 0.6m high, lies Eight Degree Channel
about 183m NE of the point, and the barrier reef extends about
183m farther NE. A shoal, with a depth of 6.1m, lies nearly 0.5 5.15 Eight Degree Channel (7°40'N., 73°00'E.), between
mile NE of Kodi Point. Erosion has separated Kodi Point from Minicoy Island and Ihavandhippolhu Atoll, about 70 miles S, is
Minicoy Island, forming an isolated islet. free from known dangers. It is recommended to keep nearer to
The town of Minicoy lies near the center of the island, about
5.13 Minicoy Island than to the Maldive Islands, as the current sets
2.5 miles SSW of Kodi Point. There is a dense cover of coconut S from the end of September to the end of the year, and there is
palms, about 18.9m high, on the E side of Minicoy Island. the added advantage of sighting Minicoy Island Light.
Roebera Point forms the SW extremity of Minicoy Island;
5.13 The currents in this channel are much the same as those in
5.15

Viringili Island (Small Pox Island) lies on the barrier reef about the N end of the Maldive Islands, but in the Northeast Mon-
0.5 mile NW of the point. soon they at times set NW; occasionally they set N with S
The W side of the barrier reef dries in places; it dries 0.6m
5.13 winds.
about 1.3 miles N of Viringili.
The lagoon is encumbered with numerous shoals and dan-
5.13
The Maldive Islands
gers, and the SW part dries. Saleh Magu Channel, at the NE
end of the atoll, is the principal opening into the lagoon, with 5.16 The Maldive Islands (3°30'N., 73°00'E.), a chain of
depths of 1.8 to 3.7m, but can only be used by small vessels atolls, extend from Turakuna (7°06'N., 72°54'E.), the N island
with local knowledge. of the Ihavandhippolhu Atoll to about 40 miles S of the Equa-
Minicoy Island Light, with a racon, is shown from a white
5.13 tor, along the meridian of 73°E.
tower on the SW end of the island, about 0.4 mile ESE of Roe- Much of the detailed information in this sector is very old, as
5.16

bera Point. The top of the light structure is obscured by trees on little recent information can be obtained from places so seldom
certain bearings and within distances of less than 6 miles. A visited. Dates of recent definite information have been includ-
conspicuous red and white pylon is reported to stand close SE ed in the text.
of the light. Between the different atolls of the Maldive Islands there are
5.16

Good radar returns have been reported from Minicoy Island

5.13 several good deep channels. Some of these are intricate and de-
at 18 miles. It was also reported that the shape of the island be- mand local knowledge; such channels should be avoided by
comes identifiable on radar at 15 miles. low-powered vessels as currents set strongly through them, set-
Local boats meet ships and may be summoned through the
5.13 ting E or W according to the season; marked variations in di-
lighthouse keeper who can communicate with vessels using the rection have been reported.
International Code of Signals. The coral islands on the atolls, although very low, may be de-
5.16

Anchorage.—The island offers no suitable anchorage, as the

5.13 tected by radar at ranges over 20 miles, while the arrangement of
bottom rises steeply toward the reef. Ships may drift safely un- individual islands may be obtained at about 15 miles, and the

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 149

breakers at the edges of reefs detected at about 2 miles. surrounded by coconut palms and breadfruit trees. A narrow
There are numerous deep openings through the barrier reefs,
5.16 reef fringes the seaward side of the island; a beacon lies on this
which are difficult to identify beyond a distance of 3 or 4 miles, reef nearly 1 mile SE of the N end of the island. The reef on the
when the reefs appear as one continuous line. Within 1 or 2 inner side of the island is separated from the shore, forming a
miles, the openings will be distinctly seen when the sun is high lagoon; there are two openings for fishing boats.
and behind the observer. Good radar returns have been reported from Uleguma at 15
5.18

Extra care should be taken at periods of spring tides when

5.16 miles.
strong rips and eddies in the reef entrances make for difficulty Muladu, about 5 miles SE of Uleguma, has a small village on
5.18

in seeing submerged hazards. its W side. There is a boat passage, abreast the village, through
By day and with the sun in a favorable position, even the less
5.16 the otherwise unbroken reef surrounding the island.
readily navigable channels can be negotiated without undue Between Muladu and Uleguma lie three small thickly-wood-
5.18

difficulty, as all the underwater dangers are generally visible ed uninhabited islets known from NW to SE, respectively, as
for some distance from the masthead. Murdu, Beramundu, and Gumati.
By night, a vessel should pass through only the four larger
5.16 The islet of Gallandu lies about 3.5 miles SSW of Muladu.
5.18

channels between the atolls, and even these should be avoided Sunken reefs lie about 1 and 2 miles, respectively, N of Gallan-
unless the vessel has an accurate fix before entering. du.
Within the atolls good anchorage can be obtained in very
5.16 Digufuri Reef (Digfurhi Reef) (6°56'N., 72°57'E.), at the S
smooth water of moderate depth, with a coral and sand bottom. end of Ihavandhippolhu Atoll, has an islet at its E end; a small
On the inhabited islands, boat channels leading over the reefs
5.16 sandbank, with palms on it, lies about 0.8 mile ENE of the is-
to the villages are marked by distinctive stakes. let.
It has been reported (2023) land reclamation operations are
5.16 Ihavandu, one of the few islands within the lagoon, lies close
5.18

in progress throughout islands. N of Digufuri Reef and about 3 miles W of Gallandu. The is-
land is densely populated, and there is a landing on the S side.
Ihavandhippolhu Atoll Hauwandu, about 0.8 mile W of Ihavandu, lies at the SE end
5.18

of a section of the barrier reef which extends about 9 miles

5.17 Ihavandhippolhu Atoll (7°02'N., 72°54'E.), the N NW, then 3 miles NE; of the eight islands and islets on this
atoll of the Maldive Islands, is administered with Thiladhun- stretch of reef, Umbala and Hatefuri were inhabited in 1970.
mathi Atoll, and consists of about 24 islands, most of which lie Umbala, with a large village, lies about 0.5 mile NNW of Hau-
on the circumference of the barrier reef. Seven of the islands wandu, and is the principal island of the atoll; its natural har-
were inhabited in 1970. bor, formed between the island and the seaward side of the
General depths of 37 to 55m are in the E half and 18.3 to
5.17 reef, provides good anchorage for numerous fishing craft.
37m in the W half of the lagoon. Numerous shoals are in the la- Hatefuri, about 4 miles farther NW, has a fishing village on its
goon, particularly in the W half. These shoals, with the sun NE side.
well up, can easily be seen as pale green against the dark deep- Matari, about 0.8 mile NW of Hatefuri, was used as a ceme-
5.18

er water; they are not readily seen if the sky is overcast. tery and had a flag staff and small temple on it; elsewhere it
The main occupations are fishing and the cultivation of coco-
5.17 was well-wooded.
nuts, most of the islands being heavily wooded with palms. The islet of Kandufuri (Kankolufuri) lies on the above
5.18

Tides—Currents.—Currents at Ihavandhippolhu Atoll are

5.17 stretch of reef, near the NW point of Ihavandhippolhu Atoll.
only experienced occasionally and are probably influenced en- Good radar returns have been reported from the islet at 15
tirely by local weather conditions. There appears to be no regu- miles.
lar tidal currents.
A current of 2 knots setting N was experienced (December,
5.17 5.19 Wagaru (7°06'N., 72°52'E.), near the N end of the
1933) about 50 miles E of the atoll, but practically no current atoll, about 4 miles ENE of Kandufuri, is low and well-wooded;
in this position was experienced about a month later. it is surrounded by a reef except on its SE side. North Rock, with
During December and January in the offing, the current gen-
5.17 a least depth of 5.2m, lies about 1 mile W of Wagaru.
erally sets N or W, but it is irregular. 5.19Anchorage.—The best anchorage, in 28 to 37m, sand and
A set to NW between Uleguma and Wagaru, and to W be-
5.17 coral, lies W of Uleguma.
tween Uleguma and Murdu, was sometimes observed (Decem- 5.19There is a good anchorage E of the reef between Hauwandu
ber, 1933 and January, 1934). The maximum velocity was and Umbala, in the SW part of the lagoon, in 33 to 37m. This is
about 1 knot. In the middle of the lagoon there was an occa- probably the best anchorage during the Southwest Monsoon,
sional set to NW. but a heavy swell might reach it through Southwestern En-
trance.
5.18 Turakuna (7°07'N., 72°54'E.), the N island of Iha- 5.19Good anchorage during the Northeast Monsoon may be ob-
vandhippolhu Atoll, was inhabited in 1970 with a small village tained, in 46 to 55m, W of Muladu and Gumati in the E part of
on its N side. On its S side, landing can be effected through a the lagoon.
gap in the encircling reef. 5.19Anchorages are also available S of Turakuna and Wagaru.
Good radar returns have been reported from Turakuna at 15
5.18 5.19Directions.—Vessels approaching from N enter through
miles. North Rock Passage, between Wagaru and North Rock, 1 mile
Uleguma, about 1.3 miles SE of Turakuna, is low, level, and
5.18 W; through North Western Entrance, between Wagaru and Tur-
thickly wooded. The village lies near the center of the island, akuna; or through Northern Entrance, between Turakuna and

Pub. 173
150 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

Uleguma. spectively, on the barrier reef between the N end of Maduni Fa-
North Rock Passage may be entered in depths of not less
5.19 ro and the islet of Gafuri, about 5 miles ESE. Gafuri lies on the
than 18.3m by keeping towards Wagaru; the other entrances W side of a detached reef with an unnamed lagoon reef close
have depths of not less than 20.1m in the fairway midway be- W.
tween the islands, but there are shallower depths close within An unnamed lagoon reef, the islet of Dedu, and Warifuri Fa-
5.22

the lagoon in the Northern Entrance. The edges of the reefs on ro lie about 2.5, 4, and 6 miles, respectively, NE of Gafuri.
each side of the passage can be seen from aloft at a good dis- Warifuri Faro is a large lagoon with the islet of Warifuri at its S
tance. end. A lighted beacon lies on the N side of Warifuri Faro. The
Vessels approaching from E use North Eastern Entrance be-
5.19 islets of Dedu and Warifuri are inhabited; the islet of Noradu
tween Uleguma and Murdu, about 1.8 miles SE, or East En- lies between the latter two islets.
trance between Muladu and Gallandu. North Eastern Entrance
has a least depth of 35m midway between the islands. 5.23 Kelai (6°58'N., 73°13'E.), at the NE extremity of the
In East Entrance, there is a shoal patch midway between the
5.19 atoll, was inhabited in 1970. Good radar returns have been re-
flanking islands and a second patch farther SSW. If using this ported from Kelai at 14 miles. The islet of Tinadu lies about 3
entrance, bring the NE end of Medufuri to bear 287° and enter miles WSW of Kelai.
the lagoon on this heading. When the S end of Muladu bears The island of Filadu has an opening between it and Kelai, 1.5
5.23

070°, steer for the N end of Hauwandu bearing 250°, and then miles N, and between it and Baura, 3 miles SSW, but the latter
to the anchorage off that island. is encumbered by several rocky patches in the fairway.
Caution.—Collingrufuri, Medufuri, and Manafur, three is-
5.19 The barrier reef extends from Baura to the island of Ma-
5.23

lands surrounded by rocky heads, foul ground, and shoal water, vaidu, about 20 miles SSW. From N to S, the islands of Hani-
lie about 3.3 and 3 miles N, and 2.3 miles NNE, respectively, madu, Noliwang Faro, Nuriwari, Kuludu Faro, and Komangdu
of Ihavandu. Two drying rocks lie on a rocky shoal close N of form the E side of the atoll, and have wide openings into the
Medufuri. atoll on each side of them. All the islands on this side of the
Endeavour Shoal, a large coral patch with a least depth of
5.19 atoll were inhabited in 1970, as well as ten others within the la-
6.1m, lies about 3.3 miles SSW of Uleguma. goon.
Ormonde Rock, with a least depth of 4.6m, lies about 2 miles
5.19 Kuludu Faro has a large village fronted by a sandy beach and
5.23

SW of Uleguma. lagoon, which is enclosed by a coral reef on its W side. The

In addition, there are numerous shoals and rocky patches in
5.19 boat channel to the small harbor (1942) was wider and deeper
the lagoon, particularly toward the NW and SW sides; under than those usually found in these islands.
suitable conditions all can be easily seen from aloft. Muradu (6°33'N., 72°54'E.) lies on a circular reef near the
5.23

W edge of the atoll; the latest maps prepared from aerial pho-
Gallandu Channel tography (1968) show that this island has joined the islet chart-
ed 0.8 mile W of it. Some rocky patches lie S and SE of
5.20 Gallandu Channel (6°54'N., 72°57'E.), between the S Muradu.
end of Ihavandhippolhu Atoll and the NW end of Thiladhunmathi Naguri, an island with a circular lagoon reef, lies about 7
5.23

Atoll, about 2.8 miles S, is very deep and free from dangers in the miles N of Muradu; two large reefs lie between these islands.
fairway. Passages on each side of the channel lead into the la- A lighted beacon lies at the NW point of a reef, about 3.3
5.23

goons, where anchorage may be obtained. miles NW of Muradu.

Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents set ENE through the
5.20 Nawadu, about 5 miles NNE of Naguri, was populated in
5.23

channel with the flood tide and WSW with the ebb. 1970.
There is an opening into the lagoon, about 4 miles wide, be-
5.23

Thiladhunmathi Atoll tween Rafuri, a small islet, 0.5 mile N of Nawadu, and Maduni
Faro, at the NW corner of the atoll.
5.21 Thiladhunmathi Atoll (6°45'N., 73°00'E.) consists
of about 40 islands and islets; most lie farther apart and are Miladummadulu Atoll
larger than those in the Maldives farther S. The islands in the
NE part of the atoll are the largest. 5.24 Miladummadulu Atoll (6°10'N., 73°08'E.) lies on
There are fewer islets but more reefs on the W side of the
5.21 the same submarine plateau as Thiladhunmathi Atoll and is the
atoll than on the E side. The passages through the barrier reef continuation S of it. The N boundary of this atoll approximate-
on the W side are navigable but should be avoided. Safe pas- ly follows the parallel of 6°29'N.
sages leading into the lagoon are on the E side of the atoll, but Miladummadulu Atoll contains about 100 islands and islets
5.24

the vessel must be conned from aloft. lying principally on the E side; over 40 of these were populated
Caution.—Aerial photographs show the shapes and size of
5.21 in 1970, and almost all are wooded, with palms predominating.
islands to differ substantially from surveys originally dated The lagoon can be navigated in daylight with ease as there
5.24

from 1940. In addition, some features charted as reefs are, in are few dangers, especially in the N part, but the vessel must be
some cases, dry at HW and wooded. conned from aloft. Depths in the lagoon are moderate; the bot-
tom is sand, with clay in places.
5.22 Maduni Faro (6°51'N., 72°57'E.), a lagoon reef, Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents at Miladummadulu Atoll
5.24

forms the NW extremity of the atoll. The islets of Marandu, set ENE with the flood and WSW with the ebb, attaining a ve-
Tukandu, and Miledu, the first two inhabited in 1970, lie, re- locity of 1.5 to 2 knots at springs. The tidal currents are greatly

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 151

influenced by the prevailing monsoon currents. Goadu (6°25'N., 72°55'E.) and Kandute, about 1 mile NW,
5.25

The island of Numara (6°26'N., 73°03'E.), with the islet of

5.24 lie within the main lagoon and were inhabited in 1970; the
Nu close NNW, lies at the NE corner of Miladummadulu Atoll. main village was in the center of each island. It was reported
A very wide opening into the lagoon lies between Numara
5.24 that landing can be made anywhere along the SE side of Kan-
and Fivaku, about 9 miles ESE. Fivaku was inhabited in 1970. dute, where the fringing reef has depths of 1.2 to 1.8m.
The barrier reef then extends about 13 miles SSE from Fi-
5.24

vaku to the S end of a detached reef on which lies the island of Makunudhoo Atoll
Farukolu, with Furnadu on the S part of the reef. The island of
Makandudu lies about 2 miles NW of the reef. The latter three 5.26 Makunudhoo Atoll (6°20'N., 72°36'E.), once known
islands were inhabited in 1970. The islands of Nalandu and as Malcom Atoll, is a large reef encircling a deep but reef-en-
Milandu lie farther N. There are deep wide openings into the cumbered lagoon, and is administered as part of Thiladhun-
lagoon between all these islands and also between Makandudu mathi Atoll; it is separated from the NW side of
and Farukolu. Miladummadulu Atoll by a deep channel, about 9 miles wide.
From the S end of Furnadu, the barrier reef extends about 8.5
5.24 Two openings on the E face of the lagoon can only be used by
miles S and 6 miles ESE to Kuludu (Kendikolu), the largest is- boats.
land of the atoll and inhabited in 1970. Many of the islets on 5.26Faro Doru (Defarudorhi), an islet on the E side of the atoll,
this stretch were inhabited in 1970. The passage into the la- about 6 miles SSW of Maamakunudhoo, was wooded in 1970.
goon S of Kuludu is wide and safe. The S and W sides of the atoll have only the surf and an islet at
Ma Faro (Mafarru), a reef, lies about 4.5 miles SE of Kulu-
5.24 its NW extremity to indicate their outline.
du; an island of the same name occupies the S part of this reef
on the seaward side. Faadhippolhu Atoll
Edu Faro (Eddufarru), a reef enclosing a lagoon, lies about 5
5.24

miles SSW of Ma Faro. 5.27 Faadhippolhu Atoll (5°25'N., 73°30'E.) consists of

about 30 islets, only four of which were inhabited in 1970. The
5.25 Manadu (5°47'N., 73°24'E.), close within the lagoon principal occupations are sail weaving and coir making. The
between Ma Faro and Edu Faro, was densely populated in depths in the lagoon are moderate and the bottom is sandy;
1970, when the main village was near the middle of the N side there are many drying and submerged coral heads with depths
of the island. The island is profusely covered in vegetation, in- of 1.8 to 3.7m.
cluding coconut palms, banyan, breadfruit, and almond. Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents set strongly through the
5.27

Good anchorage may be obtained on the N or S side of Ma-

5.25 openings into the lagoon.
nadu according to the season. Fehengili (5°33'N., 73°29'E.) is the N islet of the atoll. There
5.27

A boat channel passes through the reef, which extends the

5.25 is an opening into the lagoon between Fehengili and Kuredu,
whole length of the N side of the island; the passage is narrow, about 0.8 mile W; there are moderate depths in the entrance,
about 1.8m deep, and fringed by large boulders of coral rock. but about 0.8 mile within the opening, some reefs lie in the
Inside the reef is a deep channel, from 18 to 28m wide, skirting fairway. Furifaro, about 4 miles SSE of Fehengili, lies in the
the beach. center of an opening into the lagoon. The islet, with a rocky
Ten other islets within 9 miles of Manadu, and also within
5.25 shoal close NW, lies on a reef.
the lagoon, were inhabited in 1970. The barrier reef, with several islets on it, extends about 7
5.27

The islet of Karema lies about 5 miles SW of Edu Faro.

5.25 miles ESE to Difuri (Divepure), at the NE end of the atoll. The
Kandudu (Kharndudu) (5°39'N., 73°16'E.), inhabited in
5.25 latter islet and Faidu, about 1 mile NW, were inhabited in 1970.
1970, lies on the barrier reef at the S extremity of Miladum- From Difuri, an unbroken line of barrier reef curves SW to
5.27

madulu Atoll, about 2 miles W of Karema. Aligau, at the S extremity of the atoll; several islets are on this
From Kandudu, the barrier reef extends 12 miles NW to Ma-
5.25 section of reef.
vila (Malwillarwarru); the latter islet and the islets of Rafuri, During the Northeast Monsoon, the sea breaks with violence
5.27

Watedu, Didu, and Fadu on this SW face of the atoll were in- upon this unbroken stretch of barrier reef; coral rock and sand
habited in 1970. banks appear at low water along this stretch.
Between Mavila and Kumandu, about 16 miles NNW, are
5.25 There is a wide opening into the atoll between Aligau and
5.27

several lagoon reefs and islets. The island of Kumandu was in- Lowalafuri, about 3.5 miles NNW; the islet of Maduwari lies
habited in 1970; from about 1 mile SE of the island to about 3 near the middle of the opening.
miles farther SE, banks of sand and coral lie along the seaward From Lowalafuri, the barrier reef, enclosing several islets,
5.27

side of a large lagoon reef. Close N of Kumandu, two small is- extends about 7 miles NW to Debu, a group of islets. Several
lets lie on the E side of a detached reef; the latest maps show good channels lead into the lagoon between the islets on the
the islets to lie N and S of each other. barrier reef. Kanifuri (Kanifurhi), about 2 miles W of Debu,
The NW part of the barrier reef consists almost entirely of
5.25 forms the W extremity of the atoll.
reef, enclosing separate lagoons. From Kanifuri, the barrier reef extends about 7 miles NNE to
5.27

Tree Sand Bank, about 6 miles NNW of Kumandu, extends

5.25 Fallwaru (Faileweru). The islet of Naifaro, the most densely
about 2.5 miles into the lagoon and has an islet near its center; populated of the atoll in 1970, lies on the reef about 2 miles
about 1 mile S lies another detached sandbank. A lighted bea- SSW of Fallwaru.
con lies on the N side of the reef, 2 miles N of the W extremity Between Fallwaru and Hurawali, about 4.5 miles NE, several
5.27

of Tree Sand Bank. islets and detached reefs lie some distance SE of the enclosing

Pub. 173
152 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

reef. There are several channels into the lagoon between islets Islets and reefs on the S side of the channel extend E from
5.30

in this section of the atoll. Hanikandu Faro. Fendu was reported inhabited in 1970. Su-
daroa, about 6 miles farther E, lies at the E entrance of the
Malosmadulu Atoll channel. Kumadu lies 1 mile E of Sudaroa.
The N part of South Malosmadulu Atoll is triangular in
5.30

5.28 Malosmadulu Atoll (5°30'N., 72°55'E.) consists of shape. There are numerous openings into the main lagoon on
North Malosmadulu Atoll and South Malosmadulu Atoll, the N and E sides of the atoll.
which are separated by Moresby Channel, about 1.8 miles Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained off the N side of
5.30

wide. These two atolls are similar in character, their W sides Hitadu.
being composed of a series of lagoon reefs, some prominent There is a wide opening into the lagoon between Olugeri,
5.30

and others in the background. This is a feature common to the close W of Hitadu, and Boduffnur, about 2.8 miles farther W.
N atolls of the Maldive Islands. A rock shoal, with a depth of 12.8m, lies in the opening.

5.29 North Malosmadulu Atoll.—Maduni Faro Horsburgh Atoll

(5°53'N., 72°54'E.), a lagoon reef, lies at the N of the atoll. Wa-
du, inhabited in 1970, lies about 3 miles ESE of Maduni Faro, 5.31 Horsburgh Atoll (Goidu Atoll) (4°52'N., 72°55'E.),
at the S end of a large lagoon reef. about 6 miles S of South Malosmadulu Atoll, is considered as
A wide opening into the lagoon lies between Maduni Faro
5.29 part of the latter atoll for administrative purposes. Horsburgh
and Wadu; it is free of known dangers in the middle of the fair- Atoll was reported (1987) to lie approximately 2 miles SE of
way, with depths of 37 to 44m, sand. Some rocks lie about 3 its charted position.
miles NNW of Wadu. Goidu, at the NE end of the atoll, is the largest islet, and was
5.31

Anchorage.—There is good anchorage in the channel be-

5.29 inhabited in 1970. It has been reported (1994) that the shape of
tween Wadu and Maduni Faro or farther S in the lagoon. the island changes over time.
The Powell Islands (5°58'N., 72°55'E.) consists of two is- Fehendu and Furudu, about 1 mile and 3 miles, respectively,
5.31

lands on a detached reef. Etingili is the NW island and Alifuri W of Goidu, were inhabited in 1970, when both were wooded,
is the SE island; the latter island was inhabited in 1970. with palm trees predominant. The villages on the N sides of
The channel between the Powell Islands and Maduni Faro, these islands are visible from seaward.
about 3 miles S, is deep and free from known dangers. Inafuri (Furhi), an islet, 15m high and bushy, lies on the reef
5.31

The E side of North Malosmadulu Atoll consists of about 20

5.29 about 3 miles W of Furudu.
islands and islets separated by good passages leading into the The islet of Fehenfuri, reported (1994) difficult to identify, lies
5.31

lagoon. About 5 per cent of the above islands and islets were on the S side of the barrier reef, about 4 miles SSE of Inafuri.
inhabited in 1970. The islet of Mafuri lies about 1.3 miles W of Fehenfuri.
Navigation in the central part of the atoll is impracticable
5.29 The lagoon is fringed with dangers, but the center of the la-
5.31

due to the numerous coral heads. goon is clear.

The S side of the atoll is formed by reefs lying between Ber-
5.29 Anchorage.—Anchorage, in 27 to 42m, good holding
5.31

riam Faro (5°26'N., 73°00'E.) and Mamanaga Faro, about 7 ground of sand, mud, and clay, can be obtained in the lagoon.
miles SW; three islets lie on this section of the barrier reef. The only opening into the lagoon lies between Mafuri and
5.31

The SW face of the atoll is formed by Mamanaga Faro, at its

5.29 Fehenfuri. The Dorukandu, as the channel through this opening
SW extremity, and three similar lagoon reefs farther N. is known, lies on the W side between the barrier reef and the
Maregiri (5°31'N., 72°49'E.) lies at the S end of the NW
5.29 shoal water extending nearly 0.8 mile W from the reef on
side of the atoll. From this islet the barrier reef, consisting of a which Fehenfuri lies. The channel is about 183m wide, with a
series of lagoon reefs, some with small unnamed islets, extends least depth of 18.3m. Depths in the opening E of the Dorukan-
about 25 miles NNE. These reefs lack above-water features du are shoal and irregular; a 4.3m patch lies near the edge of
and are therefore difficult to identify; the channels between the Dorukandu, about 0.3 mile E of Mafuri.
them are therefore better avoided, especially since the central The E part of Fehendu, bearing 052°, leads from SW towards
5.31

part of the lagoon is unsafe for navigation. the opening.

Moresby Channel, separating North Malosmadulu Atoll and
5.29 Caution.—Vessels should not attempt to enter the lagoon
5.31

South Malosmadulu Atoll, has depths over 183m and is free except through the Dorukandu.
from known dangers. The W entrance to this channel has no
wooded islet near it and is difficult to identify. Kardiva Channel
5.30 South Malosmadulu Atoll.—Hanikandu Faro 5.32 Kardiva Channel (5°00'N., 73°30'E.), deep and free
(5°17'N., 72°51'E.), at the NW extremity of the atoll, is sepa- from dangers in the fairway, lies between Faadhippolhu Atoll,
rated from Kari Faro, about 0.8 mile S, by an opening into the South Malosmadulu Atoll, and Horsburgh Atoll to NW, and
lagoon. Dukandu, an island, lies in the middle of the inner end Male Atoll and Ari Atoll to SE.
of the opening. Kari Faro is a reef enclosing a lagoon, with the Tides—Currents.—The tidal current sets ENE through
5.32

islets of Iwafuri and Fahris on its S side. Kardiva Channel with the flood and WSW with the ebb, at a
From the opening between Hanikandu Faro and Medu Faro,
5.30 velocity of 2 knots.
about 1.3 miles NE, a deep channel leads E to the NE side of During the Northeast Monsoon, the tidal current is inappre-
5.32

the atoll. ciable during the flood, but the ebb is reinforced by the surface

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 153

current generated by the monsoon. Similarly, during the South- North Male Atoll and Gaa Faro Reef, causing strong eddies
west Monsoon the ebb current is weak or absent and the flood and turbulence where it meets tidal currents from the lagoon.
current is strong. During this season, it is advisable to pass through the N reef at
Aspect.—The N side of the E entrance of Kardiva is well-
5.32 about slack water.
defined by Olivelifuri (5°17'N., 73°36'E.), at the SE end of Kagi, a small wooded islet, lies about 3 miles ESE of Olaha-
5.35

Faadhippolhu Atoll. Kardiva, about 19 miles farther SSW, is a li, and 1.5 miles within the lagoon. A good unobstructed chan-
good landmark from the E, having two conspicuous palm trees nel through the reef lies N of this islet; its entrance is marked
on the N side of the reef upon which it lies. Gaa Faro Reef, on by drying rocks, and in 1974, by the stump remains of a pile
the S side of the entrance to Kardiva, has no landmarks on its N beacon.
and S sides. Helengili, a long low wooded islet, lies on the barrier reef
5.35

The W entrance of Kardiva Channel is not easily identified

5.32 about 4.5 miles SE of Kagi. Openings through the reef lie on
as the wooded islets on Ari and Horsburgh Atolls lie several each side of the islet; in 1974, the N opening was narrow and
miles within the salient points of their barrier reef. However, appeared to have a least depth of 20m, while the S channel was
Thoddoo (4°26'N., 72°58'E.), an island off the N end of Ari broader, with a least depth of 40m.
Atoll, can be sighted at a considerable distance, and forms a Lighted Beacon No. 1, a gray framework tower on a concrete
5.35

good landmark in the approach from W. base, lies on the S side of a reef 4 miles SW of Helengili.
Caution.—Kardiva was reported (1974) to lie about 2.3
5.32 Between Helengili and Mirufuri (4°27'N., 73°42'E.), there
5.35

miles SSE of its charted position. are several deep channels without landmarks to identify them;
a vessel may pass through in favorable conditions and keeping
5.33 Kardiva (4°58'N., 73°27'E.), formerly known as a good lookout.
Karidu, was thickly covered with coconut palms, 14 to 20m Asdu, in the lagoon, about 3 miles W of Mirufuri, was cov-
5.35

high in 1974. There is a township on its N side; its SE side is ered with coconut palms in 1974.
steep-to. Mirufuri was inhabited in 1974 and wooded with coconut
5.35

A reef on the N side encloses a lagoon where local craft are

5.33 palms. Difuri, close S, was inhabited in 1974 and thickly
moored. The entrance to the lagoon lies about 0.5 mile NW of wooded.
the NE point of the island. Landing can only be made on Kar- Between Difuri and Male, 20 miles SW, a chain of islands
5.35

diva by entering the lagoon, as there is generally a heavy surf lies upon the reef which is sharply marked by change of water
around the island and reef, except at the lagoon entrance. color or, in swell conditions, by breakers upon it.

Gaa Faro Reef 5.36 Imma (4°18'N., 73°34'E.), inhabited in 1970, and
Lankanfinolhu (Lankanfushifinolhu), about 1.8 miles SW, lie
5.34 Gaa Faro Reef (4°44'N., 73°26'E.), in the form of a on the same reef, with a low islet about midway between.
small atoll, lies about 1.5 miles N of North Male Atoll, from Bodu Kalhi (Kadvoigiri Passage), the best and widest open-
5.36

which it is separated by a deep channel, free from dangers in ing in the barrier reef, lies between Lankanfinolhu and Kaduoi-
the fairway. Gaa Faro (Gafaru) (4°44'N., 73°29'E.), an islet at ygiri, an island 1.8 miles SW. There are depths of over 50m in
the E end of the reef, was inhabited in 1970. A clump of trees this N side of this channel about 0.6 mile S of Lankanfinolhu,
lies on the reef about 1 mile WSW of this islet. but a bank with depths of 21 to 28m extends 1.3 miles N into
Two very small openings lead into the lagoon, one on the
5.34 the channel from Furanafushi (Furena), an island about 0.5
NW side and another on the N side, about 4 miles E. Above- mile SE of Kaduoiygiri.
water rocks mark the E side of the N opening and apparently, A shoal area, about 1.3 miles W of Lankanfinolhu, has a
5.36

the S side of the NW opening. least depth of 7m. A reef lies 0.5 mile WNW of Kaduoiygiri,
with numerous shoal patches S of it.
North Male Atoll An lagoon lies off the W side of Furanafushi, entered at the
5.36

SW corner of the fringing reef. Within the lagoon are depths to

5.35 North Male Atoll (4°25'N., 73°30'E.), the principal 9m, with a bottom of sand and coral heads. This lagoon pro-
atoll of the Maldive Islands, contains about 50 islets and is- vides good anchorage for small craft. A stone jetty extends
lands. Several islets, especially in the S part of the atoll, are de- from the W end of the island.
veloped as tourist villages.
The depths within the lagoon are from 40 to 50m; the bottom
5.35
Male (4°10'N., 73°30'E.)
is of coarse sand except over coral reefs. Shoals within the la-
goon are easily discernible in favorable conditions of sun and World Port Index No. 49200
sea.
Olahali (4°41'N., 73°26'E.), a low bush-covered islet, marks
5.35 5.37 Male, at the S end of North Male Atoll, is the capital
the NW point of North Male Atoll. A major channel into the of the Republic of Maldives and is the seat of office of the
main lagoon lies close E of the islet; it was reported, in 1974, President whose residence is on Aarah (Aramh), a wooded islet
that there appeared to be a least depth of 50m in the center of about 3.5 miles NNW. The island is thickly wooded with many
the channel and that the reef edges could be clearly seen. modern houses, particularly on its N side. It is almost entirely
Tides—Currents.—During the Northeast Monsoon, a 2 to 3
5.35 built up with a network of earth roads. The harbor facilities are
knot western current sweeps through the channel between

Pub. 173
154 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

5.36 Male

5.36 Hulule

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 155

on the N side of the island. lighters, and deep-draft vessels at anchor.

The Custom House lies on the main quay facing the main
5.37

Maldives Ports Limited Home Page passage through the breakwater.

Red obstruction lights are shown from the radio masts at the
5.37

http://www.port.com.mv SE end of Male.

Funadhoo (Funidu) lies about 0.3 mile N of the E end of
Tides—Currents.—From the few observations made in the
5.37
Male, and is surrounded by a reef which dries in places. A
vicinity of Male, it seems likely that the water movement there small tank farm, with three large and about six smaller tanks,
is far more influenced by the monsoon currents than the tidal stands on the island.
currents. When the currents are flowing strongly, it seems like- Dhoonidhoo, a wooded islet, lies about 0.8 mile NW of Fun-
ly that the tidal currents are only strong enough to increase or adhoo. A large silver tank stands on the E central part of the is-
decrease the resulting flow and rarely strong enough to reverse land; a breakwater extends about 25m N on the N side of the
its direction. Due to the probability of strong and unpredictable island.
currents, an approach by night was not recommended (1987). Hulule, about 0.6 mile E of Funadhoo, bears some tall coco-
5.37

In the channel E of Male, the currents from Vaadhoo Kandu

5.37
nut palms; an airstrip runs the full length of the island and joins
(Wadu Channel) set across. During the Northeast Monsoon, a it to an islet close S. A bridge is under construction (2016) be-
component of the current sets NW through this channel, setting tween the SW point of Hulule and the SE point of Male. Air-
a vessel towards the reef fringing the E side of Male. The flow port buildings and a small village lie along the central part of
turns W between Male and Funadhoo. the W side of Hulule.
It was reported (1972) that this flow commenced 1.5 hours
5.37
A channel, with a depth of 1.2m and subject to silting, gives
5.37

before HW, and ran until 1.5 hours before LW, attaining a max- access to small piers on the W side of Hulule; two large yellow
imum velocity of 2.5 to 3 knots at about HW N of Male break- mooring buoys were laid close WNW of the entrance. Break-
water, where it sets strongly across the N face of the waters extend N and S from the entrance to the 1.5m channel.
breakwater. At the same time the flow was weak and variable E The airport control tower, a white building with a red roof, is
5.37

of Funadhoo.Strong sets have also been reported during the a conspicuous landmark. A radio mast, marked by red obstruc-
Northeast Monsoon in Male Harbor. tion lights, stands about 0.25 mile N of the airport control tow-
During the Southwest Monsoon, a component of the current
5.37
er, E of the 1.2m entrance channel.
enters the lagoon through the channel S of Giravaru, flowing Viligili (Wilingili), a low wooded islet used as a tourist vil-
5.37

out principally through the channel W of Male and between lage, lies 1 mile W of Male. It is surrounded by steep-to foul
Male and Funadhoo, and then S into Vaadhoo Kandu (Wadu ground extending up to 0.3 mile offshore. The light on the islet
Channel). is reported to be a good landmark.
It was reported (1972) that an E set existed until within the
5.37
The channel between Viligili and Male has a 5.5m shoal in
5.37

line joining Male and Hulule, then slack water between Funad- the middle, with 11m and 15.4m shoals lying about 0.2 mile
hoo and Dhoonidhoo, when a strong E set was experienced to and 0.4 mile, respectively, N of it. Tidal currents in this channel
the anchorage. Four hours after LW, with the flood current are strong and tide rips form near the shoals; navigation of the
tending to oppose the current, a moderate NE flow was experi- channel is not recommended.
enced in the lagoon. Feydhoo, a bare sandy islet, surrounded by a steep-to reef
5.37

No observations have been made during the change in the

5.37
which dries in places, lies 2.3 miles N of Viligili. Breakwaters
monsoons when the currents could be weak and variable at extend from the islet; reclamation work was in progress (1994)
times, but strong sets may always be encountered. on the NW side of the island.
Depths—Limitations.—The Magathu Faalan berth is 101m
5.37
Galu Falhu, a circular reef about 1 mile SE of Feydhoo, ap-
5.37

long, with an alongside depth of 10.2m. In addition, two light- pears to contain deep water.
erage berths each have an alongside depth of 3.4m. Tulusdu (Thulusdhoo) (4°22'N., 73°38'E.) has a small quay
Aspect.—Male is identified from N and NE by a white
5.37
within a protected harbor area. The lagoon has been deepened
mosque and minaret, and radio masts at its SE corner. and its entrance widened with a jetty built. Vessels up to 2,000
The E, S, and W coasts of Male are fringed by an unbroken
5.37
dwt have been reported to use the port. Several small ware-
reef, awash, extending from 23m to 0.2 mile from the S coast. houses are located near the quay.
The N side of the island is protected by a breakwater, about
5.37
Viligili (Mathidhahuraa) lies 0.5 mile ENE and another islet,
5.37

1.2m high and 4m wide, which is connected to the land at each with some palms and covered with bush, lies about 1.5 miles
end. Six passages lead through the breakwater into the harbor, WSW.
with another into a shallow pool at the W end. Lights are Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 120 gt
5.37

shown from beacons, painted in black and white bands, lying and is available daily from 0600 to 2300. Pilotage for departing
on each side of each of the passages. vessels is available 24 hours.
The inner harbor is used by small local craft and has depths
5.37
Pilots board in position 4°16'N, 73°34'E.
5.37

of 1.8 to 3m. The main passage, in the middle of the breakwa- Vessels sailing from Male should request a pilot from the
5.37

ter and 0.5 mile WNW of Sawmill Point, the NE point of the agent 3 hours prior to sailing.
island, is 17m wide. Regulations.—Vessels must report their ETA 48 hours and
5.37

South West Harbor is protected by a rough breakwater of

5.37
24 hours in advance to the Maldives Port Authority. The ETA
heaped coral extending 0.15 mile from the SW extremity of message should contain the following information:
Male. The harbor is used by inter-island trading boats, cargo 1. Vessel’s name.

Pub. 173
156 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

2. Master’s name and nationality. Maldives—Contact Information

3. Agent’s name.
4. Owner’s name. Coast Guard
5. Last port of call and next port of call. VHF VHF channel 16
6. Type of vessel.
7. Port of registry and number. Telephone 960-332-3431
8. Deadweight tons, gt, and nrt. Facsimile 960-332-5244
9. LOA and maximum draft.
Tugs
10. Call sign.
11. Details of dangerous cargo for discharging or in tran- VHF VHF channel 11
sit.
Telephone 960-330-7668
12. ETA at Male.
13. Cargo for the Maldives or in transit. Facsimile 960-330-9949
14. Air draft. Pilots
Vessels should confirm the ETA 12 hours before arrival. Ves-
5.37

sels should contact Male Harbor Control 2 hours prior to arriv- VHF VHF channel 10
al at the pilot boarding position on VHF channel 10. 960-777-5397
Vessels should obtain permission from the local authorities
5.37

before entering Bodu Kalhi. 960-777-6862

Telephone
Approval is required from harbor control for any work that
5.37
960-778-2247
could immobilize a vessel for 2 hours or more.
Vessels must get written approval from the Port Authority
5.37
960-793-1032
for any hot work to be done in port. E-mail hm@port.com.mv
All trade must be made through Male. Surrounding atolls
5.37

cannot trade with foreign vessels due to customs regulations. Anchorage.—Twelve designated anchorages areas have
5.37

Contact Information.— See the table titled Maldives—

5.37
been established (2013) in Male. The anchorages are 0.25 to
Contact Information. 4.0 miles N to W of Male and can best be seen on the chart.
Small vessels, during the Southwest Monsoon, can moor on
5.37

Maldives—Contact Information the E side of the circular reef about 0.8 mile NW of Dhoonid-
Port Authority hoo. A vessel can secure to an anchor set in the coral of this
reef, with a stern anchor laid out to E. Two anchors on the SE
VHF VHF channel 11 side of Dhoonidhoo can be used in the same way.
Telephone 960-332-9339 Directions.—Vessels bound for the harbor should approach
5.37

from the E using Bodu Kalhi. The W channel between Male

Facsimile 960-332-5293 and Viligili is not recommended.
E-mail info@port.com.mv Gaadhoo Koa (Male Passage) is approached with the E side
5.37

of Dhoonidhoo bearing 337°, and open NE of Funadhoo until

Web site http://www.port.com.mv the S end of Hulule runway bears 085°. Then steer through the
Harbor Control middle of the channel between Funadhoo and Hulule, and as
required round the N side of Funadhoo to approach the anchor-
Call sign Male Harbor Control age. The outline of the reefs is very distinct.
VHF VHF channel 10 In 1983, it was reported that because of the extended runway S
5.37

Telephone 960-332-9330 on Hulule Island, a more appropriate approach through Male

Passage should be made from farther SE, maintaining a mid-
Facsimile 960-332-8624 channel course. A vessel, at the approach on course 345°, report-
Harbormaster ed observing a current setting NNE at 3.5 knots until the S tip of
the runway was abeam to starboard, when a strong S to SW set
VHF VHF channel 10 of 4 knots was encountered with numerous eddies between
Telephone 960-777-1966 Smallmill Point and Wild Point. To remain in mid-channel and
to counteract the set and drift, a course of 008° was steered,
Facsimile 960-332-8624 thereafter, adjusting as necessary to the anchorage.
E-mail hm@port.com.mv If approaching Male from W, enter Kaashidoo Channel
5.37

(Kaashidoo) between Thoddoo (4°26'N., 72°57'E.) and Goidu

Terminal Operator Atoll (Horsburgh Atoll), 25 miles N of it. Pass close N clear of
VHF VHF channel 11 Thoddoo and then steer SE for Vaadhoo Kandu (Wadu Chan-
nel). When Male is identified and approached, follow the direc-
Telephone 960-332-7102 tions as mentioned above.
Facsimile 960-332-5237 Low-powered vessels, sailing vessels, and vessels arriving
5.37

E-mail cargo@port.com.mv from E, may use the opening in the reef 6 miles NNE of Male.
Steer to pass about 0.6 mile S of Lankanfinolhu, then N and W

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 157

of the reef lying 0.5 mile NW of Kaduoiygiri. Then steer S to islets are wooded, with many palm trees.
pass W of Vihamanaafushi, a wooded islet 3 miles N of Male, The lagoon is deep, but is encumbered with coral reefs,
5.40

and then W of Dhoonidhoo to the anchorage. which may be avoided in favorable light with a good lookout at
Caution.—Gaadhoo Koa (Male Passage) is closed to all ves-
5.37 the masthead.
sels due to strong currents of up to 6 knots caused by seasonal Wadu (4°07'N., 73°27'E.), in the middle of the N side of the
5.40

monsoons. A bridge, with a vertical clearance of 12m, spans atoll, has good openings in the reef on each side. There are
Male Passage connecting Hulule to Male. Land reclamation some sandbanks on the reef between Wadu and Huras, about
has taken place along the SE shoreline of Hulule. 4.5 miles ESE.
A good passage, with a depth of 20m in the fairway, lies
5.40

5.38 Giravaru (4°12'N., 73°24'E.), an islet covered in about 1 mile S of Huras. This channel was reported (1917) to
scrub and with a few coconut palms, lies on the SW side of be narrower than charted and this is confirmed by the latest
North Male Atoll, about 0.5 mile within the outer edge of the maps (1970) based on air photography; it should therefore be
barrier reef. In 1974, a small bare islet lay at the extremity of used with caution. Hembudu (Eboodhoo) is an uninhabited is-
the reef extending 1 mile W of Giravaru; a similar islet lies 1 let about 1.5 miles SW of Huras (Eboodhoofinolho). A shoal
mile S of Giravaru. depth of 5m is reported to lie SE of Hembudu, between the is-
A good, easily discernible channel, S of Giravaru, with a
5.38 land and the reef, therefore restricting passage to the S.
least depth of 48m in its center, leads through the barrier reef. Between the S side of this opening and the SE extremity of
5.40

A wider, less deep channel lies NW of Giravaru; a shoal patch, the atoll, there are a few openings with several islets and sand
with a least depth of 3.4m, lies in the channel, about 0.7 mile banks on the E side of South Male Atoll.
NW of Giravaru, where it broadens out into the lagoon.
Between Giravaru and Akirifuri, about 26 miles N, several
5.38 5.41 Guru (Gulhi) (3°59'N., 73°30'E.), Mafuri and Gura-
low bush-covered islets, about 7m high, lie on the W fringing du, about 3 and 5.5 miles, respectively, farther SSW, were in-
reef, giving effective warning of the reef lying about 0.2 mile habited in 1970.
outside them. A good channel, 0.5 mile wide with a least depth of 37m, lies
5.41

Several openings into the lagoon lie along this stretch of

5.38 at the SW end of the atoll; this channel lies between the W end
coast. The largest opening is abreast Hembadu, a heavily- of the reef forming the S side of the atoll, and the E side of a
wooded islet, about 17 miles N of Giravaru and 2 miles within detached reef NW and on which Rocky Islet lies. Rocky Islet,
the lagoon; the latest maps (1970), based on aerial photogra- according to the latest maps (1970) prepared from aerial pho-
phy, indicate dangers in the entrance to the W of those charted tography, may be much smaller than charted or may have dis-
near Hembadu. appeared. In 1987, this islet was reported to be nearly
A low islet, covered in trees and scrub in 1970, lies on the
5.38 submerged at HW.
barrier reef 6 miles SSW of Hembadu; a sandbank, similarly Warigili, an islet remarkable for a bushy sandbank extending
5.41

wooded, lies about 2 miles farther SSE. from its W side, lies about 8 miles N of the above opening. The
Akirifuri (4°38'N., 73°24'E.) is low and covered with bush-
5.38 widest of several openings in the W side of the atoll lies about
es; there is a small but safe opening on each side of this islet 4 miles N of Warigili; a sand bank lies on the S side of this
and another 1 mile ENE of it. opening.
Maps based on 1968 aerial photography indicate that other
5.38

openings between Giravaru and Akirifuri have dangers within Ari Atoll
the channels or close within the atoll abreast them. A survey
vessel observed similar indications of such dangers in 1974. 5.42 Ari Atoll (3°55'N., 72°50'E.) consists of many islands
and islets, of which 22 were inhabited in 1970. The principal
Wadu Channel occupations are catching turtles and weaving sails.
There are many good passages into the lagoon on all faces of
5.42

5.39 Wadu Channel (4°09'N.,73°27'E.), between the S the encircling reef, except the S face, where there is only one
end of North Male Atoll and the N end of South Male Atoll, break.
about 2.3 mile S, is very deep and free from dangers. The atoll lagoon is much encumbered with coral reefs, some
5.42

The tidal currents in the channel are very strong, the flood
5.39 with depths of 3.7 to 5.5m; others dry, leaving lagoons within.
setting E and the ebb W. During the monsoons, the tidal current The coral heads may be avoided on a clear day with a good
accelerated by the prevailing current, setting W during the lookout aloft.
Northeast Monsoon and E during the Southwest Monsoon, at- The influence of spring tides is felt in the lagoon.
5.42

tains a velocity of 4 knots, causing severe tide rips. The channel between Ari Atoll and South Male Atoll is deep
5.42

and sheltered from the ocean swell.

South Male Atoll Thoddoo (4°26'N., 72°57'E.), an island about 12.5 miles NE
of the N end of Ari Atoll, was inhabited in 1970 and partially
5.40 South Male Atoll (4°00'N., 73°25'E.) comprises wooded. The island may be sighted from a considerable dis-
about 25 islets, of which five were inhabited in 1970. Most of tance. It was reported (1934) to be larger than charted, and this
the islets lie along the E side, but some are on the W side. Safe is confirmed by the latest maps (1970) based on aerial photog-
passages are on one or both sides of all these islets, except for raphy. These also show the reef to extend about 0.6 mile farther
the four or five islets on the SE part of the atoll. Almost all the W than charted.

Pub. 173
158 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

Rasdu Atoll The W side of the atoll, in a general N-S direction, is com-
5.45

posed of large reefs enclosing lagoons. The passages between

5.43 Rasdu Atoll (Rasdhoo Atoll) (4°16'N., 73°00'E.), are mostly wide and deep.
about 5.5 miles S of Thoddoo, is connected with the NE part of Mandu, 15 miles NNW of Mamigili; Himendu, 12 miles far-
5.45

Ari Atoll by a submarine plateau with depths of 183 to 274m. ther N; Malos, 4 miles N of Himendu; and Feridu, 4 miles far-
It forms part of Ari Atoll for administrative purposes. ther N, were all inhabited in 1970.
In 1987, Rasdhoo was reported visible from a distance of 20
5.43 An opening in the reef about 7.5 miles WNW of Mamigili is
5.45

miles. narrow, as are the openings 2 and 3 miles farther N.

The channel between Rasdu Atoll and Thoddoo was reported
5.43 Passages, about 2 miles wide, lie N and S of the reef on
5.45

(1963) to be about 1.3 miles wider than charted. which Mandu lies. All the rest of the passages on the W side
Rasdu (4°16'N., 73°00'E.) and Kuramati, both inhabited in
5.43 are deep and safe.
1970, are islets on the S side of the atoll; the opening between Matiwari (4°12'N., 72°44'E.) and an unnamed islet, about
5.45

them can be used only by vessels if local knowledge is avail- 1.8 miles ESE, were inhabited in 1970. Good anchorage was
able. In 1963, Rasdu had trees 24m high, and Kuramati was obtained in 1942 about 2 miles E of Matiwari.
thickly wooded with some very tall trees.
Weligandu, about 2.5 miles NNE of Rasdu, had trees 14m
5.43
Fulidu Channel and Ariyaddu Channel
high in 1963. The other opening into the lagoon lies about 1
mile N of Weligandu, and has a least depth of 14.6m in the fair- 5.46 Fulidu Channel (3°45'N., 73°25'E.), between the S
way. end of South Male Atoll and the N end of Felidu Atoll, about 7
The lagoon is deep, but it is encumbered with coral reefs.
5.43 miles S, is deep and free from dangers.
Gaha Faro (4°16'N., 72°45'E.), a large reef with a lagoon
5.43 Ariyaddu Channel (3°25'N., 72°53'E.), between the S end
5.46

within, forms the N side of the W side of the atoll; a similar but of Ari Atoll and the N end of Nilandu Atoll, about 9.5 miles S,
smaller reef lies about 2.5 miles E. Observations in 1940 re- is also deep and free from dangers.
vealed depths of 16 and 23m in place of much greater depths in Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents, which are very strong
5.46

the original survey and thus the probability that the above reefs during spring tides, set E through Fulidu Channel and Ariyad-
are joining by a ridge of fast growing coral. du Channel with the flood, and E with the ebb. The tidal cur-
Caution.—Caution is necessary in the vicinity of the N end
5.43 rents are periodically retarded or accelerated by the current.
of Ari Atoll, because of the changes reported.
Felidu Atoll
5.44 Ukulahu (Ukulhas) (4°13'N., 72°51'E.), at the NE
end of the atoll, was inhabited in 1970; a good channel lies W 5.47 Felidu Atoll (3°30'N., 73°30'E.) consists of several is-
of the islet. An islet about 1 mile N of Ukulahu had almost dis- lets, seven of which were inhabited in 1970. The principal oc-
appeared in 1970. A sand bank lying about 1 mile E of Ukula- cupation is net weaving.
hu was reported (1987) a good radar target. Fulidu (3°41'N., 73°24'E.), an islet at the N point of the
5.47

From an islet about 1 mile E of Ukulahu, a chain of small

5.44 atoll, is well-wooded, with a conspicuous clump of trees at its
reefs extends about 6.5 miles SSE to Toroka, the N islet on the center, and was inhabited in 1970.
E side of the atoll. A red obstruction light was reported (1987) There are several safe but narrow openings along the N and
5.47

shown from a radio mast on Butala, lying about 3.8 miles S of NE sides of the atoll. The opening 1.5 miles E of Fulidu has a
Toroka, was visible from a distance of 12 miles. least charted depth of 9.1m in the fairways. In 1987, it was re-
Midu, about 15.5 miles S of Toroka, had a landing place
5.44 ported that patches with minimum depth of 6m existed and the
about the center of the S side abreast a village; there appears to area was breaking heavy seas. Two miles further ESE another
be another at the W end. A strong current sets through the opening has a submerged rock in mid-channel. There is a chan-
channel S of Midu. nel 1 mile E of Diggaru (3°38'N., 73°28'E.), and on each side
Aumedu, about 3.5 miles S of Midu, was inhabited in 1970
5.44 of Alimata, about 3 miles S. In 1987, the N channel was not
and had breakwaters on its N side. Mahiadu, about 2 miles far- recommended.
ther S, was inhabited in 1970 and had breakwaters on its N and Tinadu, about 6.5 miles SSE of Alimata, with Felidu and Ke-
5.47

S sides. adu farther SSE, are three islets at the head of the bight on the
Digura (3°33'N., 72°55'E.), on the SE side of the atoll, and
5.44 NE side of Felidu Atoll. The three islets were inhabited in
Kurafuri and Didu, farther SW, were inhabited in 1970. 1970; Felidu is the island of the Chief of the Atoll. The open-
Numerous passages lead into the E side of the lagoon and are
5.44 ings between these islets and the reefs between are narrow and
about 1 mile apart. Some are narrow, but all are safe if a good a heavy swell sets on them during the Northeast Monsoon; the
lookout is kept. The passage N of Digura is the widest and has currents and tidal current are strong.
a 3.7m patch on its S side. Between Keadu and Foteo, at the E extremity of the atoll,
5.47

there are other openings, narrow and without landmarks. This

5.45 Mamigili (3°30'N., 72°50'E.) and Ariyaddu, about 0.5 part of the barrier reef as well as the whole S face of the atoll
mile E, lie at the S extremity of the atoll and were inhabited in may be considered one continuous reef.
1970. The channels into the lagoon on either side of Ariyaddu, Foteo was inhabited in 1970 and has some tall trees on it.
5.47

though narrow, are free from dangers. The E channel has a Caution.—The latest maps confirm earlier reports that the
5.47

least depth of 51m and the W channel a least depth of 48m in NE edge of the reef N of Foteo extends about 1 mile farther NE
the fairway. A small reef lies about 1.5 miles N of Mamigili. than charted.

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 159

5.48 Rakidu (3°19'N., 73°27'E.), the S islet of the atoll, openings are small, but none has a depth of less than 18.3m.
was inhabited in 1970. There is a very narrow and deep chan- Tuvaru lies about 7 miles N of Kureli. An opening, close S of
5.50

nel, leading into the lagoon, on each side of Rakidu; both are the islet, forms a good channel with depths 55m, but there are
free from dangers in the fairways. coral reefs just within the entrance.
From the W channel at Rakidu to the W point of the atoll,
5.48

there are nine openings in the barrier reef, but there are no Nilandu Atoll
landmarks to help locate them. Lighted Beacon No. 2 lies on
the reef at the W point of the atoll. 5.51 Nilandu Atoll consists of North Nilandu Atoll and
Several openings in the NW side of the atoll are not easily
5.48 South Nilandu Atoll, separated by a deep channel 3.5 miles
seen. Gunawari, about 4 miles SW of Fulidu, has two conspic- wide. This channel is free from dangers. The islands of both
uous palms showing over dense scrub; an islet, about 1 mile atolls are mostly covered by vegetation with many coconut
ESE, has eight coconut palms. palms.
The latest maps (1970), based on aerial photography, con-
5.48

firm an earlier report that the reef between Gunawari and Fuli- 5.52 North Nilandu Atoll (3°31'N., 72°56'E.) has few is-
du has extended about 1 mile NW. lets on the barrier reef. There are several islets in the lagoon,
which is deep but encumbered with drying coral reefs.
Wataru Channel The islet of Ari Faro (3°20'N., 72°54'E.) marks the N end of
5.52

the atoll. An opening, with depths of 27 to 37m, lies about 1.3

5.49 Wataru Channel (3°15'N., 73°30'E.), between Felidu miles W of Ari Faro, and a broad deep opening, with a reef in
Atoll and Mulaku Atoll, about 8 miles S, is divided into two the middle, lies on the E side of Ari Faro.
channels at its W end by Wataru Reef. The S channel is wider From the latter opening, around the E boundary of the atoll
5.52

and both channels are deep. The currents and tidal currents are to its S point, there are openings from 1 to 4 miles apart; all
strong. Off Wataru Reef, heavy W swells are experienced. have moderate depths except the narrow passage S of Farna
Wataru Reef is a small atoll with a small opening at its S end,
5.49 (3°19'N., 72°59'E.), which has a charted depth of 5.5m.
which can only be used by boats. An islet lies on each side of Biladu (3°09'N., 72°59'E.), about 2 miles within the lagoon,
5.52

the opening; the E islet had palms on it in 1970. According to was inhabited in 1970 and had a boat harbor on its NW side.
the latest maps, the W islet may have disappeared; they also Nilandu (3°05'N., 72°54'E.), the S island of the atoll, was in-
5.52

show the reef to be about 1 mile longer in an E-W direction habited in 1970. The S opening into the lagoon, E of Nilandu,
than charted. is 1 mile wide with depths of 12.8 to 37m in the fairway. Da-
Rakidu, the S islet of Felidu Atoll, marks the N side of Wata-
5.49 umbuda, about 2 miles ENE of Nilandu, lies on the reef border-
ru Channel. ing the E side of the opening. Hekara, Maguda (the chief’s
island), and Daumbuda were inhabited in 1970.
Mulaku Atoll A wide, deep passage lies at the N end of the reef extending
5.52

4 miles NNW from Nilandu. On the N side of this passage is a

5.50 Mulaku Atoll (3°00'N., 73°29'E.) consists of several circular reef, N of which is a deep narrow passage.
islets, ten of which were inhabited in 1970. All the islets lie on Hemiti, about 12 miles NNW of Nilandu, is the W islet of
5.52

the barrier reef, except Mulaku, the largest islet, which lies the atoll and was inhabited in 1970. An opening, with a depth
close within the E side of the lagoon. of 24m, lies N of Hemiti and is bounded by the edge of the reef
There are many coral reefs in the lagoon, which has a sandy
5.50 projecting 1.5 miles N of the islet and the reef N.
bottom. There are some shoals in the opening about 6 miles SSE of
5.52

The reefs on the S and E sides of the atoll were reported

5.50 Farna, between Feartu and Mawafuri. The latter island is much
(1920) to be extending seaward; the latest maps prepared from smaller than charted due to erosion by the sea, but there were a
aerial photography confirm this. few palms on it in 1970.
Between the NW extremity of the atoll and Digaru, about 11
5.50

miles ESE, there are three narrow openings without nearby is- 5.53 South Nilandu Atoll (2°50'N., 72°56'E.) has many is-
lets to identify them. Digaru and Maduwari lie about 0.8 mile lets on the barrier reef on the E side of the atoll, but few on the
ESE. Close SE of the latter two islets are channels about 45.7m W side. The islets on the SE side of the atoll are closely
wide, with a least depth of 9.1m grouped.
Raimandu lies about 1 mile SSW of the NE point of the atoll.
5.50 The atoll has many openings in the barrier reef but is inac-
5.53

An opening in the barrier reef lies between the islets of Veva-

5.50 cessible on its SW side.
ru and Muli, about 8.5 and 10.5 miles, respectively, SSW of The lagoon is deep but encumbered with large and small cor-
5.53

Raimandu. The opening is narrowed to about 0.6 mile by the al reefs, some of which dry; these reefs are steep-to and easily
reefs extending from both islets. There is a deep channel discernible. Most of the many islets in the lagoon are in the N
through the opening, but the entrance is intricate, with a least part and about 3 miles within the lagoon.
depth of 5.5m in places. Mulaku lies close NW of the opening; Furi (3°01'N., 73°01'E.), the N islet on the E side of the
5.53

a village lies on the N side of the island. atoll, was uninhabited in 1970. There is an opening close SE of
5.50Landing can only be made on the W side of the islets. The Furi.
nearest entrance to the lagoon lies 2 miles W of Kolufuri. From the latter opening the reef, with six other openings and
5.53

From Kureli (2°47'N., 73°21'E.) the reef extends N for 24

5.50 about 20 islets upon it, extends to Kandimas, about 16 miles S.
miles, with 14 safe openings into the lagoon. Some of these A narrow opening on the reef, between Kandimas and Wani,
5.53

Pub. 173
160 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

about 1 mile SW, has a least depth of 37m in the fairway. The close W of Koragandu, has a least charted depth of 29m, but
latter islet was inhabited in 1970. care must be taken to avoid reefs about 1 mile S of the opening.
Another opening, about 2.8 miles farther SW and NE of
5.53 Olugeri lies about 6 miles ESE of Koragandu. The E en-
5.56

Maimbudu, has a least depth of 12.8m in the fairway. trance on the N side of the atoll lies close E of Olugeri, and has
a least charted depth of 9.1m.
5.54 Kuda Huvadu (2°41'N., 72°54'E.), at the S extremity Wilifuri, at the NE end of the atoll, was populated in 1970.
5.56

of the atoll, was inhabited in 1970 and is the atoll chief’s is- From close N of Wilifuri, the reef extends about 12 miles S
5.56

land. The opening, E of the island, is about 1.5 miles wide with to Diyagili and has no openings. Diyagili and Mudufuri, about
a least depth of 16.5m in the fairway. 2 miles NE, are inhabited.
Huludali, about 12 miles NNW of Kuda Huvadu, was inhab-
5.54 A good channel, about 0.7 mile between the reefs and with a
5.56

ited in 1970 and has openings N and S of it. The S opening, least depth of 14.6m, lies close SW of Diyagili; there is a tide
about 0.2 mile wide between the edges of the reef, has a least rip across the entrance.
charted depth of 27m. The N opening, between Huludali and Guradu, on which there is a village, lies 1 mile SW of Diy-
5.56

Madali, about 1.3 miles NW, is about 0.8 mile wide between agili.
the reefs, and has a least depth of 35m in the fairway; this Between Guradu and Timarafuri, about 13 miles SW, there
5.56

opening is better defined than the opening S of Huludali. A are no openings in the barrier reef; numerous islets lie on this
reef extends about 0.8 mile E of Madali. reef.
There are three openings on the barrier reef between Madali
5.54 There are three openings between Timarafuri and Veimandu,
5.56

and Furi, about 12.5 miles NE, but there are no other islets on about 3 miles WSW; the latter two islets are inhabited. The
this part of the reef. The NW side of the atoll is unsafe to ap- channel close W of Timarafuri has a least charted depth of 68m
proach, as some islets inside the lagoon have trees on them vis- and is free from dangers. The channel, about 1 mile farther W,
ible from a distance, but they lie too far within to provide safe is not recommended; it has a least depth of 11m and care must
navigational marks. be taken to avoid rocks on its E side. A broad, deep channel
Dures and Rimbudu lie within the lagoon, about 3 and 4
5.54 lies about 1 mile farther W and close E of Veimandu, but a
miles, respectively, NE of Madali; they are called the Jewel- large coral patch, with off-lying rocks, lies about 0.8 mile with-
lers’ Islands because the inhabitants were at one time the chief in the entrance.
jewellers of the Maldive Islands. Rimbudu was inhabited in The barrier reef then extends from Veimandu to Naraka,
5.56

1970. about 8 miles W, and then about 5 miles NNW to Hirilandu.

Anchorage NE of Rimbudu is more comfortable in a SW
5.54 The most convenient entrance from the W, and the only one
5.56

swell than that S of the island. on the W side, lies between Hirilandu and Kandudu, about 2
miles N. The entrance is constructed by a reef, partly above-
Kudahuvadu Channel water, in the middle of the opening, with an islet about 1 mile
E. Vessels may best avoid the reef by keeping well to the S or
5.55 Kudahuvadu Channel (2°40'N., 73°15'E.), between N sides of the opening, while maintaining a sharp lookout for
Mulaku and Nilandu Atolls to N, and Kolumadulu Atoll to S, is the reefs extending N from Hirilandu and S from Kandudu.
deep and free from dangers. It is about 15 miles wide at its E Anchorage.—There is anchorage, according to the prevailing
5.56

entrance and about 9.5 miles wide at its W entrance. wind, on the E side of Hirilandu or the E side of Kandudu, but
The W entrance of the channel is well-defined on its N side
5.55 care must be taken to anchor clear of coral patches.
by Kuda Huvadu; the S side of the entrance is not so well-
marked. Veimandu Channel
Tides—Currents.—Currents in Kudahuvadu Channel are
5.55

more obstructed than those in the channels farther S because of 5.57 Veimandu Channel (2°10'N., 73°20'E.), between
the nearby atolls, and consequently are more uncertain in di- Kolumadulu Atoll and Miladummadulu Atoll, about 16 miles
rection and their velocities are greater. SE, is deep and free from dangers, but it is inadvisable to pro-
Tidal currents set E through the channel with the flood and
5.55 ceed through it at night.
W with the ebb. Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents in this channel have a ve-
5.57

locity of about 2 knots at springs, but this velocity may be ac-

Kolumadulu Atoll celerated or retarded by the prevailing current.
A current of 1.8 to 3.5 knots, setting in 070° direction, was
5.57

5.56 Kolumadulu Atoll (2°23'N., 73°08'E.) has several experienced in Veimandu Channel in October, 1960.
openings in its barrier reef; there are islets on its E, S, and W
sides, but very few on its N side. The lagoon is encumbered Haddummati Atoll
with numerous drying coral reefs.
The few islets on the N side of the atoll were wooded in
5.56 5.58 Haddummati Atoll (1°55'N., 73°25'E.) has six open-
1970, and had many coconut trees. ings in the barrier reef surrounding it, four of which are suit-
Kandufuri (2°32'N., 73°00'E.) has openings in the reef
5.56 able for large vessels. The lagoon is encumbered by many coral
about 1.3 miles WSW and close E; both openings are deep. reefs, but these can be seen by a lookout at the masthead on a
Kandufuri was reported to be a good radar target at 15 miles. clear day with the sun behind.
Buruni, about 8 miles E of Kandufuri, has a channel close E
5.56 Isdu (2°07'N., 73°35'E.), at the N extremity of the atoll, had
5.58

with a depth of 12.8m. Another opening, about 2.5 miles E and several villages on it. It was reported (1963) that Isdu lies about

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 161

3 miles NNW of its charted position. The N of the atoll is bounded by detached reefs, with a few
5.61

The inhabited islet of Mabadu lies about 5.5 miles SSW of

5.58 islets about 2 miles within. There are several safe passages, but
Isdu. Passages lie N and S of Mabadu; the N passage is shal- as there are no islets on this portion of the barrier reef to pro-
low, but the S passage is about 0.2 mile wide, with depths of vide landmarks, a careful lookout is necessary.
14.6m. From its N point on the E side, the barrier reef extends about
5.61

From the latter opening, the barrier reef extends about 12.5
5.58 11 miles SSE and is impassable. Mametu, about 4.5 miles from
miles SSW to close W of Gadu, at the E opening of the S en- the above N point, consists of two islets, and are the first islets
trance to the lagoon. Of the several islets on this section of reef, to be seen when approaching from NE.
Mandu, Baresdu, Gang, and Funadu are inhabited. Gang and Wiringili (0°45'N., 73°26'E.), densely inhabited in 1970,
5.61

Funadu were reported (1970) to lie about 2 miles NW of their lies at the S end of the impassable reef. Kudu lies about 0.5
charted positions. mile farther S. There are passages N and S of Kudu. The N pas-
Funadu was reported to be a good radar target at 18 miles.
5.58 sage is about 0.2 mile wide with a least depth of 22m, and the S
The S opening into the lagoon lies between the reef extend-
5.58 passage is about 0.3 mile wide with a least depth of 24m.
ing 0.5 mile SW of Gadu and the reef close E of Hitadu, about Between Kudu and Kandu Huludu, about 23 miles SSE,
5.61

2.5 miles SW. The opening is divided into two passages by there are a number of openings in the reef and numerous islets
three reef-fringed islets lying just within and on the W side of lying on it. Of the islets, Nilandu, Dandu, Hura Mula, Kondai,
the entrance. The E passage has a least depth of 55m and the W Diaddu, Mawaru, and Kandu Huludu were inhabited in 1970.
passage has a least charted depth of 27m. Several coral reefs lie A passage, about 0.5 mile wide, with depths of 12.8 to 14.6m
5.61

in the fairway W of the three islets, and care must be taken if in the fairway, lies between Kandu Huludu and Huluwarolu,
using the W passage. about 1 mile WSW.
From the NE end of Huluwarolu, the barrier reef extends
5.61

5.59 Hitadu (1°48'N., 73°25'E.), on the W side of the S about 5.5 miles SW, and just within its SW end is an islet
opening, is the atoll chief’s island; with Kunahandu, close W, called Gadu, inhabited in 1970. Several islets are on this part of
the two islands appear as one. In 1984, a light was reported on the reef, and from the offing appear as one. A narrow passage
the W end of Hitadu Island. SW of Gadu has a least depth of 3.6m in the fairway.
The barrier reef extends from close E of Hitadu for about 12
5.59

miles NW to about 1.5 miles N of Mavaru. The latter island, at 5.62 Gan (0°17'N., 73°22'E.), inhabited in 1970 and the
the W extremity of the atoll, is the principal island. largest island of the atoll, lies about 1 mile W of Gadu.
Anchorage.—Convenient anchorage has been reported, in
5.59 Gan Channel, W of Gan, is about 1.5 miles wide, with a least
5.62

44m, N of Hitadu. Landing was easily made on a sandy beach depth of 55m in the fairway. An islet, about 2 miles NNW of
after passing over the reef which extends about 183m offshore. the SW end of Gan, can be passed on either side, but care must
Good anchorage, sheltered from W winds, can be found, in
5.59 be taken to avoid a reef extending 1.3 miles SSW of it, and also
31 to 37m, about 0.8 mile E of Mavaru. Low Bushy Island off the W end of this reef. Inside the en-
trance of this channel, the lagoon is encumbered with islands
One and Half Degree Channel and reefs all plainly visible from aloft in favorable light.
Several channels are in the barrier reef, between the W side
5.62

5.60 One and Half Degree Channel (1°30'N., 73°20'E.), of the entrance to Gan Channel and Wadu, about 7 miles WSW.
between Haddummati Atoll and Suvadiva Atoll, about 52 miles The channel between Rasfanu, 6 miles W of Gan, and Kuri,
S, is deep and free from dangers. about 1.8 miles farther W, has a least depth of 37m and leads
A detached shoal, with a depth of 15.5m, was reported
5.60 N.
(1963) to lie about 21 miles N of the N of Suvadiva Atoll. Wadu, inhabited in 1970, is the site of ancient mosques and
5.62

Currents setting E, with velocities up to 3.5 knots, have been

5.60 burial places; the barrier reef extends about 2.5 miles WSW of
experienced in October and November. During the Northeast Wadu. The channel into the lagoon, close W of the latter reef,
Monsoon period (December to March), a set W of nearly 4 has a least depth of 12.8m in the fairway.
knots was reported in 1972. Matoda, about 6 miles W of Wadu, lies on the W end of the S
5.62

coral reef of the atoll. This reef contains several islets and ex-
Suvadiva Atoll tends about 4.3 miles ESE from Matoda.
Fiori (0°14'N., 73°05'E.), inhabited in 1970, lies about 1
5.62

5.61 Suvadiva Atoll (Huvadu Atoll) (0°30'N., 73°15'E.) is mile W of Matoda. A deep channel, about 0.3 mile wide and
one of the largest of the Maldive Islands, and also one of the fringed by reef, lies between the two islets.
unhealthiest of the atolls. Elephantiasis is said to be common From Fiori, the reef extends about 7 miles NW to Nadale,
5.62

and cases of leucodermia have been reported; isolation of such and then about 10 miles NNW to Madaveli; this portion of reef
cases is strictly enforced by the government. is so densely encumbered with small islets as to appear as a
Many islets are on the barrier reef and within the lagoon, but
5.61 single large island from some directions.
not all are inhabited. The lagoon has greater depths than the Kandudu Channel, between Madaveli and Kandudu, about 1
5.62

other atolls of the Maldive Islands, and is less obstructed by mile N, is the more convenient and principal entrance into the
coral reefs. lagoon. It is about 0.8 mile wide, with a least depth of 11m.
The atoll is the center of the Maldivian mat industry, as the
5.61 Havaru Tinadu, about 4 miles N of Madaveli, is well-wood-
5.62

rushes from which the mats are made are found in great quanti- ed, very low, and swampy in parts. It is densely populated and
ties. reported to be the seat of government of the atoll, with radio

Pub. 173
162 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

communication with Male. From SW or W, this islet may ap- ing bank, on which the sea breaks heavily up to 0.8 mile off-
pear as the N point of the atoll, because none of the low-lying shore, extends about 1.5 miles SSE from the S end of the
islets N of it are wooded. island. This bank, composed of hard sand, with small coral
Between Havaru Tinadu and Mafuri, about 21 miles NNE,
5.62 rock is steep-to.
the barrier reef recedes to form a bight. There are numerous Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained during moderate
5.65

openings into the lagoon on the NW side, but no useful land- weather, in 11 to 12.8m, on the S end of the shelving bank.
marks; however, a vessel might pass through one of these A landing place on the E side of the islands can be recog-
5.65

openings in an emergency with a good lookout at the masthead nized by a collection of boat sheds. Landing on the W side is
and with favorable light conditions. dangerous and should not be attempted.

5.63 Mafuri (0°50'N., 73°08'E.), the principal islet on the Addu Atoll (Addoo Atoll)
NW side of the atoll, was densely inhabited in 1970. Its fring-
ing reef extends about 1 mile N of the islet. Landing is at the 5.66 Addu Atoll (0°39'S., 73°10'E.), the S atoll of the Mal-
village near the middle of the E side of the islet. The boat chan- dive Islands, is fertile and consists of many islands and islets
nel is not marked and only boats of shallow draft can land here lying on a barrier reef enclosing a lagoon which provides good
at LW. anchorage.
Hibadu, within the lagoon and about 3.5 miles E of Mafuri,
5.63 The barrier reef, which dries, extends about 0.5 mile seaward
5.66

was uninhabited in 1970 and very unhealthy. It lacks palm trees of the islands. Four deep channels lead through the barrier reef
but is marked by tall luxuriant trees. into the lagoon, which has general depths of 18.3 to 75m.
Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, sheltered an-
5.63 The islands and islets on the W side are more densely wood-
5.66

chorage can be found on the W side of Nilandu (0°38'N., ed than those on the E side, which are covered with scrub.
73°23'E.). Vessels with local knowledge can enter the lagoon Good radar returns have been reported from Addu Atoll at
5.66

on either side of the reef on which Nilandu lies; care must be 11 miles
taken to avoid a coral reef that lies in the middle of the N chan- Winds—Weather.—Wind direction has a seasonal pattern
5.66

nel. Anchorage can also be found on the W side of Kondai not conforming to that of the monsoon. Winds from NNE pre-
about 10 miles SE, but local knowledge is necessary. dominate in January and February, backing to W in March,
Good anchorage can be obtained about 0.5 mile NW of Gadu
5.63 April, and May and to S in July and August. In September, the
and also off Gan. predominant direction veers to become W in October and No-
Hondedu (0°27'N., 73°00'E.), S of Madaveli, affords good
5.63 vember, and N by December. Wind speeds are generally below
anchorage, in 49 to 64m, on its E side during the Southwest 15 knots, with greatest mean speeds in May and October. Oc-
Monsoon; local knowledge is necessary. casional gusts exceeding 40 knots occur at any time of year in
Anchorage may be obtained in the NW part of the lagoon, in
5.63 association with rain showers from SW or NW.
18.3m, with Mafuri bearing 267°, distant 1 mile. Winds from E are rare and usually light.
5.66

Tides—Currents.—Addu Atoll and Equatorial Channel lie

5.66

Equatorial Channel in the N fringe of the Equatorial Counter-Current. The predom-

inant direction of the current appears to be E or NE throughout
5.64 Equatorial Channel (0°00', 73°15'E.) is the name the year, but observations are scanty and marked variations no
generally applied to the channel between Suvadiva Atoll and doubt occur.
Addu Atoll, about 46 miles S, but the name should be more Observations suggest the current increases in strength within
5.66

properly applied to the channel between the S point of Suvadi- 50 miles from the atoll.
va Atoll and Fua Mulaku, which lie about 12 miles N and 16 Approaching Addu Atoll from W in approximate latitude
5.66

miles S, respectively, of the Equator. There are no known dan- 0°45'S, a vessel reported (1965) that the counter-current was
gers between Suvadiva Atoll and Addu Atoll. running at 1 knot or less. When E of meridian 72°E, the current
Tides—Currents.—Strong E and W sets, with velocities up
5.64 increased setting ENE at an estimated 3 knots and possibly in-
to 5.5 knots, have been reported in Equatorial Channel, but in creasing to 5 knots when about 30 miles W of Gan.
its S part the easterly counter equatorial current, with a velocity On the S side of the atoll, the flood current sets strongly into
5.66

up to about 4 knots, seems to prevail. the lagoon through Wilingili Channel (Viligili Kandu) and out
of the lagoon through Gan Channel (Gan Kandu). The ebb cur-
Fua Mulaku Island rent sets out through both channels; thus the current through
Gan Channel (Gan Kandu) is continuously out of the lagoon.
5.65 Fua Mulaku Island (0°17'S., 73°26'E.) is wooded The current sets strongly across the entrance to Gan Channel
5.66

and inhabited. In 1968, the island was reported to lie about 3 (Gan Kandu), usually in an E direction, but after a spell of E
miles WNW of its charted position. In 1963, the island was re- winds a set to the SW is experienced.
ported to extend 1.5 miles more in a NW-SE direction than On the N side of the atoll, in Kudu Kandu Channel (Kuda
5.66

shown on the chart; recent air photography (1969) confirmed Kandu), the current sets in with the flood and out with the ebb,
an extension in these directions of 1 mile. but in Man Kandu Channel it sets continuously out of the la-
Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents in the vicinity of Fua
5.65 goon. The tidal current in Man Kandu Channel is reported to
Mulaku set W on the ebb and E on the flood, but are little felt attain a velocity of 5 knots.
except in retarding or accelerating the current. The tidal rise at Addu Atoll is 1.2m at MHWS and 0.8m at
5.66

Fua Mulaku is steep-to on its W, N, and E sides, but a shelv-

5.65 MHWN.

Pub. 173
 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands 163

Caution.—Shoaler depths than charted have been reported

5.66 Caution.—The lighted buoys and buoys in the channels and
5.68

(2018). the lagoon should not be relied upon.

5.67 East side.—Meedhoo (Hulhumeedhoo) (0°35'S., 5.69 West side.—The barrier reef, with several islands on
73°14'E.), the NE islet of the atoll, is thickly wooded (1973), it, extends about 7.5 miles NW of Gan.
except near the village Meedhoo at its NW end and near the Feydhoo, close NW of Gan, to which it is connected by a ru-
5.69

village of Huludu at its S end. ined causeway, is thickly wooded.

Heratera, a narrow isthmus, thickly wooded (1973) in its N
5.67 Maradhoo, thickly wooded in its SE part, lies close NW of
5.69

part, extends about 2.5 miles S from the S end of Meedhoo. Feydhoo and is connected to it by a causeway.
Kalohera and Mulikadu lie about 0.2 mile and about 1 mile
5.67 Hankada, about 183m NW of Maradhoo, is connected to it
5.69

S, respectively, of the S end of Heratera; a coconut palm stands by a causeway and also to Abuhera farther NW.
near the E side of Mulikadu. The barrier reef extends about 0.8 Abuhera is connected by a narrow isthmus to Hithadhoo, the
5.69

mile SW of Mulikadu. NW and largest island of Addu Atoll. The latter island is thick-
Viligili, an island with its N end about 1.4 miles SW of Mu-
5.67 ly wooded N of its junction with Abuhera. Two radio masts,
likadu, lies on a detached reef. The NE part of the island is cov- exhibiting red obstruction lights at an elevation of 73m, lie near
ered with scrub and is heavily wooded. The island was the S point of Hithadhoo. Close S of the masts is a radome,
uninhabited in 1973, but is sometimes visited by fishermen. conspicuous to seaward from S and W, with numerous unlit ra-
Wilingili Channel (Viligili Kandu), an opening into the lagoon, dio masts, with elevations of about 36m, extending 0.5 mile
lies NE of Viligili. Gan Channel (Gan Kandu), another open- NW. A large village, with three mosques, is situated on the N
ing, lies SW of Viligili. part of the island.
Koattey (Demon Point) (0°35'S., 73°05'E.), the N extremity
5.69

5.68 Gan (0°41'S., 73°10'E.), at the S end of Addu Atoll, of Hithadhoo, lies about 3.3 miles N of the radome.
lies about 1 mile W of the SW end of Viligili. The island was
lent in 1960 to the British Government as a staging post for the 5.70 North side.—From Koattey (Demon Point), the outer
Royal Air Force. The British presence on the island ceased on edge of the barrier reef trends SE and E for about 3.5 miles to
March 31, 1976. the W entrance point of Kudu Kandu Channel. Man Kandu
Depths—Limitations.—A concrete pier, 135m long and
5.68 Channel, about 0.8 mile farther E, is separated from Kudu Kan-
13.4m wide, is situated about 0.3 mile E of the NW end of the du Channel by two sandy cays; Kandu Huraa (Bushy Islet), the
island. There is a channel 15.2m wide, with a depth of 2.3m on E cay, has a prominent group of trees on it.
both sides of the jetty. There is a least depth of 2.7m at the sea- From the E entrance point of Man Kandu Channel, the barri-
5.70

ward end of the jetty. er reef extends about 5.5 miles ENE to the NE extremity of
An oil pier, about 0.2 mile ESE of the concrete pier, extends
5.68 Meedhoo. Mahira Island, on this reef, extends to about 1 mile
134m to the edge of the barrier reef. Tankers using the oil pier W of the NW extremity of Meedhoo.
anchor off and secure the stern to moorings buoys off the head
of the pier. 5.71 Lagoon.—The reef fringing the islands extends about
Aspect.—The island is very fertile, with many palm and ca-
5.68 0.5 mile into the lagoon, except in the SW corner, where it is
suarina trees on its NW side, but the S part is covered with less than 0.2 mile off Gan and Feydhoo. The fringing reef ex-
scrub. The N shore is lined with buildings associated with the tends much farther in the NE and NW parts of the lagoon,
airfield on the island. A conspicuous clump of casuarina trees which are encumbered with coral reefs; the NE part has not
stands at the SE end of the island. been thoroughly examined, and vessels should not approach
Numerous radio masts, with elevations of 40m, some of
5.68 these areas too closely.
which are marked by red obstruction lights, are situated on the Medu Gaa and Arivara are two coral heads which dry, lying
5.71

S side of the island. In the same area is a lattice tower, with an in the middle of the lagoon, about 3 and 3.5 miles, respectively,
elevation of 30m, and fitted with reflector devices, the upper NE of the E extremity of Gan. Hulhuvaa Galaa, with a least
rectangular and the lower crescent-shaped. A black lattice tow- depth of 4.9m, lies about 0.2 mile S of Medu Gaa.
er, fitted with cross-trees, lies close NE of this tower. Aa Galaa drying coral shoal, lies about 1.3 miles NW of the
5.71

Two blue square towers, with elevations of 9m, lie on the N

5.68 NW extremity of Gan.
side of the island about 0.8 mile farther NW; they are conspicu- Dhebai Halaa, with a least depth of 8.5m, lies about 1 mile N
5.71

ous from N and E, but obscured from the NW. A similar tower of Aa Galaa.
and several radio masts, all with an elevation of 29m, lie about Anchorage.—Anchorage, during E winds, can be taken off
5.71

0.2 mile W of the water towers; the tower and some of the the W side of the E islands, and in W or S winds off the NE
masts are marked by red obstruction lights. side of the SW islands; local knowledge is necessary. These are
Pilotage.—No licensed pilot is available.
5.68 the most convenient anchorages for communication with the
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in about 40m, good
5.68 inhabitants. Anchorage off Gan was previously described in
holding ground of coral and sand, from 0.4 to 0.5 mile ENE of paragraph 5.68.
the jetties on the N side of Gan. There is very little swell here, Swell may be experienced in the lagoon throughout the year,
5.71

but farther inside the lagoon it may be moderate to heavy. but most often and most severely with W or S winds, when re-
Ships up to 12,000 gt anchor regularly in this area. Ships for-
5.68 fueling alongside a tanker or loading and discharging a ship
merly anchored farther WNW, but this area is now fouled by a may be difficult.
submarine cable. Caution.—A submarine cable, on the W side of the lagoon,
5.71

Pub. 173
164 Sector 5. The Laccadive Islands and the Maldive Islands

is laid between the NW end of Gan and Hithadhoo. Vessels are has a least depth of 18.3m and is entered on a NW course. Care
warned not to anchor within 0.5 mile of this cable, which car- should be taken to avoid a 12.2m shoal at the lagoon end of the
ries high voltage. channel close off the reef on the SW side.
Man Kandu Channel and Kudu Kandu Channel, the N chan-
5.72

5.72 Entrance channels.—Gan Channel and Wilingili nels, are not easy to distinguish from N.
Channel, the S channels, are to be preferred to the N channels, Man Kandu Channel, about 0.2 mile wide between the shoal
5.72

as they are broader and less intricate; a daylight approach is ground extending from the reefs on either side, has a least
recommended. Aircraft runway lights at each end of the run- depth of 12.2m in the fairway.
way at Gan are switched on when it is in use; the lights are in Kudu Kandu Channel, about 0.1 mile wide between the
5.72

line 098.5°, but have no navigational significance for ships. fringing reefs, has a least depth of 24m in the fairway. Kudu
Gan Channel is about 0.4 mile wide, with depths of 16.5 to
5.72 Kandu Channel is longer and narrower than Man Kandu Chan-
18.3m in the fairway. nel, and is unlit.
Wilingili Channel, about 0.4 mile wide between the reefs,
5.72

Pub. 173
 165
6. Point
Sector 6—India—East Coast—Point Calimere to Balisahi

6.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 6 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 167

SECTOR 6
INDIA—EAST COAST—POINT CALIMERE TO BALISAHI POINT

Plan.—This sector describes the E coast of India, from Point

6.0 perienced close offshore and they vary the strength of the cur-
Calimere to Balisahi Point, and includes the Coromandel Coast rent in the neighborhood of Middle Banks in Palk Strait.
and the Orissa Coast within its limits; Chennai (Madras) and
Vishakhapatnam are the main harbors. The descriptive se- Point Calimere to Chennai (Madras)
quence is from S to N as far as Cocanada and then NE to Bali-
sahi Point. 6.2 Point Calimere (10°17'N., 79°52'E.) is the southern-
most extremity of the Coromandel Coast and the NW entrance
General Remarks point of Palk Strait. The following conspicuous objects lie in
the vicinity of the point:
6.1 The E coast of India, from Point Calimere N to Co- 1. Point Calimere Light, shown from a concrete tower,
canada, is about 500 miles long and is known as the Coroman- 18.2m high, close within the point; a racon transmits from
del Coast. That part of the coast between Cocanada and the tower.
Balisahi Point, about 364 miles NE, is known as the Orissa 2. Kodiyakkarai Bungalows, about 3 miles WSW of the
Coast. point.
The low sandy coast fronting the W side of the Bay of Ben-
6.1 3. Two dark-colored pagodas about 5 miles N of the
gal is exposed to a very heavy surf. As a result, there is little or point and 1 mile inland. These pagodas are shaped like ob-
no shelter provided for vessels other than small craft. The har- long haystacks and are in range 270°.
bors at Chennai and Vishakhapatnam are the only large ports
providing shelter and berthing facilities for all classes of ves-
sels. The coast S of Chennai appears to have been encroached
upon by the sea to a considerable extent.
Between Pondicherry and Chennai, scattered hills rise to
6.1

heights of 46 to 198m, at distances of 2 to 16 miles inland.

Similar hills lie in the vicinity of Nellore, and as far N as the
Gundlakamma River.
Between Godavari Point and Shortt’s Island, about 360 miles
6.1

NE, the coast is low and barren in places and relatively high
and densely wooded in other places. With the exception of Co-
canada and False Bays, there are no indentations of any appre-
ciable size.
The depth curves generally parallel the coast with the 200m
6.1

curves lying about 15 to 25 miles offshore between Godavari

Point and the mouth of the Devi River (19°59'N., 86°24'E.).
Winds—Weather.—Changes in the monsoons are usually
6.1

accompanied by bad weather. Cyclonic storms, although rare,

sometimes occur near the middle of November or the begin-
ning of April. The rainy season commences toward the end of
June and ends in the latter part of November.
Tides—Currents.—The direct effect of the Northeast Mon-
6.1

soon and the Southwest Monsoon winds on the surface waters

of the Bay of Bengal is the development of seasonal currents in
opposite directions. Point Calimere Light
Along the E coast of India, on the W side of the bay, it is not
6.1

unusual to experience currents setting with velocities of 2 to 3 Depths—Limitations.—Between Point Calimere and Ma-
6.2

knots. From February through May, a strong current sets to the dras, there are no charted or known dangers seaward of the
N, and from September through December, a similar current 35m curve.
setting to the S may be experienced. A survey party found cur- The 120m curve lies about 2 to 16 miles offshore, lying at its
6.2

rents with velocities of 1 to 2 knots outside the 45m curve, less greatest distance off the E of Point Calimere.
current between the 35 and 18m curves, and little or no current An 8.7m detached shoal lies about 7.5 miles ENE of Point
6.2

inside the latter curve. Close to the shore, the current was occa- Calimere. A drying sand bank extends about 2 miles NE of the
sionally reversed. same point. During bad weather small craft shelter inside this
When the current was setting to the N in the offing, a set out
6.1 bank.
of Palk Strait was usually found, and presumably the reverse Nagappattinam Shoal, about 5 miles long and composed of
6.2

takes place when the current sets to the S. Tidal currents are ex- hard sand and stones, lies parallel to the coast about 4 to 5

Pub. 173
168 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

miles offshore. The N end of this shoal lies about 6.8 miles SE
of Nagappattinam Light. Depths over this shoal range from 6.1
to 8.5m.
6.2Several 18.3m patches lie outside the 18m curve, about 12.5
to 17.5 miles NE of Pondicherry Light.
6.2The coast between Point Calimere and Nagappattinam,
about 28 miles to the N, is low and fringed by trees. Sand ridg-
es, 3 to 10m high, also fringe the coast.
6.2The two dark-colored pagodas, previously described above,
and the church at Velanganni, about 5 mile S of Nagappat-
tinam, are the only distinguishable landmarks between Point
Calimere and Nagappattinam.

6.3 Nagappattinam (Negapatam) (10°46'N., 79°51'E.)

(World Port Index No. 49350), the principal port of the Thanja-
vur District, lies at the mouth of the Uppanar River.
6.3Vessels anchor in the roadstead off the port to work cargo.
All cargo is handled at the anchorage by lighters. About 114 of
these lighters are available, each with a capacity of 40 tons.
These lighters unload and load at the river’s quays at HW.
6.3Winds—Weather.—During the Northeast Monsoon, the
predominant wind is from the NE at a force of 6 to 7. The port
is closed to shipping at this time. During the Southwest Mon-
soon, the wind is W a force 6.
6.3Tides—Currents.—In general, the currents off Nagappat- Nagappattinam Light
tinam set with the wind and vary with its direction and force.
The tides off the port are semidiurnal. displayed from the station to assist vessels in anchoring on the
6.3Depths—Limitations.—The 10m curve lies about 2 miles most suitable bearing from the lighthouse; Flag K indicates a
off the port; the depths shoal gradually toward the shore. bearing of 260°, with each subsequent letter indicating a 5° in-
6.3There is a least depth of 1.2m over the bar which crosses the crease to Flag Q, which indicates a bearing of 290°.
mouth of the Uppanar River. The river channel leading to the 6.3Storm signals are displayed from the lighthouse in accor-
river quays has a dredged depth of 2.4m. Cargo lighters must dance with the Indian Extended System. Further information
have a draft of less than 1.2m to cross the bar and enter the riv- on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Di-
er. The sea breaks over the bar in nearly all weathers and cross- rections (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian
ing can be dangerous for boats unless carefully handled. Boats Ocean under “India—Signals.”
are not permitted to cross the bar after dark. 6.3Contact Information.— See the table titled Nagappat-
6.3The Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL) Jetty tinam—Contact Information.
extends E from the S entrance point of the Vettar River, about
3.7 miles N of the mouth of the Uppanar River. The jetty has a Nagapattinam—Contact Information
single dolphin berth at its head, with an alongside depth of 8m,
and can accommodate a vessel up to 40,000 dwt. Port
6.3Aspect—A minaret at Nagore, 46m high, about 3.3 miles N Call sign Nagapattinam Port Radio
of Nagappattinam, can be seen before the adjacent coast be- VHF VHF channels 11, 13, 14, and 16
comes visible. Upon closer approach, Nagappattinam Light,
the tall church spire to the NW and two chimneys at the rail- 91-4365-242-255
way workshop to the SW, are conspicuous from the offing. Telephone
91-4365-242-363
6.3Nagappattinam has been reported to be a good radar target
up to 17 miles. http://www.tnmaritime.com/govern-
Web site
6.3Pilotage.—Pilots for vessels using the CPCL Jetty board ment_ports.php?port=2
about 1.75 miles SE of the head of the jetty. Pilots are available CPCL Jetty
only from 0600-1000 and 1500-1900.
6.3Regulations—Vessels should send their ETA to their local Call sign CPCL Base
agent 48 hours in advance. VHF VHF channels 16 and 67
6.3Vessels using the CPCL Jetty should contact the facility on
VHF channel 16 at least 2 hours prior to arrival. Berthing at the Telephone 91-4365-252-577
jetty takes place during daylight hours only. E-mail oms.cbr@cpcl.co.in
6.3Signals—A signal station which vessels at anchor can com-
Web site http://www.cpcl.co.in
municate with using the International Code of Signals by day,
and the Morse Code by night, is located 0.1 mile NNE of the
old lighthouse. Flags of the International Code of Signals are 6.3 Anchorage—The anchorage off Nagappattinam is open to all

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 169

but W winds; the holding ground of mud and sand is good. Ves-
sels usually anchor according to drafts and the state of the
weather, with the lighthouse bearing between 290° and 260°.
Vessels of moderate draft can take good anchorage, in a depth of
7.8m, about 1.3 miles E of the lighthouse. In heavy weather, a
short broken sea is encountered; during the Northeast Monsoon
it is inadvisable to anchor in depths of less than 9.1m.

6.4 Nagore (10°50'N., 79°50'E.) lies at the mouth of the

Vettar River, about 3.3 miles N of Nagappattinam. The river
mouth is obstructed by a bar with a least depth of 1.2m.
6.4The Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited Jetty (CPCL
Jetty) is a T-shaped facility extending about 0.7 mile seaward Karaikal Port Breakwaters
from a point on the S bank of the entrance to the Vettar River.
The berthing face of the jetty is 65m long, with an alongside prised of a wet and dry season. During the summer wet season,
depth of 8.9m. The jetty is used to discharge crude oil for the generally from June into October, the predominant winds are
refinery in Nagore. from the SW at force 6 to 7. Most of the annual rainfall of near-
6.4The Marine Facility Terminal Jetty is a T-shaped facility ex- ly 1,270mm during this time, continuing into December.
tending about 0.7 mile seaward from a point about 2 miles N of During the winter dry season, the predominant winds are from
the CPCL Jetty. The berthing face of the jetty is 40m long, with the NE at force 4 to 5.
an alongside depth of 8.3m. The jetty is used to discharge eth- 6.5Tides—Currents.—The tides within the port area are
ylene. semidiurnal, rising about 0.65m at MHWS, and 0.47m at
6.4Anchorage can be taken about 1 mile E of Nagore, in depths MHWN, and about 0.2m at MLWN and 0.03m at MLWS.
of 6.4 to 8.2m. The holding ground is good, but the anchorage 6.5Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel is dredged
is considered dangerous during the Northeast Monsoon. to a depth of 14.5m. A turning circle, with radius 250m, is lo-
The coast up to 9 miles N of Nagappattinam remains very cated in the center of the harbor.
flat and low. Two rivers, obstructed by bars at their mouths, 6.5Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table Kara-
flow into the sea between Nagore and Karaikal. These rivers ikal—Berth Information.
can be navigated by flat-bottomed boats only after heavy rains. 6.5Aspect.—The harbor is protected by two breakwaters, with
their seaward extents marked by lights.
6.5 Karaikal (Karikal) Port (10°50'N., 79°52'E.) (World 6.5About 0.5 mile N of the N breakwater is the Chemplast Pipe-
Port Index No. 49370) is a coastal lagoon type harbor located line, extending about 1,300m ESE from the coastline. About
about 200 miles S of Chennai (Madras) and about 9 miles S of 0.6 mile S of the S breakwater, a jetty extends about 1,200m E
the inland city of Karaikal (10°59'N., 79°50'E.). The port is pri- from the coast.
vately operated by Karaikal Port Private Limited (KPPL) and is 6.5Karaikal Light, a white circular concrete tower, 18m in
located between the Pravadayanar River and the Vettar River. height, stands on the N bank of the Arasalar River (10°54.9'N,
Karaikal Porthandles Panamax vessels up to 75,000 dwt,
6.5
79°51.2'E).
with a maximum length of 225m and a maximum draft of 6.5Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and re-
13.0m. The port primarily handles cement, coal, rice, maize, quests should be made through the ships agents at least 3 hours
and machinery. prior to arrival.
6.5Communications between the vessel and the pilot is carried
Karaikal Home Page out on VHF channel 71.
6.5Vessels bound for Sanmar Marine Terminal, board the pilot
http://www.karaikalport.com in position 10°50.9'N, 79°54.0'E, about 2 miles ENE of the jet-
ties. Vessels bound for the port board the pilot in position
6.5 Winds—Weather.—The area has a monsoon climate com- 10°50.63'N., 79°57.14'E, about 5 miles E of the port entrance.

Karaikal—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
No. 1 214m 14.5m 238m 13.0m 32.3m 66,832 dwt Dirty products, breakbulk, and bunkers.
No. 2 214m 14.5m 238m 14.0m 32.3m 80,469 dwt Containers and bunkers.
No. 3 360m 14.5m 229m 14.0m 38.0m 92,762 dwt Coal and bunkers.
No. 4 360m 14.5m 235m 14.0m 38.0m 95,444 dwt Coal and bunkers.
No. 9 197m — — 11.0m — — Closed.

Pub. 173
170 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA to Karaikal

6.5 10°48.56'N, 79°52.96'E.
Port Control 7 days, 5 days, 4 days, 3 days, 2 days, 24 hours, 2. A circular repairing area, with a depth of 11m, with a
and 12 hours prior to arrival. radius of 220m centered on position 10°51.85'N, 79°52.95'E.
It should be noted that berthing at the Sanmar Marine Termi-
6.5 3. A circular area, with a depth of 12m, with a radius of
nal takes place only during daylight hours; unberthing takes 0.5 mile centered on position 10°51.50'N, 79°53.50'E.
place 24 hours. Vessels heading to this terminal should contact 6.5Directions.—Approach is made through a 5-mile long en-
Sanmar Port Control on VHF channel 16 at least 3 hours prior trance channel, 160m wide, and dredged to an initial depth of
to arrival. 14.5m. The channel is marked by Fairway Buoy in position
Contact Information.—See the table titled Karaikal (Kari-
6.5 10°50.42'N, 79°56.59'E, and four pair of buoys in accordance
kal)—Contact Information. with the IALA system continuing until about 600m from the
breakwaters.
Karaikal (Karikal)—Contact Information 6.5Buoys mark a turning circle within the harbor.
6.5Range light towers mark the center of the turning circle and
Port approach channel.
Call sign Karikal Port 6.5Caution.—The port remains under construction so it would
not be unusual to see dredging and other heavy equipment
VHF VHF channels 16 and 71
within the harbor area. Further development is planned for a to-
91-4365-256-600 tal of 9 deep water berths by 2016.
Telephone A dangerous wreck lies in approximate position 10°49.7'N,
91-9790-960-448 (mobile) 6.5

79°53.0'E, as seen on the chart.

Facsimile 91-4365-256-603
E-mail enquiries@karaikalport.com 6.6 The coast between Karaikal and Cuddalore, about 50
miles to the N, is low with but few distinguishing features. Ves-
Web site http://www.karaikalport.com sels occasionally anchor off the towns of Tranquebar, Tirumul-
Sanmar Marine Terminal laivasal, and Porto Novo.
Tranquebar (11°01'N., 79°51'E.), a small town about 6.5
Call sign Sanmar Port Control miles N of Karaikal, lies on the N bank of a river used only by
VHF VHF channels 16 and 67 native boats. An old fort and several white houses, visible from
seaward, serve as landmarks. A grove of trees lies on the S side
Telephone 91-4368-292-846 of the town.
Facsimile 91-4365-256-473 6.6The port of Tranquebar has been closed to commercial ship-
ping.
Pilots
6.6Anchorage can be taken about 1 mile offshore, in depths of
VHF VHF channel 71 10 to 11.9m, sand and mud, with the fort bearing 281°.
6.6Tirukkadaiyur Port lies 3.3 miles N of Tranquebar. An SPM,
with a safety zone with a radius of 500m surrounding it, lies in
position 11°04'N, 79°53'E. It is connected to the shore 1.3
miles W by a submarine pipeline.
6.6A conspicuous chimney with a height of 98m stands 1.2
miles inland in position 11°04.4'N, 79°50.2'E.
6.6Two pagodas lie in the village of Kaverippattanam, about 7
miles N of Tranquebar. North of this village the coast com-
mences to rise slightly.
6.6Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies about 2.75 miles ESE off
Kaverippattanam.

6.7 Tirumullaivasal (11°15'N., 79°51'E.), a small town

about 6.5 miles N of Kaverippattanam, lies on the N bank of
the Kaveri River near the entrance. A flagstaff, 18m high, lies
close N of the low customhouse building. This flagstaff is the
only landmark visible on this part of the coast, and can be seen
over the tops of the trees when approaching from the S.
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, mud, with
6.7

the flagstaff bearing between 270° and 247°.

A shoal, about 1.5 miles long and lying parallel to the coast,
6.7

was reported to lie about 7 miles N of Tirumullaivasal and 1.5

Karaikal Light miles offshore.
The Coleroon River discharges into the sea through two
6.7

6.5 Anchorage.—Three areas are available, as follows mouths about 10 and 13.5 miles N of Tirumullaivasal. Coler-
1. A general area, with a depth of 9m, at position oon Point is the N end of a long sandy spit which extends N be-

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 171

tween the two mouths. This point has been reported to be a

good radar target up to 19 miles. The Coleroon River Bridge
has been reported to be a good radar target up to 24 miles.
A shoal, over which the sea breaks heavily during the North-
6.7

east Monsoon, was reported to extend about 2 miles offshore

between the S mouth of the Coleroon River and a position NE
of Coleroon Point. Vessels should not shoal to a depth of less
than 27.4m by day or within a distance of 4 miles by night
along this section of coast. Dangerous wreck ENE of Cuddalore Light
The four pagodas, although about 7 miles inland, can be seen
6.7

over the trees when abeam of the Coleroon River, and have 6.9Chemplast Sanmar Marine Terminal (Cuddalore Marine Ter-
been reported to be good radar targets up to 20 miles. minal) lies about 4 miles S of the entrance to the Uppanar Riv-
Caution.—Oil field development areas, best seen on the
6.7
er.
chart, lie about 10 miles SE and NE of the mouth of the Coler- 6.9An unmarked shifting boat channel crosses the bar at the en-
oon River. trance of the Uppanar River, about 0.8 mile S of the light. This
channel has a least depth of 1.2m.
6.8 Porto Novo (11°30'N., 79°46'E.), a town about 3 miles 6.9A dangerous wreck with its mast visible is located about 1.2
NW of Coleroon Point, lies on the N bank of the Vellar River miles ENE of Cuddalore Light.
about 1 mile within the mouth. A white flagstaff on the N bank 6.9All cargo is handled by boats and lighters at the anchorage.
of the river entrance and the two white boundary markers, one N About 350 lighters, from 15 to 45 tons, are available for normal
and one S of the town, are conspicuous landmarks. working hours of the port, which are from 0600 to 1800. How-
A light with a racon, is shown from a white tower with red
6.8
ever, permission for night operations will be considered based
bands, 36m high, 0.8 mile N of the flagstaff. on the prevailing weather conditions.
6.9Aspect.—Cuddalore Light is exhibited from a white round
concrete tower 0.2 mile W of the mouth of the Uppanar River.
A white flagstaff, 31m high and conspicuous, stands 0.6 mile
NNE of the lighthouse.

Porto Novo Light

Anchorage should be taken, in a depth of 16.5m, about 3
6.8

miles offshore, from the middle of October until nearly the end
of December. During fine weather in the other months, anchor-
age can be taken closer to shore according to draft. All cargo is
handled by native craft at the anchorage.
The coast between Porto Novo and Cuddalore, about 13
6.8

miles to the N, is low and marked by scattered trees. From the

offing, the few sand hills which are visible appear as islets.

6.9 Cuddalore (11°43'N., 79°46'E.) (World Port Index

No. 49410) port area comprises the open anchorage off the
town and the backwater formed by the confluence of the estu-
aries of the Gadilam River and the Uppanar River, both of
which are subject to heavy flooding in the rainy season.
The old town, which shows up well from the N, especially the
buildings to the E, lies on the Uppanar Backwater; the new town Cuddalore Light
lies on the Gadilam River, about 1 mile N of the old town.
6.9Depths—Limitations.—Depths off the port shoal gradually Cuddalore Light has been reported to be a good radar target
6.9

from the 20m curve about 3.5 miles E of the port, to the 5m up to 21 miles.

Pub. 173
172 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot for Cuddalore

6.9 age off the town.
Marine Terminal boards 2 miles offshore in position
11°37'43.8''N, 79°48'10.8''E. Port of Pondicherry Home Page
Signals.—Vessels should send their ETA 24 hours in ad-
6.9

vance. http://port.puducherry.gov.in
A signal station, by which vessels can communicate by
6.9

Morse code, lies close S of the lighthouse. Storm signals are Winds—Weather.—During the Northeast Monsoon, which
6.10

displayed in accordance with the Indian Extended System. Fur- usually prevails from October through January, rough seas are
ther information on these storm signals may be found in Pub. raised, hampering cargo operations. During the rest of the year
160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean the prevailing wind is from the W in the morning; a choppy sea
and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” is raised by the SE wind in the afternoon.
When surf conditions require the closing of the channel
6.9
Depths—Limitations.—Depths surrounding the port range
6.10

across the bar, flag K of the International Code of Signals is from the 20m curve, which lies about 2.5 miles E of the port, to
displayed. Flag M indicates a strong ebb current; flag S indi- about the 5m curve, which lies about 0.3 mile from the shore.
cates a strong flood current. The new pier is located about 0.7 mile S of Pondicherry
6.10

Contact Information.—See the table titled Cuddalore—

6.9
Light. The pier is about 287m long and 15.2m wide across the
Contact Information. outer face. Cargo is handled by lighters between the anchorage
and this pier. About 50 small lighters, with a capacity of 2.5
Cuddalore—Contact Information tons each, are available for cargo handling.
Port A dangerous wreck is reported to lie about 7.9 miles E of
6.10

Pondicherry.
Call sign Cuddalore Port Radio Aspect.—The low sandy shore S of the town is marked by
6.10

VHF VHF channels 11 and 16 trees. The land, from 3 to 5 miles NW and N of the town, is 45
to 73m high and helps to identify the locality.
Telephone 91-4142-238-025
Facsimile 91-4142-238-026
E-mail cuddaloreport@gmail.com
http://www.tnmaritime.com/gover-
Web site
ment_ports.php?port=1
Chemplast Sanmar Marine Terminal
Call sign Chemplast Sanmar Port Control
VHF VHF channels 16 and 67
Telephone 91-4142-293-917
Facsimile 91-4142-293-920
E-mail mnr2@sanmargroup.com
Web site http://www.sanmargroup.com

The port can be contacted weekdays only, from 0900-1300

6.9

and from 1400-1800.

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in a depths of 10 to
6.9

15m, about 1 mile offshore, with Cuddalore Light bearing be-

tween 265° and 295°, and also taken in depths of 15m about 5
nm SE of the light. An anchor boat will indicate the approxi-
mate position where vessels may anchor clear of the two dan-
gerous wrecks shown on the chart.
An anchorage for vessels carrying dangerous cargo is situat-
6.9

Pondicherry Light
ed 2.5 miles E of the S breakwater.
Caution.—During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels are ad-
6.9

vised to anchor N of the river entrance and S of the entrance Pondicherry Light (11°54.9'N., 79°49.9'E.), with a racon, is
6.10

shown from a white tower with black bands. A ruined iron pier
during the Southwest Monsoon.
projects E about 0.2 mile from the shore, 1 mile NNE of the
light.
6.10 Pondicherry (Pondicherri) (11°56'N., 79°50'E.)
(World Port Index No. 49430), the capital and seat of govern- The following landmarks are conspicuous from seaward:
6.10

ment of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, lies about 13 miles 1. A red chimney, 56m high, about 1 mile WNW of the
light.
N of Cuddalore. All cargo is handled by lighters at the anchor-

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 173

2. Two square towers and cupola of the cathedral about 1 Sadras, a small village abreast hidden by trees, lie about 3
6.11

mile NNE. miles N of the Palar River. A brick fort, in ruins, lies on the
3. The port flagstaff, about 0.5 mile NNE of the light. coast abreast of the village and is visible from seaward. A dan-
4. A conspicuous TV tower lying 0.4 mile WSW of the gerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 8 miles ENE
port flagstaff. The Sadras Hills, the most conspicuous hills on this part of
6.11

Pondicherry has been reported to be a good radar target up to

6.10 the coast, lie about 7 to 10 miles WNW of the entrance of the
18 miles. Pondicherry Hills, which lie 3 to 5 miles NW and N Palar River. The highest peak rises to an elevation of 215m.
of the town, have been reported to be good radar targets up to Finger Peak, 152m high, lies 1.3 miles ESE of this peak. A
24 miles. conspicuous temple lies on Finger Peak. Several other conspic-
Pilotage.—Pilotage is not available.
6.10 uous peaks lie in the vicinity.
Regulations.—Local quarantine and port regulations are in
6.10 Mahabalipur, a rocky point with several pagodas on it, lies
6.11

force in Pondicherry. A copy of these regulations can be ob- about 6 miles NNE of Sadras Fort. A light stands on a conspic-
tained from the local port authorities. uous rock about 0.5 mile within the extremity of the point. The
Signals.—A signal station lies at the inner end of the new
6.10 lighthouse has been reported to be a good radar target up to 16
pier at the S end of the town. Vessels can communicate with miles.
the station by using the International Code of Signals by day
and Morse code at night.
Storm and weather signals are displayed from the signal sta-
6.10

tion; the General System is used. Further information on these

storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions
(Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean un-
der “India—Signals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Pondicherry—
6.10

Contact Information.

Pondicherry—Contact Information
Port
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
Telephone 91-413-233-7114
E-mail port.pon@nic.in
Web site http://port.puducherry.gov.in

Anchorage.—During good weather, anchorage can be tak-

6.10

en, in depths of 9.1 to 11.0m, about 0.8 mile off the coast at
Pondicherry. From October to December, when bad weather
may be expected, it is advisable to anchor about 1 mile farther
offshore, using a good scope of chain. The holding ground is
not very good. Mahabalipur Light
Anchorage can also be taken, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, about
6.10

0.5 mile E of the head of the new pier. At this anchorage the Tripalur Reef (12°37'N., 80°12'E.), a rocky ledge with a
6.11

powerhouse chimney and Rodiar Chimney are in line, bearing depth of 7.9m at its outer edge, extends about 0.8 mile E from
276.5°. Mahabalipur. A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 6
miles SE.
6.11 The coast between Pondicherry and Chennai, about Rockingham Patches (12°41'N., 80°15'E.), a group of shoal
6.11

76 miles NNE, is low and backed in several places by hills patches with a least depth of 4.6m, lies up to 1.5 miles offshore
which are conspicuous for some distance seaward. about 4.5 miles NNE of Mahabalipur Light.
Alam Parai Fort (12°16'N., 80°01'E.), in ruins, lies on the N
6.11

entrance point of Kaliveli Lagoon about 22 miles NNE of 6.12 Covelong Point (12°47'N., 80°15'E.), a small projec-
Pondicherry. Kadapakkam Light (12°17'N., 80°01'E.), is tion with a village on it, lies about 11 miles NNE of Mahabali-
shown from a masonry tower with red diagonal bands, 36m pur Light. The point has been reported to be a good radar target
high, standing near the fort. A dark prominent grove of trees up to 13 miles.
lies close N of the fort. Some hills, which rise to heights of 73 Open anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 12.8m, about 1
6.12

to 198m, lie NW of the fort about 6 to 16 miles island. mile E of the village on Covelong Point. Care should be taken
The Palar River (12°28'N., 80°10'E.), marked by some tall
6.11
to avoid the rocks, awash, which extend about 0.3 mile NE
coconut trees on the N side of its entrance, is obstructed by a from the point.
bar. A shoal spit, marked by breakers, extends about 1 mile E The low coast between Covelong Point and Chennai, about
6.12

from the entrance. 18 miles to the N, is clear of dangers.

Pub. 173
174 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

6.11 Chennai

Caution.—About 30 miles ESE of Covelong Point lies a fir-

6.12 Coast and the third largest port in India. The harbor area, which
ing practice area centered at position 12°41'N, 80°45'E. is entirely artificial, fronts the center of the city, and contains
Ottivakam Hill (12°48'N., 80°07'E.), 167m high, sharp and
6.12 ample berthing facilities for all classes of vessels.
conspicuous, lies 8 miles W of Covelong Point at the S end of a
low range of hills which extend along this coast for 7 miles. Chennai Port Trust
Panchapandavar Malai (Pallavaram Hills), high and double
peaked, lie about 10 miles N of Ottivakam Hill. A temple lies http://www.chennaiport.gov.in
on the highest peak and is prominent. St. Thomas Mount, about
3 miles farther NE, is crowned by some conspicuous white Winds—Weather.—Cyclones at Chennai usually com-
6.13

buildings. mence with the wind between NNW and NNE, the wind direc-
Perumbakkam Hill, 80m high and flat-topped, lies about 7
6.12
tion changing to the E or W according to whether the port is in
miles NW of Covelong Point and is a fair landmark. the right-hand or left-hand semicircle of the storm. The Chen-
A Submarine Exercise Area lies with its center about 20
6.12
nai coast is normally frequented by cyclones during May, Oc-
miles ENE of Covelong Point. A good lookout should be main- tober, and November.
tained in the vicinity. Rainfall is almost entirely confined to the period from No-
6.13

vember to January during the Northeast Monsoon. In April and

Chennai (Madras) (13°06'N., 80°18'E.) May, there are occasional squalls from the NW, usually in the
early part of the night.
World Port Index No. 49450 Weather reports are broadcast by the radio station at Chen-
6.13

nai.
6.13 Chennai (Madras), the capital and seat of government
of Chennai State, is the principal harbor on the Coromandel

Chennai (Madras)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Container Terminal I
CTB1 220m — 294m 13.4m 37.3m 62,994 dwt
CTB2 200m — 306m 13.4m 40.3m 85,517 dwt Containers, reefer, bunkers, and general car-
CTB3 200m — 306m 13.4m 40.0m 85,614 dwt go. Continuous berthing length of 885m.
CTB4 285m — 306m 13.4m 42.8m 85,614 dwt
Container Terminal II
SCB1 227m — 294m 15.0m 40.3m 69,303 dwt
Containers, reefer, and bunkers. Continuous
SCB2 270m — 300m 15.0m 42.8m 79,329 dwt
berthing length of 832m.
SCB3 275m — 300m 15.0m 40.3m 77,900 dwt

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 175

Chennai (Madras)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Bharathi Dock
Clean products, crude, bunkers, and dirty
BD1 30m 18.0m 280m 14.6m 44.0m 114,024 dwt products. Berthing length of 355m (includ-
ing dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, crude products,
dirty products, iron ore, multipurpose, break-
BD2 309m — 280m 16.5m 32.2m 145,000 dwt
bulk, and bunkers. Berthing length of 382m
(including dolphins).
Clean products, crude products, dirty prod-
BD3 33m 20.0m 333m 16.5m 60.0m 305,796 dwt ucts, and bunkers. Berthing length of 325m
(including dolphins).
Car Export Ro-Ro Terminal
WQ1 170m — 183m 11.0m 32.2m 49,126 dwt Chemicals, dirty products, vegetable oils,
cruise vessels, and PCC. Continuous
WQ2 170m — 232m 12.0m 35.4m 49,999 dwt berthing length of 850m with WQ3 and
WQ4.
Dr. Ambedkar Dock
Chemicals, fertilizer, grain, cruise vessels,
CB 170m — 345m 12.0m 41.0m 19,189 dwt
bunkers, multipurpose, and breakbulk.
Chemicals, dirty products, cruise vessels,
NQ 198m — 165m 8.5m 24.2m 8,677 dwt
bunkers, multipurpose, and breakbulk.
Chemicals, dirty products, fertilizer, ro-ro
SQ1 246m — 98m 9.5m 15.4m 4,513 dwt
passengers, and breakbulk.
Chemicals, dirty products, fertilizer,
SQ2 179m — 152m 9.5m 18.2m 10,545 dwt
bunkers, and breakbulk.
WQ3 170m — 228m 12.0m 36.5m 63,608 dwt Chemicals, fertilizer, grain, cruise vessels,
and breakbulk. Continuous berthing length
WQ4 170m — 157m 11.0m 21.0m 5,014 dwt of 850m with WQ1 and WQ2.
Jawahar Dock
JD No. 1 218m — 200m 11.5m 32.2m 63,549 dwt
JD No. 2 218m — 229m 13.5m 32.3m 81,137 dwt
JD No. 3 218m — 200m 12.0m 32.2m 63,800 dwt Chemicals, dirty products, fertilizer, break-
bulk, and vegetable oils. Continuous berth-
JD No. 4 218m — 225m 13.5m 32.3m 73,350 dwt ing length of 654m.
JD No. 5 218m — 225m 12.0m 32.3m 73,350 dwt
JD No. 6 218m — 225m 11.0m 32.3m 73,350 dwt

The climate of Chennai is considered quite hot. Even in the

6.13 and maintained at a depth of 19.2m. Vessels are to keep at least
cooler months of December and January, the mean temperature 0.5 mile off the channel entry unless a pilot is on board.
is about 25°C. The harbor entrance is maintained to a depth of 18.6m, and
6.13

Tides—Currents.—The tides at Chennai are semidiurnal

6.13 there is a swinging basin, 0.3 mile in diameter, lying immedi-
and subject to a diurnal inequality which may advance or retard ately inside the harbor entrance with a maintained depth of
the times of HW and LW; this inequality may increase or di- 18m. In 1986, it was reported the port could accommodate ves-
minish the rise by as much as 0.3m. sels up to 274m length, with a draft of 16.2m.
Vessels may encounter a strong S current when making the
6.13 Bharathi Dock, the N part of the harbor, is protected by the
6.13

approach to the harbor. North Breakwater and East Breakwater; a light stands near the
Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel, marked by
6.13 head of East Breakwater. Dock 1 and Dock 3, on the E side of
the IALA Maritime Buoyage System (Region A), is dredged Bharathi Dock, are oil berths. Dock 2, located in the NW cor-

Pub. 173
176 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

ner of the dock, is an iron ore berth. tend about 0.5 mile SE, then 0.4 mile SSW from a position 2.3
A fully mechanized container terminal, with alongside chart-
6.13 miles NNE of the Fort St. George flagstaff. From the E and SE
ed depths of 11.5 to 12.5m, is located on the W side of of the entrance, it is protected by East Quay and New Outer
Bharathi Dock close NW of North Pier. Arm, which extends about 2 miles NE from the same flagstaff. A
The area close N of the North Pier has been dredged to 10m,
6.13 light shows from the New Outer Arm; the approach channel en-
with shallower depths extending from about 18m off of it. trance lies about 3.5 miles ENE of the light.
The S part of the harbor, forming the Inner Harbor is protect-
6.13 Foul areas are centered 2 miles N and 2 miles ESE from the
6.13

ed by East Quay. The entrance lies between North Pier and a harbor entrance.
spur projecting from East Quay; it is 122m wide with a depth
of 9.4m and marked by lighted beacons at each side of the en-
trance. The protecting breakwater N of the spur is known as the
sheltering arm; a light stands at the head of the arm. Dr.
Ambedkar Dock (Inner Harbor) contains numerous berths
alongside the quays and one fixed mooring. It has been report-
ed (2006) that the alongside depths are being increased to 15m.
Jawahar Dock, entered along the mid-section of South Quay
6.13

of the inner harbor, has an overall length of 655m. The S end of

the dock is used by LASH barges. It has been reported (2006)
that the depth in the dock has been increased to 11.5m.
Berthing information is given in the accompanying table ti-
6.13

tled Chennai (Madras)—Berth Information.

Chennai Fishing Harbor is located 1 mile N of Bharathi
6.13

Dock and is sheltered by two extensive breakwaters which pro-

vides berths for up to 500 fishing vessels.
Depths off the harbor shoal gradually from the 20m curve,
6.13

about 1.5 to 2 miles offshore, to a depth of 11m less than 0.3

mile E of the breakwaters.
The surf N and S of the harbor generally breaks about 122m
6.13

from the beach in fine weather and about 183m in squally

weather. During gales from the E, breakers were observed
about 244m offshore; with an offshore wind, the surf is often
very high and in the form of a heavy roller. During normal
weather the surf wave is about 0.9 to 1.8m high, and during a Chennai (Madras) Light
gale from 3 to 3.7m high.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 200 gt.
6.13

Aspect.—In the vicinity of Chennai, the low sandy shore is

No merchant vessel is allowed to enter or leave Chennai Har-
6.13

marked by casuarina and palm trees N and S of the city. bor without a pilot on board, unless prior permission has been
The following landmarks are conspicuous from the offing:
6.13

given in writing by the Conservator of the port.

1. The main tower of the Court House standing about 1.3
Vessels are taken in or out of the harbor at any time of the
6.13

miles SW of the outer harbor entrance.

day or night. Movements in and out of Jawahar Dock are re-
2. Fort St. George, with its 52m high flagstaff about 0.5
stricted to the hours between 0600 and 2200 daily.
mile S of the Court House.
Vessels less than 230m long await the pilot in Waiting Area
6.13

3. A building, 57m high, about 1.5 miles SW of Fort St.

No. 1, about 1 mile NE of the harbor entrance. Vessels 230m
George.
long and over board the pilot in Waiting Area No. 2, about 1.5
4. The spire of San Thome Cathedral, 49m high, almost
miles further NE.Vessels bound for the Chemical Pipeline Ter-
3 miles S of Fort St. George.
minal board the pilot in the waiting area centered on position
5. The 40m high University Clock Tower, about 0.8 mile
13°13'04.2''N, 80°21'54.6''E.
S of Fort St. George.
A strong reliable pilot ladder, equipped with manropes, must
6.13

6. Two high radio masts close N of Fort St. George.

be provided, otherwise the pilot will not board. Masters of ves-
7. Three high cooling towers about 1.5 miles NW of the
sels are cautioned to leave ample room for the pilot to maneu-
Court House.
ver the vessel for entering the harbor.
8. A white-domed building, 23m high, standing at the
When approaching the harbor or the anchorage, a sharp
6.13

month of the Adyar River.

watch should be kept for signals from the Port Signal Station.
Chennai Breakwater has been reported to be a good radar tar-
Ships’ agents normally pass berthing messages to vessels
6.13

get up to 8 miles. The Court House has been reported to be a through the Port Signal Station and only in case of failure do
good radar target up to 22 miles. Chennai Harbor is formed by
they contact vessels by radio.
two breakwaters; contained within is the inner harbor in the S.
Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Madras Pilots) on VHF
6.13

The inner harbor extends farther S and connects into two sepa-
channels 12, 14, and 16.
rate basins, on the W with the boat basin having a yacht club, on
Regulations.—Copies of the port regulations for the Port of
6.13

the E with Jawahar Dock. The harbor is protected from the N

Chennai are available to entering vessels. Instructions and reg-
and NE by North Breakwater and East Breakwater, which ex-

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 177

ulations which masters should be cognizant of before arrival should it be deemed it prudent to do so.
are, as follows: 4. When the danger signal is displayed, to take such
1. Only one vessel at a time may enter or leave the har- measures for securing the safety of the vessel as may be con-
bor. sidered necessary. No further instructions on that point will
2. Ballast, bilge water, and trash shall not be pumped or be furnished by port authorities.
thrown overboard within the limits of the port. Masters of vessels must use their own discretion whether to
6.13

3. All ocean-going vessels entering or leaving the port proceed to sea or remain in the harbor in cyclonic weather.
between sunrise and sunset must fly their national flag, and Preference for mooring berths will be given to vessels with
when entering, each vessel must show her number. bulk cargo and to those vessels which have broken their cargo.
4. Vessels remaining outside the harbor, but within the Contact Information.— See the table titled Chennai (Ma-
6.13

roadstead or port limits, are required to take positions, with dras)—Contact Information.
allowances made for swinging room, well clear of the en-
trance of the harbor. Chennai (Madras)—Contact Information
5. The master of any vessel arriving at Chennai Road-
stead, with explosives on board as cargo, must give immedi- Port Authority
ate notice thereof to the pilot or harbormaster. 91-44-2531-2000
6. Vessels arriving with explosives on board are not per- Telephone
91-44-2536-2201
mitted to enter the enclosed harbor. They are moored at the
explosives anchorage E of the harbor entrance, where the ex- Facsimile 91-44-2536-1228
plosives are discharged into lighters. The maximum quantity
E-mail info@chennaiport.gov.in
of explosives which can be handled is 125 tons.
7. Vessels carrying explosives in transit are not permit- Web site http://www.chennaiport.gov.in
ted to enter the harbor, nor will they be allowed to discharge Port Control
the cargo at the explosives anchorage.
Vessels may obtain radio pratique upon request, not more
6.13
Call sign Port Control
than 12 hours or less than 4 hours prior to arrival. Otherwise, VHF VHF channels 10 and 16
pratique is granted by the Port Health Officer upon arrival.
Customs officials board a vessel at its berth or mooring in- 91-44-2538-8216
6.13

Telephone
side the harbor. 91-44-2531-2777
Vessels should send their ETA 48 hours in advance.
6.13

Vessels should obtain permission from Port Control prior to

6.13
Signal Station
anchoring in the waiting areas. 91-44-2536-1652
Signals.—The Port Signal Station is located on the Harbor
6.13
Telephone
91-44-2531-2535
Office on the seaward end of the Transit Shed and Passenger
Terminal on North Pier. International Code of Signals Flags Chennai Container Terminal
and Morse code are employed. It has been reported that at a
Telephone 91-44-2590-9798
distance of 2 or 3 miles from the harbor, the signal tower can
easily be mistaken for one of the breakwater light structures. Facsimile 91-44-2590-0485
A black ball, displayed at the Port Signal Station, indicates a
6.13
E-mail outreach.cct@dpworld.com
vessel in the harbor is getting underway and will be leaving the
harbor. Vessels approaching the harbor should, until the pilot Web site http://www.dpworld.com/chennai
assumes control, remain clear of the outer end of the sheltering CITPL Terminal
arm and allow sufficient sea room for the outbound vessel.
Vessels about to leave should display the International Code
6.13
Telephone 91-44-2561-3000
flag N at the fore; vessels about to enter should display Interna- E-mail contact@citpl.co.in
tional Code pennant 4 at the fore. Neither of these signals
should be displayed until the pilot is aboard. Web site http://www.citpl.co.in
Storm and weather signals are displayed at the signal station
6.13 Pilots
on North Quay in accordance with the Extended System. Fur-
Call sign Madras Pilot
ther information on these storm signals may be found in Pub.
160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean VHF VHF channels 12, 14, and 16
and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
During the prevalence of suspicious or threatening weather,
6.13
Anchorage.—Chennai Roadstead is open to all except off-
6.13

or upon the warning signal being displayed, the master of every shore winds. There is usually a swell from seaward which
vessel anchored within the limits of the roadstead is required: causes vessels to labor or roll considerably.
1. Not to be absent from the vessel between sunset and Vessels which are not awaiting berth on arrival are not to an-
6.13

sunrise. chor N of latitude 13°06'N, and within Pilot Boarding Area No.
2. To keep the vessel prepared in every respect to pro- 1 or Pilot Boarding Area No. 2, without prior approval from
ceed to sea on short notice. Port Control.
3. To proceed to sea without waiting for instructions A stranded wreck, with masts exposed, lies about 0.9 mile
6.13

Pub. 173
178 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

SE of the harbor entrance. It is marked by a lighted buoy lying seen on the chart, lie throughout the approaches to Chennai
0.2 mile NE. from the S.
An Examination Anchorage area is shown on the chart.
6.13

Vessels of less than 230m in length should embark the pilot

6.13 6.14 Kamarajar Port (Ennur) (Ennore) (13°16'N.,
in Waiting Area No. 1, located about 1 mile E of the harbor en- 80°20'E.) (World Port Index No. 49454) a port located about 7
trance; those of more than 230m in length should embark the miles N of Chennai. Kamarajar Major Port comprises of a har-
pilot in Waiting Area No. 2, located 3.3 miles ENE of the har- bor protected by breakwaters, which contains jetties and berths
bor entrance. for handling ro-ro, general, container, bulk and liquid cargoes.
At night, vessels should not anchor, in depths of less than
6.13 The N part of the harbor is dredged to 16m (2017), and the S
16.5m. A second anchor should be ready to let go and all an- part, including the turning circle, to 18.5 (2016). Minor Port
chors should be buoyed. consists of a PLEM located 2.75 miles S of the main harbor. It
A submarine cable extends offshore from a position approxi-
6.13 is used to discharge ammonia directly into a processing plant.
mately 1 mile S of the Fort St. George flagstaff. Kamarajar is a 24-hour port.
Vessels carrying explosives must anchor in the explosives
6.13

anchorage located about 1 mile E of the harbor entrance. Such Kamarajar Port Home Page
vessels are required to display a red flag by day and a red light
at night. http://www.ennoreport.gov.in
Vessels unable to enter the harbor during periods when cy-
6.13

clones may be expected should anchor well offshore and be Depths—Limitations.—The port has two breakwaters;
6.14

ready to put to sea before the wind shifts to the NE. Vessels re- North Breakwater is 3,080m long while South Breakwater is
maining at anchor or anchoring too far in during such times 1,070m long. The entrance channel, about 3,775m long and
may find it impossible to get away and are likely to be driven 250m wide, is dredged (2016) to a depth of 19m. The harbor
ashore. basin is dredged to a depth of 16m.
Caution.—Vessels are advised to be on the lookout for pi-
6.13
Dredged depths may be affected by siltation; port authorities
6.14

rates attempting to board at night, especially in the vicinity of should be consulted for the latest depths.
the pilot boarding area. Details of the berths are shown in the table titled Kamarajar
6.14

The roadstead fronting the harbor area is subject to a heavy

6.13
Port—Berth Information.
surf. It is reported (2019) that buoys can be difficult to identify Aspect.—Range lights, in line bearing 282.5°, lead through
6.14

due to muted colors and corrosion. A restricted area, best seen the channel. There is a racon at the N. breakwater head light.
on the chart, in which anchoring is prohibited due to submarine
cables, lies 5 miles SW of Chennai. Submarine cables, best

Kamarajar Port—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Length Draft Beam Size
Adani Ennore Container Terminal
Container 150,893 dwt/
400m — 365m 15.0m 48.2m Containers, bunkers, and reefer.
Berth 10,000 teu
Automobile Terminal
Automobile
250m 10.0m 230m 6.2m 32.0m 70,000 dwt PCC and bunkers.
Berth
Chettinad International Coal Terminal
Coal Berth 347m 15.0m 292m 13.5m 45.0m 183,142 dwt Coal and bunkers.
Multipurpose Cargo Terminal
Multipurpose Aggregates, fertilizer, project/
270m — 250m — 43.0m 114,167 dwt
Berth heavy, breakbulk, and bunkers.
North Chennai Thermal Power Station
CB1 280m 15.0m 240m 13.5m 32.3m 77,000 dwt Coal and bunkers. Continuous
berthing length of 560m. An loa
CB2 280m 15.0m 240m 13.5m 32.3m 77,000 dwt increase possible with harbor-
master permission.
CB3 350m — 229m — 32.3m 180,000 dwt Coal and bunkers.
CB4 340m — — — — 180,000 dwt Coal. Under construction (2021).

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 179

Kamarajar Port—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
Length Draft Beam Size
Sical Terminal
Iron Ore Coal and iron ore. Under
347m 15.0m 190m 13.5m 32.3m 53,529 dwt
Berth construction (2021).
EID Parry Ammonia Terminal
CBM — 15.0m 180m — 33.0m 28,467dwt Chemicals and LPG.
Ennore Tank Terminals Pvt Ltd (ETTPL)
Chemicals, clean products, crude
MLT1 360m 15.0m 300m 13.5m 40.0m 150,000 dwt
products, bunkers, and LPG.
LNG Terminal
LNG. Berthing length of 350m
LNG Berth 60m — 290m — 48.0m 160,000 dwt
(including dolphins).

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and is

6.14 Contact Information.
available 24 hours. The pilot boards, as follows:
1. In Kamarajar Major Port Waiting Area, centered on Kamarajar—Contact Information
position 13°12.2’N, 80°23.1'E.
2. In Kamarajar Minor Port Waiting Area, centered on Port Authority
position 13°13.1’N, 80°21.9’E. 91-44-2525-1666
3. In Kamarajar, the waiting area for the Major and Mi- Telephone
nor port is centered on 13°13.0’N, 80°23.3’E. Port Control 91-44-2525-1670
will normally allocate an outer anchorage for vessels waiting Facsimile 91-44-2525-1665
to enter; the usual anchorage lies 2 miles N of Fairway
E-mail info@epl.gov.in
Lighted Buoy (safe water) in depths of 25m, mud and sand
bottom. Web site http://www.ennoreport.gov.in
Regulations.—Vessels should report their ETA by facsimile
6.14

Port Control
or e-mail to Kamarajar Port Control 48 hours, 24 hours, and 3
hours in advance. Any changes of more than 2 hours should be Call sign Kamarajar Port Control
immediately reported. Vessels should also contact Kamarajar VHF VHF channels 16, 74, and 77
Port Control 3 hours prior to entering or leaving the harbor ion
VHF channel 16 or 74. 91-44-2795-0030
Telephone
91-44-2795-0040
Facsimile 91-44-2795-0002
info@epl.gov.in
E-mail
gm-ms@epl.gov.in
Ennore Minor Port Operators (Coromandel
International Ltd)
91-44-2575-2300
91-44-2575-2310
Telephone
91-44-2575-2320
Kamarajar Port
91-44-2575-2330
6.14 The ETA message should contain the following information: Facsimile 91-44-2575-2311
1. Vessel’s name, call sign, gt, nrt, dwt, loa, and beam.
2. Draft forward and aft. Pilots
3. Cargo grade and quantity on board. Call sign Kamarajar Port Control
4. ETA at Fairway Lighted Buoy (in local time).
5. Local agent. VHF VHF channel 74
6.14 Contact Information.—See the table titled Kamarajar—
6.14 Anchorage.—Anchorage lies 2 miles N of the Fairway

Pub. 173
180 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Lighted Buoy. Waiting areas are located, as follows: dredged to 9m (2016). Dredged depths are generally main-
1. In Kamarajar Main Port Waiting Area, centered on tained but siltation is liable to occur, port authorities should be
position 13°15'00.0''N, 80°23'15.6''E. contacted for the latest depths.
2. In Kamarajar Minor Port Waiting Area, centered on Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
position 13°13'04.8''N, 80°21'56.4''E. Kattupalli—Berth Information.
Anchorage is prohibited in the vicinity of the charted ammo-
6.14

nia discharge berth and pipeline. Kattupalli—Berth Information

Directions.—Outer Front and Rear Range Lights, in line
6.14

bearing 324.4°, lead through the outer entrance channel, Berth Length Depth Remarks
dredged to 20m (2016) and marked by lighted buoys, passing B1 350m 16.0m Containers
between Lighted Buoy No. 1 and Lighted Buoy No. 2, to a po-
B2 360m 16.0m Containers
sition E of the entrance to Ennore Creek.
Inner Front and Rear Range Lights, in line bearing 344.5°,
6.14 B3 294m 16.0m Multi-cargo
lead through the inner entrance channel, dredged to 19m
Note: Maximum vessel length for vessels: Container
(2016) and marked by lighted buoys, between Lighted Buoy vessel 390m; Car carriers 230m; bulk and liquid carriers
No. 5 and Lighted Buoy No. 6, WSW of North Breakwater 250m.
Head, from which a light is exhibited. A lighted buoy marks
the W edge of the channel, 0.1 mile W of the North Breakwater
Head, leading ENE of South Breakwater Head, from which a A Finger Jetty (13°18.5’N, 80°20.9’E) is situated in the N
6.15

light is exhibited, into the harbor basin. The berths may then be part of the shipyard. It is 200m long and 20m wide with two
approached directly. berths, each with a depth of 10m. An additional berth
(13°17.8’N 80°20.8’E) serves the MFF in the SW corner of the
6.15 Kattupalli Port (13°18'N., 80°21'E.), (World Port In- harbor. The MFF Jetty is 100m long with depth 9m.
dex No. 49454) a port located N of Kamarajar, is an all weather
port with direct berthing facilities and handles containers, Kattupalli—Contact Information
lighters, and general cargo, in addition to being a major ship- Port Authority
building and ship repair center.
Tides—Currents.—Tides are semi--diurnal and similar in
6.15
91-44-246-41232
Telephone
character to those at Chennai. The mean spring range is 1.2m 91-44-249-34481
with a mean neap range of 0.2m. Current at the mouth of the
harbor during the month of January to February is 190³ at 1.0 Facsimile 91-44-249-51632
knots. E-mail shipping.tnmb@gmail.com
Depths—Limitations.—The harbor is entered through a
6.15

225m wide dredged channel marked by light buoys. There are Port Control
two 1-mile long breakwaters protecting the harbor. Inside the VHF VHF channels 16 and 73
breakwaters is a turning circle, 580m in diameter near the main
Telephone 91-44-2796-8500
berthing area. A separate dredged channel leads to Modular
Fabrication Facility (MFF) Jetty 2. The container berths are lo- Facsimile 91-44-2796-8515
cated in the N half of the harbor, with a finger jetty and a ship E-mail marine@Intkattupalliport.com
lift facility to the S. In the S half of the harbor, a decommis-
sioned sea water intake for the Chennai Petroleum Corporation Port Conservator
Limited (CPCL), extends 500m NE from a sea island, which is Telephone 91-44-2796-8545
linked to the shore by a 500m long causeway. A jetty serving L
and T’s offshore platform and floating production unit MFF is Facsimile 91-44-2796-8515
located just N of the root of the S breakwater. E-mail tnmb@Intkattupalliport.com
Tugs
VHF VHF channel 16

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 100gt.

6.15

The pilot boards in position 13°18.3’N, 80°23.4’E. Three tugs

(two 70-ton, one 45-ton) are available at all times.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Kattupalli—
6.15

Contact Information.
Anchorage—Two outer anchorage areas are located N of
6.15

the pilot boarding position. The N anchorage is for dangerous

Kattupalli Port cargo; the S anchorage is unrestricted. A dumping ground in
position 13°19.8’N, 80°24.3’E is located NE of the anchorage
The approach channel to the commercial port is dredged to
6.15
areas.
14m (2017) and the approach channel to the MFF Jetty is

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 181

Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies about 10 miles NE of the

6.15

port.

Chennai (Madras) to Machilipatnam

6.16 The coast between Chennai and Machilipatnam, about
240 miles N and NE, is low, sandy, and marked by a number of
small towns.
Ennur Shoal (13°17'N., 80°23'E.), with depths of 0.9 to
6.16

8.5m, extends 2.5 miles NE from a position on the coast about

10.5 miles NNE of Chennai Harbor.
Pulicat Shoals (13°22'N., 80°23'E.), a chain of hard, sandy
6.16

patches with depths ranging from 4.3 to 9.1m, extends about

7.5 miles NNE from the N end of Ennur Shoal. Several de-
tached patches, with depths of 8.2 to 11m, lie within 3.8 miles
N and NNW of the N end of Pulicat Shoals. These shoals were
reported to be extending to the E. A wreck, best seen on the
chart, lies 6 miles NE along the 50m depth curve.
Armagon Shoal (13°54'N., 80°18'E.), with depths ranging
6.16

from 3 to 9.1m, extends about 15 miles N from a position 1.5

miles NE of Point Pudi. A narrow, detached shoal, about 2.5
miles long, with depths of 10 to 11m, lies close N of the N end
of Armagon Shoal. The sea sometimes breaks over the shal-
lowest part of Armagon Shoal.
A shoal, with a least depth of 4.9m, lies about 2.3 miles off-
6.16
Pulicat Light
shore abreast of Tummalapenta (14°54'N., 80°04'E.). The
depths are very irregular in the vicinity of this shoal and up to 7 miles to the N, is backed by an extensive plain which is densely
miles N of it. wooded near the beach. The town of Pulicat lies on an island at
Mutapolli Bank (15°26'N., 80°21'E.), with depths of 6.4 to the S end of Pulicat Lake and is visible from the offing. A tall
11m, lies centered about 11 miles E of Kottapatnam. Overfalls conspicuous monument lies close N of the lighthouse near the
usually mark this bank. Two detached shoals, with depths of 10 beach.
to 11m, lie within 5.8 miles SW and three detached shoals, Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11.9 to 12.8m, with Pu-
6.17

with depths of 9.1 to 11m, lie within 11.3 miles NE of this licat Light bearing 270°, distant 2.5 miles. There is a racon at
bank. the light.
Tides—Currents.—The currents N of Chennai vary consid-
6.16
The Nagari Hills (13°34'N., 79°37'E.) lie about 30 to 45
erably in velocity and direction and sometimes set toward the miles inland abreast Pulicat and the coast to the N. Nagari
land. Great caution is necessary. Nose, a sharp peak 858m high with its upper part crooked, lies
In the vicinity of Pulicat Shoals, the current is weak and sets
6.16
about 45 miles W of Pulicat Light. This peak is visible only in
parallel to the coast. clear weather.
In the approach to Blackwood Harbour, the current along
6.16
A beacon lies about 13 miles NNW of Pulicat Light but is
6.17

this part of the coast, which includes Armagon Shoal, usually not conspicuous from seaward.
sets with the prevailing wind, but at times reverses itself. The coast between Pulicat and Point Pudi, about 22 miles
6.17

The current off False Divi Point sets parallel to the coast with
6.16
NNW, is marked by casuarina plantations for about 11 miles N
the prevailing monsoon, having its greatest velocity near the of Pulicat Lake. A conspicuous clump of coconut trees, 24m
185m curve about 8 miles offshore. high, lies on a sand hill about 1 mile S of Point Pudi.
In Nizampatam Bay, weak tidal currents are experienced in-
6.16
Point Pudi (13°47'N., 80°15'E.), a low sandy point, is
6.17

shore only at spring tides. marked by clumps of palm trees. Armagon Shoal, which ex-
During March, the current off Divi Point has been found to
6.16 tends N from Point Pudi, has been previously described in
set E at a rate of 1.5 knots. The coast between Chennai and En- paragraph 6.15.
nur, about 9.5 miles NNE, is bordered by plantations of casua- Armagon Light is shown from a white round concrete tower
6.17

rina and palm trees. A conspicuous white temple, 10.7m high, with red bands, lying near the coast 7 miles NNW of Point Pu-
lies about 6 miles NNE of Chennai (Madras) Light (13°02'N., di.
80°17'E.) a factory and a conspicuous water tower lie 7.5 miles Gudali Hill (14°01'N., 80°01'E.), about 13 miles NW of the
6.17

NNE of the same light. A prominent water tower, 35m high, disused lighthouse, is flat and 90m high with a pagoda near its
lies 0.5 mile NE of the above-water tower. center. The hill is conspicuous except from positions near the
Caution.—Care should be taken when navigating along this
6.16 outer part of Armagon Shoal.
section of coast between Chennai and Machilipatnam because A beacon lies on the shore about 13 miles NNW of the dis-
6.17

the land is often obscured by haze. used lighthouse.

An anchorage, formerly known as Blackwood Harbor, lies
6.17

6.17 The coast between Ennur and Pulicat, about 10.8 between Armagon Shoal and the coast to the W.

Pub. 173
182 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9.1m, good holding

6.17 than 16m)—In position 14°15'12''N, 80°17'42''E.
ground, with the disused lighthouse at Armagon bearing be- Regulations.—Vessels should report their ETA either
6.18

tween 282° and 290°. During the Southwest Monsoon, anchor- through their agent or directly to Port Operations by e-mail
age can be taken with the disused lighthouse bearing 259°, (poc@krishnampatnamport.com) 7 days, 5 days, 48 hours, and
distant 2.8 miles. 24 hours, in advance.
Vessels approaching the anchorage should not shoal to a
6.17 The ETA message should contain the following information:
6.18

depth of less than 30m until the disused lighthouse bears 207°, 1. Draft forward and aft.
or Gudali Hill bears 259°. Gudali Hill should then be steered 2. ETA at the pilot boarding station.
for on this heading, passing N of Armagon Shoal in depths of Signals.—Storm signals are shown; the Brief System is
6.18

11m. used. Further information on these storm signals may be found

in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlan-
6.18 Krishnapatnam (14°15'N., 80°08'E.), (World Port In- tic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
dex No. 49455) a bulk port, lies near the mouth of the Upputeru Contact Information.—See the table titled Krishnapat-
6.18

River about 28 miles NNW of Point Pudi. This port has be- nam—Contact Information.
come one of the newest deep-water ports along the Indian
coast. Coasting vessels usually anchor about 2 miles seaward Krishnapatnam—Contact Information
of the river entrance, in depths of 10.1 to 11m, but this anchor-
age is only safe during good weather. Krishnapatnam Light, Port Authority
30m high, has a racon. Telephone 91-861-237-7999 (extension 40109)
Facsimile 91-861-237-7046
Krishnapatnam Port
E-mail kpcl.poc@adani.com
http://www.krishnapatnamport.com
Web site http://www.adaniports.com

Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel is about 6.5

6.18
Port Control
miles long with a width of 250m and a dredged depth of 18m VHF VHF channels 12, 13, 14, and 16
(2021). Detailed berth information can found in the accompa-
91-970-412-3311 (mobile)
nying table titled Krishnapatnam—Berth Information. Telephone
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory.
6.18 91-861-237-7999 (extension 40372)
Pilots board, as follows:
6.18

E-mail port.control@adani.com
1. Boarding Position A (for vessels with a draft less than
10m)—In position 14°14.50'N, 80°12.49'E. Port Operations
2. Boarding Position A1 (for vessels with a draft less 91-970-170-2027 (mobile)
than 12m)—In position 14°14.55'N, 80°13.50'E. Telephone
3. Boarding Position B (for vessels with a draft between 91-861-237-7999 (extension 40006)
10 and 16m)—In position 14°14'51''N, 80°15'18'E. E-mail kpcl.poc@adani.com
4. Boarding Position B1 (for vessels with a draft greater

Krishnapatnam—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
General Cargo Terminals
Aggregates, coal, ro-ro, lo-lo, project/heavy car-
S4 440m 18.7m 229m — 38.0m 88,266 dwt
go, bunkers, and breakbulk.
Krishnapatnam Port Container Terminal (KPCT)
N1 299m 16.7m 318m 13.5m 42.8m 87,618 dwt Containers, reefers, breakbulk, and bunkers.
N2 299m 16.7m 318m 13.5m 42.8m 87,618 dwt Continuous berth length 1,196m with N3 and N4.
Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd Terminal (KPCL)
N3 299m 15.0m 230m — 38.0m 93,361 dwt Breakbulk and bunkers. Continuous berthing
N4 299m 15.0m 230m — 38.0m 93,361 dwt length of 1,196m with N1 and N2.
N5 300m 19.5m 300m — 50.0m 209,177 dwt Coal and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of
N6 300m 19.5m 300m — 50.0m 209,177 dwt 600m.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 183

Krishnapatnam—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
N7 300m 18.7m 300m — 50.0m 207,986 dwt Coal and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of
N8 300m 18.7m 300m — 50.0m 207,986 dwt 600m.
North West Dock Terminal
New Chemicals, iron ore, mineral ore, and multipur-
240m — — — — —
Quay pose.
Chemicals, clean products, cement, fertilizer, iron
NW1 424m 15.0m 230m — 38.0m 93,207 dwt ore, mineral ore, breakbulk, multipurpose, and
bunkers.

Anchorage.—Recommended anchorage areas have been es-

6.18 is not very prominent. The pagoda is sometimes visible be-
tablished, as follows: tween the bearings of 248° and 293°.
1. Anchorage Area A (for vessels less than 180m loa), During fine weather with offshore winds, anchorage can be
6.19

with depths of 13.4 to 16.7m, is bounded by lines joining the taken off the mouth of the Penner River, in depths of 9.1 to
following positions: 12.8m, sand and mud, about 1.5 miles offshore.
a. 14°14.0'N, 80°12.0'E. A flagstaff, visible above the trees, lies on the beach at Isaka-
6.19

b. 14°14.0'N, 80°13.8'E. pelle Village about 10 miles NNW of the mouth of the Penner
c. 14°12.0'N, 80°13.8'E. River.
d. 14°12.0'N, 80°12.0'E. Nishanbotu (14°42'N., 79°56'E.), the N end of a mountain
6.19

2. Anchorage Area B (for vessels greater than 180m range which parallels the coast, lies 10 miles WSW of Isaka-
loa), with depths of 16.9 to 20.9m, is bounded by lines join- pelle.
ing the following positions: Anchorage can be taken off Isakapelle, in depths of 12.8 to
6.19

a. 14°14.5'N, 80°13.8'E. 14.6m, sand and mud, about 1 mile offshore SE of the flagstaff.
b. 14°14.5'N, 80°15.8'E. The holding ground is good, but a heavy surf sets onto the
c. 14°12.0'N, 80°15.8'E. beach.
d. 14°12.0'N, 80°13.8'E. Between Isakapelle and Ramayapatnam, about 19 miles to
6.19

3. Anchorage Area B1 (unrestricted), with depths of the N, the coast continues low and sandy for 7 miles, but be-
21.5 to 36.0m is bounded by lines joining the following posi- comes tree covered for the remaining distance.
tions:
a. 14°14.5'N, 80°15.8'E. 6.20 Ramayapatnam Village (15°03'N., 80°03'E.) is
b. 14°14.5'N, 80°18.4'E. marked by a church and some high clumps of casuarina trees.
c. 14°12.8'N, 80°18.4'E. The red church spire is visible over the trees. Tettu Temple,
d. 14°12.8'N, 80°15.8'E. white in color and 41m high, lies 2 miles W of the village, but
4. Anchorage Area C (quarantine), with depths of 9.4 to is not very prominent. Ramayapatnam Light, 37 meters in
10.9m, lies centered in position 14°16.6'N, 80°11.2'E. height, is shown from a hexagonal concrete tower lying on the
Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies
6.18 coast 0.8 mile NE of the church at Ramayapatnam.
within Anchorage Area A. Another dangerous wreck, best seen Between Ramayapatnam and the town of Kottapatam, about
6.20

on the chart, lies 0.7 mile SSW of Buoy No. 12. A spoiled 25 miles NNE, the coast remains low and sandy. Several de-
ground, best seen on the chart, lies 2 miles NE of Krishnapat- tached clumps of casuarina trees lie near the coast between Ra-
nam. mayapatnam and the entrance to the Upputeru River, about
10.5 miles to the N. Singarayakonda Temple, painted red, lies
6.19 Casuarina plantations line the coast up to 3 miles N of on a 51m high hill about 3.5 miles W of the Upputeru River,
the mouth of the Upputeru River, then abruptly changes to sand and is one of the few conspicuous landmarks between Ramay-
hills for 5 miles and becomes low and sandy as far N as the apatnam and Kottapatam. The rising ground near the temple is
Penner River, about 13 miles farther N. visible in places between the trees.
Shallinger Shoal (14°23'N., 80°12'E.), a spit with depths of
6.19 The Palleru River (15°19'N., 80°06'E.), marked by a beacon
6.20

3.2 to 4.6m, extends about 2.5 miles NE from the coast, 7.5 on its S entrance point, discharges about 6 miles N of the Up-
miles N of the mouth of the Upputeru River. A detached 5.5m puteru River mouth.
patch lies 1.5 miles S of the NE extremity of Shallinger Shoal. Kandalur and Konijedu, two hills connected by a ridge, lie
6.20

The Penner River Entrance (14°35'N., 80°11'E.) is not eas-

6.19 about 11 miles W of Kottapatam and are useful marks. Chi-
ily distinguished as the river enters the sea behind a sandy makurti, 638m high, lies 22 miles WNW of Kottapatam and is
point which is only 1m high. Nellore, the chief town of the dis- also a useful mark.
trict, lies on the S bank of the river about 15 miles inland. A Kottapatam (15°26'N., 80°10'E.), of little importance com-
6.20

white pagoda lies on a high hill about 6 miles W of Nellore, but mercially, lies about 1 mile inland. A prominent white obelisk,

Pub. 173
184 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

conspicuous tree at Nizampatam bearing 021°.

Coastal vessels can anchor, in 9.1 to 11m, sand and mud,
6.21

about 1.5 miles off the village of Vadarevu, 19 miles NNE of

the Gundlakamma River. A flagstaff and a conspicuous bunga-
low lie on the shore fronting the village.
A submarine cable and pipeline area has been established be-
6.21

tween the Godavari River entrance and False Divi Point. The
limits of this area, known as the Ravva Oilfield Development
Area, may best be seen on the chart. Anchoring and fishing are
prohibited.
The Krishna River (15°45'N., 80°54'E.) rises in Bombay
6.21

State and flows E across the peninsula of India, into the Bay of
Bengal by several branches, the mouth of one being near False
Divi Point.
The enormous amount of silt carried by the river has formed
6.21

a wide alluvial delta which extends seaward between the towns

of Nizampatam and Machilipatnam. Divi Point is the SE ex-
tremity and False Divi Point is the SW extremity of the delta.
Ocean-going local craft use the river for about 6 months of the
year.
Ramayapatnam Light Krishna Old Light, a white masonry tower, 44m high, lies
6.21

about 9.5 miles ENE of False Divi Point. Another old light-
about 15m high, lies about 1 mile NW of the town. house, a similar structure, 15m high, lies 2.3 miles NW of Divi
A shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 1.5 miles off-
6.20 Point and is maintained as a landmark.
shore and from 3 to 5 miles NE of the town. Depths of 7.3m and
less lie between this shoal and the shore. Shoal patches, with Machilipatnam to Godavari Point
depths of 5.5 to 8.5m, lie up to 7 miles E of the town. Mutapolli
Bank has been previously described in paragraph 6.15. 6.22 The coast between Machilipatnam and Godavari Point,
During good weather, anchorage can be taken 2.3 miles off-
6.20 about 97 miles distant, is generally low, sandy, and intersected
shore, in a depth of 9.1m, with Kottapatam bearing 295°. by several rivers. The shore in places is densely wooded, and be-
Depths should not be shoaled to less than 18.3m until certain of tween the mouth of the Gautami Godavari and Godavari Point,
the vessel’s position. the terrain is very low. Along this latter section of coast distances
judged by eye may be in error because of sand haze.
6.21 Nizampatam Bay (15°42'N., 80°33'E.) lies between Ravva Oil Field Development Area, best seen on the chart,
6.22

Kottapatam and False Divi Point, about 41 miles ENE, and re- extends up to 15 miles offshore. There are numerous lit and un-
cedes about 14 miles to the N. Except for the shoals in the vi- lit structures and submerged obstructions in the area. Not all
cinity of Mutapolli Bank, the bay is free from dangers and its hazards may be charted.
shores may be approached with safety to a depth of 9.1m. Subsurface moorings have been established E to SE of the
6.22

A backwater is formed 4 to 6 miles NNE of Kottapatam by

6.21 development area as follows:
the confluence of the Mudigorda Yeru River and the Gund- 1. 16°17.7'N, 82°22.8'E.
lakamma River. During fine weather, the latter river is available 2. 16°07.9'N, 82°17.2'E.
to small boats. 3. 16°25.1'N, 82°23.7'E.
A beacon lies about 0.5 mile within the Mudigorda Yeru
6.21 4. 16°18.6'N, 82°17.1'E.
River. 5. 16°12.0'N, 82°20.1'E.
From the mouth of the Gundlakamma River, the bay shore
6.21 6. 16°21.0'N, 82°18.6'E.
curves NE for about 35 miles to the entrance of a creek leading 7. 16°21.9'N, 82°19.2'E.
to the town of Nizampatam. Dindi House, a large building with Between Machilipatnam Point and Godavari Point, no other
6.22

a big high tree close E of it, lies on the N entrance point of the dangers exist seaward of the 20m curve which lies between 1.5
creek. A light is shown from a white tower, 30m high, with red and 10 miles offshore. Between the mouth of the Gautami Go-
bands. davari and Godavari Point the 15m curve never lies more than
Between Dindi House and False Divi Point, almost 13 miles
6.21 2.5 miles offshore.
to the SE, the coast remains low and sandy. A beacon lies on Sacramento Shoal (16°32'N., 82°20'E.), hard shifting sand,
6.22

the NW entrance point of a boat creek about 5 miles E of Dindi lies off the entrance to the Gautami Godavari and extends
House. about 4 miles SE and 3.5 miles E from Sacramento Light.
False Divi Point (15°43'N., 80°50'E.) is low and covered by
6.21 Depths over this breaking shoal range from 2.7 to 5.5m. This
small mangroves. shoal is subject to frequent changes in position and depth.
A bank, which dries in patches, extends about 1 mile S and
6.21 Tides—Currents.—The current from January through April
6.22

about 3 miles W of False Divi Point. sets steadily to the NE along the coast between Machilipatnam
Anchorage can be taken in Nizampatam Bay, in a depth of
6.21 and Godavari Point. In the vicinity of Sacramento Shoal a rate
9.1m, mud, about 6 miles offshore, with Dindi House and the of 4 knots is usually experienced about 5 miles offshore.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 185

The current in the bay to the W of Narasapur Point is weak

6.22 Godavari River, about 15 miles ENE, the low coast is densely
and variable. wooded. The entrance to this river is occasionally known as
Caution.—D1-D3 Gas And Oil Field Development Area
6.22 Warreo; during freshets, a spit forms off it. Two large promi-
and MA Gas and Oil Field Developments Area, best seen on nent clumps of casuarina trees lie on the E side of the river en-
the chart, lie NE of Sacramento Shoal. Anchoring and trawling trance. This section of coast may be approached safely to
are prohibited in these areas. Lighted platforms, pipelines, and depths of 18.3m.
other hazards to navigation are located within these areas. During January and February, the current sets W at a maxi-
6.24

mum rate of 2 knots off the coast between Narasapur Point and
6.23 Machilipatnam (Masulipatam) (16°09'N., 81°09'E.) the mouth of the Vainateyam Godavari River.
(World Port Index No. 49460), the only port of the Krishna The entrance of the Gautami Godavari lies about 23 miles
6.24

District, lies about 5 miles within the mouth of the creek of the ENE of the entrance of the Vainateyam Godavari. Only small
same name about 11 miles N of Divi Point. Vessels anchor in craft with local knowledge can enter the river in fine weather.
the roadstead to handle all cargo to and from native lighters. The river is joined by two tributaries close within its mouth;
6.24

New Machilipatnam Light is shown from a white, round,

6.23 during the rainy season the ebb current may attain a rate of 4
concrete tower with black bands, 3.8 miles NNE of the mouth knots.
of Machilipatnam Creek. The coast between the mouth of the Gautami Godavari and
6.24

The gates of the tidal lock have been closed and the wharves
6.23 Godavari Point, about 24 miles to the N, is very low and inter-
are not used. The old wharves are partially destroyed and are sected by many small outlets.
used by fishing vessels. A new wharf, 60m long, lies E of the Sacramento Shoal, which lies off the mouth of the Gautami
6.24

old wharves and is also used by fishing vessels. Godavari, has been previously described in paragraph 6.21.
Groynes are under development to protect the entrance to the
6.23 Masanutippa Temple (16°39'N., 82°19'E.) stands near the
creek and to increase depths at the entrance. coast, about 3 miles N of the Gautami Godavari, and is one of
Depths in the approach to the port range from 11m, about 5.3
6.23 the few objects that can be identified between the entrance of
mile E of the entrance of the creek, to a depth of 1.8m about 1 the Gautami Godavari and Hope Island to the N. The temple is
mile offshore. The mouth of the creek is blocked by sand banks not conspicuous.
and can only be navigated at HW by vessels with a draft of less Hope Island (16°49'N., 82°20'E.), one of a chain of similar
6.24

than 1.5m. islands which form part of the delta of the Godavari River, is
When approaching the port, the following objects are promi-
6.23 low, swampy, and covered with jungle. A black and white
nent: banded, disused lighthouse stands on Hope Island.
1. Karameda Beacon, 13.7m high, about 5 miles SSW of Anchorage can be taken by small vessels with local knowl-
6.24

the New Machilipatnam Light, is tilted on its base 10° to edge E of Masanutippa, in a depth of 7.3m, mud, about 1 mile
15°. offshore. Anchorage can also be taken 2 miles S of Sacramento
2. A chimney, with an elevation of about 29m, 1.5 miles Light in a similar depth.
NNW of Karameda Beacon. This chimney is reported to be
the first object sighted when approaching from the E. 6.25 Dhirubhai-1 Terminal (16°42'N., 82°41'E.) is an FP-
Storm and weather signals are displayed at Machilipatnam;
6.23 SO located within the MA Gas and Oil Field Development Ar-
the General System is used. Further information on these storm ea.
signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is carried out by the
6.25

Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India— Loading Master. The Loading Master boards in position
Signals.” 16°54'N, 82°29'E. Vessels should contact the terminal upon ar-
Anchorage.—The roadstead is large and the holding
6.23 rival at the Loading Master boarding position.
ground, fine sand and mud, is good. Regulations.—Vessels should send their initial ETA mes-
6.25

From January through September, vessels should anchor ac-

6.23 sage via facsimile or e-mail when they begin the voyage to the
cording to draft, with the lighthouse bearing 270°, and from terminal. The ETA should be updated 96 hours, 72 hours, 48
October through December, with the lighthouse bearing 288°. hours, 24 hours, and 12 hours prior to arrival at the pilot board-
ing position. Additional notification must be send if the ves-
6.24 The coast between Machilipatnam and Narasapur sel’s ETA varies from the original ETA by more than 6 hours.
Point, about 32 miles ENE, is low, sandy, and densely wooded If the vessel’s ETA changes by more than 1 hour after the 12-
in places. hour notice, the vessel must promptly notify the terminal of the
An inconspicuous beacon, about 6.1m high, stands on the
6.24 revised ETA.
coast 11.5 miles NE of New Machilipatnam Light. A beacon Upon arrival at the terminal, vessels should make contact on
6.25

stands on the coast 19.3 miles NE of the same lighthouse. VHF channel 16, changing to VHF channel 68 or 72 for final
Narasapur Point (16°18'N., 81°43'E.), low and wooded, instructions.
lies on the E side of the mouth of the Vasishta Godavari, which Berthing allowed only between 0600 and 1500.
6.25

is the southernmost branch of the Godavari River. An obelisk, A restricted zone, bounded by a circle with a radius of 3
6.25

24.4m high, lies about 1 mile N of the point. miles centered on the FPSO, surrounds the terminal. Vessels
Antarvedi Light, with a racon and a radiobeacon, is shown
6.24 are not permitted to enter the restricted zone unless permission
from a white square masonry tower with red bands standing 0.3 has been granted and clear instructions have been received
mile ENE of the obelisk. from the terminal.
Between Narasapur Point and the mouth of the Vainateyam
6.24 Vessels are prohibited from drifting within a circle with a ra-
6.25

Pub. 173
186 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

dius of 10 miles centered on the terminal but should remain 35m curves. The former curve lies between 0.5 and 6 miles off-
within VHF range. shore and the latter curve between 2 and 9 miles offshore.
Departing vessels shall advise the terminal when they have
6.25 Santapalle Rocks (Chintapalli Rocks) (18°01'N., 83°43'E.),
6.26

cleared the boundary of the restricted zone. with a least depth of 1.5m and dangerous wrecks close E, lie
Contact Information.—See the table titled Dhirubhai-1
6.25 between 5.5 and 6 miles SE of Santapilli Light. The sea breaks
Terminal—Contact Information. heavily over these dangers with a moderate swell, but not in
good weather.
Dhirubhai-1 Terminal—Contact Information The channel between these rocks and the mainland is safe
6.26

only during daylight. At night, vessels should keep in depths of

Port Authority over 35m when Santapilli Light bears between 322° and 290°.
Call sign C6VZ8 The summit of an isolated bare red double-peaked hill, 117m
6.26

high, about 2 miles N of Santapilli Light, in line bearing 304°

VHF VHF channels 16, 68, and 72
with Kandivalasa Peak, leads N of Santapalle Rocks. Santapilli
Telephone 47-35-542-355 Light in line bearing 322° with Kandivalasa Peak, leads S of
Facsimile 47-35-542-356 these rocks.

583-43089-4410 6.27 Kakinada Bay (Cocanada Bay) (17°00'N., 82°19'E.)

Telex (World Port Index No. 49470), a shallow body of water filled
583-43089-4411
with extensive drying mud flats at its head, is entered between
E-mail captain1@akerborgestad.com Godavari Point and the coast about 2.8 miles WNW. For many
years the bay has been silting up because of the discharge from
Godavari Point to Vishakhapatnam the Godavari River, about 8 miles S of the entrance, but is the
safest natural harbor on the E coast of the Indian subcontinent.
6.26 Godavari Point (16°59'N., 82°20'E.) is the N extrem- The town and port of Kakinada lie on the W side of the bay,
ity of a low sandy spit and narrow sand bank, which forms a about 2 miles within the entrance of the Kakinada River.
part of the coast N of Hope Island. It had been reported (1974) The low bay shores are subject to periodic inundations
6.27

the point had extended to a position 0.8 mile NW of Godavari during cyclonic storms.
Point light, shown from a white pillar with black bands on Go- The port of Kakinada (Cocanada) (17°00'N., 82°17'E.)
6.27

davari Point. comprises a partly-exposed anchorage located about 3 to 4

The coast between Godavari Point and Ganjam, about 215
6.26 miles NNE of the entrance of the Kakinada River and is suit-
miles NE, is mostly low, sandy, and backed by conspicuous able for ocean-going vessels; cargo is transported by lighters
hills at various distances inland. Between Pudimadaka, about between the anchorage and the wharves on the river bank
50 miles NE of Godavari Point, and Kalingapatam, about 80 abreast of the town. A floating LNG facility is planned for Ka-
miles farther NE, the coast is broken and rocky. Some of the kinada.
headlands in the vicinity of Vishakhapatnam are bold and
prominent. The coast between Kalingapatam and Ganjam be- Kakinada Port
comes fairly regular with a few slight indentations.
Tides—Currents.—The current between Godavari Point
6.26
http://www.kakinadaseaports.in
and Bhimunipatnam lies farther offshore than off Sacramento
Shoal, but its velocity is less. Inshore of this current, slack wa- Tides—Currents.—Tidal current effects are noticeable
6.27

ter is usually found. Tidal currents will sometimes be experi- nearly 0.5 mile off Godavari Point. The current follows the
enced close offshore. In July and August, the velocity of the contour of the land, with the flood current having a maximum
offshore current is less than 1 knot. velocity of 0.5 knot and the ebb current having maximum ve-
The currents off the coast from Bhimunipatnam to Gopalpur,
6.26
locities of 1.5 to 2 knots.
between December and June, are mainly influenced by the In Kakinada Bay, the flood current sets SW and the ebb cur-
6.27

wind, the tidal current, even at springs, having very little effect. rent sets NE. These tidal currents are strong at springs, espe-
In December and January, when NE winds prevail, the current cially from October to February, and must be taken into
about 1 mile offshore sets steadily SW parallel to the coast at a consideration when approaching in this vicinity.
velocity of 0.5 to 0.8 knot. Tides at Cocanada are semi-diurnal.
6.27

Toward the end of February, the wind hauls around to the

6.26
Depths—Limitations.—The coastal waters in the approach
6.27

SW, and in March, blows steadily from that quarter. In the to Kakinada Bay have shoaled considerably more than shown
morning the wind is generally light, but freshens during the af- on the chart. Depths are reported to be 2.7m less than charted.
ternoon to a force of 5 to 6. The current at this time sets NE The port is approached through a dredged channel, marked
6.27

parallel with the coast; its velocity close inshore is about 0.5 by lighted buoys and a range light, The channel has been wid-
knot. At 10 miles or more off the coast, its velocity is frequent- ened and depths less than charted exist.
ly 2 to 3 knots. Depths S of a line drawn between Godavari Point and Vaka-
6.27

The greatest velocity of the current observed between San-

6.26
lapudi Light to the NW shoal gradually to a depth of less than
tapalle Rocks and the mainland was 1 knot. 1.8m about 4 miles to the S. Depths N and E of this line range
Depths—Limitations.—Between Godavari Point and Gan-
6.26
from 7.3 to 11m, about on the meridian of Godavari Point. Depths
jam there are no known or charted dangers between the 18m and in the dredged buoyed channel leading to the barge facilities on the

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 187

banks of the Kakinada River average about 2.1m. Depths along- In the approach to the port Godavari Point Light and Vaka-
6.27

side the lighter wharves range from 1.2 to 2.1m. lapudi Light are conspicuous landmarks.
Kakinada Deep Water Port consists of a main jetty with six
6.27 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels using Deep
6.27

cargo berths and one OSV berth. Vessels up to 230m with a Water Port. The vessel’s agent makes the request for pilotage
maximum beam of 32.4m and maximum draft of 13m at HW 72 hours prior to arrival. The pilot station can be contacted on
can be accommodated. Two OSV finger jetties have been con- VHF channel 14 or 16.
structed with a permissible length of 90m and 8.5m draft. Rec- Pilots board, as follows:
6.27

lamation and construction in the container area has been 1. Vessels with a draft greater than 11.5m—In position
completed (2015). 17°01.0'N, 82°22.5'E.
Lighterage Area M1, which has been designated for lighter-
6.27 2. Vessels with a draft less than 11.5m—In position
age operations, has a radius of 1 mile centered on a position 17°00.1'N, 82°20.8'E.
about 7.5 miles ESE of Godavari Point, as seen on the chart. A Pilotage is not required for the Anchorage Port.
6.27

designated anchorage for vessel awaiting lighterage operations Regulations.—Vessels using the Anchorage Port should ad-
6.27

lies about 3 miles NW of Lighterage Area M1 and is also best vise their agent of their ETA. Vessels should also obtain bear-
seen on the chart. ing position from the harbormaster to ensure safe anchorage in
Details of the berths are shown in the table titled Kakina-
6.27 the Anchorage Port.
da—Berth Information. Vessels carrying dangerous cargo are not allowed to transit
6.27

Aspect.—North of Kakinada, the land appears bold, with

6.27 the port at night.
high land extending NE. South of the port, the low sandy coast Signals.—A signal station is located at Vakalapudi Light.
6.27

is marked by some sand hills and trees. Vessels can communicate with the station by Morse code.

Kakinada—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Remarks
LOA Draft Beam
OSV Terminal
O1 90m 90m 8.5m 25.0m Offshore support.
O2 40m 90m 8.5m 25.0m Offshore support.
O3 90m 90m 8.5m 25.0m Offshore support.
O4 90m 90m 8.5m 25.0m Offshore support.
O5 40m 90m 8.5m 25.0m Offshore support.
O6 90m 90m 8.5m 25.0m Offshore support.
O7 118m 90m 8.5m — Offshore support.
O8 100m 184m — — Offshore support.
11 207m 170m 10.0m —
Animal feeds, fertilizer, grain, and offshore. Continuous
12 207m 170m 10.0m 32.4m
berthing length of 621m.
13 207m 170m 10.0m —
14 230m 183m — — Offshore support.
Main Cargo Terminal
Berth 1 250m 295m 14.0m 45.0m
Berth 2 250m 295m 14.0m 45.0m
Berth 3 250m 295m 14.0m 45.0m Chemicals, clean products, LPG, vegetable oils, alumina,
fertilizer, breakbulk, multipurpose, coal, containers, and
Berth 4 250m 295m 14.0m 45.0m animal feed. Continuous berthing length of 1,910m.
Berth 5 300m 295m 14.0m 45.0m
Berth 6 300m 295m 13.0m 45.0m
PSA Kakinada Container Terminal (KCTPL)
Vegetable oils, sugar, containers, steel products, fishing
Berth 7 350m 295m 14.0m 45.0m vessels, breakbulk, multipurpose, and reefer. Continuous
berthing length of1,910m.

Pub. 173
188 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Contact Information.—See the table titled Kakinada—

6.27 wharves and breakwaters and the establishment of dredged ar-
Contact Information. eas and dumping grounds, have taken place in Kakinada Bay.
Depths may also be less than charted. Land reclamation has
Kakinada—Contact Information taken place to accommodate additional berths close S of the
harbor.
Anchorage Port A significant amount of tug and barge traffic proceeds to and
6.27

VHF VHF channel 16 from vessels at the anchorage. Mariners should exercise cau-
tion when entering or leaving the channel.
91-884-237-6129 (Port Officer)
Telephone
91-884-236-3825 (Port Director) 6.28 The coast, up to 10 miles NE of Vakalapudi, is low
and marked by numerous villages and coconut trees. Low sand
91-884-236-7055 (Port Officer)
Facsimile hills then appear and continue as far as Pentakota, about 16
91-884-236-7055 (Port Director) miles farther NE.
E-mail dirofports@ap.gov.in Round Hill (17°22'N., 82°16'E.), 653m high, lies about 22
6.28

miles N of Vakalapudi Light and shows up well from positions

Deep Water Port near Kakinada.
VHF VHF channels 12, 14, and 16 Uppada (17°04'N., 82°20'E.), a port of call for small local
6.28

coasters, lies on the coast about 4.5 miles NE of Vakalapudi

91-884-660-1111 (office) Light.
91-884-236-5889 (office) Pentakota, a small village, lies at the mouth of a river about
6.28

Telephone 21 miles NE of Uppada. A coconut grove lies near two fairly

91-884-660-1000 (docks) high sand hills near the entrance of the river. A white temple
91-884-236-8246 (docks) stands on a high hill about 4 miles NW of the village. Sudikon-
da, a high cone-shaped hill, lies 2.5 miles N of the same vil-
91-884-238-5402 lage. Both the temple and the hill are good landmarks. The hill
Facsimile 91-884-238-5403 is the most conspicuous because of its shape and color.
91-884-238-5404 Between Pentakota and the Dolphin’s Nose, about 45 miles
6.28

ENE, the coast is backed by a series of rounded hills which lie

E-mail mailkkd@kakinadaseaports.in on a plain and show up well at night. A prominent white obe-
Web site http://www.kakinadaseaports.in lisk stands on rising ground about 4 miles NE of Pentakota and
0.5 mile inland.
A beacon stands on a small very prominent rocky eminence
6.28

Anchorage.—Anchorage in the bay, E of Vakalapudi Light,

6.27

at Pata Polavaram, about 13 miles ENE of Pentakota. Sanjib

is subject to considerable ground swell from the SE, even when Peak, a remarkable conical mountain with a flattened broken
there is no wind. Anchorage may be obtained 2.25 miles ESE summit, rises to a height of 652m about 11 miles NW of Pata
of Vakalapudi Light, in a depth of about 9m. Safe anchorage Polavaram.
may also be obtained, in a depth of about 6m, about 3.25 miles Wattara (17°25'N., 82°52'E.), a small village, lies at the
6.28

SE of Vakalapudi Light. There is very little tidal current at common entrance of three small rivers, about 3.4 miles ENE of
these anchorages. Pata Polavaram.
Directions.—During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels should
6.27

A beacon stands on a 185m high hill abreast of Rambilli Vil-

6.28

make a landfall near Pentakota, 30 miles NE of Kakinada, and lage about 4.8 miles ENE of Wattara.
should then run along the coast in depths of not less than Pudimadaka Village (17°30'N., 83°00'E.) lies on the shore
6.28

21.9m. By day, when Vakalapudi Light bears about 248°, of a bight about 4 miles NE of Rambilli Beacon. A red stone
course should be shaped for the anchorage. At night, temple, with three towers, lies in the village.
Vakalapudi Light should be kept on that bearing until the Pillar Rock (17°29'N., 83°01'E.), 9.1m high, lies about 0.3
6.28

depths decrease to 18.3m, when course should be altered to mile SSE of Pudimadaka Village. This rock and some dark
230°, keeping the Kakinada River Entrance Light on that cliffs on the coast show up prominently against the white sandy
bearing when sighted until reaching the channel lighted buoys. beaches. A ledge of rocks lies between Pillar Rock and the
Caution.—Vessels are advised not to anchor between 1 mile
6.27

coast, and serves as a breakwater during the Southwest Mon-

and 1.8 miles N and NW of Godavari Point Light, because of soon.
the numerous wrecks which lie in this area. Some of these Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9.1m, with Pillar Rock
6.28

wrecks are dangerous to surface navigation. bearing 214° and the sheds on the beach bearing 282°.
Significant changes to depths within Kakinada Bay and the
6.27
The coast between Pudimadaka Village and the Dolphin’s
6.28

approaches have occurred (2015). Mariners are advised to con- Nose, about 20 miles NE, is rocky and backed by a hilly plain.
sult the local authorities for the latest information. Conspicuous sandy patches mark the SW sides of some of
There is a foul patch about 0.4 mile NNW of the point, with
6.27

these hills. A rock on the beach, about 4 miles NE of Pillar

dangerous wrecks within 0.5 mile N of the foul patch. Other Rock, appears as a low, black, double rock when viewed from
foul areas, best seen on the chart, lie NNE and NE of Godavari the NE. Kutu Konda, a prominent small rocky headland
Light. marked by a beacon, lies about 10.5 miles ENE of Pillar Rock.
Extensive developments, including the construction of
6.27

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 189

6.29 Gangavaram (Gangavarem) (17°38'N., 83°15'E.), of Dolphin’s Nose. A good lookout should be maintained when
(World Port Index No. 49479) lies about 4.5 miles NE of Kutu transiting these areas.
Konda and has been developed as an all-weather deep-water
multi-purpose port. The port handles several types of bulk car- Vishakhapatnam (Vizag) (17°41'N., 83°18'E.)
go. Its limits are best seen on the chart.
World Port Index No. 49480
Gangavaram Home Page
6.30 Vishakhapatnam, a port of growing importance and
http://www.gangavaram.com the fourth largest port in India, lies at the mouth of the Megh-
adri River, close NW of Dolphin’s Nose. Port limits extend
Depths—Limitations.—The outer channel has a dredged
6.29
from Dolphin’s Nose Light in the direction of 160° for 4.3
depth of 20.2m. The inner harbor and turning basin have been miles, then in the direction of 038° for 7.5 miles, then in the di-
dredged to a depth of 19.5m. These depths are subject to rection of 270° to a pillar on Scandal Point, 2 miles NE of the
change due to silting from strong currents. harbor entrance. Petroleum and iron ore products are the prin-
The port can handle vessels with a maximum size of 200,000
6.29
cipal exports.
dwt. Details of the berths are shown in the table titled Ganga- The only shipyard in India capable of building ocean-going
varam—Berth Information. merchant vessels is in operation within the harbor area. Ample
Aspect.—Pigeon Island (17°37'N., 83°14'E.), 21m high and
6.29
berthing facilities are available to accommodate all classes of
rocky, lies in a small bay 5 miles NE of Kutu Konda. vessels.
Dolphin’s Nose (17°41'N., 83°17'E.), a bluff headland 163m
6.29

high, is conspicuous when viewed from the NE or SW. A light- Vishakhapatnam Home Page
house with a racon, two radio masts, and a flagstaff stand on
Dolphin’s Nose. http://www.vizagport.com
Dolphin’s Nose has been reported to be a good radar target
6.29

up to 17 miles. Winds—Weather.—Southwest winds prevail from March

6.30

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. Pilots

6.29 to August; NE winds prevail from October to December.
board in position 17°37.0’N, 83°17.5’E. During the day, the NE winds are fresh, but at night they are
In bad weather, the pilot will guide the vessel until boarding
6.29 light and westerly. Heavy, windy, rain squalls occur during Oc-
is possible. tober and November, but most of the rainfall occurs from June
Regulations.—Vessels should send an ETA and quarantine
6.29 through November.
message, along with a request for a pilot, via their agent, at A considerable swell is experienced almost all year in the vi-
6.30

least 96 hours in advance. cinity of the port. Vessels have remained in the harbor with
Vessels should establish VHF contact with the port 2 hours
6.29 safety during cyclonic weather.
prior to arrival. Vessels are also required to maintain a continu- The climate is subtropical and varies from warm to hot, with
6.30

ous listening watch on VHF channel 16 when at anchor. high humidity throughout the year. Maximum temperatures oc-
Contact Information.—See the table titled Gangavaram—
6.29 cur in May, while minimum temperatures are usually recorded
Contact Information. in December and January. Through May, June, and July, tem-
peratures often exceed 38°C.
Gangavaram—Contact Information Tides—Currents.—From about August to November, the
6.30

current sets SW; from about the middle of December through

Port June, it sets NE. Inside the 35m curve, the current is much
Call sign Gangavaram Port weaker than farther offshore. Close offshore tidal currents will
sometimes be experienced.
VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
Depths—Limitations.—In the seaward approach to the har-
6.30

Telephone 91-891-288-9999 bor, a depth of 18.2m exists about 0.4 mile E of the head of
Facsimile 91-891-270-3377 South Breakwater.
The outer entrance channel between the outer breakwaters is
6.30

portcontrol@gangavaram.com 183m wide and maintained to a depth of 19m prior to the entrance
E-mail dc@gangavaram.com and to a depth of 18m beginning just inside the breakwaters, as
best seen on the chart. It has been reported (2014) recent dredging
marine@gangavaram.com has increased the depth in the harbor to 20m.
Web site http://www.gangavaram.com In 2007, it was reported that vessels up to 225m long, with a
6.30

maximum beam of 32.5m and a maximum draft of 9.25m

could be accommodated in the Inner Harbor and only daytime
Anchorage.—Eleven anchorage locations are available for
6.29

navigation was allowed.

the port, in depths between 22 and 50m, from 2 to 8 miles off-
Detailed berth information can be found in the accompany-
6.30

shore, which can best be seen on the chart.

ing table titled Vishakhapatnam—Berth Information.
Caution.—A wreck with a depth of 20.4m lies about 3.1
Aspect.—The landmarks which lie on Dolphin’s Nose have
6.29

6.30

miles ENE of Dolphin’s Nose.

been previously described in paragraph 6.28.
Submarine Exercise Areas lie centered 20 miles SSE and E
Vishakhapatnam Fishing Harbor is separated from Outer
6.29

6.30

Pub. 173
190 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Harbor by Groin No. 2 which connects to East Breakwater and ry berths were in use.
it is entered between N end of the East Breakwater and North A conspicuous white chapel, 68m high, lies on the summit of
6.30

Breakwaters. A light shows at the end of the North Breakwater. Ross Hill on the N side of the harbor entrance channel about 1
Several jetties extend NE from Groin No. 2 with a depth of mile NNW of Dolphin’s Nose Light. A conspicuous minaret
4.5m alongside the quayage. lies on the E side of Dargah Hill about 0.2 mile E of the chapel.
Lights in line, bearing on 234.5°, located 0.2 mile SW of the
6.30
A conspicuous signal station lies at an elevation of 65m on
North Breakwater Light, leads into the fishing harbor. A short Sand Hill about 1.25 miles NE of the chapel.
breakwater extends SW from a position on the shore 0.3 mile North of the port area, Circuit House flagstaff, 2.8 miles
6.30

NE of the head of North Breakwater and a light shows from its NNE, and the University clock tower, 3.5 miles NE of Dol-
head. phin’s Nose Light, are also conspicuous from the offing.
In 1988, the work in the shipyard was completed and the fer-
6.30

Gangavaram—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Gangavaram
1 240m 14.0m 199m 13.5m 33.0m 63,465 dwt Breakbulk, others, and bunkers.
2 275m 15.5m 230m 14.5m 38.0m 80,000 dwt Coal, fertilizer, steel products, bunkers, iron
3 285m 15.5m 230m 15.0m 38.0m 80,000 dwt ore, and multipurpose. Continuous berthing
length of 900m.
4 340m 19.5m 292m 17.7m 48.0m 200,000 dwt
5 320m 19.5m 292m 17.7m 48.0m 200,000 dwt Coal and bunkers. Continuous berthing length
6 350m 19.5m 292m 17.7m 48.0m 200,000 dwt of 670m.
Bauxite, alumina, fertilizer, bunkers, and mul-
7 235m 15.5m 200m 14.5m 38.0m 63,547 dwt
tipurpose.
8 Bauxite, bunkers, steel products, and fertiliz-
275m 15.5m 230m 14.5m 38.0m 82,629 dwt
er.
Breakbulk, bunkers, steel products, slag, and
9 325m 15.5m 290m 14.5m 35.0m 63,498 dwt
alumina.

Vishakhapatnam—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Visakha Container Terminal (VCT)
East Quay 395m — — — — — Containers, bunkers, and reefer.
VCTPL 450m 16.5m 320m 14.5m 42.0m 100,000 dwt Containers, reefer, and bunkers.
Inner Harbor
East Quay 1/ Fertilizer, coal, mineral ore, steel prod-
280m 16.1m 235m 14.5m 32.5m 83,617 dwt
1A ucts, and breakbulk.
East Quay 2 — 16.1m 225m 14.5m 32.5m 72,149 dwt
East Quay 3 — 16.1m 225m 14.5m 32.5m 63,672 dwt Fertilizer, coal, grain, others, steel prod-
ucts, bunkers, and breakbulk. Continu-
East Quay 4 — 16.1m 225m 14.5m 32.5m 61,644 dwt ous berthing length of 510m.
East Quay 5 — 16.1m 225m 14.5m 32.5m 63,590 dwt
East Quay 6 280m 12.1m 235m 11.0m 32.5m 63,132 dwt Chemical gases, coal, fertilizer, steel
products, iron ore, granite, and break-
East Quay 7 255m 16.1m 235m 14.5m 32.5m 92,997 dwt bulk. Continuous berthing length of
535m.
East Quay 8 255m 16.1m 235m 14.5m 32.5m 83,975 dwt Fertilizer, coal, and bunkers.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 191

Vishakhapatnam—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Fertilizer, coal, and bunkers. Continuous
East Quay 9 255m 16.1m 235m 14.5m 32.5m 83,611 dwt
berthing length of 435m.
East Quay Bio fuels, chemicals, and bunkers. Con-
180m 11.8m 160m 11.0m 32.5m 45,809 dwt
10 tinuous berthing length of 435m.
Oil Refinery
183m — 225m 10.06m 32.5m 49,999 dwt Aviation fuel, chemicals, clean products,
No 1
crude, LPG, and dirty products. Contin-
Oil Refinery uous berthing length of 366m.
183m — 225m 9.75m 32.5m 49,996 dwt
No 2
West Quay 1 212m 14.0m 235m 13.5m 32.5m 82,849 dwt
West Quay 2 226m 14.0m 235m 13.5m 32.5m 64,012 dwt
Coal, fertilizer, iron ore, steel products,
West Quay 3 201m 14.0m 235m 13.5m 32.5m 81,717 dwt alumina, and breakbulk. Continuous
berthing length of 1,123m.
West Quay 4 243m 12.1m 235m 11.0m 32.5m 84,104 dwt
West Quay 5 241m 12.1m 235m 11.0m 32.5m 58,168 dwt
Petcoke, steel products, breakbulk, and
West Quay 6 255m 15.5m 235m 14.0m 32.5m 76,596 dwt
bunkers.
West Quay
560m 16.1m 235m 14.5m 32.5m 83,375 dwt Alumina, breakbulk, and bunkers.
7/ 8
Coal, fertilizer, others, breakbulk, and
RE WQ-1 164m 12.0m 199m 10.0m 32.5m 63,377 dwt
bunkers.
Fertilizer Chemical gases, fertilizer, multipurpose,
173m 10.7m 195m 9.75m 32.5m 58,724 dwt
Berth and bunkers.
Outer Harbor
Clean products, dirty products, bunkers,
LPG Jetty — 16.0m 230m 14.0m 42.0m 80,000 dwt and LPG. Berthing length of 371m (in-
cluding dolphins).
Ore Berth
270m 18.1m 300m 16.5m 50.0m 200,000 dwt
No. 1 Iron ore and bunkers. Berthing length of
Ore Berth 402m (including dolphins).
270m 20.0m 300m 17.5m 50.0m 200,000 dwt
No. 2
SBM — — 333m 22.0m 60.0m 330,000 dwt Crude and bunkers.
STS
— 28.5m — — — — Crude.
Anchorage
Vedanta
General Coal, breakbulk, containers, and bun-
356m 20.0m 300m 18.1m 50.0m 200,000 dwt
Cargo Berth kers.
(VGCB)
Offshore
Clean products, crude, and bunkers.
Tanker
— 19.0m 280m 17.0m 50.0m 150,000 dwt Berthing length of 408m (including dol-
Terminal
phins).
(OSTT)

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for power-driven and

6.30 24 hours in advance. Vessels planning to enter the harbor on
ocean-going vessels over 100 gt who wish to enter, depart, or the same day of arrival should arrive off the entrance prior to
shift berth within the harbor area. Pilots board in approximate 2100.
position 17°40.3'N, 83°19.8'E. The following local port regulations are in force:
6.30

Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 48 hours and

6.30 1. Only one vessel may enter or leave the harbor at a

Pub. 173
192 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

time. Two naval anchorage areas, shallow water and deep water,
6.30

2. Tugs are maintained to assist vessels, as necessary, in are situated about 1.2 miles SSW and 0.8 mile SE, respectively,
entering the harbor or shifting berths. of Waltair Point. A naval tanker anchorage area is located
3. A pilot is required to be on board a vessel whenever a about 3.2 miles ENE of the point.
tug is employed. Anchorages for petroleum tankers are situated 1.5 and 3
6.30

4. Sailing vessels of 100 gt or greater shall not enter or miles SE of Dolphin’s Nose Light. A gas and explosives an-
leave the harbor unless towed by one or more tugs. chorage lies 3.5 miles SSE of the light.
5. No ballast may be thrown or discharged overboard It has been reported (1996) that during the Northeast Mon-
6.30

within the harbor limits. soon, vessels at anchor lie to the current, bow NE, regardless of
Signals.—Signal Station No. 1, with a flagstaff 26m high,
6.30 wind and swell.
lies midway on the East Breakwater about 1 mile E of Ross
Hill. Vishakhapatnam—Contact Information
Signal Station No. 2 (Dufferin Signal Station), with a flag-
6.30

staff, lies on the W side of Ross Hill, close E of another flag- Port
staff, 68m high. Vizag Port
Sand Hill Signal Station lies about 1.8 miles NNE of the
6.30
Call sign
Vizag Control
Dolphin’s Nose Light.
These stations communicate visually with vessels approach-
6.30 VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
ing or departing the harbor. Telephone 91-891-256-2758
The following signals are displayed for the use of entering
6.30

and departing vessels: Facsimile 91-891-256-5023

1. Signal Station No. 1, upon sighting a vessel approach- E-mail info@vizagport.com
ing the port, displays the International Code Flag P until the
pilot answers by the entering signal Web site http://www.vizagport.com
2. Vessels entering the harbor must display International Container Terminal
Code Pennant 4 and enter only after Signal Station No. 1 has
repeated the signal hoist. A green metal pennant with a white Telephone 91-891-255-0966
circle hoisted at Signal Station No. 1 and Signal Station No. Facsimile 91-891-272-1891
2 indicates the channel is clear for shipping.
3. A vessel waiting to enter the harbor should, if Interna- E-mail vct@vctpl.com
tional Code Pennant 1 is displayed at Signal Station No.1, Web site http://www.vctpl.com
keep well clear of the entrance to allow the departing vessel
Coal Terminal
plenty of room.
4. Vessels about to leave should display International Telephone 91-891-253-2828
Code Pennant 1 and proceed only after Signal Station No. 2
Web site http://www.adaniports.com
has repeated the signal hoist.
5. A vessel entering or departing at night and requiring a
pilot displays a white light over a red light where it can best Directions.—Vessels approaching the harbor should pass
6.30

be seen by the signal stations. through a position about 7 miles bearing 135° from Sand Hill
Storm and weather signals are displayed; the General System
6.30
Light, then steer 315° until a depth of 18.3m is sounded.
is used. Further information on these storm signals may be Course should then be altered to bring the lighted entrance bea-
found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South cons in line bearing 278.6°, which leads through the entrance
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” channel between the breakwater heads and into the harbor. The
Contact Information.— See the table titled Vishakhapat-
6.30
alignment of the various channel reaches leading into the inner
nam—Contact Information. harbor are well defined by lighted range beacons.
Anchorage.—Vessels waiting to enter the harbor should an-
6.30
The coast between Vishakhapatnam and Bhimunipatnam,
6.30

chor, in a depth of 22m, about 1.5 miles E of Dolphin’s Nose about 16 miles NNE, continues hilly.
Light. Caution.—There have been a number of pirate attacks on
6.30

Because of the currents and shoaling on the N side of the en-

6.30
merchant vessels in this area. Mariners are advised to keep a
trance channel, vessels should not approach inshore of the an- sharp lookout, especially at night, for pirates attempting to
chorage without a pilot. board their vessel.
Vessels anchoring in the roadstead must leave sufficient
6.30
A submarine oil pipeline, best seen on the chart, is laid be-
6.30

room for vessels entering or departing. Anchors should be tween the shore (17°40.9'N, 83°17.8'E) and a SPM (17°39.1'N,
buoyed. 83°18.9'E). A restricted area, radius 1.5 miles, is centered on
Anchorage is prohibited in an area at the inner end of the en-
6.30
the SPM. Numerous dangerous wrecks lie to the W of the pipe-
trance channel, as shown on the chart. line about 1 mile from shore.
An Examination Anchorage Area, best seen on the chart, is
6.30
Numerous changes have occurred in depths, maintained ar-
6.30

situated ENE of East Breakwater. eas and turning circles within the harbor. Mariners are advised
A lighterage anchoring area, best seen on the chart, is locat-
6.30
to consult the local authorities for the latest information.
ed about 4 miles E of the East Breakwater.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 193

Vishakhapatnam to Ganjam the river mouth.

The coast between Konada and Kalingapatam, about 37 miles
6.33

6.31 Waltair Point (17°44'N., 83°21'E.), about 4.3 miles ENE, consists of a sandy beach backed by low sandhills. Kandiva-
NE of the Dolphin’s Nose Light, is low, sandy, and backed by lasa, the highest and most prominent peak in this locality, rises to
red sand hills which show up well from the offing at times. an elevation of 537m, about 7 miles N of Konada and appears
Two houses on the side of a small hill about 4.5 miles NE, and nearly conical on all bearings from seaward.
the ruins of two houses on the summit of the Kailasa Range al- Santapalle Rocks, which lie about 8.8 miles E of Konada,
6.33

most 4 miles N, respectively, of the N entrance point of have been previously described in paragraph 6.25.
Vishakhapatnam Harbor, are prominent. Rushi Hill, 154m Ramachandrapuram, a flat-topped hill, 164m high, sur-
6.33

high, conspicuous and topped by a beacon, lies 3.8 miles NNE mounted by a beacon, lies about 10.3 miles NE of Konada.
of Waltair Point. Uppada Konda, about 3.5 miles farther NNE, Agra Rock (18°07'N., 83°46'E.), with a least depth of 5.5m,
6.33

are 127m high and have the appearance of flat table lands with lies about 3.5 miles E of Ramachandrapuram. The sea seldom
steep seaward faces. The high land terminates about 4 miles N breaks over this danger.
of Rushi Hill and continues low as far as the Gostani River The Nagavali River, which enters the sea about 14 miles
6.33

about 4 miles farther NNE. A few isolated, conical hills mark ENE of Ramachandrapuram, is shallow and available only to
this latter stretch of coast. A large high conspicuous sand hill light-draft craft. A beacon stands on the E side of the entrance
lies 2 miles SW of Bhimunipatnam Hill. of the river.
Caution.—Vessels should not anchor in foul ground which
6.31

surrounds Waltair Point within a depth of 15m. Also, vessels 6.34 Kalingapatam (18°20'N., 84°09'E.) lies close S of
should keep clear of spoil ground lying 0.5 mile SE of East the mouth of the Vamsadhara River and about 1.5 miles NNW
Point Light. of Sandy Point. There are no berthing facilities. All cargo is
transported by lighters from the anchorage in the roadstead.
6.32 Bhimunipatnam (17°54'N., 83°29'E.) lies on the S The town no longer has any importance as a trading center.
side of the mouth of the large and shallow Gostani River. Vessels Kalingapatam has been reported to be a good radar target up
6.34

anchor in the open roadstead off the town to work cargo. The to 27 miles.
town is built on the E slopes of a hill, 166m high, which is The land in the vicinity of the port is low and flat but the lo-
6.34

topped by some trees and a pyramidal obelisk. A white temple cality may be identified by Salihundam, an isolated ridge 125m
lies about midway up the E slope of the hill and shows up well high, which has its summit near its W end about 5.5 miles W of
when the sun shines on it. A tall factory chimney lies about 2.5 the town. This bare prominent wedge-shaped ridge has two
miles NNW of the town, and is a good mark. white temples and a tree on its E slope.
In the approach to the roadstead, the depths shoal gradually
6.32 Storm and weather signals are displayed in the town.
6.34

from the 18m curve about 2 to 3 miles offshore to a depth of Satara Reef (18°20'N., 84°09'E.), which extends about 0.8
11m at the anchorage 1 mile offshore. mile NE from Sandy Point, has general depths of 9.1m and a
Two wharves lie on the S shore of the river but are available
6.32 least depth of 6.4m at its outer end. The reef is steep-to on its N
only to lighters. Cargo is carried to these wharves from vessels and E sides.
at the anchorage. Considerably less depths than charted have been reported to
6.34

Weather signals are displayed from a flagstaff close SW of

6.32 exist in the roadstead.
the lighthouse; the General System is used. Further informa- An obstruction, with a least depth of 7.3m, was reported to
6.34

tion on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing lie about 1.5 miles NNE of Sandy Point.
Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Anchorage can be taken during the Northeast Monsoon, in a
6.34

Ocean under “India—Signals.” depth of about 9.1m, with the port flagstaff bearing about 284°,
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11 to 12.8m, sand and
6.32 distant 0.8 mile.
mud, with good holding ground, about 1 mile offshore abreast
of the town. During the Southwest Monsoon, a vessel should 6.35 The coast between Kalingapatam and Pundi, about 26
anchor with the lighthouse bearing 264°; during the Northeast miles NE, continues sandy and is backed by numerous isolated
Monsoon, anchorage should be taken with the lighthouse bear- hills. Bavanapadu Village lies about 19 miles NE of Kalingapa-
ing between 249° and 259°. tam.
The coast between Bhimunipatnam and Konada, about 10
6.32 A rounded rocky point lies about 7.5 miles NE of Bavanapa-
6.35

miles to the NE, is sandy and broken about midway along its du Village; the entrance of Bendi Creek lies about 1 mile far-
length by some low red cliffs which show up well when the sun ther N. Pundi Village lies 0.8 mile above the entrance of the
shines on them. creek. A white obelisk and a flagstaff lie in the village. The vil-
Amanam (17°57'N., 83°29'E.), a prominent flat-topped hill
6.32 lage is not visible from the offing.
254m high and bare, lies about 3.8 miles NNE of Bhimunipat- Bendi Hills, a flat range 175m high, lies about 3 miles NW
6.35

nam Light. Kavulvada, a high hill topped by a beacon, lies of Pundi. Khirsinga Hill, small, red, and 51m high, lies on the
about 2 miles farther ENE. coast about 1.5 miles NNE of the obelisk at Pundi.
Anchorage can be taken off Pundi, in depths of 12.8 to
6.35

6.33 Konada (18°01'N., 83°34'E.) lies at the mouth of a 14.6m, about 0.8 mile offshore, with the white obelisk bearing
small river. Several white buildings and some trees lie on the N about 281°.
side of the river. Rati Beacon (18°47'N., 84°32'E.), a 4.3m high obelisk,
6.35

Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, sand, off

6.33 stands on a double-peaked hill, about 8 miles NE of Pundi and

Pub. 173
194 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

0.8 mile inland. This hill lies at the end of a small range of A small inland basin, 1.25 miles farther NE, is entered
6.37

about the same height which slopes down to the coast. This through a heavily-silted channel, allowing passage for small
range is prominent when viewed from the NE or SW, and at a vessels only.
distance of 4 to 5 miles has the appearance of a headland. The Winds—Weather.—Winds constantly blow along the coast
6.37

steep Mahendra Giri Range, about 15 miles NNW of Rati Bea- near Gopalpur in March and April; the Southwest Monsoon
con, rises to an elevation of 1,524m. usually breaks about in the middle of June. Farther N the winds
A rocky patch, with a depth of 11.9m, lies about 2.8 miles E
6.35 are only occasional.
of Rati Beacon. Tides—Currents.—The currents usually set with the pre-
6.37

vailing wind. About the middle of January, the NE current be-

6.36 Baruva (18°52'N., 84°35'E.), a small town of little gins and by the middle of February it sets steadily ENE with
importance to shipping, lies on the N bank of a river, about 6.3 velocities of 0.5 knot close offshore, and increasing to 1.5
miles NE of Rati Beacon. The customhouse and a few huts are knots about 12 miles offshore. At the latter distance it sets NE.
the only objects in the town which can be seen from the offing. The NE current continues to run until July and then sets SW,
6.37

A group of trees SW of the customhouse is conspicuous. gradually strengthening to a rate of 2 knots and more.
Baruva Light is exhibited from a 30m high white tower with
6.36 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels greater than
6.37

black bands S of the town. 200 gt. The pilot boards in position 19°17.7'N, 85°00.9'E, 1
Two beacons, about 64m apart, lie about 0.8 mile ENE of the
6.36 mile E of the Fairway Lighted Buoy.
town. Baruva North Beacon is black and white banded; Baruva Regulations.—Vessels are advised to give an ETA 72 hours
6.37

South Beacon is white. in advance via e-mail with following information:

Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 8m, sand and mud,
6.36 1. Vessel name and IMO Number.
with Baruva South Beacon bearing between 308° and 318°. 2. Flag.
The coast between Baruva and Gopalpur, about 29 miles NE,
6.36 3. Year built.
is sandy and backed inland by ranges of hills. In the vicinity of 4. Gross tons and net tons.
Kaviti, about 10 miles NE of Baruva, the land rises gradually 5. Type of vessel.
to an elevation of about 91m. The higher ranges inland are fre- 6. Crew list.
quently obscured and are of little use to the mariner. 7. Crew effect list.
A masonry beacon lies on a large sand bank near the coast,
6.36 8. Bonded store list.
about 9.8 miles NE of Baruva South Beacon. 9. Store declaration.
Kaviti Beacon (19°02'N., 84°42'E.), reported to be partially
6.36 10. Currency.
obscured by trees, lies on a plateau at an elevation of 85m, 2.5 Confirmation of the ETA should be sent at least 24 hours and
6.37

miles NW of the masonry beacon. 12 hours prior to arrival.

Ichapur, a prominent sharp hill, rises about 4.5 miles N of
6.36 Upon arrival, vessels should establish contact with the Port
6.37

Kaviti Beacon and is 156m high. Dandrasi, a 206m high hill, Signal Station on VHF channels 12 and 16.
lies 5.5 miles NE of Ichapur. When viewed from the E, this hill Vessels at anchor must maintain a continuous listening watch
6.37

appears round-topped, but when viewed from the S it appears on VHF channels 12 and 16.
as a long summit with two peaks. The W peak is slightly high- Contact Information.—See the table titled Gopalpur—
6.37

er. Raegara, a conspicuous range with four peaks, lies 8 miles Contact Information.
NW of Dandrasi.
Investigator Rock (18°58'N., 84°42'E.), with a least depth
6.36
Gopalpur—Contact Information
of 2.3m, lies about 8.5 miles NE of Baruva South Beacon. The
water over the rock is not discolored and it is not marked by Port
breakers. A shoal area, with a least depth of 9.3m, lies 2 miles VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
SSW of Investigator Rock.
91-6811-257-699
Telephone
6.37 Sonnapurampeta (19°07'N., 84°47'E.), a small port 91-6811-257-799
on the N bank of the Bahuda River, lies about 17 miles NE of
Facsimile 91-6811-257-599
Baruva South Beacon. A white obelisk and a white column,
each about 15m high, lie on an islet in the entrance of the river. gplmarine@gopalpurports.in (marine)
A customhouse, with a black flagstaff, stands on the beach at gploperation@gopalpurports.in
Sonnapurampeta. (operations)
Gopalpur (19°15'N., 84°55'E.) (World Port Index No.
6.37 E-mail
49500) has been re-established as an all-weather direct berth- gplaccounts@gopalpurports.in (accounts)
ing port that offers excellent rail and road connectivity. The info@gopalpurports.in (general informa-
main quay, used for breakbulk cargo, with an overall length of tion)
225m and a depth of 12.5m, is located in the SW corner of the
harbor. A dry bulk T-jetty is 90m in length. Development plans Web site http://www.gopalpurports.com
call for deep water berths, additional dry cargo berths, and an
LNG terminal. There are plans to develop three separate har- Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained in an anchorage
6.37

bors with 15 to 20 berths and alongside depth 18.5m, allowing area centered on 19°15.9’N 84°59.6’E. Depths from 20 to
vessels of 120 000 dwt to be handled. 28m, mud, sand and shells.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 195

Unrestricted anchorage may be obtained ENE of the termi-

6.37 Care is also necessary when navigating in the vicinity of
6.38

nal, in position 19°18.0’N, 85°00.1’E, depths from 16 to 18 m, False Point. The lighthouse is difficult to identify during a heat
sand and mud. haze, because of its light-colored top and lack of background.
Unrestricted anchorage may also be obtained ESE of Gopol-
6.37 During January through March, fog may occasionally obscure
pur Light, a masonry tower with a height of 32m equipped with the light or cause it to show a deep red color. Frequent sound-
a racon, bearing 299°, distant about 0.6 mile. in depths from 10 ings should be taken and depths should not be shoaled to less
to 12m, sand and mud. than 20.1m.
In strong winds, usually between April and July, vessels
6.37 During the Northeast Monsoon or with NE winds, the cur-
6.38

should be anchored in depths of 16m with ample chain veered. rent in the vicinity of False Point generally sets to the W.
Directions.—The approach leads to the fairway lighted buoy
6.37 Tidal currents in the vicinity of Palmyras Shoals set at a rate
6.38

(safe water) located in position 19°17.7’N, 84°59.9’E, from of 2 knots at springs. On the NE side of the shoals, the flood
which leads to Gopalpur Port Range Lights with an alignment sets to the NW and the ebb to the SE. At the S end of these
of 262° that generally follows a track W through a channel, shoals the flood sets to the N and the ebb sets to the S.
marked by lighted buoys, between the breakwaters and into the From the end of June to the end of November, there is little
6.38

harbor. or no flood or W current off False Point and Palmyras Shoals,

Caution.—A firing practice area is located SE of Gopalpur
6.37 except at spring tides; a strong outset is experienced from the
centered in approximate position 18°58'N, 85°10'E. rivers during freshets.
The coast between Gopalpur and Ganjam, about 12 miles
6.37 Off False Bay the flood sets to the NW to N and the ebb sets
6.38

NE, is marked by several isolated conspicuous hills which are SW, each at a velocity of about 1 knot. The velocity is greatly
visible over the coastal sand hills. Manusurukota, a rocky hill influenced by the prevailing winds. The tidal current, together
54m high, rises about 2.3 miles N of Gopalpur. Landabaums, with the coastal current during the Southwest Monsoon, some-
the easternmost of two hills, is 198m high and lies about 8 times attains a velocity of 4 knots.
miles N of Gopalpur. This hill appears as a conical sugarloaf
shape from all directions. 6.39 Ganjam (19°23'N., 85°04'E.) lies on the N bank of
the Rushikuiya River close W of its entrance, but very little of
Ganjam to Balisahi Point the town can be seen from seaward. A fort in ruins lies on ris-
ing ground on the S side of the town; N of the town the land is
6.38 The coast between Ganjam and Balisahi Point, about low.
147 miles NE, is regular and intersected by numerous rivers. The port of Ganjam is little used because of the heavy surf
6.39

False Bay, a small, exposed indentation, lies between False and shifting banks.
Point and Shortt's Island to the NE. The Dhamra River dis- Paluru Bluff (19°26'N., 85°08'E.), 177m high and marked
6.39

charges N of this bay, to the W of Shorty Island, and to the S of by a light, lies about 6 miles NE of Ganjam and is the bold NE
Balisahi Point. termination of the high mountain ranges of the Ganjam Dis-
Chilka Lake, a large, shallow body of water, lies close to the
6.38 trict. Kujidheppo Peak, saddle-shaped and 340m high, rises
coast between Ganjam and Puri, about 50 miles to the ENE. about 6 miles N of Ganjam. Mount Chandikho rises to an ele-
With the exception of the high mountain ranges which rise N
6.38 vation of 462m on the W shore of Chilka Lake. The summit,
of Ganjam in the interior, this section of coast is generally low which lies about 16 miles N of Paluru Bluff, appears as a dou-
and sandy and marked in places by sandhills, scattered trees, ble-peak when viewed from the S, and lies out against the high
and jungle growth. On a clear day, some of the mountain peaks ranges to the W.
inland are conspicuous and useful marks. A low beach of sand hills extends 32 miles NE from Paluru
6.39

All of the known dangers which lie off this section of coast
6.38 Bluff to Chilka Mouth, the entrance of Chilka Lake. There are
are mostly contained within the 18m curve which lies between few landmarks found along this part of the coast. Mita Kua
1.5 and 13.5 miles offshore. This curve lies at its greatest dis- Bungalow, a small white house on a sand hill close to the coast
tance offshore in the vicinity of False Bay and to the E of about 20 miles ENE of Paluru Bluff, is the most conspicuous.
Shortt's Island. A beacon lies on the coast about 13 miles ENE of the above
Six detached 18.3m patches lie within 4.5 miles SE through
6.38 bluff. Sandari Beacon lies about 5 miles ENE of Mita Kua
5.8 miles SSE of Puri Light (19°48'N., 85°50'E.). Bungalow. Babeswal Temple, painted black, lies about 2.3
Central Sand (19°58'N., 86°24'E.), a shoal with depths
6.38 miles NE of Sandari Beacon and is sometimes visible among
ranging from 0.4 to 9.1m, extends about 1.5 miles E through the trees.
NE from Devi Point (19°59'N., 86°24'E.). A detached 5.5m Danai (19°59'N., 85°20'E.), a conspicuous sharp peak, rises
6.39

patch lies about 1.5 miles S of the same point. Central Sand is to an elevation of 577m about 22 miles NNW of Mita Kua
reported to have extended about 1 mile farther SE. In fine Bungalow and is a useful mark on a clear day.
weather, the sea does not always break over this shoal. Chilka Lake (19°45'N., 85°23'E.), a large shallow expanse
6.39

Palmyras Shoals (20°47'N., 87°12'E.), with depths of 2.3 to

6.38 of water, is separated from the sea by a long, narrow sandy
10.1m, lie within a radius of 8 miles ENE through SE of the ridge. Only boats can be accommodated.
central part of Short Island. The coast between Chilka Mouth and Puri continues low and
6.39

Caution.—Care is necessary when approaching Palmyras

6.38 sandy. Harchandi Temple lies on a sandhill about 0.8 mile in-
Shoals from the E, because the depths decrease rapidly and land and about 4 miles NE of Chilka Mouth.
soundings will give no warning of the proximity of these dan- Puri (19°48'N., 85°50'E.)(World Port Index No. 49530), an
6.39

gers. open roadstead, lies on a low sandy ridge on the coast where

Pub. 173
196 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

large buildings stretch about 3 miles fronting the sea. Puri area. Contact the port authority for further information.
Light is shown from a white pedestal on the wall of a two story A dangerous wreck is reported (2006) to lie about 11 miles
6.40

building. offshore, about 18.5 miles ENE of Devi Point. Another wreck
Storm signals are displayed at the flagstaff which lies 0.2
6.39 is reported (2022) to lie about 16 miles WSW of Devi Point.
mile SW of the light structure; the Brief System is used. Fur-
ther information on these storm signals may be found in Pub. Paradip (20°16'N., 86°41'E.)
160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean
and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” World Port Index No. 49535
Anchorage can be obtained off the town, in fine weather, in a
6.39

depth of about 14m, good holding ground. The soundings of 6.41 Paradip lies on the coast about 6.5 miles ENE of the en-
depths should be continuous while an approach is being made trance of the Jatadharmohan River. The port handles containers,
to the anchorage. general cargo, dry bulk cargo, and liquid bulk cargo.
Depth—Limitations.—The port is approached through a
6.41

6.40 Baleshwar Temple (19°50'N., 85°56'E.), a small channel with a maintained depth of 18.7m; the approach, inner
black pagoda-shaped building surrounded by trees, stands approach, and entrance channels are maintained to 17.1m.
about 7 miles ENE of Puri Light. Only the upper part of the There is a large turning basin 520m in diameter maintained to
temple is visible from seaward. 17.1m.
The Kushbhadra River entrance, marked by a temple with
6.40 The outer harbor contains two deepwater dolphin berths for
6.41

two palms near it, discharges about 13.5 miles ENE of Puri tankers. There are two berths with a length of 355m and an
Light. The river is shallow and of no importance to shipping. alongside depth of 17.1m.
A black pagoda in ruins lies in the village of Konarka, about
6.40 LASH operations are normally carried out between the
6.41

16 miles ENE of Puri Light and 2 miles inland. This pagoda is mother ship at the anchorage and the lighter berths at the S end
about 40m high and prominent. From the NE it resembles a of the general cargo wharf.
black pyramid. Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table ti-
6.41

Tundaha Obelisk (19°54'N., 86°13'E.), 4.6m high, stands

6.40 tled Paradip—Berth Information.
on a sandhill about 7 miles E of the above black pagoda. Maximum drafts allowed at the berths may change depend-
6.41

The Devi River (19°59'N., 86°24'E.), one of the largest

6.40 ing on tide and weather condition. For further information,
branches of the Mahanadi River, flows into the sea N of Devi contact local authorities.
Point. This point can best be identified by Balijori Obelisk, A South Oil Jetty, marked by range lights, has been estab-
6.41

which lies about 2.5 miles NNE of the point. Nulyasai Village lished in position 20°15.7'N, 86°40.2'E. A depth of 17.1m is
is also conspicuous to approaching vessels in the vicinity of maintained in the vicinity.
Devi Point. The river is frequented only by native craft. Aspect.—Paradip Light, with a racon, is shown from a round
6.41

Central Sand, the shoal which extends from the river mouth,
6.40 concrete tower, 1.5 miles W of the entrance to the port. The en-
has been previously described in paragraph 6.37. trance to the port is protected by a N and a S breakwater. A
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor off the mouth of the
6.40 trestle pier projects from the S breakwater.
river NE and E of Devi Point. With onshore winds, anchorage The channel leading into the inner harbor passes about mid-
6.41

can be taken, in a depth of 14.6m, with Balijori Obelisk bearing way between two breakwaters and then extends NW to the
317°, distant 1.5 miles. Anchorage can also be taken about 1 turning basin close SW of the T-head jetty on the E side of the
mile S of the above position when the winds are W. harbor. The alignment of the main fairway is indicated by two
Small vessels, with local knowledge and a draft not exceed-
6.40 pairs of range lights.
ing 3m, can anchor inside the river mouth, in a depth of 5.5m, Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels greater
6.41

with Devi Point bearing 057°, distant 0.5 mile. than 200 gt and is available 24 hours. Pilots board about 4.5
The coast between Devi Point and the entrance of the Jatad-
6.40 miles SE of the harbor entrance in position 20°12.8'N,
harmohan River, about 17 miles NE, consists of low sandy 86°44.4'E.
beach marked by small hillocks. Breakers are always visible Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Paradip Port) on VHF
6.41

across the shallow entrance of this river. The entrance of the channels 6, 9, 12, and 16.
shallow Patakund River lies about 6 miles ENE of the mouth of Departing vessels should request a pilot from Port Control
6.41

the Jatadharmohan River. A prominent building lies near the on VHF channel 16 at least 2 hours prior to departure.
shore, about 2 miles SW of the entrance of the Patakund River. Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 24 hours in
6.41

A conspicuous water tower lies about 1 mile NE of the same advance.

entrance. The following information should be sent by radio when a
6.41

Caution.—An SPM has been established about 10 miles SE

6.40 vessel is within 40 to 60 miles to the port:
of the entrance to the Jatadharmohan River. A submarine pipe- 1. Vessel’s name.
line extends from the SPM to a point on the coast about 4.5 2. Last port of call.
miles WSW of the entrance to Paradip Harbor. Anchorage ar- 3. ETA.
eas for VLCCs, each with a radius of 1.5 miles, are centered 4. Gross tonnage.
about 4.5 miles S and about 5.5 miles ENE of the SPM. An- 5. Length overall.
chorage is prohibited within 2 miles of the SPM and within 1 6. Breadth.
mile of the submarine pipeline. Vessels, except those engaged 7. Draft.
in SPM operations and maintenance, are to remain clear of the 8. Deadweight tonnage.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 197

9. Speed. 11. Type and quantity of cargo.

10. Dangerous cargo. 12. Name of agent and requirements.

Paradip—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Coal Handling Plant
CB1 260m 15.0m 295m 14.5m 46.0m 180,371 dwt Coal. Continuous berth length
CB2 260m 15.0m 295m 14.5m 46.0m 180,371 dwt 520m.
Central Quay
CQ-1 252m 15.0m 292m 14.5m 45.0m 181,572 dwt
Fertilizer, scrap metal, and steel
CQ-2 252m 15.0m 291m 14.5m 45.0m 180,694 dwt products. Continuous berthing
length of 755m.
CQ-3 251m 15.0m 230m 14.5m 36.5m 85,926 dwt
North Quay
NQ2 230m — 225m — 32.2m 72,149dwt Breakbulk and bunkers.
South Quay
Coal, fertilizer, grain, iron ore, lime-
SQ 265m 13.0m 260m 12.5m 43.0m 121,624 dwt
stone, and steel products.
East Quay
EQ1 281m 11.5m 260m 11.0m 43.0m 118,590 dwt Coal, fertilizer, grain, iron ore, lime-
EQ2 205m 12.0m 260m 11.5m 32.0m 82,598 dwt stone, steel products, and breakbulk.
Continuous berthing length of
EQ3 200m 13.0m 260m 12.5m 43.0m 121,624 dwt 686m.
Paradip International Container Terminal (PICT)
Fertilizer, grain, containers, tran-
Berth 17
450m 17.1m 229m — 38.0m 125,000 dwt shipment, steel products, breakbulk,
(PICT)
multipurpose, and reefer.
Other Berths
MPB 235m 15.0m 235m 14.5m 36.5m 84,104 dwt Coal, bunkers, and breakbulk.
FB No. 1 250m 15.0m 230m 14.5m 33.0m 81,789 dwt Chemicals, bunkers, phosphates,
FB No. 2 250m 15.0m 230m 14.5m 33.0m 82,003 dwt LPG, breakbulk, and multipurpose.
Clean products and bunkers. Berth-
North Oil
40m 14.0m 241m 13.5m 42.0m 90,000 dwt ing length of 360m (including dol-
Jetty
phins).
Clean products and crude. Berthing
South Oil
136m 17.1m 228m 14.5m 38.0m 74,999 dwt length of 361m (including dol-
Jetty
phins).
SBM 1 — 21.5m 370m 21.0m 60.0m 321,137 dwt Crude.
SBM 2 — 27.5m 370m 23.0m 65.0m 321,300 dwt Crude.
SPM 3 — 27.5m 370m 23.0m — 320,412 dwt Crude.
Iron Ore Terminal
Iron ore. Continuous berthing length
No. 02 — — 300m 14.5m 48.0m —
of 746m.
Coal. Under construction (2022).
No. 03 — — — — — — Continuous berthing length of
745m.

Pub. 173
198 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Paradip—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Iron ore and bunkers. Berthing
No. 04 210m 13.5m 260m 13.0m 38.0m 100,000dwt
length of 320m (icluding dolphins).

Paradip—Contact Information
Port
Call sign Paradip Port
VHF VHF channels 6 and 16
Harbormaster
91-6722-222-012
Telephone
91-6722-222-137
E-mail hm@paradipport.gov.in
Web site http://www.paradipport.gov.in
Paradip International Cargo Terminal
Telephone 91-6722-222-052
Facsimile 91-6722-222-308
E-mail pict@ict.in
Web site http://www.ict.in/pict/index.html
Essar Dry Bulk Terminal
91-6722-227-038
Telephone
91-7381-097-585 (mobile)
E-mail venkat.rao1@essar.com
Paradip Light
Web site http://www.essarports.com
Pilots
Call sign Paradip Port
VHF VHF channels 6 and 16

Signals.—Storm and weather signals are shown at Paradip;

6.41

the General System is used. Further information on these storm

signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning
Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—
Signals.”
Contact Information.—See the table titled Paradip—Con-
6.41

tact Information.
Anchorage.—Designated anchorages lie SE of Paradip
6.41

Light in the following positions

a. Examination—20°13.0’N, 86°41.0’E.
b. General No. 1—20°11.6’N, 86°42.7’E.
c. General No. 2—20°10.4’N, 86°45.0’E.
d. Tanker—20°10.0’N, 86°47.8’E. Paradip Port
e. VLCC No. 1—20°01.8’N, 86°38.5’E.
f. VLCC No. 2—20°10.4’N, 86°45.0’E. Caution.—A dangerous wreck, position approximate
6.41

The low coast extends about 3 miles ENE and terminates at

6.41
20°17.7'N, 86°47.9'E, lies 11 miles ENE of Paradip. A danger-
the Lion’s Rump, on the S side of the entrance of the Mahanadi ous wreck, in approximate position 19°45'N, 86°12'E, lies 37
River. A conspicuous white house and a water tower stand miles SW of Paradip.
about 0.5 mile SW of the Lion’s Rump. A spoil ground area, as seen on the chart, lies centered about
6.41

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 199

5.8 miles ENE of the harbor. ject to change, and available only to small vessels with local
knowledge.
6.42 False Point (20°20'N., 86°44'E.), about 2.5 miles False Bay (20°31'N., 86°55'E.) lies between Nurrea Banga
6.42

NNE of the Lion’s Rump, lies between the two entrances of the Nassi and Maipura Point, about 20 miles NE, at the entrance of
Mahanadi River and has been reported to be a good radar target the Maipura Nadi Depths in the bay decrease gradually toward
up to 17 miles. The lighthouse on the point is shown from a the shore over a bottom of olive-green mud, in the S part, to a
white round masonry tower with red bands; the lighthouse is bottom of sand and mud, in the N part. The shore on the W of
difficult to see if there is a heat haze because it has a light-col- the bay consists of moderately-high sand hills.
ored top and there is no background. Caution.—The Gahiramatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary,
6.42

False Point has been reported to be a good radar target up to

6.42 best seen on the chart, lies roughly between the 10m and 20m
17 miles. contours in False Bay. Fishing, trawling, or any other activity
A long tongue of land extends about 3.8 miles NE from
6.42 harmful to marine life within this area is prohibited.
False Point and almost meets and sometimes joins the S ex-
tremity of Nurrea Banga Nassi, a low grass-covered narrow is- 6.43 Satabhaya Sand Hill (20°38'N., 86°56'E.), 18m high,
land about 5.8 miles long. A large stone building, with a with an isolated clump of trees at its NE end, lies 4.5 miles SW
banyan tree close by, stands on the W side of the island. of Maipura Point. This hill is a good landmark.
A drying shifting sand spit extends N and W from the N end
6.42 Long Sand, an extensive drying shoal with the six small
6.43

of Nurrea Banga Nassi. Wheeler Islands on its N part, extends about 2.5 miles N and
The Mahanadi River (20°18'N., 86°44'E.), a shallow passage
6.42 NW from Maipura Point. The sea breaks heavily over this shoal.
available only to boats with local knowledge, is entered through The Maipura River (20°42'N., 87°00'E.), about 5 miles W
two entrances. One passes S and E of the land on which False of Maipura Point, is entered between this point and the SW ex-
Point lies; the other passes W and N of this land. tremity of Long Sand. Although the river is deep, numerous
The city of Cuttack, 55 miles above the river mouth, is the
6.42 flats obstruct its entrance and it can only be entered by boats at
headquarters of the Odisha District. half tide when the water is smooth.
False Point Anchorage (20°28'N., 86°47'E.) lies in the bay
6.42 Anchorage can be taken off Maipura Point, in depths of 11 to
6.43

W of the N part of Nurrea Banga Nassi. 12.8m, with the N end of the sand hills on Maipura Point bear-
The outer anchorage, about 1 mile N of the N extremity of
6.42 ing NW, distant 2.8 miles. Protection is provided from NW
Nurrea Banga Nassi, has a depth of about 7.9m. A depth of winds.
10m exists about 1 mile farther NE. The holding ground is fair- Shortt's Island (20°47'N., 87°05'E.), 3m high, is the largest
6.43

ly good, but a heavy swell is experienced. Anchorage is not of four small islands which lie on a drying shoal about 3 miles
recommended. N of Maipura Point. The configuration of the island is con-
Small vessels can anchor in a depression about 1.5 miles
6.42 stantly changing due to the continuous action of the sea. A tow-
long which lies W of the N part of Nurrea Banga Nassi, but lo- er, 17.3m high, stands close off the E side of the island.
cal knowledge is necessary. Anchorage within the bay is safe, Palmyras Shoals, which lie off the seaward side of Shortt's
6.43

but the depths are shallow because of silting. Island, have been previously described in paragraph 6.37.
Caution.—With strong S winds, the flood sets toward the
6.42 Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11 to 12.8m, about 4
6.43

coast in the vicinity of Satabhaya Sandhill about 15 miles N of miles NE of Shortt's Island. During strong SW winds good an-
the N end of Nurrea Banga Nassi. Vessels approaching from chorage can be taken, in a depth of 12.8m, with the middle of
the N must guard against this current. Shortt's Island bearing 206°. Vessels intending to anchor
With a strong flood it is advisable to approach the anchorage
6.42 should approach with the middle part of Shorty Island bearing
on a S course. Such a current is noticeable by the rapid drift of 226°. At night, anchorage should be taken, in depths of 11 to
the vessels to the N. Stemming the current by turning the vessel 12.8m.
to port, to the E or NE, from a S course is advisable before an-
choring. Vessels attempting to turn to starboard, or to the SW 6.44 The Dhamra River (20°47'N., 86°58'E.), the most
and NW, have been swept rapidly to the W and have grounded important of the navigable rivers of the Odisha District, forms
on the shoals extending from Temple Point (20°25'N., the N outlet for the confluence of the Brahmani River, the
86°44'E.). Kharsua River, and the Baitarani River.
The currents within the bay, W of Nurrea Banga Nassi, set
6.42 The town of Chandbali lies on the N bank of the Baitarani
6.44

through the channels at an average velocity of 2 knots at River, about 8 miles above the junction of the Brahmani River
springs. During freshets on the Kharnasi Nadi and the Jambu and the Dhamra River, and about 18 miles above the entrance
Nadi, the ebb sometimes attains a rate of 4 to 5 knots and sets of the latter river.
around the N end of Nurrea Banga Nassi. The area off the Dhamra River entrance embraces Shortt's Is-
6.44

The tides at False Point are semidiurnal.

6.42 land, Wheeler Island, Long Sand, Palmyras Shoals, and exten-
Vessels approaching from the S, and having made False
6.42 sive drying sand and mud flats.
Point Light, should not shoal to depths of less than 18.3m until The river is entered about 6 miles W of Shortt's Island, be-
6.44

the light bears about 244°, distant 10 miles, and the large build- tween Palmyras Point on the S side and an unnamed low mud-
ing on Nurrea Banga Nassi bears 100°. Course should then be dy point about 1 mile NW.
altered to about 320° which will lead to the anchorage. The extensive drying mud and sand flats extend about 2.5
6.44

The Kharnasi River and the Jambu River, which flow into the
6.42 miles offshore between the entrances of the Maipura River and
W side of the bay W of Nurrea Banga Nassi, are shallow, sub- the Dhamra River.

Pub. 173
200 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point

Shallow flats extend up to 6 and 7 miles offshore between

6.44 Weather signals are displayed at Chandbali; the Brief System
6.45

the entrance of the Dhamra River and Balisahi Point, about 4.3 is used. Further information on these storm signals may be
miles to the N. Kanika Sand is the S extremity of these flats. found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
6.45 Kanika Sand (20°47'N., 87°00'E.), an extensive dry- Vessels with local knowledge can anchor in mid-channel off
6.45

ing mud and sand flat, lies on the N side of the entrance chan- the town of Chandbali, in depths of 8.2 to 12.2m.
nel about 0.8 to 5.5 miles W of Shortt's Island. This flat has
been reported extending to the SE. 6.46 Dhamra (20°49'N., 86°58'E.), (World Port Index No.
The outer bar, which has a least depth of 1.5m, lies about 1.3
6.45 49540) lies 3 miles N of the mouth of the Dhamra River. It is
miles NNW of the middle of Shortt's Island. The inner bar, S of one of the deepest ports in India and operates 24 hours. It han-
Kanika Sand, has a least depth of 2.4m. dles coal, iron ore, and limestone.
The outer bar maintains its position and depths, but the inner
6.45

bar is subject to change. Port Authority of Dhamra

Chandnipal Bar lies in the fairway N of Kalibhanja Dian, a
6.45

long, narrow island which lies on the middle of the river close http://www.adaniports.com/dhamra-port
within the river. This bar had a least depth of 5.2m.
The several other bars which lie within the river were reported
6.45
Tides—Currents.—The mean spring range is 2.6m and
6.46

to have depths of 2.4 to 2.7m at certain stages of the tide. mean neap range is 1m.
In 1960, a vessel drawing up to 3.7m at HW and up to 1.5m
6.45
Depths—Limitations.—The port is approached through a
6.46

at LW, could ascend the river to Chandbali. 9.7 mile-long buoyed channel. At the end of the approach is a
Palmyras Point (20°46'N., 86°59'E.), about 6 miles W of
6.45
600m-wide turning basin. The approach channel and turning
Shortt's Island, is the N extremity of the low land which lies basin are reported (2021) dredged to a least depth of 17m. The
between the Maipura River and the Dhamra River. The point is N-most basin comprises an LNG berth with a 315m-wide turn-
difficult to distinguish because of the dense jungle growth ing basin and is reported (2021) dredged to a depth of 15m.
which covers it. The low land on the N side of the Dhamra Riv- Depths are changeable; contact the port authority for the latest
er presents a similar aspect as far N as Balisahi Point, about 4 information.
miles distant. Two berths, 350m long, can accommodate vessels with a
6.46

Three beacons, each 24m high with a ball topmark, stand in

6.45
maximum length of 290m and a maximum draft of 19m. How-
the vicinity of the entrance of the Dhamra River. These aids are ever, depths of less than 17m have been reported (2018)
visible from seaward, but are not easy to identify outside the Berthing details are shown in the table titled Dhamra—
6.46

outer bar. Berth Information.

The entrance channel over the outer and inner bars is buoyed
6.45
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 200
6.46

and the channels within the river are buoyed in places. These gross tons. Pilots board in position 20°56.96'N, 87°08.64'E.
buoys are liable to be moved to conform to changes in the Regulations.—Vessels should send their ETA 7 days, 6
6.46

channels and are not to be relied upon. days, 5 days, 4 days, 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior to
The buoyed entrance channel passes about 0.8 mile N of
6.45
arrival. The vessel’s arrival time at the anchorage should be
Shortt's Island, and then leads between the shoals extending confirmed 24 hours and 12 hours prior to arrival.
from it and Kanika Sand. It then leads W between Kanika Sand Vessels should establish communications with Port Traffic
6.46

and the N edge of the flats which extend E from Palmyras Control on VHF channel 14 or 16 when within range for berth-
Point. This latter stretch leads to the entrance of the Dhamra ing instructions.
River and passes N of the island lying in the middle of the river Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on
6.46

close within the entrance. VHF channels 14 and 16 when within the port limits and at the
Pilotage is not compulsory, but advisable for strangers.
6.45
anchorage.
The jetty at Chandbali provides berths for three small vessels
6.45
Entry is restricted to the LNG Zone, which includes the LNG
6.46

with a maximum draft of 3.7m. Passengers and cargo are usu- berth and associated basin.
ally embarked and discharged alongside the jetty.

Dhamra—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Beam Size
Dhamra Terminal
B1 Import 350m 18.0m 350m 50.0m 20,954 dwt Coal, iron ore, limestone, and bunkers.
B2 Import 336m 18.0m 350m 50.0m 20,954 dwt Coal, iron ore, and bunkers.
B3 Export 384m 19.0m 350m 50.0m 183,017 dwt Limestone, breakbulk, and bunkers.
B3A 456m — 350m 50.0m — Coal, iron ore, limestone, breakbulk, and bunkers.

Pub. 173
 Sector 6. India—East Coast —Point Calimere to Balisahi Point 201

Contact Information.—See the table titled Dhamra—Con-

6.46
Dhamra—Contact Information
tact Information.
VHF VHF channels 14 and 16
Dhamra—Contact Information
Anchorage.—Four anchorages, best seen on the chart, lie
6.46

Port Authority close N of the fairway, as follows:

91-6786-270-258 1. Two unrestricted anchorage areas—Centered on posi-
Telephone tion 20°58.47'N, 87°08.58''E and position 20°59.68'N,
91-789-4400-376 (mobile) 87°12.30'E.
E-mail marineops@adani.com 2. A quarantine anchorage area—Centered on position
21°01.42'N, 87°12.96'E.
Web site http://www.adaniports.com/dhamra-port 3. An LPG transhipment area—Centered on position
Port Control 20°55.44'N, 87°04.69'E.
Call sign Port Traffic Control Caution.—A foul ground area, best seen on the chart, lies
6.46

about 3 miles SE of Fairway Buoy.

Pub. 173
 7.
Sector 7—India—East Coast—Balisahi Point to New Moore Island—Bangladesh and Burma—West Coast

Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
Pub. 173

7.0

SECTOR 7 — CHART INFORMATION

203
 205

SECTOR 7
INDIA—EAST COAST—BALISAHI POINT TO NEW MOORE ISLAND—BANGLADESH, AND
BURMA—WEST COAST

Plan.—This sector describes the E coast of India E of Balisahi

7.0 7.1The autumn transitional season, a period of weak and vari-
Point and then the coast of Bangladesh and the W coast of Bur- able winds with land and sea breezes prevailing, occurs in early
ma. The descriptive sequence is from W to E and then S. October after the withdrawal of the Southwest Monsoon and
before the cooler drier weather of the Northeast Monsoon is es-
General Remarks tablished in late November.
7.1Tropical storms, with destructive winds, occasionally affect
7.1 The Hugli River, in the NW part of the Bay of Bengal, the coastal regions N of 15°00'N.
is the W branch of the Ganges and the means of access for 7.1Tropical cyclones, which develop in the Bay of Bengal, occur
ocean-going vessels calling at the port of Calcutta. Flowing most frequently during the transitional season. The Arakan
through the Sundarbans, the Pusur River, another branch of the Coast of Burma is more likely to be struck by a cyclone during
Ganges, is navigable by ocean-going vessels to the port of the autumn transitional season than at any other time, but rarely
Chalna. Similar type vessels also ascend the Karnaphuli River is the Gulf of Martaban affected. During the hot season, some
to the port of Chittagong. tropical cyclones cross the coast of the Gulf of Martaban.
7.1The Orissa Coast and the Sundarbans Coast are generally 7.1Tides—Currents.—Surface currents across the head of the
low, whereas the Chittagong Coast is marked by high mountain Bay of Bengal, as elsewhere in the bay, are developed and in-
ranges. fluenced by the effects of the monsoon winds.
7.1Cape Negrais lies about 333 miles SSE of Elephant Point, 7.1At the Sandheads in August, a strong current sets to the W;
with the intervening coast being irregular and broken in many in September, after the retreat of the Southwest Monsoon, the
places by the rivers which discharge into the sea on the E side current setting to the W depends on the force and duration of
of the Bay of Bengal. High hills and mountains back this sec- the E winds. During October, the current sets W and SW.
tion of coast at varying distances inland, and in most cases gen- 7.1Seaward of the Sundarbans Coast, there are strong rotary tid-
erally lie in a N-S direction parallel to the coast. Mayu and al currents. The flood current begins setting W at the end of the
Arakan Yoma are the principal ranges. Many of the peaks of first quarter, its direction is WNW and at half flood about N.
these ranges are useful marks to vessels navigating along this During the last quarter of the flood, the current sets ENE. At
coast. commencement the ebb current sets E, at half ebb it sets S, and
7.1Ramree Island and Cheduba Island, the two largest islands of during the last quarter of the ebb it sets WSW, thus making a
many which lie off this coast, lie about midway between Ele- complete rotation.
phant Point and Cape Negrais. Combermere Bay and Hunters 7.1Tidal currents along the Chittagong Coast S of Elephant
Bay indent the shore N of the former island. Point set parallel with the coast, with the flood current setting
7.1Akyab is the most important commercial port, although N and the ebb current setting S.
Kyaukpyu is of some importance. 7.1Tidal currents along the Arakan Coast set N on the flood and
7.1Winds—Weather.—The weather and climate of the area de- S on the ebb; they are greatly influenced by the immense vol-
scribed in this sector is primarily influenced and determined by ume of tidal backwater. Local in drafts of the current are strong
the Northeast Monsoon and the Southwest Monsoon and the during the flood and the outset is small during the ebb.
short transitional periods between them. The year is divided in- 7.1Caution.—Reefs, shoals, and sands extend seaward in a
to four seasons referred to as the Northeast Monsoon (winter general S direction from the delta shore at the head of the Bay
monsoon, cool or dry season), the spring transitional or hot of Bengal. These dangers, with depths of 5.5m and less, lie
season, the Southwest Monsoon (summer monsoon, wet or within the 11m curve and in places extend up to almost 30
rainy season), and the autumn transitional season. miles offshore. A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies
7.1The Northeast Monsoon, December through March, is 18 miles E of East Channel Lighted Buoy in The Sandheads.
marked by good weather, with very little rainfall. Several additional charted dangerous wrecks lie throughout the
7.1The hot season, April and May, is an interim period of weak approaches to the Hugli River.
and variable winds prior to the Southwest Monsoon. Increases in 7.1Soundings provide a guide when approaching these shoals,
rainfall in April and May do not equal the amounts of rainfall but if in doubt as to the vessel’s position, it is advisable not to
during June through August; this results in greater heating of the shoal to depths of less than 36.6m until certain of the position.
air masses. 7.1Mariners should be aware of and have regard for the numer-
7.1The Southwest Monsoon, June through September, is character- ous dangers which lie offshore between Elephant Point and
ized by cloudiness, overcast skies, light rain almost daily, inter- Cape Negrais.
spersed with rain squalls or thunderstorms accompanied by 7.1A restricted area established SW of Cox's Bazar is bounded
torrential downpours. Restricted visibility, high humidity, and gen- by lines joining the following positions:
eral adverse weather conditions are associated with the Southwest a. 21°08.0'N, 91°20.0'E.
Monsoon. b. 21°08.0'N, 91°32.0'E.

Pub. 173
206 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

c. 20°51.0'N, 91°32.0'E. ground, with the flagstaff NE of Chandipur bearing 312°, dis-
d. 20°51.0'N, 91°20.0'E. tant 7 miles. This is the best anchorage for vessels with a draft
of about 6.1m. Anchorage can also be taken closer inshore in
India—Balisahi Point to the Sundarbans Coast, lesser depths.
including the Hugli River to Calcutta 7.2The anchorage can be approached with the highest part of
Nilgiri Mountain (Dhobasila Pahar), about 16 miles W of the
7.2 Balisahi Point (20°51'N., 86°58'E.) is the extremity river entrance, bearing about 293°.
of the low land N of the entrance of the Dhamra River. 7.2During stormy weather, anchorage can be taken off Kulikhati
7.2The coast between Balisahi Point and the entrance of the over a bottom of soft mud. The Burhabalang River is tidal for
Hugli River, about 69 miles NE, is low, flat, and covered with about 23 miles, but is navigable for only about 4 miles of this
scrub and mangroves along its S part. Southwest of Chandipur, distance above the entrance. Native craft, with drafts up to
the trees are higher than elsewhere. Northeast of Chandipur, 2.7m, can transit this part of the river.
the coast remains low and sandy, but the sandhills are more
plentiful. There are no distinctive landmarks. 7.3 Baleshwar (21°29'N., 86°57'E.) (World Port Index
7.2The Orissa Coast terminates at the entrance of the Hugli Riv- No. 49550) lies on the S bank of the Burhabalang River, about
er. 16 miles above its mouth. This town was formerly a port of
7.2Winds—Weather.—A general description of the winds and some importance, but in recent years there has been no sea-
weather along the coast has been previously given in paragraph borne trade.
7.1. 7.3Cargo is transported by barges from the anchorage in
7.2Baleshwar Road is in the track of cyclonic storms which pass Baleshwar Road.
through this area. Many disasters have been caused by these 7.3The Panchpara River (21°31'N., 87°07'E.) discharges into
storms. the sea about 4.5 miles NE of the entrance of the Burhabalang
7.2Tides—Currents.—At Balramgari, which is just within the River. The river is navigable only by small native craft capable
Burhabalang River Entrance (21°29'N., 87°03'E.), springs of crossing the bar.
rise 3.7m and neaps rise 2.4m. 7.3The coast between the entrance of the Panchpara River and
7.2The tidal currents in Baleshwar Road set NE during the flood the Subarnarekha River, about 13 miles ENE, is marked by
and SW during the ebb. Both currents set at a rate of 2 knots at several sandhills. Pippli Sand, which dries, lies about 2 miles S
springs. of the latter river entrance.
7.2In the Burhabalang River, the ebb lasts 8 or 9 hours and sets 7.3The Subarnarekha River (21°34'N., 87°23'E.) is reported
at a rate of as high as 4 knots. The set of the flood averages on- to have moderate depths within its entrance and is navigable by
ly 0.5 knot. native craft for about 16 miles of its distance. The former port
7.2Depths—Limitations.—Between Balisahi Point and the en- of Subarnarekha lies at the mouth of the river, but is available
trance of the Hugli River, the 18m curve lies about 9.5 miles E only to fishing boats. A pagoda and a clump of trees lie near
of Balisahi Point and extends NE to a position about 22 miles S the mouth of the river on the W bank.
of the entrance of the Subarnarekha River (21°34'N., 7.3Anchorage can be taken off the mouth of the river, in depths
87°23'E.), and then extends ESE to a position about 40 miles S of 8.2 to 9.1m, with the pagoda bearing 327°, distant 8 miles.
of the entrance of the Hugli River. With the exception of a de- 7.3Digwah Mohan and Munder Mohan, both shallow streams,
tached 34.7m patch, which was reported to lie about 72 miles discharge about 13 and 17 miles ENE, respectively, of the
SE of Balisahi Point, there are known dangers seaward of the mouth of the Subarnarekha River. The Pichaboni River dis-
18m curve. Those dangers which lie within the 5.5m curve ad- charges about 6 miles farther E.
jacent to the coast are described under the principal description 7.3The Rasulpur River (21°47'N., 87°54'E.), about 9.5 miles
of the features which they front. NE of the Pichaboni River, discharges on the W side of the
7.2The coast between Balisahi Point and the entrance of the Bur- Hugli River just within its entrance.
habalang River is bordered by drying flats. The coast is low as 7.3Quoin Sandhill (21°36'N., 87°28'E.) lies on the shore about
far as the village of Bideipur, about 13 miles NNW of Balisahi 6.3 miles WSW of the entrance of Digwah Mohan, otherwise
Point. Between this village and Kulikhati, about 8 miles to the N, this stretch of coast is without any prominent features.
the flat coast is bordered by dense mangroves. At Nauri, about 7.3South of the mouth of Digwah Mohan, the 5m curve is
11 miles NNE, the coast is marked by low sand hills and taller tongue-shaped, with its outer edge about 10 miles offshore.
trees. These coastal features continue for an additional 10 miles Depths within this curve decrease to 4.6m. During bad weath-
NE to the village of Chandipur. A large double pagoda, about er, heavy breakers are raised over this shoal projection.
midway between Nauri and Chandipur and 2 miles inland, is vis- 7.3Jensen Sand, which dries 4.6m on its inner part and 4m on its
ible among the trees on NW bearings. outer part, extends about 8 miles SSW from the mouth of the
7.2A sand cliff, 16m high, lies in Chandipur. A black flagstaff Rasulpur River. Spense Sand, which dries from 0.3 to 2.4m in
lies near a large white bungalow, about 0.8 mile NE of Chandi- places, extends about 7 miles SSW from the S extremity of
pur. Jensen Sand. A shoal, with depths of 0.6 to 4.9m, extends
7.2The entrance of the Burhabalang River lies 2.3 miles NE of about 19 miles S from Spense Sand and terminates in Western
Chandipur and is marked by low, barren, sandhills. Sea Reef.
7.2Anchorage.—Baleshwar Road (21°23'N., 87°07'E.), which 7.3Buoy EB is moored 1 mile WSW of the outer end of Western
lies off the entrance of the Burhabalang River, provides an- Sea Reef.
chorage, in a depth of about 7.3m, sand and mud, good holding

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 207

India—Approaches to the Entrance of the Hugli 2. Number of working VHF radios on board.
River 3. If AIS is on board and operational.
4. Gross tonnage and nrt.
7.4 Vessels entering the Hugli River approach Eastern 5. Fresh water draft fore and aft.
Channel Light Vessel, which is moored about 46.5 miles SSE 6. Speed.
of Sagar Island Light (21°39'N., 88°03'E.). 7. Length overall.
7.4During the Southwest Monsoon, it is best to make the coast 8. Cargo on board (type and quantity).
near Puri (19°48'N., 85°50'E.) or between Pundi and Ganjam, 7.4The pilot station will advise vessels of the following infor-
where higher land backs the coast. When the weather is very mation:
hazy, the land is obscured until a very near approach is made. It 1. Convoy number.
is advisable to determine a vessel’s position before proceeding 2. Number of vessel in convoy.
N of Puri. 3. Name of preceding and succeeding vessels.
7.4Soundings provide a guide when approaching this coast; the 4. Which side pilot ladder is required.
183m curve lies about 21 miles SE of Pundi, 23 miles SE of 5. Lower Gasper reporting time.
Ganjam, and 15 miles S of Puri. At night, vessels should make 6. Upper Gasper reporting time.
Kalingapatam Light, Gopalpur Light, or Puri Light. Depths of 7.4Vessels should also contact the Vessel Traffic Management
36.6m lie about 4 miles off Kalingapatam, 3.5 miles off Gan- System (VTMS) Station by calling VTMS Control on VHF
jam, and 13 miles S of Puri; continuous soundings should be channel 16 or 68 for anchoring or pilot boarding instructions.
taken when approaching the coast. For further information, see Regulations.
7.4At night or in bad weather, a vessel should proceed along the 7.4For the transit from Sandheads to the pilot boarding position
coast in depths of about 36.6m. During the day, in clear weath- off Sagar Island, all vessels are provided remote pilotage
er, the Jagannath Pagodas at Puri and the black pagoda at through the VTMS.
Konarak should be sighted when passing. When about 10 miles 7.4River pilots board off Sagar Island in the vicinity of Middle-
beyond the black pagoda at Konarak, course should be shaped ton Point (21°35'N., 88°05'E.). Harbor pilots board in Garden
for Eastern Channel Light Vessel. Care should be given to the Reach in position 22°33'10.2''N, 88°17'20.4''E.
soundings when passing False Point, as the depths decrease 7.4For tankers and vessels greater than 160m long, and tankers
gradually toward the shoal ground around it. At night, vessels in particular, pilots may board or disembark further S than usu-
should keep in depths of not less than 26m or even 37m when al, depending on the prevailing weather conditions.
the wind is SE. 7.4The normal draft for vessels that can be taken upriver at
7.4In September, toward the end of the Southwest Monsoon, the springs, under normal conditions, is about 7.9 and 7.3m at
current sets strongly to the SW, and if a vessel’s position is neaps. Occasionally the maximum draft at neaps decreases to
fixed, landfall should not be made so far to the S. 5.2m. A forecast of monthly drafts is published by the port au-
7.4During the Northeast Monsoon, if a vessel is on the E side of thorities; for deeper draft vessels or vessels of 7 knots and un-
the Bay of Bengal, course should be shaped directly for East- der, special arrangements must be made and the date selected
ern Channel Light Vessel. by the port pilotage office.
7.4Depths—Limitations.—A bank, located in position 7.4In 1976, a barrage, 60 miles N of Calcutta, was in operation.
20°44'N, 87°35'E and extending off the coast between False This is expected to control the river flow so as to enable vessels
Point and Palmyras Point, is an excellent guide when ap- of 8.5m draft to reach Calcutta throughout the year and to re-
proaching the entrance of the Hugli River. The bottom, when in duce the effect of tidal bores.
depths of 36.6 to 42.1m, consists of reddish-colored shell and 7.4The pilot vessel is stationed between Gasper Channel and
sand and gravel; in deeper water to the E or seaward, the bot- Sagar Island. Fast motor launches are used to embark and dis-
tom consists of sand and mud with shining specks, or olive-col- embark the pilot. In very strong winds and heavy seas, the pilot
ored mud with broken shells. The E edge of the ridge is rather vessel cruises about 10 miles S of the light vessel.
steep, with depths seaward of it ranging from 51 to 55m. 7.4The pilot vessel, when sending a pilot to board a vessel, will
7.4The 35m curve follows the NE curve of the coast and lies lie with the wind on its port side at all times throughout the year.
about 24 miles E of False Point Light and 25 miles E of Palmy- When supplying a pilot, the pilot vessel will be underway during
ras Shoals. the Southwest Monsoon from March 15 to October 31 inclusive;
7.4Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory N of latitude 21°37'N for it may be found at anchor during the Northeast Monsoon, either
all vessels over 100 gross tons. Vessels are prohibited from in the vicinity of the light vessel, or up to 10 miles N of the East-
navigating the Hugli River without a pilot. Pilots are available ern Channel Light Vessel. No vessel shall anchor within a radius
24 hours. of 2 miles from Eastern Channel Light Vessel.
7.4All vessels approaching Sandheads in the vicinity of Eastern 7.4Masters of vessels wishing to board a pilot are advised to ap-
Channel Light Vessel should contact the pilot vessel (call sign: proach the pilot vessel from astern of it, heading in the same di-
Sandheads Pilot) on VHF channel 16 or 68 for further instruc- rection, and about three ship’s length distant. The pilot vessel
tions. A new pilot station, best seen on the chart, lies 7 miles will proceed ahead, dropping a pulling or motor boat, which
SSE of the entrance to the Eastern Channel. should be picked up. The pilot vessel will always either turn
7.4Vessels should advise the pilots of the ETA at Eastern Channel around or move far enough ahead to allow the following vessel
Light Vessel well in advance. The message should include the sufficient sea room to maneuver. Deep-draft vessels, approach-
following information: ing slowly during the Southwest Monsoon, should bear in mind
1. Vessel name, call sign, and MMSI number. that the pilot vessel is drifting to leeward and should approach

Pub. 173
208 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

slightly on its starboard quarter. A long boat rope and a pilot lad- Vessels are required to contact VTMS Control, as follows:
7.4

der fitted with man ropes should be ready on the starboard side. 1. On arrival at Sandheads (provide breadth, net ton-
7.4During the Southwest Monsoon, from March 15 to October 31, nage, draft, and loa).
the pilot vessel, when on station at the Sandheads will display, be- 2. On anchoring at Sandheads (provide time of anchor-
tween sunset and sunrise, a flashing white light every 3 seconds. ing and position).
The light is displayed from the top of the superstructure, but is not 3. When weighing anchor (provide time underway).
easily made out because of its low power. 4. When passing the following lines of latitude:
7.4The pilot vessel displays the usual signals for a pilot vessel a. Latitude 21°10'N.
on station when underway and, in addition, a light at the fore- b. Jonaki Light Vessel (21°17'N.).
mast head, which is displayed in accordance with orders issued c. Lower Gasper Light Vessel (21°22'N.).
by the local port authorities. A stern light is also displayed. A VTMS guidance is not available N of Middleton Lighted
7.4

red and white pilot flag is displayed by day. This flag is only Buoy.
displayed when a pilot is available on board. Vessels at anchor are required to maintain a VHF listening
7.4

7.4Should the pilot vessel be at anchor, it will display the Inter- watch.
national Code of Signals signifying that it is at anchor. At Contact Information.—See the table titled Hugli River—
7.4

night, it will display the lights for a pilot vessel at anchor, to- Contact Information.
gether with the anchor lights.
7.4Should a vessel arrive at the Sandheads and not find a vessel Hugli River—Contact Information
displaying the above signals, it will signify that no pilots are
available on the station. Instructions should then be requested Harbormaster
by radio. Telephone 91-33-2439-1884
7.4Vessels arriving at the Sandheads should have their clocks
Facsimile 91-33-2439-1853
set to Bengal time, which is 5.5 hours fast of GMT; this time is
kept by the pilot vessel and at Calcutta. Vessels should attempt Pilot Station, Sagar
to inform the pilot vessel by radio at least 24 hours in advance
Sagar Pilot Station
of their ETA at the pilot vessel, stating their gt, draft in fresh Call sign
water, speed, length overall, whether any explosives are on Sandheads Pilot
board, number of passengers if any, and details about any live- VHF VHF channels 16 and 68
stock.
7.4An ETA should be sent to the pilot vessel at the Sandheads Radio 4147.4 kHz or 8295.4 kHz
immediately upon vessel’s departure from a port less than 24 Telephone 91-32-1024-0348
hours steaming distance away. Vessels wishing to make any
sound signals should do so in accordance with the Regulations Hours of Operation
for Preventing Collisions at Sea. 4147.4 kHz 0500-0900 and 1600-2200 (local)
7.4To enable a vessel to reach Calcutta on one tide it is best to ar-
rive at the Sandheads at the time of low water at Sagar Island. 8295.4 kHz 1000-1630 (local)
However, it is necessary to have daylight for the last 4 hours of VHF channel 16 24 hours
the passage.
7.4With a strong E wind, there is a strong set to the W. It is then 7.4Anchorage.—If for any reason it should become necessary
especially important that masters be guided by the advice given to anchor when approaching the pilot vessel, a vessel should do
by the pilot vessel. so S of a line bearing 270° from Matia Station Buoy
7.4Signals from the pilot vessel to prepare for bad weather (20°59'N., 88°38'E.), in a depth of not less than 27.4m, mud,
should not be ignored. and not too close to the pilot vessel.
7.4The tidal current should be studied; with the first of the flood 7.4When anchoring, vessels should stem the tide before letting
setting to the W, a vessel should lie E, and with the first of the go an anchor, because the current sets strongly at the Sand-
ebb setting E, lie W and N. heads.
7.4Lloyd’s agents at Calcutta have facilities for delivering com-
munications to vessels at the Sandheads.
When within the Hugli River, vessels embarking a pilot hoist
India—The Hugli River Entrance (21°39'N.,
7.4

a black ball at the masthead, lowering it to half-staff when at

88°01'E.)
low speed. 7.5 Eastern Channel Light Vessel, which is frequently
7.4Regulations.—A Vessel Traffic Management System moved, marks the entrance of Eastern Channel, the main fair-
(VTMS) is in operation to improve the safety of vessels enter- way leading to the Hugli River. Eastern Channel is available
ing Calcutta and Haldia. Three radar surveillance stations lo- for use both by day and night and leads into Gaspar Channel,
cated at Sagar Island, Frasergunj, and Haldia will allow vessels which in turn leads into Sagar Roads
to enter the navigation channel safely on the Hugli Delta be- Caution is necessary, as several dangerous wrecks, best seen
7.5

tween Jonaki Light Float (21°17.0'N., 88°11.5'E.) and the pilot on chart, have been reported in the vicinity of Eastern Channel.
boarding ground. The VTMS guidance is provided by the Hug- Western Channel leads into Beaumont’s Gut and then into
7.5

li River Pilots. The VTMS can be contacted (call sign: VTMS Sagar Roads. Western Channel Station Buoy, conical, black
Control) on VHF channel 68.

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 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 209

The Sandheads—Winds and Weather

Months Wind Force Weather Remarks
September, after break West current depending on
up of the Southwest East Light and variable Showers of rain force and duration of E winds;
Monsoon weather generally clear
Stormy, sultry at West and SW current; gener-
October East and calms Variable
times ally a gale or cyclonic storm
Fresh in morning Fine weather with Cessation of the strong tides
November, Decem- North in morning
and evening; calm cool mornings and of the Hugli River; fogs in
ber, January and evening
midday evenings January in morning
Variable, S at Thick fogs in morning; floods
Warm toward end
February night; NW some- Light strong in the Hugli River to-
of month
times ward end of month
Variable, until end Northwesters, with Flood tide occasionally ac-
Light at first;
of March; W and rain, thunder, and companied by bore; some-
March, April, May sometimes strong
SW in April and lightning, frequent; times a gale or cyclonic storm
at end
May hazy in April or May
Northwesters de-
In June, the “chota bursat” or
creasing in force;
June Southwest Strong at first small rain, generally lasts 2
heavy thunder-
weeks
storms
Strong; gales fre- Freshets in the river; much
July Southwest and W Squally heavy rains
quent swell in Eastern Channel
Southwest and W;
Squally, heavy
W during day, Strong W current at the Sand-
August Lighter rains; generally
hauling to S toward heads
clear
evening

and white stripes, with black framework topmark, is moored 19 In Eastern Channel, the tidal currents set, when not influ-
7.5

miles S of the S end of Eastern Sea Reef. enced by the wind, as given in the accompanying table titled
7.5Sagar Roads (21°39'N., 88°01'E.), the navigable entrance at Eastern Channel—Tidal Currents.
the mouth of the Hugli River, lies about 2 miles W of the SW
extremity of Sagar Island. Eastern Channel—Tidal Currents
7.5The navigable entrance channel leading to Sagar Roads is
subject to change in position and direction to accompany the Flood bearing Ebb bearing
change in depths, which occur from time to time. Local knowl- First quarter 270°-032° 045°-112°
edge and assistance is essential to safe navigation.
Second quarter 310° 160°
7.5Winds—Weather.—The wind and weather prevalent at the
Sandheads is given in the accompanying table titled The Sand- Third quarter 000° 180°
heads—Winds and Weather.
Fourth quarter 022° 220°-240°
7.5Tides—Currents.—Seaward of the Sundarbans, there are
strong rotatory currents. During the rising tide, the tidal current
commences by setting W and gradually turns through N to NE. The maximum velocities range from 2 to 3 knots at springs,
7.5

During the falling tide, it commences by setting E and gradual- and 1 to 1.5 knots during neaps, following the direction of the
ly turns through S to SW. channel.
7.5At the Sandheads there is a strong W current in August; Depths—Limitations.—Eastern Sea Reef (21°14'N.,
7.5

during September, after the cessation of the Southwest Mon- 88°03'E.), with depths of 0.6 to 4.9m, has its S extremity about
soon, the W current depends on the force and duration of the E 29 miles S of Sagar Island Light. This reef extends S from
winds; in October, there is a W and SW current. During cy- Lower Long Sand, a drying shoal with its N end about 4.5
clonic weather, a strong W set of 2 to 5 knots is experienced. miles SSW of Sagar Island Light. A shoal, with depths of 0.6
During W gales, an E set of 1 to 2 knots develops. to 4.9m, extends about 26 miles SSE from New Island
7.5Tides at the Sandheads and in Sagar Roads are semidiurnal. (21°33'N., 88°11'E.). During the Southwest Monsoon, the sea
Sagar Tidal Semaphore, displaying day and night signals, lies breaks heavily over the S end of this shoal.
about 0.5 mile SSW of Sagar Island Light. Dublat Mark lies on Middle Ground, with depths of 1.2 to 5.5m, lies between
7.5

Sidney Point, the SE extremity of Sagar Island. Western Sea Reef and Eastern Sea Reef. Depths over this shoal
range from a drying patch on its N end to a depth of 5.2m over

Pub. 173
210 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

its S end. This shoal breaks heavily during the Southwest Mon- WSW of the same lighthouse.
soon. Lower Gasper Light Vessel (21°21.9'N., 88°09.6'E.) has 7.5Aspect.—Sagar Island (21°44'N., 88°07'E.) lies on the E
a red hull with one mast surmounted by a topmark. side of the Hugli River entrance and is flanked on its E side by
7.5A similar breaking shoal, with depths of 0.6 to 5.5m, lies be- the Baratala River, and on its W side by Bedford Channel. The
tween Eastern Sea Reef and the previously-described shoal main fairway leading into the Hugli River passes close off the
which extends SSE from New Island. SW extremity of this island. Although well-populated and
heavily cultivated, the island has few distinguishing features.
7.5Regulations.—The master of an inbound vessel should re-
port the health condition of the vessel to the pilot when the pi-
lot boards at the Sandheads and act in accordance with the
pilot’s instructions.
7.5A vessel arriving at the Sandheads from an infected port, or
having plague on board, or a vessel on board which one or
more cases of plague have developed within 12 days of the date
of arrival, shall hoist and keep flying a yellow flag, and the sig-
nal indicating the port departed. Permission to haul them down
must be obtained in writing from the health officer.
7.5During this period, no communication shall be held with the
shore, or with any other boat or vessel, with the exception of
7.5 Lower Gasper Light Vessel the pilot boat.
7.5In the case of a vessel with sickness on board, which the pilot
has reason to believe is plague, the pilot shall notify the health
7.5Eastern Channel, with Gasper Channel, its N extension, lies officer from Sagar and shall not proceed beyond Diamond Har-
between Eastern Sea Reef and the shoal to the E which extends bor without permission of the health officer. If the pilot has no
about 26 miles SSE from New Island. Sagar Roads is entered N reason to believe that there is anyone suffering from plague on
of this latter channel. Both Gasper Channel and Sagar Roads board, the pilot shall bring the vessel up the river to Garden
are marked by lighted buoys. A number of dangerous wrecks, Reach and anchor it off Matia Bruz until visited by the health of-
marked by buoys, are encountered at the junction of the two ficer.
fairways. 7.5Vessels with cases of smallpox, cholera, measles, or other epi-
7.5Western Channel lies between Western Sea Reef and Eastern demic diseases common in India, or of diphtheria or scarlatina
Sea Reef, and leads into Beaumont’s Gut, which leads into on board, or those on which two or more deaths from suspicious
Sagar Roads. causes have occurred during the voyage, must report the facts to
7.5Upper Long Sand (21°34'N., 87°57'E.), a drying bank about the pilot immediately after boarding the vessel; the pilot will
5 miles long, lies with its upper end about 5.3 miles SW of give instructions as to the signals to be hoisted.
Sagar Island Light. A narrow shoal, with depths of 1.8 to 4.6m, 7.5A vessel that has called at any yellow fever infected port
extends 10.5 miles S from Upper Long Sand and then curves within 1 month of arrival in Calcutta, even though it may have
NE to join the upper part of Eastern Sea Reef. entered another Indian port during that period, will not be
7.5Mizen Sand, a small drying bank, lies about 2.3 miles N of granted free pratique. Health officials will board such a vessel
Upper Long Sand; Tigris Sand lies about 1 mile farther N. at its berth.
Lighted Buoy LWA is moored close off the NE end of Mizen 7.5Radio pratique may be obtained prior to arrival at Calcutta in
Sand. Lighted Buoy AD is moored close off the E side of Ti- accordance with local instructions.
gris Sand, 2 miles NNW of Lighted Buoy LWA. 7.5The quarantine station is situated at Diamond Harbor.
7.5Auckland Bar (21°45'N., 87°59'E.) has depths of over 4.6m. 7.5Signals.—Storm signals are displayed at Sagar Island Light;
A passage from Auckland Bar to Haldia Port is made through the Extended System is used. Further information on these
Jellingham Channel, marked by lighted buoys. storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions
7.5In 1986, it was reported that sand banks and islands SW of (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean un-
Agnimari Char (22°00'N., 88°08'E.) were to have been der “India—Signals.”
washed away to form a crossing to run from Jellingham Chan- 7.5Anchorage.—Sagar Roads provides anchorage, in 9.1 to
nel to Rangafala Channel, lying E of Agnimari Char. This con- 14.6m, in ordinary weather. During heavy gales, a considerable
necting channel will allow an alternate route to Kulpi Roads swell rolls into the roads.
and Calcutta, a detour from Haldia Channel. In 1988, Rangafa- 7.5Directions.—A line bearing 337.5° on a steel structure at
la Channel was marked by lighted buoys. In 1989, it was re- 22°01.7’N, 88°03.1’E leads into the river. A wreck lies within
ported that vessels make passage through Rangafala Crossing the navigable part of the river, 1 mile NNE of Haldia Lattice
SSW of Agnimari into Rangafala Channel. Tower.
7.5Middleton Bar (21°36'N., 88°03'E.), which dries 1.2m near 7.5Haldia Dock Complex is entered through a lock 2.5 miles
its S end, lies centered about 3.3 miles S of Sagar Island Light, NE of Haldia Lattice Tower; the line of the entrance lock is
on the W side of Gaspar Channel. North of Middleton Bar a 257°. The entrance lock is fitted with three caisson type gates
narrow shoal, with depths of less than 3m, extends about 4 with a clear distance of 300m between the inner and outer
miles N to join the drying coastal flat about 2 miles N of Sagar gates.
Island Light. A drying bank lies on this shoal about 1.5 miles 7.5The main oil berths fronting Haldia are similar in construc-

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 211

tion; a jetty with a T-shaped head and associated mooring dol- turbed:
phins. The berths are subject to strong tidal streams 1. Diamond Harbor, near the telegraph office.
particularly in September and October when freshets combined 2. Baj Baj, near the telegraph office.
with a strong out-going stream. Larger vessels may need to ap- 3. Kidderpore Docks, from the clock tower near the en-
proach their berth by stemming the outgoing stream and berth trance.
port side to. 4. From the flagstaff on the Port Commissioner’s Office
7.5Caution.—A dangerous wreck, with a least depth of 1.5m, in Calcutta.
lies in Bedford Channel about 0.6 mile off the W coast of Sagar Further information on these storm signals may be found in
7.6

Island, about 3.5 miles SW of the N extremity of the island. Sev- Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic
eral wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie in Sagar Roads. Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.”
7.5Mariners must always be aware that depths and aids to navi- The following signals and instructions from the General Sys-
7.6

gation in the river may be different than charted. tem have been approved by the Deputy Conservator of the Port
7.5The coastal features on the W side of the mouth of the Hugli of Calcutta for the security of shipping and are described in
River to the Rasulpur River (21°47'N., 87°54'E.) have been greater detail so as to have local significance:
previously described. 1. Danger Signal V—Indicates that a storm of slight or
moderate severity will probably cross the coast to the E of
India—The Hugli River to Calcutta (Kolkatta), Sagar Island and W of Chittagong. Vessels may proceed to
including Haldia and Diamond Harbor sea if the height of the barometer, state of the sea, and weath-
er are such as to lead masters and pilots to infer that there is
7.6 Navigation on the Hugli River is reported to be diffi- no danger. The wind at the mouth of the Hugli will probably
cult. The 39-mile stretch from Hugli Point (22°13'N., 88°04'E.) haul from NE through N to NW or W.
to Calcutta is the most treacherous. In 1984, it was reported 2. Danger Signal VI—Indicates that a storm of slight or
that the channel buoys were not well maintained, many were moderate severity will probably cross the coast to the W of
either unlit or missing. It was reported (1976) that night navi- Sagar Island and N of False Point. The wind at the mouth of
gation above Hugli Point was prohibited. the Hugli will probably veer from NE through E to SE or S.
7.6The navigable channel in the river is subject to annual varia- As these E winds will raise a heavy swell and produce a
tions; these are caused by the scour of the freshets and the strong W set in the channel at the Sandheads, it is advisable
flood current, as the season is wet or dry, respectively. The that none but fast steamers in light trim should put to sea,
channel through the estuary is subject to such changes as occur and those only if the weather appearances and state of the
in all wide, sandy, tidal estuaries. sea are not too unfavorable.
7.6Vessels take advantage of the rise in tide and cross the shallow- 3. Danger Signal VII—Indicates the approach toward
est bars at HW; this results in bunching of vessels. A vessel in- Sagar Roads of a storm of slight or moderate intensity. It is
bound can generally go up the river with the tide without any advisable that no vessels, except fast vessels in light trim,
stops, but sometimes it might take about 24 hours with an anchor- should put to sea until the wind direction and force, the state
age stop along the way. An outbound vessel cannot cover the total of weather and sea, and the rise of the barometer indicate
distance of the river during the same high tide; the transit down the that the storm has either broken up or passed inland. It
river is made in stages. According to the speed and type of vessel, should remembered that cyclonic storms of small extent in
sailing down the river takes about 36 to 48 hours, with stops at the Bay of Bengal sometimes blow with hurricane force, and
Uluberiya (abreast of Achipur Point), Diamond Harbor or Kulpi raises a high sea near their centers.
Roads, and Sagar Roads Anchorage. 4. Great Danger Signal VIII—Indicates that a storm of
7.6Sharp bends in the river upstream of Diamond Harbor limit great intensity will cross the coast to the E of Sagar Island
the length of a vessel to 189m at Baj-Baj and 172m at Calcutta. and W of Chittagong. It is advisable that sailing vessels, with
7.6During times of predicted tidal bores, the overall length of or without steam, and deep-draft or slow vessels should not
vessels will be regulated by the harbor master. proceed to sea. The wind at the mouth of the Hugli will prob-
7.6The navigable channels of the Hugli River, leading to Cal- ably haul from the NE through N to NW or W.
cutta N of the parallel of latitude 21°01'N, are under the juris- 5. Great Danger Signal IX—Indicates that a storm of
diction of the Port Commissioners of Calcutta. great intensity will cross the coast to the W of Sagar Island
7.6Vessels proceeding against the current should slow down or and N of False Point. Vessels should not go to sea; masters
stop if it appears that other vessels will be met with at difficult and pilots of outbound vessels should be guided by the ap-
parts of the river, or on bars where the deep-water channels are pearance of the weather and height of the barometer in de-
narrow. The usual rule of the road is adhered to in the river and ciding whether it is advisable to proceed below Diamond
estuary. A prolonged blast of the whistle, quickly followed by Harbor or Mud Point. The wind at the mouth of the Hugli
three short blasts, is an optional signal that the vessel making River will probably veer from NE through E to SE or S.
the signal is obliged to stop and cannot get out of the way. 6. Great Danger Signal X—Indicates the approach of a
7.6Winds—Weather.—The wind and weather conditions usu- storm of great intensity toward the mouth of the Hugli River
ally encountered in the upper reaches of the Bay of Bengal and and Calcutta. Vessels should not go to sea from Sagar Island,
the approaches to the Hugli River have been previously de- or proceed down the river from Diamond Harbor; all vessels
scribed in paragraph 7.1. Storm and weather signals, in accor- should be properly secured.
dance with the Indian General System, are displayed at the The masters of vessels in the port should take the special pre-
7.6

following points when the weather in the Bay of Bengal is dis- cautions for safety laid down in the port rules.

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212 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

7.6A cyclonic storm of severe intensity is frequently accompa- Signal Tidal Rise
nied by a storm wave, which is not often the case with a small
cyclonic storm. The height and destructive effect of a storm de- Upper light white 3.0m and 6.0m
pend almost as much on the state and character of the tide when White over green 3.2m and 6.2m
the cyclonic center reaches the coast, as upon the depression at
the center, or the intensity and extent of the storm. White over red 3.4m and 6.4m
7.6Tides—Currents.—Tides in the Hugli River are semi-diur- Both lights white 3.6m and 6.6m
nal.
7.6Tidal semaphores have been established at the following
places to indicate the rise of the tide in the Hugli River:
1. About 0.5 mile SSW of Sagar Island Light. Tidal in-
formation is also broadcast on VHF channel 16.
2. At Gangra, on the W bank about 7.5 miles NW of the
N point of Sagar Island. Tidal information is also broadcast
on VHF channel 16.
3. At Balari, on the W bank about 12 miles NE of the
tidal semaphore at Gangra.
4. On Hugli Point, about 12 miles upriver from the
semaphore at Balari. Tidal information is also broadcast on
VHF channel 13.
5. At Mayapur, about 17 miles downriver from Kidder-
pore Docks. Tidal information is also broadcast on VHF
channel 13.
6. At Akra, about 6.5 miles downriver from Kidderpore
Docks. Tidal information is also broadcast on VHF channel
13.
7. At Rajabagan, about 3 miles downriver from Kidder-
pore Docks.
7.6The semaphores have three arms, the upper arm indicates
meters, the middle arm decimeters, and the lower arm centime-
ters, as depicted in the diagram below.
7.6At the moment of HW, a ball is hoisted to its upper position; Hugli River Tidal Semaphore Signals
as the tide begins to fall, the ball is lowered to the lower posi-
tion until the tide has fallen by 1m, when the ball is hauled 7.6One fixed red light is displayed if the semaphore is not work-
down. At LW, the ball is hoisted to the lower position; as the ing.
The strength of the tidal current varies in different parts of
tide begins to rise, the ball is hoisted to the upper until the tide
7.6

has risen by 1m, when the ball is hauled down. the Hugli River at different times of the year; its velocity is
least during the Northeast Monsoon from November to Febru-
7.6Night semaphores are situated at Sagar, Gangra, Balari, Hug-
ary, when it is 3 to 3.5 knots at springs and 1.5 to 2 knots at
li Point, and Mayapur.
neaps.
7.6Each semaphore can display two flashing lights, an upper
light showing a 2-second flash every 8 seconds and a lower 7.6During the latter part of the dry season, the Southwest Mon-
soon blowing in the direction of the flood current increases its
light showing one flash every second.
velocity so that it flows up the river at 4 to 6 knots during spring
7.6The rise of the tide is indicated, as follows:
tides.
7.6The descent of the freshets, from July to October, causes the
Signal Tidal Rise ebb current to predominate and it reaches a maximum velocity
Upper light green 1.0m and 4.0m of 7 knots during spring tides; at this time the flood current is
imperceptible, except in the estuary.
Both lights green 1.2m and 4.2m
7.6There are three distinct periods in the year, lasting approxi-
Green over red 1.4m and 4.4m mately 4 months each. During the cold season, the flood current
has a slight preponderance over that of the ebb, because of its
Green over white 1.6m and 4.6m
shorter period of flow. The flood current, during the second half
Lower light green 1.8m and 4.8m of the dry season, is made considerably stronger than the ebb by
Upper light red 2.0m and 5.0m the Southwest Monsoon. During the rainy season, the flood cur-
rent is overpowered by the descent of freshets and the ebb cur-
Red over green 2.2m and 5.2m rent predominates accordingly.
Both lights red 2.4m and 5.4m 7.6The great body of the tidal current flows in the direction of
the channels at velocities of 2 to 3 knots at springs and 1 knot
Red over white 2.6m and 5.6m to 1.5 knots at neaps.
Lower light red 2.8m and 5.8m 7.6At LW during spring tides, the flow of the flood current is

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 213

checked by the shallow and restricted bed of the river and by October to June, the river is low and the maximum permissible
the seaward flow of water from the upper reaches. These con- draft is 7.3m. Maximum drafts may vary from year to year ac-
ditions can lead to the creation of a tidal bore. cording to the season, but vessels drawing up to 8.8m have as-
7.6Bores in the Hugli River occur only with a greater than aver- cended the river to Calcutta; special arrangements have to be
age spring tide, and usually when the seaward flow is augment- made and the date selected by the Port Pilotage Office.
ed by freshets. Extreme tidal bores are most prevalent in March 7.6Vessels proceeding to Calcutta should arrive at the pilot sta-
and September and reach heights of 2.4 to 6.1m. tion with drafts as close to an even keel as possible.
7.6During the Northeast Monsoon, from November to February, 7.6In some parts of the river, the changes in depths and the di-
freshets do not occur and for this reason, bores are a rarity. rections of the channels are very rapid and no attempt will be
When they do occur during this particular season, it is likely to made to describe them or the navigational aids which mark
be at night. They are dangerous because they are unexpected. It them.
is advisable to anticipate their occurrence during this season 7.6Although the charts may currently be correct, they can not be
whenever greater than average spring tides are predicted. relied on to give an accurate presentation of the depths and
7.6With the Southwest Monsoon, the occurrence of freshets dangers which may be encountered because of these rapid
during greater than average spring tides will always cause changes.
bores, those preceding the daylight HW being higher than 7.6Signals.—Signal stations are situated near the lighthouse on
those at night. Sagar Island, on the E bank at Diamond Harbor, and at Hugli
7.6The first appearance of the bore is on Diamond Sand Point, about 6 miles above Diamond Harbor. Diamond Harbor
(22°10'N., 88°10'E.), on the W side of the river abreast Dia- Signal Station is connected by telegraph, and the other stations
mond Harbor, where the ascending wave runs on as a breaking are connected by telephone with Calcutta.
roller. It is not of much consequence until it enters the contract- 7.6Caution.—An obstruction with a drying height of 0.8m exists
ed reaches above Hugli Point, when, besides swamping boats, in position 22°11'01.8''N., 88°11'24.6''E, W of Rangafala Island.
it affects vessels at anchor by causing them to run upstream, es-
pecially if there is a strong S breeze. The bore reaches a maxi- Haldia (22°01'N., 88°05'E.)
mum at Chunchura, about 26 miles above Kidderpore Docks,
and disappears about 14 miles farther up the river above Naya World Port Index No. 49555
Serai.
7.6Vessels at moorings surge and roll during the passage of the 7.7 Haldia, a subsidiary port and anchorage, lies on the W
bore as there is a sudden lift of 1.2 to 1.8m; when bores are ex- bank of the Hugli River about 56 miles downriver from Calcut-
pected, springs must be put on the flood moorings close down to ta. An important secondary port; the oil port serves an oil refin-
the buoys to relieve the jerk on the cable and bits. Vessels at an- ery at Barauni, 280 miles NW by pipeline.
chor have been known to break their anchor chains during ex- 7.7Depths—Limitations.—Extensive works are in progress to
treme tidal bores. dredge and deepen the approaches, channels, and berthing ar-
7.6Depths—Limitations.—Bars, bends, and bores, known as eas. The results of dredging in shipping lanes are constantly re-
the three Bs, constitute the main dangers to shipping in the viewed to affirm permissible drafts. Drafts are issued as the
Hugli River. Numerous bars, with continuous fluctuating draft of the day and forecast 6 weeks in advance.
depths over them, encumber the winding channel of the river. 7.7It has been reported (1996) that shoaling has begun to limit
7.6The river is high from June to October and during this peri- the size of vessels able to use Berth No. 1.
od, vessels drawing up to 8.5m can reach Calcutta at HWS. 7.7Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table ti-
Vessels drawing up to 7.9m can reach the port at HWN. From tled Haldia—Berth Information.

Haldia—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Beam Size
Haldia Dock Complex (HDC)
Chemicals, clean products, crude products, coal, iron ore,
No. 2 260m 10.0m 238m 32.3m 83,690 dwt
limestone, multipurpose, and bunkers.
Chemicals, crude products, coal, iron ore, limestone, multi-
No. 3 196m 12.2m 229m 32.3m 81,444 dwt
purpose, and bunkers. Continuous berthing length of 337m.
Chemicals, clean products, coal, multipurpose, and bun-
No. 4 150m 12.2m 239m 32.3m 83,975 dwt
kers. Continuous berthing length of 284m.
No. 4A 245m 12.2m 230m 32.3m 81,149 dwt Chemicals, coal, breakbulk, and bunkers.
Chemicals, clean products, coal, iron ore, multipurpose,
No. 4B 181m 12.2m 235m 32.3m 84,104 dwt
and bunkers.

Pub. 173
214 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Haldia—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Beam Size
Chemicals, vegetable oils, coal, fertilizer, breakbulk, multi-
No. 5 195m 12.2m 190m 32.3m 50,786 dwt
purpose, and bunkers.
Chemicals, vegetable oils, coal, fertilizer, sugar, breakbulk,
No. 6 234m 12.2m 225m 32.3m 75,726 dwt
multipurpose, and bunkers.
Chemicals, vegetable oils, fertilizer, sugar, breakbulk, mul-
No. 7 234m 12.2m 212m 32.3m 75,000 dwt
tipurpose, and bunkers.
Chemicals, dirty products, coal, fertilizer, limestone, wood
No. 8 218m 12.2m 229m 32.3m 83,416 dwt chips, container, steel products, breakbulk, and multipur-
pose.
Chemicals, dirty products, coal, fertilizer, limestone, wood
No. 9 218m 12.2m 229m 32.3m 82,849 dwt
chips, container, breakbulk, multipurpose, and bunkers.
Coal, fertilizer, sugar, wood chips, container, and break-
No. 10 220m 12.2m 229m 32.3m 82,489 dwt
bulk.
Chemicals, fertilizer, limestone, container, breakbulk, mul-
No. 11 220m 12.2m 229m 32.3m 81,272 dwt
tipurpose, and bunkers. Continuous berth length of 440m.
Chemicals, iron ore, limestone, wood chips, breakbulk,
No. 12 220m 12.2m 229m 32.3m 83,454 dwt
multipurpose, and bunkers.
No. 13 220m 10.0m 229m 32.3m 83,448 dwt Coal, limestone, wood chips, and bunkers.
Haldia Refinery Terminal
Aviation fuel, chemical gases, chemicals, clean products,
HOJ-I 85m 12.2m 236m 42.0m 90,000 dwt LPG, and bunkers. Berthing length of 290m (including dol-
phins).
Chemicals, clean products, crude, dirty products, LPG, and
HOJ-II 35m 12.2m 277m 44.0m 150,000 dwt
bunkers. Berthing length of 330m (including dolphins).
Clean products, crude, dirty products, and bunkers. Berth-
HOJ-III 105m 12.5m 275m 44.0m 150,000 dwt
ing length of 330m (including dolphins).

7.7The Haldia dock system is approached through a lock en- vessels stay at Haldia and accommodations must be furnished.
trance at Haldia Point, with a least depth of 8.5m. Vessels up to
230m in length can utilize this entrance, which leads to a large Haldia—Contact Information
turning basin and an enclosed dock extending about 900m
NNE. There is a depth of at least 8.5m throughout the turning Port
basin and dock system. VHF VHF channel 16
7.7Contact Information.—See the table titled Haldia—Con-
Telephone 91-3224-252-104
tact Information.
7.7Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in mid-channel, in a Facsimile 91-3224-252-251
depth of 11m, abreast of the port area over a bottom of medium
Web site http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in
to hard mud and sand, good holding ground.
7.7A vessel has anchored, in a depth of 12.8m, mud, with the Haldia International Container Terminal (HICT)
anchorage lights in range 244° and Bagnapara Mark bearing 91-3224-251-014
350° on the ebb and 339° on the flood. A good anchor watch is
required because of the strong currents. 91-3224-251-015
Two mooring buoys are available; vessels are required to se- Telephone
7.7
91-3224-251-016
cure to these buoys with unshackled anchor chains. Mooring
takes place under the direction of the pilot and an experienced 91-3224-251-017
mooring crew is provided. Facsimile 91-3224-253-881
7.7The maximum rate of the current in the river is about 5
knots, both on the flood and the ebb. E-mail hict@ict.in
7.7The pilot and the customs officer remain on board during the Web site http://www.ict.in

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 215

Diamond Harbor Anchorage classes of vessels alongside and at the mooring buoys in the
river.
7.8 Diamond Harbor Anchorage (22°11'N., 88°11'E.) 7.9Calcutta, the second largest commercial port in India, is also
lies on the E bank of the Hugli River about 38 miles above the site of the largest city.
Sagar Roads, and provides anchorage for large vessels, in 7.9Tides—Currents.—Tides in the Hugli River at Calcutta are
depths of 11 to 23.8m. Because of the strong river current, at semidiurnal.
least five shots of chain must be used and a good anchor watch
maintained. Mooring buoys are available for vessels requiring
them.
7.8Explosives destined for Calcutta are usually unloaded into
special barges at this anchorage.
7.8A signal and telegraph station and a customhouse are situat-
ed in the town.
7.8An examination anchorage area is enclosed by a line joining
the following positions:
a. 22°11'30"N., 88°11'00"E.
b. 22°11'30"N., 88°08'30"E.
c. 22°11'00"N., 88°08'30"E.
d. 22°11'00"N., 88°11'00"E.

Calcutta (Kolkata) (22°33'N., 88°19'E.)

World Port Index No. 49560

7.9 The port of Calcutta extends from Baj Baj, about 21 7.9 Port of Kolkata
miles above Hugli Point, to Konnagar, about 21 miles farther
upriver, the limits being marked by boundary pillars. The port 7.9When regular, the flood runs 5 hours and the ebb runs 7
is about 83 miles above the entrance of the Hugli River, and hours. During the Northeast Monsoon, the velocity of the cur-
about 128 miles from Eastern Channel Light Vessel, near The rent is 3 to 3.5 knots at springs and 1.5 to 2 knots at neaps. Be-
Sandheads. tween March and July, the velocity of the flood is increased
and reaches a maximum velocity of 4 to 7 knots at springs.
During the freshets, July to October, the flood is weak and of
Kolkata Port Trust short duration and at neaps may be nearly imperceptible; the
http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in ebb during freshets has a maximum velocity of 7 knots at
springs. Anchors are then quickly buried by the silt, so that
sometimes it is necessary to slip the cable and leave the anchor
The Howrah Bridge, about 15 miles above the downriver
7.9
to be picked up by the Port Commissioners. The tidal currents
boundary of the port, crosses the river above Howrah Railway set fair up and down Calcutta Reach.
Terminus and is a steel cantilever structure, with tower on ei- 7.9Depths—Limitations.—Mooring berths in the river have
ther side of the river which rises to a height of 91m. Several sufficient depths to accommodate any vessel that can enter the
ferries ply across the river. The bridge marks the upper limit of river. Depths at the moorings range from 5.5 to 15.2m, but vary
navigation for ocean-going vessels. according to their location in the river.
Modern well-equipped berthing facilities are provided for all
7.9

Calcutta (Kolkata)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Kolkata Dock Sytems (KDS)-I
No. 1 133m 9.1m 136m — 20.2m 14,451 dwt Breakbulk and bunkers.
No. 2 153m 9.1m 136m — 21.2m 13,279 dwt
No. 3 153m 9.1m 128m — 21.2m 13,347 dwt Wood chips, breakbulk, bunkers, and fast
No. 4 154m 9.1m 157m — 21.5m 13,006 dwt ferry. Continuous berthing length of 614m.
No. 5 154m 9.1m 157m — 21.0m 8,825 dwt
No. 6 144m 9.1m 128m — 20.4m 13,006 dwt Containers and breakbulk.

Pub. 173
216 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Calcutta (Kolkata)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
No. 8 132m 9.1m 103m — 18.5m 7,950 dwt
No. 9 132m 9.1m 122m — 20.0m 11,663 dwt Breakbulk, bunkers, fertilizer, and wood
chips. Continuous berthing length of
No. 10 133m 9.1m 128m — 21.2m 13,347dwt 530m.
No. 11 133m 9.1m 157m — 21.2m 12,005 dwt
No. 12 143m 9.1m 129m — 20.8m 13,395 dwt Breakbulk and bunkers.
Kolkata Dock Systems (KDS)-II
No. 22 151m 9.1m 103m — 19.2m 7,748 dwt Breakbulk and bulk cargo.
No. 23 147m 9.1m 103m — 17.0m 6,564 dwt Breakbulk and grain.
No. 24 152m 9.1m 99m — 19.6m 8,934 dwt Breakbulk and bunkers.
No. 25 169m 9.1m 72m — 11.2m 2,156 dwt Breakbulk and bulk cargo.
Breakbulk, project/heavy cargo, and
No. 26 185m 9.1m 86m — 17.4m 5,083 dwt
breakbulk.
No. 27 195m 9.1m 117m — 20.0m 13,030 dwt Wood chips, breakbulk, and sulphur.
No. 28 195m 9.1m 127m — 19.6m 12,611dwt Wood chips, breakbulk, and bulk cargo.
Grain, wood chips, breakbulk, and bulk
No. 29 165m 9.1m 103m — 17.4m 6,840 dwt
cargo.
Netaji Subhas Docks
No. 1 220m 8.2m 171m — 25.0m 23,063 dwt Containers, project/heavy cargo, and
No. 2 breakbulk. Continuous berthing length of
220m 8.5m 171m — 25.0m 23,063 dwt 440m.
No. 3 190m 8.7m 171m — 25.0m 23,063 dwt Containers, bunkers, and breakbulk.
No. 4 191m 8.5m 171m — 24.0m 23,063 dwt Breakbulk and containers. Continuous
No. 5 191m 8.6m 171m — 26.6m 23,063 dwt berthing length of 382m.
No. 6 160m — 117m — 21.8m 8,364 dwt Containers, bunkers, and breakbulk.
No. 7 192m 8.7m 171m — 24.0m 23,063 dwt Containers, bunkers, and breakbulk.
No. 8 192m 8.0m 154m — 23.0m 13,818 dwt Containers, bunkers, and breakbulk.
Clean products, containers, breakbulk, and
No. 12 11m 7.9m 164m 5.3m 25.0m 17,477 dwt bunkers. Berthing length of 160m (includ-
ing dolphins).
No. 13 174m — 171m — 25.0m 23,063 dwt Containers, bunkers, and breakbulk.
No. 14 174m — 171m — 25.0m 23,063 dwt Containers, bunkers, and breakbulk.
Saugor Island Terminal
Closed. Vegetable oils, mineral ore, tran-
Virtual
— — 290m 10.5m — 70,000 dwt shipment, and offshore vessels. Berthing
Jetty
length of 400m (including dolphins).
Budge Dudge (Baj Baj)
Clean products, dirty products, and vegeta-
BBJ-01 60m 9.5m 134m 6.8m 20.5m 14,003 dwt
ble oils, and bunkers.
Closed. Clean products, vegetable oils, and
BBJ-02 28m 9.5m 116m 5.3m 20.5m 14,003 dwt
bunkers.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 217

Calcutta (Kolkata)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Clean products, vegetable oils, and bun-
BBJ-03 60m 9.5m 139m 5.4m 20.2m 13,498 dwt
kers.
Clean products, vegetable oils, and bun-
BBJ-05 60m 9.5m 178m 5.3m 25.8m 33,540 dwt
kers.
Clean products, vegetable oils, and bun-
BBJ-07 30m 9.5m 160m — 23.0m 19,950 dwt kers. Berthing length of156m (including
dolphins).
Clean products, vegetable oils, and bun-
BBJ-08 60m 9.5m 173m 5.3m 25.8m 32,950 dwt
kers.

7.9 The lock entrance from the river to Kidderpore Docks is India—The Sundarbans to the Chittagong Coast
176.8m long and 24.4m wide. The lock entrance to Netaji Sub-
has Docks is 213.4m long and 27.4m wide. Berthing details 7.10 The Sundarbans, broken by many outlets of the Gan-
can be found in the accompanying tables Calcutta (Kolk- ges, extends E from the entrance of the Hugli River for about
ata)—Berth Information. 165 miles to the entrance of the Tetulia River, the W mouth of
Vessels mooring in the river are required to moor head stern,
7.9 the Meghna River.
with two lower and stern cables shackled to the permanent The Sundarbans, an extensive, heavily-wooded swampy area
7.10

moorings which are laid parallel with the banks. in the S part of the Ganges Delta, is intersected by many creeks
Regulations.—Port Regulations are supplied to vessels on
7.9 and rivers. The more important rivers are the Matla River, the
arrival by the harbor master. Raimangal River, the Malancha River, the Pusur River, the Har-
Rules regulating the handling of explosives are issued by the
7.9 inghata River, and the Rabnabad Channel. An intricate series of
port authorities. Masters of vessels with explosives on board branches connect these rivers whose courses are continually
are required to give an advance notice of arrival of 72 hours. shifting their positions. Boats can be piloted through the Calcutta
Contact Information.—See the table titled Calcutta (Kolk-
7.9 Canals towards Kulna, about 65 miles to the E. Kulna is the most
ata)—Contact Information. important center situated in the Sundarbans. The Meghna River,
the E branch of the Ganges, discharges the main volume of the
Calcutta (Kolkata)—Contact Information Ganges waters.
Depths—Limitations.—Swatch of No Ground (21°05'N.,
7.10

Port 89°17'E.) is a remarkable tongue-shaped depression lying S of

VHF VHF channel 16 the entrance of the Pusur River. The NE side of the depression
is centered in about position 21°24'N, 89°36'E. Depths around
Telephone 91-33-2230-3451
the perimeter of this depression decrease rapidly from 36.6m to
Facsimile 91-33-2220-4901 over 183m within a distance of 1 to 2 miles along the N and
NW sides, and to much greater depths in its central and S parts.
E-mail calport@kolkataporttrust.gov.in
Swatch of No Ground ranges in width from 6 to 12 miles
7.10

Web site http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in within the 183m curve and is about 50 miles long. It has been
reported (2006) that depths of as little as 12m and 17m are lo-
Caution.—Numerous wrecks lie in the approaches and vi-
7.9
cated in Swatch of No Ground, about 43 miles SSE of Putney
cinity of Calcutta. Many wrecks lie within the channel and are Island. A depth of 17.5m lies close E in position 20°49.0'N,
best seen on the chart. Mariners are advised to transit the area 89°20.3'E.
with caution.

Special Storm Signals—Rivers of the Sundarbans

Signal Day Night Meaning
Cautionary Signal I Black diamond White light over red light Squally weather threatens your area.
Warning Signal II Black ball Red light A storm may affect you shortly.
Two red lights displayed
Danger Signal III Cone, point up A storm will soon strike you.
vertically
Cylinder, displayed ver- Three red lights displayed
Great Danger Signal IV A violent storm will soon strike you.
tically vertically

Pub. 173
218 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

The 11m curve, like the 18 and 35m curves to the S, extends
7.10 tion going up Bidda River and the balance running around
in a general E and W direction from a position about 25 miles Roger Point into Katalli Bight, leaving slack water in the vicin-
S of the entrance of the Matla River to a position about 60 ity of Bidda River Point. The velocity of the flood current var-
miles S of the mouth of the Hatia River. The 11m curve lies ies in different parts of the river, but 5 knots is the maximum
nearest to the coast about 11 miles S of the entrance of the Pu- velocity recorded.
sur River. The ebb current sets fairly down the river; off Roger Point it
7.11

Those depths and dangers which lie within the 11m curve are
7.10 forms numerous eddies. At the last of the ebb, the current sets
described together with the principal description of the coastal from abreast the N end of Dalhousie Island across the river to-
features which they front. ward Halliday Island. The maximum recorded velocity of the
East of Sagar Island is a series of low alluvial jungle-covered
7.10 ebb current is 2.5 knots.
islands intersected by numerous creeks and rivers. Aspect.—Clumps of trees lie on Dalhousie Point on the W
7.11

Saptamukhi Sand (21°20'N., 88°27'E.) and Bulcherry

7.10 side of the island of the same name. This point and Halliday Is-
Sand, both with depths of 5.5m and less, extend about 28 and land to the NW, may be seen from a distance of 10 miles when
20 miles S, respectively, from the shore. Reliable information the height of eye is about 7.3m. When close to Dalhousie
about this part of the coast is scanty and the chart should be Point, conspicuous when the sun is shining, appears as a high,
used with great caution. Changes on the SW part of the Sund- white sandy beach.
arbans have been particularly rapid in recent years. Below Kattali, which lies 12 miles N of the N end of Dal-
7.11

Lacams Channel (21°13'N., 88°24'E.), which lies close W

7.10 housie Island, the land is so low that at HWS the water runs
of Saptamukhi Sand leads N into the Baratala River on the E some distance inland. From the sea to Eedoo Reach, about 23
side of Sagar Island. Saptamukhi Channel, which lies close E miles above Kattali, the land is covered by dense jungle. Be-
of Saptamukhi Sand and is the common entrance of the Jamira tween this reach and Port Canning, about 8 miles distant, the
River on the E and the Saptamukhi River on the W. Ocean-go- banks are marked by villages.
ing vessels cannot use the channels.
A dangerous wreck is situated in the outer approach to La-
7.10 7.12 Port Canning (22°19'N., 88°39'E.), about 60 miles
cams Channel, about 18 miles E of Eastern Channel Light. above the entrance of the Matla River, is connected with Cal-
Signals.—Special storm signals, used on the rivers of the
7.10 cutta by railroad.
Sundarbans, are displayed at Namkhana, Barisal, Goalunda, Anchorage can be taken off the port, in depths of 7.3 to
7.12

Noakhali, Narayanganj, Chandpar, Mongla, and at some river 14.6m, but local knowledge is essential.
police stations in Bengal, Assam, and Bangladesh; for further The coast between the Matla River and the Pusur River,
7.12

information, see the accompanying table titled Special Storm about 50 miles to the E, is marked by the entrances of the Ban-
Signals—Rivers of the Sundarbans. gaduni River, the Guasuba River, the Raimangal River, and the
Malancha River. All of these rivers are fronted by shoals which
India—The Matla River extend from 3 to 17 miles offshore.
Dalhousie Sand (21°24'N., 88°51'E.) extends about 17
7.12

7.11 The Matla River (21°37'N., 88°41'E.), about 34 miles SSE from Dalhousie Point.
miles E of Sagar Island Light, lies with its mouth between Dal- Bangaduni Island (21°33'N., 88°52'E.), which lies between
7.12

housie Island and Bulcherry Island. The river is entered the mouths of the Bangaduni River and the Guasuba River, is
through Eastern Channel and Western Channel, which are di- fronted by Bangaduni Sand, which extends about 17 miles SE
vided by a partly drying shoal known as Raimatla Sand (West from it. Both of these rivers have shallow entrances and are of
Spit), about 10 miles S of Dalhousie Island. Shoals at the en- no commercial value. The Raimangal River and the Malancha
trance are subject to change and, since pilotage is not available, River farther to the E are both shallow.
caution is necessary in navigating these two channels and the The Harinbhanga River opens 12 miles ENE of the Guasuba
7.12

Matla River. River; the Raimangal River is about 4 miles E; both enter the
Eastern Channel has least charted depths of 7.9 to 12.8m;
7.11 sea through a common estuary which extends miles S. It has a
Western Channel has least charted depths of 6.1 to 11m. West- least depth of 6.4m in its approach, but local knowledge is es-
ern Channel is preferred to Eastern Channel, but navigation is sential for entering.
dangerous because the depths in the approach to the SW side of New Moore Island (South Talpatty Island) (Purbasha Island
7.12

Dalhousie Island are fairly regular and the lead gives no warn- (21°37'N., 89°09'E.) is located on the W side of the main en-
ing of the proximity of the steep-to bordering sands. This con- trance channel to the Harinbhanga River; the boundary be-
dition also exists within the river. tween India and Bangladesh lies in the vicinity.
Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents below Dalhousie Sand
7.11

appear to rotate; the flood current sets WNW at its commence- Bangladesh—The Pusur River to Khulna, includ-
ment and works through N around ENE. The ebb current sets ESE ing the Mongla Anchorage
through S to WSW. Velocities of the flood and ebb currents are 2
to 3 knots at springs and 1 to 1.5 knots at neaps. 7.13 The Pusur River (21°46'N., 89°30'E.) is entered be-
In the channel, the flood current runs toward the E shore un-
7.11 tween Jefford Point and West Point, about 8 miles to the W.
til abreast of Dalhousie River at the N end of Dalhousie Island, Zulfiquar Channel extends N from the bar which lies between
then it crosses S of Grappler Sand and runs toward Peel Point, these two points and joins the deep channel leading through the
forming eddies. It then runs N for about 8 miles to Roger estuary to Akram Point about 15 miles to the N. This point lies
Point (21°55'N., 88°40'E.) where it bifurcates, the greater por- at the junction of the Sibsa River and the Pusur River. Boar

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 219

Point lies on the E side of Zulfiquar Channel about 5 miles N ebb was reported to be 6 knots at springs at the anchorage off
of Jefford Point. Hiran Point lies on the W side of the channel Mongla.
about 6.5 miles NE of West Point. Depths—Limitations.—A bar, about 5 miles wide with a
7.13

The Pusur River, between Akram Point and the anchorage

7.13 least depth of 5.5m, lies in the approach to the Pusur River be-
off Mongla, is fairly broad and navigable 24 hours. tween 5 and 10 miles S of the entrance. Lighted Buoy B1 to
Vessels with a speed of less than 8.5 knots shall not be permit-
7.13 Lighted Buoy B10 mark both sides of the channel across the
ted to transit the river during springs. Under special circumstanc- bar. A dangerous wreck, marked by a buoy moored close S, lies
es, provided permission is granted, a tug will have to be hired on the E side close S of the channel entrance.
from the port to assist a vessel within the port limits. Requests Following pilot instructions, vessels drawing up to 7m may
7.13

for a tug must be made at least 24 hours in advance. For reasons cross the bar in all seasons. During Southwest Monsoon, 7.8m
of safety, Mongla Anchorage is normally departed only on the draft may be permitted. The maximum permissible fresh water
flood. Deep-draft vessels depart on the first of the flood. draft for Chalna Port is published each day in advance by the
This coast must be approached with caution at all times and
7.13 Chalna Port Authorities. Draft permitting, the bar can be
soundings taken continuously. Swatch of No Ground is a good crossed anytime both by day and night.
aid for vessels coming from the W. The change in the water When crossing the bar during the Southwest Monsoon, ves-
7.13

from blue or blue-green to a yellow color normally indicates sels should have not less than 1.2m of water under the keel and
the approach to shallow water. During the ebb at springs, yel- not exceed a speed of 12 knots. During the Northeast Mon-
low water is found as far seaward as Swatch of No Ground. soon, a minimum clearance of 1m under the keel is considered
In 1985, lesser than charted depth was reported 17.5 miles
7.13 a safe margin for crossing the bar.
SSW of Jefford Point. The best time to cross the bar inbound is about 1 hour before
7.13

A dangerous wreck lies about 18 miles SSW of Jefford Point

7.13 HW in the entrance. Outbound vessels should cross the bar
and is marked on its SW side by a lighted buoy. during the last 45 minutes of the flood. During the first stage of
Winds—Weather.—Haze generally prevails in the ap-
7.13 the ebb, the river level drops very rapidly.
proaches to the low coast, except at the change of the seasons. The depths over the crossings inside the river range from 5.8
7.13

Fog, off the coast and in the river, occasionally occurs during to 7m. Vessels with a fresh water draft of 7.3m and vessels with
the change of seasons, but it usually lifts during the forenoon. drafts of 7.5 to 7.6m can enter the river during spring tides in
In general, thick weather can be expected during the Southwest September through December, and proceed as far as the an-
Monsoon from May to September. chorage off Mongla, about 48 miles above Jefford Point. Ves-
At the anchorage off Mungra, vessels are required to have
7.13 sels with a maximum draft of 4.9m can proceed to Khulna,
steam ready for meeting any emergency during northwesters, about 25 miles above Mongla Anchorage.
March through May, and during the Southwest Monsoon. A dangerous wreck with exposed masts lies about 11 miles
7.13

Northwesters are usually directional as their name implies; SSW from Jefford Point; close W of Buoy B5. Another dangerous
they are storms accompanied by heavy rain and high winds, wreck lies approximately 6 miles NW of Fairway Buoy.
with velocities up to 30 to 40 knots. Northwesters give about 2 Numerous fishing boats and nets have been reported in the
7.13

or 3 hours notice, and vessels are usually advised in the day’s vicinity of the river entrance.
weather forecast. Sawar Sand (21°42'N., 89°28'E.), awash at HW, lies on the
7.13

Tides—Currents.—Tides in the Pusur River are semi-diur-

7.13 W side of Zulfiquar Channel with its N edge 4.5 miles S of Hi-
nal. High water over the bar occurs about 1 hour before pre- ran Point. An unnamed sand, which dries in patches, lies about
dicted HW for the river entrance. midway between Sawar Sand and Hiran Point.
Tide gauges lie on the river banks at Hiran Point, abreast
7.13 Dubla Shoal (21°46'N., 89°31'E.), with depths of less than
7.13

Sundarkota Khal, about 9 miles above Akram Point, about 5 1.8m and patches which dry up to 0.9m, lies on the E side of
miles below Mongla, and about 1.5 miles below Chalna Bazar. the channel between Jefford and Boar Points.
Tidal heights vary with the season, being lower in February
7.13 Pavanga Shoal (21°51'N., 89°30'E.), with depths of less
7.13

and March and higher in July through November. than 5.5m and a central drying area, lies on the W side of the
At Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy (21°27'N., 89°34'E.),
7.13 main fairway with its S end about 1.5 miles SW of Boar Point.
17.5 miles S of Jefford Point, the ebb sets about SSE and the The S end of this shoal has been reported extending to the S.
flood sets NNW. The velocity of the current is about 2 knots at Less water has been reported in the channel W of the N part of
springs during the Northeast Monsoon. At the time of the Pavanga Shoal.
Southwest Monsoon, the ebb is stronger and the flood is weak- The channels and depths within the Pusur River and its ap-
7.13

er. proaches are subject to frequent change. Depths of up to 2m

In Zulfiquar Channel, the ebb flows at a velocity of about 3
7.13 less than charted have been reported. Buoyage and other aids to
knots at springs. The currents turn about 1 hour after high and navigation are adjusted accordingly. Mariners should contact
low water in the entrance of the Pusur River. Extensive rips and the pilot station at Hiran Point on VHF channel 11 or 16 for de-
eddies mark the edges of Sarwar Sand and Dubla Shoal. tailed instructions prior to approaching Mongla Fairway Light-
At the anchorage off Mongla the ebb has a velocity of about
7.13 ed Buoy.
4 knots at springs. The currents turn about 4.5 hours after HW Aspect.—The terrain in the vicinity of the river is low and has
7.13

and LW in the entrance. no distinctive landmarks which can be seen from the offing.
A report states the currents turn in Zulfiquar Channel about 2
7.13 Land is not normally sighted until the outer bar is crossed. Jef-
hours and at the anchorage off Mongla about 3 hours, respec- ford Point Light (21°44'N., 89°32'E.) is shown from a gray met-
tively, after HW and LW in the entrance. The velocity of the al-framed tower. Reports indicate that the entrance is a poor

Pub. 173
220 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

radar target. 9. Local agent.

The radiobeacon antenna, about 1.5 miles NNW of Hiran
7.13 On, or before, arriving at Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy,
7.13

Point is reported to be a good landmark when approaching the vessels should contact the pilot station on VHF channel 16 for
entrance. Some white houses stand near this radiobeacon. instructions on crossing the bar.
Hiran Point Light is shown from a gray metal-framed tower.
7.13 Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, anchorage
7.13

The entrance of the river, between the approach to the bar

7.13 can be taken outside the bar, in depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, good
and the central part of Zulfiquar Channel, is normally buoyed holding ground, about 14.5 miles S of Jefford Point. Deeper
and marked in places by light floats. Lighted Buoy Z2, Lighted water exists about 0.8 mile N of this position.
Buoy Z3, and Lighted Buoy Z4 mark the fairway through Zu- Unsheltered anchorage, with good holding ground, can be
7.13

lfiquar Channel. After the annual winter survey of the bar, the taken, in a depth of 8.2m, about 1.5 miles NE of Sarwar Sand
floating aids are moved to conform with the changes in the Lighted Beacon.
channel; replacement of aids is not always made. A vessel should not anchor N of 21°47'N to avoid Pavanga
7.13

During severe weather, the buoys are liable to be blown off

7.13 Shoal.
station; their charted positions cannot always be relied on. Caution.—In 1976, strict security measures were in force in
7.13

A lighted fairway buoy, equipped with a radar reflector, is

7.13 the port area. A ban on bathing and swimming in the anchorage
moored about 20 miles SSW of Jefford Point. Within the river was strictly enforced.
above the bar, the main fairway, as far N as Chalna Bazar, is Mongla Port Rules are used primarily by the pilots and port
7.13

well-marked by navigational aids. Some of these are equipped service organizations.

with radar reflectors. If repairs are to be made to a vessel at the anchorage and the
7.13

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 200

7.13 work requires the immobilization of the vessel, permission
gross tons. Pilots board 2 miles SE of Hiran Point or, in bad should be obtained from the port authorities.
weather, off Akram Point (21°59.4'N., 89°31.9'E.). The aids to navigation in the Pusur River are reported (2007)
7.13

Regulations.—Vessels should arrive at Mongla Fairway

7.13 to be unreliable; they may be missing, unlit, or out of position.
Lighted Buoy at least 3 hours prior to HW at Hiran Point to en- The 5m curve of Pavanga Shoal was reported to be extending
7.13

ter that day. S to Buoy B18; a shoal patch, with a least depth of 5.3m, was
The Port Director at Khulna is to be notified 24 hours in ad-
7.13 reported between Buoy B18 and Buoy B15.
vance of vessel’s arrival as to the state of health on board and A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 26 miles SW
7.13

vessel’s last port of call. Radio pratique may be granted. A re- of Mongla Fairway Buoy.
port states that health officials board vessels about 7 miles be- Anchored vessels may be encountered in the vicinity of
7.13

low Mongla Anchorage (Chalna Anchorage). The port health Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy, in the vicinity of Buoy B18,
officer is stationed at Khulna. and anywhere along the Pusur River from latitude 21°46.0'N to
Vessels should send their ETA to Port Control, via their
7.13 Mongla Anchorage.
agent, and to the pilots, on VHF channel 11, at least 24 hours
prior to arriving at Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy. The ETA 7.14 Mongla Anchorage (Chalna Bazar) (22°28'N.,
message should include the following information: 89°35'E.) (World Port Index No. 49580), the lighterage port for
1. ETA at Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy. Chalna, consists of a river anchorage in the Pusur River, about
2. Fresh water draft. 66 miles above Mongla Fairway Lighted Buoy and 9 miles
3. Speed. downstream from Mongla Bazar.
4. Length overall.
5. Gross tonnage. Mongla Home Page
6. Flag.
7. Fresh water requirements. http://www.mpa.gov.bd
8. Type and amount of cargo.

Mongla—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Dubai Bangladesh Cement Mills Limited
Cement
175m — — — — — Cement, clinker, and bunkers.
Jetty
Holcim Bangladesh Limited
Cement Cement, clinker, and bunkers. Berthing length of
130m 6.5m — — — —
Jetty 140m (including dolphins).
Meghna Cement Mills Ltd Terminal
Meghna LPG, cement, clinker, multipurpose, and bunkers.
200m — 117m 6.5m 18.8m 5,174 dwt
Jetty Berthing length of 240m (including dolphins).

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 221

Mongla—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Mongla Cement Factory
Cement Cement, clinker, and bunkers. Berth length 190m
186m — — 6.1m — —
Jetty (including dolphins).
Mongla Port
J05 183m — 151m 7.0m 20.5m 13,324 dwt Ro-ro/lo-lo, container, bunkers, and breakbulk.
J06 183m — 179m 7.0m 28.0m 24,496 dwt
J07 183m — 182m 8.0m 32.2m 50,806 dwt Ro-ro/lo-lo, container, breakbulk, and bunkers.
J08 183m — 179m 8.5m 29.8m 29,496 dwt Continuous berthing length of 732m.
J09 183m — 176m 8.5m 31.1m 24,157 dwt
Petromax Terminal
Products
48m — 119m — 20.6m 8,131 dwt LPG and clean products.
Jetty
LAUGFS Gas
LPG
115m — 119m — 20.0m 8,692 dwt LPG.
Jetty
Omera Petroleum Limited
LPG
150m 10.0m 119m — 19.2m 7,183 dwt LPG.
Jetty
Orion Gas
LPG
53m — 106m — 19.8m 5,588 dwt LPG.
Jetty

Depths—Limitations.—The anchorage area stretches along

7.14 bar without a pilot on board. If the pilot is unable to board at
the river for about 3 miles and has depths which range from 6.4 the fairway buoy, the vessel should wait until detailed instruc-
to 13.7m. Several swing moorings are available. One of the tions are received by radio. At this time navigational aids,
vessel’s chains is made fast to a buoy with the assistance of a depths, and pilotage information should be verified. Mongla
mooring tug. Vessels can also anchor in midstream at nine ad- pilots emphasize that all instructions received over VHF are re-
ditional anchorage berths. The holding ground is good. All car- peated by the Master to ensure understanding.
go is discharged into lighters and transferred to Mongla. Signals.—Storm signals are displayed for the Bay of Bengal
7.14

Vessels up to 6.9m draft may use the anchorage, and of slightly from the signal tower on the E side of the river at Mongla.
greater draft in the flood season. Contact Information.—See the table titled Mongla—Con-
7.14

To prevent dragging anchors when a strong ebb is running,

7.14 tact Information.
especially during the Southwest Monsoon spring tides, it is ad-
visable not to moor more than two large or four average-size Mongla—Contact Information
lighters alongside a vessel.
Hazardous cargo can be discharged about 5 to 6 miles below
7.14
Port Authority
the anchorage. 880-468-75215
Tugs are available for handling the lighters.
7.14
Telephone
880-468-75200
Five vessels can be berthed at the jetties, which can handle
7.14

drafts between 5.2 and 7.0m. Eight moorings also exist for ves- Facsimile 880-468-75224
sels with drafts between 4.1 and 8.0m. E-mail mpa@bttb.net.bd
Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table
7.14

Mongla—Berth Information. Web site http://www.mpa.gov.bd

Pilotage.—Pilotage is provided by Hiran Point. The vessel’s
7.14

Port Control
ETA should be sent 24 hours in advance through the pilot sta-
tion at Hiran Point. Further information regarding pilotage and VHF VHF channels 11 and 16
regulations can be found in paragraph 7.13. Telephone 880-4662-75367
Regulations.—No vessel should attempt to cross the outer
7.14

Pub. 173
222 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Mongla—Contact Information shoal ground with depths of less than 5.5m, lies between Pusur
Point and Landfall Point, about 30 miles ENE. The flat extends
Harbormaster up to 19 miles offshore and dries in patches up to 8 miles S of
Telephone 880-468-75221 Tiger Point. Heavy breakers have been observed over these
patches.
E-mail hm@mpa.gov.bd Morrelgonj, a local rice exporting center, lies on the river
7.16

Pilots bank about 37 miles above the entrance. Local river steamers
frequent the port.
Call sign Pilot Station
Good holding ground and shelter is provided at the anchor-
7.16

VHF VHF channels 11, 14, and 16 age in the river abreast of the town.
Rabnabad Channel Entrance (21°50'N., 90°16'E.) lies
88-247-8846166
7.16

Telephone about 8 miles ENE of Landfall Point. The narrow channel

88-157-5274102 within the entrance has a least charted depth of 4.3m in its N
Facsimile 88-247-7753778 part, which lies between the westernmost Rabnabad Island and
the mainland to the W. Above this island, the channel connects
vtmis@mpa.gov.bd with the Ganges River through the Kaja River and the Tetulia
E-mail
portcontrol@mpa.gov.bd River. Little is known of these latter two rivers.
Payra Sea Port (22°00'N., 90°19'E) is under development
7.16

Web site https://www.mpa.gov.bd (2016). A coal berth and coal jetty were completed in 2019
with extensive development still underway. The port is expect-
Anchorage.—Old Chalna Anchorage, about 9 miles above
7.14
ed to be fully operational by 2023. A dangerous wreck, best
Mongla Anchorage, extends about 1 mile below Mongla Bazar seen on the chart, lies 6 miles N of the Payra Fairway Light.
and has a least depth of 3.8m. In 1974, the maximum draft al- Pilotage.—Boarding locations are dependent on weather
7.16

lowed at Mongla was 7.3m. This site was found to be unsuitable conditions and are best seen on the chart, as follows:
because moored vessels were frequently set adrift by the strong 1. Fair weather boarding position—approximately 1.3
freshets and eddies. Ocean-going vessels no longer use this an- miles SW of the Payra Fairway Light in position 21°21.1'N,
chorage. 90°02.4'E.
Mongla Wharf, five berths with a total length of 920m and
7.14
2. Rough weather boarding position—21 miles NE of
an alongside dredged depth of 6.1m, stand on the E bank of the the Payra Fairway Light in position 21°41.0'N, 90°15.0'E.
Pusur River, about 2 miles N of the anchorage off Mongla. An area between the S point of the E Rabnabad Island and a
7.16

Directions.—From a position close E of Fairway Lighted

7.14
position about 18 miles to the E has not been surveyed. A simi-
Buoy, steer N for about 3 miles to the buoyed channel entrance. lar unsurveyed area lies N of a line extending about 50 miles
This buoyed channel should be followed, according to radioed ENE from the S point of the E Rabnabad Island to a position
instructions, to the anchorage area about 1.3 miles SE Hiran about 6 miles E of the SE point of South Hatia Island
Point Light. (22°15'N., 91°05'E.).
When entering or leaving, Dubla Shoal Lighted Buoy should
7.14
Meghna Flats (21°30'N., 90°24'E.), an area of shoal ground
7.16

be passed to the W and the lighted buoys off Sarwar Sand and with depths of 5.5m and less, lie between the entrance of the
Pavanga Shoal should be passed to the E. Haringhata River and the entrance of the Shahbazpur River,
Vessels are required to display their call sign by International
7.14
about 60 miles to the NE. These flats and shoals extend up to
Code Signal Flags when entering port and while at the anchor- 45 miles S of the mouths of the Meghna River.
age off Hiran Point awaiting a pilot. D’Apres Shoal (22°00'N., 91°09'E.), a drying sand bank
7.16

with a 2.4m depth, lies on the E side of the entrance of the

7.15 The Haringhata River (21°50'N., 89°57'E.), one of Shahbazpur River, about 14 miles S of the SE point of South
the principal outlets of the Ganges, is entered through an estu- Hatia Island.
ary about 7 miles wide at the entrance. Tiger Point lies on the
W side of the entrance, about 17.5 miles NE of Pusur Point. 7.17 Sandwip Island (22°28'N., 91°29'E.), the furthest E,
The river is navigable by ocean vessels as far inland as Mor-
7.15 is one of the largest of the numerous islands which lie between
relgonj, about 37 miles from the entrance, and throughout its the entrances of the Meghna River.
entire course by the largest native boats. Navigation of this riv- Several shoal spurs, with depths of 5.5m and less, extend up
7.17

er is said to be easier than that of any other river at the head of to 22 miles S from South Hatia Island and extend irregularly
the Bay of Bengal, as the river is free from tidal bores and mid- NE to a position about 15 miles S of Sandwip Island. In 1979,
channel dangers. less water than charted was reported 35 miles S of South Hatia
The river should not be entered without local knowledge or a
7.15 Island. Two detached shoals, with depths of 2.4 and 5.5m, lie in
pilot aboard. the entrance of the narrow channel on the W side of Sandwip
Tidal currents within the river are reported to exceed a veloc-
7.15 Island, about 6.5 and 7.5 miles S of the SW point of that island.
ity of 4 knots at springs. Tides—Currents.—The velocity of the tidal current in the
7.17

Caution.—A bar, with a LW depth of about 4.6m, fronts the

7.15
vicinity of D’Apres Shoal is about 4 knots.
mouth of the Haringhata. During the first 30 minutes of the flood, there is always a
7.17

swell in depths of 9.1m and less.

7.16 Argo Flat (21°44'N., 89°57'E.), an extensive area of About 40 miles SW of D’Apres Shoal the tidal current contin-
7.17

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 223

ues to run N and NE for 1 hour after HW and SSW and SW for Bangladesh—The Chittagong Coast to Elephant
1.5 hours after LW. During spring tides the tidal currents set N Point
and S and at neaps they gradually turn in a clockwise direction.
Tidal currents setting more to the W than the E are experienced 7.18 The coast of the Chittagong District extends S from the
during good weather. The estimated velocity of the ebb current Feni River for about 150 miles to the Naf River, the boundary
at springs is from 4 to 6 knots and at neaps about 2.5 knots. between Bangladesh and Burma, which lies about 5 miles NE of
Depths—Limitations.—The Meghna River discharges the
7.17 St. Martins Island. The Feni River empties into Sandwip Chan-
main volume of the waters of the Ganges River and the Brahma- nel about 8 miles N of the N extremity of Sandwip Island. Be-
putra River through its four principal mouths (the Tetulia River, tween the entrance of the Karnaphuli River and Cox’s Bazar, the
the Shahbazpur River, the Hatia River, and Sandwip Channel). coast is broken by Kutubdia Island and Maiskhal Island. South
The Brahmaputra River joins the Ganges River at Goalunda; the of Cox’s Bazar to Elephant Point, low hills rise close inland and
combined waters enter the Meghna River at Chandpur. In 1979, cliffs mark the coastline. Chains of mountain ranges rise parallel
the banks S of the entrances to these two rivers were extending S with the Chittagong Coast at varying distances inland.
and less water was reported. Sitakund Mountain (22°38'N., 91°41'E.) rises to an eleva-
7.18

The Hatia River, the only navigable passage of the Meghna

7.17 tion of 352m, about 20 miles NNW of Chittagong. A ridge of
River, passes between Sandwip Island on the E and the Hatia hills extends SSE from this mountain and roughly parallels the
Islands group to the W. Sandwip Channel, between Sandwip coast for about 18 miles. Nagarkhana, 88m high, lies about 17
Island and the mainland coast to the E, is closed by sandbanks miles SSE of Sitakund Mountain. Fakir Hill, 73m high, lies
N of the N end of Sandwip Island. about 1 mile farther S at the S end of the ridge close N of Chit-
Vessels, with a draft of 3m, can proceed upriver as far as
7.17 tagong. A black pillar, 6.1m high, lies atop this hill.
Narayanganj. From a position along the coast E of the N part of Sandwip
7.18

In 1964, Hatia Channel, the navigable entrance of the Megh-

7.17 Island, a white sandy beach borders the shore for about 27
na River, had its entrance about 9 miles SE of the S extremity miles SSE to the mouth of the Karnaphuli River.
of Sandwip Island. The buoyed channel leading from the en- Winds—Weather.—During the Northeast Monsoon, from
7.18

trance extends NW and W to a position midway between South October to March, small fog banks or thick mists occur on the
Hatia Island and North Hatia Island. Chittagong Coast on an average of 2.5 days a month. These
Depths in Hatia Channel and over the adjoining shoals are
7.17 weather conditions cause the lights in some instances to as-
subject to rapid changes, and the buoys may be moved to con- sume a deep red color and in other instances to completely ob-
form to these changes. Extreme caution is advised. scure them.
Directions cannot be given because of the rapid changes in
7.17 Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents in this part of the Bay
7.18

the depths and no one without local knowledge or a pilot of Bengal set N and S with the trend of the coast; the velocity
aboard should attempt to enter. Pilots are available at Chit- at spring tides ranges from 4 to 6 knots. In hazy weather, ves-
tagong. sels have been swept past the entrance of the Karnaphuli River
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken off the W side of
7.17 by the flood or N current and set upon the sands S and SW of
Sandwip Island, abreast of the village of Sandwip or in Sand- Sandwip Island, without sighting Kutubdia Island Light by
wip Channel E of that island. A shallow flat extends about 6 night or the land by day.
miles S of the island. Authority Lighted Buoy is moored about Depths—Limitations.—Off the Chittagong coast the depths
7.18

9.5 miles SE of Sandwip and 2.5 miles SSW of a dangerous decrease gradually from the 36.6m curve, about 22 miles W of
wreck. The lighted buoys marking the S approaches to Hatia Elephant Point (21°11'N., 92°03'E.), to the 11m curve about
Channel are moved as the channel changes. 15 miles SSW of the entrance of the Karnaphuli River. With
Caution.—Sandwip and the Hatia Islands are particularly
7.17 but few exceptions, all of the known dangers which lie off this
subject to flooding by storm waves. section of coast are contained within the 11m curve.
A dangerous wreck, marked by a lighted buoy, is situated 10
7.17

miles SE of the S end of Sandwip Island. 7.19 Dolphin Shoal (21°51'N., 91°46'E.), with a least
It has been reported that the Meghan River can be dangerous
7.17 depth of 6.4m, lies between 3.3 and 5 miles WSW of Kutub-
for navigation between February and November. A tidal bore dia Light (21°52'N., 91°51'E.). A shoal, with a least depth of
affects the lower parts of the river, especially around the equi- 8.2m, lies about 7 miles WSW of the lighthouse.
noxes. Shifting banks and snags also present a hazard. Vessels A submarine pipeline, best seen on the chart, lies within Dol-
7.19

should always use local knowledge. phin Shoal and extends N towards the Sangu River.
Chandpur (23°09'N., 90°33'E.), a small river port frequented
7.17 North Patches (21°43'N., 91°44'E.), a group of hard, sand
7.19

by local steamers, lies at the junction of the Meghna River and shoals with depths of 4.1 to 5.5m, extend about 8 miles S from
Chandpur Khal. The port has little commercial value. a position about 7.5 miles SW of Kutubdia Light. Less water
Narayanganj (23°37'N., 90°32'E.), a small river port and
7.17 than charted may exist over these shoals.
transshipment point, lies about 8 miles SE of Dacca on the left A narrow shoal bank, about 4.5 miles long with a least depth
7.19

bank of the Lakhya River near its junction with the Meghna of 9.4m, lies centered about 23.8 miles SSW of Kutubdia
River. Local steamers frequent the port. Light.
South Patches (21°26'N., 91°40'E.), a narrow shoal bank
7.19

with a least depth of 9.1m, lies centered about 28 miles SSW of

Kutubdia Light.
Reju Shoal (21°17'N., 91°59'E.), small in extent with a least
7.19

Pub. 173
224 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

depth of 4.9m, lies about 7 miles NNW of Elephant Point. coast, lies on the S side of the entrance of the Karnaphuli. Ex-
In 1977, the shoal was reported to be 0.5 mile NW of its
7.19 tensive marshland that dries fronts the coast.
charted position. Norman’s Point Light shows from a red and white framework
7.20

A detached 14.6m patch lies about 25.8 miles NW, and a

7.19 tower, 1.3 miles S of Norman’s Point; a racon is located at the
similar detached patch lies 27.5 miles WNW of Elephant Point. light.
Kohinur Shoal (21°07'N., 91°38'E.), with a least depth of
7.19 Four Tree Hill, 38m high and topped by trees, lies 2.5 miles
7.20

21.9m, was reported to exist about 23.5 miles W of Elephant ENE of Norman’s Point. From a distance, the hill appears to
Point. form the S end of a tableland of which Juldia Hill, about 1.5
Caution.—The greatest care is necessary in making the en-
7.19 miles NNW of Four Tree Hill, is a part.
trance of the Karnaphuli River. Whatever the state of the Coombs Pillar (22°15'N., 91°51'E.), a white mark 9.1m
7.20

weather or the time of the year, but especially during the high, stands on the highest part of the ridge, about 0.8 mile N
Southwest Monsoon from April to September, mariners should of Juldia Hill.
exercise extreme caution, being cognizant of the depths and A conspicuous flare stands 2.3 miles N of Patenga Point.
7.20

dangers. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels 200 tons or

7.20

Even with favorable weather and when a vessel’s position is

7.19 greater. The river entrance is constantly changing and no vessel
known, strict attention to the depth as well as to the course and should attempt to enter without a pilot on board. The following
distance made good over the ground is necessary. information should be sent to Chittagong 72 hours and con-
If the position is doubtful and there is a strong flood or N cur-
7.19 firmed 24 hours in advance of arrival:
rent, it is well to anchor to avoid being set on the shoals lying off 1. Vessel’s ETA at Kutubdia and Chittagong outer an-
Sandwip Island and the entrance of the Meghna River. These chorage.
shoals may lie farther S than indicated on the chart. 2. Date and hour of departure last port of call.
When approaching from the SW and uncertain of a vessel’s
7.19 3. Nature and quantity of cargo to be discharged.
position, a landfall can be made in the vicinity of the conspicu- 4. Maximum fresh water draft on arrival. The arrival
ous white cliffs about 4 miles SSE of Cox’s Bazar. draft should be forwarded in writing if it is expected to be
Vessels should pass outside of South Patches, North Patches,
7.19 within 0.2m of the maximum permissible draft.
and Dolphin Shoal. Soundings should be taken frequently and The pilot launch is stationed off Juldia and is equipped with
7.20

allowances made for tidal currents. radar and VHF radiotelephone.

A stranded wreck lies about 23 miles SW of Kutubdia Island
7.19 Vessels should arrive at the pilot station at least 3 hours be-
7.20

Light. fore the daylight HW. Priority vessels should arrive at least 6
hours prior to daylight HW.
Bangladesh—Approach to the Karnaphuli River Vessels with a speed of under 7 knots will not normally be
7.20

handled during spring tides.

7.20 The entrance of the Karnaphuli River lies between Vessels are usually boarded about 2 miles SW of Patenga
7.20

Patenga Point (22°13'N., 91°48'E.) and Norman’s Point, about Point. The harbormaster boards in the river, about 0.5 mile be-
1.3 miles SSE. low the SW extremity of the railway jetties, and takes vessels
Tides—Currents.—About 0.5 mile W of the outer bar at the
7.20 to their assigned berth.
entrance of the Karnaphuli River, the flood current sets NNW Pilots are available only from sunrise to sunset.
7.20

and the ebb current sets SSE. The tidal current turns about 1.5 Signals.—A signal station lies on Juldia Hill and is equipped
7.20

hours after HW and LW near Juldia, and 1.3 hours after HW with radiotelephones and facilities for signaling by the Interna-
and LW at Chittagong. The ebb current is very strong during tional Code of Signals, on a 24-hour basis.
the rainy season from April to September. Under ordinary con- Storm signals are displayed at Norman’s Point; the Indian
7.20

ditions, the velocity of the tidal current is about 2 knots at General System is used. Further information on storm signals
neaps and 3 to 4 knots at springs. may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)
The mean range of the tide at Chittagong is 2.9m; the spring
7.20 South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Sig-
range is 3.6m. nals.”
Depths—Limitations.—On the W side of the approach to the
7.20 Weather signals will be displayed from the Port Commis-
7.20

entrance of the Karnaphuli River from the SSW, depths of less sioner’s Office for inland vessels and small craft.
than 9.1m lie SE of Meghna Flats and S of Sandwip Island. All vessels entering or leaving port should display their sig-
7.20

Dangers on the E side of the approach consists of South

7.20 nal letters.
Patches, North Patches, Dolphin Shoal, and the 8.2m shoal, all Anchorage.—Three anchorage areas, lettered A through C,
7.20

of which have been previously described in paragraph 7.19. lie off the entrance of the Karnaphuli River. The least charted
Two wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie about 6 miles SSW of
7.20 depth in each anchorage area is, as follows:
Patenga Point. 1. Anchorage A—9.3m. Depths can be up to 0.8m
Aspect.—Patenga Point (22°13'N., 91°48'E.), on the N side
7.20 shoaler than charted.
of the entrance of the Karnaphuli River, is low, flat, and 2. Anchorage B—7.7m. Depths can be up to 1.1m shoal-
marked by a few trees. A drying sandy mud flat extends about er than charted.
0.5 mile SW from the point. Range lights in line bearing 037°, 3. Anchorage C—7.9m.
lie approximately 0.5 mile NE of Patenga Point, but are report- Pilotage is compulsory for vessels bound for the anchorages
7.20

edly difficult to distinguish. with a draft more than 10m. Vessels should notify the port au-
Norman’s Point (22°12'N., 91°49'E.), a low extremity of the
7.20 thority at least 72 hours prior to arrival.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 225

7.20 Port of Chittagong

Anchorage A is for vessels with a draft of over 9.2m. Anchor-

7.20 arrival.
age B is for vessels entering within 24 hours. Anchorage C is for
lightering and other vessels not scheduled to enter for 24 hours. Chittagong (22°19'N., 91°49'E.)
The limits of these three areas, together with the prohibited an-
chorage area, can best be seen on the chart. World Port Index No. 49590
North of a bearing of 055° on Patenga Lighted Beacon, the
7.20

holding ground is soft mud and vessels are liable to drag. The 7.21 Chittagong (Chattogram), one of the leading ports in
mud is firmer farther S of this bearing, but attention should be Bangladesh, lies on the W bank of the Karnaphuli River, about
given to the strong ebb which is experienced here especially 10 miles above its entrance. Ample, modern berthing facilities
during the Southwest Monsoon. A vessel using this anchorage are provided for all classes of vessels capable of crossing the
should note the way it swings at the change of the tide, because river bars.
it is liable to swing in one direction only. Vessels anchor should Chittagong is a first port of entry.
be sighted at regular intervals to avoid fouling.
A vessel reported anchoring in a depth of 10.5m with Nor-
7.20
Chittagong Port Authority
man’s Point Light bearing 109°, distant 2 miles, good holding
ground. During a stay of 11 days at this anchorage, the maxi- http://www.cpa.gov.bd
mum current experienced was 5 knots.
During spring tides, a vessel reported good holding ground
7.20
Winds—Weather.—Chittagong is in the track of cyclones
7.21

with Patenga Lighted Beacon bearing 070° and Norman’s and as a result, the port has been damaged on numerous occa-
Point Light bearing 120°. sions.
An abandoned submarine pipeline extends 1.5 miles WSW
7.20
A hot sultry day followed by still air conditions in the eve-
7.21

from a position about 2.5 miles NW of Patenga Point. Anchor- ning usually results in thunderstorms. The peculiarity of these
ing is prohibited in this vicinity. storms is that they approach from the N and W in the form of a
Dangerous wrecks, some marked by lighted buoys and best
7.20
line squall accompanied by intense lightning, thunder, rain
seen on the chart, lie within Anchorage Areas A and B. and/or cyclonic rotation winds which may reach a velocity of
Caution.—Small fishing craft without lights, and fish nets
7.20
upwards of 50 knots. When signs of such a storm exist, masters
marked by small black and white stakes, were reported to be a must exercise great caution. Vessels at fixed moorings and pon-
hazard to vessels approaching the river entrance. toon jetties must exercise extreme caution when a storm is
The channels and depths in the Karnaphuli River and its ap-
7.20
blowing.
proaches are subject to frequent change. Aids to navigation are In general, rainfall is heavy during the Southwest Monsoon;
7.21

adjusted accordingly. Consult the harbormaster at Chittagong for dense fogs occasionally occur. Early morning fogs, clearing by
the latest information. mid-morning, also occur from December through February and
Depths in excess of 4 meters less than charted exist in the vi-
7.20
sometimes in March. The fine weather period is from the mid-
cinity of 22°19.5'N, 91°29.6'E and are subject to rapid change. dle of October to March.
It has been reported (2006) that numerous charted and un-
7.20
Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set across the outer
7.21

charted wrecks lie in the anchorage areas as well as the ap- part of the bar with the flood setting NNW and the ebb to the
proaches to Chittagong. In addition, it has been reported (2002) SSE.
that two vessels with drafts of 10.5m have grounded while in During the Southwest Monsoon season, in the months of
7.21

Anchorage A. Mariners are advised to contact local port au- June to September and sometimes in October, strong freshets
thorities for current information on depths and wrecks prior to are experienced at which time there may be no flood current

Pub. 173
226 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

for several days. During freshets the velocity of the current in- siltation. Local authorities should be consulted to affirm maxi-
creases to 6 to 8 knots. Notices regarding them are circulated mum permissible draft for the day, generally referred to as fresh
well in advance by the local port authorities. water draft.
During the Southwest Monsoon, the spring range of the tide
7.21 Ship movements generally commence about 4 to 5 hours be-
7.21

is about 6.1m; the neap range is about 2.7m. During the winter fore the day’s HW. Outbound ships of light draft sail on the
the spring range is 2.7 to 4m and the neap range is 1.5 to 2.4m. first daylight flood; ships with the maximum draft for a partic-
Tide gauges, marked in 3-inch divisions, lie on the sides of
7.21 ular day sail about 2 hours before daylight HW.
the river at various locations to assist in determining the level Vessels entering or leaving port must have full steam on
7.21

of the tides. main engine and deck, and both anchors with full lengths of
chain must be available for use at all times.
A confused and dangerous sea breaks on the outer bar during
7.21

strong SW winds.
To determine the draft for entering or leaving port, the depth
7.21

of 3.6m over the inner bar is added to the height of water in the
tide tables, allowing for an error of 30.5 to 35.6cm, depending
on the phase of the moon and season.
A deep-draft vessel, intending to discharge cargo, may gain a
7.21

7.6 to 15.2cm draft advantage by entering close to time of HW

and berth, whenever practicable, on the ebb current.
A 1965 report states the water salinity at the outer anchorag-
7.21

es changes from almost salt water to practically fresh water,

depending on the tide. This causes corresponding differences
in vessels’ drafts and is important in that maximum drafts are
based on fresh water. Pilots check drafts of deeply-loaded ves-
sels. It was further reported that due to siltation, the channel for
crossing the bar is a sharp zig-zag and the usual extra draft al-
lowances, such as 3 inches for vessels of less than 152.4m in
length and a speed of over 14 knots, are not granted.
Port of Chittagong Five river mooring berths can accommodate vessels of up to
7.21

186m in length with drafts between 7.5 and 9.1m.

Depths—Limitations.—Outer Bar lies at the seaward end
7.21
Two ocean-going tugs and a sufficient number of barges are
7.21

of the entrance range and has a least depth of about 4.6m. The available for handling cargo at the anchorages off the river en-
least charted depths over the Inner Bar and Gupta Crossing are trance.
5.5 and 4.9m, respectively. Depths over the bars and in the river Explosives are handled at the outer anchorage. Safety explo-
7.21

are subject to constant change. sives can be handled alongside the jetties.
The maximum safe fresh water drafts in the Karnaphuli Riv-
7.21
A vessel entering on the flood normally turns off the as-
7.21

er may range from 5.5 to 8.5m, depending on the time of the signed berth using the starboard anchor; after turning, the an-
year and local conditions. In general, the greatest depths are chor is weighed and the vessel proceeds to either a berth or
available in the summer and the least in the winter. mooring buoy using the port anchor.
A monthly forecast of drafts is published by the port authori-
7.21
Berthing details are shown in the accompanying table titled
7.21

ties. Daily maximum anticipated safe drafts in the Karnaphuli Chittagong—Berth Information.
River for the months can alter with prevailing winds and unusual

Chittagong—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Cement Factory Terminal
Cement
162m — 190m — 32.2m 53,529 dwt Cement and breakbulk.
Clinker Jetty
Chittagong Container Terminal (CCT)
CCT-1 216m 12.2m 296m — 60.0m 321,039 dwt PCC, containers, and reefers.
CCT-2 220m 12.2m 186m — 35.6m 81,440 dwt PCC, containers, and reefers. Contin-
CCT-3 220m 12.2m 332m — 58.8m 305,870 dwt uous berthing length of 440m.
Diamond Cement Terminal
DC-1 25m — — — — — Cement and clinker.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 227

Chittagong—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
DC-2 26m — — — — — Cement and clinker.
General Cargo Terminal
GCB-1 — — 190m — 35.6m 58,648 dwt
GCB-2 — — 184m — 25.3m 23,043 dwt
GCB-3 — — 170m — 28.1m 23,245 dwt
GCB-4 — — 190m — 35.6m 81,440 dwt
GCB-5 — — 184m — 40.0m 71,345 dwt
Ro-ro. lo-lo, containers, breakbulk,
GCB-6 — — 175m — 50.0m 206,007 dwt reefers, and passengers/vehicles/rail.
GCB-7 — — 119m — 45.0m 179,023 dwt Continuous berthing length of
1,500m.
GCB-8 — — 177m — 35.6m 81,440 dwt
GCB-9 — — 186m — 45.0m 180,882 dwt
GCB-10 — — 190m — 57.3m 322,446 dwt
GCB-11 — — 190m — 32.2m 58,168 dwt
GCB-12 — — 190m — 32.2m 58,223 dwt
Grain Silo Terminal
Grain Jetty 43m — — 9.1m — — Grain.
Grain Main
327m — 190m — 32.2m 58,710 dwt Grain, containers, and breakbulk.
Silo Jetty
New Mooring Container Terminal (NCT)
NCT-1 161m — 186m 9.1m 58.0m 309,327 dwt Containers and reefers.
NCT-2 161m — 186m 9.1m 35.2m 55,676 dwt Containers and reefers.
NCT-3 161m — 186m 9.1m 54.0m 252,812 dwt Containers and reefers.
NCT-4 161m — 186m 9.1m 58.0m 305,870 dwt Containers and reefers.
NCT-5 161m — 186m 9.1m 61.0m 346,089 dwt Containers and reefers.
S Alam Refined Sugar Termianl
Sugar Jetty 33m — — — — — Sugar.
TSP Fertilizer Terminal
Cement, clinker, fertilizer, and break-
TSP Jetty 120m — 161m 9.1m 43.0m 151,688 dwt
bulk.
CUFL Terminal
North East
190m — 88m — 17.5m 3,655 dwt Fertilizer, iron ore, and breakbulk.
Berth
Chemicals, clean products, crude
South West products, fertilizer, iron ore, break-
175m 8.5m 248m — 43.0m 107,091 dwt
Berth bulk, and multipurpose. Berthing
length of 226m (including dolphins).
Eastern Refinery Terminal
Eastern Chemicals, clean products, crude
Refinery Oil products, dirty products, breakbulk,
20m — 190m — 32.2m 70,165 dwt
Dolphin and multipurpose. Berthing length of
Jetty 205m (including dolphins).

Pub. 173
228 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Chittagong—Berth Information
Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Karnaphuli Fertilizer Terminal
Chemicals, LPG, fertilizer, ammonia,
KAFCO (A) 60m 9.2m 186m — 32.2m 51,288 dwt and breakbulk. Berthing length of
220m (including dolphins).
Chemicals, clean products, crude
KAFCO (U) 155m 9.2m 190m — 32.2m 56,889 dwt products, fertilizer, breakbulk, and
multipurpose.
MJL Terminal
Chemicals, crude, crude products,
breakbulk, and multipurpose. Berth-
Jetty No. 7 18m 11.2m 186m 9.15m 36.0m 51,833 dwt
ing length of 92m (including dol-
phins)
Padma Oil Terminal
Aviation fuel, clean products, con-
densate, dirty products, breakbulk,
Jetty No. 6 20m 11.2m 186m 9.15m — —
and multipurpose. Berthing length of
203m (including dolphins).
Jamuan Oil Terminal
Jamuna Oil
16m — 64m — 27.4m 38,396 dwt Clean products.
Berth
Meghna Terminal
Chemicals, condensate, crude prod-
Jetty No. 5 21m 11.2m 189m 9.15m 44.0m 114,546 dwt ucts, and dirty products. Berthing
length of 205m (including dolphins).
Super Petrochemical Terminal
Chemicals, clean products, crude
SPPL Jetty 20m — — — — — products, bunkers, and dirty prod-
ucts.
United Tank Terminal (UTTL)
Tanker Jetty 124m — — — — — Clean products.
VOTT Oil Refinery Terminal
Clean products and bunkers. Berth-
VOTT Oil
20m — 185m — 32.2m 49,526 dwt ing length of 230m (including dol-
Berth
phins).

Aspect.—The entrance of the river lies between a training

7.21 cons and buoys in the river are moved as necessary to conform
wall on the W side, which retains a sand and mud flat extending to depth changes in the channel.
about 0.5 mile SW from Patenga Point, and a stone apron on the The outer bar fronts the entrance of the river about 1.5 miles
7.21

side, which is the SW extension of Juldia Training Wall. Mud SW of Patenga Lighted Beacon. The inner bar lies about 2.5
flats and Middle Island lie SE of the stone apron and Juldia miles within the entrance and W of Juldia Hill. Gupta Bar is
Training Wall. The stone apron and training walls at the entrance about 5 miles above the river’s entrance.
of the river have been reported to be submerged at HW. About 1 mile NNW of Norman’s Point, the E bank of the riv-
7.21

The alignment of the fairways, with the best water over the
7.21 er curves NE for a distance of 2.5 miles to a position NW of Ju-
bars and within the river, are denoted by lighted range beacons. ldia Hill. Large mud flats lie along this part of the bank and
The lighted beacons, indicating the fairway in the entrance and embankments have been constructed to prevent inundation.
over the outer bar, are in line bearing 037°04'. Several small villages are situated on this section of the bank.
Lighted and unlighted buoys mark the channel limits and
7.21 About 2.3 miles farther N, the E bank becomes low and
some of the sunken wrecks in the river. The charted range bea- swampy and is cultivated.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 229

Mud islands (chars), the largest of which are Gupta Island

7.21
Chittagong—Contact Information
and Lukia Island, are part of this bank and low-lying land to
the E. Back Channel Khal and a passage for boats at half tide E-mail info@cpa.gov.bd
separate Gupta Island and Lukia Island, respectively, from the Web site http://www.cpa.gov.bd
mainland to the E.
The W bank of the Karnaphuli trends NE from Patenga Point
7.21
Deputy Conservator
for about 3 miles to Gupta Point (22°17'N., 91°50'E.). Active Telephone 880-31-251-0842
Spit, the greater part of which is enclosed by a training wall,
E-mail dc@cpa.gov.bd
lies between the W bank and the training wall, E through S of
Gupta Point. Numerous creeks (khals) intersect the W bank of Harbormaster
the river for a distance of about 4 miles between Gupta Point
Telephone 880-31-251-0839
and the jetties at Chittagong.
Two high tension power line pylons, 105m high with ob-
7.21
E-mail hm@cpa.gov.bd
struction lights, lie one on each side of the Karnaphuli River, 1 Dock Master
mile SE of the dock office. The vertical clearance under the
power line is 65m. Telephone 880-31-251-0854
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels of 200
7.21
E-mail dm@cpa.gov.bd
gross tons and over. Pilotage is available during daylight hours
only. Contact the pilots on VHF channel 12 or 16. Pilots
Vessels should arrive at the Pilot Boarding Ground, 2 miles
7.21
Call sign Port Radio Control
SW of Patenga Point, at least 3 hours before daylighthigh wa-
ter. VHF VHF channels 12 and 16
Regulations.—Vessels are advised to report any incidents of
7.21
880-31-251-0839
piracy and armed robbery to the Port Radio Control on VHF
channel 12. Telephone 880-31-251-0854
Vessels should report their ETA on VHF channel 16 when 12
7.21 880-31-726-916
miles from the port. oac@cpa.gov.bd
Vessels due to enter the port in the upcoming 24-hour period
7.21
E-mail
should anchor in the appropriate anchorage and keep a listening hm@cpa.gov.bd
watch on VHF beginning at least 3 hours before the pilot board- Web site http://www.cpa.gov.bd
ing time.
Signals.—Tidal signals are displayed from a tidal semaphore
7.21

Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor temporarily in certain

station on Juldia Hill. The signals indicate, by day, the height
7.21

of water above tidal datum. The diagram (See Tidal Semaphore reaches of the river on their way to or from Chittagong. How-
Signals for Calcutta in paragraph 7.6) shows the position of the ever, there is only swinging room at or near HW, and then only
with the assistance of the engines. Vessels cannot remain at an-
semaphore arms and their meanings, as viewed from a vessel
approaching from seaward. chor at low water.
Three main anchorage areas lie outside the harbor. For fur-
A black ball is displayed on top of the semaphore at HW, and
7.21

7.21

ther information, see paragraph 7.20.

dropped when the tide has fallen 3 inches below HW level.
Vessels with plague or other infectious diseases on board
Vessels approaching the outer bar, in order to be certain the
7.21

7.21

must anchor off Coombs Pillar until inspected by the Health

rise of tide as indicated by the semaphore, will not display a
Officer.
black ball at the foremast head.
Caution.—Piracy remains a concern at Chittagong. The wa-
Tidal lights for night pilotage are displayed from two frame-
7.21

7.21

ters of Bangladesh remain an area of high risk for piracy and

work masts, each 49m high. Three lights, vertically displayed,
armed robbery; however the Bangladesh authorities have suc-
5.5m apart and displayed from each mast, indicate the rise of
cessfully reduced the number of attacks recently and continue
the tide in feet and inches. These lights are visible both from
to work on improving the safety and security of merchant ship-
the jetties and outside the outer bar.
ping. Most attacks occur at Chittagong anchorages and ap-
Contact Information.—See the table titled Chittagong—
7.21

proaches when ships prepare to anchor generally being the

Contact Information.
target of attack.
The port was reported to have the second highest number of
7.21

Chittagong—Contact Information piracy incidents in 2001. Armed attacks from small boats can
Port occur in Chittagong Anchorage or in the harbor. In addition,
vessels have reported a high incidence of theft of zinc anodes
Call sign Port Radio Control
from vessel hulls and rudders. Mariners are advised to keep a
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16 sharp lookout. Vessels are advised to report any piracy inci-
dents immediately to Port Radio Control on VHF channel 12.
Radio 2182 kHz
Details of current prevalence of reported piracy and armed
7.21

Telephone 880-31-252-2200 thru 2229 (switchboard) robbery for all regions may be found on the International
Facsimile 880-31-251-0889 Chamber of Commerce Commercial Crime Services web site

Pub. 173
230 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

(http://www.icc-ccs.org). The International Maritime Bureau

(IMB) has a maritime security hotline enabling mariners to re-
port information or suspicions about serious maritime crimes,
anonymously and confidentially, 24 hours a day to the IMB Pi-
racy Reporting Center.
A wreck with a swept depth of 6.3m, best seen on the chart,
7.21

lies 5 miles SW of the river entrance.

IMB Piracy Reporting Center—Contact Information

Telephone 603-2031-0014
E-mail imbsecurity@icc-ccs.org

International Fusion Center—Contact Information

65-6594-5728
Telephone
64-9626-8965
E-mail information_fusion_centre@defence.gov.sg
Web site http://www.ifc.org.sg

Merchant vessels operating in the area are strongly encour-

7.21

aged to report all cyberattack incidents and any interference on

radio frequencies, radars, GPS, and AIS to the International
Fusion Center (IFC). The IFC is a Regional Maritime Security
Center (MARSEC) hosted by the Singapore Navy with interna-
tional liaison officers from navies and law enforcement agen-
cies of over 20 countries.
Several dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie off Pat-
7.21

enga Point and within Anchorage Area A. There are numerous

changes to existing charting details and depths less than chart-
ed exist within Chittagong and its approaches. Many changes
to facilities have occurred within the river. For the latest infor-
mation, mariners should consult the local authorities. Five ad-
ditional dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 30 to 40
miles SSW of Patenga Point. Sangu Gas Platform
Sangu Gas Platform (22°01'N., 91°31'E.) is lighted and is
7.21
to 24 miles.
situated about 23 miles SW of Chittagong. A dangerous gas Kutudbia Island (21°51'N., 91°52'E.), which lies with its N
7.22

well head is situated about 2.5 miles NW of the platform. end about 1 mile SW of Cuckold Point, is low, flat, covered
A high pressure gas line extends from the platform to the
7.21
with trees, and is about 12 miles long. The island is visible for
shore about 2 miles N of Chittagong, as best seen on the chart. about 8 miles.
Kutubdia Island has been reported to be a good radar target
7.22

Bangladesh—Norman’s Point to Elephant Point up to 16 miles.

Kutudbia Island Light has been reported to have a radiobeacon
7.22

7.22 The Chittagong Coast from the entrance of the Karna- and a racon.
phuli River extends about 66 miles S and SSE to Elephant Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 12.8m,
7.22

Point. A group of islands, separated by shallow channels, lie with Kutubdia Island Light bearing 068°, distant 1 mile. The
about midway between the river and the point. anchorage is fairly well protected, but the currents are strong.
Between Norman’s Point and the N point of the Sangu River,
7.22
Approach to this anchorage should be made from N of Dolphin
about 5.5 miles SSE, the low coast is wooded and marked in Shoal.
places by small sand hills. A channel, about 30 miles long in a N-S direction, lies be-
7.22

The N entrance point of the river is marked by low sand hills

7.22
tween Kutubdia Island, Maiskhal Island, and Sonadia Island on
and a clump of trees. The river is entered about 3 miles S of the E and Dolphin Shoal, North Patches, and South Patches on
this point, but is available only to large native boats. the W. Depths in the channel range from 10 to 31.1m. Tidal
South of the mouth of the Sangu River the coast is low,
7.22
currents set through this channel at a high velocity and it
wooded, and marked by low sand hills. About 7 miles S of the should not be attempted without local knowledge.
Sangu River, the coast recedes at Cuckold Point. A drying mud Maiskhal Island (21°37'N., 91°56'E.) lies SE of Kutubdia
flat extends up to 2 miles offshore along this section of coast. Island, Matarbari Island lies in between them.
Cuckold Point has been reported to be a good radar target up
7.22

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 231

7.23 Matarbari (21°42'N., 91°52'E.) lies on the W side of ali River. This river discharges into Maiskhal Channel about
Matabari Island at the S entrance to Kutubdia Channel. The 1.5 miles N of the town. Cox’s Bluff, about 0.5 mile S of the
port was originally built for the Matarbari power plant, but is town, rises steeply to an elevation of 48m. Twin casuarina
now being developed into a deep-water port. Works are in trees, both conspicuous, lie almost 0.5 mile NE of Cox’s Bluff.
progress (2021) to develop a deep-ea port to reduce pressure on Cox’s Bazar Light is shown from a gray, metal framework tow-
the port of Chittagong. er on a white concrete building on Cox’s Bluff; the light struc-
Depths—Limitations.—The port lies within the Chatto-
7.23 ture is topped by a conspicuous orange dome, and is fitted with
gram port limits. The approach channel is subject to frequent a racon.
changes; mariners should refer to the notes regarding depths on A spit, which dries in patches, extends about 2.8 miles W
7.25

the chart and contact local authorities for details. Navigation and 3.5 miles WNW from Cox’s Bluff. The sea breaks heavily
between Elephant Point and the N end of Kutubdia Island can over this spit, especially during the flood tide.
be conducted in depths from 10-20m. However, N of Kutubdia The principal channel leading into Maiskhal Channel lies be-
7.25

Island all routes lie inshore of the 10m depth contour, except tween the spits extending from Cox’s Bluff and S from Sonadia
for a narrow channel about 2 miles offshore stretching between Island over a shifting bar about 3 miles W of Cox’s Bluff. In
the vicinity of the N end of the Kutubdia Channel and the 1960, there was a least depth of 2.1m in this channel.
mouth of the Sangu River. Another channel crosses the spit extending S from Sonadia
7.25

Breakwaters, a 300m long multipurpose terminal, and a

7.23 Island, but the depths are shallow.
460m long container terminal are being constructed and are There are usually heavy rollers off the entrances of both
7.25

due for completion in 2026. channels and the bars break occasionally. Depths in these chan-
The harbor and entrance channel are planned to accept ves-
7.23 nels are subject to rapid changes.
sels with a maximum draft of 16m. A shoal, composed of sand and mud with depths of less than
7.25

Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board 5 miles SSE

7.23 1.8m and which dries in places, lies on the NW side of the fair-
of the port in the vicinity of position 21°38'N, 91°49.7'E. way of Maiskhal Channel about 0.5 mile S of Hamidardia Is-
Anchorage.—An outer anchorage for vessels bound for ter-
7.23 land (21°30'N., 91°57'E.).
minals at Matarbari may anchor in the designated anchorage The Baghkhali River, which enters Maiskhal Channel about
7.25

area 33 miles SSE of the port. 1.5 miles S of the E end of Hamidardia Island, is narrow and
Caution.—Entry is prohibited into an area with a radius of
7.23 shallow and dries in places.
500m radius surrounding an SPM located 4.5 miles ESE of Deep-draft vessels can anchor S of the entrance of the main
7.25

Matarbari Island. channel, in a depth of 9.1m, sand and mud, with Cox’s Bluff
bearing 055°, distant 3 miles. Light-draft vessels can anchor, in
7.24 Kutubdia Channel (21°44'N., 91°52'E.), a narrow a depth of about 5.5m, sand and mud, with Cox’s Bluff bearing
passage with depths of 4.3 to 11m, lies between Kutubdia Is- 043°, distant about 2.3 miles. Caution is necessary as a subma-
land and the mainland. Channel depths are subject to rapid rine cable lies close SSE of the anchorages.
changes and cannot be relied on. Vessels capable of crossing the bar can anchor off the mouth
7.25

Maiskhal Island is marked by a range of hills about 91.4m

7.24 of the Baghkhali River in Maiskhal Channel, in depths of 9.1 to
high near its central part. Garamchari Hill is not distinctive as 18.3m, mud.
the range is of uniform height. Low hills lie along most of the Reliable pilots are not available and the bar and channel
7.25

E side of the island, whereas, the other sides are low. Maiskhal should be examined and buoyed before entering, because they
Bluff, 61m high and conspicuous, lies near the SE extremity of are subject to change during the monsoon. The best time to enter
the island. A marshy flat extends up to 3 miles offshore S of the is at about half flood when the breakers will mark the edges of
Matarbari Channel entrance. the shoals.
Sonadia Island (21°29'N., 91°53'E.), about 2 miles SSW of
7.24 The coast between Cox’s Bazar and Elephant Point, about
7.25

Maiskhal Island, is marked by low white sand hills. A flat, 15.5 miles SSE of Cox’s Bluff, is backed by low hills.
which dries in places, extends about 3 miles from the island. Red cliffs, about 61m high, line the coast from 3.5 to 6.5
7.25

With a flood current the sea breaks heavily over this flat. miles SSE of Cox’s Bluff. South Cliff, the S cliff, is 82m high.
Lattadia Island (21°35'N., 91°51'E.), which dries 1.5m, lies
7.24 From offshore these cliffs appear white when the sun is shining
about in the middle of the marshy flat which fronts the W side on them, and on a clear day they may be visible up to 20 miles.
of Maiskhal Island. These cliffs are a good landmark for vessels approaching Chit-
Maiskhal Channel (21°30'N., 91°59'E.), which lies between
7.24 tagong from the S.
the E side of Maiskhal Island and the mainland, is narrow with Wayla Taung rises to a height of 413m about 11 miles ENE
7.25

rapidly changing depths. This channel should not be attempted. of Elephant Point.
Rupadia Sands (21°27'N., 91°57'E.), bare in places with
7.24

shallow depths elsewhere, extend up to 2.3 miles S of the SE Burma—Elephant Point to Thames Point
end of Sonadia Island. These sands lie on the W side of the en-
trance of Maiskhal Channel. 7.26 Cape Negrais lies about 333 miles SSE of Elephant
Point. The intervening coast is irregular and broken by the ma-
7.25 Cox’s Bazar (21°27'N., 91°58'E.), which consists of a ny rivers which discharge their waters into the E side of the
small town and export center, lies about 4 miles S of the SE ex- Bay of Bengal. Hills and mountain ranges back the coast at
tremity of Maiskhal Island. The town lies on a low range of varying distances inland, generally lying parallel to the coast in
sand hills on the mainland and on the SW bank of the Baghkh- a N-S direction. Mayu and Arakan Yoma are the principal

Pub. 173
232 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

mountain ranges. Ramree Island and Cheduba Island, the larg- WSW of Thames Point on the W side of Ramree Island. The
est islands along this section of coast, lie about midway be- 35m curve lies within 10 miles of the W side of the NW ex-
tween Elephant Point and Cape Negrais. Combermere Bay and tremity of Ramree Island and about 16 miles WSW of the en-
Hunters Bay indent the coast N of Ramree Island. Sittwe (Aky- trance of the Kaladan River.
ab) is the most important port, although Kyaukpyu is of some The 18m curve lies about 7 miles W of Elephant Point and 3
7.26

importance. miles W of the W side of Ramree Island. Southwest of the en-

Winds—Weather.—The weather and climate of Burma is
7.26 trance of the Kaladan River, the 18m curve is defined in an ir-
primarily influenced and determined by the Northeast Monsoon regular pattern lying between 15 and 7 miles off the entrance.
and the Southwest Monsoon and the short transitional periods Southeast of the entrance of the Kaladan River, the 18m curve
between them. The year is divided into four seasons, referred to lies near the shore in the proximity of the W side of Myengun
as the Northeast Monsoon (winter monsoon, cool or dry season), Kyun (West Boronga Island) and Boronga Point, the island’s S
the spring transitional or hot season, the Southwest Monsoon extremity.
(summer monsoon, wet or rainy season), and the autumn transi- Between Boronga Point and Ramree Island, depths within
7.26

tional season. the outer 36.6m curve W of Combermere Bay and in the ap-
The Northeast Monsoon, December through March, is
7.26 proach to Kyaukpyu Harbor are irregular.
marked by fine weather with very little rainfall. Numerous islands, reefs, rocks, and shoals lie seaward of the
7.26

The hot season, April and May, is an interim period of weak

7.26 coast up to 16 miles offshore between Elephant Point and
and variable winds prior to the Southwest Monsoon. Increases Thames Point.
in rainfall in April and May do not equal the amounts of rain- Shore dangers which lie within the 9.1 and 11m curves are
7.26

fall during June through August; this results in greater heating described under the principal description of that section of
of the air masses. coast which they front. Many dangerous wrecks, best seen on
The Southwest Monsoon, June through September, is character-
7.26 the chart, lie off the coast near the 30m and 50m curves.
ized by cloudiness, overcast skies, light rain almost daily, inter- Mud volcanoes occasionally rise from the sea off the coast
7.26

spersed with rain squalls or thunderstorms accompanied by between the entrance of the Kaladan River and Cheduba Is-
torrential downpours. Restricted visibility, high humidity, and gen- land. Many of these exist only temporarily and disappear, leav-
eral adverse weather conditions are associated with the Southwest ing a shoal. Mariners should keep a constant and careful
Monsoon. lookout, as it is not possible to keep their existence charted.
The autumn transitional season, a period of weak and variable
7.26

winds with land and sea breezes prevailing, occurs in early Octo- 7.27 The St. Martins Islands (20°37'N., 92°20'E.), a
ber after the withdrawal of the Southwest Monsoon and before group of one island and two islets, lie between 5.5 and 9 miles
the cooler, drier weather of the Northeast Monsoon is estab- SSW of Shahpuri Point, the N entrance point of the Naf River.
lished in late November. North Tall Trees, a group of casuarinas, lie at the N end of the
Tropical storms with destructive winds occasionally affect
7.26 large island and a similar clump of trees lie near the S end.
the coastal regions N of 15°00'N. Sunken dangers extend up to 1 mile offshore along the W side
Tropical cyclones, which develop in the Bay of Bengal, occur
7.26 of the island. Depths between the St. Martins Islands and the
most frequently during the transitional season. The Arakan mainland are less than 9.1m. St. Martins Island Light is shown
Coast of Burma is more likely to be struck by a cyclone during from a gray metal framework tower on a white concrete build-
the autumn transitional season than at any other time, but rarely ing near the N end of the island. Red and white daymarks are
is the Gulf of Martaban affected. During the hot season some fixed to the top of the light structure which is also fitted with a
tropical cyclones cross the coast of the Gulf of Martaban. racon.
Tides—Currents.—The monsoon winds affect and influ-
7.26 Anchorage.—Sheltered anchorage can be taken about 0.5
7.27

ence the surface currents. To a great extent the currents are mile E of the N end of the large island, in a depth of 7.3m,
variable and at the height of each monsoon, currents may good holding ground. In the approach to the anchorage, the
sometimes be met setting in the opposite to the monsoon cur- best water lies E and S of the St. Martins Islands.
rent, or in general in any direction. The currents are still more Caution.—The Burma marine nature reserve and prohibited
7.27

variable during the transition periods of the monsoons. The area boundary, best seen on the chart, surrounds the St. Martins
Northeast Monsoon tends to produce a seasonal current setting Islands and St. Martins Reef. For further details, contact the
to the W; the Southwest Monsoon a similar current setting to Bangladesh Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate
the E in the open waters of the Bay of Bengal. Change. Several wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 30 miles
Tidal currents along the Chittagong Coast S of Elephant
7.26 NW of St. Martins Islands.
Point set parallel with the coast, with the flood setting N and
the ebb setting S. 7.28 St. Martins Reef (20°37'N., 92°13'E.), a 4 mile long
Tidal currents along the Arakan Coast set N on the flood and
7.26 ridge of sunken rocks, lies about 10 miles WSW of Shahpuri
S on the ebb; they are greatly influenced by the immense vol- Point. A rock, awash, lies on the S part of the reef. Depths else-
ume of tidal backwater. Local in drafts of the current are strong where on the reef range from 0.9 to 10.5m. The sea breaks over
during the flood and the outset is small during the ebb. the reef in heavy weather or with a S swell.
Depths—Limitations.—The 35m curve is not defined off
7.26 North Delay Shoal (20°30'N., 92°15'E.), a small patch of
7.28

the coast between Elephant Point and a position about 18 miles hard ground with a least depth of 6.9m, lies about 6.5 miles
WSW of the entrance of the Mayu River. From the above posi- SW of the S extremity of the St. Martins Islands.
tion, the 35m curve extends SE to a position about 18 miles South Delay Shoal (20°28'N., 92°15'E.), with a least depth
7.28

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 233

of 9.7m, lies about 2 miles S of North Delay Shoal. This shoal about 3.3 miles NNW of North Terrible. Less water than chart-
should not be crossed because lesser depths may exist. ed may exist in this area.
Sitaparokia Patches (20°32'N., 92°26'E.), a group of shoal
7.28 A shoal, with a depth of 7.8m, lies about 4.5 miles SW of North
7.29

patches with depths of 2.7 to 9.1m, lies centered about 5.3 Terrible. This shoal, which is the remains of a mud volcano, was
miles SE of the southernmost St. Martins Islands. marked by discolored water and should be avoided.
Asirgarh Shoal (20°28'N., 92°28'E.), small and rocky with a
7.28

depth of less than 1.8m, lies about 6.5 miles SW of Sitap- 7.30 Irrawaddy Rock (19°25'N., 93°23'E.), which dries
arokia (20°33'N., 92°32'E.) which is on the mainland. During 0.6m, lies about midway between Middle Terrible and Saddle Is-
heavy weather and at LW, the sea breaks over this shoal. A de- land. Depths within a 0.5 mile radius of this rock are less than
tached 9.8m patch lies about 1.5 miles WNW of Asirgarh 11m. The rock is hard to make out with a smooth sea. A breaking
Shoal. shoal lies about 0.3 mile ENE of Irrawaddy Rock. A mud volcano
Oyster Island (20°12'N., 92°32'E.), low, sandy, and almost
7.28 was observed about 3.8 miles S of Irrawaddy Rock.
devoid of vegetation, lies about 12.5 miles WSW of Foul Point. Research Rock, a sunken reef with depths of 1.8 to 8.2m, lies
7.30

This island lies on the E side of a rocky ledge from which foul about 3 miles SSW of West Point(19°22'N., 93°28'E.) on the
ground extends about 1.5 miles NNW and 3.5 miles SE. NW extremity of Ramree Island.
A flagstaff, Mayu Light, some buildings, and low trees lie on
7.28 Elephant Point (21°11'N., 92°03'E.), about 9.5 miles S of
7.30

the NE side of the island. A stranded wreck lies in shoal water South Cliff, is backed by Elephant Point summit, a conspicu-
about 2 miles SSE of Oyster Island. A dangerous wreck lies ous 124m high hill, visible on a clear day for about 20 miles.
about 6 miles NNE of Mayu Light. Stranded wrecks lie 13 miles WNW and 9 miles SW of the
Taylor Shoal (20°15'N., 92°25'E.), with a least depth of
7.28 point.
7.8m, lies about 8 miles WNW of Oyster Island. Vessels Elephant Point has been reported to be a good radar target up
7.30

should avoid this shoal because lesser depths than charted may to 35 miles.
exist. The coast between Elephant Point and the entrance of the
7.30

Oyster Reef (20°05'N., 92°39'E.), about 1.8 miles in extent,

7.28 Naf River, about 33 miles SSE, is formed by the W side of the
lies centered about 9 miles SE of Oyster Island. The least Naf Peninsula. The peninsula terminates to the S in Shahpuri
charted depth is 1.8m, but lesser depths have been reported to Island, which is low, flat, and covered with jungle growth.
exist. A heavy sea breaks over this reef during bad weather or Shahpuri Point, the S extremity of the island, is the NW en-
when a swell sets in. trance point of the Naf River.
The red can buoy moored about 1.8 miles S of Oyster Reef is
7.28 Taungyo Hill (21°04'N., 92°12'E.), 267m high and the high-
7.30

withdrawn from May 1 to November 1. est peak on the Naf Peninsula, lies about 11 miles SE of Ele-
phant Point. A conspicuous peak, 253m high, lies about 9
7.29 Heckford Patch (19°57'N., 92°44'E.), with a least miles farther SSE.
depth of 9.7m, lies about 18.5 miles SE of Oyster Island. Ves- East of the Naf Peninsula the Mayu Range rises to heights of
7.30

sels should not attempt to cross this danger. Laule Taung 332 to 670m. Wetkyein Taung, 460m high, rises at the N end of
(20°01'N., 92°57'E.), bearing 080°, leads N of, and bearing the Mayu Range, about 19 miles E of Elephant Point.
060°, S of Heckford Patch.
A patch of discolored water was reported to exist about 8
7.29 7.31 Shahpuri Flat (20°43'N., 92°18'E.), composed of
miles SW of Boronga Point (19°49'N., 93°02'E.). A depth of mud and sand with depths of 5.5m and less, extends S from the
16.5m, whose existence is doubtful, was reported to exist about shore about 9 miles NNW of Shahpuri Point to a position about
13.5 miles SW of the same point. 5 miles SW of the point. A heavy breaking sea usually exists
Shoal water and breakers have been reported in an area 8 to 9
7.29 over this flat in depths of 3.7m and less.
miles S of Boronga Point. A mud volcano was reported to have The Naf River (20°43'N., 92°22'E.) is entered between
7.31

existed in this area. Shahpuri Point and Cypress Point, about 1.5 miles to the SE.
The Terribles (19°24'N., 93°17'E.), three groups of rocks,
7.29 The entrance can be identified by the high trees which lie in the
lie on the S side of the W approach to Kyaukpyu Harbor, be- vicinity of the entrance points.
tween 8 miles WNW and 10.5 miles WSW of Saddle Island The tidal currents set across the approach to the bar, with the
7.31

(19°26'N., 93°27'E.). flood setting to the N and the ebb to the S, at velocities of 0.8 to
North Terrible (19°27'N., 93°16'E.), 3.7m high, is the N
7.29 1 knot at spring tides. The tidal currents run mainly fair in Pat-
rock of the group. Drying rocks lie within 1.8 miles N and a ricks Gut. In the Naf River, the tidal current runs full at veloci-
rock, awash, lies about 0.5 mile S of it. ties up to 4 knots. There is little or no river current.
Middle Terrible, 4.3m high, lies about 1.3 miles SW of North
7.29 Cypress Sands (20°40'N., 92°18'E.) consist of a number of
7.31

Terrible. Isolated drying rocks lie 1.5 miles WNW and 1 mile shallow ridges, some of which dry, which lie on the flat extend-
SSW of Middle Terrible. ing about 4 miles SW from Cypress Point. Depths are less than
South Terrible (19°23'N., 93°16'E.), almost 3 miles SSW of
7.29 3.7m. Their location is marked by breakers.
Middle Terrible, consists of several low rocks, the highest be- The bar which obstructs the river entrance lies between
7.31

ing 3.7m. Shahpuri Flat and Cypress Sands.

South Rock, which dries 1.8m, lies about 1.5 miles S of
7.29 In 1960, the least charted depth over the Shahpuri Flat part
7.31

South Terrible. The sea breaks between South Rock and South of the bar N and NW of Cypress Sands was about 3.2m. The
Terrible. least depth in Patricks Gut and in the deepest channel between
Volcanic disturbances have been reported to have occurred
7.29 the ridges of Cypress Sands was about 2.4m at MLWS

Pub. 173
234 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

In 1960, charted depths of 5.5 to 14.6m existed up to 12

7.31 The tidal currents within the river attain a velocity of 3.5
7.32

miles above the entrance of the Naf River. In 1966, it was re- knots at springs.
ported that considerable shoaling had taken place within the The bar obstructing the river entrance has a least depth of
7.32

river. 5.8m and lies between North Spit and South Spit, about 4.5
Two buoyed channels lead across the bar to the river entrance.
7.31 miles SW of Mayu Point.
The SE channel leads in a N direction through Patricks Gut and Dangers on the NW side of the entrance include North Spit,
7.32

then through Cypress Sands. The NW channel leads in an E di- Martini Sands, and Burne Rocks. Between Foul Point and
rection and lies N of the St. Martins Islands and Cypress Sands. Burne Rocks, about 1.5 miles to the S, there are numerous
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 8.2m, off Maungdaw,
7.31 patches and rocks which dry from 0.6 to 2.4m.
about 7 miles above the entrance of the Naf River.
Vessels should approach the entrance of the SE channel (Pat-
7.31 7.33 Burne Rocks (20°15'N., 92°45'E.), one of which is
ricks Gut) by passing S and E of the St. Martins Islands. Patricks above-water, with the rest drying in places. Two small islets lie
Gut, close S of Cypress Sands, is sheltered from the swell and between these rocks and Foul Point.
passage should be possible during the Southwest Monsoon. The Martini Sands (20°13'N., 92°44'E.), which extend about 3
7.33

approach to the entrance of the NW channel should be made miles S and SSW from Burne Rocks, are subject to constant
from the NW, passing N of St. Martins Reef and the St. Martins change and are marked by breakers.
Islands. A mid-channel course should be steered in the river. On the SE side of the entrance, a flat with depths of 5.5m
7.33

Local knowledge or the services of a pilot is essential to en-

7.31 and less, extends about 4 miles SW from Mayu Point. Mayu
ter the river. Spit lies on the inner part of this flat; South Spit lies on its out-
Between Cypress Point and Foul Point, about 34 miles SE,
7.31 er edge.
the numerous sharp peaks of the Mayu Range back this section Depths inside the bar increase from 5.8m to over 9.1m and
7.33

of coast from 1 to 6 miles inland. Fakirmura Hill, 133m high increase to depths of 16.5 to 20.1m W of Mayu Point.
and conspicuous, lies at the SE end of this range about 3 miles The E channel within the river E of Kazidiya Kyun and the
7.33

NW of Foul Point. shoal extending S from that island had a least depth of 5.5m in
past years. The channel W of the island and the shoal had a
7.32 Mount Todd (20°23'N., 92°42'E.), 338m high, lies least depth of 5.8m.
about 4.3 miles NNW of Fakirmura Hill, and when seen from The E channel is obstructed by fishing stakes, but it is easier
7.33

the W appears flat-topped and slightly higher than the peaks on to navigate. The entrance of the W channel is narrower and
either side. When viewed from the S, it appears as a conspicu- dangerous.
ous sharp peak. Depths of 9.1 to 12.8m lie in the fairway of the Kywede Riv-
7.33

Agandu Hill, 192m high with a pagoda on its summit, lies 7

7.32 er up to 4 miles above its entrance.
miles ENE of Fakirmura Hill. Pimple Hill, 107m high, lies It has been reported that considerable shoaling has taken
7.33

about 1.5 miles SE of Agandu Hill. place in the E channel within the Mayu River NE of Foul Point
Bengara Hill, 414m high, rises about 19 miles NE of Fakir-
7.32 and at the junction of that river and the Kywede River.
mura Hill. This conspicuous hill, when open S of the latter hill, Good anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11 to 18.3m, in
7.33

is easily identified. the fairway E of Burne Rocks. Anchorage can also be taken in
Sitaparokia (20°33'N., 92°32'E.), a small conical hill 65m
7.32 the channel which lies between Foul Point and the shoal about
high, with the ruins of a temple on its summit, lies on a point 1.3 miles to the E.
13 miles SE of Cypress Point. A conspicuous rock, 36.6m high Anchorage can also be taken in the Mayu River abreast of
7.33

and shaped like a chair, lies about 183m offshore 0.5 mile NW the town of Rathedaung, about 12 miles N of Foul Point or in a
of Sitaparokia. A rock, with a least depth of 3m, lies about 1.8 position about 2.3 miles S of the town.
miles offshore and almost 2 miles S of Sitaparokia. A distant bluff, in line bearing 001° with a wooden pagoda
7.33

A flat, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends from a position

7.32 atop an 82m elevation, leads across the bar between North Spit
close offshore, about 8 miles NW of Foul Point, to a position and South Spit. The pagoda, which is difficult to make out, lies
about 7.5 miles SSW of the point where it terminates in North almost 0.8 mile E of Fakirmura Hill. When Bengara Peak is in
Spit. line bearing 032° with Pimple Hill, this course should be
The Mayu River (20°13'N., 92°45'E.) is entered between
7.32 steered until Mayu Point bears 158°. Course should then be al-
Foul Point and Mayu Point, about 3.5 miles SSE. The river has tered to the N so as to pass about 0.8 mile E of Burne Rocks.
been surveyed for a distance of about 13 miles above Foul Fakir Point (20°07'N., 92°54'E.), on the NW side of the en-
7.33

Point and flows almost due S. A long narrow shoal, with trance of the Kaladan River about 10 miles SE of Mayu Point,
depths of less than 1.8m and which dries in places, divides the is described in paragraph 7.33.
river into two channels. This shoal extends from 1.5 miles The entrance of the Kaladan River lies between Fakir Point
7.33

NNE to almost 9 miles N of Foul Point. Kazidiya Kyun, an is- and Savage Island, about 1.5 miles to the S.
land covered by mangroves, lies at the N end of the shoal with
a drying spit extending almost 3 miles S from it. About 4 miles Sittwe Harbor (Akyab Harbor) (20°08'N.,
N of Mayu Point, the Kywede River, flowing from the E, joins 92°54'E.)
the Mayu River within its entrance.
The tidal currents at the bar have a velocity of about 2.5
7.32 World Port Index No. 49620
knots at springs and 1.5 knots at neaps. The flood sets NNE
and the ebb in the opposite direction. 7.34 Sittwe Harbor, the chief port and administrative cen-

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 235

ter of the Arakan Division of Burma, lies on the W bank of the tween the mainland N of Fakir Point and the SW end of Flat Is-
Kaladan River, close N of Fakir Point and is the oldest rice ex- land Spit. Stranded wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie in the
porting center in the country. The harbor area has been report- vicinity of Inner Bar. In 1976, the bar had a least depth of
ed to be a good radar target up to 17 miles. 4.9m. Silting is a problem because of inadequate dredging fa-
Vessels anchor to work cargo from barges or berth at the
7.34 cilities.
main wharf abreast of the city. Sittwe Harbor is a first port of North of the Main Wharf, which lies in the inner harbor
7.34

entry. about 1.8 miles N of Fakir Point, channel depths range from
Winds—Weather.—The Southwest Monsoon begins early
7.34 6.1 to 9.1m.
in May and lasts until the end of October, during which period Main Wharf, about 1.5 miles N of Fakir Point, consists of a
7.34

the rainfall is so heavy as to almost inundate the country. The T-head pier with a berthing length of 98.8m across the outer
rivers become swollen at this time. Vessels do not normally face. The main wharf can accommodate vessels up to 99m in
load in Sittwe during this period. length and up to 4.9m draft at the T-head pier.
The Northeast Monsoon, from November to April, is very
7.34 Supplemental berthing facilities consist of the Naval Pier at
7.34

dry. During the winter months, thick fog may be expected with Fakir Point; Stone Pier, about 0.3 mile S of Main Wharf; and
the flood tide. the oil pier, about 1.5 miles N of Main Wharf.
Tides—Currents.—Tides in the entrance of the Kaladan
7.34 A tanker berth, 152.4m long, lies about 1 mile S of Main
7.34

River and at Sittwe are semidiurnal. The tide rises and falls Wharf. A pipeline extends to the shore from this berth.
quickly with slack water lasting about 1 hour during springs Five vessels moored to their own two anchors can be loaded
7.34

and from 2 to 3 hours during neaps. simultaneously to drafts of 6.4m in the inner harbor.
During the rainy season, the mean level of the Kaladan River
7.34 Vessels moved from the inner harbor to the outer harbor can
7.34

rises about 0.6m. be loaded to a draft of 7.9m.

The tidal currents are regular and rapid at springs; overfalls
7.34 Horseshoe Shoal (20°05'N., 92°51'E.), a large body of shoal
7.34

form on the ebb running between Fakir Reef and Passage water with depths of 5.5m and less, extends about 5 miles SE
Rock. The velocity at springs on the outer bar is from 0.8 to 2 from Fakir Point and then about 3.8 miles E, as a narrow tail
knots, but between Fakir Point and Passage Rock the velocity about 1 mile wide. During the Southwest Monsoon, the sea
is 3 to 4 knots, and during the Southwest Monsoon as much as breaks heavily over the outer part of this shoal.
7 knots. During neaps, the tidal currents are very weak. Passage Rock, Savage Island, Peaked Rocks, and White Rocks
7.34

The tidal currents set directly across Fakir Reef, and a vessel
7.34 lie on the E side of the fairway between 1.5m and 2.5 miles S of
leaving an inner anchorage when the ebb current is running Fakir Point. Passage Rock, 4.3m high and the outermost danger, is
will be set towards the reef after passing Fakir Point. bordered by deep water on all except its E side. A disused light-
Vessels entering the harbor during the flood current, when in
7.34 house lies on the NW point of Savage Island.
the vicinity of White Rocks, require careful navigation as the Fakir Reef (20°06'N., 92°54'E.), topped by drying rocks, ex-
7.34

current sets directly towards the rocks. When leaving the harbor tends almost 0.5 mile SSE from Fakir Point.
on the ebb current, vessels should keep as close to White Rocks Saunders Shoal (20°07'N., 92°56'E.), a detached 5.5m
7.34

as practicable to prevent being set on Horseshoe Shoal. patch, lies in the fairway about 2 miles ENE of Fakir Point.
Flat Island (20°11'N., 92°58'E.), low and brush covered, lies
7.34

in the middle of the river about 5.3 miles NE of Fakir Point.

Paw Kyun, a similarly-covered island, lies close N of Flat Is-
land.
Flat Island Spit (20°10'N., 92°57'E.), an extensive mud
7.34

shoal which dries in places, extends about 4.3 miles SW from

the S side of Flat Island. The inner bar leading into Sittwe In-
ner Harbor lies between the SW end of this spit and the shoal
bank extending E from the mainland.
Aspect.—Fakir Point (20°07'N., 92°54'E.), the NW en-
7.34

trance point of the Kaladan River, is low and marked by two

conspicuous radio masts, a lookout tower, and a lighthouse.
The disused lighthouse on Savage Island, on the E side of the
fairway, is a useful landmark. A depth of 5.5m lies 0.8 mile
SSE of Fakir Point.
7.34 Sittwe Harbor—Main Wharf Myengun Kyun (20°00'N., 92°58'E.), a high densely-wood-
7.34

ed island about 17 miles long, lies S of the entrance of the Ka-

Depths—Limitations.—The outer bar lies between the W
7.34 ladan River about 2 miles SE of Fakir Point. Prain Daung, a
coast of Myengun Kyun, located SE of Fakir Point, and the high tableland located about 4 miles SSE of the N end of the is-
tongue-shaped spur of Horseshoe Shoal, which lies about 4 land, rises to a height of 293m. This tableland is conspicuous
miles S of Fakir Point. In 1984, the least depth over the bar was from seaward, except when viewed from the SSE, where it is
6.4m; with. During the Southwest Monsoon, vessels crossing obscured by a high mountain. The latter appears as a sharp
the outer bar should have 0.9 to 1.2m of water under their keels peak when viewed from the S, but as a saw-toothed ridge when
because of heavy swells. viewed from the W. It has no conspicuous summit. Two promi-
Inner Bar lies within the entrance of the Kaladan River, be-
7.34 nent hummocks, 106 and 137m high, lie near the N end of the

Pub. 173
236 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

island. the anchorage.

South Hummock, a conspicuous 73m high hill, lies near the
7.34

S end of Myengun Kyun. This hill is a good landmark when 7.35 Boronga Point (19°49'N., 93°02'E.), the S extremity
viewed from the W. of Myengun Kyun, has a narrow ledge of rocks extending
A conspicuous white pagoda stands on a low hill about 1.5
7.34 about 1 mile S from it. Some of these rocks dry.
miles N of Boronga Point, the S extremity of the island. Pago- The broken and irregular coasts between Boronga Point and
7.35

da Summit, 225m high, backs this low hill and the white pago- Ramree Island, about 35 miles SE, is deeply indented by Hunt-
da. ers Bay and Combermere Bay.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels.
7.34 Peinnechaung Kyun (19°57'N., 93°05'E.), a high and thick-
7.35

Licensed Burmese pilots are stationed at Fakir Point where

7.34 ly-wooded island, lies 1 to 6 miles E of Myengun Kyun and
the lookout tower is situated. Pilots board from a white launch, roughly parallel to it.
displaying the usual signals, about 4 miles S of Savage Island. Research Strait (19°58'N., 93°02'E.), which lies between
7.35

Port authorities must be notified 48 hours prior to a vessel’s

7.34 Myengun Kyun and Peinnechaung Kyun, provides sheltered
ETA. passage to small craft with local knowledge, especially during
In the event no pilots are available, a vessel should anchor
7.34 the Southwest Monsoon. The S end of the strait is deep, but
about 3.5 miles SSW of Hodge Point until one can be obtained. shoals rapidly toward the N end. A shoal, with a least depth of
Regulations.—As silting may have occurred, it is advisable
7.34 6.1m caused by a mud volcano, lies in the S part of the strait
to obtain information prior to anchoring. about 2.3 miles ENE of Boronga Point.
Vessels are prohibited from entering Sittwe Harbor between
7.34 A chain of small islands, rocks, and foul ground extends
7.35

sunset and sunrise. about 7 miles SSE from the S End of Peinnechaung Kyun.
Signals.—Storm and weather signals are displayed at Sitt-
7.34 Painaisa Island, 58m high, and Conspicuous Rock, 9.1m high,
we; the Indian Extended System is used. Further information are easily distinguished. Bingham Rock, which dries, lies at the
on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Di- S end of the chain.
rections (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Painaisa Island has been reported to be a good radar target up
7.35

Ocean under “India—Signals.” to 14 miles.

Anchorage.—Temporary anchorage can be taken outside
7.34 Ingrinchaing Kyun, inconspicuous from seaward, lies about
7.35

the outer bar, in depths of 12.8 to 14.6m, between 3.8 and 4 3.5 miles E of and parallel to Peinnechaung Kyun. Linlok
miles S of Savage Island. During the Southwest Monsoon, this Kyun, a small island 80m high, lies close SE of the S end of In-
anchorage may not be practicable. grinchaing Kyun. A chain of above and below-water obstruc-
When necessary, vessels can anchor in the outer harbor out-
7.34 tions extend about 4 miles SE from Linlok Kyun.
side of the inner bar. Good anchorage berths lie N of Saunders Hunters Bay (19°55'N., 93°19'E.), entered between Linlok
7.35

Shoal Buoy, in depths of 6.7 to 9.4m. The ebb tide, which runs at Kyun and Kyunthaya about 9 miles SE, is shallow over most of
a considerable rate in this vicinity, may cause vessels to drag its area and has no commercial value to ocean shipping.
their anchors. It is recommended that eight shots of chain be Kyunthaya (19°43'N., 93°27'E.), bold and high, rises to an
7.35

veered when anchoring anywhere within Fakir Point. elevation of 262m at its NW end, the most conspicuous part of
Cargo vessels usually anchor close offshore, in the inner har-
7.34 the island.
bor W of Flat Island Spit between the Main Wharf and Charug-
yea Chaung. Vessels drawing less than 5.5m can anchor abreast 7.36 Retkamauk Taung (19°48'N., 93°28'E.), a conspicuous
of the hospital, about 0.3 mile S of the Main Wharf. peak 480m high, lies about 4.5 miles NE of the NW end of Kyun-
Anchorage is prohibited in the area lying between the tanker
7.34 thaya. In clear weather, this peak is sometimes visible for 45 miles
berth and the shore. when viewed from the S.
Directions.—Deep-draft vessels approaching from the W
7.34 Combermere Bay (19°37'N., 93°29'E.) is entered between
7.36

during the Southwest Monsoon should steer 091° for Prain Kyunthaya and the N point of Nakhaungbauk Kyun, about 6.5
Daung on Myengun Kyun, which leads between Oyster Reef miles to the S. Nasapo Kyun, 111m high and conspicuous, lies
and Heckford Patch to the entrance range over the outer bar. about 2.3 miles SE of Kyunthaya. This wedge-shaped island
The beacon on White Rocks, in line bearing 350° with Sav-
7.34 makes a good landmark. Naungdaw Kyun, 1 mile E of Nasapo
age Island Light, leads over the outer bar. A course of 330° Kyun, attains an elevation of 256m in the conspicuous cone-
should be steered from a position about 1.3 miles S of the bea- shaped summit of Seppings Peak. The peak slopes gradually
con on White Rocks, which leads about 0.5 mile W of this bea- on its SE side.
con and about 0.3 mile W of Peaked Rocks. When W of Black Rocks (19°38'N., 93°29'E.), which dry 2.4m, lie in the
7.36

Savage Island, course should be altered to pass 0.3 mile NW of entrance of Combermere Bay about 2.8 miles SSW of the SE
Passage Rock and then a course of about 060° will pass about extremity of Kyunthaya.
0.3 mile SE of the buoy moored off Fakir Reef, which leads to Many islands, islets, and shoals lie within the entrance of
7.36

a position with Fakir Point Light bearing 315°, distant 1 mile. Combermere Bay. Only native craft attempt to enter it as a rule,
Course should then be altered to the N between Fakir Point and because of these dangers and intricate channels.
Saunders Shoal, and thence to the inner bar or to the anchorage Temporary open anchorage can be taken, in depths of 12.8 to
7.36

in outer harbor. 16.5m, mud with good holding ground, off the entrance of
The strong S and W set of the ebb tidal current must be al-
7.34 Combermere Bay.
lowed for; vessels should be well kept up after passing the A shoal, with depths of 9.1 to 11m, lies between 5 and 8
7.36

buoy off Fakir Reef and before turning toward the inner bar or miles NW of Nakhaungbauk Kyun.

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 237

7.37 Kyaukpyu Harbor (19°27'N., 93°34'E.) is situated Dickenson Channel, with depths of 14.6 to 20.1m, lies be-
7.38

between Tankharo Island, on the S side of Combermere Bay, tween Irrawaddy Rock and the foul ground which extends W
and the N side of the NW end of Ramree Island. The harbor from Saddle Island.
provides sheltered anchorage. The town of Kyaukpyu lies on Helen Passage (19°24'N., 93°27'E.), the channel between Sad-
7.38

the N shore of Ramree Island. Fletcher Hayes Strait leads E dle Island and Ramree Island, is unsafe because of the numerous
from the harbor, E of Ramree Island, and then SE to Ramree reefs and rocky patches which foul it. A close approach to Saddle
Harbor, about 32 miles distant. Only boats use this passage. Island should not be made from any direction.
The tides in Kyaukpyu Harbor are semidiurnal.
7.37 Cap Islet, 45m high and conspicuous, lies about 1.5 miles SE
7.38

The velocity of the tidal current ranges from 1 to 3 knots.

7.37 of the S end of Saddle Island. Knot Islet, about 1 mile NNE of
Seaward of Saddle Island, the flood sets N and the ebb sets S, Cap Islet, is low with some scrub growth. Both islets lie on an
frequently with considerable velocity. At neaps, the currents area of foul ground which extends about 1 mile WNW and 1.8
are very weak. Between the islands, the currents follow the di- miles NW from Adams Point (19°24'N., 93°29'E.) on Ramree
rections of the channels. Island.
The pilot boards about 4.4 miles NNE of North Terrible
7.37 Adams Point, the NW extremity of Ramree Island, is low
7.38

Rock Light (Thanta Light). An anchorage lies centered about and backed by a ridge of hills. Mount Peter, 101m high, lies
6.6 miles NW of the light, while a spoil ground area lies about about 0.5 mile E of Adams Point.
7.5 miles NE. The coast between Adams Point and Georgina Point, about 3
7.38

Tankharo Island (19°30'N., 93°32'E.), long, narrow, and

7.37 miles NE, and then to Dalhousie Point 2 miles farther E, is bor-
thickly wooded, lies about 1.5 miles SE of Nakhaungbauk dered by several beaches and rocky points.
Kyun and separates Combermere Bay from Kyaukpyu Harbor. The NW end of Ladies Ridge, about 0.8 mile long, lies with
7.38

Wood Harbor, a small inlet, lies close N of the NW end of its N edge about 0.5 mile S of Georgina Point. Conspicuous
Tankharo Island. from the W are some trees lying at an elevation of 66m, near
An extensive shoal area, with depths of 11m and less, ex-
7.37 the NW end of the ridge.
tends about 2.5 to 4.3 miles W from the N half of the Island. Bombay Shoal (19°26'N., 93°31'E.), a rocky foul area with
7.38

Kyaukpandu (19°29'N., 93°30'E.) lies about 2.3 miles SSW

7.37 a least depth of 2.7m, lies at the outer edge of an area of foul
of the NW extremity of Tankharo Island and is 25m high. The ground extending from the coast almost 0.8 mile NNW of
rock, conical-shaped and toped by two sharp points close to- Georgina Point. A detached 4.9m patch lies about 1 mile W
gether, occasionally has its seaward side white washed which and a similar patch lies about 0.8 mile E of Bombay Shoal.
makes an excellent mark. The S and W sides of the rock are
steep-to. 7.39 Reliance Shoal (19°27'N., 93°32'E.), a detached
North Shoal (19°28'N., 93°30'E.), a small rocky patch, part
7.37 patch with a least depth of 3m, lies about 1.3 miles NE of
of which dries, lies about 1.5 miles SSE of Kyaukpandu. Georgina Point.
Giles Bank (19°28'N., 93°27'E.), small in extent with a least Dalhousie Point, low and sandy, is well-marked by high
7.39

depth of 6.7m, lies about 2.8 miles WSW of Kyaukpandu and trees. The ruins of a fort and a large clump of coconut trees lie
is the outermost danger on the N side of the entrance of Kyauk- on the point. A small shoal, with a least depth of 4.9m, lies
pandu Harbor. about 0.5 mile SE of the point.
Sinbaikchaing and Ledaung Kyun, two small islands, lie
7.37 The N part of Ramree Island, which forms the S side of
7.39

close W of the N half of Tankharo Island. The N island is low, Kyaukpyu Harbor, is thickly wooded. A sandy beach, with a
whereas the S island is high. A small pagoda stands at the NW foreshore of mud which dries up to 0.3 mile offshore, lies on
end of a ridge of hills on the N island. the S side of the harbor between Dalhousie Point and the en-
Squadron Rocks, low and covered with scrub growth, lie
7.37 trance of Ngalapwe Creek, about 0.8 miles SE.
close off the SW end of Sinbaikchaing. Soundings in Ngalapwe Creek differ from charted depths. In
7.39

Laws Island (19°26'N., 93°37'E.), 158m high and covered

7.37 1964, there was a least depth of 4.8m in the channel leading to
with foliage, lies in the E part of Kyaukpyu Harbor, about 0.8 the piers within the creek. The least depth was found on the
mile SE of the S extremity of Tankharo Island. A shoal spit ex- alignment of the entrance range across the bar at the mouth of
tends about 1 mile W from the NW side of Laws Island. the creek.
Anchorage can be taken SE of Dalhousie Point, in depths of
7.39

7.38 Saddle Island (19°25'N., 93°27'E.), located on the S 16.5 to 18.3m, mud, with the pier bearing between 271° and
side of the entrance of Kyaukpyu Harbor, rises to two rounded 288°, 0.5 mile distant. Care should be taken to avoid the shoal
summits near its N end. This island lies about in the middle of and the wreck SE of Dalhousie Point. Strong eddies occur at
a narrow area of shoal ground about 2.8 miles long and 0.7 springs.
mile wide. A group of drying rocks lie on a shoal about 1.5 Vessels approaching from the W or NW should enter Kyauk-
7.39

miles S of the S end of Saddle Island. Bowman Passage lies be- pyu Harbor by steering 091° for Kyaukpandu and remain on that
tween this latter group of rocks and the foul ground extending course until North Terrible bears more than 212°. When North
S from Saddle Island. A detached 5.5m patch lies about in the Terrible bears more than 212°, or when the N extremity of Sad-
middle of the passage, 1.3 miles S of the S end of Saddle Is- dle Island bears 119°, course should be altered to 099° to enter
land. the harbor, steering for Laws Island Light and passing S of Giles
Dicey Shoal (19°27'N., 93°27'E.), over which the sea breaks
7.38 Bank and North Shoal and N of Dicey Shoal and Reliance Shoal.
heavily, lies at the N end of the foul ground extending N from Having passed Reliance Shoal, course may be shaped for the an-
Saddle Island. chorage SE of Dalhousie Point.

Pub. 173
238 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Vessels approaching from the S may pass E of the Terribles.

7.39 cinity of Cape Negrais.
The approach should be made with the summit of Nasapo Ramree Harbor, the Sandoway River, and Andrew Bay are of
7.41

Kyun (19°39'N., 93°33'E.) in line bearing 029° with the N some commercial importance.
point of Nakhaungbauk Kyun. When South Terrible bears Depths—Limitations.—Numerous small islands, rocks,
7.41

316°,course should be altered to 001° to pass about 2 miles W and shoals lie inside the 183m curve SE of Cheduba Island to a
of Irrawaddy Rock. When the summit of Nasapo Kyun bears position about 20 miles W of Bluff Cape.
040°, and is well open NW of Nakhaungbauk Kyun, it should Between Gwa Bay and Cape Negrais, numerous dangers also
7.41

be steered for on a course of 040° until Paungnetkyi Light lie off the coast within the 35m curve. St. John’s Rocks and the
bears 099°. The directions previously given should then be fol- Northwest Group of the Calventuras Islands lie outside the
lowed for entering the harbor. 35m curve.
Depths within the 18 and 35m curves along the coast be-
7.41

7.40 Kyaukpyu (19°25'N., 93°33'E.) (World Port Index tween Ramree Island and Cape Negrais are irregular for the
No. 49630), a small town and trading center, lies near the shore most part.
about 0.8 mile SE of Dalhousie Point. Major development of
the port is in progress (2013). 7.42 Nantha Kyun (18°04'N., 94°05'E.), an active mud
An anchorage area, best seen on the chart, for vessels await-
7.40 volcanic island 168m high, lies about 20 miles WNW of Bluff
ing the pilot, lies about 17 miles WNW of Kyaukpyu. The pilot Cape. The island is thickly wooded, but has a bare scar extend-
boards in position 19°30'N, 93°20'E. The track leads ESE ing from the crater to the water on its W side.
through an entrance channel marked by lighted buoys. Good anchorage can be taken, in depths of 14.6 to 18.3m,
7.42

An iron pier, about 0.2 mile SSE of Dalhousie Point, has a depth
7.40 sand and mud, about 1 mile N of the island. The dangers lying
of 3.7m alongside. A submarine pipeline has been laid between E of Nantha Kyun can be avoided by passing within 3 miles E
Shwe Gasfield (19°40'N., 92°35'E.) and the shore, about 0.8 mile of the island.
ESE of this pier. Brougham Shoal (18°09'N., 94°07'E.), rocky and danger-
7.42

A T-shaped pier, 78m length at its head with an alongside

7.40 ous, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies about 4.5 miles NNE of
depth of 3.7m, lies close SSE of Dalhousie Point. A smaller jetty Nantha Kyun. The sea usually breaks over this danger. De-
lies close SE. tached shoal patches, with depths of 11 to 16.5m, lie up to 2
Gadechy Harbor is part of a deep-water port under develop-
7.40 miles NE of the shoal.
ment (2017) about 9.5 miles SE of Kyaukpyu and includes the Carpenter Shoals (18°15'N., 94°02'E.) consist of two sepa-
7.42

Maday Island Oil Terminal. The terminal has a T-shaped pier ex- rate shoal areas, one with a least depth of 4.9m and the other
tended by mooring dolphins to a length of 465m. It is designed with a least depth of 6.7m. The shallowest patch lies about 10
for vessels up to 300,000 dwt. miles NNW of Nantha Kyun; the deepest patch lies about 3
Ramree Island (19°07'N., 93°47'E.) is about 43 miles long
7.40 miles WNW of the shallowest patch. Numerous coral heads
in a NW and SE direction and about 20 miles wide across its and shoal patches, with depths of 12.8 to 18.3m, lie within a ra-
center, the widest part of the island. dius of 6.5 miles of the E patch.
West Point (19°22'N., 93°28'E.), the W extremity of Ramree
7.40 New Shoal (18°05'N., 94°15'E.), a small rocky patch with a
7.42

Island, is located about 2 miles SSW of Adams Point. depth of 5.5m, lies about 8.8 miles ENE of Nantha Kyun.
The coast between West Point and Thames Point, about 15
7.40 Satellite Ledge (18°07'N., 94°18'E.), a coral shoal with a
7.42

miles SSE, has a rocky appearance and rises steeply to a range depth of 25.6m, lies about 12.5 miles ENE of Nantha Kyun.
of high hills. Outer Peak, North Paps, and Tree Summit are the Vestal Shoal (18°03'N., 94°13'E.), a small coral patch with a
7.42

most prominent summits of this range. All of these summits least depth of 1.5m, lies about 6.5 miles ESE of Nantha Kyun.
are easily identified when not obscured by the coastal range. Robinson Shoal, about 1.8 miles E of Vestal Shoal, has a least
All of the dangers along this section of coast are contained
7.40 depth of 1.2m coral. Breakers usually mark both shoals.
within the 9.1m curve, which nowhere lies more than 1 mile Investigator Ledge (18°01'N., 94°09'E.), a coral patch with
7.42

offshore. Research Rock, about 2.8 miles SSW of West Point, a least depth of 21.9m, lies about 3.5 miles SE of Nantha Kyun.
has been previously described in paragraph 7.29. William Shoal, a rocky patch with a least depth of 4.6m, lies
7.42

about 13 miles ESE of Nantha Kyun. A narrow shoal bank ex-

Burma—Thames Point to Cape Negrais tends about 5 miles WNW from William Shoal and has depths
of less than 36.6m.
7.41 Thames Point (19°09'N., 93°36'E.), a low-lying pro-
jection marked by some tall trees, is located on the W coast of 7.43 Thyne Bank (17°46'N., 94°19'E.), with a least depth
Ramree Island, about 12 miles NNW of the entrance of Chedu- of 27.4m, lies about 9.5 miles WNW of Abhay Island
ba Strait. (17°45'N., 94°29'E.). White Bank, with a least depth of 21.9m,
The coast S of Ramree Island to Cape Negrais is rocky, irreg-
7.41 lies about 5.3 miles WSW of the same island. Both banks are
ular, and indented by numerous small bays, none of which pro- of coral formation.
vide good shelter during the Southwest Monsoon. St. John’s Rocks (17°28'N., 94°20'E.), a group of four
7.43

From Andrew Bay to the S, the coastal land is hilly, mountain-

7.41 rocks, lie about 20 miles SSW of Abhay Island. The largest
ous, and marked by high peaks which are visible from seaward rock is 12.2m high and resembles a church when viewed from
and serve as useful landmarks. The Arakan Yoma Range rises the N.
from the mountainous country along the W edge of Burma. The Calventuras Islands (16°54'N., 94°16'E.) comprise the
7.43

South of Taungnela, the range is lower and terminates in the vi- Northwest Group, located about 10 miles W of Broken Point

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 239

(16°55'N., 94°23'E.) and the Southeast Group. North Island 7.45 Northeast side of Cheduba Strait.—Zikha Taung
and South Island lie 7 miles WSW and 8 miles SW, respective- (18°56'N., 93°51'E.), the highest peak on Ramree Island, rises
ly, of Broken Point. to a height of 305m about 10 miles ESE of Rocky Point. Dark
The highest island of the Northwest Group is 38m high. In
7.43 Hill, 79m high and wooded, lies near the shore about 2.8 miles
the Southeast Group, North Island is 39m high and South Is- E of Rocky Point. Helby Hummock, a small wooded hill about
land is 24m high. Their well-wooded summits form good land- 2.8 mile SSE of Dark Hill, shows up well from the NW. A
marks. 123m high dome-shaped hill lies near the coast, about 4 miles
Navigable channels lie between the Northwest Group and
7.43 NW of the S end of Ramree Island, and is a useful mark for
the Southeast Group, and between the latter group and the vessels entering the strait from the WNW.
mainland. The channel between North Island and South Island Shoal water, with depths of 5.5m and less, fronts the S coast
7.45

should not be attempted. A rock, which dries 2.1m, obstructs of Ramree Island at distances up to 1.3 miles between Rocky
the channel midway between the islands and two large rocks Point and Button Island, about 9 miles ESE. Between this is-
lie close N of South Island. land and the S extremity of Ramree Island, about 8.5 miles far-
Juanita Shoals (16°00'N., 93°40'E.), a coral bank with a
7.43 ther ESE, similar depths extend up to 0.8 mile offshore.
least depth of 29.3m, lies about 30 miles W of Cape Negrais. Middle Ground, an extensive shoal area with depths of 4.3 to
7.45

The coastal tides between Thames Point and Cape Negrais

7.43 5.5m, occupies about 0.7 mile of the channel to the E of the
are semidiurnal. recommended track through the strait between Sandy Point and
Tidal currents along the SW side of Cheduba Island follow
7.43 the S extremity of Ramree Island. Between Middle Ground and
the general trend of the coast. Between the SE end of Cheduba the coastal shoal to the W, the channel is about 1 mile wide and
Island and Ye Kyun there is a considerable indraft. During the has a least depth of 6.4m. The channel between Middle Ground
Northeast Monsoon, the current may set to the S. and the S coast of Ramree Island is about 0.3m mile wide with
The currents in the vicinity of the shoals, lying W of the
7.43 a least depth of 6.1m.
coast between Andrew Bay and Bluff Cape, are influenced and
affected by the monsoons and the tides, both in velocity and di- 7.46 Southwest side of Cheduba Strait.—The N coast of
rection. The current sets strongly across these shoals. Cheduba Island is generally low and fronted by foul ground;
The current between Gwa Bay and Cape Negrais sets with
7.43 above-water rocks lie on parts of this foul ground.
the direction of the coast, N or S according to the prevailing A patch, with a depth of 5.5m, lies about 3 miles SSW of
7.46

monsoon, and barely exceeds a velocity of 1 knot. Rocky Point and is the furthest west of a line of shoals which
Rocky Point (19°00'N., 93°41'E.), a low rocky reef-fringed
7.43 extends about 5 miles ESE. The shallowest patch has a least
projection marked by a white pole beacon, lies on the SE side depth of 2.4m. The recommended track passes N of these dan-
of Ramree Island, about 10 miles SSE of Thames Point. All of gers.
the known dangers along this section of coast lie within 1.5 A mud volcano shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about
7.46

miles of the shore. 1.8 miles NE of Sandy Point and close W of the recommended
track. Great caution must be exercised when navigating in this
Burma—Cheduba Strait vicinity.
The E coast of Cheduba Island is low for about 8 miles and
7.46

7.44 Cheduba Strait (18°58'N., 93°38'E.) lies between then becomes high as far S as the southernmost point of the is-
Ramree Island and Cheduba Island and is entered between land.
Rocky Point and Searle Point, the N extremity of Cheduba Is- On Chaung enters the sea about 2 miles S of Sandy Point,\
7.46

land. The strait is about 4.5 miles wide, but the navigable chan- and is marked by a white pagoda about 1 mile WNW of its en-
nel is much less because of the fringing dangers along the trance.
sides. A least charted depth of 6.4m exists along the recom- Cheduba Village lies about 0.8 mile within the creek en-
7.46

mended track leading through the strait. trance.

Beacon Island (18°56'N., 93°27'E.) lies near the outer end
7.44 The coastal bank, as defined by the 5.5m curve, extends from
7.46

of an extensive area of foul ground which extends about 10.5 1 to 6 miles offshore from the E side of Cheduba Island. Taik
miles W from Searle Point. This stony 9.1m high island is Kyun, 78m high with an even-rounded summit, lies near the out-
marked by a white stone beacon on its highest part. er edge of this shoal, about 10 miles SSE of Sandy Point.
Mud volcanoes frequently raise islets and shoals in the vicin-
7.44 Ywathit Taung and Taungni Taung, both on Cheduba Island,
7.46

ity of Cheduba Strait. These islets may disappear suddenly, and the high hills on Ramree Island will be visible to vessels
leaving dangerous shoals. approaching Cheduba Strait from the NW. Helby Hummock
Several volcanic shoals and islets were reported to lie be-
7.44 and Dark Hill are seen over the low ground of Rocky Point.
tween 4.8 and 8 miles NNW of Beacon Island. The dangers From a position about 5.5 miles W of Rocky Point with
7.46

break heavily during the Southwest Monsoon. Zikha Taung bearing 102° and Ywathit Taung bearing 170°,
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, good hold-
7.44 vessels should steer 109° on the recommended track indicated
ing ground, about 1.8 miles NE of Beacon Island, with the on the chart and toward the dome-shaped hill on Ramree Is-
lighthouse bearing about 215°, or in a depth of 11m with the land. When Dark Hill bears 338°, course should be altered to
lighthouse bearing 242°, distant 4.8 miles. Small vessels can 158°. If Dark Hill is kept bearing not more than 338° astern,
anchor, in a depth of 6.4m, mud and sand, about 1.5 miles NNE the mud volcano shoal NE of Sandy Point will be cleared to
of Searle Point. starboard. When 2 miles have been made on the 158° course, a
bare blunt conical hill will appear open W of Dark Hill.

Pub. 173
240 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

As the edge of the coastal bank E of Cheduba Island is fairly

7.46 lies about 5 miles SSE of Taung Kyun. The rocks are some-
steep-to in places, preference should be given to the E or Middle times visible at LW when the sea breaks over them. Taung
Ground side of the channel. When Taik Kyun bears 203°, Middle Kyun, bearing more than 338°, leads W of this danger.
Ground will have been cleared. From abeam of Taik Kyun, the Sail Rock (18°33'N., 93°51'E.), 2.4m high and small in ex-
7.48

bare blunt conical hill and Dark Hill will be just visible over the tent, lies almost 4.8 miles ESE of Taung Kyun. False Rock, 3m
horizon and will appear as a hill with twin summits. high, lies about 4.5 miles NNE of Sail Rock and is joined to it
by a chain of sunken rocks and reefs.
7.47 Cheduba Island (18°47'N., 93°38'E.), roughly trian- Heywood Channel (18°34'N., 93°49'E.) lies between Sail
7.48

gular in shape, lies about 5.8 miles SW of the SW side of Ram- Rock and False Rock, and the shoal ground extending E from
ree Island. The island is well-wooded and marked by several Taung Kyun and Ye Kyun. In the narrowest part of this channel
high hills on its W and SW sides. NW of False Rock, there is a least depth of 9.8m. Passage
Ywathit Taung (18°48'N., 93°37'E.), about 7 miles S of
7.47 through this channel is not recommended.
Searle Point, is 172m high and conspicuous. Taungni Taung,
196m high, lies about 2 miles farther S and has two pagodas on 7.49 Unguan Island (18°26'N., 93°55'E.), about 11 miles
its summit. Palengu Taung, 257m high, lies 7 miles SE of SE of Taung Kyun, is 40m high with a dense clump of trees on
Taungni Taung on the S part of Cheduba Island. its summit. This island lies on the W side of an area of foul
The N and E sides of the island have been previously de-
7.47 ground about 2 miles long and 1.3 miles wide. A detached
scribed in paragraph 7.44. West Hill, 186m high and wooded, 7.3m patch was reported to lie about 0.5 mile NW of Unguan
lies 7 miles SE of the NW point of the island. Island.
The high SW coast of Cheduba Island is bold and fronted by
7.47 East Reef (18°30'N., 93°56'E.), an area of foul ground
7.49

above and below-water rocks. which uncovers 1.2m, lies about 4 miles NNE of Unguan Is-
Henry Rocks (18°52'N., 93°27'E.), a group of above and be-
7.47 land. Shoal depths of 9.1m and less extend about 0.8 mile NE
low-water rocks, lie on a reef about 2.3 miles WSW of the NW from the reef.
point of Cheduba Island. The highest rock rises to a height of Cutters Patch (18°28'N., 93°54'E.), a detached 4.6m patch,
7.49

5.2m. lies about 2 miles NNW of Unguan Island.

Oyster Rock, above-water, lies about 1.8 miles SE of Henry
7.47 Childers Channel (18°30'N., 93°52'E.) lies between West
7.49

Rocks and has been reported to be a good radar target up to 22 Shoal, Sail Rock, and False Rock to the W and Unguan Island,
miles. Cutters Patch, and East Reef to the E. This channel, which has
A rock, awash at LW, lies about 1.3 miles offshore W of
7.47 a least depth of 16.5m, is recommended when West Shoal is
West Hill. breaking.
Pyramid Bay (18°41'N., 93°39'E.), located near the S end of
7.47 Nerbudda Shoal (18°22'N., 93°59'E.), irregular in shape
7.49

Cheduba Island, provides good anchorage to native craft with depths of 1.2 to 18.3m, lies centered about 5.3 miles SE of
during the Northeast Monsoon. A high pyramidal rock lies off Unguan Island. The channel between Unguan Island and Ner-
the entrance of this bay. budda Shoal is almost 3 miles wide at its narrowest part and
A reef, marked by numerous above-water rocks, extends up
7.47 has a least depth of 18.3m. This channel is frequently used be-
to 2 miles S from the S end of Cheduba Island. cause of the light on Unguan Island. A patch, with a depth of
1.2m which breaks, lies on the SW end of Nerbudda Shoal.
Burma—Islands and Approaches to Ramree This shoal is the remains of a volcanic eruption which occurred
Harbor in 1908.
Osprey Rocks (18°40'N., 94°05'E.), 2.4m high, lie within
7.49

7.48 Ye Kyun (18°37'N., 93°47'E.), Taung Kyun and nu- the coastal bank about 5.5 miles SE of Magyi Kyun (18°44'N.,
merous rocks lie on the foul ground which extends about 8 94°00'E.), an island on the E side of Ramree Roads.
miles SE from the S extremity of Cheduba Island. Gungasager Rocks, 0.9m high, lie at the SW end of a narrow
7.49

Ye Kyun lies near the edge of the foul ground about 3 miles
7.48 shoal about 4.8 miles SSE of Osprey Rocks. A detached area of
S of Taik Kyun. Ye Kyun, reef-fringed, is generally low, but foul ground, with depths of 6.7 to 7.9m, lies about 1.5 miles N
rises to an elevation of 32m in its central part. Several detached of Gungasager Rocks.
reefs lie between the two islands. Pantaw Rocks (18°40'N., 94°09'E.), a group of above and
7.49

Taung Kyun, 4.9m high, lies about 0.8 mile S of Ye Kyun.

7.48 below-water dangers, lie about 4 miles ENE of Osprey Rocks.
South Rock, which dries 2.4m, lies near the outer edge of the The N rock lies 0.6m high.
foul ground, about 0.5 mile S of Taung Kyun.
There is no clear passage between Cheduba Island and Ye
7.48 7.50 Ramree Harbor (19°00'N., 94°00'E.) comprises the
Kyun. Taung Kyun should not be approached within a distance estuary of the Kaleindaung River, which flows into the sea be-
of 2 miles from any direction. tween the S extremity of Ramree Island and the mainland to
Ramree Harbor lies between the SE side of Ramree Island and
7.48 the E.
the mainland. Ramree Roads and the entrance of the harbor are A group of islands obstructs and divides the harbor entrance
7.50

approached from the NW through Cheduba Strait and from the into two channels, the E and W entrances. The W or main en-
SW through Heywood Channel, Childers Channel, and the chan- trance channel is known as The Gates. Ramree Roads lie about
nel W of Nerbudda Shoal, all of which lie between numerous is- 5 miles SW of The Gates.
lands and dangers. The tides in Ramree Harbor are semidiurnal.
7.50

West Shoal (18°30'N., 93°50'E.), a group of sunken rocks,

7.48 In the harbor at springs, the flood sets N and the ebb sets S at
7.50

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 241

a velocity of 3 knots. The tidal current sets through The Gates is narrowed by mud banks.
in the direction of the channel at velocities of 3 to 4 knots.
Magyi Kyun (18°44'N., 94°00'E.), the S island in the ap-
7.50 7.52 Middle Bank (19°04'N., 93°59'E.) lies about 1 mile
proach to Ramree Harbor, lies about 6.3 miles SSE of the S ex- SW of an island located 3 miles E of the Ramree River en-
tremity of Ramree Island. This 80m high island is surrounded trance. This bank partly dries and has a group of rocks awash
by foul ground. Nyaungbin Kyun, a small islet, lies about 0.5 on its W side.
mile SW of Magyi Kyun and marks the SW edge of the foul Nepal Rock, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about C mile E
7.52

ground surrounding the latter island. A small islet lies about in of the Ramree River entrance. The rock is sometimes marked
the middle of the foul ground which extends about 1.5 miles W by a swirl.
from the W extremity of Magyi Kyun. Between Nepal Rock and the narrow entrance of the Min-
7.52

Sagu Kyun (18°48'N., 93°58'E.), 106m high near its SW

7.50 gaung Chaung, about 2 miles farther N, depths of 7.3 to 12.8m
side, is the largest island in the approach to Ramree Harbor and exist in the fairway.
forms the S side of The Gates. Channel Clump, a lone conspic- Fishing stakes are placed at various places in the harbor and
7.52

uous group of high trees, lies near the N coast of Sagu Kyun may constitute a hazard to navigation.
about 1.3 miles WSW of the N point of the island, and forms a Excellent anchorage can be taken, in depths up to 18.3m, in
7.52

useful landmark for The Gates from the SW. Big Rock, 18.3m all parts of Ramree Harbor, not obstructed by shoals or fishing
high, lies on the foul ground close off the S side of Sagu Kyun. stakes.
Between the 10m curves in Ramree Roads SSW of The
7.50 Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 11m, between the W
7.52

Gates, there is a least charted depth of 9.6m. Depths elsewhere side of Dragon Shoal and the shore bank to the W, about 3.8
in the approach channel range from 10.1 to 43.9m. Fishing miles NNE of the S end of Ramree Island.
stakes are usually found in the channel about 2 miles S of The Vessels may approach Ramree Harbor from the S and in
7.52

Gates. such case the channel between Unguan Island and Nerbudda
Channel depths within The Gates are for the most part deep,
7.50 Shoal is recommended. Unguan Island must not be brought to
ranging from 9.6 to 65.9m. Harbor depths up to 10 miles with- bear less than 350° until well N of Nerbudda Island, when a
in The Gates range from 10.1 to 20.1m. 046° course may be steered through mid-channel.
Alligator Rocks, which dry, lie near the N shore of Sagu
7.50 Vessels approaching from the SE should pass SW of Gun-
7.52

Kyun and are surrounded by deep water. A beacon lies on the gasager Rocks and Osprey Rocks at distances of 2 and 2.5
shore reef extending about 1.3 miles NE from the NE extremity miles, respectively. Vessels should pass between 2.5 and 4
of Sagu Kyun. miles W of Magyi Kyun and then a N course towards The
The E entrance of Ramree Harbor lies between the E side of
7.50 Gates then steered, taking care to avoid fishing stakes in the
Sagu Kyun and the mainland, but is fouled by numerous reefs near approach to the entrance of the harbor. A course of 054°
and shoals and is available only to fishing vessels and small leads through The Gates in mid-channel.
craft with local knowledge. Then, when the N point of Sagu Kyun bears 140°, course
7.52

should be altered to the NNE and the W of the two clumps of

7.51 Dragon Shoal (18°53'N., 93°59'E.), parts of which trees on the N coast of Sagu Kyun kept bearing 208° astern.
dry, is about 4.3 miles long and narrow and lies with its S end 1 This leads between Dragon Shoal and the shoals and rocky
mile NNE of the N extremity of Sagu Kyun. White Rock, 0.9m patches lying off the Ramree Island shore and between Dragon
high and one of a group of above-water rocks on the shoal, lies Shoal and Flat Reef. Vessels should be kept to the deeper water
about 1.3 miles S of the N end of Dragon Shoal. towards Flat Reef. Caution is advised. Having passed Flat
Two white marks lie on the W shore of the harbor 1.3 and 3.8
7.51 Reef, course should be shaped to pass about 0.5 mile E of Low
miles NNE of the S extremity of Ramree Island. The fairway of Islet and then at similar distances E of Oyster Rock and Cutters
the channel between Dragon Shoal and the shore bank to the W Rock, taking care to avoid any fishing stakes.
is about 0.8 mile wide with depths of 10.5 to 18.3m. When N of Cutters Rock, vessels approaching the entrance
7.52

Flat Reef (18°55'N., 94°00'E.), which covers at HW, lies be-

7.51 of the Ramree River should keep about 0.8 mile off the W
tween the N end of Dragon Shoal and the shore bank to the W. shore of the harbor. Caution is necessary between White Rock
The SE and NW sides of the reef are marked by beacons. The and Flat Reef, and in the vicinity of Oyster Rock, Cutters
reef may be passed on either side, but the channel to the E is Rock, and Nepal Rock.
preferred. Mingaung Chaung connects the head of Ramree Harbor with
7.52

Low Islet (18°58'N., 94°00'E.), marked by a beacon and

7.51 the inner part of Kyaukpyu Harbor, via Fletcher Hayes Strait.
steep-to on its E side, lies about 2.3 miles N of Flat Reef and Vessels drawing 2.4m or less can use this channel.
about 0.5 mile SE of Kyangyaung Point, a high bluff. The Ramree River has its entrance almost 8 miles N of
7.52

A rocky patch, almost awash at low water springs, lies about

7.51 Kyangyaung Point and about 17 miles within The Gates. At or-
0.8 mile N of Low Islet. This patch lies about midway between dinary HW, vessels drawing 2.7m or less can enter the river and
Low Islet and a white mark on the W shore about 1.5 miles proceed to within 1.5 miles of the village of Ramree. Local
NNW of Low Islet. knowledge is necessary.
Oyster Rock (19°00'N., 93°59'E.), which covers at HW and
7.51 A road connects the village with a wharf about 5 miles with-
7.52

is marked by a beacon, lies 3 miles N of Low Islet. in the river’s entrance.

Cutters Rock lies 1 mile N of Oyster Rock. For about 4 miles
7.51 The entrance of the shallow Kayaing River (18°45'N.,
7.52

N of Cutters Rock to a position abeam of the entrance of the 94°09'E.) lies about 11 miles SE of the N point of Sagu Kyun.
Ramree River, there are depths of 5.9 to 7.3m, but the channel A series of long, low islands forms the coast for about 14
7.52

Pub. 173
242 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

miles SSE of the entrance of the Kayaing River to the entrance Mills Patch (18°19'N., 94°15'E.), the shoal remains of a
7.54

of the Sandoway River. The Kyaukpyu mountain range backs mud volcano with a least depth of 6.1m, lies about 4.5 miles W
this part of the coast. The SW point of Singaung Kyun, the of Money Point and is a hazard to vessels bound for Andrew
southernmost island along this section of coast, lies on the N Bay.
side of the entrance of the Sandoway River. A rest house stands Depths are regular in the near approach to Andrew Bay, de-
7.54

on the SW point. creasing gradually to a depth of 18.3m between the entrance

Several detached reefs and rocks, which dry, lie between the
7.52 points. Depths within the bay, up to 2 miles within the en-
entrance of the Kayaing River and Magyi Kyun to the W. The trance, range from 18.3 to 9.1m, but much less elsewhere.
positions of these dangers can best be seen on the chart. Depths have been reported to be less than charted in Andrew
Bay.
7.53 Whalers Rock (18°37'N., 94°12'E.), awash, lies Good anchorage is provided with good holding ground, but
7.54

about 2.5 miles WNW of the N end of Singaung Kyun and 2 the bay is exposed to the full force of the Southwest Monsoon.
miles offshore. Shelter is provided from the force of the monsoon in Mayo Bay
Between Whalers Rock and Drunken Sailor Rock, about 5
7.53 in the SE part of Andrew Bay, but the swinging room is re-
miles to the S, the coast is bordered by an area of foul ground stricted by a shoal patch in the middle part of the bay.
which extends up to 2.5 miles offshore in places. Sandoway Bay (18°22'N., 94°21'E.), a small shallow inden-
7.54

Drunken Sailor Rock (18°33'N., 94°13'E.), which nearly

7.53 tation, lies on the N shore of Andrew Bay close within the en-
dries and breaks at LW, lies about 2 miles W of the SW point of trance. Two beacons, in line bearing 348°, lead to the
Singaung Kyun. Under certain conditions of tide and wave anchorage within the bay.
height, the rock may be visible at other times. A beacon lies on the E side of the bay about 0.8 mile E of the
7.54

Zalat Taung, an island 52m high, lies on the S side of the en-
7.53 lighthouse on the N entrance point of Andrew Bay. A radar
trance of the Sandoway River, about 0.8 mile SW of the SW buoy is moored about 0.5 mile E of the same lighthouse.
point of Singaung Kyun. Foul ground extends about 0.8 mile
SW from the central part of the island and a detached 9.1m 7.55 Mayo Bay (18°18'N., 94°22'E.) lies near the SE corner
patch lies about 0.5 mile farther SW. of Andrew Bay and provides sheltered anchorage during the
Singyat Kyun lies close SE of Zalat Taung and is separated
7.53 Southwest Monsoon.
from it by a foul channel. Berthing facilities consist of a pontoon jetty and a 112.8m
7.55

Gaw Taung (18°30'N., 94°16'E.), a 168m high hill, lies near

7.53 causeway with a depth of 5.2m alongside. Beacons, in line
the coast about 3 miles SE of the Sandoway River entrance. bearing 147°, lead to a position close off the head of this pier.
This hill is a good landmark, being the highest elevation along A large promontory, with Money Point as its NW extremity,
7.55

this section of coast. extends about 5 miles W from the general line of the coast
Open anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 11m, mud, about
7.53 close S of Andrew Bay. Mawyon Pagoda, conspicuous from
1.3 miles N of Drunken Sailor Rock, with the rest house on seaward when the sun shines on it, stands on the SW part of
Singaung Kyun bearing 120°, distant 2.3 miles. this promontory.
During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels with local knowl-
7.53 Dangerous foul ground, marked by numerous above and be-
7.55

edge can anchor about 0.8 mile S of Drunken Sailor Rock. low-water rocks, fronts the W side of the promontory up to 3.5
During the Southwest Monsoon, this anchorage is exposed and miles offshore. A detached drying rocky patch lies about 4.3
dangerous. miles WSW of Money Point and is the outermost danger. A
A heavy surf breaks on this coast in the vicinity of the Sand-
7.53 drying rock lies about 1.3 miles S of the SW extremity of the
oway River entrance when the wind is W of N. promontory; a foul patch lies about 1.5 miles SE of the same
extremity.
7.54 The Sandoway River (18°33'N., 94°13'E.) is entered Remarkable Rock (18°14'N., 94°22'E.), 9.1m high and con-
7.55

between the SW point of Singaung Kyun and Zalat Taung Is- spicuous, lies about 2.5 miles ESE of the pagoda mentioned
land. The river is tidal for a short distance above the town of above.
Sandoway. Vessels drawing 2.4m can ascend the river at ordi- The shallow Kamgit River and the Salu River enter the sea
7.55

nary HW from its entrance to within 4 miles of the town. Only about 4.8 miles SE and 6.8 miles SSE of Remarkable Rock.
small craft can be accommodated.
The low sandy rock-fringed coast between Gaw Taung and
7.54 7.56 Bluff Cape (18°00'N., 94°26'E.), about 14 miles SSE
Apaw-ye Kyun, about 9 miles SSE, is backed inland by some of Remarkable Rock, rises steeply from the sea to a height of
isolated hills and ranges. 137m and is a fairly conspicuous landmark. The shallow Kye-
Apaw-ye Kyun (18°23'N., 94°19'E.), a bluff island, rises to
7.54 intali River discharges about 2 miles E of the cape.
an elevation of 90m. Mud volcanoes were reported to lie about Between Bluff Cape and the Gwa River, about 24 miles SSE,
7.56

1.8 miles W and almost 1 mile SSW of this island. the coast is bordered by several hills and peaks which are easi-
Andrews Bay (18°20'N., 94°20'E.), entered between an un-
7.54 ly identified from the offing. Taungnela, 1,146m high, lies
named point and Money Point, about 3.3 miles SSW, is clear of about 12.5 miles E of Bluff Cape. Kungyaung Taung, 707m
dangers in its central part, but bordered by foul ground around high, lies about 14 miles SE of Bluff Cape. High Peak, 12
its shores and inner reaches. miles SSE of Bluff Cape, rises to a height of 585m. Taunglun
Money Summit rises to an elevation of 0.8 mile SSW of
7.54 Taung, 253m high, lies almost 4 miles S of High Peak and But-
Money Point. This summit, topped with detached trees, is a ton Hill, 124m high, lies 3 miles S of Taunglun Taung.
conspicuous landmark and easily identified from the offing. The Satthwa Chaung, almost entirely obstructed by a reef at
7.56

Pub. 173
 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast 243

its entrance, discharges into the sea about 14 miles S of Bluff Sandy Island, 10.5m high, lies on this shoal ground about 1.3
Cape. A narrow passage leads through the reefs to the village miles NW of High Island.
of Satthwa just within the entrance.
An area of foul ground, marked by numerous drying rocks,
7.56 7.58 The Kyaungtha River (16°57'N., 94°26'E.), entered
extends about 2.5 miles SW from the entrance of the Satthwa close N of High Island, is shallow and available only to native
Chaung. A 9.1m patch lies about 0.8 mile W of the outer edge boats.
of this foul ground. Between Broken Point, about 3.3 miles SW of High Island,
7.58

Gwa Bay (17°37'N., 94°34'E.) is entered between a 63m

7.56 and Koronge Island, about 24 miles SSW, the coast is rocky
high peninsula and an unnamed point about 2 miles S. and irregular.
The N entrance point is fringed by foul ground which extends
7.56 The Thitpok River enters the sea about 11 miles S of Broken
7.58

about 0.5 mile SSW and 0.8 mile W from it. A detached drying Point. Round Island, 39.6m high, lies about 0.8 mile N of the
reef lies 1.8 miles W of the S entrance point. A similar reef lies entrance and 0.5 mile offshore. The river is available only to
0.5 mile SSW of this reef. Gwa Kyun (17°34'N., 94°31'E.), 44m boats.
high, lies near the outer edge of the foul ground which extends Vibart Shoal (16°43'N., 94°19'E.), small in extent and irreg-
7.58

about 3 miles SW from the S entrance point of Gwa Bay. The is- ular, with a least depth of 4.6m, lies about 2.8 miles SW of
land is an excellent landmark. Round Island.
Anchorage is provided, in depths of 7.3 to 11m, within Gwa
7.56 Alligator Head (16°36'N., 94°19'E.) is the S extremity of a
7.58

Bay, but W winds are experienced. large, rocky promontory about 19 miles S of Broken Point.
During the Northeast Monsoon, vessels occasionally call at
7.56 When viewed from the offing, it resembles an alligator’s head
the village of Gwa on the E side of the entrance of the river on facing S.
the S side of the bay. Ngayot Taung (16°32'N., 94°24'E.), one of the most con-
7.58

The coast between Gwa Bay and Broken Point, about 42

7.56 spicuous peaks along this coast, rises to a height of 401m,
miles SSW, is indented by several small bays which provide about 6.3 miles SE of Alligator Head.
anchorage in good weather. During the Southwest Monsoon, Milestone Rock (16°40'N., 94°17'E.), a detached steep-to
7.58

little shelter is provided except in Danson Bay. rock 12.2m high, lies 4.5 miles NNW of Alligator Head.
Depths of 4.9 to 5.5m lie within 2 miles S of Gwa Island and
7.56 Little Quoin Island (16°39'N., 94°20'E.) lies about 3.5
7.58

up to 1.8 miles offshore. With the exception of the above miles NNE of Alligator Head.
depths, all of the other dangers lie within 1.3 miles of the shore High Island (16°37'N., 94°18'E.) lies about 2 miles NW of
7.58

between Gwa Island and Bomie Bay, about 13.7 miles to the S. Alligator Head, North Reef, South Reef, and West Reef lie
Bomie Bay (17°20'N., 94°33'E.), small in extent and shal-
7.56 about 1 mile S through W to N of High Island. Saba Island lies
low, is available only to small craft. between South Reef and Alligator Head. Two small shoals,
with depths of 8.2 and 16.5m, lie about 2.8 miles WNW of
7.57 Pontamau Island (17°19'N., 94°30'E.), 54m high and High Island.
reef-fringed, lies about 3 miles W of Bomie Bay. Myauk Island Ngayok Bay (16°34'N., 94°18'E.), entered between Alliga-
7.58

lies near the outer edge of the shoal ground which extends tor Head and the N end of Koronge Island, about 5.3 miles SW,
about 0.5 mile NE from Pontamau Island. provides little protection except from the S. Large vessels
Round Hill, 194m high, and Thumb Hill, 238m high, lie 5.3
7.57 should not enter this bay because of the numerous dangers ly-
and 8 miles SSE of Pontamau Island. Both hills are conspicuous ing within it. A small shallow river empties into the S part of
and form excellent landmarks. the bay.
Danson Bay (17°12'N., 94°29'E.) is entered about 6 miles
7.57

SSW of Pontamau Island; unlike other bays found along this 7.59 Koronge Island (Goyangi Kyun) (16°32'N.,
section of the coast, is sheltered from S and SW winds. Foul 94°15'E.), 81m high and rugged, is wedge-shaped and rocky.
ground, marked by numerous rocks, extends about 3.5 miles W North Rock lies close off the NE end and West Rock lies close
from the SW entrance point of Danson Bay. West Sandy Islet, off the SW end of the island.
4.6m high, lies on this foul ground about 0.5 mile from its out- Koronge Island has been reported to be a good radar target
7.59

er edge. up to 16 miles.
The central part of the bay has depths ranging from 5.5 to
7.57 Goyangi Kyun Light is shown from a black framed tower
7.59

14.6m, but its shores are bordered by foul ground which ex- with white bands standing on a rising ground near the center of
tends up to 1 mile offshore in places. the island.
Large vessels can anchor, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, with
7.57 Good anchorage, protected from the N and NW, can be tak-
7.59

Round Hill bearing 056° and Thumb Hill bearing 098°. This en, in a depth of 11m, sand, between the S end of Koronge Is-
anchorage is sheltered from all except NW winds. Vessels, land and the mainland. The anchorage should be approached
when entering, should give West Sandy Islet a berth of 2 miles. cautiously to avoid Crawford Shoal and the drying rock on the
Along the Rakhine coast lies a rock. awash. in position
7.57 S side of the approach.
17°08.5', 94°26.5'E. Between Koronge Island and Cape Negrais, about 29 miles
7.59

The coast between West Sandy Islet and High Island, about
7.57 to the S, the coast is indented by numerous small coastal inlets.
9.3 miles S, is indented by an open bay in its N part and fringed Round Cape, 104m high, thickly wooded, and conspicuous,
7.59

by shoal ground which extends up to 2 miles offshore in places. lies about 15.5 miles S of Koronge Island. Conical Mount,
High Island rises to a height of 40m. Shoal ground, with depths 224m high and cone-shaped, lies about 4 miles SE of Round
of 5.5m and less, extends about 3.3 miles NW from High Island. Cape and is conspicuous from all directions.

Pub. 173
244 Sector 7. India—East Coast —Bangladesh, and Burma—West Coast

Spike Hill (16°22'N., 94°18'E.), about 7.5 miles NE of

7.59 May Gaumgaun. A rock, 3.4m high, lies on the S edge of a
Round Cape, rises to a height of 259m. Fat Hill, 4 miles NE of shoal area about 0.5 mile SW of Lichune.
Cape Negrais, is 198m high. All of the above peaks comprise A stranded wreck lies close N of Lichune (Leik Kyun).
7.60

the most conspicuous summits between Koronge Island and Saingbain Kieu (16°20'N., 94°11'E.), a group of large con-
7.60

Cape Negrais. spicuous rocks, some appearing white, parallel the coast for
Crawford Shoal (16°29'N., 94°13'E.), a group of drying
7.59 about 3 miles and 2.5 miles offshore. North Twin, the N rock,
rocks, lie about 3 miles SW of Koronge Island. A spit, with a lies 6 miles NNW of Round Cape. South Twin, the S rock, lies
depth of 5.5m at its outer end, extends about 0.5 miles S from about 4 miles NW of Round Cape. Several detached shoal
Crawford Shoal. patches lie between this group and the coast.
Mushroom Rock, 2.7m high, lies about 2 miles N of Round
7.60

7.60 White Rock (16°29'N., 94°15'E.), which dries, lies Cape. Several detached shoal patches, with depths of 9.1m and
about 2.3 miles SSE of Koronge Island. less, lie within 1.5 miles W through 1.5 miles NW of Round
May Gaumgaun, Ung Chune, and Lichune form a group of
7.60 Cape.
islands which lies between 6 and 9 miles S of Koronge Island. Black Rock, 1.2m high and dark-colored, lies about 4.5
7.60

Rocks and foul ground fringe the three islands. A narrow shoal, miles SW of Round Cape.
with a least depth of 4.9m, lies centered about 1.3 miles SW of

Pub. 173
 245
8. West Coast
Sector 8—Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—

8.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 8 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 247

SECTOR 8
BURMA—SOUTH AND WEST COASTS AND THAILAND—WEST COAST

8.0Plan.—This sector describes the S and W coasts of Burma have been previously described in paragraph 7.25.
(Myanmar) and the W coast of Thailand between Cape Negrais 8.1The climatic seasons of the Tenasserim Coast and the W
and Ko Phucket and includes the Irrawaddy River Delta, the coast of Thailand are based on two major wind systems, name-
Gulf of Martaban, and the Mergui Archipelago. The descrip- ly the Northeast Monsoon and the Southwest Monsoon, each
tive sequence is E and then S. with its own weather characteristics.
8.1The Northeast Monsoon, which is associated with the Northern
General Remarks Hemisphere winter, extends from early December through late
March. This is the dry season, but a flow of warm moist air from
8.1 Between Cape Negrais and the Sittang River, the Ir- across the South China Sea covers the before-mentioned coasts
rawaddy coast, the Bassein River and the Rangoon River, and causes somewhat higher cloudiness, occasional thunder-
which include the ports of Bassein and Rangoon are described storms, higher temperatures, and humidities than over the remain-
first. A description of the Tenasserim Coast then follows as far ing areas. The greatest contrasts are in November, December, and
S as the Tavoy River and includes the port of Moulmein, January, when these coasts are hot, humid, and rainy. Thunder-
Bentinck Sound, the Ye River, Heinze Chaung, and the off-ly- storms reach their lowest frequency during the Northeast Mon-
ing Moscos Islands. Bentinck Sound provides some shelter. soon. Temperatures reach their lowest values, except at some
8.1The coast of Burma, between Tavoy Point and Victoria stations along these coasts where all seasons are about equally
Point, is indented by many inlets of little or no commercial val- warm and humid. Cloudiness is at a minimum, with the lowest av-
ue to ocean shipping. Many mountain ranges parallel this erages usually occurring in January. Visibilities are usually good,
coast. The only ports of any importance along this entire sec- but there is some early morning fog.
tion of coast are Tavoy and Mergui. 8.1The spring transitional monsoon season, usually from mid-
8.1The Pakchan River forms the boundary between Burma and March to mid-May, is the period in which the dry NE winds
Thailand. Victoria Point (9°58'N., 98°33'E.) lies on the N side give way to the moist SW winds. Weak and variable winds oc-
of the entrance of this river. cur in April and May. There is a slight increase in rainfall in
8.1The coast of Thailand, between the entrance of the Pakchan April and a big increase in May. Thunderstorm frequencies rise
River and the entrance of Takua Pa Inlet, is mostly low, densely sharply, and are most frequent during May. Temperatures reach
wooded, and intersected by many rivers and creeks. It has not their maximum values in April. Relative humidities and cloud-
been closely examined. A range of mountains backs this coast. iness increase.
A number of islands, many surrounded by reefs, lie off this 8.1The Southwest Monsoon, which extends from mid-May
coast; others are joined to the mainland by sandbanks. Takua through late September, is the rainy season. Daily intermittent
Pa Inlet is formed by a large river which flows into the sea by light rain, interspersed with occasional heavy rainstorms or
way of four channels between the parallels of 9°15'N and thunderstorms accompanied by torrential downpours, occur.
8°52'N. Cloudiness reaches a maximum during the Southwest Mon-
8.1The coast between the S entrance of the Takua Pa Inlet and soon. Maximum cloud cover reaches 80 to 95 per cent. Tem-
the N entrance of Chong Pak Phra is regular and is fronted by peratures decrease slightly at most places due to the increased
the Similan Islands. Chong Pak Phra is the narrow strait be- cloud cover. The average daily temperatures are in the upper
tween the coast and Ko Phuket, a large island to the S. The W 27° or low 32°C; relative humidity reaches its highest values.
coast of the latter island is indented by several open bays. The Visibility is usually good. Poor visibility occurs mainly during
N part of this coast, with the exception of a small area, is low, heavy rain squalls.
wooded, and backed by hills of moderate elevation. The S part 8.1The autumn transitional monsoon season is normally limited
rises steeply to a mountain range from about 262 to 518m high, to the months of October and November. During this period,
densely wooded, and sloping gradually to the N and S. the moist Southwester Monsoon is replaced by moist E winds
8.1The Mergui Archipelago, which consists of approximately over these coasts. Weak and variable winds, with land and sea
1,000 islands ranging in size from mere hummocks of rock to breezes prevailing, occur until the Northeast Monsoon is estab-
King Island, the largest of the group, with an area of about 175 lished. Rainfall decreases, but thunderstorms increase slightly
square miles, lies within the 95m curve. The archipelago ex- over these coasts. Temperatures and relative humidity remain
tends from Tavoy Island, the N extremity of which is nearly 20 high. Cloudiness decreases, except over the S of the Tenas-
miles S of Tavoy Point, to the Similan Islands, a distance of serim coast and the W coast of Thailand. Periods of low visibil-
about 285 miles.The Great Western Torres Islands, the outer- ities are rare.
most islands, lie about 70 miles off the mainland. Some of the 8.1Tides—Currents.—The current W of the entrance of the Ir-
islands have mountain peaks which attain a height of 762m. rawaddy River is irregular in the fine weather season and varies
The outer islands are steep and wooded; the nearshore islands with the direction of wind, here the current has no apparent
are low and covered with jungle. There are no ports of signifi- connection with the rise and fall of the tide.
cance, but there are many sheltered anchorages. 8.1During November, December, and January, little or no flood
8.1Winds—Weather.—The weather and climate of Burma current is observed S of Alguada Reefs, except at springs.

Pub. 173
248 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

8.1The tides along the Tenasserim coast and along the W coast curves at distances of about 2 to 8 miles within the latter curve.
of Thailand are semidiurnal with a small diurnal inequality in Shoal depths of 5.5m and less lie between the 11m curve and
both time and height. The tides approach these coasts from the the shore.
SSW and progress N. The mean spring ranges increase from 8.2The 20m curves lies about 18 miles SE and 21 miles E of
about 3m at the Burma-Thailand border to over 5.2m at Mer- Baragua Point and then extends E to the vicinity of Kalegauk
gui. Island, and approximates the outer limits of the Gulf of Marta-
8.1The currents flow at an average rate of 0.4 knot, with a max- ban.
imum of about 0.7 knot. The set and drift of the currents in lo- 8.2The 10m curve to the SE and E of Baragua Point lies only
cal areas often varies from the patterns shown below. This is about 1 to 2 miles within the 20m curve, but to the ENE it lies
due to frequent storms. Near the coast, the tidal currents will between 8 and 30 miles offshore.
also exert great influence and will either augment or deter the 8.2Those depths and dangers which lie within the 10m curve are
non-tidal currents. described together with the principal description of that part of
8.1The currents along the Tenasserim coast and along the W the coast which they front.
coast of Thailand usually set N in January and S in February. In 8.2A shoal, with a depth of 9.1m, was reported to lie about 46
March the water flowing N from the Strait of Malacca causes a miles S of Elephant Point.
N current to flow along these coasts. This flow continues 8.2Caution.—Vessels should not approach within a distance of
through April. In May the currents set from S to SW, except for 3 miles of the coast in the vicinity of Cape Negrais. A fringing
the extreme S part of this area where a N current still exists. reef and off-lying rocks make caution advisable even outside
The currents set S in June and July and N from August through this distance.
December. 8.2The shallow bank, which fronts the delta shore between Pu-
8.1The tidal current movement is usually semidiurnal in charac- rian Point and Baragua Point, should not be shoaled to depths
ter with some variations in the velocities and durations of the of less than 18.3m.
flows. The tidal currents, as a rule, set from ENE to NNW on
the rising tide and from WSW to SSE on the falling tide. Con- 8.3 Yadana Gas Field (15°08'N., 94°47'E.), consisting of
siderable variation in set and drift is to be expected between the three lit platforms, situated about 48 miles SE of Purian Point.
many islands off these coasts and in the confined areas and es- Submarine pipelines run ESE and NE to the coast of Burma.
tuaries.
8.1Tidal currents are strong along the entire coast between Tav-
oy Point and the Burma-Thailand border. Between Tavoy Point
and Forrest Strait, the tidal currents usually set N on the rising
tide and S on the falling tide at rates of 2 to 4 knots. The tidal
currents attain a rate of 2.3 knots through Forrest Strait. In
deeper water offshore, the tidal effect becomes negligible and
the general circulation predominates. Tidal bores occur in the
mouths of rivers and bays.
8.1There is comparatively little reliable information concerning
the tidal currents off the W coast of Thailand. These tidal cur-
rents seldom exceed 2 to 3 knots and are seldom experienced
over 8 miles offshore.
8.1Caution.—Uncharted drilling rigs may be temporarily locat-
ed in the Andaman Sea. Uncharted well heads and other ob-
structions may also be located in the Andaman Sea.
8.3 Yadana Platform
Cape Negrais to the Sittang River
8.2 Cape Negrais (16°02'N., 94°12'E.), the seaward ex- 8.3The platforms are enclosed by a Permanent Marine Exclu-
tremity of a spur of the Arakan Yoma range, is fronted by con- sion Zone within which unauthorized entry is prohibited and-
spicuous cliffs which rise about 0.8 mile inland to a high best seen on the chart. Unauthorized navigation, fishing,
summit. The cape has been reported to be a good radar target trawling and anchoring are prohibited within 5 miles of the ex-
up to 24 miles. clusion zone.
8.2The coast of the Irrawaddy Delta is low along its entire 8.3Another gas field with multiple lighted platforms, as seen on
length between the Bassein River and the Sittang River. The the chart, is situated about 100 miles WNW of the Maungma-
only high coastal ground lies on the W side of the mouth of the gan Islands. A 5 mile wide restricted area, in which anchoring
Bassein River; here the S extremity of the Arakan Yoma Range and trawling are prohibited, surrounds a gas pipeline running
terminates in the vicinity of Maw Dengi. Between the Bassein ESE for 170 miles from the SE corner of Yadana Gas Field to
River and the China Bakir River there are no landmarks and the close N of Heinze Islands.
navigational aids are few in number. 8.3The coast between Cape Negrais and Maw Dengi, about 6
8.2Depths—Limitations.—Between positions S of Purian miles SSE, consists of a series of low densely-wooded hills. In
Point and Baragua Point, the 20m curve lies about 10 to 20 the vicinity of Maw Dengi these hills have some conspicuous,
miles offshore. The 10m curve roughly parallels the 20m reddish slopes of driven sand which leave well-defined edges

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 249

of dark foliage near their summits.

8.3The coast between Cape Negrais and Maw Dengi is fringed
by reefs and shoal patches which extend up to 1.3 miles off-
shore in places.
8.3Maw Dengi (Pagoda Point) (15°57'N., 94°15'E.), about 30m
high and flat, terminates in a bare bluff. A pagoda lies on the
point and is visible above the trees. A small 2.7m high obelisk
lies on the reef on the SE extremity of Maw Dengi. A danger-
ous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 7 miles SW of Maw
Dengi
8.3A shoal, with depths of 5.5m and less, lies up to 0.5 mile S
and W respectively of the point. A detached 5.5m patch lies
about 1 mile W of the point.
Alguada Reef Light bearing 092°
The Irrawaddy River Delta
8.4 The Irrawaddy River rises in the N part of Burma and 8.5Caution.—Less water than charted has been reported to lie
generally flows to the S. Augmented by numerous tributaries, in an area between 19 miles W and 18.5 miles SSW of Alguada
the Irrawaddy River flows into the Bay of Bengal by way of Reef Light.
several channels through an extensive delta lying approximate- 8.5Several detached shoal patches, with depths of 5.5 to 14.6m,
ly between the meridians of 94°15'E and 96°50'E. This delta is have been reported to lie within a 1 mile radius of a position
being constantly extended seaward by the deposit of silt. Many about 17 miles WNW of Alguada Reef Light.
low islands are formed near its seaward extremity by tidal 8.5Two wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie 2 and 8 miles NW of
backwaters and smaller cross channels which connect with the Phaeton Shoals.
main channels.
The only channels through the Irrawaddy Delta used by
8.4
8.6 Phaeton Shoals (15°47'N., 94°14'E.), a group of
ocean-going vessels are the Bassein River and the Rangoon shoal patches with a least depth of 4.3m and 2 miles in extent,
River, the furthest W and E, respectively. lie centered about 10.3 miles S of Maw Dengi. Depths of 11 to
18.3m surround these shoals.
Approaches to the Bassein River 8.6Thamihla Kyun (15°52'N., 94°17'E.), flat and wooded, lies
about 5.5 miles SSE of Maw Dengi. Reefs and shoals extend
8.5 Maw Dengi, which lies on the NW side of the en- about 2 miles SSW and 0.8 mile NE from the island. Rocky
trance of the Bassein River, has been previously described in patches, with a least depth of 7.9m, extend about 0.8 mile W
paragraph 8.3. from the island. Thamihla Kyun has been reported to be a good
8.5Purian Point (15°50'N., 94°24'E.), low and backed by a radar target up to 18 miles. A dangerous wreck, best seen on
group of trees 23m high, lies on the SE side of the entrance of the chart, lies 8 miles WNW.
the Bassein River. White sandstone low bluffs extend 1.5 miles 8.6Baroni Rock (15°52'N., 94°17'E.), with a least depth of
NE from the point. Higher bluffs begin about 1 mile NNE of 4.9m, lies about 0.5 mile NE of the N end of Thamihla Kyun.
the point and extend to the N for about 1.3 miles. 8.6Haing Gyi Shoal (15°57'N., 94°17'E.), with depths of 5.5m
8.5Tides—Currents.—Tides in the entrance of the Bassein and less, extends about 5.5 miles S into the river entrance from
River are semidiurnal. the shore about 3.3 miles NE of Maw Dengi.
8.5The tidal currents set strongly across Phaeton Shoals; the 8.6Depths in the channel between Thamihla Kyun and the shore
flood current sets E and the ebb current sets W. bank extending about 6 miles WNW from Purian Point range
8.5About 1 mile N of Thamihla Kyun the tidal currents are rotary from 6.1 to 9.1m. Depths in the approach to and within the en-
during spring tides. At the beginning of the flood tide, the cur- trance channel W and N of Thamihla Kyun range from 18.3 to
rent sets 152° and changes through 090°, so that at the end of the 7.3m.
flood it sets about 057°. With the commencement of the ebb tide, 8.6Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots will board off the
the current sets about 315° and changes through 270°, setting at pilot station, located about 0.3 mile SE of Dalhousie Point.
the end about 225°. The greatest velocity, 1.5 knots, is attained 8.6During the Northeast Monsoon, if no pilot is readily avail-
during the second and third quarters of each tide. able, a vessel should proceed to the anchorage SE of Thamihla
8.5Near the entrance bar, the flood current sets about E and the Kyun.
ebb current sets between SW and SSW at velocities of 1.5 to 8.6To avoid delay, the vessel’s ETA should be sent to the Port
3.5 knots during spring tides. At spring tides, during the rainy Officer at Bassein at least 48 hours prior to arrival.
season, the ebb current may reach a velocity of 6 knots. 8.6Directions.—Vessels approaching the entrance of the Bas-
8.5Depths—Limitations.—.Alguada Reef (15°42'N., 94° sein River from the S should not approach Alguada Reef Light
12'E.), almost awash at HWS, has detached sunken rocks ex- closer than 3 miles. The summit of Haing Gyi Kyun bearing
tending a considerable distance from it. Hugh Rose Rock, 020°, and well open E of Thamihla Kyun, leads about 0.5 mile
which is awash, lies off the N end of the reef about 2.5 miles E of the easternmost shoal depths of Alguada Reef and Phaeton
NNE of the light, which lies near the SW end of the reef. A Shoals. Having passed Phaeton Shoals, course should be
4.1m patch lies about 1.3 miles S of the light. Depths of 10.1m shaped for the anchorage SE of Thamihla Kyun. Care should

Pub. 173
250 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

be taken to allow for the tidal current. the channel was dredged to 5.2m.
8.6A course of 350° should be steered to pass E of the two light- 8.7Changes in the channel are frequent and the navigational
ed buoys E of Thamihla Kyun, passing N of Broni Rock and aids are scarce. This lack of navigational aids makes navigation
then altering course to the NE, entering the river between at night impracticable.
Haing Gyi Shoal and Purian Bank. When 3 miles S of Rocky 8.7Due to the narrowness of the river at Bassein, single-screw
Point, alter course NNE and pass not less than 0.2 mile W of vessels exceeding a length of 137m and twin-screw vessels ex-
Burgess Rock. Having cleared that rock course should be al- ceeding a length of 145m are advised not to attempt the upriver
tered to the NE and then proceed to the anchorage off the pilot passage.
station at Dalhousie Point. 8.7Deep-draft vessels await HW in order to cross the entrance
8.6Vessels approaching the entrance of the river from the W, if bar; HW is essential to cross Panmawaddy Flat. Successive pe-
proceeding to the anchorage SE of Thamihla Kyun, should riods of HW are usually required and the passage in both direc-
pass about 1 mile N of the island so as to clear the shoal depths tions ordinarily takes more than a day.
N of Baroni Rock. When Thamihla Kyun Light bears 206°, 8.7In heavy weather, the best time to cross the bar is between
steer for the anchorage. This approach is not recommended half tide and 2 hours after HW at Thamihla Kyun. During the
during the Southwest Monsoon, when the vessel should pro- Southwest Monsoon, a clearance of at least 1.2m under the
ceed directly to the anchorage off the pilot station. keel is considered necessary when crossing the entrance bar.
8.6Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, good anchor- 8.7Haing Gyi Kyun (16°00'N., 94°19'E.), an island with a
age can be taken, in depths of 8.2 to 9.1m, about 1 mile SE of 135m high densely-wooded summit on its NE extremity, lies
Thamihla Kyun. When anchored in this position, the summit with Rocky Point, its S extremity, about 5 miles ENE of Maw
on Haing Gyi Kyun should bear about 016° and the light struc- Dengi. A 22m high tree on Southeast Point, about 0.3 mile
ture on Thamihla Kyun about 322°. NNE of Rocky Point, is a good mark.
8.7Wolf Rock (15°59'N., 94°20'E.), with a depth of less than
The Bassein River to Bassein 1.8m, lies about 0.4 mile off the E side of Haing Gyi Kyun.
Foul ground extends about 0.4 mile E and S from the rock.
8.7 The Bassein River, the W of the channels leading 8.7The E bank of the river between Purian Point and Ward
through the Irrawaddy Delta, is the means of access for ocean- Point, about 10.8 miles to the N, forms the SE side of the river
going vessels calling at the port of Bassein, about 75 miles entrance.
above the river’s entrance.
8.7The river entrance has been reported to be a good radar target 8.8 Purian Bank (15°53'N., 94°22'E.) lies within the lim-
up to 15 miles. its of the shore bank which extends about 6 miles NW and then
8.7Winds—Weather.—The weather generally is hot and hu- 9.8 miles NE to Ward Point. Depths over this bank and shoal
mid. The heavy rainfall, which sometimes exceeds 2,700mm are less than 5.5m.
annually, occurs during the Southwest Monsoon between June 8.8Burgess Rock (16°00'N., 94°22'E.), with a least depth of
and September. 5.5m, lies about in the middle of the main fairway, about 2.8
8.7Storm and weather signals are displayed at Thamihla Kyun miles WSW of Ward Point.
in accordance with the Indian Extended System. The Extended 8.8Dalhousie Point, on the W bank about 2.5 miles N of Ward
System is in use at Bassein; the port receives information but Point, is marked by several pagodas.
no signals are displayed. Further information on these storm 8.8Long Sand (16°04'N., 94°28'E.), which consists of two is-
signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning lands lying on a long, narrow shoal, lies about 3 miles ENE of
Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India— Ward Point. Shoal depths extend about 3 miles WSW and NNE
Signals.” from Long Sand.
8.7Tides—Currents.—Large diurnal inequalities and seasonal 8.8Tazingyun (16°09'N., 94°32'E.), which consists of two is-
variations best describe the tides at Bassein. lands close together, lies on the E side of the fairway about 4
8.7Tidal currents at springs attain velocities of 1.5 to 2 knots miles above Long Sand.
during the flood and up to 3 knots during the ebb. During fresh- 8.8Ransom Reach (16°17'N., 94°39'E.) is entered about 7.5
ets the velocity may reach 5 knots. miles upriver from Tazingyun. Sesostris Rocks lie on the W
8.7A tide gauge lies on Ashby Rockys near the W bank of the side of the reach; two small islands lie on the E side of the
river and just N of Panmawaddy Flat. A white cage topmark reach.
and red, black, and white plaques from the top downward, re- 8.8Sinswe Kyun (16°23'N., 94°42'E.) lies in mid-channel at the
spectively, mark the tide gauge. Each plaque represents 0.3m; N end of Ransom Reach. Alexander Rock, with a least depth of
the lower edge of the topmost white plaque marks the 7.9m 4.6m, lies in mid-channel about 0.5 mile S of Sinswe Kyun.
level. Pariah Rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about 1.8
8.7Depths—Limitations.—The least depth in the channel over miles N of Sinswe Kyun at the outer edge of Enterprise Flat.
the bar which lies across the entrance of the Bassein River is 8.8Amazon Point (16°29'N., 94°41'E.), on the E bank of the
about 6.1m. The bar lies between the shallow flat close E of the river about 5.3 miles N of Sinswe Kyun, marks the S entrance
Maw Dengi and the W and SW edges of Purian Bank. The point of the shallow Panmawaddy River. Panmawaddy Flat,
channel over the bar leads between Purian Bank to the E and with a least depth of 0.3m and surrounded by shoal depths of
Haing Gyi Shoal to the W. 5.5m and less, lies with its N end about 1.3 miles SW of Ama-
8.7The controlling depth in the river channel between Thamihla zon Point.
Kyun and Bassein is the depth over Panmawaddy Flat. In 1964, 8.8Cockatoo Point (16°30'N., 94°40'E.), on the W bank of the

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 251

river, lies 1.8 miles NW of Amazon Point. Ashby Rocks, A bank, on which the depths are less than 5.5m, fronts the
8.9

marked by a beacon, lie close N of Cockatoo Point. whole coast between Purian Point and Baragua Point and ex-
8.8Elbow Point (16°32'N., 94°41'E.) lies about 2.8 miles NNW tends as much as 17 miles offshore from a position about 10
of Amazon Point. Elbow Shoal, as defined by the 6m curve, miles W of the latter point; numerous drying patches lie on the
lies about 1 mile SSW of Elbow Point at the outer end of a spit E part of the bank including Baragua Flats, which extend about
extending from the shore. 8 miles SW from Baragua Point. The coast is not visible from
8.8Rangoon Creek, on the SE side of Junction Reach, flows into the S extremity of this bank.
the Bassein River about 8.5 miles above the entrance of the Vessels should not approach this section of coast in depths of
8.9

Panmawaddy River. Two conspicuous masts support telegraph less than 18.3m.
wires across its entrance. Baragua Point has been reported to be a good radar target up
8.9

8.8Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.1 to to 29 miles.

10.1m, about 1 mile E of Dalhousie Point. Berthing details can be found in the table titled Bassein—
8.9

8.8Vessels suspected of or infected with yellow fever must an- Berth Information
chor off Dalhousie Point, not less than 0.5 mile distant from the
LW line. Vessels with plague or cholera on board may anchor The Gulf of Martaban
off Takaing Pagoda on the W bank of the river about 2 miles
below Bassein. Vessels with other diseases on board may an- 8.10 The Gulf of Martaban is entered between Baragua
chor anywhere below the wharves. Point and the coast extending N abreast of Kalegauk Island,
about 140 miles to the E. The Sittang River flows into the head
8.9 Bassein (16°47'N., 94°44'E.) (World Port Index No. of the gulf, about 75 miles N of the entrance. The Rangoon
49640), Burma’s second-largest seaport, lies on the E bank of River and the Moulmein River enter the sea on the NW and E
the Bassein River, about 75 miles above the mouth. Vessels sides, respectively, of the gulf.
usually frequent the port between January and September. Bas- The entire area of the gulf is shallow and anchorage can be
8.10

sein is primarily a rice-exporting center. The port is open to taken anywhere with a suitable draft, but prior to anchoring the
vessels up to 145m in length and 7m draft during the fine sea- direction of the tidal current should be noted and very little
son and up to 7.3m draft during the Southwest Monsoon. chain veered until the vessel stems it.
8.9Each rice mill has one or more jetties, with alongside depths In 1981, a dangerous wreck was reported to lie in position
8.10

of 5.2 to 7.6m. About 732m of berthing space is provided for 15°20'20"N, 96°36'12"E, about 60 miles SSE of Rangoon Riv-
lighters and native craft. er Western Channel Entrance. Other dangerous wrecks and
8.9Three fixed moorings, capable of accommodating vessels up navigational hazards in the Gulf of Martaban can best be seen
to 107m in length, lie off the jetties, in depths of 5.5 to 6.7m. on the charts.
Larger vessels sometimes anchor or moor off the jetties. In 1985, natural gas was discovered in large quantities up to
8.10

8.9Tugs and an ample supply of lighters are available for han- 100 miles offshore in the Gulf of Martaban.
dling cargo. From Baragua Point, the coast extends NE for about 35
8.10

8.9Between Purian Point and Baragua Point, the S extremity of miles to the mouth of the Pyapon River, the W outlet of the
the Pyapon District, about 55 miles to the E, the coast is indented China Bakir River, and then ENE for about 23 miles to the
by many of the outlets of the Irrawaddy River, including the Het- main outlet of the China Bakir River, which enters the sea
kethaung River, the Ywe River, the Pyamalaw River, the Ir- through extensive mud flats.
rawaddy River, and the Bogale River, five of its principal U Pe Beacon (15°44'N., 95°24'E.) lies about 4.5 miles ENE
8.10

mouths. This section of coast is low and nothing conspicuous is of Baragua Point and 1.5 miles inland. Pymbong Beacon lies
visible from outside the shallow banks which front it. near the coast about 6.8 miles ENE of U Pe Beacon.

Bassein—Berth Information 8.11 Krishna Shoal (15°41'N., 95°37'E.), with a least

depth of 2.3m, extends about 12.5 miles NE as a narrow ridge
Berth Length Depth Remarks of hard sand, from a position about 11 miles SE of U Pe Bea-
Bassein Terminal 36m 6.7m General cargo. con.
Sanda Lightship is moored 7.5 miles ESE of the SW end of
8.11

Garden Terminal 19m 6.0m General cargo.

Krishna Shoal, but was reported (1978) to lie 7 miles NE.
Myae Nu Terminal 19m 5.4m General cargo. A mud volcano, the position of which is approximate, was
8.11

reported to lie about 30 miles ENE of Pymbong Beacon.

Myitta Oo Terminal 36m 13.7m General cargo.
A 9.1m detached patch was reported to lie about 43 miles
8.11

Ohmmardarni Ter- ESE of Pymbong Beacon.

19m 6.0m General cargo.
minal The China Bakir River (16°19'N., 96°06'E.) entrance may
8.11

Satekan Terminal 36m 13.7m General cargo. be identified by a clump of coconut palms on the W side and
by Kanyingon Village on the E side. A ruined pagoda stands in
U Lu Terminal 19m 2.7m General cargo. the village and Tazaung Tower stands about 2.5 miles farther E.
Wae Dout Terminal 109m 6.7m General cargo. Bassein Creek, navigable by small craft at HW, branches off
from the main outlet of the China Bakir River about 2.5 miles
Zaye Chaung Ter- within the entrance and connects with the Rangoon River about
36m 9.1m General cargo.
minal 10 miles below the city of Rangoon.

Pub. 173
252 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

An extensive mud bank, which dries, fronts the coast be-

8.11 In Western Channel the flood current begins setting NE to-
8.12

tween the mouth of the China Bakir River and Elephant Point ward the entrance of the river, but after the flats nearby are cov-
and extends up to 4.5 miles offshore. Dedaye or Desaing Flats ered, about 2.5 hours after LW, the flood current changes
forms the SW part of the bank; Mye Saon Sand forms the NE direction and sets strongly onto Mye Soan Sand over which it
part of the bank. The remains of China Bakir Light are near the runs directly for Elephant Point. The velocity at springs is 5 to
SE point of the bank. These mud flats form the NW side of 6 knots.
Western Channel. Considerable eddies may be experienced off Elephant Point,
8.12

especially on the first of the flood. The great body of the flood
Approaches to the Rangoon River passes E into the Sittang River.
The ebb current sets SW in Western Channel outside Ele-
8.12

8.12 Elephant Point (16°28'N., 96°20'E.), about 16 miles phant Point. Southeast of Elephant Point, the ebb currents set
NE of the entrance of the China Bakir River, marks the W side across the channel onto a part of Eastern Sands.
of the entrance of the Rangoon River. A tide gauge and a tide gauge tower stand on Elephant Point.
8.12

Elephant Point Tower stands 0.3 mile SW of the point; an-

8.12 Depths—Limitations.—Changes in the depths and in the
8.12

other tower stands 0.5 mile farther SW. positions of the flats and shoals in the Rangoon River and its
Thante Point (16°30'N., 96°23'E.), which lies on the E side
8.12 entrance are so constant that the chart must be used with great
of the entrance of the Rangoon River, is low and lies about 3.5 caution. A shifting bar, with fluctuating depths, obstructs the
miles ENE of Elephant Point. The low land on both sides of the approaches to the entrance of the river. The bar has a soft silt
entrance of the river is not visible from seaward until about 7 bottom.
miles from the coast. The 11m curve lies about 26.5 miles S of the river entrance;
8.12

Beacons stand on Mye Saon Sand, about 2.3 miles S and 4.5
8.12 depths within this curve shoal gradually toward the flats which
miles SSW, respectively, of Elephant Point and are reported to lie in the river mouth and on either side of the main fairway.
be conspicuous. These white conical framework beacons with Thante Flats (Eastern Grove Flats) (16°28'N., 96°28'E.), an
8.12

black topmarks stand on black bases. extensive drying bank, extend almost 7 miles SE from Thante
Winds—Weather.—The winds at the entrance of the Ran-
8.12 Point. A shoal area, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends up
goon River are NE in December and veer E, blowing fresh to 8 miles farther SE from the S edge of Thante Flats (Eastern
during the day. The weather is generally good. In January the Grove Flats).
wind is more N, but sometimes a strong E wind prevails for A detached 4.6m patch lies about 20 miles SE of Thante
8.12

several days. Towards the end of the month, light land and sea Point. Depths in this vicinity have been reported to have
breezes are observed in conjunction with thick and hazy weath- shoaled considerably.
er. Eastern Sands (16°26'N., 94°24'E.), a shoal which dries up
8.12

In February and March, the land and sea breezes are regular.
8.12 to 2.4m in places, lies between 2 and 7 miles S of Thante Point.
Near the shore the sea breezes are fresh and generally the A flat, which dries 0.3m, lies about 5.8 miles SSW of Thante
8.12

strongest at the time of spring tides. Thick fogs prevail. Point.

The Southwest Monsoon commences about the middle of
8.12 The entrance channels leading into the Rangoon River shift
8.12

April. After a few stormy days the weather is clear until the be- frequently as the result of excessive silting. The navigational
ginning of May, when the monsoon develops fully and contin- aids which mark these channels are moved as necessary to con-
ues with few breaks until the end of October. In May and form to these changes. Buoys may be missing or unlit.
October, there is heavy but not continuous rainfall; in July and Western Channel is the main channel for entry into the Ran-
8.12

August continuous rainfall is often experienced. goon River. The channel is approached via Lanthaya Light
Tides—Currents.—Tides in the approaches to and in the
8.12 Float (Fairway Light Float) and Lower Float Lighted Buoy.
Rangoon River are semi-diurnal. The channel then leads N for 12 miles, converging with De-
Between a position about 22 miles SSW of Baragua Point
8.12 saing Flats and Mye Saon. The channel is marked by lighted
and the entrance of the Rangoon River, the tidal currents set buoys, a number of which have been reported unlit. The coast-
NE and SW, on the flood and on the ebb, respectively. During line near the Western Channel entrance has extended up to a
the Northeast Monsoon, the velocity at springs is 2 to 4 knots; half mile to seaward.
near the entrance of the Rangoon River the velocity is greater. Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for merchant vessels of
8.12

The ebb current is the stronger. Occasionally in October and over 200 gt.
November, a W set is observed sufficiently steady and strong The pilot vessel is usually at anchor about 17 miles S of Ele-
8.12

enough to overcome the flood which sets to the NE. phant Point. The pilot boards about 1.5 miles E of Lanthaya
There are rotary tidal currents, which shift clockwise, off the
8.12 Light Float.
mouths of the Irrawaddy River and off Baragua Flats. During In the vicinity of the pilot vessel, the current sets about 034°
8.12

the Northeast Monsoon, these currents attain velocities of 1.5 during the flood and 214° during the ebb.
to 2 knots at springs and about 0.8 knot at neaps. Close to the Vessels of 8m draft and over must anchor about 13 miles S of
8.12

mouths the tidal currents set in and out of the channels, attain- the pilot station and await instructions.
ing their greatest velocities at HW and LW. A vessel approaching the pilot vessel to obtain a pilot should
8.12

In the vicinity of the pilot vessel station, about 20 miles S of

8.12 pass astern of and never ahead of the pilot vessel; when in this
Elephant Point, the flood current sets about 034° and the ebb position, the vessel should make a lee for the boarding boat to
about 214°. The time of HW in this vicinity occurs about 1.5 the prevailing weather.
hours earlier than at Elephant Point. To enable vessels to locate the pilot vessel during thick
8.12

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 253

weather, whether at anchor or underway, on the sound of a ves- Light Vessel. Numerous wrecks, best seen on chart, lie ESE of
sel’s whistle or siren being heard, the pilot vessel will sound, Lanthaya Light Float. The partially-submerged wreck of the
on its whistle or siren, two long and two short blasts (letter Z of Dagon Light Vessel lies approximately 12 miles SSW of Lan-
the Morse code), and will repeat this signal at such intervals, thaya Light Float.
and for so long a period, as may be necessary to enable the ap-
proaching vessel to locate the pilot vessel. The Rangoon River to Rangoon
Regulations.—The ETA should be sent 48 hours and 24
8.12

hours prior to arrival at the pilot station and should include the 8.13 The Rangoon River, the E channel through the Ir-
following information: rawaddy Delta, flows into the Gulf of Martaban between Ele-
1. Vessel’s name and call sign. phant Point and Thante Point. The river channel leads in a
2. Length overall and length between perpendiculars. general NNW direction from Elephant Point to the port of Ran-
3. Gross tons, nrt, and dwt. goon, about 21 miles above the entrance. Most of the low, flat,
4. Fresh water draft fore and aft. and sparsely-wooded land bordering the river consists of rice
5. Maneuvering speed and sea speed. paddies. Compact clumps of trees lie in the vicinity of the vil-
6. Condition of navigational equipment and anchors. lages.
Signals.—The pilot vessel is radio equipped and displays the
8.12 Winds—Weather.—The climate in Rangoon is tropical
8.13

following signals: throughout the year, with three distinct seasons, which are the
1. By day—The regulation pilot flag (Hotel) and, if at monsoon period, the cool period, and the hot period.
anchor, a black ball. During the monsoon season (Southwest Monsoon), from
8.13

2. At night—Lights and signals as prescribed by the about mid-May through September, Rangoon receives most of
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. its average 2,700mm rainfall for the year. Temperatures are
Anchorage.—Deep-draft vessels, awaiting a pilot or anchor-
8.12 moderately warm, 24° to 32°C, but the humidity is very high.
ing for other reasons, should anchor SE of Lanthaya Light Float. After a brief period of warm, humid weather following the
8.13

In good weather, sea and swell permitting, medium-draft vessels monsoon, the cool season begins about mid-November. From
may anchor about 2 miles E of Lanthaya Light Float (Fairway this time until March, the weather is pleasantly cool, 18 to
Light Float) (16°13'N., 96°17'E.) 29°C, and dry with low humidity. Days are sunny with the
Deep-draft vessels drawing over 7.3m may not anchor at the
8.12 nights being cool and the weather is clear.
pilot station. A message from the pilot vessel will advise of a Beginning in March the temperature and humidity com-
8.13

safe anchorage and also when to return to embark the pilot. mence to rise uncomfortably and the dry land bakes in the hot
Directions.—A vessel approaching the Rangoon River from
8.12 season until the first of the monsoon rains bring relief. During
the W should pass about 5 miles S of Alguada Reef and then this season the temperature may rise to 41°C, although the av-
steer to pass about 26 miles S of Baragua Point. Course may erage would be about 35°C.
then be altered to the NE to make for a position 8 miles S of Tides—Currents.—Tides at Rangoon are semidiurnal. The
8.13

Rangoon Pilot Station, passing approximately 2 miles SE of Rangoon River tides are subject to a large diurnal inequality;
Sanda Light Vessel. Once S of the pilot station, course should the times of HW and LW may occur as much as 1 hour before
be altered N for the pilot vessel and then NNE to pass E of or after the computed times. The rise and fall of the tide at the
Lanthaya Light Float (Fairway Light Float) and into the river port as well as near the entrance of the river is considerable.
entrance. Several tide gauges stand on the banks of the river between
8.13

During February and March, when thick fogs are liable to

8.12 its entrance and the anchorage S of Hastings Sand.
occur, great caution is necessary when approaching the en- A tide gauge and a tidal semaphore stand in the harbor, about
8.13

trance of the Rangoon River, as there is not a sufficiently 0.3 mile W of Monkey Point.
marked change in the depths in the channel to enable a vessel The position of the three arms of the tidal semaphore, as ob-
8.13

to determine its position by sounding. served from S, indicate the height of the tide above LWS tide
Vessels approaching the Rangoon River from the E should keep
8.12 level, as follows:
in depths of 10.1 to 11m until the position has been ascertained. 1. Upper arm
Consideration must be given the tidal current, remembering that a. Inclined to the right at 45° angle—1.8m.
the flood or NE current sets very strongly toward and over the b. Placed horizontally to the right—3.7m.
shallows of the entrance of the Sittang River. c. Inclined to the right at 45° angle below horizon-
Caution.—Soundings are not an accurate guide in approach-
8.12 tal—5.5m.
ing the entrance of the Rangoon River. It is important to re- d. Inclined to the left at 45° angle—7.3m.
member that the shore of the Irrawaddy Delta is so low as to be 2. Center arm
invisible until within a few miles of it and that shallow banks a. Inclined to the right at 45° angle—1.8m.
extend in places to considerable distances offshore. During b. Placed horizontally to the right—3.7m.
February and March, when thick fogs are frequent, great cau- c. Inclined to the right at 45° angle below horizon-
tion is necessary when approaching the entrance. tal—5.5m.
Changes in depths in the river and approaches are so rapid
8.12 d. Inclined to the left at 45° angle—1.2m.
and frequent that charts of the area should not be taken as a e. Placed horizontally to the left—1.5m.
sure guide. 3. Lower arm
Dangerous wrecks lie approximately 4 miles S of Thuriya
8.12 a. Inclined to the right at 45° angle—0.09m.
Light Float and 11 miles ENE of the charted position of Sanda b. Placed horizontally to the right—0.18m.

Pub. 173
254 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

c. Inclined to the right at 45° angle below horizon- drafts, subject to change without notice, are forecast for each
tal—0.27m. month.
In the river, the current follows the course of the channel.
8.13 The description of the Rangoon River between its entrance
8.13

Along this course, during spring tides, there are strong eddies and the port of Rangoon is confined to the shoals and banks in
off the points of land; the tidal currents attain excessive veloci- mid-river. Navigational aids mark most of these dangers.
ties. Range lights lead up the river starting in Middle Bank Channel.
Close within the entrance of the river above Elephant Point,
8.13 Caution.—Soundings do not provide a reliable indication of
8.13

the channel is confined between Middle Bank and the W bank position in the approaches to Yangon River. Mariners should
of the river; here the flood current attains velocities of 5 to 6 not attempt to enter the Western Channel unless they are confi-
knots at springs. Above Middle Bank the velocity decreases. dent of their position. Due to silting, buoys and channels are
The tidal current attains its maximum velocity of 5 to 6 knots
8.13 subject to regular movement, particularly in Western Channel.
in the channels on the night of the second day after full or new The chart may not depict the latest location of the deepest
moon. The interval of slack water is only a few minutes. After channel. The port authority should be contacted for the latest
neap tides the tidal current gradually increases in velocity and information.
is rapid until the moon quarters, when the velocity suddenly Middle Bank (16°30'N., 96°20'E.), a continuation of East-
8.13

decreases. On the second and third day after the moon quarters, ern Sands to the NW, lies in mid-channel with its NW end
there is slack water on the flood current for 1.5 hours and for 1 about 4.5 miles NW of Elephant Point. The whole bank dries
hour on the ebb. from 0.3 to 2.7m. The SE end of this bank is marked by a light-
At springs, the flood current sets in abruptly and the tide ris-
8.13 ed buoy.
es 1.8m in the first hour. During this period the ebb current Hmawun Lumps (16°34'N., 96°15'E.), which barely dry, lie
8.13

continues running in mid-channel; slack water occurs at the on the E side of the main channel about 2 miles NW of the NW
end of this hour. The flood current turns earlier inshore than in extremity of Middle Bank.
mid-channel. An obstruction, with a depth of 3.7m, lies NNW of the N end
8.13

The effect of the rains which augment the river during the
8.13 of Hmawun Lumps and is best seen on the chart.
rainy season, June to September inclusive, is to weaken the D’Silva Shoal (16°38'N., 96°15'E.), with a least depth of
8.13

flood current and strengthen the ebb. At times the flood current 0.3m, lies on the NE part of a narrow bank with depths of less
is weakened to the extent that vessels moored in Rangoon Har- than 5.5m, which parallels the W bank of the river. The S end
bor do not swing to it. of this bank lies 2.5 miles NNW of Hmawun Lumps and the N
During spring tides, at times other than the rainy season, tid-
8.13 end closes the shore about 3.3 miles to the N.
al currents in the harbor may attain velocities of 5 to 6 knots. A line drawn between Sinha’s Beacon, on the shore abreast
8.13

The flood current commences about 0.5 hour after time of LW of the N end of the above bank and North Beacon on the oppo-
and the ebb about 1.3 hours after time of HW. site shore, marks the S limit of Rangoon Harbor.
Tidal bores, about 0.9m high, sweep up the Pegu River in the
8.13 An obstruction, with a depth of 7m, lies about 1 mile E of
8.13

sudden rising of the early flood, especially in February, March, Sinha’s Beacon. A wreck, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies 0.3
and April. mile ESE of the obstruction.
Depths—Limitations.—The port of Rangoon is accessible to
8.13 Chokey Shoal (16°41'N., 96°14'E.), with depths of less than
8.13

ocean-going vessels drawing 9.1m, subject to tide and monsoon 5.5m, lies in the middle of the river with its S end about 1.5
conditions. A draft of 8.5 to 9.1m can be taken over the bar at miles NNW of Sinha’s Beacon.
Monkey Point during spring tides, however; in early 1967, be- Chokey Track, which leads between Chokey Shoal and the E
8.13

cause of heavy silting, the maximum draft that could be taken bank of the river, is subject to sudden shoaling and may have
over the outer bar was reduced to 7.9m. The bend in the channel depths of less than 3.7m between August and March.
at Monkey Point imposes a maximum length limitation of Hastings Sand (16°44'N., 96°13'E.), a drying bank about 1
8.13

182.9m to vessels which can be safely taken through the channel mile long, lies on the W side of the main fairway about 5.5
in this vicinity. There is no beam restriction. Vessels over 183m miles NNW of Sinha’s Beacon.
in length are usually moored off Hastings Sand. Kings Bank Sand (16°44'N., 96°12'E.), a similar drying
8.13

Night navigation on the river is practicable up to within the

8.13 bank, lies about 0.5 mile SW of Hastings Sand.
harbor limit, S of Hastings Sand. The Pegu River (16°46'N., 96°13'E.) flows into the Ran-
8.13

Bars in the river, caused in part by excessive silting, cause

8.13 goon River between Syriam Point and Pegu Point. The Pegu
fluctuations in the depths. Usually the controlling river depths River is navigable by light-draft vessels only.
over the bars range between 7.3 and 9.4m at HW, but vary de- Monkey Point (16°46'N., 96°12'E.), the SW entrance point
8.13

pending on the tides which have considerable variance of Pazundaung Creek, lies at the E end of the city of Rangoon
throughout the year. The maximum depths occur toward the about 0.5 mile SW of Pegu Point. The port of Rangoon compris-
end of the monsoon season, August to November. The mini- es a 3.5 mile-long section of the Rangoon River W of Monkey
mum depths occur prior to the monsoon season, February to Point. A beacon stands on Mower’s Point, on the S bank of the
May. Rangoon River, about 3.3 miles W of Monkey Point.
The positions of the bars and banks, as well as the depths
8.13 Twante Canal (16°46'N., 96°08'E.) is entered close W of
8.13

over them, are constantly changing; the chart should not be ac- Mower’s Point; Kanaungto Creek is entered about 0.5 mile SW
cepted as completely accurate and up-to-date. of the entrance to Twante Canal. The NW limit of the Port of
Draft limitations are calculated according to the prevailing
8.13 Rangoon is defined by beacons on both shores of the creek
depths over the bar at the entrance of the river. Provisional about 3.5 miles NW of Mower’s Point.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 255

Rangoon (Yangon) (16°46'N., 96°10'E) 3.8 miles to the W.

Modern alongside berthing facilities are provided as well as
8.14

World Port Index No. 49650 numerous mooring berths in the river abreast of the city.
The port of Rangoon is a first port of entry.
8.14

8.14 Rangoon (Yangon) is the capital, chief city, and prin- Depths—Limitations.—Wrecks and obstructions still exist
8.14

cipal port of the Union of Burma. It lies on the N bank of the in the river abreast of the city of Rangoon, especially between
Rangoon River, between Monkey Point and Kanaungto Creek positions 1.3 and 3.3 miles W of Monkey Point.

Rangoon (Yangon)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Ahlone International Port Terminal
No. 1 200m 10.0m 169m 9.0m 28.0m 28,383 dwt
Containers, PCC, project/heavy, break-
No. 2 200m 10.0m 169m 9.0m 28.0m 28,383 dwt bulk, bunkers, reefer, and general cargo.
Continuous berthing length of 600m.
No. 3 200m 10.0m 169m 9.0m 28.0m 28,383 dwt
Asia World Ahlone Terminal (AWPT)
No. 1 198m — — 9.0m — 15,000 dwt
Containers, breakbulk, bunkers, and reefer.
No. 2 156m — — 9.0m — 15,000 dwt
Continuous berthing length of 615m.
No. 3 260m — 172m 9.0m 28.4m 23,225 dwt
Hteedan Port Terminal (HPT)
No. 2 213m — 172m 9.0m 27.5m 22,390 dwt Containers and bunkers. Continuous berth-
No. 3 213m — 172m 9.0m 27.5m 22,390 dwt ing length of 426m.
International Bulk Terminal Thilawa (IBTT)
Grain, feed, agri inputs, construction mate-
Grain Jetty 230m — 200m — — 20,000 dwt
rials, and bunkers.
Myanmar Industrial Port (MIP)
No. 1 155m — 180m 9.0m 30.0m 24,195 dwt Containers, breabulk, bunkers, and reefer.
No. 2 155m — — 9.0m — 15,000 dwt Containers and reefer.
No. 3 200m — — 9.0m 30.0m 14,295 dwt Containers, breabulk, bunkers, and reefer.
No. 4 200m — 180m 9.0m 30.0m 24,195 dwt Containers, breabulk, bunkers, and reefer.
Myanmar Industrial Terminals Thilawa (MITT)
No. 1 200m 10.0m 210m 9.0m 38.0m 53,495 dwt
No. 2 200m 10.0m 210m 9.0m 38.0m 53,495 dwt
Containers, general cargo, dry bulk, reefer,
No. 3 200m 10.0m 210m 9.0m 38.0m 53,495 dwt ro-/ro/lo-lo, and breakbulk.Continuous
berthing length of 1,000m.
No. 4 200m 10.0m 210m 9.0m 38.0m 53,495 dwt
No. 5 200m 10.0m 210m 9.0m 38.0m 53,495 dwt
Sule Pagoda Whaft (SPW)
No. 1 137m 10.0m 189m 9.0m 32.2m 53,617 dwt
No. 2 137m 10.0m 189m 9.0m 32.2m 53,617 dwt General cargo, dry bulk, ro-ro/lo-lo, and
containers. Continuous berthing length of
No. 3 137m 10.0m 189m 9.0m 32.2m 53,617 dwt 548m.
No. 4 137m 10.0m 189m 9.0m 32.2m 53,617 dwt
No. 5 160m 10.0m 189m 9.0m 32.2m 53,698 dwt
General cargo, dry bulk, and containers.
No. 6 160m 10.0m 189m 9.0m 32.2m 55,698 dwt
Continuous berthing length of 478m.
No. 7 158m 10.0m 189m 9.0m 32.2m 53,698 dwt

Pub. 173
256 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Rangoon (Yangon)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Thilawa Multipurpose International Terminal (TMIT)
Cargo Berth 499m 13.0m 200m 9.0m — 20,000dwt Containers, breakbulk, bunkers, and reefer.
TMT Terminal- Bo Aung Gyaw Wharf (BSW)
No 01 137m 10.0m 175m 9.0m 30.0m 24,195 dwt
Ro-ro/lo-lo, container, breakbulk, and bun-
No 02 137m 10.0m 175m 9.0m 30.0m 24,195 dwt
kers. Continuous berthing length of 457m.
No 03 183m 10.0m 175m 9.0m 30.0m 24,195 dwt
Myanmar Integrated Port Limited (MIPL)
Multipurpo Vegetable oils, ro-ro/lo-lo, container,
200m — 190m 10.0m 32.3m 58,020 dwt
se Berth breakbulk, and multipurpose.
Wilmar Myanmar Port Terminal
Grain Jetty 234m 13.0m — 10.0m — 20,000 dwt Vegetable oils, grain, and bunkers.
APEX Terminal
Clean products. Berthing length of 130m
Oil Berth 74m — 139m 8.0m 21.9m 13,210 dwt
(including dolphins).
Denko Thilawa Oil Storage Tank Terminal
Oil Jetty 110m — — 9.0m — 20,000 dwt Clean products.
Eco Friendly Fuel Terminal
LPG. Berthing length of 123m (including
LPG Jetty 23m — — — — —
dolphins).
Elite Petrochemical Terminal
Tanker Jetty 204m — — — — 20,000 dwt LPG.
Green Asia Terminal
Clean and dirty products. Berthing length
T Jetty 135m — 183m 9.0m 36.0m 49,999 dwt
of 175m (including dolphins).
Hteedan Oil Terminal
Hteedan Oil
Chemicals, clean products, and vegetable
Berth 120m — 110m 9.0m 21.0m 8,828 dwt
oils.
(HOB)
MPE
Lub Oil
62m — 110m — — 6,000 dwt Chemicals, crude oil, and dirty products.
Jetty
MPE No. 2 — — 115m — — 8,000 dwt Closed.
MPE No. 4 — — 120m — — — Closed.
Myat Myatta Mon Terminal (MMTM)
Petroleum products and aviation fuel.
Oil Berth 85m — 183m 9.0m 36.0m 49,999 dwt Berthing length of 131m (including dol-
phins).
Padauk Shwe War Terminal (PSW)
Clean products. Berthing length of 100m
Tanker Jetty 172m — — 9.0m — 10,000 dwt
(including dolphins).

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 257

Rangoon (Yangon)—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Puma Energy Terminal
Aviation fuel, clean products, and dirty
L Jetty 190m — 178m 9.0m 31.5m 40,960 dwt
products.

Between positions about 1 and 1.8 miles W of Monkey

8.14
Yangon (Rangoon)—Contact Information
Point, depths in the river range from 6.4 to 9.1m. These depths
exist abreast of the small wharves closest to Monkey Point, but Myanmar Industrial Port
are subject to rapid change because of heavy silting. Farther W, 95-1-229-880
abreast of Brooking Street Wharf and Sule Pagoda Wharf, the
depths range from 7.6 to 12.2m. Abreast Mower’s Point, the 95-1-224-539
depths range from 9.1 to 18.3m. Construction of an overhead Telephone 95-1-221-416
bridge is in progress (2019), 3 miles W of Monkey Point, near
95-1-227-091
Mower’s Point.
Berthing details can be found in the table titled Rangoon
8.14 95-1-211-361
(Yangon)—Berth Information.
95-1-221-418
Pilotage.—General pilotage information applicable to the
8.14

approaches to the Rangoon River has been previously de- Facsimile 95-1-221-204
scribed in paragraph 8.12. 95-1- 221-286
Near the river bend abreast of Monkey Point, a harbormaster
8.14

and mooring crew take over direction of the inbound vessel from E-mail mip@myanmarindustrial.com.mm
the pilot. The vessel is berthed alongside a wharf, anchored, or Web site http://www.myanmarindustrialport.com
moored to buoys at the discretion of the harbormaster. Unmoor-
ing is accomplished by a similar crew. Berthing operations with- Myanmar Integrated Port, Thilawa
in the harbor are limited to daylight hours. 95-1-701-970
Masters of vessels preparing to depart must apply for a pilot
8.14
Telephone
at least 24 hours prior to the time of sailing. Immediately after 95-1-701-970
a vessel has cleared its moorings or otherwise cast off, the out- Web site http://www.miplmyanmar.com
bound pilot takes over direction of the vessel.
Myanmar International Terminals, Thilawa
No entering and leaving the river without a pilot is allowed
8.14

due to a confined passage. 95-9-861-3909

Regulations.—Port officials board vessels off Monkey
8.14

Telephone 95-9-861-3929
Point. Vessels with a draft of 8m or more must anchor about 8
miles S of the pilot station and await instructions from the pi- 95-9-861-3949
lot. 95-9-861-7168
The boarding pilot will hand the master a book of port rules
8.14
Facsimile
and regulations. This book will cover in detail the majority of the 95-9-861-8364
vessel’s activities in the port of Rangoon, as well as items of gen- mitt@mitt.com.mm
eral information. Fines are imposed for violation of many of the E-mail
rules; a close study of them is obviously important. http://www.mitt.com.mm
Reporting requirements for the vessel’s ETA are given in
8.14
Pilots
paragraph 8.12.
Telephone 95-9-4422-60233 (mobile)
Yangon (Rangoon)—Contact Information E-mail mmpamyanmar@gmail.com
Port Authority Web site http://www.mmpa-myanmar.org/default
VHF VHF channels 10, 12, 14, and 16
Signals.—Vessels intending to transit Monkey Point Chan-
8.14

95-1-387-116 nel during daylight should display the International Code Flag
Telephone
95-1-387-117 Signal BB when passing Dry Tree Point. If the intentions of the
vessel are changed, the signal should be lowered for the infor-
E-mail website.mpa2016@gmail.com mation of outbound vessels.
http://www.mpa.gov.mm Storm and weather signals are displayed from a flagstaff near
8.14

Web site the port commissioner’s offices; the Indian Extended System is
http://www.myanmaportauthority.com used. Further information on these storm signals may be found
in Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic

Pub. 173
258 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Ocean and Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” and length of the craft and the season of the year, dry or rainy.
Contact Information.—See the table titled Yangon (Ran-
8.14 Craft with drafts of 1.2m can reach Bhamo at all seasons;
8.15

goon)—Contact Information. craft with drafts of 1.8m can reach Thayetmo. The passage was
Anchorage.—Anchorages for cargo vessels, vessels carrying
8.14 once accomplished in July by a vessel drawing 3.1m.
explosives, vessels carrying dangerous petroleum products, and Tides—Currents.—The tidal influence is observed as far as
8.15

quarantine anchorages are described in the port rules book. Danubyu, about 70 miles from the coast.
Anchorage Area CCA lies S of Monkey Point and W of
8.14 The seasonal rise of the river begins in March and attains its
8.15

Kings Point. maximum height in September. At Prome, 318 miles above

The lower quarantine anchorage, the same as that for vessels
8.14 Rangoon, the mean high level is about 1m above the dry season
carrying dangerous petroleum products, lies in the E side of the level. The rise varies, but as a rule the rise below Prome is
river NNW of Chokey Point and N to Hastings Sand. This an- somewhat less and above Prome, it is somewhat more than the
chorage is used by vessels awaiting favorable tide conditions to mean high level.
cross the bar at Monkey Point; vessels also use the anchorage The average velocity of the river current is 3 knots in por-
8.15

for topping-off purposes. tions of the river above the limit of the tidal influence. At some
Caution.—It was reported buoys indicating the safe and nav-
8.14 points it is 5 to 6 knots; at Akauktaung (18°25'N., 95°11'E.), a
igable channel were missing and that charted approaches to velocity of 7.5 knots has been recorded in August.
rangoon river are unreliable. Submarine pipelines are laid Pilotage.—The frequent fluctuations of the river can be
8.15

across the mouth of the Pegu River and close within the mouth closely followed only by the local pilots, of which many are
of Pazundaung Creek; anchorage is prohibited in these areas: natives. Each pilot is qualified for a portion of the river about
1. NEA Area 3 in position 16°38'41.4''N, 96°15'31.8''E. 65 miles long. They are considered trustworthy.
2. NEA Area 2 in position 16°39'04.2''N, 96°15'15.0''E
3. NEA Area 1 in position 16°39'31.2''N, 96°14'49.2''E. 8.16 Mandalay (21°59'N., 96°08'E.), about 350 miles N of
4. Explosives in position 16°41'12.0''N, 96°13'30.0''E. Rangoon, is the headquarters of the division and district of
5. Petroleum in position 16°42'37.2''N, 96°13'15.0''E. Mandalay as well as the chief city of Upper Burma. Mandalay
6. Cargo boat in position 16°45'27.6''N, 96°11'22.8''E. is connected to the railway and telegraph systems; river steam-
7. CCA in position 16°45'33.0''N, 96°10'54.0''E. ers communicate regularly with the city. The following table
8. RTA in position 16°45'43.8''N, 96°10'27.6''E. gives the names of the more important cities and towns on the
9. Unrestricted in position 16°46'06.0''N, 96°09'03.6''E. waterway and the distances, in miles, by river:
10. Ahlone Reach in position 16°47'13.8''N,
96°06'56.4''E. Rangoon to Thayetmyo 305 miles
11. West Bagayar in position 16°47'45.0''N,
96°07'00.0''E. Thayetmyo to Minhla 46 miles
Two submarine cables border the limit of the harbor in the
8.14 Minhla to Yenangyaung 40 miles
Pegu River.
Yenangyaung to Pagan 42 miles
Dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie SE of the pilot
8.14

boarding station. Pagan to Myingyan 40 miles

Sounding does not provide a reliable indication of position in
8.14

Myingyan to Mandalay 65 miles

the approaches to Yangon River. Mariners should not attempt
to enter the Western Channel unless they are confident of their Mandalay to Kabwet 56 miles
position. Kabwet to Myadaung 70 miles
Due to silting, buoys and channels are subject to regular
8.14

movement. The port authority should be contacted for the most Miles Myadaung to Modah 45 miles
up-to-date information. Modah to Bhamo 53 miles

The Irrawaddy River Rangoon to Bhamo (total) 762 miles

8.15 The navigable length of the Irrawaddy River and its The Gulf of Martaban
branches totals about 800 miles from the sea to Bhamo. Inten-
sive traffic is carried on by native craft and by river craft of 8.17 The Gulf of Martaban lies N of an imaginary line be-
varying draft belonging principally to the Inland Waterways tween Baragua Point and Kalegauk Island about 135 miles to
Transport Board. This traffic is facilitated by the rise of the riv- the E. The gulf is relatively shallow within its limits, with the
er due to seasonal heavy rains. 20m curve lying about even with the imaginary line between
Ocean-going vessels, as a rule, proceed no farther than the
8.15 Baragua Point and Kalegauk Island. Depths N of this curve de-
ports of Bassein and Rangoon, where the industrial and mari- crease gradually N toward the shore and the mouth of the Sit-
time activities of the entire region converge. tang River.
Changes in the channels, the depths, and the velocity and di-
8.15 The coast ENE of the entrance of the Rangoon River to the
8.17

rection of the current are so frequent and so marked that navi- mouth of the Sittang River is low and fronted by an extensive
gation of the Irrawaddy River is always complicated. For shallow mud and sand bank. This area is very dangerous to
example, different routes between the same two river towns of- shipping.
ten exist; the route is selected only after considering the draft

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 259

The Sittang River to the Tavoy River groups lie parallel to the coast for a distance of 42 miles with
North Island, the N island, lying about 14 miles SSW of Kand-
8.18 The Sittang River Entrance (16°50'N., 96°55'E.) lies aung Promontory. The group lies within the 40m curve and are
at the head of the Gulf of Martaban and is fronted by shallow generally steep-to on their W sides.
dangerous depths. Only native craft can transit the river. Canals North Island (14°28'N., 97°47'E.), 138m high, is the N is-
8.19

within the entrance lead through the inland waterway system. land of the Heinze Islands. Some rocks, 8.5m high, lie 0.5 mile
A dangerous bore sweeps up the Sittang River at spring tides
8.18 NNE of North Island.
and is often followed by an equally dangerous choppy sea. North Patch, which dries 2.4m, lies about 2 miles N of North
8.19

The coast E of the entrance of the Sittang River and that part
8.18 Island. A dangerous wreck lies about 0.75 SW of North Patch.
of the coast fronting the Gulf of Martaban SSE to the entrance East Ledge, which dries 4.6m, lies about 1.5 miles E of North
of the Moulmein River is low and alluvial. From the entrance Island.
of the Moulmein River SSE to abreast of Kaleguak Island, the Heinze Bok, 312m high and the largest of the Heinze Is-
8.19

remaining coast is low with a few scattered hills of less than lands, lies about 2 miles S of North Island. Two islands and
305m high. some above-water rocks lie in between. Reef Islet, 51.5m high,
In the vicinity of the entrance of the Ye River, the hills be-
8.18 lies 1.5 miles E of the S end of Heinze Bok. A rock, with a
come more numerous and mountain ranges begin to parallel depth of less than 1.8m, lies close S of Reef Islet.
the coast. South of the Ye River to Heinze Chaung, some con- Bok Ye-gan (14°16'N., 97°49'E.), 359m high and the furthest
8.19

spicuous peaks rise from these ranges. S of the Heinze Islands, lies about 6.5 miles SSE of Heinze Bok.
Southsoutheast of Heinze Chaung to the entrance of the Tav-
8.18 Two islets lie within 1 mile of the NE side of Bok Ye-gan and
oy River, coastal ranges with prominent peaks continue to par- four islets lie between Bok Ye-gan and Heinze Bok.
allel the coast. Between Maungmagan Bay and Tavoy Point the The Maungmagan Islands comprise four densely-wooded is-
8.19

bold, rocky coast is broken by many small indentations. lands. Sabyat (14°12'N., 97°47'E.), 119m high and the north-
Depths—Limitations.—Depths of 11 to 18.3m lie off the
8.18 ernmost island of the group, lies 3.8 miles SSW of Bok Ye-gan.
coast between the SW shore of Bilugyun Island and the N end North Island, the largest of the group, lies 1 mile farther S. Pa-
of Kalegauk Island. sut Kyun lies 0.5 mile SE of the middle of the SE side of North
Between Kalegauk Island and Tavoy Point, the 20m curve
8.18 Island, and South Island lies 0.8 mile SE of the S extremity of
lies at distances of 11 miles to less than 1 mile offshore. North Island.
From a position about 10 miles W of the entrance of the
8.18 Kyank Butaung and Nghettaik Taung lie 3 miles E of North
8.19

Heinze Chaung, the 40m curve is charted in a very irregular Island.

pattern to the W. Toward the Gulf of Martaban, depths of less Maungmagan Passage (14°00'N., 97°50'E.), a deep clear
8.19

than 36.6m lie N of the curve. channel with depths of 25.6 to 42.1m, lie between the Maung-
Between Heinze Chaung and Tavoy Point, the 40m curve lies
8.18 magan Islands and the Launglon Bok Islands.
at distances of about 7 to 24 miles offshore. All of the off-lying North Island, Hngetthaik Kyun, and South Island are the
8.19

islands and dangers between Bilugyun Island and Tavoy Point principal islands of the Launglon Bok Islands. All lie close to-
lie inside the 40m curve. gether in a N and S direction. Atema Kyun lies close off the E
Depths and dangers which lie inside the 20m curve are de-
8.18 side of North Island; Kama Kyun lies close off the E side of
scribed in detail together with that part of the coast which they South Island. All islands of the group are densely wooded.
front. Ross Sand is the only exception. Kyaukpyu Kyun (13°46'N., 97°55'E.), a jungle-covered
8.19

Headlam Patch (15°08'N., 97°38'E.), which has a least

8.18 rocky islet 49m high, lies 1 mile SE of the S extremity of South
depth of 11.9m, lies about 8.5 miles WSW of Pagoda Point and Island.
is about 2.5 miles long and 1 mile wide. South Ledge, which dries 4.6m, lies about 0.8 mile S of the S
8.19

Shearme Sand (15°04'N., 97°35'E.), a long, narrow shoal

8.18 extremity of South Island.
with a least depth of 11m, lies about 12.8 miles SW of Pagoda During bad weather, it is recommended that anchorage be
8.19

Point. taken E of Maungmagan Island, in depths of 16.5 to 21.9m, be-

Ross Sand (14°55'N., 97°41'E.), a narrow shoal about 9
8.18 tween Nghettaik Taung and South Island and, in depths of 16.5
miles long, with depths of less than 11m, lies with its N end to 18.3m, E of Sabyat Kyun.
about 5 miles W of Da That Island. The N part of the sand has Anchorage can be taken E of North Island of the Launglon
8.19

a least depth of 3m and is usually marked by discolored water Bok Group, in depths of 21.9 to 25.6m, with Atema Kyun bear-
and tide rips. A narrow shoal, with depths of 11.9 to 18.3m, ing 350°.
lies about 2 miles W of Ross Sand. Moscos Channel (14°30'N., 97°51'E.) lies between the three
8.19

Sinclair Shoal (14°53'N., 97°21'E.), with two detached

8.18 groups of the Moscos Islands and the coast to the E. Depths in
9.1m patches, lies about 14.5 miles WNW of the S end of Ross the fairway range from 18.3 to 36.6m, except at its N end E of
Sand. North Ledge and North Patch, where the depths are less than
18.3m.
The Moscos Islands
The Moulmein River
8.19 The Moscos Islands (14°10'N., 97°48'E.) comprise
three groups of uninhabited islands known as the Heinze Is- 8.20 The Moulmein River (16°09'N., 97°31'E.) has its
lands (North Moscos), the Maungmagan Islands (Middle Mos- source about several hundred miles inland and discharges into
cos), and the Launglon Bok Islands (South Moscos). The the Gulf of Martaban between the S end of Bilugyun Island and

Pub. 173
260 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

the mainland. The Martaban River branches off from the ban is NNE. It becomes more N as the E shore is approached;
Moulmein River abreast of the city of Moulmein and discharg- within a distance of 10 miles it parallels the shore. The ebb cur-
es into the gulf between the N end of Bilugyun Island and the rent in all parts of the gulf sets almost invariable in a direction
mainland. This latter river is not navigable. opposite to that of the flood current. The velocities of the tidal
The entrance of the Moulmein River lies between Tounzoun
8.20 currents at springs increase from 2 to 3 knots in depths of over
Point and Amherst Point, about 9 miles to the S. 36.6m to from 6 to 7 knots in position 16°15'N, 97°00'E. During
The port of Moulmein, about 26 miles N of the river’s en-
8.20 and immediately after the Southwest Monsoon, the duration and
trance, lies opposite the NE extremity of Bilugyun Island. velocity of the ebb current are increased and those of the flood
Depths—Limitations.—The river is generally navigable
8.20 current are decreased. The duration of slack water at springs
from the gulf to Moulmein by vessels drawing 3.7 to 4.9m at does not usually exceed 0.5 hour.
HWN and 5.8 to 7.3m at HWS. The draft varies according to In the approaches to the entrance of the Moulmein River the
8.20

the monsoon seasons. In 1960, vessels with drafts up to 7.6m flood current sets N along the coast. The ebb current at first
entered the port. sets WSW and then S. The velocity of the ebb current is con-
Vessels approaching the entrance of the Moulmein River
8.20 siderable as a result of the flow from the Sittang River and the
from the W should pass 6 to 8 miles S of Sanda Light Vessel in Moulmein River.
depths of 25.6 to 29.3m and then steer to make Double Island. In the vicinity of Double Island, the flood current sets N and
8.20

This island should be passed a convenient distance to the W the ebb S. The velocity at springs is 4.5 knots and neaps 2
and kept bearing less than 153° until the lighthouse on Green knots. The tidal currents turn about 0.5 hour later than at Am-
Island bears 048°, when the outer anchorage should be steered herst Point.
for on that bearing. Tidal currents attain velocities of 3 knots at springs in the
8.20

During March, when the land near the entrance of the

8.20 channel between Hnetthalk Kyun and the mainland W of Tavoy
Moulmein River is seldom seen from a greater distance than Point.
0.5 mile, a landfall must be made well S of the entrance and a
position off Double Island ascertained before shaping course 8.21 The coast E of the entrance of the Sittang River is low
for the river entrance. and backed by the Zingyaik Mountains, which roughly parallel
In clear weather and often on a bright moonlit night, the high
8.20 the coast about 9 miles inland N of Biligyun Island. Pagodas
mountains on the mainland E of Double Island may be sighted stand on the northernmost summits which have the greatest el-
before the lighthouse or the light on Double Island. evation.
In thick weather and during the Southwest Monsoon, the
8.20 As the mountains rise a considerable distance inland from
8.21

land a little S of Kalegauk Island should be made if the position navigable waters, their value as navigable aids are greatly re-
of the vessel is doubtful. In bad weather, particularly at or near duced. However, on a clear day they are visible up to distances
spring tides, vessels should not proceed to the anchorage off in excess of 50 miles.
Amherst, but should pass inside of Kalegauk Island and anchor Bilugyun Island (16°23'N., 97°31'E.), about 17 miles long
8.21

in Bentinck Sound. and 8 miles wide, has a range of wooded hills on its N part
When proceeding from Rangoon to the entrance of the
8.20 which attain elevations of over 180m. Several isolated lower
Moulmein River in fine and clear weather, the lofty peak of the hills rise in the S part of the island. Steep-to shoals front the W
Zingyaik Range and the high land of Bilugyun Island and of side of the N part of the island as far as 4 to 5 miles offshore.
Sin Taung may all be identified. In thick weather, especially Touzoun Point and an unnamed point about 0.8 mile to the E
during February, March, and April, it is advisable to make the are the S extremities of Bilugyun Island.
land between Button Island and Setse Yele Paya. Under normal conditions, the length of a vessel entering the
8.21

Vessels frequently run aground on Bilugyun Sands in fog as

8.20 port is limited to 137.2m if a single-screw vessel and 144.8m if
a result of being too far N of the landfalls mentioned for ap- a twin-screw vessel. Reports indicate a vessel with a length of
proaches in thick weather. Soundings do not give warnings of 152.4m may be taken to Moulmein under ideal conditions.
the near approach to the banks, rocks, and shoals which border The navigable depth available is related to the power of the
8.21

the E shore of the Gulf of Martaban. vessel. Because of strong cross-channel currents, the deepest
When proceeding from Rangoon to Moulmein, great care
8.20 channel is not always available to vessels not capable of a 10-
should be exercised to allow for the strong tidal currents. knot speed.
For a distance of about 10 miles S of Dolphin’s Nose, vessels
8.20 Entrance into the river at night is not permitted. No vessel
8.21

should not approach within 7 miles of the coast. The depths are should attempt to enter the river without a pilot on board.
less than 9.1m. Farther S, a closer approach to the coast may be During the monsoon season, the maximum sailing draft from
8.21

made abreast Luce Hill and Sieve Hill. Moulmein, in May to September, ranges from 4.6 to 7.4m.
Vessels transiting Moscos Channel during the day should
8.20 During the dry season, October to April, the draft ranges from
pass E of North Ledge. At the S entrance of the channel, ves- 3.4 to 6.9m.
sels should not pass between Kyaukpyu Kyun and South Winds—Weather.—From July to September, the weather is
8.21

Ledge. stormy. In December, January, and February, the winds are

Tides—Currents.—Between the entrance of the Rangoon
8.20 light and the weather is fine.
River and the Moulmein River, the flood current sets toward and The mornings and evenings of days in January are misty; to-
8.21

into the Sittang River. On the Rangoon side of this area the set is wards the end of the month the weather becomes foggy. Fogs
NNE and N; on the Moulmein side the set is NNW. The general become thick and frequent toward the end of February and
direction of the flood current in other parts of the Gulf of Marta- throughout March. During this interval, they last at times for 3

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 261

or 4 days and obscure even the banks of the river. ter LW at Amherst; the ebb current commences 1.5 hours after
When the farmers burn waste paddy straw, dense smoke fur-
8.21 HW at Amherst.
ther reduces visibility. At Nathmaw, the flood current commences 3.2 hours after
8.21

Rainfall is heavy between May and September.

8.21 LW at Amherst while the ebb current 1.7 hours after HW at
Storm and weather signals are displayed from the port office
8.21 Amherst.
flagstaff; the Indian General System is used. Further informa-
tion on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sailing Moulmein—Tidal Information
Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian
Ocean under “India—Signals.” Duration of
Time
Tides—Currents.—Tides at Amherst Point and Moulmein
8.21
Flood Ebb
are semidiurnal.
October through January 4 hours 8 hours
Tides in the river to the port of Moulmein are subject to large
8.21

diurnal inequalities and seasonal variations. February through May 5 hours 7 hours
Tide gauges stand in the following positions:
June 3 hours 9 hours
8.21

1. Near the landing about 0.5 mile ENE of Amherst

Point. There is no flood
2. On the E bank of the river, about 7 miles NNE of Am- July through September current except at —
herst Point. maximum spring
3. Off the W side of New Kingyaung Island.
4. On the W side of the river, off the point at Nathmaw. The durations of the flood and ebb tidal currents at Amherst
8.21

5. Off the E bank, about 0.5 mile SSW of Mupon Pago- are the same the year round.
da. Depths—Limitations.—Considerably less water than chart-
8.21

6. Off the port office at Moulmein. ed is reported to exist in the approaches to the entrance of the
These gauges are painted in red, black, and white bands
8.21
Moulmein River.
which comprise a 1.8m section. To the top of the red band is After every monsoon, marked changes are observed; alter-
8.21

1.8m, and to the top of the white band is 0.9m. Each band is ations in the arrangement of the channel and the river banks oc-
0.3m high; the 0.6m black bands between the red and white cur and the bars are often found in new positions, with altered
bands have narrow white lines across the middle, marking two depths over them.
equal divisions of 0.3m each. The entrance of the Moulmein River is greatly encumbered
8.21

Each bar in the river has its own particular tide gauge, which
8.21
by extensive sand banks and reefs.
is moved as the bar shifts. Drying banks of mud and sand, with shoals with depths of
8.21

The zeros of the tide gauges are set to the level of Indian
8.21
5.5m and less on the seaward side of them, lie within a distance
Spring LW. of about 3.8 miles SSW of Tounzoun Point. Similarly, the
A tidal semaphore, 24.4m high and painted red, stands on the
8.21
above dangers lie about 3 and 4 miles W and WNW, respec-
W bank of the river at Nathmaw, about 1 mile WSW of the S tively, of Tounzoun Point.
end of Yele Kyun. It is visible from the S end of Ameila Cross-
ing, about 2 miles E of the S extremity of Hintha Kyun. Anoth- 8.22 Bilugyun Sands (16°10'N., 97°32'E.), which dry in
er semaphore, 15.2m high and painted white, stands at places, cover most of the middle of the entrance and are separat-
Thetkaw on the W bank, about 2 miles above Nathmaw. It is ed from the shoals S of Bilugyun Island by a channel. This pas-
visible from the S from abreast the N part of Hintha Kyun and sage is sometimes narrow and shallow and at other times wide
N from the berths off Mupon. and deep. At such times it becomes the main channel leading in-
The system is the same as the one used in the Karnaphuli
8.21
to the river. The sands are steep-to on their seaward side and
River and registers the rise of the tide during daylight hours. soundings give no warning when approaching them.
In the offing abreast Amherst, the flood or N current com-
8.21
Goodwin Sands (16°07'N., 97°35'E.), which dry up to 3m,
8.22

mences about 0.5 hour after LW at Amherst Point; the ebb or S lie on the S side of the river entrance E of Bilugyun Channel
current commences about 0.5 hour after HW. The velocity of and N and NE of Amherst Point.
the current is 3.8 knots at springs and 2 knots at neaps. The in- Bilugyun Channel lies between Bilugyun Sands and Good-
8.22

terval of slack water is very short. win Sands. In 1966, there was a least depth of 6.4m in this
Off the entrance of the Moulmein River the flood current sets
8.21
channel at MLWS. Channel depths to Moulmein have charted
towards Longstones Reef; when the outer banks are covered it depths of as little as 3m.
sets strongly E or NE over the sands. Longstones Reef (16°06'N., 97°32'E.), which has its outer
8.22

Off Green Island during the dry season, the flood current
8.21
edge about 2 miles NW of Amherst Point, consists of drying
commences at the time of LW at Amherst while the ebb current and sunken rocks, with depths of less then 5.5m.
commences 1 hour after HW at Amherst. An area of rocky shoals, with depths of 5.5m and less, lie
8.22

During the dry season, the velocity of the river current is 3

8.21
within 0.5 mile WSW and 0.8 mile S of the outer edge of
knots. In the rainy season the velocity is higher; during August, Longstone Reef. A detached 8.2m patch lies 2.8 miles W of
the rains raise the level of the river to 8.5m and a velocity of 7 Amherst Point.
knots is attained. Devils Horn (16°05'N., 97°33'E.), a rock which dries up to
8.22

At Anchoring Creek, on the E side of the river abreast the S

8.21
3.7m, lies between Longstone Reef and Amherst Point and
end of Hintha Kyun, the flood current commences 2.3 hours af- about 1 mile NW of the latter. Foul ground and shoal patches,

Pub. 173
262 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

with depths of less than 5.5m, lie within 1 mile W to NW of buoys for vessels up to 152.4m in length and drawing up to 7m.
Amherst Point. There is also an anchorage berth for a vessel of up to 1,000 gt.
Except at slack water, the channels between the rocks should
8.22 Anchorage can also be taken abreast of the N part of
8.23

not be attempted without local knowledge. Moulmein, where there are three berths for vessels with drafts
Green Island (16°04'N., 97°33'E.), about 1 mile SSW of
8.22 of 6.1 to 7.6m; a mooring buoy is available at this anchorage.
Amherst Point, is surrounded by foul ground. An approach of Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for merchant vessels of
8.23

less than 0.5 mile to the island is dangerous. over 200 gt displacement.
The coast up to several miles S of Amherst Point is fringed
8.22 The pilot station is situated on Amherst Point. If arranged for
8.23

by foul ground which extends about 0.5 mile offshore in plac- in advance, a pilot is available on display of the usual day sig-
es. Shoal depths of less than 5.5m lie up to 1 mile offshore nal or by a blue light at night. Entrance into the river at night
along this section of coast. has been discontinued.
When approaching the Moulmein River Entrance, care
8.22 Vessels should send their ETA, draft, and speed about 24
8.23

should be taken to avoid the fishing stakes about 5 miles WNW hours before arrival to Port of Moulmein via Rangoon Radio.
of Tounzoun Point. The pilot must travel to Amherst by launch or car. There is no
Aspect.—Tounzoun Point (16°14'N., 97°32'E.), on the N
8.22 pilot vessel
side of the entrance, is the S extremity of a ridge about 0.5 mile Pilots will board vessels in the vicinity of the outer anchor-
8.23

long which slopes toward the point from a height of about age, W of Green Island. It is advisable to arrive at the anchor-
51.8m. Kwanhla Pagoda stands on a hill about 1.3 mile NE of age 2 hours before time of HW at Amherst and anchor while
the point and is a good landmark. Two other pagodas stand on a awaiting the pilot.
hill about 0.8 mile E of the Point. A pilot beacon, 1.8m high, which is a wooden mast with a
8.23

white corrugated-iron topmark, stands about 0.2 mile SW of

8.23 Amherst Point (16°05'N., 97°34'E.), on the S side of Water Pagoda. A light, for the use of the pilot only, is displayed
the entrance, is fronted by a bluff with an old pagoda on it. A from the mast.
conspicuous pagoda stands on piles on a drying reef close Signals.—A signal station is situated on Amherst Point;
8.23

NNW of Amherst Point. Another pagoda stands near a cliffy flags of the International Code of Signals are displayed from a
point about 1 mile S of the point. Sin Taung, a 285m high hill, mast.
about 4.8 miles SE of the point, is conspicuous when viewed Regulations.—There shall be no communication between
8.23

from the W. The village of Amherst stands just within Amherst any vessel, which is liable under Quarantine Regulations to
Point. display the International Code of Signals Flag L, and the shore
During the month of March the land near the Moulmein Riv-
8.23 of any other boat or vessel, except to receive the pilot and his
er Entrance is seldom visible more than 0.5 mile. servant and baggage, until permission is granted in writing by
The various channels and crossings between Bilugyun Chan-
8.23 the Health Officer.
nel and the port of Moulmein are subject to constant change If there is a suspected case of plague on board or if more
8.23

and no detailed description will be made of them. than two deaths from any cause have occurred during the voy-
When entering the Moulmein River, red conical buoys indi-
8.23 age, the pilot anchors the vessel in Halfway Anchorage to
cate the E or starboard side of the channel and black can buoys await the Health Officer; in other cases vessels are anchored in
indicate the W or port side of the channel. the lower end of Mupon Reach.
The buoys are numbered consecutively from seaward; on
8.23 Vessels which have, within a period of 2 months immediate-
8.23

each buoy is painted the initial letter of the channel it marks. ly preceding their arrival, started from or touched enroute at a
The buoys are moved to conform to the channel which shifts port infected with yellow fever, or communicated, except oral-
with the seasons. After heavy freshets, the positions of the ly without contact or by signal, with a vessel which is either in-
buoys may be unreliable. fected with yellow fever, or communicated, except orally
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken outside the entrance
8.23 without contact or by signal, with a vessel which is either in-
of the Moulmein River, with Green Island Light bearing 090°, fected with yellow fever or which has left a port infected with
distant 2 miles. Shelter is provided against the strong spring yellow fever within that period, shall be allowed to anchor only
ebb current during freshets. The depth in this position is about at the outer anchorage W of Green Island.
18.3m, mud, with good holding ground.
There are several anchorages in the river, but vessels must
8.23
Moulmein Harbor (16°29'N., 97°37'E.)
moor as they cannot lie at single anchor.
Anchorage can be taken by two vessels of not more than
8.23 World Port Index No. 49660
137.2m in length, in a depth of 6.4m, at the N end of Long Is-
land Channel E of the S end of Hintha Kyun. 8.24 Moulmein Harbor comprises a 4-mile section of the
Deep-draft vessels may moor off Natmaw, about 1 mile SW
8.23 river from Mupon Pagoda N to Battery Point. The width of the
of the S end of Yele Kyun. river within the limits of the harbor range from 0.2 to 0.5 mile.
Mupon Anchorage lies off Mupon Pagoda, about 1.3 miles N
8.23 Moulmein, Burma’s third-largest city and third-ranking port,
8.24

of the N end of Yele Kyun, with depths (1964) of 11 to 12.8m. lies on the E bank of river about 22 miles N of the entrance.
There are mooring buoys, for the use of naval vessels, close in- Ocean-going vessels capable of transiting the river load and
8.24

shore, about 0.5 mile N of Mupon Pagoda. discharge cargo at the mooring buoy berths in the river abreast
Moulmein Anchorage lies abreast the town of Moulmein,
8.23 of the city.
about 2 miles N of Mupon Pagoda. There are three mooring Moulmein is a first port of entry.
8.24

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 263

Depths—Limitations.—In 1966, the harbor depth in the

8.24 Bluff Point (15°46'N., 97°42'E.), which rises to a height of
8.24

middle of the fairway, other than the depths over Fairway 100m, lies 12.5 miles SSE of Setse Yele Paya. A pagoda stands
Rocks and Town Rock, ranged from 4.9 to 2.5m. These depths on a reef about 1.3 miles N of Bluff Point.
are subject to change because of silting. Double Island (15°52'N., 97°35'E.), lies about 12.3 miles S
8.24

Mupon Reef lies close off the E bank of the river, almost 0.5
8.24 of Amherst Point and about 6.5 miles offshore. The island lies
mile N of Mupon Pagoda. Patches of rock on this reef dry on the NW edge of a shoal, with depths of less than 11m,
about 0.6m at LW during the dry season, February and March. which is about 1.3 miles long and 0.3 mile wide. Less water
Sirrocco Rock, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies on the E side
8.24 than charted has been reported to exist in the vicinity of Double
of the channel a little more than 1 mile N of Mupon Pagoda Island. Vessels when passing should give it a wide berth.
and about 0.4 mile off the E bank. Caution.—Should the light on Double Island appear to
8.24

A rock, with a depth of 1.5m, lies on the E side of the chan-

8.24 darken for short intervals, it signifies that the lighthouse keep-
nel about midway between Mupon Reef and Sirrocco Rock, ers require assistance. Notify the local authorities as soon as
and about 0.8 mile N of Mupon Pagoda. possible.
Rocky, foul ground lies about 0.2 mile NE of Sirrocco Rock.
8.24

Fairway Rocks (16°28'N., 97°37'E.), with a least depth of

8.24

2.1m, lie in mid-channel about 0.3 mile NNW of Sirrocco

Rock. A rocky patch, with a depth of 4.9m, lies midway be-
tween Sirrocco Rock and Fairway Rocks.
Wales Rock (16°28'N., 97°37'E.), with a depth of 0.9m, lies
8.24

close off the E bank about 1.5 miles N of Mupon Pagoda. A

3.3m patch lies close NW of Wales Rock.
Castle Rocks (16°28'N., 97°37'E.), with depths of less than
8.24

1.8m and rocks awash at their S end, lie about 0.5 mile N of
Wales Rock.
Town Rock (16°29'N., 97°37'E.), with a least depth of 1.8m,
8.24
8.24 Double Island Light
lies near mid-channel about 0.5 mile NW of Castle Rocks. A
sunken rock, with depths of less than 1.8m in the vicinity, lies 8.25 North Rocks (15°46'N., 97°39'E.) consist of two
close offshore about 0.5 mile NNE of Town Rock. groups of rocks, about 1.3 miles apart, which lie on a shoal
A reef lies close off the E bank, about 0.3 mile SW of Bat-
8.24
about 3 miles WNW and a similar distance NW of Bluff Point.
tery Point which lies at the N end of the city. Depths of less A rock in the S group is 6m high, but the N group dries up to
than 1.8m surround the reef and border the shore in the vicinity 5.2m. The channel between North Rocks and the coast is un-
of Battery Point. safe and should not be attempted.
The port has about 304.9m of principal wharfage, which
8.24
Pagoda Point (15°37'N., 97°44'E.), about 45m high, lies
8.25

consists mostly of small pontoons and finger piers. about 8.5 miles S of Bluff Point. Drying mud and sand flats ex-
Tavoy Jetty, a pontoon wharf about 76.2m in length with a
8.24
tend up to 1 mile offshore between these points.
depth of 4.9m alongside at LW, lies about 2.5 miles N of Evans Ridge, a range of coastal hills 91 to 128m high, extends
8.25

Mupon Pagoda. 2 miles SE from a position 3.3 miles SSE of Bluff Point.
Salween Wharf, a finger pier with a short outer face and a
8.24
Kakana Taung (15°41'N., 97°43'E.), a small islet 55m high,
8.25

depth of 3.4m alongside, lies close N of Tavoy Jetty. lies 4.5 miles S of Bluff Point.
Moulmein Railway Jetty, about 0.3 mile N of Salween
8.24
Bentinck Point (15°29'N., 97°44'E.), a low projection, lies 8
8.25

Wharf, is used primarily by local ferries. miles S of Pagoda Point. The coast between the points is front-
Big Bazaar Jetty, 49m in length, is used only by river craft.
8.24
ed by shallows and drying flats which extend up to 1.5 miles
Numerous jetties line the shore between Mupon Pagoda and
8.24
offshore. A reef and sunken rocks extend about 1 mile NW
Battery Point, but are for the sole use of lighters and river craft. from Bentinck Point.
Several small tugs and an ample supply of barges and light-
8.24
Phaungkala Taung (15°35'N., 97°50'E.), 393m high and
8.25

ers are available to work cargo at the river mooring berths. conspicuous, is the highest summit of an isolated range which
Martaban, a shallow port area used exclusively by river craft
8.24
rises about 6 miles ESE of Pagoda Point. Wara Taung, 440m
and barges, stands on the W bank of the river about 2 miles N high, lies about 8 miles ESE of Bentinck Point and is a useful
of Battery Point. mark for entering Bentinck Sound.
The N part of this section of coast between Amherst Point
8.24
Kyaikhalaing Pagoda, 12m high, stands on a reef about 3
8.25

and Bluff Point, about 21 miles SSE, is high, rocky, indented, miles N of Bentinck Point. Another pagoda stands on a reef
and marked by occasional cliffs. The low S part of the coast is about 0.5 mile NW of the point.
covered with dense jungle growth.
Setse Yele Paya (15°57'N., 97°36'E.), a small islet close to
8.24
Bentinck Sound
the coast about 8.25 miles SSE of Amherst Point, is marked by
a 21m high pagoda. 8.26 Bentinck Sound (15°35'N., 97°42'E.) lies between
Button Island (16°00'N., 97°34'E.), 53m high and close off-
8.24
the coast to the E and Galloper Sand, Kalegauk Island, and
shore, lies about midway between Amherst Point and Setse Yele Cavendish Island to the W.
Paya. Sin Taung, a high peak about 2.5 miles ENE of Button Is- Galloper Sand (15°38'N., 97°40'E.), as defined by the 2m
8.26

land, is a good mark from the W along this section of coast. curve, extends about 7.8 miles S from a position about 3.8

Pub. 173
264 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

miles SSW of Bluff Point. Several drying patches lie within the The coast for about 6.8 miles S of Hope Point is cliffy and
8.27

limits of this shoal. backed by heavily-wooded hills. Palein, a peak 521m high, lies
Kalegauk Island (15°33'N., 97°40'E.), lies close S of and is
8.26 about 4 miles SSE of Hope Point. Notched Peak, the highest of
separated from Galloper Sand by a narrow clear passage. Port- five summits, is 334m high and lies 3 miles S of Palein Hill.
land Point lies at the N end of Kalegauk Island and at the NW Kokunye Kyun (15°18'N., 97°43'E.), 140m high, lies about
8.27

end of the passage mentioned above. Kalegauk Summit rises to 3.3 miles SSW of Hope Point. Shoal ground, with depths of
a height of 159m in the N part of the island and is a good land- less than 5.5m and parts of which dry, extend S from a position
fall for vessels bound for Moulmein during the Southwest 0.5 mile NW of Hope Point to Kokunge Kyun.
Monsoon. Kalegauk Island lies abreast of the S limit of the Toby Rock (15°16'N., 97°43'E.), which dries to a height of
8.27

Gulf of Martaban. 5.2m and is awash at HWS, lies about 2 miles S of the E end of
Cavendish Island (15°30'N., 97°40'E.), 97m high, lies close
8.26 Kokunye Kyun.
S of Kalegauk Island.
South Shoal (15°28'N., 97°39'E.), about 2.8 miles long with
8.26
The Ye River
a least depth of 8.2m, lies close S of the shoal extending about
0.5 mile S from Cavendish Island. A narrow passage separates 8.28 The Ye River (15°11'N., 97°47'E.) enters the Bay of
the two shoals. An obstruction, with a least depth of 4m, was Bengal between Pagoda Point and the W extremity of Sidaw
reported to lie on the outer edge of the NE part of South Shoal. Taung. Sidaw Point, on the S side of the entrance, lies about
Tides—Currents.—In the N entrance of Bentinck Sound,
8.26 0.5 mile NE of the W extremity of Sidaw Taung. The town of
the tidal currents attain a rate of 5 knots and set across the Ye stands about 8 miles above the river entrance.
channel. Inside the sound the rates are 2 to 3 knots. The flood Three sets of range beacons lead from the river entrance to
8.28

sets on the inner side of Galloper Sand and the ebb sets on the within 1 mile S of Sonma Kyun.
outer or seaward side. A beacon, consisting of a white globe in a tree, lies on a
8.28

Depths—Limitations.—The fairway depths in the N en-

8.26 point on the W side of the river, almost 1 mile N of Sidan
trance of Bentinck Sound range from 10 to 16.5m, which has a Point. A prominent pagoda stands on the W bank about 1 mile
least width of 0.3 mile. The S entrance has depths of 12.8 to N of the beacon.
16.5m and a width of about 3 miles. The navigable channel of the river lies S of Sonma Kyun, a
8.28

large island about 2 miles above the entrance. The river from
8.27 Middle Ground (15°38'N., 97°42'E.), a long narrow its entrance to the town follows a winding course with many
shoal with a least depth of 8.2m, lies in the middle of the N part abrupt bends. Only short vessels can negotiate them. Local
of the sound with its S end about 1.8 miles W of Pagoda Point. knowledge is required.
Kalegauk Island is generally steep-to seaward of the 10m
8.27 Pagoda Point (15°12'N., 97°46'E.) lies on the N side of the
8.28

curve which nowhere lies more than 0.5 mile offshore. entrance of the Ye River and should not be confused with Pa-
The Peepers, two small rocks close together and low, lie
8.27 goda Point on the E side of Bentinck Sound. From the NW, this
about 1 mile NNW of the S extremity of Kalegauk Island. point appears as a hummock at the end of a level stretch of
The best anchorage, sheltered from the Southwest Monsoon,
8.27 beach. Rising steeply from the beach this 46m point is conspic-
lies, in depths of 11 to 14.6m, about 0.5 mile E of the middle of uous. A pagoda stands on the point.
the E side of Kalegauk Island. Sidaw Taung (15°10'N., 97°48'E.), a bold headland 176m
8.28

Directions.—Deep-draft vessels without local knowledge

8.27 high, lies about 1.8 miles SE of Pagoda Point, on the S side of
are advised not to use the N entrance leading into the sound. the entrance of the Ye River. This headland appears flat-topped
Sufficient aids are not available to make good a course against when viewed from the W and NW and conical when viewed
the strong cross channel currents. from the S.
When entering the N entrance pass midway between the N
8.27 Damatha Taung, a 158m high headland, lies 9.5 miles S of Si-
8.28

end of Galloper Sand and the shallow LW fronting the coast N daw Taung. The coast between these two headlands is low, but
of Pulau Kropik by keeping the S end of Pulau Kropik in range the high ranges inland give it the appearance of being steep.
129° with Phaungkala Taung. When the N summit of Evans There are no recommended passages between the islands and
8.28

Ridge bears 078°, pass between Galloper Sand and Middle sands which extend S and parallel the coast for about 22 miles
Ground by steering 182°. Consideration should be given to the from a position about 2 miles WNW of Pagoda Point and ter-
set of the flood toward Galloper Sand and the ebb toward Mid- minate in Ross Sand.
dle Ground. Soundings provide the best guide when passing seaward of
8.28

To enter Bentinck Sound by way of the S entrance, keep

8.27 Livermore Shoal, as it lies just within the 20m curve.
Wara Taung bearing not more than 078° until the E side of Pagoda Point, in line with the W slope of Sidaw Taung and a
8.28

Kalegauk Island is open E of the E side of Cavendish Island, dip in the distant high land bearing 129°, leads N of Livermore
bearing more than 002°. Course may then be shaped to the Shoal and the shoal N of Wa Kyun.
NNE to pass 1 mile E of Cavendish Island, having regard for Tides—Currents.—The flood tidal current in the vicinity of
8.28

the dangers S of that island. the entrance of the Ye River sets N along the coast at a rate of
Hope Point (15°21'N., 97°43'E.), about 8 miles S Bentinck
8.27 about 3 knots at springs. The ebb sets S at the same rate. At
Point, is rocky with a 110m high hill behind it. The bay be- springs, the water outside the islands is discolored.
tween the two points is covered with mud and sandy flats Depths—Limitations.—Livermore Shoal, a 2.5 miles long
8.28

which dry in places and extend up to 1.3 miles offshore in plac- ridge of hard sand with depths of 3.7 to 9.1m, lies with its least
es. depth about 5.5 miles W of Pagoda Point.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 265

Wa Kyun (15°12'N., 97°44'E.), the N island of the chain of

8.28 Anchorage can be taken E of Pascoe Shoal, in depths of 9.1
8.30

islands which lies off the entrance of the Ye River, lies about 2 to 11m, with the E extremity of Kokunye Kyun in line bearing
miles W of Pagoda Point. The N summit of two which lie on 339° with the W extremity of the mainland, located about 3.8
the island rises to a height of 135m. This island lies in about miles SSE of the E extremity of Kokunge, and Kyettaik Kyun
the middle of a shoal about 2.3 miles long with depths of less bearing 212°.
than 5.5m. Depths of 9.1m and less lie within a narrow tongue Directions.—If approaching from the N, steer to pass 1.5
8.30

which extends 4 miles NNW from the N end of Wa Kyun. miles W of Kokunye Kyun after sighting Kalegauk Island.
When Wa Kyun is sighted, steer 147° for the N summit of the
8.29 Hngetpyaw Kyun (15°11'N., 97°43'E.), 46m high, island. When Pagoda Point bears 129° and is in range with the
small and wooded, lies almost 1 mile SW of Wa Kyun. Some W slope of Sidaw Taung and with a dip in the distant high land,
rocks, which dry about 5.5m and are awash at HWS, lie about steer for the point. This course leads about 0.2 mile N of the
0.2 mile NW of the N point of the island. Depths of less than shoal which lies N of Wa Kyun. When the E extremity of Nat
9.1m lie up to 1 mile N of the island. Kyun is open E of the E side of Wa Kyun and bears about 190°,
Nat Kyun (15°10'N., 97°44'E.), 135m high, lies 0.5 mile SE
8.29 change course SSE for the anchorage E of Wa Kyun.
of Hngetpyaw Kyun. A drying ridge of hard sand extends To arrive at the anchorage E of Pascoe Shoal, maintain the
8.30

about 3.8 miles S from Nat Kyun. Depths of 9.1m and less lie 129° course for Pagoda Point until the E end of Kokunye Kyun
from 0.5 to 0.8 mile off the W side of this ridge. The sea breaks is in line bearing 339° with the W extremity of the mainland,
heavily over the ridge. A drying bank, which breaks heavily, located about 3.8 miles SSE of the E end of Kokunye Kyun.
lies close N of Nat Kyun. The channel, which lies between Nat Then change course SSE, keeping the range astern, and steer
Kyun and Hngetpyaw Kyun on the SW side and Wa Kyun on for the anchorage. Note that the charted anchorage position is
the NE side, has a least depth of 9.6m but is not recommended. about 2.3 miles from the position where the stern range is
Ghorparay Rock (15°10'N., 97°43'E.), which dries about
8.29 picked up.
0.9m, lies about 0.5 mile W of the S end of Nat Kyun. If approaching the entrance of the Ye River from the S, steer
8.30

Pascoe Shoal (15°10'N., 97°45'E.), with a least depth of

8.29 000° for Kyungyi passing W of Magyi Island and E of Ross
0.9m over its central part, lies centered about 1.3 miles E of Sand. When Dathat Island bears 045°, steer to pass midway be-
Nat Kyun. Depths over the remainder of this shoal are less than tween Kyungyi and the mainland. Pagoda Point, in line bearing
5.5m. A detached 4.9m patch lies about 0.3 mile N of the N 004° with a notched peak, 2.5 miles to the N of the point, leads
end of Pascoe Shoal. E of Simpson Shoal to a position off the entrance bar of the Ye
Kyettaik Kyun (15°10'N., 97°45'E.), 24m high to the tops of
8.29 River, E of Pascoe Shoal.
the trees, lies about 1.3 miles SE of Nat Kyun. A narrow shoal, The entrance bar from the NW almost dries and can be
8.30

with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 0.3 mile SW from crossed by vessels only at HW. At springs, a vessel drawing 4m
the island. might reach the town; at neaps, the maximum draft is less than
2.1m.
8.30 Simpson Shoal (15°08'N., 97°45'E.), about 2 miles
long and 0.3 mile wide with depths of less than 5.5m within its 8.31 Ye (15°15'N., 97°51'E.) (World Port Index No.
limits, lies about 0.8 mile S of Kyettaik Kyun. The E extremity 49670), a small river port, lies on high ground on the N bank of
of Nat Kyun in range 352° with the SW extremity of Wa Kyun the river. The pagodas in the town can be seen for a consider-
leads through the S part of the channel between Simpson Shoal able distance and are good landmarks.
and the drying ridge of sand which extends S from Nat Kyun. A wooden pier abreast of the town is available only to small
8.31

The channel E of Simpson Shoal and Pascoe Shoal is pre- vessels.

ferred. Kyettaik Kyun, bearing 351° and open W of the high The coast between Damatha Taung and White Point, about 9
8.31

land near the coast to the N, leads E of Simpson Shoal. miles to the S, rises to high land several miles inland, but closes
Kyungyi (15°05'N., 97°44'E.), 2.5 miles long and marked by
8.30 the coast in the vicinity of White Point.
four distinct, wooded hills, lies about 4.5 miles S of Nat Kyun. Pawdi Taung (14°57'N., 97°52'E.) rises to an elevation of
8.31

The S hill is 163m high and the N hill is 76m high. 789m about 7 miles NE of White Point. Kinbun Taung, 774m
Shoal ground, with depths of less than 5.5m, lies up to about
8.30 high, lies 1.5 miles N of Pawdi Taung. Several other peaks in
1.5 miles W of Kyungyi. A tongue of shoal ground, with a dry- the vicinity make these two peaks difficult to identify.
ing sand ridge on its N half, extends about 5.5 miles S from a The coast between White Point and the Dolphin’s Nose,
8.31

position about 1.5 miles W of the central part of Kyungyi. The about 11 miles SSE, is bold and rocky. A mountain range, with
sea breaks over the drying sand ridge. elevations of 305 to 634m, rises close inland along this stretch
Dathat Island (15°00'N., 97°46'E.), small in extent and 79m
8.30 of coast.
high, lies about 4 miles SSE of the S end of Kyungyi. Magyi
Island, 44m high, lies about 3.3 miles SSE of Dathat Island. Heinze Chaung
Several small islets lie close S of Magyi Island.
8.30

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in the channel be-

8.30 8.32 Heinze Chaung (14°43'N., 97°54'E.) is an estuary
tween Kyungyi and the coast, in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, with formed by the confluence of three large creeks which flow into
the N end of Kyungyi bearing 328°, almost 1 mile distant. the sea between high hills. The funnel-shaped estuary is about
Anchorage can be taken in the channel E of Wa Kyun, in a
8.30 4 miles long and 0.8 mile wide at its narrowest part.
depth of 11.9m, mud, with the N extremity of the island bear- The entrance to Heinze Chaung is encumbered by a bar
8.32

ing 299° and the S extremity bearing 215°. which lies between South Sands and the outer part of North

Pub. 173
266 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Sands. The outer part of the bar is fairly level, but farther in be- Shoal patches on the bar separate the entrance into N and S
8.32

tween the sands, there are a number of shoal patches which channels. In the past these channels had a least depth of 4m.
may reduce the depth in the channel to about 2.7m or less in The S channel passes close along the edge of South Sands
8.32

spots. These patches are steep-to and marked by tide rips and of the two channels it has less LW to be crossed. Shoals
during maximum flood or ebb. Vessels with drafts to 7.6m can along the channel are steep-to and are usually marked by tide
enter Heinze Chaung at HW springs and those with a draft of rips.
5.5m at HWN. Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken outside the entrance
8.32

Dolphin’s Nose (14°43'N., 97°52'E.), the N entrance point

8.32 W of North Sands, with the Dolphin’s Nose bearing between
of the estuary, rises to an elevation of 304.8m. Other hills on 080° and 102°, distant 3 miles. The depth in this position is
the same side of the estuary rise to heights of up to 451m. about 8.2m.
Kandaung Promontory (14°40'N., 97°53'E.), an isolated
8.32 Anchorage can be taken anywhere within the estuary after
8.32

hill 28m high, is the S entrance point of the estuary. passing Kandaung Promontory, but the depths are more conve-
The shores of the estuary, with the exception of a few rocky
8.32 nient and the currents are weaker on the S side.
points and some creeks, are fringed by mangroves. Kwe- Good anchorage can be taken within the estuary, in a depth
8.32

thongyima, a jungle-covered low peninsula, lies between the of 12.8m, midway between Fish Trap Point and the S end of
mouths of the two creeks which flow into the estuary from the Kywethonyima Promontory.
N. Fish Trap Point, on the S side of the estuary, lies S of and The estuary is usually closed during the Southwest Monsoon
8.32

nearly opposite Kwethongyima. East Point, on the S side of the to all shipping.
estuary at its narrowest part, lies about 3 miles NE of Kand- The coast between Heinze Chaung and Pazin Kyun, about 55
8.32

aung Promontory. miles SSE, is backed by mountain ranges and fronted by the
Tides—Currents.—The currents in the approaches to
8.32 Moscos Islands.
Heinze Chaung turn from 2.5 to 3.5 hours after HW and LW at Between Kandaung Promontory and the mouth of a creek,
8.32

Mergui. In the offing, the flood tidal current sets N parallel about 16 miles SSE, the coast is fronted by depths of 9.1m and
with the coast and the ebb current sets in the opposite direction. less which lie from 1.5 to 7 miles offshore.
At the entrance of the N channel, the currents also set parallel Caution.—Local knowledge is absolutely essential for pas-
8.32

with the coast. sage; vessels should not attempt to cross the bar without thor-
Outside South Sands, the tidal currents set across the bar and
8.32 oughly examining and buoying the channel which it is intended
through the S channel until the sands are covered, when they to take. During the Southwest Monsoon, the port is usually
set slightly across them at velocities estimated at 1.5 to 3 knots. closed to shipping.
In the entrance of Heinze Chaung, the flood current com-
8.32

mences about 14 hours after LW at Mergui and has a velocity 8.33 North Ledge (14°31'N., 97°49'E.), a 0.9m high rock
of about 0.8 to 1.8 knots. The ebb current commences about with shoal depths extending about 0.5 mile NE from it, lies
1.3 hours after HW at Mergui and has a velocity of 1 to 3 about 9.5 miles SSW of Kandaung Promontory.
knots. Inside the entrance, the flood current commences about Tapir Hill (14°36'N., 97°55'E.), a densely-wooded summit
8.33

0.8 hour after LW at Mergui and the ebb current commences at about 369m high, lies about 5.5 miles SSE of Kandaung Prom-
about the same time that it does in the entrance. ontory. Middle Hill, 513m high and densely wooded, lies 24
The observations upon which these statements are based
8.32 miles ESE of Tapir Hill. Yetagun Taung, 905m high, lies about
were made during the dry season. During the rainy season, the in the middle of another mountain range 7.5 miles SE of Mid-
ebb current will be considerably stronger, perhaps even to the dle Hill. Paungchon Taung, 1,167m high, marks the S end of
point of overcoming the flood current. this range about 5.5 miles S of Yetagun Taung. This latter peak
Depths—Limitations.—Vessels drawing up to 7.6m can en-
8.32 appears blunt when viewed from the W, but appears sharp
ter Heinze Chaung at HWS and vessels drawing up to 5.5m can when viewed from the S.
enter at HWN. Local knowledge is required. Luce Hill, 706m high, and Sieve Hill, both densely wooded,
8.33

No attempt should be made to cross the entrance bar unless

8.32 lie close together about 17 miles SSE of the entrance of Heinze
the channel has first been thoroughly examined and buoyed to Chaung. False Peak, 445m high, lies about 2.8 miles S of Sieve
mark it. Hill. Another densely-wooded hill, a high close to Fenton
North Sands (14°41'N., 97°50'E.), with general depths of
8.32 Point, lies about 4.5 miles S of False Peak. A pagoda stands
3.7m and which dry in places, extend about 4.8 miles SSW close SE of Fenton Point.
from the coast between Dolphin’s Nose and a position on the Maungmagan Bay (14°09'N., 98°04'E.) lies between Fen-
8.33

coast about 2 miles WNW. ton Point and Pagoda Point, about 134 miles to the SSE.
Position Rock (14°42'N., 97°52'E.), which dries 4.3m and is
8.32 Taungbadaung, a peak with a height of 482m, lies on the S part
awash at HWS, lies near the inner edge of North Sands about of a mountain ridge about 3.5 miles ENE of Pagoda Point.
0.5 mile SE of the Dolphin’s Nose. An obstruction, with a least depth of 3.7m, lies about 5.8
8.33

South Sands (14°39'N., 97°52'E.), with general depths of

8.32 miles NNW of Pagoda Point.
less than 3.7m and which dry in places, extend about 3.5 miles A rock, awash, lies almost 1.5 miles N of the same point.
8.33

SSW from Kandaung Promontory. Letkat Taung (13°55'N., 98°06'E.), 600m high with a pago-
8.33

The entrance bar lies between the outer part of North Sands
8.32 da on its summit, lies 10 miles S of Pagoda Point.
and South Sands. The depths are fairly uniform on the outer Pazin Kyun (13°48'N., 98°04'E.), 145m high, lies close off-
8.33

part of the bar, but on the inner side of the bar the depths are shore about 17 miles S of Pagoda Point. The island appears as
shoal in places. part of the mainland when viewed from the W. The island has

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 267

been reported to be a good radar target up to 23 miles. are within about 1.5 miles of it. This distance is maintained as far
The coast between Pazin Kyun and Tavoy Point, about 17
8.33 as Tavoy where they again recede from the banks and rise in suc-
miles SSE, is bold and rocky. cessive ranges to Nwalabo Taung, 542m high and prominent,
Several mountain ranges, which are lower than those to the
8.33 this peak is located about 14 miles ESE of Tavoy.
N, attain elevations of well over 305m along the S part of this Between the mouth of the Tavoy River and Mergui Island,
8.35

section of coast. the best landmarks are Shittaunggyi Taung and Round Hill.
The former, located 16 miles ESE of Tavoy Point, is 457m
8.34 Nyawbyin Bay (13°40'N., 98°08'E.), the largest of high. The latter is 198m high and lies about 10 miles SSE of
several bays which indent this coast, lies about midway be- Shittaunggyi Taung.
tween Pazin Kyun and Tavoy Point. Nyawbyin Point marks the The coast between Round Hill and Kalwin Point forms the E
8.35

S side of the entrance of the bay. A large fishing village lies side of the inner route to Mergui Harbor.
close E of this latter point. Mountain ranges with distinctive peaks back the coast for
8.35

Kyanak Taung, about 3 miles S of Nyawbyin Taung, rises to

8.34 about 40 miles SSE of the entrance of the Tavoy River. Chimun
a height of 390m. Taung, 1,616m high, is located about 20 miles ENE of Round
Myinkwa Aw (13°33'N., 98°09'E.), entered between Than
8.34 Hill and is the S peak of the highest range.
Maw and Tavoy Point, lies about 5 miles S of Nyawbyin A 119m hill, located close within Zotzit Point, the S extrem-
8.35

Taung. ity of Zotzit Island, about 10.5 miles SSE of Round Hill, serves
Hngetthaik Kyun (13°32'N., 98°08'E.), 159m high, lies
8.34 as a good mark. Seinnat Taung, 168m high and located about 6
about 0.5 mile S of Than Maw. The island is steep-to on its W miles SSE of Round Hill, is prominent. Durbar Peak, 661m
side, but has depths of less than 9.1m extending from its E side. high, is located about 9 miles NE of the same hill. Flat Hill,
A depth of 7.9m, rocky bottom, lies about 0.2 mile S of Than 193m high, and Barn Hill, 317m high, serve as useful marks.
Maw, otherwise the channel between Hngetthaik Kyun and the They are located 7.5 and 14 miles, respectively, SE of Zotzit Is-
coast is deep and clear. land.
Winds—Weather.—Tavoy receives weather information but
8.35

The Tavoy River and Approaches—Tavoy En- no signals are displayed. For additional information on winds
trance to Mergui Island and weather, see paragraph 8.1.
Tides—Currents.—The mean range at Tavoy is 3.2m; the
8.35

8.35 The Tavoy River, which is about 120 miles long, has it spring range is 4.7m. The tidal currents attain a rate of 3 to 4
main source in the W slopes of the range that separates Burma knots during the dry season and up to 7 knots during the rainy
from Thailand. Tavoy, a river port of some importance, lies on season. During the latter season, the ebb currents may run con-
the left bank, about 39 miles N of Tavoy Point. The river tra- tinuously. At Simbyubyin, springs rise 5.3m and neaps rise
verses a broad plain about 3 miles above the town; sand banks 3.7m.
and alluvial islands, which are constantly changing in form and Depths—Limitations.—The 40m curve lies about 11.5
8.35

position, impede the course of it. Many tidal creeks intersect miles W of Tavoy Point and up to 18.5 miles off the S end of
the plain between the river and the foot of the hills on either Tavoy Island. A least depth of 10m is found in the fairway of
side of it. the Inner Route, between Tavoy River and Mergui Harbor. The
The hills extend N and S in parallel ranges on the W side of
8.35 dangers off this coast, except for the outer islands of the Mer-
the estuary. Shinmaw Daung, 344.4m high, is located about 0.8 gui Archipelago, lie within the 40m curve and are described
mile N of Tavoy Point on the small peninsula forming that with their related coastal features.
point. Kyaneik Taung, 390m high and densely wooded, lies Caution.—Depths in the vicinity of Tavoy Point and in
8.35

about 3 miles NW of Shinmaw Daung. The hills, farther N, some of the river channels were reported to be less than chart-
gradually recede from the W bank of the river. At a position ed.
about 16.5 miles N of Tavoy Point, the crest of the range,
which is about 610m high, is located about 2.5 miles from the 8.36 Yetagun Marine Terminal (13°04'N., 96°51'E.), an
W bank. Abreast Tavoy, the range again closely approaches the oil-production platform and an FSO, lies about 80 miles W of
river bank. Tavoy Island.
Low hills, with parallel ridges behind them, are found on the
8.35 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for off-loading tankers.
E side of the estuary. These ridges gradually rise to a height of Pilots will board about 3 miles N of the terminal.
1,125m at Nanpayok Taung which is located about 19 miles E Regulations.—A prohibited zone 5 miles in diameter sur-
of Tavoy Point. Bok Taung, a steep summit, 670m high and rounds the terminal. Vessels should not enter the prohibited
conspicuous, is located about 9.5 miles northward of Bok zone without permission.
Taung and is similar in appearance to that hill. Vessels should send their ETA 72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours,
At Elbow Point, located on the E bank of the river, about 9.5
8.35 12 hours, and 3 hours in advance.
miles W of Tetchaung Taung, the river narrows considerably. Vessels should contact the FSO on VHF channel 16 when
8.36

Between Elbow Point and Shive Taung, a hill 243m high, about within 3 hours sailing time of the terminal.
7 miles NNE, the hills approach the E bank and at Shive Taung Contact Information.—See the table titled Yetagun Ma-
8.36

Pub. 173
268 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

the islands off the S part of the W bank and then close off the
W bank. North of Kathema Kyun, the E side of the channel is
formed by a spit of sand and mud that extends about 5.5 miles
S from Pyingyi and divides the river into two channels. Depths
of less than 3.7m exist on the spit. The recommended channel
passes W of the spit and then W of the island.
Depths of not less than 7.3m are found in the fairway of the
8.38

entrance channel for a distance of about 10 miles above the en-

trance, except for charted depths of 6.4m and 6.1m, about 1.5
miles NNE and 1.3 miles NE, respectively, of the N end of
Mibya Kyun. Depths of not less than 3.4m are found as far as
Goodridge Plains, about 16.5 miles N of Tavoy Point. The river
is shallow above Goodridge Plains and is navigable only by
shallow-draft river craft.
Vessels up to 61m in length, with a draft of about 3.7m, can
8.38

proceed to Simbyubin, about 14 miles below Tavoy, at HWN.

Caution.—Soundings in the Tavoy River between Mibya
8.38

Kyun and Pyingyi-ashe differ from charted depths.

8.36 Yetagun Oil Platform
Hngetthaik Kyun, which lies about 2 miles W of Tavoy
8.38

rine Terminal—Contact Information. Point, has been previously described in paragraph 8.34.
Puklaji, a rock, awash at LW, lies about 2 miles NE of Tavoy
8.38

Yetagun Marine Terminal—Contact Information Point.

Terminal 8.39 Mibya Kyun (13°36'N., 98°12'E.), 143m high, lies
Call sign Yetagun FSO (C6FF3) about 4.3 miles NNE of Tavoy Point. Both sides of the island are
fairly steep-to. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m in its central
VHF VHF channels 16 and 72
part, extends about 1 mile S from a position 0.2 mile SE from the
581-430898510 (Inmarsat) SE end of the island. A shoal, with a least depth of 3.6m, extends
Telex about 0.5 mile SSW from the S end of the island.
581-430898511 (Inmarsat)
Whale Rock (13°36'N., 98°13'E.), 0.9m high, lies about 0.3
8.39

E-mail ytg_fso@petronas.com.my mile NE of the SE part of Mibya Kyun.

Thin-bon Kyun (13°38'N., 98°11'E.), 221m high and dense-
8.39

Caution.—A submarine pipeline runs NE to the Burmese ly-wooded, lies about 0.8 mile NW of Mibya Kyun. Satlaik
coast, as seen on the chart. Kyun, a tree-covered islet, lies close E of the E extremity of
Thin-bon Kyun. A narrow shoal, with a drying rock on its central
The Tavoy River part, extends about 3 miles SSW from Satlaik Kyun.
Kathema Kyun (13°40'N., 98°11'E.), 167m high and dense-
8.39

8.37 The estuary of the Tavoy River is about 12 miles wide ly wooded, lies close offshore about 0.5 mile N of Thin-bon
between Tavoy Point and an unnamed point about 7 miles W of Kyun. A pagoda stands on a large boulder on the NE point of
Nanpayok Taung (13°35'N., 98°29'E.). the island. A 4.3m patch lies about 0.8 mile N of the pagoda.
The W bank extends in a general N direction for about 11
8.37
Mahratta Rock (13°42'N., 98°11'E.), a pinnacle with a least
8.39

miles above Tavoy Point. The S part of this coast is bordered depth of 2.1m, lies about 2.3 miles NNW of the pagoda on
by several islands. Kathema Kyun. Two rocky patches, with depths of 3.7 and
5.5m, lie close together about 0.3 mile E of Mahratta Rock.
The Tavoy River Entrance Two similar patches, with depths of 3.7 and 4.3m, lie close to-
gether about 0.7 mile N of Mahratta Rock.
8.38 The E bank extends in a general NW direction for Pyingyi (13°47'N., 98°12'E.), a long, narrow island, lies in
8.39

about 12.5 miles above the river entrance to Thamokmo, where mid-channel, about 2.5 miles NNE of Mahratta Rock. A con-
above the river width is about 3 miles. The land on the E side is spicuous high tree lies on the E side of the island, about 2 miles
flat, open, and has many rice paddies. Several hills, with from its N end.
heights of 76 to 305m, lie along this stretch of coast. The high-
er mountain ranges inland have been previously described in 8.40 Chaukdaw Rock (13°46'N., 98°11'E.), with a least
paragraph 8.33. Three small rivers discharge into the Tavoy depth of 3m, lies about 2.3 miles NW of the S end of Pyingyi.
River between Thamokmo and a point about 3 miles to the SE. Many alluvial islands, which are connected by shoals, lie in
8.40

Above Thamokomo, both banks extend in a general N direc-

8.38
the river between Pyingyi and Tavoy.
tion for about 21 miles to Tavoy. Thamokmo is densely-cov- Nauwi Rocks, 1.2m high, lie about 10.8 miles ESE of Tavoy
8.40

ered with mangroves. Between Thamokmo and the village of Point. A rock, awash at LW, lies about 1 mile SSW of these
Sinbyubyin, about 7.5 miles to the N, the E bank of the river is rocks and two detached rocks, awash at HW, lie about 1.5
marked by paddy fields and clumps of trees. miles SSE of the same rocks.
Depths—Limitations.—The main channel passes close E of
8.38
An extensive shore bank, with depths of less than 5.5m,
8.40

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 269

fronts this entire shore and extends up to 7 miles offshore to a mile long channel, the SW extremity of which connects with
position about 6.5 miles WNW of Nauwi Rocks. the Bentinck Route.
A detached 3.7m patch lies close off this shore bank, about
8.40 Mergui Harbor has some commercial importance. Other
8.42

4.8 miles ENE of Tavoy Point. ports and harbors are available which provide sheltered anchor-
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 7.3m,
8.40 age and which can be reached through deep channels.
about 1 mile N of Puklaji. Winds—Weather.—Mergui receives weather information
8.42

Deep-draft vessels can anchor, in depths of 9.1 to 10.4m,

8.40 but no signals are displayed. For additional information refer to
about 0.8 mile E of Mibya Kyun Light. Vessels with similar the winds and weather described in paragraph 8.1.
drafts can also anchor, in depths of 9.4 to 11.6m, about 0.5 mile Tides—Currents.—The tide may fall 0.3m lower than the
8.42

NE of Saitlaik Kyun. Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 9.8 datum to which the soundings on the chart are reduced in the
to 12.2m, about 0.5 mile E or 0.8 mile NNE of Kathema Kyun. perigee spring tides of February and March.
A mooring buoy, used by lighters, is anchored about 0.5 mile N During the rising tide the tidal currents set S off the E coast
8.42

of the same island. of Tavoy Island through Port Owen at rates of 1 to 2 knots at
Light-draft vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in
8.40 springs in the dry season, but may attain a strength of 4 knots
5.8m, from 1.3 to 1.5 miles SSW of the S end of Pyingyi. Sim- during the rainy season. During the falling tide these currents
ilar vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in 4m, off Go- set N at rates of 2 to 3 knots at springs during the dry season.
odridge Plains with a waterfall bearing 270°, distant about 1.5 During the rainy season, the rates are weaker and at neaps, the
miles. set may be to the S.
Directions.—A vessel may approach the Tavoy River in a
8.40 The tidal currents set through the channel between the N part
8.42

345° direction, from a position 5.5 miles, bearing 121° from of Tavoy Island and the extensive flat that extends W from the
the pagoda on Tavoy Point, which leads towards the anchorag- adjacent mainland at a rate of 1.5 knots at springs. The tidal
es off Mibya Kyun, Satlaik Kyun, and Kathema Kyun. If pro- currents on the rising tide set towards this flat.
ceeding to the anchorage about 0.8 mile NNE of Kathema Strong eddies, tide rips, overfalls and tidal currents occur in
8.42

Kyun, from a position about 0.5 mile E of Mibya Kyun Light, a Middle and Iron Passages, especially during the Southwest
course of about 350° should be steered, which leads to the an- Monsoon. In both passages, the tidal currents appear to set E
chorage. If proceeding to the anchorages upriver, when N of on the rising and W on the falling tide. The tidal currents attain
the 4.3m patch about 0.8 mile N of Kathema Kyun, course a rate of more than 3 knots at springs in Iron Passage.
should be altered to the W to bring the NE point of Kathema Between Pinbwa Island (12°17'N., 98°20'E.) and Christmas
8.42

Kyun in line bearing 173° astern with the W edge of Satlaik Island, about 20 miles SW, in the SW approach to Mergui Har-
Kyun. This stern range leads in the fairway to the anchorage bor, the tidal currents set SE on the rising tide. In the vicinity of
SSW of the S end of Pyingyi, passing between Mahratta Rock Shrub Rocks (12°15'N., 98°21'E.), these currents set E on the
and the 3.7m shoal which lies about 0.3 mile E of it, but it leads rising tide and are strong at springs.
very close E of the 3.7m patch located about 0.8 mile N of In Fell Passage, E of King Island, the tidal currents on the
8.42

Mahratta Rock. rising tide enter at both ends, meeting abreast of Yemyok. The
tidal currents set NE in the narrows N of Payi Kyun from 6
8.41 Tavoy (14°04'N., 98°11'E.) (World Port Index No. hours after to 1 hour before HW at Mergui at a rate of 1.25
49680) lies on the E bank of the Tavoy River, about 35 miles knots at springs. The tidal currents in the S approach to Fell
above the entrance. An extensive export trade is maintained Passage are described with the Bentinck Route in paragraph
with Rangoon, Penang, and Thailand. 8.65.
There are a number of jetties, pontoon piers, and finger piers
8.41 Depths—Limitations.—There is a least depth of 10m over a
8.42

suitable only for small light-draft craft. Almost all of the ves- width of 2.8 miles in the fairway of the navigable channel be-
sels calling at the port are coastal craft and all but the smallest tween the N part of Tavoy Island and the extensive flat which
of these anchor near the mouth of the river and work cargo to extends W from the adjacent mainland. Soundings give no
and from lighters. An ample number of small lighters, launch- warning of the approach to this flat.
es, and native craft are available for this purpose. Middle Passage and Iron Passage are deep and clear of dan-
8.42

gers.
Mergui Harbor and Approaches—North End of The approach channel to Mergui from the S is shallow. Ves-
8.42

the Bentinck Route sels with a draft not exceeding 2.4m and having local knowl-
edge can use this channel at HW.
8.42 Kantu Rocks (13°20'N., 98°24'E.), two small isolat- The dangers off this coast, except for the outer islands of the
8.42

ed rocks, lie about 5.5 miles WNW of Round Hill. The outer Mergui Archipelago, lie within the 40m curve.
rock lies about 4 miles offshore. A shoal extends about 0.5 Aspect.—Vessels approaching from the N and using the In-
8.42

mile S from these rocks. ner Route should shape course to pass about 2 miles E of the N
The W side of the channel leading to Mergui Harbor from
8.42 extremity of Tavoy Island and then alter course to pass about
the N is formed by Tavoy Island and the islands to the S of it. the same distance off Cornwall Point, the E extremity of that
The E side of the channel is formed by flats and banks fronting island. A direct track, which is free from dangers, then leads
the mainland from abreast of Round Hill to Mergui Island. between Iron Island and Long Island.
Middle Passage and Iron Passage lead into the Inner Route Vessels approaching from the W should proceed through ei-
8.42

from the W. ther Middle Passage or Iron Passage. Care is necessary in both
The S approach to Mergui Harbor is made through an 18-
8.42 passages because of the strong tidal currents and tide rips usu-

Pub. 173
270 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

ally encountered. wooded. Its NE side forms the W side of the inner route.
Iron Island, King Island, and Plantain Island appear as one
8.42 Lys Shoal (12°39'N., 98°25'E.), which consists of two rocky
8.44

lofty island to vessels approaching from the N. From a position patches, lies about 5 miles SE of the S end of Iron Island. The
about midway between Iron Island and Long Island, a vessel NW patch has a least depth of 3m and the SE patch a least
should steer 167° for the steep E extremity of Plantain Island. depth of 3.7m. The SW extremity of Iron Island bearing 308°
When Thita Kyun bears 113°, course should be altered to 150° and in line with the SW extremity of Little Canister Island
with the summit of Pataw Island ahead. When the NE end of leads close NE of Lys Shoal. The N entrance of Padaw Aw
Plantain comes in line bearing 312° with the summit of Little bearing 248° leads S of the shoal.
Cannister Island, it should be brought astern and kept on that Kadan Kyun Sound (12°37'N., 98°26'E.) is entered be-
8.44

bearing until the old light structure off Kalwin Point can be tween a point about 1 mile SW of Lys Shoal and the N end of
identified. At such time the light structure should be brought in Plantain Island, about 2.5 miles ESE. The latter island appears
line bearing 130° with Pawdawmu Pagoda. This course of 130° to be a peninsula. A 406m high peak rises just within the N end
leads to the outer anchorage NW of Kalwin Point. of the island. Panella Island, low and small, lies 0.4 mile NW
The approach from the S is suitable only for light-draft ves-
8.42 of the N end of Plantain Island. A shoal, with a depth of 8.7m,
sels with local knowledge. lies about 0.8 mile NE of Plantain Island.
Kadan Kyun Sound is almost entirely filled by shoals and
8.44

North Approach to Mergui Harbor—West Side drying flats except near its entrance. Anchorage can be taken,
in a depth of 12.8m, with the W entrance point of the sound
8.43 Tavoy Island (13°13'N., 98°15'E.), narrow and moun- bearing 341°, distant 0.5 mile. Caution is necessary because
tainous, lies with its N end about 10.8 miles SW of Kantu this anchorage lies only about 0.2 mile from the edge of a 3.7m
Rocks. Its W side is steep and rises to an elevation of 687m shoal.
about 7 miles S of its N end. Its E side is low and terminates in
Cornwall Point. A small white pagoda, not visible from the N, North Approach to Mergui Harbor—East Side
stands on the E side of the island about 2 miles N of its S end.
Port Owen (13°06'N., 98°19'E.) lies on the E side of Tavoy
8.43 8.45 The coast between Round Hill and Zatzit Point, about
Island about 7.5 miles SSE of its N extremity. Edward Island, 10.5 miles SSE, is fronted by extensive sand and mud flats.
William Island, Rich Island, and Campbell Island lie on the N Shoal ground, as defined by the 9.1m curve, extends up to 9.5
side of the port and the peninsula terminating to the E in Corn- miles offshore. Zatzit Flat, which dries in places, extends 7
wall Point forms its S side. North Button Island, Rat Island, miles W from Zatzit Point.
and Mouse Island lie within 0.5 mile N of the N end of the Kyunhla Taung (13°02'N., 98°28'E.), a conical island 165m
8.45

above group of islands. high, lies about 6.8 miles SW of Zatzit Point.
A few small villages lie in the vicinity of Port Owen. The
8.43 Kumla Patch (12°58'N., 98°28'E.), with a least depth of
8.45

principal village stands at the head of Fisher Bay on the S side 4.9m, lies about 3.8 miles SSW of Kyunhla Taung.
of Port Owen. Anyinpo Island, 142m high, lies about 11 miles S of Zatzit
8.45

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in Port Owen, in

8.43 Point and Anyinma Island, 107m high, lies about 1.5 miles far-
depths of 12.8 to 23.8m, but the holding ground is not good. ther S. Both islands are densely wooded. Reefs and shoal
During the Southwest Monsoon, sudden squalls may sweep ground lie between these islands and the coast.
down from the mountains. There is a least depth of 11m in the Mandrell Reef (12°57'N., 98°32'E.), a low isolated islet, lies
8.45

approach to the anchorage and depths of 5.5 to 9.1m in the S about 1 mile NNW of Anyinpo Island.
approach between Cambell Island and the N side of the penin- A beacon marks a drying reef about 1.5 miles SW of Anyin-
8.45

sula forming the S side of the port. An obstruction, with a least ma Island.
depth of 7.3m, lies about 0.8 mile SW of the SE end of Camp- Galbraith Rock (12°50'N., 98°34'E.), which dries 2.7m and
8.45

bell Island. is surrounded by shoal depths, lies about 4 miles S of Anyinma

South Island (12°54'N., 98°19'E.), densely wooded and
8.43 Island.
153m high, is separated from the S end of Tavoy Island by a Gladys Island (12°49'N., 98°36'E.), 103m high, lies about
8.45

narrow unnavigable channel. 2.3 miles ESE of Galbraith Rock.

South Rocks (12°50'N., 98°19'E.), a chain of rocky islets,
8.43 Long Island (12°48'N., 98°31'E.), 134m high, lies about 6.8
8.45

extend about 2 miles SSE from a position 0.5 mile S of South miles SSW of Anyinma Island and is the outermost island of a
Island. group which lie within the limits of a shoal which extends
Kyun Taung Island, Cochin Island, and South Button Island
8.43 about 7.3 miles NW from the coast.
lie between 8 and 3 miles N of the S end of Tavoy Island. The other islands of the group consist of Daisy Rocks, Cone
8.45

Iron Island (12°45'N., 98°20'E.), 365m high in its S part,

8.43 Island, and Two Spade Island.
lies about 2.5 miles SSE of the S end of South Rocks. The W Kadwe Rock, a detached rock 1.2m high, lies 2.8 miles S of
8.45

side of the island is precipitous. Middle Passage separates Iron Long Island.
Island from South Rocks; Iron Passage separates Iron Island Pyinban Rocks (12°44'N., 98°34'E.) consists of a chain of
8.45

from Kadan Kyun to the S. rocks which lies about 2.5 miles E of Kadwe Rock. The fur-
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 22m,
8.43 thest S, Peak Island, rises to a height of 36m. A rock awash lies
sand and mud, off the E side of Iron Island. about 0.2 mile S of Peak Island.
White Rocks (12°41'N., 98°34'E.), 4.3m high, lie about 1.8
8.45

8.44 Kadan Kyun (12°40'N., 98°21'E.) is large and densely miles S of Peak Island. A drying rock lies 0.5 mile SW and a

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 271

similar rock lies 1 mile SSE of White Rocks. serim Island, are somewhat similar in appearance. All are high,
High Rock, 11.3m high, lies about 3.8 miles SE of White
8.45 steep, and usually densely covered.
Rocks. Cap Rock, 6.7m high, lies 4.5 miles SSW of White
Rocks. Thitya Kyun, a steep-to square rock 26m high, lies 1.3 8.48 Saurin Island (12°30'N., 97°48'E.), 178m high, lies
miles SE of Cap Rock. These three islets or rocks lie on an ex- about 5 miles SW of Tenasserim Peak. Two small islets, Ram-
tensive shoal, as defined by the 10m curve, which extends sey and Morgan, lie 2.5 miles ESE and 4.5 miles E of Saurin
about 13 miles NW from a position about 0.8 mile N of Island. A breaking rock awash lies about 0.5 mile SSW of
Kalwin Point (12°29'N., 98°36'E.). Morgan Islet.
The channel between these islands and Tenasserim Island is
8.48

Mergui Harbor—West Approach deep. The currents are irregular and tide rips occur.
Blundell Island (12°27'N., 97°50'E.), 284m high, lies about
8.48

8.46 Islands west of the south end of Tavoy Island.— 4.5 miles SSW of Tenasserim Island. Chevalier, a small high
Pinnacle Rock (12°59'N., 98°14'E.), West Rock, and Mali Ka- islet, lies about 1.5 miles W of the S point of Blundell Island.
ing are a group of high steep-to black rocks lying about 3 miles Chevalier Rock, small and low, lies about 0.3 mile S of Cheva-
W of the S part of Tavoy Island. lier Islet.
Paine Kyun (12°55'N., 98°11'E.), densely wooded and
8.46 Lion Rock (12°24'N., 97°49'E.), 40m high and sparsely cov-
8.48

370m high, lies about 6.5 miles W of the S end of Tavoy Is- ered with scrub, lies about 1.8 miles S of Blundell Island.
land. Sinthama Kyun, conical, densely wooded and 311m high, Sir Charles Metcalfe Island (12°17'N., 97°47'E.), about
8.48

lies about 5.5 miles SSE of Paine Kyun. 411m high, lies 6 miles S of Lion Rock.
The Birds Nest Islands (12°53'N., 98°15'E.), a group of
8.46 Mermaid Passage (12°22'N., 97°51'E.), entered from the
8.48

three gray rocky islets, lie about 3.3 miles WSW of the S end SW between Lion Rock and Sir Charles Metcalfe Island, is
of Tavoy Island. Mali Don, the largest of the group, rises to an deep and clear of known dangers.
elevation of 103m. Smart Island (12°17'N., 97°52'E.), about 268m high, has
8.48

The channels between these island groups are clear of all

8.46 rocky shores and lies 3 miles E of Sir Charles Metcalfe Island.
known dangers. Numerous rocks lie off the points which form open bays.
Saddle Island (12°24'N., 97°55'E.), 77m high, lies 5.5 miles
8.48

8.47 Outer islands.—Kabosa Island (12°48'N., ESE of the S end of Blundell Island. A reef extends about
97°51'E.), the N outer island of the Mergui Archipelago, lies 183m from its SW point.
about 26 miles W of the N end of Iron Island. The densely- Oubliee Rock (12°26'N., 97°58'E.), 16m high, lies 8 miles E
8.48

wooded island has four summits arranged in the form of a of the S end of Blundell Island. A rock, which dries 3.7m, lies
square. The two S summits rise to elevations of about 396m. A about 0.6 mile E of this rock.
rock lies about 183m off the SW end of the island. South Direction Island (12°29'N., 98°00'E.), 95m high, lies
8.48

West Canister Islet (12°41'N., 97°43'E.), 144m high, steep,

8.47 about 10 miles E of the N end of Blundell Island. Two rocks lie
and covered with jungle growth, lies about 8.3 miles SW of about 0.3 mile off its SW side. North Direction Island, 46m
Kabosa Island. North Pinnacle and South Pinnacle, two low high at its S end, lies 14 miles NNW of South Direction Island.
rocks, lie on a detached rocky patch about 4.5 miles E of the A deep channel separates these two islands.
above islet.
Freak Islet (12°41'N., 97°53'E.), conical in shape and 37m
8.47 8.49 Elphinstone Island (12°20'N., 98°00'E.), irregular in
high, lies about 4.8 miles ESE of North Pinnacle. A few scat- shape, hilly, and densely wooded, lies with its NW end about 8
tered trees lie on this islet. miles ESE of the S end of Blundell Island. The most prominent
Investigator Passage (12°45'N., 97°48'E.), deep and clear,
8.47 summits are Elphinstone Peak, 533m high, and False Peak,
lies between the above three islands to the S and Kabosa Island 430m high. Both peaks lie on the W part of the island. Elphin-
to the N. stone Peak appears as a separate conical island when viewed
Tenasserim Island (12°34'N., 97°51'E.) lies about 10.5
8.47 from the N.
miles S of Kabosa Island. Tenassarim Peak, 494m high, is the A large bay indents the W side of the island. The bay head ex-
8.49

highest and furthest S of several peaks which, from a distance, tends in a NE direction almost to the foot of Elphinstone Peak,
appear as separate islands. Herbert Island and Howard Island, and in a E direction almost to the foot of False Peak. During the
both high, lie close N of Tenasserim Island. West Islet, 106m Northeast Monsoon, vessels with local knowledge can anchor in
high, lies close off the SW side of the same island and appears convenient depths, sand, near the head of the bay.
to be a part of that island. East Islet, 82m high and not easily Port Maria (12°23'N., 98°03'E.) lies within the limits of an
8.49

distinguished, lies close S of the E end of the same island. All open bay that indents the N side of Elphinstone Island. The bay
of the above islands are densely wooded and steep-to. is sheltered except from the N and NE.
Rock Islet (12°35'N., 97°54'E.), 20m high and white in ap-
8.47 The W side of the bay is irregular and broken, with many is-
8.49

pearance from the E, lies about 1 mile NE of the E end of Te- lets close off that side. The steep-to E side of the bay is bor-
nasserim Island. dered by hills which slope down to the high-water line.
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 16.5m, near the head
8.47 Castle Island, topped by three peaks, lies on the W side of
8.49

of an inlet which lies about in the middle of the NW side of Te- the N approach to the bay about 0.8 mile NNW of the W en-
nasserim Island. Protection is provided during the Northeast trance point. The highest peak rises to a height of 52m. Sack Is-
Monsoon. land, 137m high, lies 0.5 mile SW of Castle Island. Two islets
The outer islands of the Mergui Archipelago, S of Tenas-
8.47 lie about 0.3 S of Sack Island. All of these islets and islands ap-

Pub. 173
272 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

pear to be a part of Elphinstone Island when viewed from the 8.51 Ant Islet (12°42'N., 98°19'E.), 16m high and scrub
N. covered, lies on the S side of Iron Passage, about 1 mile N of
Entrance Islet (12°28'N., 98°03'E.), 66m high, lies about 2
8.49 the N end of King Island. Mussel Islet, 8.2m high, lies about
miles NE of Castle Island and about in the middle of the N ap- 0.3 mile S of Ant Islet. Melhuish Island, 68m high and densely
proach to the bay. A fringing reef extends from the E and S wooded, lies about the same distance NE of the N point of
side of the islet. The E part of this reef just covers at HW. King Island. Three wooded islets lie close off the W shore of
Burne Island (12°27'N., 98°05'E.), 112m high and narrow,
8.49 an open bight that forms the N side of King Island.
lies 1.8 miles ESE of Entrance Islet. Three small islets lie off Directions.—Middle Passage and Iron Passage lead into the
8.51

the SE point of the island. Inner Route to Mergui Harbor.

Tidal currents in the vicinity of Port Maria are weak. Cross
8.49 Vessels proceeding E through Iron Passage should favor the
8.51

currents are sometimes encountered in the N approach to the N side of the passage to minimize the effects of the strong ed-
port dies and tide rips off Ant Islet and Mussel Islet. The set of the
Anchorage.—When Crab Islet, about 1.8 miles S of the W
8.49 flood current onto Iron Island must be guarded against.
entrance point, is in line bearing 261° with Elphinstone Peak,
anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 12.8m. This position is Mergui Harbor—North Approach
exposed to N and NE winds.
Directions.—Vessels approaching Port Maria can pass on
8.49 8.52 The channel leading to Mergui Harbor is about 2.8
either side of Entrance Islet and then steer directly into the bay, miles wide between the NE side of Plantain Island and Cap
favoring the E side until a bay at its W end opens. Rock, about 5 miles ENE. The E side of the channel is formed
by an extensive shoal, as defined by the 10m curve, which ex-
Islands and Dangers Between Elphinstone Island tends about 13 miles NW from a position about 0.8 mile N of
and Iron Passage and Middle Passage Kalwin Point (12°29'N., 98°36'E.).
Kala Kyun (12°30'N., 98°30'E.), which is hilly on its W side
8.52

8.50 Bowers Island (12°30'N., 98°06'E.), small, steep, and and fronted by mangroves, is separated from King Island by
74.7m high, lies about 4 miles NE of Entrance Island. Fell Passage.
Corbin Island (12°29'N., 98°09'E.), irregularly shaped and
8.50 Sa Kyun, 89m high and steep, lies on the W side of the N en-
8.52

136m high, lies about 2.5 miles SE of Bowers Island. This trance of Fell Passage, about 2.3 miles NNW of the N end of
densely-wooded island is the furthest N of a group of islands Kala Kyun.
and rocks lying E of Elphinstone Island and in the NW ap- Kaw Mwe, 61m high and topped by a pagoda, is connected
8.52

proach to the Bentinck Route. to Kala Kyun by a drying flat. A rocky shoal, as defined by the
Hayes Island (12°29'N., 98°11'E.), 91m high and densely
8.50 6m curve, extends about 2.5 miles N from the N side of Kala
wooded, lies about 1 mile E of Corbin Island. A sunken rock Kyun and forms the E side of the N entrance of Fell Passage.
lies about 1 mile NNE of Hayes Island. The channel between A narrow channel, with depths of 6.1 to 27.4m, extends
8.52

Hayes Island and Corbin Island is deep. about 6.5 miles S from Kaw Mwe along the E side of Kala
Maingy Island (12°31'N., 98°15'E.), separated from the W
8.50 Kyun. South of a line drawn between Kaw Mwe and Kalwin
side of King Island by a narrow shallow channel, is high and Point to the SE, with the exception of the narrow channel re-
steep-to on its W side. A peak, 600m high, rises in its SW part. ferred to above, the entire area is marked by numerous small is-
Its SE side is fronted by an extensive flat which dries 1.5m. A lands, shoals, and drying flats.
small, high islet lies close E of the N end of Maingy Island. Pataw Island (12°27'N., 98°35'E.), which lies in the SE cor-
8.52

Page Islet (12°36'N., 98°10'E.), 26m high, lies 5 miles NW

8.50 ner of this shoal area, is divided into two parts by a large man-
of Maingy Island. This conical-shaped islet is covered with grove swamp. The S part is known as Pahtet Island. Pataw
straggly trees. Taung, rises to a height of 238m near the N end of the island,
The Marcus Islands (12°39'N., 98°12'E.) consist of a group
8.50 and Pati Taung, 83m high, lies near its S end. Numerous pago-
of four islands which lie close together about 6 miles WSW of das lie on various parts of the island.
the N end of King Island. Marcus Island, 140m high, is the N Kalwin Point (12°29'N., 98°36'E.), the NW extremity of
8.52

island of the group. Gifford Island, 134m high, is fringed by a Mergui Island, forms the S entrance point of the Kiaupi River.
reef which extends about 0.3 mile SW from it; a part of this This river separates the island from the mainland and forms
reef is 3.7m high. Harris Island, 140m high, appears as two is- one of the outlets of the Tenasserim River.
lands joined by a narrow sandy strip. Genn Island, the smallest
and E, is 69m high. Strong currents and tide rips are encoun- Mergui Harbor
tered in the deep channels between these islands.
Brown Rock (12°41'N., 98°11'E.), 20.1m high, lies about
8.50 8.53 Mergui Harbor lies at the S end of the channel that
2.5 miles NW of Marcus Island. Rocks, which dry at times, lie separates Pataw Island and Pahtet Island from Mergui Island.
close N and S of it. The town of Mergui lies on the W coast of Mergui Island
Middle Passage (12°49'N., 98°20'E.), a deep, clear passage
8.50 abreast the S part of Pahtet Island.
about 2 miles wide, lies between the N end of Iron Island and Tides—Currents.—The tidal range at springs is about 51m;
8.53

South Rocks. the mean range is about 3.4m.

Iron Passage (12°42'N., 98°22'E.), deep and clear of dan-
8.50 The tidal currents set S through the harbor on the flood and
8.53

gers in the fairway, lies between Iron Island to the N and King N on the ebb. At springs, the rate of the tidal currents at half-
Island to the S. tide is about 2 knots during the dry season. During the rainy

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 273

season, the rate of the ebb is probably greater. 8.54 Mergui (12°28'N., 98°36'E.) (World Port Index No.
Depths—Limitations.—Depths of 10 to 11m are found at
8.53 49690), the most important town in the southern district of
the outer anchorage. Burma, extends for more than 1 mile along the SW shore of
Depths of 2.7 to 3m are found in the fairway of the channel
8.53 Mergui Island. It is a scheduled port of call for small coastal
from the entrance, about 137m W of Kalwin Point Light to a vessels and is the center of important rubber and tin mining op-
position about 1 mile S of the entrance. From the latter posi- erations.
tion, depths of 3 to 4m are found in the fairway to a position Main Wharf, a wooden structure on piles with depths of 0.6
8.54

about 0.3 mile NNW of the Main Wharf. or 0.9m alongside, lies at the S end of the seawall which fronts
Depths of 5.8 to 9.8m are found in the inner anchorages NW
8.53 the town. Naukle Jetty extends from the shore S of Main Wharf
and W of the Main Wharf. and was reported to have a depth of 1.5m alongside.
A narrow shoal, with depths of 1.2m or less, lies close W of
8.53 A pontoon wharf, 73.2m long and 6.1m wide, with a report-
8.54

the channel about 0.3 mile within the entrance. ed depth of 4.3m alongside, is situated abreast of the town.
An obstruction, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies on the SW
8.53 Ocean-going vessels normally work cargo into lighters at the
side of the entrance channel, about 0.3 mile NW of the same anchorages.
light structure.
A 1.8m patch lies close E of the fairway about 0.9 mile N of
8.53
Mergui Harbor—South Approach
the Main Wharf.
The E sides of Pataw Island and Pahtet Island are fringed by
8.53 8.55 Mergui Harbor can be approached from the SW by
rocks, with the 5.5m curve lying up to 0.2 mile offshore. Drying way of a channel 18 miles long, which leads between islands
flats extend up to 0.2 mile off the W side of Mergui Island. and mud banks that extend SW from Mergui Island. The sea-
Aspect.—Mergui Pagoda, gilded and prominent, stands in
8.53 ward end of the channel connects with the Bentinck Route in
the city at an elevation of 73m and is brilliantly illuminated at the vicinity of Shrub Rocks (12°15'N., 98°21'E.). This chan-
night. Pawdawmu Pagoda stands at an elevation of 57m, about nel, which can only be used by light-draft vessels with local
2 miles NE of Mergui Pagoda. Some conspicuous oil tanks knowledge, saves about 15 miles in distance.
stand about 2 miles S of Kalwin Point. Depths—Limitations.—The entrance of the approach channel
8.55

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in Mergui Outer Har-

8.53 leads between Tatagyi Island (12°17'N., 98°23'E.), which lies
bor, in depths of 10 to 11m, between 1 and 1.7 miles NW of about 2 miles E of the S end of King Island, and North Round Is-
Kalwin Point Light, with Pataw Pagoda bearing between 168° land, about 0.5 mile S of Tatagyi Island. The entrance lies about 3
and 181°. miles ENE of the N end of the Bentinck Route.
Vessels with local knowledge and drawing more than 5.5m
8.53 There are considerable depths in the approaches and within
8.55

can anchor about 0.2 mile W and 0.3 mile NW of the head of the entrance, but from there to Limlor Anchorage, about 6.5
Main Wharf. The swinging room is restricted by the extending miles NE of North Round Island, the depths in the fairway
shoals. range from 6.4 to 9.1m. Only small vessels with local knowl-
Vessels of greater draft can anchor in The Pool, a small deep
8.53 edge and drawing not more than 2.4m at HW can proceed from
area of the E end of Pahtet Island. The swinging room is re- Limlor Anchorage to Mergui.
stricted and the eddies and currents are strong. Local knowl- Aspect.—Tatagyi Island is generally low but has some hills
8.55

edge is required. on its W, E, and SE sides. The W hill is the highest.

Directions.—Vessels should only enter Mergui Harbor
8.53 Shrub Rocks, 7m high, lie about 1.8 miles WSW of the S end
8.55

during the daytime and under favorable conditions. Naviga- of Tatagyi Island. A reef extends almost 1 mile NW from the
tional aids are inadequate and pilotage is not available. rocks.
Vessels drawing up to 3m, and not possessing local knowl-
8.53 North Round Island (12°15'N., 98°23'E.), 74m high, lies
8.55

edge, should not attempt to enter until after the first quarter of 0.5 mile S of Tatagyi Island. South Round Island, 41m high,
the flood; those of greater draft should not enter until after the lies about 0.3 mile farther S. A shoal, with a least depth of
first half of the same tide. Vessels with local knowledge and 4.9m, lies 1 mile NE of North Round Island.
having a draft of 4.6m can enter after the first quarter of the The Mergui Islands (12°10'N., 98°25'E.) are bold, densely
8.55

flood at neaps. wooded, and lofty. The higher summit of the S island rises to
Vessels entering Mergui Harbor should steer with Kalwin
8.53 an elevation of 382m and is pyramidal in shape. Shelving mud
Point red light structure, in line bearing 130° with Pawdawmu banks extend 1.5 miles W from the N island and about 2 miles
Pagoda, until the lighted beacon on the seawall at Mergui is in W from the S island.
line bearing 169.5° with Mergui Pagoda. A course of 169.5°
should then be steered until the white pagoda on the SE side of 8.56 Saunggyi Kyun (12°07'N., 98°24'E.), about 1 mile S
Pawtaw Island bears about 258°. Course should then be altered of the S island of the Mergui Islands, rises to an elevation of
slightly to the E for about 0.2 mile to avoid the 1.2m patch, lo- 158m. Shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve, extends
cated close W of the range lines. Having cleared this patch, about 3.3 miles WSW from the W side of Saunggyi Kyun.
vessels should steer for the pagoda, lying about 0.2 mile ENE Irregular depths lie between South Round Island and the N
8.56

of Pawhtet Pagoda, on a course of 197° and anchor as conve- island of the Mergui Islands. A 5.5m patch lies about 0.6 mile
nient. SE and a rock, which dries 2.7m, lies about 14 miles ENE of
Care should be taken to clear the wreck, with a depth of
8.53 South Round Island.
1.2m, which lies close N of the 130° course line. Thetyagi Island (12°16'N., 98°26'E.), small in extent, lies
8.56

on the S end of a drying shoal on the SE side of the approach

Pub. 173
274 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

channel about 2.8 miles ENE of North Round Island. lies in mid-channel about 2 miles SSW of Yemyok Island. A
Pyin Island (12°19'N., 98°26'E.), 89m high, lies on a mud
8.56 pagoda lies on the NW side of the island. A drying mud flat ex-
flat about 1.8 miles NE of Tatagyi Island. Bertie Island, low, tends about 1.3 miles NNE of the island and a drying sand flat
covered with mangroves, and marked by a wooded hill near its extends the same distance SW from it. Sakone Island lies close
SE point, lies about 1 mile NE of Pyin Island. The mud flat, on off the E side of Payi Kyun.
which the island lies, extends about 1.3 miles E from Bertie Is- Pigale Islet, 33m high, lies about 0.2 mile NW of the previ-
8.57

land. ously-mentioned pagoda. A beacon, 3.7m high and topped by a

Limlor Island, 62m high, lies about 0.5 mile S of Bertie Is-
8.56 black and white ball, marks the SE end of the rocky shoal ex-
land. tending E from Pigale Islet.
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 12.8 to
8.56 The Myini Islets (12°24'N., 98°26'E.), a group of small is-
8.57

14.6m, about 0.2 mile SE of Limlor Island. lets, lie on the W side of the channel about 0.5 mile N of Pigale
Directions.—From a position on the Bentinck Route, with
8.56 Islet.
the S point of Cantor Island (12°13'N., 98°15'E.) bearing A shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies in the channel about
8.57

316°, distant 1.8 miles, vessels using the S approach to Mergui 0.3 mile E of the N end of Thanpo Islet (12°23'N., 98°25'E.).
Harbor should steer about 049°, with the S end of Tatagyi Is-
land a little on the starboard bow. When Shrub Rock bears 8.58 Gyun Thaung (12°20'N., 98°24'E.), about 52m high,
about 041°, distant 1.3 miles, course should be altered to 066° lies on a drying bank on the SE side of the channel, 2 miles SW
in order to pass midway between Tatagyi Island and North of the SW point of Payi Kyun. The two islands are joined by a
Round Island. Allowance should be made for the strong spring narrow shallow ridge. A 4.9m shoal lies in the fairway about
tidal currents. After passing the S end of Tatagyi Island, course 0.5 mile SW of the NW end of Gyun Thaung.
should be altered to about 042° for 3.5 miles until the E end of The S entrance of Fell Passage lies between the S end of
8.58

Pyin Island bears about 012°. Course should then be altered to King Island and Tatagyi Island, Fell Island, and Passage Island
068° for the anchorage S of Limlor Island. to the S.
Caution.—Only light-draft craft with local knowledge can
8.56 Tatagyi Island has been previously described in paragraph
8.58

proceed NE of this anchorage. 8.55. Tatange Island, 243m high, lies about 0.5 mile W of the
The coast between Mergui Harbor and Auckland Bay, about
8.56 N part of Tatagyi Island.
20 miles SSW, is low and swampy. Several shallow rivers, nav- The Lahchi Islands, five small conical islets, lie between 0.3
8.58

igable only by boats, flow out through narrow channels bor- and 1.3 miles SW of Tatange Island.
dered by flats. Large trees usually cover the ridges and Passage Island (12°17'N., 98°21'E.), about 1.3 miles SW of
8.58

hummocks. Tatange Island, forms the S entrance point of Fell Passage. The
Auckland Bay (12°07'N., 98°32'E.), which has not been
8.56 113m high summit is almost flat with a slight dip in the middle.
closely examined, is entered between Sellore Island and Pyingi Shoal ground connects the island with the Lahchi Islands.
Island, about 10 miles to the NE. Sheltered anchorage, in Shrub Rocks, which lie 1 mile SSE of the Lahchi Islands,
8.58

depths of 7.3 to 22m, can be taken in the outer part of the bay, have been previously described in paragraph 8.55.
over a mud bottom. Caution is required. Directions.—A vessel should approach the N entrance of
8.58

Fell Passage with the E extremity of Sa Kyun bearing 203°,

Fell Passage and when about 0.2 mile E of the islet lying close N of it,
should alter course to about 195°. When nearing the NW side
8.57 Fell Passage (12°18'N., 98°21'E.), which extends S of Kala Kyun, a vessel should keep at a distance of about 0.3
along the E coast of King Island, is used by coastal vessels pro- mile from it until the channel between Yemyok and King Is-
ceeding through the Mergui Archipelago. The narrow passage land opens; the W side of the passage should then be gradually
is about 19 miles long. Passage is not difficult on the flood tide, approached in order to avoid the shoal depths of 2.7m which lie
but local knowledge is necessary. NE of the N point of Yemyok, and a course shaped to pass
The passage has a depth of 7.9m in the N entrance. A least
8.57 about midway between the N point of Yemyok and the E side
depth of 6.1m can be carried up to 7 miles S of the N entrance, of King Island.
but up to 5 miles farther SSW there is a least depth of 4.3m in After passing a large double creek, which does not dry, and
8.58

the channel. when Sakone Islet (12°23'N., 98°26'E.) is open W of Yemyok

Considerable depths are found in the S entrance and up to
8.57 Island and bearing 189°, course should be gradually altered un-
5.5 miles NE of this entrance. til that islet bears 184°, or open twice its own breadth E of
The N entrance of Fell Passage, which has a channel width
8.57 Nga-thok Kyun. After passing close E of the latter island, the
of about 0.3 mile, is entered between Sa Kyun (12°33'N., channel leads W of the spit extending N from Payi Kyun, and
98°29'E.) and the rocky shoal which extends 2.5 miles N from between it and Myini Islets.
Kala Kyun. A passage leads on either side of Thanpo Islet; the E pas-
8.58

Yemyok Island (12°26'N., 98°27'E.) lies on a drying flat in

8.57 sage, although narrower, is more convenient for vessels pro-
the middle of the passage about 6.5 miles SSW of Sa Kyun. ceeding to the S. Vessels heading N should use the W passage,
The preferred channel passes W of this island. taking care to avoid the 2.7m shoal lying about 0.3 mile E of
Bare Island (12°25'N., 98°26'E.), 45m high with a rounded,
8.57 the N end of Thanpo Islet.
wooded summit, lies on the W side of the channel about 0.5 South of Thanpo Islet, the channel leads between Payi Kyun
8.58

mile SW of Yemyok Island. and Mye-ni-kyun. Care should be taken to avoid the 2.7m shoal
Payi Kyun (12°22'N., 98°26'E.), 82m high on its SE side,
8.57 which lies about 0.2 mile NE of the latter island. The course

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 275

then leads W of Kantaung Kyun and the 4.9m patch which lies lands and dangers within the entrance. A drying rock lies 183m
about 0.5 mile SW of its NW point, and then about midway be- NE of Oates Island.
tween King Island on the NW side and Tatagyi Island, Tatange La-e-ale Island (12°20'N., 98°15'E.), densely wooded and
8.60

Island, and Passage Island on the SE side. At springs, the ed- 93m high, lies a little more than 0.8 mile SSE of Johnny Island.
dies are strong between these islands. Two small islets lie between these two islands.
Directions for vessels bound S from Fell Passage through the
8.58 La-e-atet Island (12°18'N., 98°15'E.), densely wooded with
8.60

Bentinck Route are continued in paragraph 8.65. a high prominent peak, lies close S of the above island. This
peak appears conical when viewed from the N.
The Bentinck Route—Northwest Approach Haycock Island (12°17'N., 98°10'E.), densely wooded and
8.60

215m high, is the largest and highest of a group of islets and

8.59 The NW approach to the Bentinck Route lies between rocky patches which lie from 2.5 to 5.5 miles W of La-e-atet
Elphinstone Island and the S part of King Island. Numerous is- Island. Other islands of this group consist of Rat Island, Rock
lands, rocks, and dangers lie between the two islands. There Island, Flat Island, Humpty Island, Mouse Island, and Dumpty
are irregular depths, and because of the nature of the adjacent Island. Mouse Island, 82m high, lies about 4.3 miles W of La-
islands, dangers other than those charted may exist. Tide rips e-atet Island. This island should not be confused with another
and cross currents occur around these islands. Passage through island of the same name about 2.5 miles S of La-e-atet Island.
this area should only be attempted by vessels having local The channel, between Grants Island and the N side of Ross
8.60

knowledge and then only under favorable conditions. Island, about 2.3 miles to the S, has a least charted depth of
The islands and dangers N of a line joining the N point of El-
8.59 6.1m in the fairway. The greater depths are found close to the
phinstone Island and a line joining the SE point of Maingy Is- former island. This channel has not been closely examined.
land have been previously described paragraph 8.49.
Macleod Island (12°25'N., 98°09'E.), close off the NE end
8.59
The Bentinck Route—West Approach
of Elphinstone Island, is topped by a densely-wooded summit
173m high. Two small islets, joined to the island by a reef, lie 8.61 Sir Charles Metcalfe Island (12°17'N., 97°47'E.), at
off its NE side. A patch, with a least depth of 6.7m, lies about the SW entrance of Mermaid Passage and the islands between
0.4 mile N of the N islet, and a 3.7m patch lies about 0.3 mile it and Kabosa Island, about 29 miles to the N, has been previ-
SE of the S islet. ously described in paragraph 8.48.
Between Macleod Island and Corbin Island, about 2.3 miles
8.59 West Spur and East Spur, two islets about 1 mile apart, lie on
8.61

to the N, the water is deep. Tide rips, overfalls, and variable a rocky shoal about 1 mile S of Sir Charles Metcalfe Island.
currents prevail. The intervening channel is foul.
Swirl Rock (12°25'N., 98°11'E.), an isolated patch of rock,
8.59 Brunnette Island (12°14'N., 97°52'E.) lies about 5 miles,
8.61

1.5m high, lies about 1 mile E of Macleod Island. Shoals ex- Greenlaw Island about 8.5 miles, and Lion Island about 11.8
tend about 0.8 mile S from this patch. Depths of 14.6 to 27.4m miles E, respectively, of East Spur Islet.
exist in the channel between the island and the rock. Thankes Islet (12°15'N., 98°01'E.) lies about 2.5 miles NE
8.61

Johnny Island (12°22'N., 98°14'E.), 149m high, lies 4 miles

8.59 of Lion Island and close SE of the S end of Elphinstone Island.
SE of Macleod Island. This densely-wooded island is fringed Shagstone Island lies 1 mile SE of Thankes Islet. Knap Island,
by a reef and indented by small shallow bays. Basham Island, Middle Island, and Pym Island extend about 5
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9.1m, about 1 mile
8.59 miles S from Shagstone Island.
SW of the SW extremity of the island. Knap Island (12°13'N., 98°02'E.) and Basham Island are sep-
8.61

Six similar small islands lie between Maingy Island, Macleod

8.59 arated from the W side of Ross Island by a channel restricted to a
Island, and Johnny Island. Wilson Island, Evans Island, and width of 0.3 mile by rocks, and having a least depth of 5.5m.
Robert Scott Island comprise one group. Wood Island and Daug- Pym Island, steep-to and conical, is about 122m high.
lish Island lie between this group and Johnny Island. Several Bailey Island (12°08'N., 97°44'E.), 354m high in its N part,
8.61

drying patches and shoal areas exist in the vicinity of these is- lies about 7.5 miles SSW of Sir Charles Metcalfe Island. The
lands. Tide rips and cross currents occur in this area. W islets of a group, that extends about 7.5 miles E, lie 11 miles
A sheltered area is formed by the NE side of Elphinstone Is-
8.59 E of Bailey Island. This group consists of ten islands. Howe Is-
land, the S side of Macleod Island, and the N side of Grants Is- land, the largest and highest of the group, rises to an elevation
land. This latter island is densely wooded, hilly, and indented of 246m.
by many shallow bays. Hattrass Passage (12°11'N., 97°44'E.) lies between West
8.61

Spur Islet and East Spur Islet to the N and Bailey Island to the
8.60 Allans Island (12°21'N., 98°11'E.), 155m high; Pa- S. The passage is deep and clear.
tons Island; Oates Island; and Bomford Island form the E side Henry Prinsep Island (12°03'N., 97°38'E.) lies about 5
8.61

of the sheltered area. Numerous other small islands lie within miles SW of Bailey Island. Tower Rock, an excellent land-
this area which is marked by irregular depths. mark, lies at the N end of the island. Sargent Island, 366m
The N entrance of this sheltered area lies between Elphin-
8.60 high, is separated from Henry Prinsep Island by a narrow foul
stone Island and Macleod Island, but should not be used be- channel.
cause of the narrow channel and foul ground which lies off the Chester Island (12°02'N., 97°46'E.), 290m high, lies about
8.61

NE end of the former island. 4 miles E of Sargent Island. Reefs have been reported to extend
The E entrance, which lies between Macleod Island and
8.60 some distance S from the SW extremity of Chester Island.
Bomford Island, should not be used because of the many is- These dangers may extend across the passage between this is-

Pub. 173
276 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

land and Mackenzie Island. The Bentinck Route—Fell Passage to Christmas

Observation Island (11°59'N., 97°55'E.), densely wooded
8.61
Island
and 169m high, lies 9 miles E of Mackenzie Island.
8.63 The Bentinck Route leads from the S end of Fell Pas-
8.62 Courts Island (11°57'N., 98°00'E.), 344m high, lies sage (12°17'N., 98°21'E.) for about 90 miles S to the N end of
about 3 miles ESE of Observation Island and is bordered along Forrest Strait, passing between Bentinck Island to the W and
its N side by foul ground. The island summit appears as a vol- Domel Island to the E.
canic cone when viewed from the N. During the Southwest Pinbwa Island (paragraph 8.42), the Lahchi Islands (para-
8.63

Monsoon, anchorage can be taken, in depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, in graph 8.58), and Shrub Rocks (paragraph 8.55) have been pre-
a bay on the NE side of the island. The sandy beach abreast this viously described.
anchorage is foul up to 137m offshore. During the Northeast Mouse Island (12°15'N., 98°15'E.), 53m high and conical,
8.63

Monsoon, good anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9.1m, off lies 5.5 miles SW of the S end of Fell Passage.
a sandy beach at the E end of the head of the bay on the S side Mayan Island (12°15'N., 98°17'E.), 62m high and rounded,
8.63

of Courts Island. lies 1 mile E of Mouse Island. Lump Rock, 6.1m high, lies
East Islet (11°57'N., 97°45'E.), 57m high, lies 2.3 miles S of
8.62 about 1.3 miles S of the same island. Medina Patches, com-
Mackenzie Island. West Island, slightly lower, lies 5 miles SW posed of gravel and having a least depth of 2.7m, rise from a
of the same island. Lunka Rock, which dries 1.8m, lies 8.5 sand and mud bank which extends about 3.3 miles ESE from
miles ESE of East Islet. Mayan Island. White Rock, 3.7m high, lies about 1.8 miles SW
Hayes Island (11°52'N., 97°40'E.) lies 7 miles S of Sargent
8.62 of Mouse Island.
Island and rises to a height of 486m. A rock, 4.6m high, lies Cantor Island (12°13'N., 98°15'E.), 109m high, lies about
8.63

close N of Hayes Island. Fletcher Island, 256m high, lies 0.8 0.8 mile SE of White Rock. A rock, with a depth of less than
mile S of Hayes Island. 1.8m, lies 1.3 miles ENE of the S end of Cantor Island, with
The Great Western Torres Islands (11°47'N., 97°30'E.) are
8.62 foul ground in between.
the W group of the Mergui Archipelago Island group. They lie Ross Island (12°13'N., 98°06'E.), marked by a prominent,
8.63

from 6.5 to 12 miles W of Fletcher Island. The two largest is- double summit 245.6m high on its SE side, lies 7 miles W of
lands of the group are separated by a channel with a least depth Cantor Island. The N part of the E coast is foul with drying
of 5.5m in the middle of the fairway. rocks lying 0.5 to 1 mile offshore. Griffiths Island and Helfer
The Great Western Torres Islands have been reported to be a
8.62 Island, both fairly high, lie between Ross Island and Cantor Is-
good radar target up to 23 miles. land.
Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor in a cove on
8.62 Martin Island (12°07'N., 98°09'E.), actually an islet 64m
8.63

the shore of the SW island of the two larger islands about half- high, lies 1.5 miles S of the S point of Ross Island. Two larger
way through the channel. Larger vessels can anchor off the islets lie in between.
cove entrance, in depths of 27.4 to 29.3m, but the holding Mewstone Island (12°04'N., 98°02'E.), 152m high, Lloyds
8.63

ground is only fair and the anchorage is exposed to swells. Ves- Island, Drakes Island, and Criddles Island lie close together
sels should enter through the NW end of the channel with from 8 to 13 miles SW of the double summit near the SE ex-
Northeast Little Torres Island bearing 131° and showing tremity of Ross Island. The area between the latter three is-
through the entrance. When the cove opens, anchorage can be lands is foul. A rock, 4.6m high, lies close off the NW end of
taken as convenient. Criddles Island. Button Island, 17m high, lies 2 miles E of the
The Little Torres Islands (11°43'N., 97°35'E.) consist of
8.62 S end of the same island.
Northeast Little Torres Island, of moderate elevation, with a The Mergui Islands (paragraph 8.55) and Auckland Bay
8.63

reef about 0.5 mile W of it, and a group of three islets in the (paragraph 8.56) have been previously described.
form of an ellipse between 4.5 miles SE and 10 miles S of the
Great Western Torres Islands. The highest islet of the group ap- 8.64 Hext Rock (12°08'N., 98°16'E.), which has a least
pears as two islets and has a needle-shaped rock off it. Vessels depth of 0.3m and is marked by ripples or breakers, lies about
should not approach within 3 miles of the Little Torres Islands 4.3 miles S of Cantor Island. The summit of Cantor Island, in
group. line bearing 002° with the 199m peak on La-e-atet Island, leads
Nearchus Rock (11°42'N., 97°52'E.), which covers at HW,
8.62 W of this rock.
lies about 13 miles SE of Fletcher Island. Christmas Island (12°00'N., 98°09'E.), 137m high to the
8.64

Nearchus Passage (11°53'N., 97°34'E.) connects with the

8.62 tops of the trees and lying about 6.5 miles S of Martin Island, is
Bentinck Route from the W and lies between Fletcher Island, the furthest N island of a group of islets and rocky patches. The
Lunka Rock, and Courts Island to the N and the Great Western island is densely wooded. The S side is bold and fronted by off-
Torres Islands, Nearchus Rock and Bentinck Island to the S. lying rocks. The indented N side is fronted by shoals extending
The peak on Bentinck Island is not conspicuous from this pas- 0.5 mile NE from it. The summit of the island is prominent
sage. from the S. Vessels can pass 0.5 mile off the W side of the is-
Directions.—From a position about 2 miles N of the Great
8.62 land, but the currents are strong during the flood.
Western Torres Islands, steer to pass 1.5 miles S of Fletcher Is- Double Rock (12°01'N., 98°11'E.), 13.7m high, bare and
8.64

land. Then steer to pass 1 mile S of Courts Island, then about 1 having two summits, lies 2.5 miles ENE of Christmas Island.
mile NW of Christmas Island which lies about 9 miles ENE of Single Rock, 4.6m high, lies about 0.5 mile N of Double Rock.
Courts Island, where the track joins the Bentinck Route. Directions.—Vessels proceeding S from Fell Passage
8.64

through the Bentinck Route should pass about 0.5 mile W of

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 277

Pinbwa Island and should then bring the SW point of King Is- during the falling tide. The rate of both currents at springs is
land in line bearing 340° with the sharp peak on Maingy Is- about 1.5 knots.
land. A course of 160° should then be steered with the range East of Maria Island (11°27'N., 98°00'E.), the tidal currents
8.65

astern until Shrub Rocks bear 046°. Course should then be al- set SE during the rising and NW during the falling tide, with
tered to 229° until the S end of Cantor Island bears 316°, dis- rates at springs of about 1.3 knots. Between the S end of Domel
tant 1.8 miles, when course should be altered to 222° which Island and Carew Island, about 2 miles S, the tidal currents set
leads about 1 mile NW of Christmas Island. NE during the rising and SW during the falling tide, with rates
Note that the double peak on the S end of Ross Island, kept
8.64 at springs of over 3 knots. The tidal currents are also strong be-
well open S of the S end of Cantor Island, leads S of the banks tween High Peaked Island and Bushby Island, and in Jubilee
which extend E from the latter island. Channel. Rips occur in this channel, especially off its E en-
Small vessels can cross the shoal E of Medina Patches by
8.64 trance.
keeping the E side of Pinbwa Island open NW of Tatange Is- Between Bushby Island and Owen Island, 8.5 miles SSE, the
8.65

land and bearing less than 034°. tidal currents set NE or ENE during the rising tide and in re-
Caution.—Vessels must guard against being set S between
8.64 verse directions during the falling tide, with rates at springs of
Cantor Island and Hext Rock. about 1.5 knots.
In the N approaches to Forrest Strait, between Bernard Is-
8.65

The Bentinck Route and Adjacent Coasts land (11°11'N., 98°16'E.) and the Dolphin Islands, about 14.5
miles S, the tidal currents set ENE during the rising and in an
8.65 Basin Island (11°59'N., 98°10'E.), 61m high and opposite direction during the falling tide, with rates at springs
sparsely wooded on its N side, lies 1 mile SE of Christmas Is- of about 1.5 knots.
land. An islet lies about midway between the two islands. Depths—Limitations.—The approaches to the outer islands
8.65

The Bentinck Route leads from the S end of Fell Passage to

8.65 of the Mergui Archipelago are deep and clear of dangers, but
the N end of Forrest Strait, about 90 miles to the S. It passes navigation through them is intricate and dangerous. The ap-
between Bentinck Island on the W and Domel Island on the E. proaches to the mainland coast are greatly encumbered by
The N end of the route has been previously described in para- these islands and the extensive mudflats and shoals closer in-
graph 8.56. shore.
The coastal area abreast of the Bentinck Route is indented by
8.65 There are considerable depths in the fairway of the Bentinck
8.65

numerous mangrove-filled inlets with meandering tidal cur- Route between Christmas Island and the entrance of Forrest
rents at their heads. The shores are extensive mangrove Strait. Caution is necessary, however, because there are no navi-
swamps and mudflats with a few areas of rocky headlands and gational aids and the channels have only been partially exam-
several short, narrow, sandy beaches. Mountain ranges trending ined. The least depth in the fairway between West Passage Island
N and S lie close inland along the S part of this coast. and Elephant Island, about 2.3 miles to the ENE, is 6.4m; the
The coastal islands are low and swampy, whereas, the off-
8.65 greatest depths are formed near West Passage Island.
shore islands are generally high, rocky, and well-wooded. Directions.—The track from Rangoon to Singapore leads
8.65

Tides—Currents.—In the N approaches to the Bentinck

8.65 well seaward of the Mergui Archipelago. Navigation through
Route, the tidal currents set SSE on the rising tide and in an op- this group is very intricate and dangerous to those not possess-
posite direction on the falling tide, at rates of about 2 knots in ing local knowledge.
open waters. Tide rips, eddies, and overfalls are found in the
narrow channels. 8.66 The Bentinck Route.—Vessels should follow the di-
Near the S entrance of Fell Passage and in the vicinity of
8.65 rections previously given in paragraph 8.64 to a position about
Shrub Rocks, the tidal currents set E on the rising and W on the 1 mile NW of Christmas Island and then to a position about 1
falling tide, at rates of about 2 knots. mile W of that island. From this latter position a course of 176°
Between Shrub Rocks and the Pickwick Group, about 14.5
8.65 should be steered, which leads about midway between Warning
miles SSW, the tidal currents set SE on the rising and NW on Rock and Biddy Rock and between Cap and Feathers Rock and
the falling tide. Rates of 4 to 5 knots have been reported at West Passage Island. Allowance should be made for the cur-
springs. rents as soundings give little warning of the approach to the
Between Courts Island and Parker Island, about 13 miles E,
8.65 dangers in this area.
the tidal currents set NE on the rising and in an opposite direc- When the summit of South Passage Island (11°46'N.,
8.66

tion on the falling tide. A set onto the SW side of Christmas Is- 98°07'E.) bears 270°, course should be altered to 195° which
land occurs during the rising tide. The rate at springs on the leads about 0.5 mile E of Bluff Point the S extremity of
rising tide is 1.3 knots; that on the falling tide is 1.8 knots. Bentinck Island. When this point comes in line bearing 005°
Between Bentinck Island and Domel Island, N of West Pas-
8.65 astern with the W end of South Passage Island, course should
sage Island, the tidal currents set NE on the rising and SW on be altered to about 185° so as to pass about 1 mile W of Fly
the falling tide, with rates at springs of about 2 knots. In the Rock (11°30'N., 98°06'E.).
more open waters NE of South Passage Island (11°46'N., When Fly Islet, which lies about 2.3 miles SE of Fly Rock,
8.66

98°07'E.), the tidal currents set N on the rising and S on the bears 090°, distant 3 miles, course should be altered to 180°,
falling tide, with rates at springs of about 1 knot. passing about 0.7 mile W of Cone Islet. When the summit of
At a position about 4 miles S of the S end of Bentinck Island,
8.65 Jane Island (11°21'N., 98°01'E.) bears 279°, course should be
the tidal currents at the start of the rising tide set ESE and then altered to 152° which leads about 1.8 miles NE of Celia Rock,
turn gradually through E to NE. The tidal currents set WSW about 4 miles NE of Father Island, and about 2 miles SW of

Pub. 173
278 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

High Island at the entrance of Forrest Strait. this island and the rock.
South Passage Island is difficult to identify from the S. Ves-
8.66 Elephant Island (11°50'N., 98°10'E.), which appears flat-
8.68

sels bound to the N should keep Cone Islet (11°23'N., topped from the offing, is 58m high and wooded. It lies about
98°06'E.) bearing not more than 180° astern, and well open W 1.8 miles SW of Marian Island and marks the E side of the
of Bushby Island until Fly Rock is passed. channel abreast West Passage Island.
Cap and Feathers (11°50'N., 98°09'E.), a single rock 13.7m
8.68

Christmas Island to Bentinck Island high, lies 0.8 mile NW of Elephant Island. A drying rock lies
about 91m W of this rock. A 5.5m shoal lies about 0.5 mile N
8.67 Courts Island (11°57'N., 98°00'E.), on the W side of of the same rock.
the Bentinck Route fairway, has been previously described in Peterson Rock (11°50'N., 98°06'E.), which dries 1.8m, lies
8.68

paragraph 8.62. on the W side of the fairway about 3.5 miles W of Elephant Is-
Pickwick Island (12°01'N., 98°16'E.) and Weller Island, the
8.67 land.
W islands of the Pickwick Group, are densely wooded, and Crown Island (11°50'N., 98°05'E.), 61m high and steep-to
8.68

fairly high and lie about 5.5 miles E of Christmas Island. This on its N side, lies 1.5 miles W of Peterson Rock.
group lies on the W side of the entrance of Morrison Bay. Bare West Passage Island (11°49'N., 98°07'E.) lies 2.5 miles
8.68

Rocks, both small, lie between Weller Island and the N end of WSW of Elephant Island and is bold and wooded. The island is
Parker Island, about 0.5 mile to the S. During spring tides, steep-to on its E side.
strong eddies occur in this vicinity. Dennis Rock (11°49'N., 98°06'E.), 4m high, lies 1 mile
8.68

Holly Island (12°00'N., 98°12'E.), 39m high, wooded, and

8.67 WSW of West Passage Island.
having a prominent summit, lies 2 miles ESE of Christmas Is-
land. Dangers lie within a radius of 1 mile of Holly Island. Bentinck Island—Off-lying Islets and Rocks
Stodart Rock, a small pinnacle with a depth of 1.8m, lies about
2.5 miles S of this island. 8.69 Bentinck Island (11°45'N., 98°02'E.), with a very ir-
Parker Island (11°57'N., 98°15'E.), Trotter Island, and
8.67 regular indented coast, is separated from Courts Island by a
Money Island, which lie S of the Pickwick Group, form the E deep channel about 0.3 mile wide. The island is densely wood-
side of the Bentinck Route. All three islands are densely wood- ed and hilly. A bold flat-topped hill, 294m high, lies 2 miles off
ed; their W sides are indented by small sandy bays. An intri- the N end of the island. A prominent higher peak rises about
cate, but rather deep channel about 0.5 mile wide, separates 2.5 miles SSE of this hill and appears as a horn when viewed
Parker Island from Trotter Island. Strong currents set through from the NE or SW. Another prominent hill lies about 10 miles
this channel. The channel between Trotter Island and Money SSW of this peak.
Island almost dries. The channel between Money Island and The island is surrounded by fairly deep water on all but its E
8.69

Domel Island is narrow and intricate. side, which is fringed by a shoal which extends up to 2 miles
Amie Island (11°56'N., 98°13'E.), small but high and dense-
8.67 offshore.
ly wooded, lies 4.8 miles SE of Christmas Island. A prominent The W coast of Bentinck Island is rugged, wooded, irregular,
8.69

summit tops the island. and fronted by several islets which lie up to 2 miles offshore.
Williams Reef (11°55'N., 98°11'E.), which dries 1.2m, lies
8.67 The N inlet of three, which indent the W coast, lies about 9
8.69

about 1.8 miles SW of Amie Island. Biddy Rock, with a least miles NNW of Bluff Point and provides anchorage, in a depth
depth of 4.9m, lies 1.5 miles farther SW. of 9.1m, in a bay indenting its N shore.
Warning Rock (11°54'N., 98°05'E.), which dries 0.6m, lies
8.67 The middle inlet, which lies 7 miles NNW of Bluff Point,
8.69

on the W side of the fairway about 6.8 miles SSW of Christmas provides anchorage in a cove along the N shore, in a depth of
Island. The Bentinck Route track passes midway between this 9.1m. Only small vessels with local knowledge can be accom-
rock and Biddy Rock. modated.
Whale Rock (11°52'N., 98°05'E.), 9.1m high, lies 1.8 miles
8.67 The S inlet, which lies 4.3 miles NW of Bluff Point, provides
8.69

S of Warning Rock. A shallow patch lies close SE of Whale anchorage to small vessels with local knowledge, in depths of
Rock. 11 to 27.4m.
Zahora Rock (11°52'N., 98°01'E.), awash and steep-to, lies
8.67 The E coast of Bentinck Island is indented by North Bay and
8.69

1.3 miles N of the N end of Bentinck Island. two other inlets. Thompson Island, 305m high, is separated
from the NE coast of Bentinck Island by a narrow shoal chan-
8.68 Marian Island (11°51'N., 98°12'E.), sparsely wood- nel. North Bay lies on the W side of Thompson Island and pro-
ed, lies about 5 miles S of Amie Island. A high conspicuous vides anchorage, in depths of 11 to 27.4m.
peak lies at the W end of the island. Two fairly high summits South Passage Island (11°46'N., 98°07'E.), bold and wood-
8.69

lie in the E part of the island. The saddle in between is promi- ed, lies about 3.3 miles S of West Passage Island. A drying reef
nent from the S. lies about 0.3 mile NE of the N point of South Passage Island,
A group of islands and rocks, including Rosie Island and
8.68 with shoal depths in between. During the Southwest Monsoon,
Biddy Island, lies between Marian Island and Amie Island. A anchorage can be taken between these two islands about 2
prominent summit lies on the NW side of Rosie Island. Biddy miles E of the S end of Thompson Island.
Island consists of two parts connected by a causeway. A foul Doris Rock (11°43'N., 98°06'E.), which dries, and Daphne
8.69

channel separates this group from Trotter Island to the E. Rock, awash, lie 6 miles N and 4.5 miles N, respectively, of
A pinnacle rock, with a least depth of 3.4m, lies about 1.8
8.68 Bluff Point.
miles S of Marian Island. Several islets and rocks lie between The S part of the E coast of Bentinck Island is indented by
8.69

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 279

two inlets about 2.8 and 4 miles N of Bluff Point. Small vessels Anne Island (11°20'N., 98°00'E.), the next island to the S,
8.70

with local knowledge can anchor in the N arm of the S inlet. rises to a height of 204m. Two isolated rocks lie about 3.3
Several rocks lie off the S end of Bentinck Island. Perforated
8.69 miles W of the N end of Anne Island. Small vessels with local
Rock, 24m high and bare, lies 1.5 miles WSW of Bluff Point. knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 14.6m, sand, in a bay
Fish Rock, 3m high, lies 1 mile SSW of Perforated Rock. about 0.5 mile SSE of the N end of Anne Island.
Perforated Rock has been reported to be a good radar target
8.69 Charlotte Island (11°19'N., 98°01'E.), separated from Anne
8.70

up to 22 miles. Island by a narrow channel, is 157m high. Charlotte Rock, 21m

Domel Island (11°39'N., 98°15'E.), one of the largest is-
8.69 high and bare, lies about 0.3 mile ENE of the island of the
lands of the Mergui Archipelago, lies roughly parallel with and same name. May Island, 41m high and densely wooded, lies
7 to 13 miles E of Bentinck Island. Several densely wooded 137m E of Charlotte Island. Pin Island, steep-to and densely
conspicuous peaks lie on the island and range from 488m to wooded, is 62m high and lies about 0.2 mile ESE of South
683m high. Sanderson Hill rises to a bare summit, 539m high, Quoin Islet. This latter islet is 78m high and lies 183m S of
9.5 miles SSW of the N end of the island. The W coast is in- May Island.
dented by many bays with sandy beaches at their heads. Celia Rock (11°19'N., 98°04'E.), awash, lies 2 miles ENE of
8.70

Livock Bay (11°28'N., 98°14'E.), on the S coast of the is-

8.69 May Island. Depths of 14.6m exist about 0.5 mile SE of this
land, contains numerous dangers, but small vessels with local rock.
knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 7.3m, in the N arm of the Black Rock (11°23'N., 97°40'E.) lies isolated about 18.5
8.70

bay. Protection is provided during the Southwest Monsoon. miles WSW of Maria Island and can be seen for a distance of 8
Pigeon Island (11°47'N., 98°13'E.), 119m high near its N
8.69 miles.
end and wooded, lies 3 miles W of the NW point of Domel Is-
land. A shoal spit extends almost 0.5 mile N from the island. 8.71 Coopers Driver Island (11°27'N., 97°55'E.), rugged
and partly wooded, lies 5 miles SW of Charlotte Island. A
Bentinck Island to Forrest Strait small islet lies close off the SW end of the island, but it is
steep-to on its E and W sides. A bare islet, connected by a
8.70 West side of the Bentinck Route.—Tree Island chain of rocks to a similar islet about 1 mile to the E, lies close
(11°32'N., 97°58'E.) lies about 9 miles SW of the S end of off the N end of the island. Strong eddies prevail during the
Bentinck Island. Northwest Islet lies 3 miles farther WSW and strength of the tidal currents.
Flat Islet lies 1.8 miles SW of Tree Island. Hen and Chickens, a group of six rocks, lies 2.5 miles S of
8.71

Five Sisters (11°23'N., 98°00'E.) consist of a group of is-

8.70 Charlotte Island. The S rock of the group rises to a height of
lands and rocks which lie between 10 and 20 miles SSW of the 15.2m and is the largest of the group.
S end of Bentinck Island. Maria, Eliza, Jane, Anne, and Char- Son Island (11°12'N., 98°05'E.) and Father Island, both
8.71

lotte are the principal islands of the group. These wooded is- bare, lie close together about 5.5 miles SE of Hen and Chick-
lands are rocky and precipitous on the their W sides, and ens. The S and W sides of Father Island are marked by red
marked by sandy beaches on their E sides. streaked cliffs. A rock, 0.9m high, lies 0.6 mile N of Son Is-
Maria Island (11°27'N., 98°00'E.), irregularly-shaped and
8.70 land. Two other rocks, which dry 2.4m, lie almost 0.3 mile N of
fairly high, is marked by four distinct peaks. Two small islets this rock.
lie within 0.5 mile N of the N end of the island. A fairly high High Peaked Island (11°27'N., 98°08'E.), 1 mile W of the
8.71

rock lies close off the NE end of the island. Violet Island, SW extremity of Domel Island, rises to a prominent densely-
wooded and having a grassy summit, lies 0.5 mile SE of Maria wooded summit, 302m high. Second Observation Island, 70m
Island. Several above-water rocks lie in between the two is- high, cliffy and wooded, lies 0.4 mile N of the N end of High
lands. Maria Rock, 13.7m high, lies almost 1 mile E of Violet Peaked Island. Fly Islet and Mosquito Islet lie within 0.5 mile
Island. A rock, 6.1m high, lies 183m NW of the rock. NE of Second Observation Island. A drying rock lies close SW
Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor in a small
8.70 of Mosquito Islet. A similar rock lies 1.5 miles ESE of Second
bay on the N coast of Maria Island, in a depth of 12.8m, sand, Observation Island. Fly Rock, a small steep-to pinnacle, awash,
0.5 mile SSE of the NW end of the island. Protection is provid- lies 2.3 miles NW of Fly Islet and is difficult to distinguish.
ed during the Southwest Monsoon. Bushby Island (11°24'N., 98°08'E.), bold and topped by
8.71

Eliza Island (11°24'N., 98°00'E.), 204.2m high, lies about

8.70 many high wooded peaks, lies 2 miles SW of the SW extremity
1.3 miles SW of Violet Island. Northeast Quoin Island lies 1 of Domel Island.
mile E of the SE end of Eliza Island. Eliza Rock, 10.7m high Cone Islet (11°23'N., 98°06'E.), 65m high, conical and
8.71

and bare, lies 2 miles SE of the N end of the same island. Um- heavily wooded, lies 1.5 miles S of the W end of Bushby Is-
brella Rock, 22.9m high with a drying rock 137m S of it, lies land.
0.6 mile SSE of Northeast Quoin Island. Constitution Bank (11°24'N., 98°04'E.), with a least depth
8.71

Jane Island (11°21'N., 98°01'E.) lies 1 mile S of Eliza Is-

8.70 of 12.5m, lies between Bushby Island and the Five Sisters.
land and is 207m high. Jane Rock, 12.2m high and bare, lies Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a depth of
8.71

about 2 miles ENE of the N end of Jane Island. A rock, 3m 14.6m, close outside a line joining the entrance points of a
high, lies about 0.2 mile SSE of Jane Rock. A smaller rock lies small sandy cove near the NW point of Bushby Island.
91m NW of Jane Rock. Dorothy Island (11°24'N., 98°11'E.), 85.3m high, lies 2
8.71

Janet Island (11°21'N., 98°01'E.), densely wooded and 88m

8.70 miles ESE of the NE point of Bushby Island. Within about 6
high, lies 0.4 mile SE of Jane Island. Two rocky ledges lie in miles E and ESE of Dorothy Island, there are a group of dense-
between. ly-wooded islands and rocks. These include Carew Island,

Pub. 173
280 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

North Park Island, South Park Island, Ravenshaw Island, and channel which is approached between Domel and Kisseraing
Wendy Island. Alligator Rock, 4.6m high, lies 1.5 miles E of Island. This channel leads between flats which extend from the
Ravenshaw Island. N parts of these islands into the SW corner of the bay.
Jubilee Channel (11°19'N., 98°15'E.), a fairly-wide deep
8.71 The N entrance of Celerity Passage lies in the SW part of the
8.73

passage, branches off from the Bentinck Route in an ENE di- bay.
rection between Ravenshaw Island and Alligator Rock. The Parker Island (11°57'N., 98°15'E.), 189m high near its SE
8.73

currents are strong in this passage. end, is densely wooded. Numerous islets lie off the E side of
Katherine Island (11°18'N., 98°13'E.), 75m high and wood-
8.71 the island. Edmund Island and Wilmot Island lie close together
ed, lies in the SW entrance of Jubilee Channel. Vessels can pass about 0.5 mile off its NE coast. Pirie Island, densely wooded
N of it, or between it and Barbara Island, about 1.5 miles to The and conical in shape, lies 1 mile NE of the E end of Parker Is-
S. The latter island is 79m high and densely wooded. land. Tree Island, having shoal ground extending 0.5 mile N
Sir J. Malcom Island (11°18'N., 98°15'E.) has two prominent
8.71 from it, lies 0.5 mile NW of Pirie Island.
summits. Both summits rise to elevations of over 366m. Star Island, densely wooded and 113m high, lies 1 mile SSW
8.73

A drying rock lies about 0.6 mile WSW of Barbara Island.

8.71 of Pirie Island. This island is the northernmost and easternmost
Three islets lie S of Barbara Island and close off the SW ex-
8.71 of a group of five islands lying off the SE point of Parker Is-
tremity of Sir J. Malcom Island. An islet lies in the middle of land. Reef Island, the southernmost, is 50m high and lies 0.5
an inlet on the E side of the latter island. mile off the NE end of Trotter Island. A small islet lies 0.3 mile
E of Trotter Island.
8.72 Paines Reef (11°18'N., 98°18'E.), composed of drying Trotter Island (11°53'N., 98°16'E.), the next island S of
8.73

coral, lies 1 mile E of the NE side of Sir J. Malcom Island. A Parker Island, is 326m high and densely wooded. Whaleback
rocky patch, with a least depth of less than 1.8m, lies 1.3 miles S Reef, which dries 1.5m, lies about 1 mile N of the E end of
of Paines Reef. Haldane Island, 41m high and heavily wooded, Trotter Island. Shoal patches lie NNW and SW of the reef, but
lies 4.8 miles SE of the N end of Sir J. Malcom Island. to the E there is deep water.
A navigable passage, 0.3 mile wide, separates the last-named
8.72

island from Owen Island to the S. Jubilee Channel is consid- 8.74 Heath Rock (11°55'N., 98°19'E.), which has a least
ered to be the safer of the two. depth of 1.5m, lies about 1.8 miles NNE of the E end of Trotter
Owen Island (11°14'N., 98°15'E.) has three distinct sum-
8.72 Island. Eddies usually mark this rock. Forfar Rock, 1.2m high,
mits; the S summit is 381m high and the other two are each lies on a rocky patch about 1.8 miles ENE of the same point.
472m high. Sinclair Bay indents the W side of the island and Money Island (11°50'N., 98°17'E.), the next island to the S,
8.74

has a sandy beach about 1 mile long. Small vessels with local is 335m high and heavily wooded. A wooded islet lies in mid-
knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 14.6m, sand, about 0.5 channel between this island and Domel Island.
mile W of a small bluff in the middle of the bay head. Protec- Una Island (11°52'N., 98°18'E.), 23m high and separated
8.74

tion is provided during the Northeast Monsoon. from Jack Island by a channel, 0.2 mile wide, lies 1 mile NE of
June Bay, bordered by rocky ledges around its shores, lies S
8.72 the NE end of Money Island. Jack Island, 68m high and sparse-
of Sinclair Bay. Small vessels with local knowledge can an- ly wooded, lies 0.5 mile off the NE side of Money Island. A
chor, in a depth of 16.5m, in the entrance of the bay. village lies on the N side of Jack Island.
Joan Island (11°15'N., 98°18'E.), 59m high, lies about 0.8
8.72 The channels between the above islands are not to be used
8.74

mile E of the NE end of Owen Island. Doris Island, 85m high, because of the strong, irregular currents.
lies 1.5 miles E of the N summit of the same island. Both is- Kayo Island (12°04'N., 98°24'E.), 52m high, lies 2 miles
8.74

lands are densely wooded. A drying reef lies almost 1 mile E of SW of the NW end of Sellore Island.
the E end of Owen Island. Donnelly Reef (11°55'N., 98°25'E.), which dries 1.2m, lies
8.74

Maxwell Island, Milne Island, and Bain Island, all small, lie
8.72 about 8 miles S of Kayo Island. The intervening area is marked
close S of Owen Island. by several shoal patches.
Bernard Island (11°11'N., 98°16'E.), 190m high and dense-
8.72 Donnelly Island (11°54'N., 98°26'E.), 47m high and well-
8.74

ly wooded, lies 0.5 mile S of Owen Island. A deep channel sep- wooded, lies 2 miles SSE of Donnelly Reef. This island lies on
arates the two islands. A shoal bank, with a least depth of the NE side of a channel which leads between Julian Island and
11.3m, extends about 3.5 miles W from the W side of Owen Is- Kennedy Island.
land. A bank, with a least depth of 14.3m, lies 1.5 miles W of Lokthama Kyun (11°54'N., 98°27'E.), which lies between
8.74

the S end of Bernard Island. Donnelly Island and the E shore of the bay, is 79m high and
well-wooded. The intervening channel is deep but the currents
Morrison Bay are strong. A 2.4m patch lies in the S entrance of this channel.
Twin Rocks (11°53'N., 98°27'E.), 9.1m high, lie 0.8 mile
8.74

8.73 Morrison Bay (12°00'N., 98°21'E.) is entered be- SSE of Donnelly Island. Bird Rocks, white in color and steep-
tween the Pickwick Group and Saunggyi Kyun, about 10 miles to, lie 0.4 mile S of Twin Rocks.
to the NE. The bay extends about 15 miles SSE of Julian Is-
land, Kennedy Island, and Tucker Island near its head. Parker 8.75 Head of Morrison Bay.—The N coast of Kisseraing
Island, Trotter Island, and Money Island form the W side of the Island is fronted by Julian Island, Kennedy Island, and Tucker
bay and Sellore Island forms its E side. The N side of Kisser- Island. Julian Island, 134m high on its W side, lies with its SW
aing Island forms the S side of the bay. point about 3 miles NE of the NW end of Kisseraing Island. A
Morrison Bay can also be entered from the S by a narrow
8.73 village lies near the S end of the island.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 281

An extensive bank, as defined by the 6m curve, extends 6.5

8.75
Whale Bay
miles NNW from the NW point of Kisseraing Island. Square
Rock, 4.6m high, lies near the end of this bank about 2 miles 8.77 Whale Bay (11°35'N., 98°39'E.) lies between the SE
ESE of the E end of Trotter Island. Quoin Rock, 9.1m high, lies side of Kisseraing Island and the mainland to the E. The en-
0.8 mile S of Square Rock. Both rocks are jungle covered. trance lies between Mawyut Point and Wet Kyun, about 9
Sidney Island (11°52'N., 98°25'E.), 21m high and heavily
8.75 miles to the E. The bay is approached from the SW, but caution
wooded, lies 0.5 mile N of Julian Island. is required because the bay has not been closely examined.
Kennedy Island (11°50'N., 98°28'E.), 174m high and heavi-
8.75 Sheltered anchorage can be taken, in depths of 11 to 18.3m, in
ly wooded, lies 1 mile E of Julian Island. Numerous islets and the S part of the bay.
rocks lie between this island and the S end of Sellore Island. A Pawe Kyun, marked by a prominent tree-covered hill near its
8.77

shoal, having a depth of 7.9m, lies between Julian Island and S end, lies about 3.3 miles SSW of Mawyut Point. Firth Rock
Kennedy Island. lies on a reef which extends about 0.5 mile NE from the NE
Tucker Island, separated from Kennedy Island to the E by a
8.75 side of the island. Shoal ground, as defined by the curve, ex-
narrow shoal channel, is densely wooded and has two high tends more than 1 mile farther NE. Shoal ground, with a least
summits. depth of 3m, extends 1 mile off the SE side of the island.
Kanmaw Village lies at the NE end of Kisseraing Island. A
8.75 Vera Island (11°29'N., 98°32'E.), 90m high and wooded,
8.77

beacon lies on a rock 0.3 mile NE of the village. Regular sea lies 1.5 miles NE of the N end of Pawe Kyun. Vera Shoal,
communication is maintained between the village and Mergui. which has a least depth of 11.9m, lies about in mid-channel be-
Celerity Passage (11°46'N., 98°20'E.), narrow and tortuous,
8.75 tween Vera Island and Lalla Rookh Island. Tide rips exist in the
leads S from the SW corner of Morrison Bay between Domel channel between Vera Island and Mawyut Point.
Island to the W and the extensive flats known as Leslie’s Gar- Robert Island (11°24'N., 98°30'E.), high and heavily wood-
8.77

den to the E. Jubilee Channel joins this channel about 25 miles ed, lies close S of the S end of Pawe Kyun.
to the S and then leads S to the N entrance of Forrest Strait, Fink Island, high and heavily wooded, is the northeasternmost
8.77

about 22 miles distant. of a group of small islands and rocks that lie up to 5.5 miles SW
Leslie’s Garden (11°47'N., 98°20'E.), an extensive flat
8.75 of Pawe Kyun. The channels between these islands should not be
which dries in places, extends about 5.5 miles NW from the used because of the rips and variable currents.
NW end of Kisseraing Island to within 0.5 mile of Jack Island. Malcom Island (11°18'N., 98°32'E.), high and densely
8.77

The flat also extends W for about 4.5 miles from the same wooded, lies about 5 miles NE from the outer edge of a shoal
point to within a short distance of the E coast of Domel Island. tongue which extends 17 miles SW from the mainland. Ched-
ing Flats is that part of the tongue which lies between the island
Morrison Bay—South Approach and the mainland.

8.76 The S approach to Morrison Bay lies between the SE 8.78 Alice Island (11°21'N., 98°31'E.) lies on a detached
point of Domel Island and Mawyut Point, the S end of Kisser- shoal, about 1.3 miles in extent, which lies about 2 miles NNW
aing Island about 15 miles ENE. of the N point of Malcom Island.
A bank, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 4 miles
8.76 Barn Island, 114m high and heavily wooded, lies 4.5 miles
8.78

off the W side of Kisseraing Island, 11 miles WNW of Mawyut W of the S part of Malcom Island.
Point. Mawyut Point (11°31'N., 98°32'E.) the W entrance point of
8.78

The Marble Islands, a group of two large and four small is-
8.76 Whale Bay, is steep-to on its S and E sides. Wet Kyun, on the E
lands, lie from 1.5 to 2 miles off the SE side of Domel Island. side of the entrance, is 125m high and well-wooded. There is
The group is almost bare of trees and steep-to. The S island of no navigable channel between the island and the mainland.
the group is the highest, attaining an elevation of 317m. Small Kyauk Kalat, a small islet of whitish color, lies 0.5 mile S of
vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 11m, off the island and on the N side of the entrance of Yengan Chaung,
the W entrance point of a cove on the S end of this island. Ves- a creek bordered by drying flats on both sides of the entrance.
sels can anchor off this group of islands according to the mon- From the entrance of Yengan Chaung, the E side of Whale
8.78

soon; the greatest depths being found between them and Domel Bay extends N for about 14 miles to the mouth of the Lenya
Island. River at the NE corner of the bay. None of the creeks along this
Sydney Island (11°32'N., 98°27'E.), small, wooded, and
8.76 section are as large as the Yengan Chaung.
brown, lies close off the SW point of Kisseraing Island. Campbell Rock (11°33'N., 98°34'E.), awash, lies about 3
8.78

Lalla Rookh Island (11°30'N., 98°30'E.), 32m high, well-

8.76 miles NE of Mawyut Point and is marked by a beacon with a
wooded, and having a prominent dark tree at its N end, lies white circle topmark. The rock consists of two pinnacles and is
about 2 miles W of Mawyut Point and is the furthest S of a steep-to on its E side.
small group of islands. All of these islands are densely wooded Mawgaung-don, a point on the E side of Kisseraing Island,
8.78

and lie on an area of foul ground which extends about 2 miles lies 6 miles N of Mawyut Point. Bhadra Reef fronts the shore
offshore. for about 3 miles S of Mawgaung-don and extends up to 1.5
Small vessels with local knowledge can use Celerity Passage
8.76 miles offshore. A vessel, with a draft of 2.4m, struck a rock on
on the last of the flood; the tidal currents are not strong. the outer part of this reef about 1.8 miles S of Mawgaung-don.
Northward of Mawgaung-don, the depths decrease and the
8.78

channel along the NE side of Kisseraing Island almost dries.

The Lenya River (11°40'N., 98°43'E.) rises close to the Pak-
8.78

Pub. 173
282 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

chan River and roughly flows from N to S. The small village of Kyun to the N, and Mingyi Sakan, Sir Robert Campbell Island
Lenya lies 36 miles upstream and can be reached by small and Kandaw Island on the S. Kyaukmedaung and Tunnel Rock,
light-draft power vessels. which is conspicuous, lie close N of Kandaw Island. This latter
Between Kabyachaung (11°27'N., 98°43'E.), a 65.8m high
8.78 island is 80m high.
islet which lies on the S side of the entrance of Yengan Chaung A group of islets and rocks lie within 0.8 mile from the S end
8.79

and the entrance of the Bokpyin Chaung, about 11 miles to the of Kauye Kyun. A rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies 1.5
S, the coast is fringed by mangroves and intersected by creeks. miles S of this group and 0.8 mile ENE of Mingyi Sakan.
Sadien Ondawagan, the largest of many villages in this area,
8.78 Riou Island (10°56'N., 98°26'E.), 65m high, lies on an area
8.79

lies 4.5 miles S of the S entrance point of Yengan Chaung. of shoal ground, about 1.3 miles S of Collies Island. The inter-
Cheding Rocks, 12.2m high, lie close offshore about 1.3 miles vening channel is known as Warrington Passage.
NW of this village. Kinnears Passage (10°59'N., 98°28'E.) separates Collies Is-
8.79

Khogyun, 65m high, well-wooded, and prominent, lies 5.5

8.78 land from Kauye Kyun, but is suitable only for small vessels
miles SSW of the same village. A shoal, which dries in places, with local knowledge.
extends about 0.5 mile NE from the island. Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 11m, about 0.5 mile E
8.79

Boat Rock (11°18'N., 98°41'E.), about 0.4 mile N of Kho

8.78 of an islet which lies about 2 miles N of Tunnel Rock.
Gyun, is 15.2m high. Bhadra Rock, about 0.5 mile W of Boat
Rock, dries 0.9m. Forrest Passage and Forrest Strait—West and
Small vessels can anchor, in a depth of 7.3m, about 1 mile S
8.78
Southwest Sides
of Kho Gyun.
A small village lies on the S side of the entrance of Bokpyin
8.78 8.80 Forrest Passage (11°05'N., 98°04'E.) is 16 miles
Chaung, a creek about 7 miles S of Sadien Ondawagan. A wide at its entrance between Father Island, previously de-
prominent house lies on a hill behind the village. scribed in paragraph 8.71, and North Sentinel Islet, and leads
The coast between Bokpyin Chaung and the islands forming
8.78 ESE for about 15 miles to the N entrance of Forrest Strait.
the N side of Karathuri Bay, about 13 miles to the S, is indent- North Sentinel Islet (10°57'N., 97°58'E.), small and steep-
8.80

ed by creeks and marked inland by high hills. to, has a rock close off its W side.
Clara Island (10°54'N., 97°55'E.) rises to two summits and
8.80

8.79 Nopu Taung Saba (Elephant Rock) (11°13'N., lies 1.5 miles SW of North Sentinel Islet. The N summit is
98°39'E.), 48m high and prominent, lies 4.5 miles SW of Kho 534m high and the S summit is sharp. South Sentinel Islet lies
Gyun. This islet is the northwesternmost of a group of islets 0.5 mile S of the S point of Clara Island.
and rocks which lie on the S side of the approach to Bokpyin Kanzagyi, an island 173m high, lies 2.8 miles E of Clara Is-
8.80

Chaung. Numerous rocks and reefs lie between this group and land. Wa-ale Kyun (Blunt Island), 314m high, lies 1 mile far-
the mainland. Needle Rocks lies 1.3 miles NE of Nopu Taung ther E.
Saba. A reef, partly above and below-water, lies within 2 miles SW
8.80

Pulau Ting-nga (11°12'N., 98°39'E.), a group of three coni-

8.79 of Kanzagyi.
cal rocks, lies about 1.5 miles S of Nopu Taung Saba. The S Forrest Strait (10°50'N., 98°21'E.), entered between the N
8.80

rock rises to a height of 21m. Foul ground extends 14 miles NE end of Sullivan Island and Collies Island, about 15 miles to the
and 0.8 mile E from these rocks. E, is a deep-water sheltered passage available to deep-draft
Pulau Ampat (11°10'N., 98°37'E.), three well-wooded is-
8.79 vessels. At its N end, Forrest Strait connects with Forrest Pas-
lets, lie 3.5 miles SSW of Nopu Taung Saba. The S islet is 76m sage, the Bentinck Route, and the route from Morrison Bay
high. From a distance, these islets appear as one. Foul ground through Celerity Passage. Investigator Channel leads from the
extends about 1.5 miles ENE from these islets. W into the strait.
North Cone Island, about 2 miles SSW of Pulau Ampat, is
8.79 The strait extends about 70 miles S as far as the entrance of
8.80

30m high. Pualu Kyin Ngai, 69m high, lies 4 miles WSW of the Pakchan River, and leads between the mainland coast and a
North Cone Island, Pualu Panyam, 73m high, lies 3 miles far- chain of islands, islets, and rocks which lie from 10 to 12 miles
ther SW. offshore. A group of islands, about 18 miles S of the N en-
An islet, 43m high, lies near the S end of the shoal ground
8.79 trance of the strait, lie in the fairway and divide the strait into
that extends 3 miles S from Pulau Panyam. two channels. Areas of discolored water are found throughout
Karathuri Bay (10°58'N., 98°36'E.) lies between Carnac Is-
8.79 the strait.
land and Jenkins Island to the N, and Kyeinni Taung and the Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents in Forrest Passage set
8.80

Brothers Islands to the S. Carnac Island and Jenkins Island are E with the rising tide and W with the falling tide. The rate is
surrounded by numerous islands, all lying on an extensive mud about 2.3 knots at springs.
bank, about 6 miles SSE of North Cone Island. A narrow, shoal Overfalls and eddies occur about 2 miles W of High Island.
8.80

channel separates this mud bank from the mainland to the E. Within the strait, the tidal currents set N with the rising tide and
Carnac Channel, which leads into Karathuri Bay from the N
8.79 S on the falling tide, with rates at springs of about 1 knot. In the
between Carnac Island and Kauye Kyun, about 3 miles to the vicinity of the channels between the islands on the W side of
W, is suitable only for small vessels with local knowledge. the strait, the directions are NE on the rising and SW on the
Some of the reefs and shoals in this channel are marked by bea- falling tide, with rates of 1.3 to 1.5 knots at springs.
cons. In Investigator Channel, the tidal currents set ENE on the ris-
8.80

Warrington Straits (10°55'N., 98°30'E.) leads into

8.79 ing tide and WSW on the falling tide, with rates of 0.5 knot at
Karathuri Bay from the W between Collies Island and Kauye springs.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 283

Depths—Limitations.—Forrest Passage and the approaches

8.80 ed group of three, lie between 3 and 5.5 miles SSE of Pulo
to Forrest Strait from the N are deep and clear. The W channel Gaban. The S islet is the highest. Small vessels can anchor in
leading through Forrest Strait has a least depth of 11.9m; the E the channel between these islets and Sullivan Island.
channel has a least depth of 8.5m. The outer islands along this Katyang (10°51'N., 98°16'E.), a small islet 68m high, lies
8.82

coast are fairly steep-to on their seaward sides. close offshore about 2 miles S of the Dolphin Islands.
Directions.—Vessels without local knowledge should pro-
8.80 Half Moon Reef (10°50'N., 98°18'E.), which dries 0.3m,
8.82

ceed with caution because there are few navigational aids, none lies 1.5 miles offshore about 2.5 miles SE of Katyang. A simi-
of which are lighted. The W channel should be used because of lar reef, which also dries 0.3m, lies 1.3 miles NW. The summit
the deep water within 1 mile of the Gregory Islands and the of Pulo Gaban, open NE of the N Dolphin Island and bearing
landmarks available for position fixing. about 030°, leads E of Half Moon Reef. Bold Promontory,
From a position about 2 miles SW of High Island, a course
8.80 open E of The Foreland and bearing 190°, also leads E of Half
of 152° should be steered until the S end of the S Dolphin Is- Moon Reef.
land bears 270°, distant 4 miles. The latter position can also be The Foreland (10°47'N., 98°18'E.), a projecting headland
8.82

reached by steering a course of 195° from a position 2.3 miles 13.6m high, is the E extremity of Sullivan Island and is more
E of High Island. Course should then be altered to 180° and prominent than Bold Promontory, about 2.3 miles farther S.
maintained until Bold Promontory (11°44'N., 98°18'E.) bears Marble Island (10°45'N., 98°18'E.), 8.3m high with an islet
8.82

270°, distant 1.5 miles. A course of 186° should then be steered off its W side, lies 1 mile SSW of The Foreland.
until Pulau Tuhan bears 090°, distant 2 miles. Course should Ramsom Shoal (10°42'N., 98°19'E.), a coral patch with a
8.82

then be altered to 165° for a position about 2 miles E of the least depth of 7.3m, lies about 2.5 miles S of Bold Promontory.
Five Islands. Pulo Nalo, 235m high, and Pulo Kugyi, 34m high, lie within
8.82

Vessels using the E channel should from a position about 2

8.80 4.5 miles S of the S end of Sullivan Island. Several islets lie be-
miles SW of High Island, steer a course of 152° until Shitpwin tween them.
Kyun bears 045°. Course should then be altered to about 172°, Steep Shoal (10°38'N., 98°17'E.), a rocky patch with a least
8.82

which leads in mid-channel over a least depth of 8.2m. When depth of 1.5m, lies about 1.3 miles E of the N end of Pulo
Karachi Rock Beacon bears 270°, distant 1 mile, course should Kugyi. The Foreland, open E of Bold Promontory and bearing
be altered to 181° which leads to a position about 2 miles E of about 360°, leads E of Steep Shoal.
the Five Islands.
From the junction of the two channels, at a position 2 miles
8.80
North Part of Forrest Strait—East Side
E of the Five Islands, a course of 193° should be steered in or-
der to clear the extensive sand and mudflat which lies off the 8.83 Collies Island (10°59'N., 98°27'E.), Riou Island,
Pakchan River entrance. Mingyi Sakan, and Sir Campbell Island, together with the
Vessels bound for the Pakchan River entrance from the junc-
8.80 mainland coast to the S, form the E side of Forrest Strait.
tion point should steer for a position 4 miles W of Pulo Mah Shitpwin Kyun (10°49'N., 98°26'E.), 27m high, lies 7.5
8.83

Puteh and then follow the directions for the Pakchan River. miles E of Half Moon Reef and is the N islet of several which
lie on the coastal bank on the E side of Forrest Strait. A 4.3m
Forrest Strait—North Entrance beacon, with a white ball topmark, marks a rock awash about
0.3 mile N of Shitpwin Kyun.
8.81 The N entrance of Forrest Strait lies between the N Campbell Reef (10°47'N., 98°26'E.), flat and rocky, dries
8.83

end of Sullivan Island and Collies Island, about 15.5 miles to about 24m and is marked at its SW end by a beacon which
the E. High Island, which lies about in the middle of the N en- stands 3.5 miles S of Shitpwin Kyun.
trance, rises to a double peak, about 428m high. A drying Pinwun Maw (10°45'N., 98°28'E.), which lies about 3 miles
8.83

rocky ledge extends about 0.2 mile from the SE side of the is- ESE of the beacon on Campbell Reef, is the NW point of the
land. A cove lies NW of this ledge. mainland which forms the E side of Forrest Strait. The coast
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 22m, close off this
8.81 then extends 7.5 miles S to Tutthabo Maw. These two points
cove. and Kyakyke Maw, about midway between them, are the only
Collies Island is the northernmost island of many which
8.81 prominent features along this low stretch of coast which rises
form the E side of the N portion of Forrest Strait. some distance inland to high peaks about 670m high.
Kala Taung (10°40'N., 98°29'E.), 1.3 miles SE of Kyakyke
8.83

North Part of Forrest Strait—West Side Maw, rises to a height of 235m and is the highest hill near the
coast. A smaller hill lies 1.5 miles S of Kala Taung.
8.82 Two Hill Island (10°59'N., 98°12'E.), 143m high, and
Pulo Gaban, 120m high, lie close E of the N end of Sullivan Is- Forrest Strait—Mid-channel Dangers
land. The islands are steep-to except for a rock awash, about
0.3 mile NNW of Pulo Gaban. 8.84 Jefford Shoal (10°48'N., 98°21'E.), a steep-to de-
The E coast of Sullivan Island forms the W side of the N part
8.82 tached 9.1m patch, lies in mid-channel about 4.5 miles WSW
of Forrest Strait and rises steeply to form a thickly wooded of Shitpwin Kyun.
range of hills about 309m high. East Peak, the highest summit, A shoal, with a depth of 13.7m, lies about 3.5 miles E of The
8.84

rises to a height of 462m about 12 miles SSE of the N end of Foreland.

the island. Gregory Group (10°40'N., 98°21'E.) consists of five low
8.84

The Dolphin Islands (10°55'N., 98°15'E.), a densely-wood-

8.82 wooded islands, which lie in mid-channel, abreast the S end of

Pub. 173
284 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

Sullivan Island. 76m high, lies close S of Russell Island. A rocky islet lies close
Leik-u Kyun, small, wooded, and 33m high, is the N island
8.84 off the SW side of Little Russell Island. The passage between
of the group. Shoals extend 1.5 miles N from the island and ter- the two islands is 0.5 mile, wide and deep.
minate in Marble Patch, which has a least depth of 1.8m, sand Currents in the vicinity of Little Russell Island are variable
8.86

and shells. in strength and direction and numerous eddies exist. Vessels
Wa Kyun, Pulo Myang, and Pulo Myang Basa lie within 3.5
8.84 should give the rocky islet close SW of this island a wide berth.
miles S of the above island. Extensive reefs fringe these is- North Phipps Island (10°10'N., 98°17'E.), topped by a
8.86

lands. prominent summit, 110m high, lies 3.3 miles SSE of Little
Myang Shoal (10°39'N., 98°20'E.), with a least depth of
8.84 Russell Island.
11m, lies 1.3 miles WSW of Pulo Myang. South Hump Island (10°11'N., 98°20'E.), of moderate ele-
8.86

Karachi Rock (10°37'N., 98°23'E.), which dries, lies 1.5

8.84 vation and grass covered, lies 5.5 miles ESE of Little Russell
miles SE of Pulo Myang Basa. A beacon, with a white ball top- Island. Helmet Island, also moderately high and tree covered,
mark, marks this danger. lies 7 miles ESE of the same island. Foul ground extends up to
Pulo Tuhan, the S island of the group, lies 2 miles S of Pulo
8.84 183m offshore around this latter island.
Myang Basa. The intervening channel has a least depth of St. Lukes Island (10°09'N., 98°12'E.) rises to a prominent
8.86

14.6m. A shoal ridge extends about 0.5 mile SW from Pulo Tu- summit 484m high and lies 2 miles W of North Phipps Island.
han. The 2-mile wide channel, between Little Russell Island and the
W end of St. Lukes Island, is clear of dangers in the fairway.
South Part of Forrest Strait—West Side Care should be taken to avoid a 9.8m rocky patch about 1.3
8.86

miles ENE of the NW extremity of St. Lukes Island.

8.85 Pulo Hayat (10°35'N., 98°14'E.) and Saucer Island South Phipps Island, 155m high, Barwell Island, and Horse-
8.86

lie close together about 2 miles SSW of Pulo Kugyi. Pulo Balu, shoe Island, lie between 2 and 4 miles SSW of Helmet Island
a high island, lies 1 mile farther SSW. A drying reef extends and close off the NE and E coasts of Hastings Island. A chan-
about 0.3 mile N from Pulo Hayat. nel, about 183m wide with a depth of 5.2m, leads between
Pulo Bada (10°30'N., 98°13'E.), 250m high near its S end,
8.85 South Phipps Island and Barwell Island.
lies 1 mile SSW of Pulo Balu. A shoal, with a least depth of Most of the islands mentioned above, with the exception of
8.86

7m, lies about 3.5 miles E of the NE point of Pulo Bada. South Hump Island and those forming Hastings Harbor, are
Pocock Island and five islets lie on an unexamined area
8.85 tree-covered. They usually have well-defined peaks, especially
which extends up to 4.5 miles S and SW from the S side of Pu- South Hump Island and the N summit of Hastings Island,
lo Bada. Foul ground extends S from S islet. which is 267m high.
Bowen Shoal (10°29'N., 98°15'E.), a sand and coral patch
8.85

which dries 0.6m, lies about 1 mile E of the SE end of Pulo Ba- East Side of Forrest Strait—South Part
da. A shoal ridge, with a least depth of 0.3m, lies between 1
and 2 miles N of Bowen Shoal. 8.87 Between Tutthabo Maw (10°37'N., 98°27'E.) and an
A chain of islands and islets lies between Pulo Bada and
8.85 unnamed point about 26 miles S, the E side of the strait is indented
Pine Tree Island, about 9.5 miles SSE. These include Potter Is- by a number of shallow creeks. Pulo Mah Puteh, 81m high, lies
land, Saddle Island, Naked Islet, Bare Islet, the Ninepins Is- close off the unnamed point.
lands, and Cat and Kitten Island; Northwest Hump Island lies 4 The Turrets Islands (10°31'N., 98°27'E.) lie close together
8.87

miles W of the latter island. These islands should be ap- about 6 miles S of Tutthabo Maw and about 2.5 miles offshore.
proached with caution, because of the irregular depths and Pulau Salangin, the middle and largest island of the group, is a
rocky bottom. bold, precipitous rock, 104m high. In clear weather it resem-
A reef, marked by several drying rocks, extends 1.3 miles N
8.85 bles a square block of marble. Pulo Beba lies close N and Pulo
from the N coast of Pine Tree Island. Prewang lies about 0.5 mile S of Pulau Salangin. A 4.9m shoal
Southeast Hump Island (10°16'N., 98°19'E.), 97m high,
8.85 lies almost 0.8 mile SSW of Pulo Prewang.
lies 4.5 miles SSE of Pine Tree Island. A dangerous rock, An islet, 17m high, lies about 1.8 miles SSE of Pulo Pre-
8.87

awash, lies 0.8 mile SSE of the summit of this island. wang.
The Five Islands (10°17'N., 98°22'E.), a small group of
8.85 Whaleback Rock (10°28'N., 98°27'E.), 0.9m high, lies about
8.87

rocky islets, extend about 1.5 miles N from a position 2 miles E 2.5 miles S of Pulo Prewang and 4 miles offshore.
of Southeast Hump Island. The N islet rises to a height of 49m Canister Island, 87m high, lies 8.5 miles S of Pulo Prewang
8.87

and is the most prominent. A rock that dries 1.5m lies almost and 4 miles offshore.
0.3 mile NW of the N islet. Between Pulo Mah Puteh and Victoria Point, the N entrance
8.87

point of the Pakchan River, about 14 miles SSE, the coast is front-
8.86 Russell Island (10°15'N., 98°15'E.), tree covered, lies ed by an extensive shoal bank as defined by the 6m curve. This
5 miles SSW of Pine Tree Island and has a well-defined sum- bank extends in a general SSW direction from Pulo Mah Puteh to
mit, 267m high. Two detached rocks lie 0.5 mile W and NW, a position about 11 miles W of Victoria Point. Numerous patches,
respectively, of the S end of Russell Island. with depths of 1.8m and less, lie on this bank.
Two Tree Island (10°16'N., 98°14'E.), grass covered and
8.86 Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor, in depths of 12.8 to
8.87

67m high, lies close N of the NW point of Russell Island. The 14.6m, E of Pulo Gaban (10°58'N., 98°13'E.) and SSW of
SW point of the island is reef fringed. High Island in the positions indicated on the chart.
Little Russell Island (10°13'N., 98°15'E.), tree covered and
8.86 Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 18.3m, off the NE side
8.87

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 285

of Pine Tree Island with the summit of that island bearing land.
231°, distant 0.6 mile. Care should be taken to avoid the reef Lord Loughborough Island (10°27'N., 97°55'E.) lies about
8.89

extending 1.3 miles N from the N coast of the island. 3.8 miles SW of Kyun Pila. The Paps, which rise to a height of
Anchorage can be taken on the E side of the strait between
8.87 439m, are the most prominent of several peaks on the island. The
High Island and the Turrets Islands, in depths of 9.1 to 11m, W coast of the island is bold, steep-to, and densely wooded.
soft mud. Loughborough Passage (10°30'N., 97°57'E.) lies between
8.89

Kyun Pila and Lord Loughborough Island. A rock, with a depth

Outer Islands and Banks West of Forrest Strait of 3.7m, lies in the middle of the passage about 1.5 miles SSW
of the W end of Kyun Pila. Pollock Reef, with a rock 15.2m high
8.88 North Twin Island (10°38'N., 97°42'E.), 137m high, near its SW end, and another rock 3.7m high near its NE end,
lies about 16 miles SW of Clara Island. The W side of North lies at the E and of the passage. An islet, 24m high, lies near the
Twin Island is bare to a height of 30m; its N and E sides are middle of the reef.
densely wooded. Vessels are advised not to use Loughborough Passage.
8.89

South Twin Island (10°28'N., 98°41'E.), 82m high, lies 9.3

8.88 Hayward Island (10°27'N., 97°57'E.), with sunken rocks
8.89

miles S of North Twin Island. Its W side is almost bare and its extending 0.5 mile NE from it, lies 0.5 mile NE of the E end of
summit consists of bare rock. The N and S sides of the island Lord Loughborough Island. Richards Island lies 0.8 mile SE of
are indented by open bays. Two rocks lie close off the NW the same point. Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 14.6 to
point of the island. A sunken rock lies close NE of the E end of 27.4m, between Richards Island and Lord Loughborough Is-
the island. land. An unnamed island, with several unexamined dangers S
A number of isolated shoals and banks have been reported to
8.88 of it, lies in the S entrance of this anchorage.
exist in the W approach to Investigator Channel (10°15'N., O’Connor Island, Saul Island, and Skinner Island lie close
8.89

97°56'E.), between the 185m curve and a position about 90 together between 1 and 2 miles NE of Richards Island. Off-ly-
miles WSW of Cavern Island. They have reported depths of 9.1 ing rocks are reported to lie in their vicinity. Vessels should
to 87.8m, but these depths have not been closely examined. keep closer to Richards Island in passing between that island
Heckford Bank (10°20'N., 97°10'E.), the NE bank, has a
8.88 and the above islands.
depth of 12.8m and lies about 48 miles W of Cavern Island.
Tide rips form SE as seen on the chart. A shoal, with a depth of 8.90 Investigator Channel (10°15'N., 97°56'E.) lies be-
14m, has been reported (2016) to lie 6.5 miles WNW of the tween McCarthy Island, Steward Island, and Cavern Island to
bank. Coral Bank, about 49 miles WSW of the same island, has the N and the St. Andrew’s Group to the S. The channel is
a least depth of 20m. about 6 miles wide and has depths in excess of 36.6m. Vessels
A 9.1m patch was reported to exist in position 10°03'N,
8.88 from the W bound for Hastings Harbor or the Pakchan River
97°03'E. Depths of less than 11m were reported to exist in po- use this channel.
sition 10°08'N, 96°48'E. Cavern Island (10°20'N., 98°00'E.), which lies about 5
8.90

Roe Bank (10°08'N., 96°38'E.), of sand and coral with a least

8.88 miles SE of Lord Loughborough Island, is the largest of several
depth of 11.6m, is about 0.4 mile wide between the 20m curves. islands which lie to SE of that island. McCarthy Island, 213m
A depth of 18.3m was reported to lie E of Roe Bank in position high, and Steward Island, 154m high, lie between the above is-
10°08'N, 96°50'E. A shoal, with a depth of 14m, lies about 8 lands. Prominent Rocks lie off the S ends of all three of these
miles S of Roe Bank. A lighted ODAS buoy has been estab- islands.
lished in position 9°32.5'N, 95°40.1'E. Quoin Island (10°21'N., 98°04'E.), 114m high, lies 4 miles
8.90

E of Cavern Island. High Rock, 20m high, lies close S of Quoin

Forrest Strait—Islands and Dangers West and Island.
Southwest The St. Andrew’s Group (10°10'N., 97°55'E.), on the S side
8.90

of Investigator Channel, consists of a number of densely-wood-

8.89 The Great Swinton Islands (10°34'N., 98°03'E.) lie ed islands and rocks.
about 15 miles ESE of North Twin Island. Numerous small is- Horsburgh Island (10°12'N., 97°53'E.), the W of the group,
8.90

lets lie between Wa-ale Kyun and the W end of Kyun Pila, lies 9.5 miles SW of Cavern Island and rises to a height of
about 18 miles SSW. Pulau Tika, 91.1m high, lies about 3 76m. Horsburgh Islet, 71m high, lies close SSE of Horsburgh
miles SSW of the S end of Wa-ale Kyun. Island. Boulder Rock, 7.6m high, lies 0.8 mile SW of the same
Brown Island (10°45'N., 98°03'E.), 30m high, and Pulau Ta-
8.89 island.
jam, 47m high, lie 2 and 5.8 miles SSW, respectively, of Pula Ti- The Cockburn Islands (10°12'N., 97°59'E.), four in num-
8.90

ka. An unnamed islet, with a sunken rock close W of it, lies 5.5 ber, lie 5 miles E of Horsburgh Island. The highest island rises
miles SW of Pulau Tajam. to an elevation of 163m. Mackay Island, 3.8 miles SE, and Ma-
Kyun Pila (10°34'N., 98°00'E.), the largest island of the
8.89 cleod Island lie 5.8 miles SSE of Horsburgh Island.
group, lies with its N point about 3 miles SE of the unnamed is- Parsons Island, 277m high, lies 3 miles E of the Cockburn Is-
8.90

land. A group of white rocks, 3m high, lie about 0.8 mile SSE of lands. Several islets and rocks lie close S and E of this island.
the E end of Kyun Pila. Parsons Rock, a compact group of pinnacles which dry about
Pulo Set (10°34'N., 98°06'E.), 207m high and the E of the
8.89 1.8m, lies 1.8 miles NNW of the N end of Parsons Island.
group, lies 3.5 miles E of Kyun Pila. A rocky islet, surrounded Mackenzie Island (10°04'N., 97°59'E.), MacIan Island, and
8.90

by sunken rocks, lies 1.5 miles SW of Pulo Set. A rocky islet, MacNab Island, lie between 3 and 6 miles S of the main body
surrounded by sunken rocks, lies 3.3 miles SSE of the same is- of the St. Andrew’s Group.

Pub. 173
286 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

St. Pauls Island (10°09'N., 98°09'E.), about 5.5 miles E of

8.90 shoal.
Parsons Island and close W of the N part of St. Lukes Island, James Patch (10°05'N., 98°19'E.), with a least depth of
8.92

has a prominent horn-shaped peak, 224m high. The channel 0.6m, lies on the N side of the entrance almost 1 mile ESE of
separating the two islands has a depth of 6.4m over the bar at the above point.
its N end. The W entrance lies between St. Lukes Island and Za Det
8.92

St. Pauls Island has been reported to be a good radar target

8.90 Gyi Island, but is not navigable except by small craft and boats.
up to 20 miles.
The W side of St. Pauls Island is foul. Several rocks and is-
8.90 8.93 St. Marks Islet (10°03'N., 98°13'E.), 175m high, lies
lets lie off this side and off the N side of the island. in a shallow bight in the SW part of the harbor.
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 7.3m, near the head of
8.90 Ryland Patch (10°04'N., 98°13'E.), a small coral rock that
8.93

a bay on the N side of the island. Protection is provided during dries 0.3m, lies about 1 mile N of St. Marks Islet.
the Southwest Monsoon. St. Johns Islet, 122m high, lies off the NE side of Hindustan
8.93

Bay, about 3 miles S of Bengal Point.

Za Det Gyi Island and Hastings Harbor The reefs which fringe the shores of the harbor are quite dis-
8.93

tinct and rise sharply from depths of 5.5 to 9.1m.

8.91 Za Det Gyi Island (Big Top Island) (9°58'N., Tides—Currents.—Between South Hump Island
8.93

98°13'E.) lies S of Za Det Nge Island (Small Top Island) and is (10°11'N., 98°20'E.) and Za Det Nge Island, the tidal current
hilly and densely wooded. Its N side forms the S shore of Hast- sets E on the flood and W on the ebb at a rate of 1.5 knots at
ings Harbor. Highest Peak, 864m high, lies near the middle of springs. The currents are weak within Hastings Harbor.
the island; South Peak, 585m high, lies near the S end of the is- Anchorage.—Hastings Harbor provides excellent protected
8.93

land; both peaks are well-defined. Middle Peak, 744m high and anchorage for all classes of vessels, in depths ranging from 11
prominent, lies between the above peaks. to 22m, mud. A lee is always obtainable and no sea or current
The N and NE coasts of the island are indented by a number
8.91 of any consequence is experienced. Anchorage can be any-
of foul coves. Fish Harbor, near the NE extremity, provides an- where according to draft, with very good holding ground.
chorage for small vessels with local knowledge and a draft of Caution.—Patches of discolored water frequently appear in
8.93

2.7m or less. White Rock, 9.1m high and prominent, lies 0.5 the harbor, but examination has proven that they do not indi-
mile E of the harbor entrance. A 4m shoal lies close SE of the cate dangers. The W entrance channel is often muddy, making
rock. it difficult to make out any dangers.
A rock, which dries 1.5m, lies about 1.3 miles SSW of the
8.91

NE end of the island. The Aladdin Islands to Birds Nest Rock

The SE coast of Za Det Gyi Island is densely wooded. Foul
8.91

ground extends up to 1 mile offshore in places. 8.94 The Aladdin Islands (9°43'N., 98°03'E.), a well-scat-
Tongue Island (9°55'N., 98°14'E.), 113m high, steep-to and
8.91 tered group of islands, some of which are high and bold, extend
densely wooded, lies 2.5 miles SE of Highest Peak. A bare about 15 miles W and 18 miles SSW of the S end of Za Det
grassy mound lies near its S end. Gyi Island.
South Bay, a bight in the S end of Za Det Gyi Island, pro-
8.91 Caution.—It has been reported (2011) an uncharted 5m
8.94

vides sheltered anchorage, in a depth of 18.3m, sand and shells. shoal lies in the vicinity of position 9°56.8'N, 97°51.8'E.
A 7.9m shoal lies in the E part of the entrance and on the E side Western Rocky Island (9°51'N., 97°52'E.), the westernmost
8.94

of the bay. of the group, is 21m high. A 10.7m rock lies close NE of this
island.
8.92 Hastings Harbor (10°06'N., 98°18'E.) is bordered by North Rocky Island (9°53'N., 97°58'E.), 15m high and
8.94

St. Lukes Island to the W, Za Det Nge Island to the E, and Za scrub-covered, lies 5.8 miles ENE of the above island and is
Det Gyi Island to the S. There are two navigable entrances. surrounded by off-lying rocks.
The N entrance lies between the NE end of St. Lukes Island
8.92 Davis Island (9°49'N., 98°02'E.), the largest and highest of
8.94

and the NW end of Za Det Nge Island about 2.3 miles SE. Hay- the group, lies 4 miles WSW of the S end of Za Det Gyi Island.
cock Island, 100m high and jungle-covered, lies 0.5 mile SE of This densely-wooded island has two main peaks each about
Bengal Point, the NE end of St. Lukes Island. The main chan- 454m high with the W peak being slightly higher. A rock, 5.5m
nel passes between Haycock Island and Minto Point, about 1.5 high and surrounded by a reef, lies close off the E end of Davis
miles SE. The main fairway has depths of 20.1 to 27.4m. Island.
Thomas Shoal, with a least depth of 2.1m, lies about in mid- Chimney Island (9°51'N., 98°03'E.), 43m high, lies 1.3
8.94

channel 0.6 mile NW of Minto Point. Elsewhere the channel is miles NNW of the NE end of Davis Island. Several rocks lie
clear of dangers. This shoal can be passed on either side, but between the two islands. The N rock dries 0.9m.
there is a submerged rock off Minto Point. Drake Island (9°46'N., 98°01'E.), 143m high, lies 0.8 mile S
8.94

The E entrance lies between Cornwallis Point, the S end of

8.92 of Davis Island. The channel between islands is deep.
Za Det Nge Island, and Dufferin Point, the N end of Za Det Glasshouse Island (9°45'N., 97°59'E.), 137m high, bold,
8.94

Gyi Island, about 1.3 miles SSW. This entrance has depths of and rocky, lies 1.8 miles WSW of Drake Island. A 52m high
11 to 18.3m in the fairway. rock lies close off the W end of Glasshouse Island.
Chaves Shoal (10°04'N., 98°17'E.), a detached patch with a
8.92 Slave Island (9°43'N., 98°00'E.), 64m high, lies 2 miles S of
8.94

least depth of 5.2m, lies on the S side of the entrance about 0.8 Glasshouse Island. A chain of rocks extends 1.5 miles NNE
mile SSW of Cornwallis Point. Depths of 12.8m surround this from Slave Island. Pat Rock, the S rock, is 38m high, and Shei-

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 287

la Rock, the N rock of the chain, is 61m high. A rocky reef, to a height of 76m. An islet, 76m high, lies close S of Cocks
about 0.6m high, lies 1 mile S of Slave Island. Comb Island.
Lamp Island (9°43'N., 98°01'E.), about 2.5 miles S of
8.94

Drake Island, is 97m high. Honor Rock, with a depth of 0.6m, Ko Chan (Koh Sindarar) and Adjacent Islands
lies about midway between the two islands. North Brother and
South Brother, two large rocks, 46 and 59m high, respectively, 8.96 Ko Chan (9°25'N., 97°52'E.), consisting of Koh
lie about 0.5 mile S of Lamp Island. Kai Koh, a rock which Sindarar Nua and Koh Sindarar Tal, lies about 10 miles SW of
dries 0.9m, lies 0.2 mile S of South Brother. Christie Island. A winding channel, which nearly dries, sepa-
Haycock Rock (9°41'N., 97°55'E.), high and steep-to, lies
8.94 rates the two islands. From a distance, both islands appear as
5.5 miles WSW of Slave Island. one high and densely wooded island. A high prominent summit
Christie Island (9°38'N., 97°58'E.), the furthest S of the
8.94 lies near the N end of the S island and rises to a height of
main Aladdin Islands, lies 4 miles SE of Haycock Rock and 366m.
has several wooded peaks. The highest peak rises to an eleva- Torilla Island (9°22'N., 97°52'E.), 117m high, lies off the S
8.96

tion of 325m at the NW end of the island. side of the S island. Pachumba Island, 163m high, lies off the
Sanders Island (9°37'N., 97°59'E.), 106.7m high, lies 0.8
8.94 W side of the same island. Stork Island, 97m high, lies about
mile E of the S end of Christie Island. Murray Island, 71m 1.8 miles NE of the N island.
high, lies 0.5 mile SSW of the same point. Both islands are A rocky islet, 13m high, lies about 1 mile NE of the SE end
8.96

rocky. A rock, 5.5m high, lies close off the N point of Murray of the S island. Some 0.6m rocks lie close W of the islet. The
Island. The passage between this island and Christie Island is group is separated from the S island by a 0.5 mile wide deep
foul. channel.
A rocky islet, 14m high and steep-to, lies 0.8 mile NW of the
8.96

8.95 Cash Island (9°49'N., 98°07'E.), 113m high, lies 0.8 N end of the N island. A 9.1m islet lies about the same distance
mile S of the SW end of Za Det Gyi Island. Mawken Passage, N of the same point.
the channel between the two islands, has considerable depths A 14.6m bank was reported to lie about 1 mile N of Pachum-
8.96

and provides a short cut for vessels proceeding W from the Pa- ba Island.
kchan River. Rocks lie in the passage within 0.3 mile of the Marshall Rock (9°23'N., 97°49'E.), a pinnacle with a depth
8.96

SW end of Za Det Gyi Island. The S rock is 6.1m high. A of 4.5m surrounded by depths of 36.6m, lies about 2.8 miles W
rocky islet, 36m high, lies 0.3 mile E of Cash Island; a similar of the S point of the S island.
islet, 43m high, lies about 0.5 mile S of Cash Island. There are Richelieu Rock (9°21'N., 98°02'E.), a small, coral pinnacle
8.96

strong rips in the passage at springs. The passage should only which dries 1.2m, lies about 10 miles E of Torilla Island. The
be used during daylight hours and then only under favorable drying part of the rock is about 9.1m wide. The sea does not al-
conditions. ways break over this danger at HW, even with a considerable
Dunkin Island (9°47'N., 98°07'E.) rises to a height of 238m
8.95 swell.
near its N end. The Sisters, two small rocks of almost equal A depth of 40.2m, rock, was reported to lie about 6 miles
8.96

height, lie 0.5 mile S of Dunkin Island. Bruer Island, 292m WSW of Richelieu Rock.
high and densely wooded near its SE end, lies 3 miles S of the Anchorage can be taken in the bay formed by the E sides of
8.96

same island. A rock, having a depth of less than 1.8m, the posi- the two islands, well protected from W winds.
tion of which is approximate, lies about 1 mile SSW of the S
end of Bruer Island. Pulo Mah Puteh to Casuarina Point—The Pak-
Auriol Island, densely wooded and 183m high at its W end,
8.95
chan River and Approaches
lies about 2.5 miles S of Bruer Island. A low rock lies close off
the NW side of Auriol Island. Swallow Island, about 0.5 mile 8.97 Victoria Point (9°58'N., 98°33'E.), the N point of the
N of Auriol Island, rises to a height of 88m. The intervening entrance of the Pakchan River, forms the S end of a range of
channel is shoal. hills. The point is high, bold, and steep-to. An iron flagstaff,
Graham Island (9°39'N., 98°02'E.), 164m high, lies 2 miles
8.95 23m high and with an elevation of 57m, lies on the point. Two
W of Auriol Island. Two prominent high rocks lie close N of radio masts, with elevations of 117m, stand near the coast
the N end of Graham Island. Ninepin Rock, 24m high, lies about 0.9 mile N of the flagstaff. A triangular wooden daymark
about 0.5 mile SSE of the S end of Graham Island. is secured to the NW radio mast.
A 5.5m shoal, the position of which is doubtful, lies about
8.95 The land N of Victoria Point is very hilly and partly cleared.
8.97

5.5 miles SE of Auriol Island. The summits of the hills in the vicinity are flat-topped and not
Birds Nest Rocks (9°47'N., 98°11'E.) consist of two groups
8.95 easily identified.
of rocks which lie within 5 miles SSE and 4.5 miles E of the The coast between Victoria Point and Pulo Mah Puteh, about
8.97

SE end of Za Det Gyi Island. The principal rocks in the N 14 miles NNW, is mostly low and bordered in places by man-
group are Horse Shoe Island, 119m high, Cupola Island, 212m groves. Tanjong Padah, a bluff headland lies about 7.5 miles N
high, Tower Rock, 143m high, and Square Rock, 82m high, of Victoria Point and a similar headland, lies about 5 miles N
and Sloap Rock, 88m high. The latter rock is the furthest N of of the same point.
this group. The Pakchan River rises in about position 10°50'N, 99°00'E.
8.97

The principal rocks in the S group are Spur Rock, 149m

8.95 and is about 80 miles long; it forms the boundary between Bur-
high, about 2.3 miles SW of Horse Shoe Island, and Cocks ma and Thailand. Both of its banks are densely wooded and
Comb Island, about 0.5 mile farther SW. This latter island rises numerous streams discharge into it. Access is provided to the

Pub. 173
288 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

river outlets of many of the tin mines in the S part of Burma NW and 12 miles W of Victoria Point.
and the N part of Thailand. Sims Reef (10°02'N., 98°29'E.), which dries 2.7m, lies about
8.98

The coast S of the river entrance, between Seaward Peak and

8.97 5.3 miles NW of Victoria Point. A beacon with a ball topmark
Casuarina Point, about 38 miles SSW, is generally low, densely marks this danger.
wooded, and intersected by numerous creeks and rivers. Sea- Thane Island (10°02'N., 98°30'E.), small and 30m high, lies
8.98

ward Peak (9°49'N., 98°32'E.) rises to a prominent summit about 0.3 mile E of Sims Reef. A small drying reef lies close S
401m high, about 9 miles S of Victoria Point. Double Peak, of the island.
945m high and prominent when visible, lies 6 miles ESE of Pulo Tonton (10°01'N., 98°30'E.), 123m high and partially
8.98

Seaward Peak. cleared, lies 4 miles NW of Victoria Point. Some villages lie on
A range of mountains backs this section of coast about 10
8.97 its E and W coasts. A drying bank extends E to the mainland
miles inland. Round Mountain (9°41'N., 98°37'E.) rises to a and SE almost to Victoria Point.
conspicuous 970m high peak, about 9.3 miles SSE of Seaward Pulo Besin (9°59'N., 98°29'E.), 106m high, lies about 1 mile
8.98

Peak. This mountain has a very distinct conical summit, with a SSW of the S end of Pulo Tonton. Several drying reefs lie close
peak of almost perpendicular appearance. Kao Phrami off the E side of Pulo Besin. A beacon, with a globe topmark,
(9°18'N., 98°28'E.), about 5.8 miles ENE of Casuarina Point, is stands on one of these reefs. A 4m patch lies N of the NE end
topped by three peaks each about 1,097m high. of the island.
The coast between the S entrance of the Pakchan River and
8.97 Akha Barit, 65m high and steep-to, lies about 0.5 mile N of
8.98

the mouth of the Banlin River, about 9.5 miles SSW, is fronted the above point.
by mangroves and bordered by extensive banks of sand and Pulo Jungis (10°00'N., 98°29'E.),183m high, lies 0.4 mile N
8.98

mud. of Pulo Besin. The narrow channel between the islands dries.
Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents near the coast, S of Pu-
8.97 A shoal, with depths of less than 1.8m, lies between 2 and 5
8.98

lo Mah Puteh, set S on the rising tide and N on the falling tide. In miles WNW of Pulo Jungis.
the N approach channel, the tidal currents set in a direction par- Pulo Perlin (9°58'N., 98°30'E.) 137m high, lies about 0.4
8.98

allel with the channel at a rate of 2 knots at springs. mile S of the SE end of Pulo Besin. Two small drying reefs lie
Between Ko Chan and Koh Chang, the tidal currents set NE
8.97 within 1 mile S of Pulo Perlin. A white beacon marks the N
on the rising tide and SW during the falling tide. The rate is 0.8 reef of the two. A light shows from the SE point of Pulau Per-
knot at springs. Between the latter island and the mainland, the lin.
tidal currents set N on the rising tide and S on the falling tide. A drying reef lies at the E end of a shoal about 0.9 mile S of
8.98

In the S approach channel, the tidal currents set parallel with

8.97 Pulo Perlin. The shoal extends about 4 miles to the WSW. A
the channel, toward the Pakchan River entrance on the rising rock, with a depth of 0.6m, lies in the middle of the shoal.
tide and in the opposite direction on the falling tide. Strong rips A white beacon stands close off the SE side of Pulo Perlin.
8.98

are found between the N end of Koh Chang and Ko Kan. Both
the flood and ebb currents set strongly towards Ko Kan. The The Pakchan River—Islands and Dangers in the
flood current sets E past the N coast of Pulo Ru, and then turns South Approach
NE towards the entrance of the river. The ebb current from the
Pakchan River divides at the NE point of Pulo Ru, one part set- 8.99 Shoal ground, as defined by the 6m curve, extends up
ting W and the other setting S. Tide rips are found in the chan- to 6 miles offshore between a 183m high headland about 10.5
nel N of Pulo Ru. miles NNE of Casuarina Point, and a point about 15 miles
Depths—Limitations.—The 11m curve lies about 2.5 miles
8.97 NNE. A tongue of this shoal extends as far as the E side of Ko
W of Pulo Mah Puteh and up to 12.5 miles W and WSW of Kam Yai.
Victoria Point. Farther S, this curve is not clearly defined off Ko Nui, a small islet 60m high, lies about 0.5 mile W of the
8.99

Casuarina Point. above headland. Shoal ground extends about 4 miles WSW.
The least depths in the N, W, and S approach channels to the
8.97 Ko Kam Yai (9°29'N., 98°21'E.), 314m high, lies about 13
8.99

Pakchan River entrance are 3.4m, 5.8m, and 7.3m, respective- miles N of Casuarina Point. Shoal ground, as defined by the
ly. The depths at the anchorage in Victoria Point Harbor, close 11m curve, extends about 2 miles off the W side of the island.
N of that point, are 12.8 to 14.6m. Depths of about 4.6m exist An extensive sandbank lies about 0.5 mile E of the S end of the
off the entrance of Ranong Creek at the recommended anchor- island. Ko Kam Tok, 105m high, lies close N of Ko Kam Yai.
age. Ko Kam Nui, 288m high, lies 1 mile E of the same island. The
Vessels, with a draft of 3.7 to 4m, can proceed about 14
8.97 depths between the islands are very irregular and no attempt
miles upriver to the entrance of the Klong Maliwun River and should be made to pass between them.
then 3 miles up that river. Double Islet (9°27'N., 98°20'E.), located about 1 mile S of
8.99

Ko Kam Yai, rises to two peaks joined by a low, narrow strip of

The Pakchan River—Islands and Dangers in the sand. The N peak is 83m high and the S peak is 44.5m high. A
North Approach rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about 0.2 mile NE of
the N peak. South Rock, 12m high, lies 0.5 mile SW of Double
8.98 Several islands lie on the extensive bank which fronts Islet.
the coast between Pulo Mah Puteh and Victoria Point. Metcalfe Island (9°26'N., 98°21'E.), 22m high and wooded,
8.99

Pulo Remiah (10°05'N., 98°30'E.), the furthest north of

8.98 lies miles SSE of Ko Kam Yai. A sandy spit extends about 1.3
these islands, is 18.3m high and lies 0.8 mile S of Tanjong Pa- miles ENE from Metcalfe Island.
deh. A group of islands, islets, and reefs lie between 10 miles Hayes Island (9°20'N., 98°20'E.), circular in shape, high,
8.99

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 289

and wooded, lies 6 miles SSW of Metcalfe Island. the 5.5m curve, fronts the W side of Pulo Ru and extends 4.5
Umbrella Island (9°20'N., 98°19'E.), located about 0.8 mile
8.99 miles W from it. The inner part of this shoal dries.
NW of Hayes Island, is rocky and shows up well when not in Narrow channels separate the above islands.
8.100

range with the latter island. A high umbrella-shaped tree lies Round Island (9°55'N., 98°33'E.), 88m high and steep-to,
8.100

on the island. These islands are surrounded by large sand banks lies 0.8 mile SE of the S end of Pulo Ru. The intervening chan-
and rocks which are marked by breakers at LW. nel is fairly deep.
Koh Chong Pianam (9°34'N., 98°23'E.), about 4 miles
8.99 A shoal, with a least depth of 3.4m, lies on the S side of the
8.100

NNE of Ko Kam Yai, is 157m high and wooded. The E side of entrance channel between the NE extremity of Pulo Ru and the
the island is fringed by rocks which extend up to 183m off- S side of the river entrance.
shore.
Hin Sawai, 6.4m high and topped by a white summit, lies 0.5
8.99
The Pakchan River Entrance—Approach Chan-
mile N of Koh Chong Pianam. nels
Koh Piam (9°44'N., 98°25'E.), densely wooded and topped
8.99

by a prominent peak, lies about 15 miles SW of Victoria Point. 8.101 There are three approach channels leading to the Pak-
The reef-fringed W side of the island is indented by two open chan River entrance. The N channel leads between the shoal
bays. A rocky islet 15.2m high, lies about 0.3 mile off the SW ground extending N from Pulo Jungis and Pulo Remiah. The
point of Koh Piam. A drying rock lies about 0.5 mile SW of the least depth of 3.4m found in this channel lies SW of Pulo Remi-
island. Extensive sandbanks lie between the island and the ah. The channel leads between Sims Reef and Thane Island and
mainland. then between Akha Barit and the NE end of Pulo Besin.
Koh Chang (9°50'N., 98°27'E.), densely wooded and 390m
8.99 The W channel leads between Pulo Perlin and the reef lying
8.101

high, lies 2 miles NNE of Koh Piam. Some wooded islets lie about 0.8 mile S of that island. The least depth of 5.8m to be
off the S end of Koh Chang. Large sand banks lie between the found in this channel lies 4.5 miles WSW of the SW end of Pu-
island and the mainland. lo Besin.
A sand bank, having depths of less than 5.5m, extends 1.3
8.99 Bell Passage, the S channel, leads between Koh Kan and the
8.101

miles SW from the SW side of Koh Chang toward the N end of N end of Koh Chang and then E between the N coast of the lat-
Koh Piam. Depths of 7.9 to 11m lie between this bank and the ter island and the shoals extending S from Pulo Pingngwe. The
N end of Koh Piam. A 3.7m patch lies about 0.3 mile E of the channel then leads SE of the drying bank that extends SE from
N point of the latter island. the latter island and then SE of Round Island. The least depth
Harry Head (9°52'N., 98°27'E.), the N end of Koh Chang, is
8.99 of 7.3m found in this channel lies about 0.8 mile SW of Koh
a high tree-covered bluff. Tree Island, 13.7m high and wooded, Kan.
lies 1.5 miles SW of Harry Head. A 0.6m high rock lies close off The Pakchan River entrance lies between Victoria Point and
8.101

the W coast of Koh Chang about 1 miles S of Tree Island. the entrance of Ranong Creek, about 2.5 miles to the ESE. The
Ko Khan (9°52'N., 98°26'E.), a rocky islet lying about 0.5
8.99 small Victoria Point Harbor, with the village of Kawsong at its
mile NW of Harry Head, is steep-to on its E and S sides. The head, lies on the E side of the point, between it and Browning
light structure on the islet is not easily distinguished by day be- Island, about 0.3 mile to the E.
cause of the trees which obscure all but the top. Koh Phi, a small islet, lies on the E side of the Pakchan River
8.101

Several shoal patches, having a least depth of 0.9m, extend

8.99 entrance, about 2.3 miles ESE of Victoria Point. A sand bank,
up to 2.5 miles WSW from Ko Khan. with depths of 0.9 to 3.4m, extends about 0.3 mile SSW from
the islet.
The Pakchan River—Islands and Shoals Shoal ground, as defined by the 6m curve, extends about 0.2
8.101

mile WSW from the S end of Browning Island. Depths of 4 to

8.100 A group of islands and islets, surrounded by shoals 5.5m exist between the outer edge of this bank and Victoria
and foul ground, lie between Koh Kan and Victoria Point. Point.
Pulo Pingngwe (9°54'N., 98°29'E.), 184m high lies 1.8
8.100 Anchorage.—Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a
8.101

miles NE of Koh Kan. A large drying shoal extends up to 1 depth of 10m, sand and mud, off a sandy beach in the bay that
mile ESE from the island. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.5m, indents the SW coast of Koh Piam.
lies 0.6 mile S of the S end of the island. Other shoal patches Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in depths of 9.1 to
8.101

lie W of the island. 11m, off the NE side of Koh Piam. Protection is provided
Pulo Saung Kharang (9°55'N., 98°31'E.), 132m high, lies 2
8.100 during the Southwest Monsoon.
miles ENE of Pulo Pingngwe. Foul ground extends about 0.8 Sheltered anchorage can be taken in the N approach channel
8.101

mile W from Pulo Saugn Kharang. between Pulo Jungis and Pulo Tonton.
Dyke Island lies 0.5 mile S of Pulo Saung Kharang.
8.100 Vessels with local knowledge can anchor in the S approach
8.101

Pulo Ganga (9°56'N., 98°29'E.), 123m high, lies 1.5 miles N

8.100 channel S of Pulo Pingngwe. Light-draft vessels can anchor E
of Pulo Pingngwe, with Pulo Gattai about 2 miles E of it. A of Pulo Ru.
narrow drying spit lies between Pulo Ganga and Pulo Gattai Small vessels with local knowledge frequently anchor, in a
8.101

and almost joins the two. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m, depth of 4.6m, off the entrance of Ranong Creek, about 0.3
extends about 2.3 miles W from Pulo Ganga. mile S of Koh Phi.
Pulo Ru (9°57'N., 98°32'E.), 186m high near its NW end,
8.100 Vessels can anchor 0.5 mile S of Victoria Point, in depths of
8.101

lies with its S end about 0.3 mile E of Pulo Gattai and its NE 9.1 to 18.3m.
point about 1 mile S of Victoria Point. A shoal, as defined by Vessels can anchor, in 12.8 to 14.6m, in Victoria Point Har-
8.101

Pub. 173
290 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

bor. The anchorage area is about 0.3 mile long and 137m wide cated about 1 mile NE of Round Island. When the NE end of
and lies E of the pier. Vessels using this anchorage pass over a Pulo Ru has been passed, steer for the anchorage which lies
shoal, having depths of 4 to 5.5m, that lies across the harbor about 0.5 mile S of Victoria Point.
entrance. Caution.—Caution is required because of the lack of navi-
8.101

Directions.—Directions for each channel are, as follows:

8.101 gational aids.
1. North Approach Channel.—From a position 4 miles
W of Pulo Mah Puteh, steer toward Thane Islet on a course 8.102 Victoria Point Harbor (Kawsong Harbor) (9°59'N.,
of 149°. Double Peak, in line with the E tangent of Thane Is- 98°33'E.) (World Port Index No. 49700), the S settlement of
let, makes an excellent mark for this course. Double Peak is Burma, consists of a small government station and a native vil-
seldom visible before noon. lage. A police station lies on the summit of the hill forming
When the beacon marking Sims Reef bears 185°, alter Victoria Point; some government buildings lie on a ridge to the
course to 172° so as to pass between that reef and Thane Is- N. Ocean-going vessels work cargo from lighters at the anchor-
let. When the N point of Akha Barit bears 090°, alter course ages.
to 148° to avoid the 4m patch which lies SW of Akha Barit Ranong, a village which lies about 2 miles above the en-
8.102

and the reefs off the E coast of Pulo Besin. Vessels can pass trance of Ranong Creek, is the site of a Thailand Government
close off the steep-to SW coast of Akha Barit. Station. Several tin mines are situated in this area.
When the SE and SW points of Pulo Besin are in line bear- The customhouse stands at the inner end of a 137.2m pier
8.102

ing 261°, alter course to 128°. Maintain this course until Koh which extends from the shore on the W side of Victoria Point
Phi Light bears 095°, and then steer that course which leads Harbor.
through the river entrance. When Victoria Point bears 045°, A pontoon jetty, with reported depths of 5.5 to 6.1m along-
8.102

course may be altered for the selected anchorage. side, extends from the shore of the harbor.
Vessels bound for the anchorage off Koh Phi should, after Above Victoria Point, the Pakchan River extends in a general
8.102

passing Victoria Point, approach that island from a more N NNE direction. During the Southwest Monsoon, or rainy season,
direction in order to avoid the 3.4m shoal in mid-channel, SE small power vessels can reach the Thailand town of Kraburi,
of Victoria Point. about 28 miles above Victoria Point where the river is about
2. West Approach Channel.—From a position about 9 76.2m wide; above Kraburi the river becomes tortuous.
miles W of Pulo Ganga, steer 090° for that island until the Glong Maliwun flows into the Pakchan River, on the Bur-
8.102

SE end of Pulo Besin bears 061°. Then steer 061° until the mese side, about 14 miles above Victoria Point. The river is
SE end of Pulo Perlin bears 090°. A least depth of 5.8m ex- available to vessels, with a draft of 3.7 to 4m, for about 3 miles
ists about 2 miles along this latter course. above the entrance. Higher up, the river becomes narrow and
When the SE point of Pulo Perlin bears 090°, steer 095° winding, but it can be navigated by power launches as far as
for Koh Phi Light which leads between Pulo Perlin and the Maliwun, a small settlement, about 5 miles farther upriver.
beacon marking the reef S of it. The SE point of this island Khlong Bangben (9°39'N., 98°29'E.), an extensive shallow
8.102

can be passed at a distance of 183m. Continue on course inlet, is entered about 7 miles SE of the S end of Koh Piam.
095° and then proceed as directed for the North Approach The 2m curve lies over 1 mile offshore, S and W of the N en-
Channel. trance point. The channel, which lies on the S side of the en-
3. South Approach Channel.—From a position about trance, has depths of 1.8 to 3.7m.
4.3 miles W of Kho Piam, steer 048° for the summit of Pulo Shong Pianam (9°34'N., 98°28'E.), or the “Entrance of the
8.102

Pingngwe which leads between the N end of Koh Chang and Three Big Rivers,” an extensive inlet, is entered between Koh
Koh Kan after passing Tree Island at a distance of 0.4 mile Pianam and Laem Tashin, about 0.8 mile S. Koh Pianam,
abeam. A least depth of 7.3m is found 4.5 mile SW of Koh wooded and 228m high, lies about 9 miles SSE of the S end of
Kan. Kho Piam. Laem Tashin, a high wooded point, lies about 0.4
Vessels approaching this channel from the N should keep mile SE of its extremity.
W of the shoals in the approach until the summit of Koh The outer edge of a bar, which has depths of 1.8 to 3.7m, lies
8.102

Chang bears 120°. Then bring the summit of Pulo Pingngwe 3.5 miles W of the entrance. The bottom is sand and mud.
to bear 048° and proceed as directed above. Within the bar the depths in the entrance range from 18.3 to
8.102

When the N tangent of Koh Kan bears 270° and is in range 29.3m.
with South Peak on Za Det Gyi Island, steer 090°, keeping The tidal currents attain a rate of 2 to 3 knots at springs in the
8.102

that range astern. narrow part of the entrance. In the offing and over the bar, the
When the summit of Pulo Pingngwe bears 335°, alter rate is much less. The N current on the flood is stronger than
course gradually to 045° and steer for Koh Phi Light on that the S current on the ebb.
bearing. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in depths of
8.102

Vessels bound for the anchorage off Koh Phi should main- 9.1 to 16.5m, mud, about 0.5 mile inside the entrance.
tain a course of 045° and anchor as convenient. The least Directions.—From a position about 0.5 mile N of Hin
8.102

depth on this track is 9.1m, but a shoal with a depth of 4.6m Sawai, a vessel should steer 089° for a 91m hill on the N end of
lies in mid-channel about 1.8 miles SW of Kho Phi Light. Koh Pianam. When the summit of Laem Tashin (9°33'N.,
Vessels bound for the anchorage off Victoria Point should 98°28'E.) bears 132°, course should be altered to that bearing.
continue on the 045° course until the summit of Round Is- When the 212m conical hill at the head of the inlet bears 095°,
land bears 270°. Then alter course to the N and steer 013° for it should be steered for on that bearing which leads through the
Browning Island. The least depth on this track, 7.3m, is lo- entrance to the anchorage.

Pub. 173
 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast 291

Casuarina Point to Laem Pak Phra Middle Island, Perforated Island, and Similan Is-
land
8.103 Casuarina Point (9°14'N., 98°21'E.), the E entrance
point of Pak Kura, is low and densely wooded. Takuapa, the W 8.104 Middle Island (Koh Tasai) (9°04'N., 97°50'E.),
entrance point of Pak Kura, forms the N point of Koh Rah, a densely wooded and 226m high at its S end, lies about 18 miles
high densely-wooded island. This island, which is steep-to on S of Koh Sindarar Tai. A 91m high peak lies near the N end of
its W side, is high in its N part and 344m high in its S part. the island, with another peak, slightly lower, between it and the
Takuapa Inlet is the estuary of a large river which discharges
8.103 226m peak. The island is steep-to on all except its E side,
through four channels which intersect the W coast of Thailand where depths of 7m are found about 0.3 off a sandy beach
between the parallels of 9°15'N and 8°52'N. about 0.5 mile from the N point of the island.
Laem Krangnoi, a low sandy point, lies 3.5 miles S of the S
8.103 A rocky shoal, with a depth of 4.2m, lies 0.4 mile S of the is-
8.104

entrance point of Takuapa Inlet. Laem Krangyai, about 4.5 land.

miles SSW of Laem Krangnor, is low, sandy, and backed by Middle Island has been reported to be a good radar target up
8.104

tall trees. to 11 miles.

From Laem Krangyai, the coast extends S for about 7 miles
8.103 Perforated Island (Koh Born) (8°51'N., 97°48'E.), wooded
8.104

to Laem Lachan, a wooded bluff, 93m high. This stretch of and topped by two distinct peaks, lies 14 miles S of Middle Is-
coast is low in the N part and backed by high hills. These hills land. The E peak is the highest. The island derives its name
gradually approach the coast, reaching it at Laem Lacham and from a hole near the water’s edge in the dips between the two
then receding inland S of this point. peaks. The island is steep-to, except N of its W end, where a
Laem Ao Kham, about 2 miles SSW of Laem Lachan, forms
8.103 depth of 6.4m is found about 0.2 mile offshore.
the W entrance point of a common estuary of several rivers. A The Similan Islands (8°35'N., 97°39'E.), a group of six is-
8.104

hill, 84m high, lies on the point which is the N extremity of a lands, extend about 12 miles S from Ko Bangu, the N island,
bold peninsula. Kao Tamchok, a hill which lies about 2 miles S which lies 12.5 miles SW of Perforated Island. Ko Bangu is
of the point, is 166m high. Laem Tamchok, about 0.2 mile SW 96m high and wooded. Several large prominent boulders lie
of the hill, forms the W extremity of the peninsula. This penin- close off its SE end; a drying rock lies N of its W end. The re-
sula is isolated from and considerably W of any other high land mainder of the island is steep-to.
in this vicinity. It is the only readily-identifiable land between The Similan Islands have been reported to be good radar tar-
8.104

Koh Ra and Ko Phuket. gets up to 19 miles.

Between Laem Tamchok and Laem Pak Phra, about 22 miles
8.103 Great Sayer Island (Ko Similan) (8°39'N., 97°39'E.),
8.104

SSE, the coast consists of sandy beaches backed by high wood- wooded and flat-topped, is separated from Ko Bangu by a
ed hills. Trees grow down to the water’s edge in places. The channel about 0.3 mile wide, with a depth of about 25.6m. The
latter point forms the N entrance of Chong Pak Phra, the strait island is 261m high in its N part. Two well-defined peaks, 157
which separates Ko Phuket from the mainland. and 164m high, lie near the S end of the island. A small cove,
Laem Pak Phra is marked by a group of tall trees. A 61m
8.103 with a depth of 9.1m, indents the NW end of the island. Some
high hill lies just within the point. Koh Pilai, a small hill near small sandy coves indent the E side of the island.
the coast about 2.5 miles N of the point, is the only coastal hill Survey vessels engaged in offshore exploration may be en-
8.104

between Laem Tamchok and Laem Sai, about 7.5 miles S of countered S and W of the Similan Islands, usually in depths
Laem Pak Phra. Ko Pilai is hard to identify. greater than 200m and up to 80 miles from the Thai mainland.
Tides—Currents.—During the Northeast Monsoon, the
8.103 Hin Pusar (8°37'N., 97°39'E.), a group of three above-water
8.104

current off the coast between Koh Ra and Laem Tamchok sets detached rocks, lies about 0.5 mile SW of the SW end of Great
either N or S. It sets in one direction for a considerable period Sayer Island. A rock, with a depth of 15.5m, lies about 0.2 mile
and then without any apparent reason, changes its direction. S of Hin Pusar.
The direction does not seem to be related to the wind, as the
8.103

current often sets N during and after periods of moderate N 8.105 The Center Islands (8°35'N., 97°38'E.) lie between 2
winds. and 4 miles S of Great Sayer Island. Ko Pabu, the N island, is
Even when opposed by the tidal current, this offshore current
8.103 119m high, conical, wooded, and steep-to, except on its NE
maintains its direction. When the current and tidal current are side, which is fringed by depths of 3.7m. Ko Miang, the S is-
confluent, the resultant current may attain a rate of nearly 2 land, is 128m high, flat-topped, and wooded. A drying rock lies
knots; when in opposition, the rate is usually not more than 1 close off the N end of the island. A small sandy cove, with a
knot. depth of 7.3m, indents the NE side of the island.
Depths—Limitations.—The 40m curve lies about 15.5
8.103 Two islets lie on a reef about 0.2 mile off the NE end of Ko
8.105

miles W of Casuarina Point and about 5 miles W of Laem Miang. The intervening channel has a depth of 11.3m. The W
Tamchok. The inlets and estuaries that intersect the coast N of islet is 48m high and wooded. The E islet is 20m high and
the latter point are shoal. The coast between Laem Tamchok rocky.
and Chong Pak Phra is fairly steep-to, with the 20m curve lying Ko Payan (8°31'N., 97°39'E.), a small steep-to bare conical
8.105

up to 2 miles offshore. rock 42m high, lies 3 miles SSE of Ko Miang. Scrub covers the
summit of the rock.
Ko Payan has been reported to be a good radar target up to
8.105

12 miles.
Hin Payan (8°30'N., 97°40'E.), a group of steep-to rocks,
8.105

Pub. 173
292 Sector 8. Burma—South and West Coasts and Thailand—West Coast

some drying and others above-water, lie about 0.6 mile ESE of Pak Ko to Laem Pak Phra
Ko Payan. A detached drying rock lies about 0.2 mile ESE of
the main group. 8.107 Laem Krangnoi (8°50'N., 98°15'E.) is a low, sandy
Ko Payang (8°30'N., 97°38'E.), 126m high and wooded, lies
8.105 point about 3.5 miles S of Pak Ko. A drying reef extends about
1 mile SW of Ko Payan. The intervening channel has depths of 0.8 mile W from the point.
7.3 to 11m. Laem Krangyai (8°44'N., 98°14'E.), about 4.5 miles SSW
8.107

Ko Huyong (South Island) (8°29'N., 97°39'E.), wooded and

8.105 of Laem Krangnoi and backed by high trees, is another low,
topped by two rounded peaks, lies 0.5 mile S of Ko Payang. sandy point. A drying coral reef surrounds the point and ex-
The island is steep-to except on its NE side, which is reef- tends about 0.8 mile N and S, and 2 miles W from it.
fringed. Klong Kokak (8°41'N., 98°15'E.), small river, intersects the
8.107

Ko Huyong has been reported to be a good radar target up to

8.105 coast about 3.8 miles SSE of Laem Krangyai. A village with
25 miles. some tin mines in the vicinity is so close within the entrance
that the lights in the village are sometimes visible from sea-
Takua Pa Inlet and Approaches ward.
Krung Nork, a detached drying reef, lies about 1 mile off the
8.107

8.106 Takua Pa Inlet (9°02'N., 98°18'E.) is the estuary of a entrance of the Klong Kokak. The coast close inshore between
large river which flows into the sea through four channels be- this reef and Laem Lachan, about 3 miles to the S, is foul.
tween the parallels of 9°15'N and 8°52'N. Ao Kaulak (8°36'N., 98°15'E.), an open bay, indents the
8.107

No recent surveys have been made of Takua Pa and its ap-

8.106 coast between Laem Lachan and a point about 3 miles to the S.
proaches. Entry should only be attempted by small vessels hav- Laem Ao Kham forms the S entrance point of this bay. A reef,
ing local knowledge. which dries in places, extends about 0.5 mile W from a sandy
Pak Kura (9°16'N., 98°20'E.), the N entrance of the inlet,
8.106 point about 1 mile SSE of Laem Lachan and divides the bay in-
lies between the NE end of Koh Ra and Casuarina Point, about to two parts. A rock, 3.7m high, lies near the outer part of this
2 miles SE. Depths of 11 to 3.7m are found in the channel, with reef. Foul ground extends 1 mile offshore in the bight N of the
the greater depths being found on the W side. This narrow in- reef and 0.8 mile offshore S of the reef.
tricate steep-to channel is the only safe entrance during the
Southwest Monsoon. 8.108 Klong Bagatae (8°35'N., 98°14'E.) flows into the S
Pak Chik (9°09'N., 98°16'E.), the entrance between the S
8.106 part of Ao Kaulak and serves as the common estuary of several
end of Koh Ra and the N end of Ko Phra Thong, is foul and can small rivers. Laem Ao Kham is the N extremity of the peninsu-
only be used by small craft with local knowledge. la which forms the W side of the estuary. The entrance is about
Pak Kruen (9°01'N., 98°15'E.) is entered between the S end
8.106 0.5 mile wide, but narrows to a width of 0.2 mile between the
of Ko Phra Thong and the N end of an unnamed island about 1 6m curve.
mile to the S. Extensive sandbanks, parts of which dry, extend Ban Tablamu Light is shown from a white three-legged
8.108

about 1 to 2 miles seaward of the entrance. The entrance bar, structure, 10.1m high, situated at the N end of Laem Ao Kham.
which lies between 2.5 and 3.5 miles W of the entrance, has a A middle ground, with a least depth of 3.7m, lies on a bar
8.108

reported depth of 3m. During the Southwest Monsoon, a heavy about 0.8 mile within the entrance. A channel extends along
swell is raised over the bar. the NE side of the peninsula for about 1 mile; from there the
Depths of 9.1 to 12.8m are found along the N side of the
8.106 bar can be crossed in a depth of 5.2m. Depths of 5.5 to 8.2m
channel between the entrance points. are then found in mid-channel up to a position about 3 miles
Pak Koh (8°52'N., 98°15'E.), the S entrance of the inlet, lies
8.106 above the entrance, where the river bifurcates.
9 miles S of Pak Kruen. The land in the vicinity of the entrance Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a depth of
8.108

is densely wooded. The entrance channel leads between sand 11m, mud, about 0.5 mile inside the entrance.
banks which are reported to be stationary. Depths of 4.6 to The entrance should be approached on a course of 135° in
8.108

5.5m are found for about 2 miles within the entrance. Small order to pass S of the previously-mentioned 3.7m rock. A
vessels with local knowledge can use this entrance only under course of 190° should then be steered so as to pass not more
the most favorable conditions. than 183m off the E extremity of the peninsula forming the W
The town of Takua Pa lies about 4 miles above the mouth of
8.106 side of the entrance.
a creek which flows into the E side of Pak Koh about 2 miles Between Laem Tamchok and Laem Pak Phra, about 22 miles
8.108

within the entrance. SSE, the depths gradually decrease from seaward to depths of
Elbow Point (9°02'N., 98°20'E.) lies on the E side of the in-
8.106 11 to 14.6m about 0.5 mile offshore. This coast should be giv-
let abreast Macauley Point, the SE end of Ko Phra Thong. A en a berth of at least 3 miles as it has not been closely exam-
black beacon off the latter point marks an area of foul ground ined.
with a depth of 2.7m Ko Lumphuk (8°19'N., 98°16'E.), a group of rocks about
8.108

Small vessels with local knowledge and drawing up to 3.7m

8.106 1.8m high, lies about 0.5 mile offshore 7.5 miles N of Laem
can anchor about 0.5 mile N of Feather Tree, which lies on the Pak Phra. Two smaller rocks lie about 0.5 mile N of the group.
N side of Elbow Point. Vessels drawing less than 3.7m can an-
chor on the S side of the inlet about 2 miles S of Elbow Point.

Pub. 173
 293
9.
Sector 9—The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

9.0 Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).
SECTOR 9 — CHART INFORMATION

Pub. 173
 295

SECTOR 9
THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS AND THE NICOBAR ISLANDS

Plan.—This sector describes Preparis Island, the Coco Is-

9.0 through mid-December. The rainfall is variable both as to sea-
lands, the Andaman Islands, and the Nicobar Islands. The de- sons and to geographical positions. In the N part of the Anda-
scriptive sequence is from N to S, and from W to E. man Islands, heavy rainfall (over 250mm per month) falls from
June through September. More moderate amounts (125 to
General Remarks 225mm per month) occur in May, October, and November. The
months of December through April are relatively dry. In the S
9.1 A chain of islands, divided into four groups by well- part of the Andaman Islands, the heaviest rainfall occurs from
defined channels, stretches in a vast ellipse between Pagoda May through early November. More moderate amounts fall
Point (15°57'N., 94°15'E.) and the N end of Sumatera, about from early November through December, and relatively small
630 miles to the S. The principal channels leading through the amounts from January through April.
groups consist of Preparis North Channel, between Preparis Is- 9.1In the Nicobar Islands, heavy rains occur from May through
land and Alguada Reef; Preparis South Channel, between Pre- November. More moderate amounts occur from December
paris Island and the furthest N of the Coco Islands; Coco through mid-January, and relatively small amounts from Janu-
Channel, between the S island of the Andaman Islands; and ary through April.
Ten Degree Channel, between the furthest S of the Andaman 9.1As a rule, the islands with the higher elevation receive the
Islands and the furthest N of the Nicobar Islands. greatest amount of rain.
9.1Vessels bound from Calcutta or Madras to Rangoon usually 9.1Thunderstorm frequency varies from island to island. The
pass through Preparis North Channel. greatest activity occurs during those months immediately pre-
9.1The track from Calcutta to Singapore leads through Preparis ceding and the first few weeks immediately following the onset
South Channel, well N of Table Island. Vessels often use this of the Southwest Monsoon. Thunderstorms occur most fre-
channel during the Southwest Monsoon in order to pass E of quently during May and June at Port Blair, when about 4 to 6
and to the leeward of the Andaman Islands. Vessels should days per month have them. In November, thunderstorms occur
keep well N of Table Island because of the irregularity of the on the average of 3 days per month at this port.
soundings in the vicinity of that island and the strong tidal cur- 9.1The cloud cover is more uniform, with cloud amounts in-
rents. Vessels passing E of Table Island should keep in depths creasing from N to S. During the Southwest Monsoon, there is
of more than 91.1m. little diurnal variation in cloud cover. During the remainder of
9.1Vessels passing through Coco Channel should pass at least 5 the year the cloud cover is more extensive in the afternoons.
miles S of Little Coco Island and at least 4 miles N of Landfall The cloudiest months are June through September. During
Island. these months the cloud coverage amounts to 70 to 80 per cent,
9.1During the Northeast Monsoon, the banks off the W side of with few clear days. February and March are the months with
the Andaman Islands may be passed over by vessels of light least cloud coverage. During these months there is 30 to 40 per
draft. Vessels of deep draft should not cross the shallower cent coverage in the N and 50 to 60 per cent coverage in the S.
parts. Navigation inside the banks to within 3 miles of the land 9.1The visibility is good except during heavy rains.
is safe, except on the W side of North Andaman Island, to 9.1Tides—Currents.—The currents in the vicinity of Alguada
which a berth of 6 miles should be given. Reefs are greatly influenced by the winds, especially at neaps.
9.1Winds—Weather.—The Southwest Monsoon commences The tidal currents set SE on the rising tide and NW on the fall-
in the Nicobar Islands about mid-May and rapidly extends over ing tide. During the Northeast Monsoon, the ebb current at
the Andaman Islands. From June through September the wind springs begins about 2 hours after HW, and runs until LW, at a
blows from the W through SW at Force 4 to 6. During the rate of 1 knot to 2 knots. The period of slack water is very
months of October and November, the winds are variable with short.
Force 1 to 3. The Northeast Monsoon prevails from December 9.1Tide rips have been reported in a position about 19 miles W
through March, the prevailing wind is between N and E at of Alguada Reefs.
Force 2 to 4. During the months of April and early May the 9.1The tidal currents in Preparis North Channel appear to set SE
winds are variable with Force 1 to 3. on the rising tide and NW on the falling tide. During the North-
9.1During the months immediately preceding and following the east Monsoon, there is a strong S current of 1 to 1.5 knots,
Southwest Monsoon, these island groups lie athwart or close to which at neaps entirely overcomes the NW tidal currents. A N
the tracks of the tropical disturbances of the Bay of Bengal. current of 0.5 to 0.8 knot has been experienced. The S current
9.1The temperatures are relatively high, with little variation has a rate of about 2 knots.
from one place to another or between one month and the next. 9.1The tidal currents in South Preparis Channel in the vicinity
The humidity is high at all times. The mean daily temperature of Table Island are strong and often set toward the rocks.
is 27°C; the mean daily minimum temperature is 21°C. 9.1The tidal currents set very strongly through Marshall Chan-
9.1Heavy rains, with a yearly average of 3,200mm, occur in nel and heavy tide races occur. The rate is upwards of 5 knots
these island groups. Rains occur on the W slopes from mid- in the fairway and about 2 knots past the N and S ends of Little
May through September, and on the east slopes from October Coco Island.

Pub. 173
296 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

9.1The tidal currents in the vicinity of the Coco Islands set E on land.
the rising tide and W on the falling tide. In settled weather, the A 12.2m high pinnacle rock lies on a reef about 4 miles SW
9.2

tidal currents appear to turn at HW and LW. Heavy tide races of the S end of Preparis Island. A 1.8m high rock lies on a reef
are found off all salient points. about 0.5 mile S of this reef.
9.1The tidal currents in Coco Channel, during settled weather, Several coral heads, with depths of 3.7m and less, lie within
9.2

are regular, the current setting E on the rising tide and W on the 1.3 miles of the SE side of Preparis Island. A rock, awash, lies
falling tide, at rates of 1 knot to 2 knots at springs. Strong about 0.8 mile S of the N end of the island and 0.3 mile off-
winds influence the tidal currents at times, even reducing them. shore. A pinnacle rock, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies 1.8
During the Northeast Monsoon, the current frequently sets NW miles E of the N end of the island.
through Coco Channel, but during the Southwest Monsoon the During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorage can be taken off
9.2

set is mostly to the E. Tide rips occur in the vicinity of all shoal the E side of Preparis Island, in depths of 21.9 to 25.6m.
water in Coco Channel. During the Northeast Monsoon, anchorage can be taken on the
9.1The tidal currents during the Northeast Monsoon set SW and opposite side of the island.
S along both the E and W coasts of the Andaman Islands. Preparis North Channel (15°22'N., 93°48'E.), deep and
9.2

During the Southwest Monsoon the set is N to E. clear in its central part, lies between Preparis Island and Algua-
9.1In light breezes and fine weather, the tidal currents set E and da Reef, about 55 miles to the NNE. Thalia Shoal (15°15'N.,
W into Duncan Passage, but sometimes a current caused by the 93°48'E.), with a least depth of 18.3m, lies about 21.5 miles
prevailing winds sets through it. NNE of the N end of Preparis Island. Irregular depths surround
9.1Within a few miles of the Nicobar Islands, the tidal currents this shoal.
usually set NE on the rising tide and SW on the falling tide. Alguada Reef, Hugh Rose Rock, and the dangers which lie
9.2

The tidal currents attain a rate of 3 to 4 knots in the channels between Hugh Rose Rock and the Bassein River Entrance to
between the islands. Well offshore of these islands, the currents the NE have been previously described in paragraph 8.5.
usually set with the prevailing wind. The rate, at times about 2 Preparis South Channel (14°28'N., 93°33'E.), which lies
9.2

knots, and direction are variable. Heavy overfalls were report- between Preparis Islands and the Coco Islands to the S, has
ed in a position about 110 miles WSW of the S end of Great depths of 200 to 275m and a width of 34 miles between the
Nicobar Island. dangers on either side.
9.1The currents in the vicinity of Car Nicobar Island flow rapid- A radar conspicuous wreck, stranded in 1980, lies at the W
9.2

ly enough to cause tide races, particularly N of the island. side of the islet 2.5 miles W of the S end of Preparis Island.
During the month of February, usually a calm month, from a Caution.—Less water than charted has been reported to lie
9.2

position about 6 to 8 miles E of the island, a current setting SW Preparis Island has been reported to lie about 3.5 miles W of its
at a rate of 7 knots has been experienced about 1.5 hours after charted position. All of the Andaman Islands have been report-
HW. ed to lie 1.3 miles of their charted positions.
9.1The tidal currents in the vicinity of Chowra Island set NE Preparis South Channel is dangerous to diving submarines,
9.2

during the rising tide and SW during the falling tide. because sunken mines may still exist in this area.
9.1The tidal currents in Sombrero Channel set NW on the rising
tide and SE on the falling tide. These currents are reported to The Coco Islands—Coco Channel
attain a rate of 5 knots at springs.
9.1The tidal currents in St. Georges Channel are strong and set 9.3 The Coco Islands consist of Table Island, Great Coco
NE through the channel on the rising tide, and SW through the Island, and Little Coco Island.
channel on the falling tide. 9.3Table Island (14°11'N., 93°23'E.), which is densely wooded
9.1Caution.—Although the shoals off the N end of the Anda- on all except its SW side, appears as a flat, level surface with
man Islands have been examined, there is a possibility that steep-to sides on all bearings. The island has been reported to
depths less than those charted may exist. Vessels are advised be a good radar target up to 16 miles.
not to pass over them because these shoals are not always visi- 9.3Slipper Island (14°11'N., 93°22'E.), 34m high and grass
ble from aloft. covered, lies about 0.2 mile NW of the NW end of Table Is-
9.1The Andaman Islands lie on fault line, but no earthquakes land. The two islands are connected by a drying reef with a
have been reported in recent years. steppingstone causeway on it. A few trees lie near the summit
of the island; a remarkable pillar rock lies near its W extremity.
Preparis Island Foul ground extends 0.3 mile W and N from Slipper Island,
and depths of 9.1m extend 0.8 mile NW from the island with
9.2 Preparis Island (14°53'N., 93°42'E.), 81m high, nar- depths of 3.7 and 5.5m over the outer end.
row, and wooded, slopes gradually to the sea. A shoal spit ex- 9.3Numerous rocks and shoals, the positions of which may best
tends about 3.5 miles S from the S end of this island. Preparis be seen on the chart, lie off Table Island in depths of less than
Island has been reported to be a good radar target up to 24 18.3m. A detached 11.9m patch lies about 1.3 miles NE of the
miles and has been reported to be identifiable with charted fea- island, and irregular depths, which cause tide rips, extend about
tures by radar up to 22 miles. 4.5 miles NE from the island.
9.2Cow and Calf Islets (14°57'N., 93°43'E.), flat-topped, three 9.3During the Northeast Monsoon, anchorage can be taken
in number, and about 23m high, lie close together about 1.8 about 0.3 mile offshore in Table Bay, on the SW side of Table
miles N of Preparis Island. Island, in a depth of 18.3m, rock, with the lighthouse bearing
9.2Some islets lie on a reef about 1.3 miles W of Preparis Is- 012°. When anchoring, care is necessary neither to be too close

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 297

to the reef, nor to far out where the currents are strong. Daphne Rock.
9.3During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorage can be taken During E winds, sheltered anchorage can be taken, in depths
9.4

about 0.4 mile off the N side of the island, in depths of 16.5 to of 16.5 to 21.9m, sand and mud, in Lambert Bay on the W side
21.9m, sand and rock, with the lighthouse bearing 180°. This of the island. The bottom on the E side of the island is rocky
anchorage is exposed. and foul.
9.3In Table Bay, a small, short jetty extends from the shore Coco Channel (13°47'N., 93°12'E.), which separates Little
9.4

close S of the lighthouse. The channel approach to this jetty is Coco Island from the Andaman Islands to the S, is wide and
marked by a white square board in line with the E white- deep. The S side of the channel has irregular depths over a cor-
washed gate of the lighthouse fence. al bottom. A 18.3m patch, which is marked by a heavy sea
9.3The landing place on the N side of the island is approached during strong winds, lies 13 miles SSW of Little Coco Island.
through a channel, about 91.5m wide at its outer end, and 46m
at its inner end. Iron stakes mark the reefs on either side. The Andaman Islands
9.3Marshall Channel (14°10'N., 93°22'E.), which lies between
Table Island and Great Coco Island to the S, has depths of 9.1 9.5 Landfall Island (13°39'N., 93°02'E.), 79m high in its
to 18.3m in the fairway seaward of the fringing reefs. Strong N part, is fringed by a reef which extends up to 0.5 mile off-
currents set through this channel. shore in places. Landfall Rocks, 12.8m high, lie on the reef
fringing the S end of the island.
The Coco Islands—Table Island 9.5East Island lies 0.8 mile E of Landfall Island. The interven-
ing channel has a least depth 5.5m and provides anchorage to
9.4 Great Coco Island (14°06'N., 93°23'E.), densely small craft. The anchorage is approached from the S. East Is-
wooded and steep on its W side, slopes gradually to the sea on land Light is shown from a white, round metal tower with red
its E side. There are no off-lying dangers, but rocky foul bands standing on the S summit of East Island; a racon is situ-
ground extends 0.3 mile from its N end and 0.4 mile from its ated at the light.
NW end. 9.5Channel Islet, a 29m high rock, lies 0.3 mile off the E side of
9.4Great Coco Island has been reported to be a good radar target Landfall Island near the edge of the reef which fringes that is-
up to 23 miles. land.
9.4Caution.—An explosives dumping ground area, best seen 9.5Hickman Shoal (13°42'N., 93°59'E.), which consists of two
on the chart, lies about 25 miles ENE of Great Coco Island. small patches, lies about 2 miles N of the NW end of Landfall
9.4Pollock Bay (14°09'N., 93°23'E.) lies between the N point Island. The patches have a least depth of 8.2m. Several patches,
of the island and Pechee Point, about 1 mile to the SE. This lat- with depths of 5 to 10.1m, lie between Hickman Shoal and
ter point consists of a 46m high bluff topped by a few trees. Landfall Island. Shoals, with depths of less than 9.1m, lie with-
The outer part of the bay has depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, whereas its in 2 miles NW of the N end of the island.
inner part is fouled by rocky reefs. Binnacle Rock, 4m high, 9.5Ranger Reef (13°39'N., 93°07'E.), with a least depth of
lies on the outer edge of this reef. 1.8m, lies 2 miles E of the N end of East Island. Two 9.1m
9.4Ford Bay (14°08'N., 93°23'E.), entered S of Pechee Point, patches lie within 0.8 mile N of Ranger Reef. In heavy weath-
has depths of 9.1 to 18.3m in its outer part, but shoals rapidly er, the reef is marked by breakers, but at other times it is diffi-
in its inner part. Rat Islet, 38m high and wooded, lies in the S cult to identify.
part of the bay about 1 mile S of Pechee Point.
9.4Anchorage can be taken in the outer part of Ford Bay, in 9.6 Jackson Ledge (13°39'N., 93°08'E.), with a least
depths of 12.8 to 18.3m, about 0.7 mile N of Rat Islet. Shelter depth of 3.2m, lies about 3.3 miles E of the NE end of East Is-
is provided against strong W winds. land and is marked by tide rips. An 11m detached patch lies 3
9.4Jerry Island (14°03'N., 93°22'E.), 30m high, is connected to miles ESE of the ledge. An 8.4m patch lies 2.5 miles NE of the
the S end of Great Coco Island by a reef. Rocky ground, with ledge.
uneven depths, extends about 2 miles S from Jerry Island. 9.6The Andaman Islands, a group of 204 islands, islets and rocks,
9.4Little Coco Island (14°00'N., 93°14'E.), densely wooded lie between the parallels of 10°30'N and 13°40'N and the meridi-
and fairly high, is separated from Great Coco Island and Jerry ans of 92°11'E and 94°13'E. The principal islands consist of
Island by Alexander Channel. This channel is free of dangers North Andaman Island, South Andaman Island, Middle Anda-
in the fairway, but strong currents and tide rips are encoun- man Island, Baratang Island, and Rutland Island. Little Anda-
tered. Vessels using this channel should give the S end of Jerry man Island lies about 30 miles farther S. These islands are
Island a berth of at least 3 miles. known as Great Andaman. North Andaman Island and Little An-
9.4Irregular depths extend about 1.8 miles N, and foul, uneven daman Island have been reported to be good radar targets at dis-
ground extends about 4 miles S from Little Coco Island. tances up to 18 miles. South Andaman Island has been reported
9.4Investigator Patch (13°57'N., 93°16'E.), an area of shoal to be a good radar target at distances up to 17 miles.
rocky ground with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 2 miles 9.6The principal groups of small islands consist of the Richie's
ESE of the S end of the island. Rocks, some of which are Archipelago, off the E side of Baratang Island, and the Laby-
awash, lie on the foul ground which extends 4 miles S from the rinth Islands, off the SW coast of South Andaman Island. The
end of the island. Middle Rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, principal off-lying islands are North Sentinel Island, Barren Is-
lies 2 miles S of the above end of the island. Daphne Rock, land, and Narcondam Island. The latter island is an extinct vol-
with a least depth of 5m or less, lies 0.5 mile farther S. South cano which lies 70 miles E of the main group.
Patch, with a least depth of 12.8m or less, lies 1.5 miles SSE of 9.6The Andaman Islands consist of a mass of very high hills en-

Pub. 173
298 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

closing very narrow valleys. Most of the islands are covered 9.8Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 18.3m, 0.5 mile off the
with dense tropical growth. E side of the North Sentinel Island with its NE point bearing
The shores of the islands are deeply indented, forming a
9.6 283°. Sunken dangers exist S of this fair weather anchorage.
number of harbors, some of which are very spacious. The prin- 9.8In fair weather, small vessels with local knowledge can an-
cipal ports or harbors on the W coasts of the islands consist of chor, in a depth of 21.9m, about 0.5 mile off an entrance
Temple Sound, Port Anson, Port Campbell, Port Mouat, and through the reef which lies close E of a small islet on the S side
Macpherson Strait. Those which indent the E coasts consist of of the island. This anchorage lies about 0.8 mile W of Con-
Port Cornwallis, Stewart Sound, Elphinstone Harbour, Cole- stance Islet.
brook Passage, Port Meadows, and Port Blair. The latter port is 9.8Caution.—A 5-mile prohibited zone surrounds North Senti-
the administrative center for the whole group. nel Island. The island is inhabited by a no-contact indigenous
peoples who have been known to attack and kill anyone land-
9.7 The reefs and dangers off the W coasts of the Anda- ing on the island. This includes two fishermen in 2006 and one
man Islands are more extensive than those off the E coast and missionary in 2018.
extend in places up to 21 miles offshore. 9.8South Sentinel Island (10°58'N., 92°14'E.), 44m high to the
9.7The surf breaks a considerable distance offshore on the E tops of the trees and level topped, lies 15 miles NW of Little
coast of the Andaman Islands because of the rocky ledges and Andaman Island. Its appearance is much the same on all bear-
foul ground which fringe these shores. ings. A bank, as defined by the 36m curve, surrounds the island
9.7West Coral Bank, Middle Bank, and South Bank, composed and extends about 6 miles NW from it. Considerable depths ex-
of coral and sand, lie off the W side of the Andaman Islands. ist in the channel between this island and Little Andaman Is-
The water over them is very clear and judging from the appear- land.
ance of the bottom, it seems probable that rollers break on 9.8Anchorage can be taken off the W side of South Sentinel Is-
Middle Bank during the Southwest Monsoon but not on the land with its center bearing 101°, distant 0.9 mile. Anchorage
others. The 183m curve passes close W of these banks, and the can also be taken off the E side of the island, with its center
increase of swell usually indicates their general location. bearing 281°, distant 0.9 mile.
9.7West Coral Bank (13°13'N., 93°31'E.), the N of these banks, 9.8Narcondam Island (13°26'N., 94°17'E.), an extinct volcano
lies between 15 and 23 miles W of North Andaman Island. A 710m high, lies about 74 miles E of the N end of North Anda-
least depth of 11m lies on the N part of the bank about 14 miles man Island. Its summit is shaped like a truncated cone. Barata
NW of North Reef Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.). Bay on the E side of the island can be identified by a grove of
9.7Middle Bank (12°32'N., 92°25'E.) has a least depth of 6.8m, palm trees. A light is shown from a white framework tower on
which lies about 38 miles SSW of North Reef Island. the NW side of the island; the visible sector bears between
9.7South Bank (12°16'N., 92°26'E.), about 8 miles in extent, 058° and 179°.
lies about 18 miles SW of Flat Island (12°32'N., 92°41'E.). 9.8Narcondam Island has been reported to be a good radar tar-
The central part of the bank has a least depth of 11m. get up to 27 miles.
9.7Dalrymple Bank (10°31'N., 92°14'E.), about 7 miles in ex- 9.8In 1946, and subsequently through 1984, the island has been
tent and almost circular in shape, lies centered about 9 miles W reported to lie 2.3 miles farther W than charted.
of the SW end of Little Andaman Island. The depths near the
center range from 10.1 to 16.5m, but elsewhere they range 9.9 Barren Island (12°16'N., 93°51'E.), 353m high with
from 20.1 to 36.6m. Heavy rollers mark this bank during the densely-wooded cliffs rising sheer from the sea, lies about 72
Southwest Monsoon. miles SSW of Narcondam Island. The outer slopes of the cra-
9.7In 1951, an 11m patch was reported to lie about 23 miles ter, which lies in the center of the island, is covered with foli-
WSW of the SW end of Little Andaman Island. age. The interior of the crater is visible through a gap on its W
9.7Invisible Bank (11°10'N., 93°31'E.), about 37 miles long side. A thin column of steam rises from a sulfur bed on the cra-
and 9 miles wide, lies centered about 46 miles E of the Cinque ter side and near the summit. No known dangers exist within
Islands (11°17'N., 92°43'E.). Flat Rock, 27m in diameter and 0.5 mile of the island.
awash, lies near the center which is the shallowest part of the 9.9Barren Island has been reported to be a good radar target up
bank. to 24 miles.
9.9Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 27.4m, about 0.2 mile
9.8 North Sentinel Island (11°33'N., 92°14'E.), separat- off a beach on the SW side of the island. The currents were re-
ed from the Labyrinth Islands by a wide, deep channel, is 122m ported to set SE at a rate of 2.5 knots at half tide at this anchor-
high, densely wooded, and has a level ridge which slopes to the age.
low NW point. Depths of 42.1 to 95.1m are found in this chan- 9.9The tidal currents in Cleugh Passage, between Landfall Is-
nel. land and North Andaman Island, set about ESE on the rising
9.8North Sentinel Island has been reported to be a good radar tide and WNW on the falling tide. The rate at springs is about
target up to 13 miles. 1.5 knots. Tide rips occur throughout the passage.
9.8No dangers, except those S of the anchorage, exist outside 9.9The current off the seaward side of the Labyrinth Islands,
the reef which extends between 0.5 and 0.8 mile from the shore which are located off the SW side of South Andaman Island,
around the island. A dangerous wreck lies about 2.5 miles W of sets S, but it occasionally reverses its direction for periods of
the S part of the island. Constance Islet, 12m high, is the larg- about 24 hours.
est of four islets which lie on this reef off the SE point of the is- 9.9The tidal currents in Macpherson Strait, between Little An-
land. daman Island and Rutland Island, set E on the rising tide, and

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 299

W on the falling tide, turning at about the times of high and the hill are covered with vegetation and appear saddle-shaped
LW. The tidal currents are strong only in the narrows NE of Ri- when viewed from the W or E.
fleman Island. Several conspicuous hills lie near the W coast of the island.
9.11

9.9The tidal currents in Diligent Strait, between the Ritchie's Brown’s Hill, 91m high, lies 1 mile SE of Cape Thornhill. Jes-
Archipelago and Baratang Island, are weak, but with strong S sop Hill, 134m high, lies on a point at the head of Hudson Bay
winds there is probably a considerable N set in the narrowest about 15 miles SSW of the same cape. Lewis Hill, 110m high,
part of the strait between Wilson Island and Strait Island. lies on a peninsula separating the above bay from Casuarina
Bay about 1.3 miles S of Jessop Hill. All of the above hills
Cleugh Passage have twin summits.
Between Cape Thornhill and Bluff Point, about 4.5 miles SW,
9.11

9.10 Cape Price (13°35'N., 93°02'E.), the N end of North the coast is somewhat indented and lined with mangroves. The
Andaman Island, is densely wooded and slopes gradually to latter bold, cliffy point is 70m high, has an irregular summit, and
the sea. The S shore of Cleugh Passage, between Cape Price appears as three peaks when viewed from the SSW.
and Cape Thornhill, about 7 miles WSW, is indented, densely Thornhill Island (13°32'N., 92°55'E.), 77m high, is separat-
9.11

wooded, and fringed by mangroves in places. ed from Cape Thornhill by a narrow shallow channel.
Cleugh Passage (13°36'N., 93°02'E.), which separates
9.10 White Cliff Island (13°32'N., 92°53'E.), 33m high, lies 1.5
9.11

Landfall Island and East Island from North Andaman Island, is miles W of Thornhill Island. Cliffs, 20m high and dark-col-
available to vessels with local knowledge. Passage through it is ored, back the N end of the island.
not recommended because of the strong currents and lack of Reef Island (13°30'N., 92°53'E.) is 5.5m high to the tops of
9.11

navigational aids. Depths in the fairway range from 20.1 to the trees. Shoal ground, as defined by the 6m curve, extends al-
56.7m, but patches of less than 18.3m are numerous. Patches, most 1 mile WSW from the SW point of the island. Irregular
with depths of 9.1 and 10.5m, lie 1 and 2 miles ESE of Passage depths of less than 18.3m lie up to 1.3 miles farther WSW.
Rock. Temple Sound (13°25'N., 92°51'E.) lies between Shearme
9.11

Cleugh Rocks (13°37'N., 92°58'E.), about 1.5 miles SSW of

9.10 Island on the E, and Paget Island and Point Island on the N and
the SW end of Landfall Island, lie on a reef, the W part of W. Shearme Island is 57m high and, except in the narrow chan-
which dries 1.8m. nel separating it from the mainland to the E, is fringed by a
Passage Rock (13°36'N., 93°00'E.) awash, steep-to and
9.10 drying reef. Oldham Rocks, 3m high, lie about 0.5 mile NNE
marked by breakers, lies about 0.5 mile SE of Cleugh Rocks of the NW point of Shearme Island; Sugar Loaf, a prominent
and almost in mid-channel. conical rock, 27m high, lies about 1.5 miles SSW of the SW
Wedge Rock, about 1.8m high and fringed by a drying reef,
9.10 end of Shearme Island and on the SE side of the entrance of the
lies 1.5 miles WNW of Cape Price. A shoal, with depths of 4.6 sound.
to 8.2m, lies 1 mile W of Wedge Rock. A 0.9m high rock, sur-
rounded by depths of less than 9.1m, lies 0.5 mile S of this 9.12 Paget Island (13°26'N., 92°50'E.), about 0.8 mile
shoal about 2.7 miles W of Cape Price. NW of the NW end of Shearme Island, is 76m high to the tops
One Fathom Patch (13°36'N., 93°02'E.), which breaks in
9.10 of the trees and fringed by a drying reef on all except part of its
heavy weather, has a least depth of 1.8m and lies 0.6 mile N of E side. A spit, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 0.8
Cape Price. Depths of 6.4 to 11.9m lie between this danger and mile N from its NE point. Cliffs, about 30m high, line the SE
Cape Price. A 5m patch lies about 0.5 mile W of the Cape. side of Paget Island.
West Island (13°36'N., 93°54'E.), 53m high, reef-fringed,
9.10 Point Island (13°24'N., 92°50'E.), about 0.5 mile SW of
9.12

and densely wooded, lies in the W approach to Cleugh Pas- Paget Island, is tree-covered. A drying reef almost surrounds
sage, about 3.5 miles NNW of Cape Thornhill. Depths of less the island and extends about 0.3 mile from its N and SW sides.
than 9.1m lie up to 0.5 mile off the island. Several patches, A least depth of 6.4m exists in the fairway of the channel sepa-
with depths of 7.3 to 8.7m lie between West Island and Wedge rating Paget Island and Point Island.
Rock. In the N approach to Temple Sound, between Paget Island to
9.12

the W and the coast between Bluff Point and Shearme Island to
North Andaman Island—West Coast the E, there are several rocks, awash and sunken, and some
shoals, the positions of which may best be seen on the chart.
9.11 Between Cape Thornhill (13°32'N., 92°56'E.), and In the S approach, Bolton Shoal, which lies almost in mid-
9.12

Shark Islet, about 22 miles SSW, the coast is backed some dis- channel between the S end of Point Island, and Sugar loaf
tance inland by many conspicuous summits. Rock, about 2.5 miles SSE, has a least depth of 9.1m.
Taylor Hill (13°27'N., 92°54'E.) about 6.3 miles SSE of Cape
9.11 A bank, on which the depths are less than 18.3m, extends al-
9.12

Thornhill, is a long ill-defined summit, 196m high. Doyly Peak, most 1 mile SSE from the S end of Point Island and almost
159m high and pointed, lies 8 miles S of the same cape. Tasou joins Bolton Shoal.
Hill, 240m high and having three summits of nearly equal height Anchorage, sheltered from all except SW winds, can be tak-
9.12

with only a slight dip between them, rises 6.5 miles farther SSW. en, in depths of 18.3 to 21.9m, mud and sand, in the middle of
Tadikelly Hill, 335m high, a sharp ridge with its peak at its S the sound about midway between Shearme Island and Point Is-
end, lies 8 miles S of Doyly Hill. Saddle North Peak, 686m high land. Small vessels can anchor, in a depth of 14.6m, about 0.3
and having a flat top with a sharp peak at its N end, rises about mile W of Oldham Rocks.
23 miles S of Cape Price. Saddle Hill, 731m high, lies 2.8 miles The depths in Temple Sound are very irregular and caution is
9.12

S of Saddle North Peak and has a rounded summit. The peak and advised both when entering and when anchoring.

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300 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

The coast between Point Stuart (13°22'N., 92°51'E.) and the

9.12 Interview Passage, which lies between Interview Island to the
W entrance of Austen Strait, about 29 miles to the S, is very ir- W and Anderson Island and Bennett Island to the E. This area
regular and fronted by numerous islets, rocks and shoals. Hud- is dangerous and should be avoided.
son Bay, entered about 5 miles S of Point Stuart and Casuarina Buchanan Passage, which lies between Anderson Island and
9.14

Bay, 3 miles farther S, are both shallow and exposed to the W the mainland, is foul.
wind and seas. Rocky Point, the extremity of a promontory, lies about 4.5
9.14

Mackey Bank (13°20'N., 92°46'E.), with a least depth of

9.12 miles SSW of Tuft Island. Hump Island lies about 3 miles S of
7.3m, lies about 6 miles SW of Point Island. Vessels should Tuft Island and Flat Island lies about 6 miles farther S.
give this bank a wide berth when passing. A shoal, with a least depth of 11m, lies 2.5 miles W of
9.14

Shark Island (13°12'N., 92°46'E.), about 12.3 miles SSW of

9.12 Rocky Point.
the same island, is sandy and covered with bushes about 6.1m
high. A rocky reef surrounds this island. Vessels should give Andaman Strait—West Entrance
this island a wide berth when passing.
9.15 The W entrance of Andaman Strait, which separates
9.13 North Reef Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.), low, flat, Middle Andaman Island from South Andaman Island, is divid-
wooded, and marshy, lies 6.5 miles SSW of Shark Island. A ed into two channels by Spike Island. Fairly deep water exists
reef extends about 2 miles S from the S end of the island. in the outer part of the main entrance which lies N of the latter
Latouche Island (13°05'N., 92°43'E.) lies close off the NE
9.13 island. The channel is entered between the W entrance point of
point of North Reef Island. A spit extends about 0.3 mile S Foul Bay and Breaker Point, the NW end of Spike Island. The
from Latouche Island. A 3.7m patch lies about 1.5 miles SE of channel abreast Foul Bay is about 0.4 mile wide between the
the E end of North Reef Island. shoals on either side, but narrows to a width of 0.2 mile be-
Interview Island (12°55'N., 92°42'E.) lies 4.5 miles S of the
9.13 tween the reef extending from Steep Point, the NE end of Spike
S end of North Reef Island. The island is low at its N end, but Island and Brook Point to the N.
rises gradually to a height of 113m. The highest part of the is- Andaman Strait bifurcates about 0.5 mile E of Steep Point.
9.15

land is a wooded plateau. A rocky pinnacle, 7m high, lies close Homfray Strait, the N channel, separates Middle Andaman Is-
off a cliff on the S end of the island. Foul ground extends about land from Baratang Island. The S channel, which separates the
2 miles NNE from the island. A light is shown from the W side latter island from South Andaman Island, retains the name of
of the island. Andaman Strait. That part of the channel between Spike Island
South Reef Island (12°47'N., 92°40'E.) lies about 1 mile
9.13 to the W and Stoat Island, Mangrove Island, and Talakaicha Is-
SW of Interview Island on a stony spit, as defined by the 6m land, to the E, is known as Port Anson.
curve, that extends about 3 miles S from that island. The S part of the W entrance of Andaman Strait, between
9.15

Anchorage.—Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in

9.13 Spike Island and the N end of South Andaman Island, about
depths of 11.8 to 16.4m, about 2 miles E of the S end of North 0.3 mile SW, is fairly deep. This narrow, intricate channel is
Reef Island. Care should be taken to avoid the shoal patches considered to be dangerous.
which lie 1.5 and 2 miles ENE of the S end of the island. Ves-
sels approaching from the NW should round Shark Island Port Anson—Approaches
about 0.5 mile off in order to avoid a 6.4m shoal which lies 1.5
miles N of that island. 9.16 Foul Bay (12°19'N., 92°42'E.), on the N side of the
main entrance of Andaman Strait, is fouled by reefs. The coast
9.14 Austen Strait (12°53'N., 92°48'E.), which separates between this bay and Brooke Point, about 1.8 miles SSE, is
North Andaman Island from Middle Andaman Island, is shoal fringed by a reef which extends about 0.3 mile offshore in plac-
and can only be used by boats. The shallowest parts are over es. Brooke Point rises to a rounded knoll, 96m high, close N of
the bars at either entrance. The W entrance, which lies about its extremity.
8.5 miles SE of the N end of Interview Island, is approached Foul ground extends almost 1 mile S from the W point of
9.16

through Interview Sound which lies between the N part of In- Foul Bay. A rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies near the S
terview Island and the mainland. Numerous islands, rocks, and end of this reef. Half-tide Rock, which dries 0.9m, lies 0.6 mile
shoals lie in the sound. S of the same point.
White Mountain (12°51'N., 92°55'E.), 361m high, lies at
9.14 Spike Island (12°16'N., 92°43'E.), whose N side forms the S
9.16

the N end of the E coastal range of Middle Andaman Island, side of the entrance channel, is 136m high at its N end and 94m
about 7 miles ESE of the W entrance of Austen Strait. The high at its S end. The N coast of the island between Breaker
mountain appears whale-backed when viewed from the SW. Point and Steep Point is fringed by a narrow reef. A vessel
The W coast of the island, between Tuft Island about 6 miles
9.14 drawing 4.6m reported grounding about 0.4 mile E of Breaker
SSE of the S end of Interview Island, and the W entrance of Point. Braganza Ledge, almost 0.5 mile NW of Breaker Point,
Andaman Strait, is bold and precipitous. Tuft Island is sandy has a least depth of 8.2m.
and about 3m high. The W side of Spike Island is fringed by a reef which ex-
9.16

Port Andaman (12°44'N., 92°42'E.), of little commercial

9.14 tends up to 0.2 mile offshore in places. Long Rock, 1.2m high,
importance, lies between South Reef Island and Anderson Is- lies 1.5 miles SSW of Breaker Point. Cingue Rocks, two
land. This latter island lies close to and parallel with Middle groups of above-water rocks, lie about 0.3 and 0.5 mile S of
Andaman Island. The water at the entrance is muddy and irreg- Long Rock.
ular depths exist over a rocky bottom. Port Andaman leads N to Taylor Patches (12°16'N., 92°42'E.), which have a least
9.16

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 301

depth of 5m, lie about 1.5 miles SW of Breaker Point. A shoal Island, about 15.5 miles SSW, is clear of off-lying dangers, ex-
area, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies 0.5 mile W of Long Rock. cept for South Bank, which has been previously described in
Bluff Island (12°15'N., 92°42'E.), 30m high to the tops of
9.16 paragraph 9.7. The shallowest part of this bank lies 15 miles
the trees, lies in the mouth of the S entrance channel, close N of WNW of Cape Bluff.
the N end of South Andaman Island. A drying reef extends 0.3 Port Campbell (11°57'N., 92°35'E.), almost landlocked and
9.19

mile W and 0.5 mile N from Bluff Island. sheltered, is entered between Petrie Island and Montgomery Is-
land, about 1.8 miles SSW. The cliffs in the vicinity of the port
Port Anson are yellowish-gray sandstone with clearly defined stratum
lines.
9.17 Port Anson (12°16'N., 92°44'E.) lies between Spike Petrie Island (11°58'N., 92°37'E.), which lies on the N side
9.19

Island to the W, and Stoat Island, Mangrove Island, and Tal- of the entrance, is joined to the N extremity of Defence Island
akaicha Island to the E. Depths of 12.8 to 20m exist in the cen- by reefs and shoals. This latter island forms part of the E side
tral part of the bay. All of the above islands are reef-fringed. of the port.
Whales Reef (12°15'N., 92°44'E.) lies about 0.8 mile NW of
9.17 An area of shoal ground extends 0.5 mile S from Petrie Is-
9.19

the S end of Talakaicha Island. Two small reefs lie S of this land and a similar shoal, with some rocks awash, extends about
reef. 1 mile W from the middle part of Defence Island.
Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in the N part of Port
9.17 Montgomery Island (11°56'N., 92°35'E.), on the S side of
9.19

Anson, in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, mud, about midway be- the entrance, is joined to the mainland by foul ground. The E
tween Stoat Island and the N part of Spike Island. side of this island is fringed by foul ground. A detached patch,
Directions.—The low mangrove point at the N end of Stoat
9.17 with depths of 9.1 to 11.9m, lies about 0.8 mile NE of Mont-
Island, just open S of Brooke Point, bearing 112°, leads gomery Island.
through the channel N of Spike Island. When within about 0.3 Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor in the entrance, in a depth
9.19

mile of Brooke Point, course should be altered to the S passing of 21.9m, about 0.8 mile NE of Montgomery Island. Anchor-
about midway between Brooke Point and Steep point. After age can be taken, in a depth of 23.8m, a little over 1 mile SE of
rounding Steep Point, about 0.1 to 0.2 mile distant, course can the same island.
be shaped for the anchorage. Directions.—Vessels can approach the latter anchorage in
9.19

depths of not less than 18.3m by passing close N of the previous-

9.18 Andaman Strait.—Vessels drawing 4m have navigat- ly-mentioned 9.1 to 11.9m patch, on a 090° course until the W
ed the strait. Small vessels with local knowledge should only at- point of Petrie Island bears 000°. A course of 180° should then
tempt the passage during daylight hours, under favorable be steered until the N end of Montgomery Island bears 305°. A
conditions. Such vessels should follow the directions above and course of 130° should then be steered and anchorage taken when
steer S in mid-channel through Port Anson until W of the S end the NW end of Defence Island bears 003°.
of Mangrove Island. The course should then be altered slightly E
until the summit of a conical peak, to the N, is seen bearing 003° 9.20 The coast between Montgomery Island and Palmer
and just open E of the nearer hills that form the W side of a large Point, about 15 miles to the S, has not been closely examined.
mangrove valley. The course should then be shaped to about A reef fringes this section of coast and an area of shoal ground
183° and these marks kept on the bearing of 003°, astern. This extends up to 2.5 miles S from Palmer Point. A 5.5m patch lies
course leads between the ledge of rocks that dries 2.1m and near the S end of this shoal ground.
Whales Reef and other reefs to the S of it. Constance Bay (11°42'N., 92°36'E.), entered between Palm-
9.20

When the S end of Talakaicha Island bears 090°, the course

9.18 er Point and Florence Point, about 2 miles to the SE, is foul and
should be altered to about 220° for the S point of Spike Island, has not been closely examined.
giving a berth of about 0.3 mile to the E side of the strait until Port Mouat (11°37'N., 92°38'E.), entered between Perseus
9.20

about 0.6 mile distant from the S point of Spike Island. The Point and Andromeda Point about 0.8 mile S, extends about
course should then be altered to pass 0.2 mile E of that point. 1.5 miles E through a narrow channel to a landlocked basin.
When the same point bears 000°, the course should be altered The entrance channel between the extending reefs on either
9.20

to the S to proceed along the W side of the strait, about 0.2 side is about 0.3 mile wide, but about 1 mile to the E the chan-
mile off the W shore. nel narrows to a width of only about 91m. Two detached patch-
When the W end of Baby Island (12°11'N., 92°44'E.), an is-
9.18 es, having depths of 4.3 and 4.6m, lie in the middle of the
land with two hillocks, located at the W end of the narrows narrowest part of the channel. Depths E and W of these patches
about 3 miles SSE of the S end of Spike Island, bears about range from 12.8 to 20m. Depths in the landlocked basin to the
113°, the course should be altered to pass S of that point and E range from 7.3 to 10m.
continue in mid-channel through the strait. Small fishing vessels with local knowledge frequently use
9.20

Vessels should not attempt to pass through the narrows

9.18 the port as an anchorage. It is advisable to buoy the two shoal
during the strength of the tidal currents at springs. Slack water patches which lie in the narrowest part of the channel prior to
occurs at the times of HW and LW at Port Blair. The tidal cur- entering.
rents are weak at neaps.
The Labyrinth Islands
9.19 Cape Bluff (12°12'N., 92°40'E.) the NW end of
South Andaman Island, is fronted by dangers which extend 9.21 The Labyrinth Islands (11°35'N., 92°3'E.), consist-
about 1 mile offshore. The coast between this cape and Petrie ing of 14 islands and islets, lie off the SW side of South Anda-

Pub. 173
302 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

man Island. All of these islands are rocky and fringed by reefs Beauchamp Patch, a small coral head awash, lies on the SE
9.22

which extend up to 1 mile offshore along their seaward faces. side of the channel, 0.4 mile NNE of the NE end of Jolly Boys
Large blocks of these extending reefs have been broken off by Island. This rock is not usually visible.
the sea during the Southwest Monsoon and have been tossed Peck Shoals (11°32'N., 92°38'E.), a group of coral heads on
9.22

up onto the reefs where they appear as rocky boulders. the N side of the channel, lie 1.3 miles NNE of the NE end of
Tarmugli Island (11°35'N., 92°34'E.), the NW island of the
9.21 Jolly Boys Island.
group, is 78m high and lies with Frederick Point, its NW end, Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor, in depths of 11 to 18.3m,
9.22

about 4.5 miles WSW of Perseus Point. Two rocks, each 4.6m on the N side of the E part of the strait with the S end of South
high, lie close off the cliffy S side of the island. Andaman Island bearing 125°, distant 1.5 miles. A white rock
A large area of foul ground extends up to 2.5 miles N from
9.21 on the N side of the strait, about 1.3 miles NNW of the above
the reef which fringes the N coast of the island. Allen Patches, point, bears 058° and is reported to be a good mark.
partly awash, lie on the outer part of this foul ground about 2 Directions.—Vessels approaching Macpherson Strait from
9.22

miles NE of Frederick Point. A 5.5m patch was reported to lie the W, about 5 miles off the entrance, should steer a course of
about 2.5 miles NE of the same point. 051° for Jolly Boys Island until the N end of Pluto Island bears
Boat Island (11°31'N., 92°34'E.), 27m high, lies on an area
9.21 034°. Pluto Island will then be open, 0.3 of its length E of the
of foul ground about 1.8 miles SE of the SW end of Tarmugli SE side of Hobday Island. A 034° course will then lead mid-
Island. way between Brooker Rock and the reef extending SW from
Malay Island (11°32'N., 92°37'E.), the SE island of the
9.21 Jolly Boys Island. This reef is usually visible. When the sum-
group, lies 2.3 miles E of Boat Island. A rounded summit, 68m mit of this island is abeam course should be altered to 052°
high, rises at its N end. A rocky ledge extends 0.3 mile from with 0.6m rock, located about 0.5 mile SSE of Pluto Island,
the S point of the island. ahead. When the S end of Boat Island is seen just open S of the
Hobday Island (11°32'N., 92°37'E.), which lies close NE of
9.21 S end of Malay Island, bearing 265°, course should be altered
Malay Island, has a rocky ledge extending 0.5 mile S from its to 085° with that mark astern. This course leads between Peck
SE side. A ridge, with depths of 6.4 to 8.2m, extends 0.5 mile Shoals and Beauchamp Patch.
farther S. A mid-channel course can be steered through the narrows.
9.22

Redskin Island (11°33'N., 92°36'E.) lies close NW of Malay

9.21 When the above 0.6m rock is abeam, course should be altered
Island. It has been reported that Elphinstone Passage, which so as to pass midway between Rifleman Islet and the NE shore
leads between the W side of Redskin Island and Snob Island, of the strait. A mid-channel course can then be steered through
46m high, is used by local fishing craft proceeding to Port the rest of the strait.
Mouat. Snob Island is 75m high and lies W of Redskin Island.
Pluto Island (11°33'N., 92°38'E.), small, rounded, and 49m
9.21 9.23 Rutland Island (11°25'N., 92°39'E.), the furthest S of
high, lies close E of Hobday Island. A rock, 0.6m high and said the Andaman Islands, consists of two parts joined together by a
to be a useful mark at all stages of the tide, lies 0.5 mile SSE of low neck of land. Mount Ford, 433m high, lies in the N part of
Pluto Island. the island; Mount Mayo, 227m high, lies in the S part.
Jolly Boys Island (11°30'N., 92°37'E.), 45m high, lies 0.8
9.21 Woodmason Bay (11°25'N., 92°37'E.), which indents the W
9.23

mile NW of Rutland Island. A reef, which is usually visible, coast of the island, lies with its S part abreast the low neck of
fringes the island and extends about 0.8 mile SW from it. land. Depths in the central part of the bay, seaward of the fring-
Grub Island (11°35'N., 92°36'E.), 24m high with a yellow
9.21 ing reefs, range from 14.6 to 29.3m.
cliff on it, lies 1.5 miles E of Tarmugli Island. A bank, as defined by the 20m curve, extends about 4 miles
9.23

W from the SW side of the island. The Twin Islands, flat-

9.22 Macpherson Strait (11°30'N., 92°36'E.) separates topped and wooded, lie on the N side of this bank. East Twin
South Andaman Island and the Labyrinth Islands from Rutland Island is 44m high and West Twin Island is 48m high. A rocky
Island. The recommended channel has a least depth of 7.3m ledge extends 0.8 mile SW from the latter island. Turtle Rock,
and a least navigable width of 0.2 mile. which dries 1.8m, lies near the extremity of this ledge. A spit
The W entrance is narrow and obstructed by reefs as are both
9.22 extends about 0.8 mile from the rock. A 2.7m patch lies near
shores of the strait. The reef edges are visible in places. That the extremity of this spit.
part of the strait which lies between the SW end of South An- Investigator Rock (11°20'N., 92°37'E.), with a least depth
9.23

daman Island and the NE side of Rutland Island, is clear except of 5.5m and marked by rips, lies about 1 mile SSW of the S ex-
for a rocky ledge which extends 0.6 mile ENE from the NE end tremity of Rutland Island. A rocky shoal, with a least depth of
of the latter island. 8.2m, lies about 0.3 mile NNE of this rock.
Several channels are found in the W approach to Macpher-
9.22 An extensive bank of dead coral, having a least depth of
9.23

son Strait. Those leading between the islands forming the Lab- 11m, lies centered about 6.5 miles SW of the SW end of Rut-
yrinth Islands are mostly foul. The channel between Malay land Island.
Island and Jolly Boys Island, which leads from Macpherson The E side of Rutland Island is described in paragraph 9.48.
9.23

Strait to Elphinstone Passage, is navigable by small vessels Manners Strait and the islands and passages to the S are de-
with local knowledge under favorable conditions. scribed beginning in paragraph 9.49.
Brooker Rock (11°30'N., 92°36'E.), a pinnacle with a depth
9.22

of 1.5m, lies on the NW side of the channel about 0.8 mile NW North Andaman Island—East Side
of the SW end of Jolly Boys Island. Because of the discolor-
ation of the water this rock is not usually visible. 9.24 Cape Price, the NE point of North Andaman Island,

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 303

has been previously described in paragraph 9.10. The coast be- and leads into Port Cornwallis.
tween the cape and the entrance of Gibb Creek, about 7 miles Smith Island (13°20'N., 93°05'E.), 131m high, has a con-
9.25

to the S, is fronted by several rocky patches. Vessels should spicuous tree on its summit. Mangrove Point, the E end of the
keep at least 2.5 miles off this coast when passing. island, is fronted by a drying reef that extends about 0.2 mile
Union Ledge (13°32'N., 93°11'E.), almost awash, lies about
9.24 offshore. A 10.1m patch lies about 0.8 mile S of the point.
6.5 miles ESE of Pocock Island. It lies near the S extremity of Temple Island, which forms the S entrance point of Thor-
9.25

an extensive bank on which the irregular depths are less than oughfare Creek, lies 0.5 mile NE of the N end of Smith Island.
36.6m. A patch, with depths of 11 to 14.6m, lies about 0.8 mile A shelving reef extends about 0.3 mile from the E side of Tem-
E, and a 5.5m patch lies almost 0.5 mile SSW of Union Ledge. ple Island. A drying ledge lies about 0.3 mile E of the same is-
Pocock Island (13°34'N., 93°04'E.), 55m high and wooded,
9.24 land.
lies about 1.8 miles SSE of Cape Price. A rock, awash, lies The Turtle Islands (13°22'N., 93°05'E.), two wooded is-
9.25

near the S end of an area of foul ground which extends 0.3 mile lands about 46m high, lie 1.8 miles NNW of Mangrove Point.
S from the island. A drying rock lies 0.3 mile farther S. Turtle Reef, with a 1.2m high sandbank in its middle, lies 0.5
A shoal, with a least depth of 5.5m, lies about 4 miles S of
9.24 mile N of the islands. A 7.3m shoal lies 0.5 mile ESE of the
Pocock Island. reef.
Beauchamp Reef (13°27'N., 93°04'E.), awash, lies almost 1
9.24 The channel between the Turtle Islands and Smith Island is
9.25

mile offshore about 6.5 miles S of Pocock Island. clear with a fairway depth of not less than 20.1m.
Cadell Bay (13°26'N., 93°04'E.), entered between the S en-
9.24 Back Bay, an open bight, lies between Mangrove Point and
9.25

trance point of Gibb Creek and Colvin Point about 2.8 miles Ross Island, about 2 miles to the S. The shores of the bay are
SE, provides anchorage during the Southwest Monsoon, in reef-fringed. Back Bay Shoal, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies
depths of 11 to 12.8m, mud, in the middle of the bay. about 1 mile SE of Mangrove Point and breaks only in heavy
Trilby Island lies 0.2 mile ENE of Colvin Point; Tree Islet,
9.24 weather. Back Bay Reef dries 1.5m and lies about 1 mile S of
11m high with some vegetation on it, lies 0.3 mile ENE of Tril- Mangrove Point. This reef is usually visible at HW, except
by Island. when the sea is very smooth. Depths of 11 to 16m exist be-
Bond Harbor (13°24'N., 93°04'E.), entered about 1 mile
9.24 tween Back Bay Shoal and Back Bay Reef.
SSE of Colvin Point, provides anchorage to small craft, in Tree Island, in line bearing 341° with Cape Price, leads E of
9.25

depths of 12.8 to 14.6m, mud and sand. Back Bay Shoal. Hand Peak, in line bearing 235° with the SE
The Table Islands (13°25'N., 93°07'E.) consist of Excelsior
9.24 side of Ross Island, leads SE of the same shoal.
Island and Delgarno Island, both tree-covered, which lie at the
N and SW ends, respectively of an extensive shoal on which Port Cornwallis
the depths are less than 5.5m.
Excelsior Island, 29m high, lies about 1.5 miles E of the
9.24 9.26 Port Cornwallis (13°17'N., 93°05'E.) is entered be-
coast and is fringed by a reef which extends about 0.3 mile tween Ross Island and Dundas Point, about 1.8 miles SSW. Ross
from its NE side. Island, 82.6m high, is connected to Smith Island by a sandy spit
Delgarno Island (13°25'N., 93°06'E.), about 61m high, lies
9.24 and is almost entirely surrounded by a drying reef. Dundas
0.8 mile SSW of Excelsior Island and has a clear sandy beach Point, sharp and rocky, is fronted by a drying reef which extends
on its NW side and mangroves on its E and S sides. A reef ex- about 0.2m NNE from its extremity. The point rises to a height
tends about 0.4 mile S from the island. of 124m about 0.4 mile S of its extremity. Hand Peak, 219m
Both islands are fairly steep-to on their W sides, but foul
9.24 high, sharp and wooded, lies 2.8 miles WSW of the same point.
ground extends about 1 mile SE from Excelsior Island and the A 184m peak lies 1 mile SW of Dundas Point.
same distance E from Delgarno Island. Seaward of the foul There are considerable depths in the entrance and within the
9.26

ground, irregular depths extend about 1.3 miles E of Excelsior harbor. The W part of the harbor is very shallow, but a narrow
Island and 1.8 miles E of Delgarno Island. channel leads between Wharf Island and South Island and then
SW into Blair Bay, a shallow extensive backwater.
9.25 North Passage Reef (13°26'N., 93°06'E.), which Shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve, extends almost
9.26

dries about 2.4m, lies about 0.5 mile W of Excelsior Island. 0.5 mile E, and a little over 0.3 mile S from Ross Island. North
The passage between this reef and Tree Islet, almost 0.5 mile to Reef, which dries 2.4m, lies about 0.3 mile SE of the island. A
the W, is clear of dangers. 5m patch lies close SE of the reef.
Mushroom Reef and Table Reef lie about 0.2 mile apart, 1.8
9.25 A shoal, with a least depth of 6.9m, lies 0.8 mile ENE of
9.26

miles E of the S end of Delgarno Island. Both reefs dry and are Dundas Point.
usually visible. South Reef, which dries 2.4m, lies about 0.4 mile E; Middle
9.26

South Passage Reef, which dries, lies in the passage between

9.25 Rock, 0.6m high, lies the same distance SSE of Dundas Point.
the Table Islands and North Andaman Island. A shoal spit ex- Depths of 6.4m and 12.3m lie about 1.3 miles and 1.8 miles,
9.26

tends about 0.4 mile ESE from the reef. Vessels using this pas- respectively, S of Dundas Point. A 1.2m shoal lies about 1 mile
sage should pass W of this reef. S of the same point. Shoals, with depths of 5 to 9.6m, lie be-
Vessels passing E of the Table Islands should not shoal to
9.25 tween Middle Rock and the 6.4m patch.
depths of less than 36.6m. Minerva Bay (13°19'N., 93°04'E.) is entered between Hood
9.26

From Tree Point (13°23'N., 93°05'E.), the coast extends 1.8

9.25 Point and Perseverance Point, about 1.8 miles NW. A bank, as
miles SW to the entrance of Thoroughfare Creek. This boat defined by the 20m curve, extends 0.8 mile SE from the latter
channel separates Smith Island from North Andaman Island point, about halfway across the bay entrance. A rocky shoal,

Pub. 173
304 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

with depths of 10.5 to 16.5m, lies near the outer edge of this all directions and are prolonged in spurs up to the entrance
bank. A 14.1m patch lies almost 0.8 mile NW of Hood Point. points of the numerous bays that indent the island. The con-
A depth of 11.4m lies about 0.3 mile WNW of the same point. spicuous summit of Sound Island is 147m high and lies 1 mile
Brush Islet (13°17'N., 93°04'E.), a reef-fringed islet about
9.26 WSW of Simpson Point.
6.1m high to the tops of the trees, lies almost in mid-channel Stewart Sound is of great extent and contains the principal
9.28

about 1 mile SW of Hood Point. A spit, with shallow depths, port of North Andaman Island. Several lumber camps and set-
extends 1 mile W from the islet. A lighted beacon lies on the tlements are found around the shores of the sound.
NW side of Brush Islet. Austen Strait (12°54'N., 92°53'E.), which separates North
9.28

Andaman Island and Middle Andaman Island, has its E en-

9.27 Atalanta Bay (13°16'N., 93°04'E.) is entered between trance at the head of a shallow bay on the S side of Stewart
Dundas Point and Barkely Point, about 1.3 miles WNW. A Sound.
shoal area, with depths of 2.3 to 11m, lies in the middle of the Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set N on the rising
9.28

bay. A 9.6m patch lies 0.4 mile E of Barkely Point. tide and S on the falling tide. They attain a spring rate of 1.5
Ariel Bay is shallow and lies about 1.3 miles W of Barkely
9.27 knots in the narrow parts of the sound. The N current attains a
Point. An L-shaped jetty extends 0.2m N, then NE from Kopi rate of 0.3 knot, and the S current a rate of 2 knots, S of Comp
Point, the E entrance point of the bay. In 1983, works were in Bay, a small bight on the N side of the N entrance. The tidal
progress close SW of Kopi Point. currents close N of Takla Oyster Point set SW on the rising tide
Chatham Island (13°19'N., 93°02'E.), 61m high near its S
9.27 and NE on the falling tide. During the strength of the South-
end and 58m high near its N end, lies about 1 mile W of Perse- west Monsoon, the SW current is very weak, but the NE cur-
verance Point. rent attains a rate of 2 knots.
Jungle Island (13°20'N., 93°03'E.), small and low, lies in
9.27 Sound Island (12°58'N., 92°59'E.) is an irregular-shaped is-
9.28

the S entrance of Thoroughfare Creek, about 1 mile N of Perse- land lying in the entrance of Stewart Sound. Above and below-
verance Point. North Island, 93m high to the tops of the trees, water rocks extend about 0.5 mile NE from Simpson Point, the
lies 1 mile W of Jungle Island. Wharf Island and South Island NE end of the island. Mitchell Point, the SE extremity of the is-
lie within 0.5 mile W of North Island. Shoal patches, with a land, is fringed by a drying reef that extends 0.3 mile SSW
least depth of 6.9m, lie between North Island and Chatham Is- from it. Square Rock, 4.3m high and prominent, lies on the W
land. side of the outer part of the reef. A lighted beacon lies on
Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorage
9.27 Square Rock.
can be taken in the entrance of Atalanta Bay. The best anchor- Jones Point, the SW extremity of Sound Island, is fringed by
9.28

age lies NE of Chatham Island, in depths of 11 to 14.6m, mud, a drying reef on which there is a ridge of rocks extending 0.4
about midway between the S end of that island and Jungle Is- mile S to SE. A rock, that dries 2.4m, lies near the end of this
land. Anchorage can also be taken, in depths of 21.9 to 23.8m, ridge.
about 1 mile NW of Brush Islet.
Directions.—Vessels entering Port Cornwallis should keep
9.27 9.29 Stewart Sound—North entrance.—The N entrance
Brush Island bearing 287° and in line with South Point, the S end of the sound lies between Cadell Point and Simpson Point. Elf-
of Chatham Island. When the NE end of the latter island bears in Patch, which lies near the middle of the entrance, has a depth
313° and is in line with the SW end of Wharf Island, course of less than 1.8m near its center. Morland Rock, which dries
should be altered to that bearing. When abeam of Perseverance 2.4m, lies about 0.4 mile SW of Cadell Point. Shoal ground,
Point, course can be altered to the N for the anchorage. with a least depth of 4.6m near its outer end, extends about 0.3
The coast, between Dundas Point and Cadell Point, about 15
9.27 mile SSE from the rock.
miles to the S, is not well charted. Craggy Island, which lies Oliver Island (13°00'N., 93°00'E.), 59m high, lies 1 mile W
9.29

about 3 miles S of Dundas Point, is joined to the mainland by a of Simpson Point. There are considerable depths in the channel
reef. Small vessels with local knowledge can obtain good an- between it and Sound Island.
chorage off the S side of this reef. Sunk Reef (13°00'N., 92°59'E.), which dries 0.6m and
9.29

Saddle North Peak and Saddle Hill, both prominent, lie in-
9.27 which has a 5.5m patch on its NW side, lies 0.8 mile NW of
land along this section of coast. Both have been previously de- Oliver Island.
scribed in paragraph 9.11. A group of drying rocks lie about 1 mile W of Oliver Island.
9.29

An area of shoal ground extends about 0.3 mile SW from the

Stewart Sound group.
Oyster Island (12°59'N., 92°59'E.), 1.2m high, lies 0.8 mile
9.29

9.28 Stewart Sound (12°54'N., 93°00'E.), which contains WSW of Oliver Island.
several bays and inlets within its limits, lies within Sound Is- Stewart Island (13°01'N., 92°56'E.), which lies in a shallow
9.29

land between Cadell Point and Cape Vestal, about 11 miles bay on the NW side of the sound, is covered with jungle
SSW. The hills surrounding the sound are covered with dense growth. A drying mudbank joins the NW side of the island
jungle. White Mountain, 361m high and prominent, lies 2 with North Andaman Island.
miles WSW of Cape Vestal at the N end of the E coastal range Marsack Shoals (12°57'N., 92°57'E.) consist of two small
9.29

of Middle Andaman Island. Ray Hill, a conspicuous cone- patches that lie close together at the S end of the channel, be-
shaped hill 135m high, lies 5.7 miles SW of Cadell Point. The tween Sound Island and North Andaman Island. The E patch
hill serves as a good mark for vessels approaching the S en- has a least depth of 5.9m and the W patch a least depth of
trance of the sound. Ridges of high land span Sound Island in 2.7m.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 305

9.30 Stewart Sound—South entrance.—The S entrance Vessels proceeding to the anchorage in Bacon Bay should
9.31

of the sound lies between Mitchell Point and Cape Vestal, pass about 0.8 mile off Square Rock, keeping Orchid Island
about 5 miles SSW. Five Fathom Patch, a fairly large shoal bearing 284° until the summit of Aves Island bears 135°. Then
with depths of 9.1 to 16.5m, lies about in the middle of the S a course of 315°, with Aves Island astern, leads into Bacon
entrance. Convict Patch, with depths of less than 5.5m, lies 1 Bay, passing midway between Orchid Island and Brown Point.
mile N of Cape Vestal. Some rocks, with depths of less than This course passes over the previously-mentioned 13.2m patch.
1.8m, lie on the shoal. A 11m shoal lies about 2 miles ENE of When the summit of Ray Hill bears 050°, course can be altered
the same point. for the anchorage at the head of the bay.
Aves Island (12°55'N., 92°57'E.), 63m high and conspicu-
9.30 Vessels coming from the S should keep Ray Hill bearing
9.31

ous, lies about 2 miles SW of Sound Island. A drying reef con- 322° until Orchid Island is seen about midway between Aves
nects the island to Aves Point to the WSW. Island and Jones Point, bearing 287°. The directions given
Takla Oyster Point (12°55'N., 92°55'E.), about 1.5 miles
9.30 above can then be followed.
WNW of Aves Point, is the N end of a promontory which Mayabandar Settlement (12°56'N., 92°55'E.) lies on the
9.31

forms the E side of a shallow bay. The E entrance of Austen NW side of Takla Oyster Point.
Strait lies at the head of this bay. The local district administrator resides in a conspicuous
9.31

A shoal, with a least depth of 3.2m, lies almost 0.5 mile E of

9.30 white house with a red roof on the NE side of the point. Two
Takla Oyster Point. conspicuous high trees lie about 0.3 mile S of the house and the
Berkeley Island Group (12°56'N., 92°54'E.) consists of Or-
9.30 ruins of a sawmill lie on the NW side of the point.
chid Island, Curlew Island, Egg Island, and Dottrel Island, A short wooden jetty, with a depth of 2.4m alongside its
9.31

which lie in the approach to Bacon Bay to the W and NW of head, extends from the NW side of Takla Oyster Point. In
Takla Oyster Point. All except Dottrel Island are identifiable 1985, the jetty was extended 57m NE.
from abeam of Square Rock. Several prominent trees, some
wooden huts, together with a red-roofed bungalow on its NE Middle Andaman Island and Baratang Island—
side, makes Curlew Island identifiable. East Coasts
A shoal, having a depth of 12.8m, lies almost 0.3 mile S of
9.30

the S end of Orchid Island. A rock, which uncovers 2.1m, lies 9.32 The coast between Cape Vestal and Cape Strachan,
0.3 mile E of Curlew Island. A shoal, with depths of 7.8 to about 9 miles SSE, is high and clear of off-lying dangers. The
14.6m, extends about 0.6 mile NW from the NW end of Orchid latter projection forms the N entrance point of Culhbert Bay.
Island. Mount Diavolo, 512m high, lies about 3.5 miles W of the same
point. Between Culhbert Bay and Coxon Point, about 13 miles
9.31 Bacon Bay (12°57'N., 92°54'E.) is entered between to the S, the coast continues to be high.
Brown Point and Orchid Island, about 0.3 mile WSW. The bay Rangat Bay (12°29'N., 92°58'E.) is entered between Coxon
9.32

is sheltered from all winds and its E part is clear of all dangers Point and Johns Point, about 0.8 mile to the S. Both points are
up to within 0.2 mile of the shore. A detached 13.2m patch lies bold headlands.
about midway between Brown Point and Orchid Point. A shoal, with a depth of 7.3m near its outer end, extends
9.32

Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in suitable depths in

9.31 about 2.3 miles E from Coxon Point. The inner part of this
any part of Steward Sound. Anchorage can be taken in Bacon shoal has several detached heads, with depths which range
Bay in all seasons. from 3 to 4.9. A rock, which dries 1.2m, lies among these
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 14.6 to 16.5m, almost 1
9.31 heads about 0.8 mile ENE of Coxon Point. An obstruction lies
mile N of Oliver Island and in the channel between Sound Is- in the middle of the entrance to the bay in position
land and North Andaman Island, about 2 miles N of Jones 12°28”50.4'”N, 92°57'30.6''E.
Point. These anchorages are partially open to the NE. A drying reef extends about 0.5 mile SE from Johns Point.
9.32

Vessels calling at Mayabandar Settlement, on the NW side of

9.31 Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 6.4 to 9.1m, midway
9.32

Takla Oyster Point, can anchor, in a depth of 18.3m, mud, with between the entrance points of Rangat Bay. Local knowledge is
Egg Island bearing 272°, distant 0.5 mile and the S point of Or- required because the depths shoal rapidly within the entrance
chid Island bearing 023°. Ample depths are available for an- points.
choring elsewhere in this vicinity. Small vessels with local Between Johns Point and a 117m promontory on Baratang
9.32

knowledge can anchor farther W of Dottrel Island but caution Island, about 17 miles SSW, the coast is bordered by numerous
is advised. islands and dangers and indented by many bays. Between the
Ample depths are available for anchoring at the head of Ba-
9.31 promontory and North Point, the SE end of Baratang Island,
con Bay, or about 0.4 mile off the E shore. about 9 miles SW, the coast is indented by many reef fringed
Directions.—Vessels coming from the N and intending to
9.31 bays and backed inland by hilly terrain. North Point forms the
enter by the S entrance, should pass about 0.8 mile off Square N side of the S entrance of Andaman Strait.
Rock and then steer for Orchid Island on a course of 284°. Long Island (12°24'N., 92°57'E.) densely wooded and
9.32

Vessels proceeding to the anchorage off Mayabandar Settle-

9.31 fringed by shoal ground, lies about 2.5 miles SSW of Johns
ment should proceed as directed above until Egg Island bears Point. Its W coast is joined to Middle Andaman Island by a
272°, and then alter course to this bearing which will lead to shallow flat.
the anchorage. Egg Island should not be brought to bear more Long Island is the N of a chain of islands, reefs, and other
9.32

than 272°, until well clear of the 3.2m patch E of Takla Oyster dangers which extend S for about 15 miles from a position
Point. about 2.5 miles S of Johns Point. The islands are separated

Pub. 173
306 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

from each other, and from Middle Andaman Island and Island and Guitar Island to the jetties on the SW side of the for-
Baratang Island, by fairly narrow shoal channels. Small vessels mer island. A narrow channel, with depths of 6.4 to 12.8m,
with local knowledge can find shelter in some of these bays. leads NNW to the entrance of several shallow creeks that lead
Elphinstone Harbor, which provides sheltered anchorage, lies into the interior of Middle Andaman Island.
close to the E entrance of Homfray Strait, which separates
Middle Andaman Island and Baratang Island. 9.34 Homfray Strait (12°15'N., 92°52'E.), an intricate
Guitar Island (12°21'N., 92°55'E.) lies about 0.8 mile SSW
9.32 rocky channel connecting Elphinstone Harbor with Port An-
of Long Island and is joined to Middle Andaman Island by a son, separates Middle Andaman Island from the Baratang Is-
shallow flat. Cape Dalrymple forms the S end of an islet, 75m lands. Depths in the fairway are not less than 5m, except near
high, which lies close S of Guitar Island. Round Island lies the E entrance where the depths over the bar is very shallow.
about 183m W of the SW end of Guitar Island. The channel between North Passage Island and Strait Island
9.34

A shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.8 mile SSE
9.32 is shallow and foul.
of Cape Dalrymple. A detached patch, with a least depth of The channel between North Passage Island and Colebrooke
9.34

7.6m, lies about 1 mile SSE of the same cape. Island is about 0.5 mile wide and has depths of 5.5 to 18.3m.
Nancowry Ledge (12°20'N., 92°56'E.), which has depths of
9.32 Small vessels with local knowledge can use this passage which
less than 1.8m, lies about 1.3 miles E of Cape Dalrymple. is obstructed in places by reefs and shoals.
Colebrooke Passage (12°13'N., 92°53'E.) is 0.2 mile wide
9.34

9.33 Anderson Rock (12°26'N., 92°59'E.), which dries with depths of 7.3 to 18.3m. Its N part is shallow.
0.3m, lies 1 mile E of the N end of Long Island. Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor about 0.3 mile SW of the
9.34

Campbell Shoal (12°25'N., 93°04'E.) lies about 6 miles

9.33 previously-mentioned jetty, in a depth of 8.2m, but the swing-
ESE of the N end of Long Island and has a least depth of 5.5m, ing room is restricted.
rock. It lies on the E side of an irregular bank about 2.8 miles Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 23.8m, good holding
9.34

long and 1.3 miles wide, which has depths which range 16.5 to ground, about 10.3 miles W of Cross Point.
36.6m. A sheltered anchorage with good holding ground can be tak-
9.34

Headlam Patch (12°24'N., 92°59'E.), with a least depth of

9.33 en, in a depth of 15.5m, near the S end of Colebrooke Passage,
3.7m, lies about 2.5 miles SSE of the N end of Long Island. with Cape Union in line bearing 065° with the center of Middle
Depths of 5.5 to 16.5m surround this danger. Button Island.
An extensive shoal, with a depth of 4.6m near its SW end
9.33 Caution.—A depth of 3.2m lies a little over 1 mile W of
9.34

and a depth of 8.2m near its NE end, lies between 5.3 and 7.8 Cape Union; a 5m patch lies about 0.8 mile SW of the same
miles E of Cape Smith, the S end of Long Island. A detached cape.
shoal, about 1 mile in extend, lies with its shallowest depth of
3.7m, about 6.3 miles ESE of Cape Smith. 9.35 Anchorage can be taken in Rogolochang Bay
Osmaston Shoal (12°21'N., 92°58'E.), with a least depth of
9.33 (12°09'N., 92°50'E.), in depths of 7.3 to 9.1m, about 4 miles
3m, lies about 1.8 miles E of Cape Smith. SSW of the S entrance of Colebrooke Passage.
North Passage Island (12°16'N., 92°56'E.), irregular in
9.33 A lumber camp, with a sawmill and a small wood shop, lies
9.35

shape, high, and wooded, lies 3 miles S of Long Island. Cape on the SW side of Long Island about 0.8 mile WNW of Cape
Portman is the NE extremity of the island. The E side of the is- Smith. A wooden jetty, with reported depths of 2.4 to 3m
land is fronted by dangerous foul ground which extends up to 2 alongside, extends from the shore about 0.4 mile N of the
miles offshore. Balfour Reef extends about 1 mile N from the camp. A trolley connects the two.
NW end of the island. Merk Bay, which lies between Balfour Elphinstone Harbour (12°18'N., 92°54'E.), which is
9.35

Reef and the promontory to the E, has depths of 18.3 to 27.4m. formed by the N part of the channel which separates North Pas-
Strait Island (12°13'N., 92°56'E.) lies about 0.8 mile SSE of
9.33 sage Island from the E side of Baratang Island, is entered be-
North Passage Island. The intervening passage between the tween Cape Dalrymple and Cape Portman, about 1.8 miles SE.
two is foul. The N and E sides of Strait Island are fringed by The 118m hill, which lies on the N entrance point of Homfray
reefs. Shoals and foul ground, with depths of less than 1.6m, Strait about 2 miles WSW of Cape Dalrymple, is a useful
extend up to 1.3 miles E of the island. Shoals, with depths of 3 mark. A prominent tree lies on Guitar Island. Depths in the en-
to 4.9m, extend about 0.5 mile SSW from Cross Point, the S trance range from 7.9 to 25.6m, decreasing gradually to depths
end of the island. A 8.7m shoal lies 2.5 miles ENE of the same of 6.1 to 18.3m within the harbor. Numerous shoals and reefs
point. obstruct the inner harbor, the positions of which can best be
A light is shown on the W side and at the S end of Strait Is-
9.33 seen on the chart.
land, close N of Cross Point. Mills Passage (12°15'N., 92°55'E.), between the S part of
9.35

Colebrooke Island (12°14'N., 92°54'E.), of irregular shape

9.33 North Passage Island and Colebrooke Island, has a least width
and densely wooded, lies close W of the SW part of North Pas- of 0.5 mile and depths of 5.5 to 18.3m. Numerous shoals and
sage Island. reefs obstruct the passage which can only be used by small
Tidal currents in the channel between Long Island and Gui-
9.33 craft with local knowledge.
tar Island, in the approach to Elphinstone Harbor, and at the Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 18.3m, good holding
9.35

various anchorages are weak. They become somewhat stron- ground, about 0.3 mile off the coast of North Passage Island,
ger, however, after consistent E winds. Strong tidal currents with the NW point of that island bearing 029°, distant 0.5 mile.
and eddies are experienced in Homfray Strait. Diligent Strait (12°10'N., 92°57'E.) lies between North But-
9.35

A channel, with depths of 6.4 to 36.6m, leads between Long

9.33 ton Island, Middle Button Island, and the Strait Islands to the

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 307

NW, and Outram Island, South Button Island, and the Wilson ily wooded.
Islands to the SE. Outram Island (12°15'N., 93°06'E.), the N island of the
9.37

Depths in the fairway of the strait range from 8.5 to 53m.

9.35 group, is reef-fringed on all except its W side and contains
The shallowest depth of 8.5 lies about 1.8 miles E of the S end Outram Harbor in a deep indentation along its N coast. Some
of Strait Island and a 9.8m patch lies about 0.5 mile farther E. low rocks lie on the reefs which fringe West Point, the W en-
trance point of the harbor. Shoal ground extends 0.8 mile NE
9.36 North Button Island (12°19'N., 93°05'E.), 48m high from this point, and 0.6 mile NNE from East Point, the E en-
and reef-fringed, lies 7.5 miles E of the NE end of North Pas- trance point of the harbor.
sage Island. Low, irregular cliffs lie at its E end. The W end of Outram Harbor (12°15'N., 93°06'E.) provides good shelter
9.37

the island descends abruptly to a tree-covered sand spit. from S winds. Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor,
Shoals, as defined by the 10m curve, extend about 1 mile E and in a depth of 18.3m, near the middle of the harbor, with the N
0.3 mile W from the island. The N side is clear of dangers, but end of Middle Button Island in line bearing 290° with West
the bottom is rocky. The E and W ends of the island should be Point.
given a wide berth when passing. A light is shown on the NW Charka Juru, the strait separating Outram Island from Henry
9.37

side of North Button Island. Lawrence Island to the S, has considerable depths throughout
Anchorage can be taken by small vessels with local knowl-
9.36 its length. Shoal ground extends about 0.8 mile S from South
edge close off the reef on the S side of the island. Point, the S end of Outram Island. Once this shoal has been
Middle Button Island (12°17'N., 93°02'E.), 50m high, lies
9.36 cleared, a mid-channel course will lead through the strait.
about 3 miles SW of North Button Island. The N end is cliffy, The W side of Henry Lawrence Island rises steeply to a ridge
9.37

but the SW point terminates in a short sandspit with a few low about 137m high. A narrow reef fringes the island.
rocks off it. Shoals, with depths of 8.2m, extend about 1.5 miles Kwangtung Strait (12°06'N., 93°04'E.), the channel be-
9.37

NNE from the N end of the island. A rocky ridge and shoal tween Henry Lawrence Island and John Lawrence Island, has
ground extends about the same distance SW from the island. A considerable depths in the fairway. The drying reefs which
light is shown on the NE side of Middle Button Island. fringe both shores are usually visible.
Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor S of Middle
9.36 Rocky Heads lie about 0.5 mile N of Briton Point, the N end
9.37

Button Island clear of the shoals. of John Lawrence Island. Shoals and foul ground extend 1.5
Outram Island, 3.5 miles S of North Button Island, will be
9.36 miles NW from the NW coast of the island.
described under the Ritchie's Archipelago in paragraph 9.37. Wilson Island (12°08'N., 92°59'E.) lies W of the N part of
9.37

South Button Island (12°13'N., 93°02'E.), about 3 miles S

9.36 John Lawrence Island and is separated from it by a narrow
of Middle Button Island, is 36m high and formed of large channel. Round Hill, which rises about 1 mile within the NW
steep-to rocks on all sides. A rocky head, with a depth of point of Wilson Island, is 216m high. Foul ground, marked by
10.1m, lies about 1 mile E and coral patch, with a depth of numerous coral heads, extends from the NW point of Wilson
3.2m, lies about 1 mile SE of the island. A light is shown from Island to Briton Point on John Lawrence Island.
South Button Island. Nicholson Island (12°06'N., 92°58'E.), separated from Wil-
9.37

Two Fathoms Rock (12°10'N., 92°58'E.) lies about 4.8

9.36 son Island by a channel about 1 mile wide, rises to a height of
miles SW of South Button Island. 97m in its N part. The W side of the island is fringed by prom-
Directions.—Vessels approaching from the N should shape
9.36 inent steep-to white reefs. A reef extends about 0.3 mile S from
course, from a position about 2 miles E of North Button Island, the S end of the island. A shoal, with a depth of 3.2m, lies close
to pass about 0.5 mile NW of South Button Island. When that S of this reef.
island bears about 135°, course should be altered to the S until Sir William Peel Island (12°05'N., 93°00'E.), low and bor-
9.37

the S side of the island is in line bearing 055° with the NW ex- dered by dense mangroves, lies 0.5 mile E of Nicholson Island.
tremity of Outram Island. This range should be kept on that The intervening channel is available only to small craft with lo-
bearing astern until the N point of Nicholson Island is seen cal knowledge. The channel between this island and Wilson Is-
open W of the W end of Wilson Island, bearing about 192°. land to the N is narrow and foul.
Course can then be altered to pass about 1.5 miles W of the lat- Havelock Island is the largest of the Ritchie's Archipelago.
ter island. There is an L-shaped jetty, with a dolphin close SE of its head,
Vessels approaching from the S side should steer for Strait
9.36 situated at Jetty Point, the NE extremity of the island; there is a
Island until the S side of South Button Island is in line bearing depth of 5.2m at its head.
055° with the NW extremity of Outram Island. This range
should be steered until the E end of Middle Button Island bears 9.38 Tadma Juru (12°03'N., 92°59'E.), narrow and deep,
022°. Course should then be altered to pass NW of South But- separates Sir William Peel Island from Havelock Island to the
ton Island and midway between Middle Island and North But- S. Both sides of the channel are fringed by shoals which ex-
ton Island, and Outram Island. tends up to 0.2 mile offshore in places. A detached patch lies
on the S side of the channel, about 0.5 mile E of Stowe Point
The Ritchie's Archipelago the N end of Havelock Island. Stowe Point is marked by a bea-
con. Yulutang, a conspicuous hill 167m high, lies 2.8 miles SE
9.37 The Ritchie's Archipelago (12°03'N., 93°02'E.) con- of the point.
sists of ten islands lying between the parallels of 12°16'N. and Rosamund Shoal (12°04'N., 92°58'E.), a narrow coral ledge
9.38

11°47'N, with the N end of the group being separated from almost awash, lies about 0.5 mile N of the N end of Havelock
Baratang Island by Diligence Strait. All of the islands are heav- Island. The ledge is difficult to make out.

Pub. 173
308 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

Directions.—Vessels approaching Tadma Juru from the W,

9.38 from Pilot Reef.
should pass S of Rosamund Shoal on a 090° course. When Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken in Tadma Bay, shel-
9.39

about 0.2 mile from the SW coast of Sir William Peel Island, tered from all except S winds.
course should be altered to 123°, maintaining a mid-channel Directions.—Vessels approaching Tadma Bay from the S
9.39

course. When close to the E entrance of the strait, course and E can clear Pilot Reef and the foul ground E of Havelock
should be altered to 073° toward the reef fringing the SW coast Island by bringing the W extremity of Sir Hugh Rose Island
of John Lawrence Island. This steep-to reef is usually visible. bearing 173°, and just open E of the E extremity of Neill Is-
When close to the edge of this reef, course should be altered to land. When the extremity of the reef extending S from Runny-
147°, which leads along the W edge of the reef and then E of mede Point is seen, course can be shaped to the NW into
Pilot Reef, which lies 1 mile S of the S end of John Lawrence Tadma Bay.
Island.
Between Stowe Point and Doone Point, about 3.8 miles SW,
9.38 9.40 Minerva Ledge (12°04'N., 93°09'E.), a detached
the W coast of Havelock Island is slightly indented by an open rocky ledge with a least depth of 6.9m, lies about 4.5 miles
reef-fringed bight. Anchorage can be taken off Jalebar, about ESE of Wreck Point. It lies near the outer edge of a bank, as
2.3 miles SSW of Stowe Point. defined by the 40m curve, that extends about 5 miles E from
Between Doone Point and the S end of Havelock Island,
9.38 the S end of Henry Lawrence Island.
about 9.8 miles SE, the coastal reef extends up to 0.5 mile off- Vibart Shoal (11°59'N., 93°08'E.), narrow and steep-to on
9.40

shore. Havelock, 1.3 miles SE of Doone Point, is a conspicu- its E side, lies centered about 6.3 miles SE of Runnymede
ous hill, 164m high, at the W end of a bay. White cliffs, about Point. Depths over this shoal range from 16.4 to 18.3m.
27m high, line the S end of the island. Sail Rock, 6.1m high, Fusilier Channel (Nancowry Strait) (11°52'N., 93°03'E.),
9.40

lies close off the S end of the island and appears as a sail on between Havelock Island and Neill Island to the S, has depths
some bearings. of as little as 14m in the fairway. A small coral patch, with a
The N side of Outram Island and Charka Juru, the channel
9.38 least depth of 10.4m, lies in the W part of the strait about 0.8
separating it from Henry Lawrence Island, have been previous- mile N of the NW end of Neill Island. Vessels should pass N of
ly described in paragraph 9.37. this danger.
The E coast of Outram Island is fringed by a reef which ex-
9.38 Neill Island (11°50'N., 93°03'E.) rises to a height of 101m at
9.40

tends up to 0.3 mile offshore. As previously stated, coral heads Nipple Hill, the conspicuous NE end of the island. White cliffs
and foul ground extend about 0.8 mile S from the S end of Out- border the seaward face of this end of the island. A rock, 10m
ram Island. high, lies about 91m off this point. Some detached patches,
The E coast of Henry Lawrence Island is low, irregular, and
9.38 with depths of less than 5m, lie off the N coast. Neill Island
bordered by dense mangroves. Reefs extend up to 1 mile off- Pier projects NE between drying reefs on the N side of the is-
shore in places. A densely-wooded islet lies on this reef about land and is marked at its root by a flagstaff. Murugan Temple,
4 miles S of the S end of Outram Island. 13m high and conspicuous, lies 0.1 mile SW of the pier. A reef
extends up to 0.5 mile off the S end of the island and is usually
9.39 Inglis Island (12°08'N., 93°07'E.) lies about 0.8 mile marked by heavily breaking seas. The S point of the W coast of
E of the wooded islet and is fringed by a drying reef on all ex- Neill Island is formed by dark cliffs about 12.2m high.
cept its NW side. This reef extends up to 0.5 mile off the NE Sir Hugh Rose Island (11°47'N., 93°05'E.), the S island of
9.40

coast, where it terminates in two rocks, each about 1.2m high. the Ritchie’s Archipelago group, lies about 2 miles SE of Neill
Small portions of the N and S points of the island have been Island and is densely wooded. The NW side of the island rises
detached by the action of the sea and appear as islets at high to a height of 73m. Some prominent yellow cliffs, about 24m
tide. high, border the NE point of the island.
Inglis Shoals (12°06'N., 93°08'E.), two detached coral
9.39 The island has been reported to be a good radar target up to
9.40

patches with depths of 6.9m and 8.7m, lie about 0.8 mile S and 14 miles.
1.8 miles SSE of the S end of Inglis Island. Several patches, with depths of 7.8 to 10.0m, lie in Arthur
9.40

During NE winds, sheltered anchorage can be taken, in a

9.39 Channel between Neill Island and Sir Hugh Rose Island. Ves-
depth of 12.8m, off a sandy bay, close NW of Wreck Point, the sels are advised not to use this channel because the bottom is
S extremity of Henry Lawrence Island. very uneven.
Tadma Bay (12°03'N., 93°02'E.) lies W of Runnymede
9.39 Deep-draft vessels passing SW of Sir Hugh Rose Island
9.40

Point, the S end of John Lawrence Island, and between it and should avoid a bank, with depths of 13.8 to 16.4m, which lies
Sir William Peel Island. It forms the S entrance of Paranga Ju- between 1.5 and 2.5 miles SW of the island.
ru, a narrow channel separating the two islands. It also forms
the E entrance of Tadma Juru, which has been previously de- 9.41 Andaman Strait (12°04'N., 92°47'E.), referring to
scribed in paragraph 9.38. the E entrance of that strait, lies between North Point, a 76m
Pilot Reef (12°01'N., 93°02'E.), about 1 mile S of Runny-
9.39 promontory forming the SE extremity of Baratang Island, and
mede Point, has a least depth of 2.7m. A narrow coral reef, as South Point, the NE extremity of South Andaman Island, about
defined by the 10m curve, extends about 1 mile S from Pilot 2 miles SSW. From the 76m promontory the coast extends
Reef. about 1.8 miles WSW to Entrance Hill, the N point of the inner
Havelock Island, S of Sir William Peel Island, is reef-
9.39 entrance of the strait. This 30m high conical hill is conspicu-
fringed. Foul ground extends up to 1.3 miles E from its NE ous.
coast to within a short distance of the ridge which extends S Andaman Strait Light is shown from the summit on North
9.41

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 309

Point. A two-pronged pinnacle rock, with a least depth of 5m, lies

9.42

The general width of the strait ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 mile,
9.41 on the S side of the approach to Port Meadows about 0.7 mile
but narrows to a width of 73m in places. SE of the summit of Duncan Island. A dangerous wreck,
The strait has moderate depths, except for two ridges which
9.41 marked by a buoy, lies on this rock.
span the strait, and over which the least depth is 5.5m. A bar, The Patch, a shoal with a least depth of 7.3m, lies about 0.8
9.42

over which there are depths of 3.3 to 3.9m, obstructs the en- mile ESE of Cape Persain.
trance from a position about 0.5 mile NE of Entrance Hill and Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 16.5 to
9.42

South Point. The navigable width of the bar is about 183m. A 18.3m, about 0.2 mile W of the W point of Duncan Island. An-
vessel with a draft of 4m has passed through the strait. The bot- chorage can also be taken, in a depth of 14.6m, in the center of
tom throughout is of mud and sand. the SW part of the harbor, about 0.6 mile W of Cape Persain.
A small isolated, rocky ledge topped by a 4m high prominent
9.41 Directions.—Vessels should keep Cape Persain bearing
9.42

rock on it, lies about 0.5 mile SE of the 76m promontory. A de- 276° until the E end of Duncan Island is in line bearing 012°
tached shoal, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.5 mile S with Wedge Point. A course of about 292° then leads in mid-
of the promontory. channel through the entrance. When Wedge Rock becomes vis-
A coral reef, which dries in places, extends up to 0.5 mile
9.41 ible, course can be altered to 000° for the E anchorage, or to
offshore between North Point and Entrance Hill. 260° for the previously-mentioned W anchorage.
A ledge of drying coral extends almost 0.5 mile NE from
9.41 A jetty extends from the W side of the promontory, about 0.3
9.42

South Point. The coast between this point, and the S point of mile W of Cape Persain. A lumber camp lies near the inner end
the inner entrance of the strait about 1.5 miles W, is bordered of the jetty.
by foul ground which extends up to 0.3 mile offshore. The coast between Cape Persian and Point Crawley, about
9.42

Orol Kaicha (12°11'N., 92°46'E.), a small island which lies

9.41 0.8 mile S, and then to Kotara Point, about 1.5 miles farther
about midway between the E and W entrance of the strait, can SW, is fringed by a drying reef which extends about 0.5 mile
be passed on either side but the E side is preferred. offshore. Some drying rocks lie on this reef.
Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, mud,
9.41 Kotara Anchorage (11°59'N., 92°45'E.) lies between Ko-
9.42

about 1.3 miles NNE of South Point. tara Point and the N side of Kyd Island, about 0.8 mile to the S.
The coast between South Point and Wedge Point, about 1.5
9.41 This island is 237m high and rounded.
miles to the S, is fringed by a drying reef that extends almost A least depth of 6.4m exists in the fairway, with depths of 8.2
9.42

0.3 mile offshore. to 14.6m being found in the entrance.

Smyth Rock (12°03'N., 92°48'E.), the outermost danger off
9.41 Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 6.4 to 7.3m, mud,
9.42

this section of coast, lies about 1 mile E of South Point and has about 0.5 mile SW of Kotara Point. Small vessels with local
a least depth of 3.3m. knowledge can anchor, in depths of 7.3 to 8.2m, mud, in the
Whitehouse Rock, which has a least depth of 3.6m, lies 1
9.41 outer part of an inlet about 1.5 miles W of Kotara Point.
mile E of Wedge Point. A shoal, with a least depth of 1.2m, lies Shoal Bay (11°56'N., 92°47'E.) entered between the SE side
9.42

midway between this rock and the point. of Kyd Island and Cape Masy, about 1.5 miles to the SE, is
A rock, barely above water, lies 0.5 mile SE of South Point.
9.41 shoal over most of its area.
Rocks, which dry up to 1.2m, lie about 0.4 mile N and 0.3 mile Depths of 6.4m are found in the narrow entrance channel de-
9.42

NNE of Wedge Point. creasing to a depth of 5.5m about 1.5 miles within the entrance
Wedge Rock, 8.5m high and prominent, lies close S of
9.41 and to a depth of 1.8m at the entrance of Shoal Bay Creek.
Wedge Point. The coast between Cape Masy and North Point, about 14.5
9.42

Port Meadows (12°01'N., 92°46'E.) is entered between

9.41 miles to the S, is bold and free from dangers. The land rises to
Wedge Point and Cape Persain, a little over 1 mile SW. The form a broken ridge which parallels the coast at a distance of
shores of the port are reef fringed and the low land is covered about 2 miles. Mount Koyob, a peak which rises to a height of
with mangroves. Cape Persain is the NE extremity of a fairly 459m, lies 6.8 miles N of North Point.
high hill which lies on a promontory separated from the coast
by mangroves. Port Blair (11°41'N., 92°45'E.)
9.42 Duncan Island (12°01'N., 92°47'E.), 90m high and World Port Index No. 49720
densely wooded, is connected to the shore W of Wedge Point
by a drying shoal. 9.43 Port Blair is entered between North Point and South
The entrance channel, which lies between Duncan Island and
9.42 Point, about 2.3 miles to the S. The port consists of an inlet 4
Cape Persain has a least depth of 20.1m. miles long which is entered through two channels, one on each
The E and S sides of Duncan Island are fringed by above-
9.42 side of Ross Island. The port is divided into an exposed outer
water and sunken rocks which extend up to 183m offshore. A harbor and a landlocked inner harbor. The port is the headquar-
prominent 5.5m high rock lies close off the SW side of the is- ters of the Chief Commissioner, who is representative of the In-
land. A drying rock lies 137m SW of this rock. dian Government for the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar
The E side of the promontory forming Cape Persain is front-
9.42 Islands. The principal administrative offices lie at the village of
ed by a drying reef that extends about 0.4 mile offshore. This Aberdeen on the S side of the harbor about 1 mile WNW of
reef only extends about 183m offshore, E and N of Cape Per- South Point. The port officer also resides at Aberdeen. Port
sain. Some drying rocks lie on the reef. Blair is the site of an Indian Naval Base, but has little commer-
A detached 4.5m patch lies about 0.2 mile E of Cape Persain.
9.42 cial importance.

Pub. 173
310 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

Winds—Weather.—Port Blair has a mean temperature of

9.43 Regulations.—Vessels should send an ETA message 24
9.43

28°C. hours in advance to Port Blair Port Radio, stating:

Tides—Currents.—The currents in Port Blair are weak and
9.43 1. Vessel name.
are affected by the prevailing winds. The rates rarely exceed 1 2. Port of departure.
knot. During the Northeast Monsoon, the current sets S and 3. Destination.
during the Southwest Monsoon it sets between N and E. Heavy 4. ETA.
seas and swells occur in the outer harbor during the Northeast 5. Length, beam, maximum draft, and gross tons.
Monsoon. The inner harbor is sheltered and experiences no sea 6. Speed.
or swell. The mean range of the tide is 1.4m and the spring 7. Number of people on board suffering from dangerous
range is 2m. or contagious diseases, if any.
Depths—Limitations.—Considerable depths exist in the N
9.43 8. Type and quantity of cargo.
entrance channel between North Point and Ross Island. A 4m 9. Agent’s name and requirements, if any.
shoal lies in this channel about 0.4 mile ESE of Atalanta Point. Vessels should make VHF contact with the port when within
9.43

Depths of over 18.3m exist in the outer harbor and depths of

9.43 15 miles of the port.
5.5 to 27.4m exist in the inner harbor. Foreign vessels may not enter the territorial waters of the
9.43

Depths at the anchorages range from 12.8 to 16.5m. Depths

9.43 Andaman and Nicobar Islands without obtaining permission
alongside the berths range from 2.1 to 5.8m. An examination from the Government of India and the Andaman and Nicobar
anchorage area is shown on the chart. Administration. All foreign vessels, including yachts, intending
Range beacons, best seen on the chart, lie S of Blair Reef
9.43 to enter Port Blair must contact Port Blair Port Radio giving the
and NE of Ranger Flat. vessel’s position, course, speed, and other particulars. After
Berthing details can be found in the accompanying table ti-
9.43 entering the Exclusive Economic Zone, vessels must report the
tled Port Blair—Berth Information. nationality of all passengers and crew at 0230.
Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 200 nrt.
9.43 Contact Information.—See the table titled Port Blair—
9.43

The pilot boards 0.75 mile N of Ross Island. Contact Information.

Port Blair—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Chatham Terminal
Chathnam Jetty 218m — 157m 9.0m 26.2m 24,838 dwt Breakbulk and bunkers.
South Phoenix Bay Terminal
Fast ferries, breakbulk, and
No 01 130m 4.0m 178m — 25.3m 28,840 dwt
bunkers.
No 02 113m 5.0m — — — — Closed. Fast ferries.
No 03 110m 5.0m — — — — Closed. Fast ferries.
Fast ferries, breakbulk, and
No 04 180m — 40.4m — 10.8m 168 dwt
bunkers.
No 05 100m — — — — — Closed. Fast ferries. Continuous
No 06 100m — — — — — berthing length of 200m.
Junglighat Terminal
Upper Pier 120m — — 4.0m — — Closed. Fast ferries.
Middle Pier 120m — — 4.0m — — Closed. Fast ferries.
Lower Pier 120m — — 4.0m — — Closed. Fast ferries.
Phoenix Bay Terminal
T-Jetty — 5.0m — — — — Closed.
Haddo Wharf
Clean products, cruise vessels,
ro-ro passengers/vehicles/rail,
Haddo Wharf 695m 9.9m 183m 9.0m 32.2m 47,791 dwt
containers, breakbulk, multipur-
pose, and bunkers.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 311

Port Blair—Berth Information

Maximum Vessel
Berth Length Depth Remarks
LOA Draft Beam Size
Hope Town Wharf
LPG, breakbulk, multipurpose,
Hope Town Quay 200m 10.0m — 9.0m — —
and bunkers.

Port Blair—Contact Information an elevation of 45m on the highest part of the island about 1.5
miles SSE of North Point. A dark stone building with battle-
Port ments, about 17m high, lies on the N end of the island.
Call sign Port Blair Port Control A power transmission line has been established between the
9.44

SW coast of Viper Island and a pile SW of Tapping Point.

VHF VHF channels 10, 12, and 16 A reef fringes the island on all except a small part of its W
9.44

91-3192-233-674 side. A shoal as defined by the 5m curve, extends about 0.3

Telephone mile NW from the NW end of the island.
91-3192-221-949
Storm signals are displayed from the lighthouse on the NE
9.44

Facsimile 91-3192-233-674 corner of the above-mentioned dark stone building.

The following objects on the S side of the outer part of the
Port Authority
9.44

harbor are conspicuous:

Call sign 91-3192-233-079 1. The mast and tower on Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point).
VHF 91-3192-237-804 2. A temple 0.8 mile S of Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point).
3. Mount Haughton, 154m high, about 1.5 miles S of At-
Port Radio Station alanta Point.
Call sign Port Blair Port Radio 4. Flagstaff Hill, with an elevation of 122m, a little over
1 mile SSW of Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point).
Radio 6224 kHz and 8294 kHz
91-3192-233-683 9.45 Port Blair—North shore.—North Point (11°42'N.,
Telephone 92°46'E.) is bordered by shoal ground, as defined by the 10m
91-3192-221-929 curve, which extends almost 0.3 mile S from it.
Facsimile 91-3192-233-683 North Bay, entered between North Point and Perseverance
9.45

Point, almost 1 mile SW, extends about 1 mile inland and is

E-mail portblairportradio@rediffmail.com
bordered on its W and N side by foul ground. Mount Harrier,
Pilots about 1.8 miles NW of North Point, rises steeply to a height of
365m. Some buildings lie close to its summit.
Call sign Pilot Station
Semiramis Bay (11°42'N., 92°44'E.), small and deep, is en-
9.45

VHF VHF channels 10, 12, and 16 tered between Lime Kilns Point and Command Point, almost 1
91-3192-237-804 mile WNW. Hope Town Jetty extends from the head of the bay.
Telephone Command Point is 4m high; a light is shown from a white con-
91-3192-221-885 crete tower, 6m high, on the point. A beacon lies 91m N of the
Facsimile 91-3192-237-804 light.
Command Bay lies on the W side of Command Point. The
9.45

settlement of Hope Town lies at the head of the bay. The wharf
Signals.—Storm signals are displayed at the light station on
9.43

at Hope Town is 130m long, with an alongside least depth of

Ross Island; the Indian General System is used. Further infor-
8.4m.
mation on these storm signals may be found in Pub. 160, Sail-
Shore Point, the W entrance point of Bamboo Flat Bay, lies
ing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and
9.45

Indian Ocean under “India—Signals.” about 1 mile W of Command Point. Some buildings lie at the
head of the bay. A small jetty extends from the shore in the
Caution.—A submarine exercise/firing practice area is lo-
9.43

NW corner of the bay. The W shore of the bay is fringed by

cated 35 miles SSE of Port Blair. Two wrecks are located with-
shoal ground which extends about 0.3 mile offshore.
in this area 30 miles SSE of Port Blair. A good lookout should
be exercised in this vicinity. A submarine cable, best seen on
9.46 Port Blair—South shore.—Sesostris Bay (11°40'N.,
the chart, extends from close S of Port Blair and continuing NE
92°46'E.) is entered between South Point and Atalanta Point
to Havelock Island.
(Atlanta Point), about 0.8 mile NW. The bay is almost com-
pletely fouled by reefs and shoals. A 4.9m patch lies on a line
9.44 Ross Island (11°41'N., 92°46'E.) divides the entrance
joining the entrance points, about 0.3 mile SSE of Atalanta
of Port Blair into a N channel and a S channel. The island is
Point.
roughly triangular in shape and lies about 0.4 mile NE of South
Sesostris Shoal (11°39'N., 92°01'E.), which consists of two
Point. The former residence of the Chief Commissioner lies at
coral patches with depths of 2.4m, lies about 1 mile S of the S

Pub. 173
312 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

end of Ross Island. A 5.7m patch lies close NE of the E end lanta Point (Atlanta Point) bearing about 313°, in line with the
and a 8.5m patch lies close S of the W end of Sesostris Shoal. light on Command Point. The rear beacon should not be con-
Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point) (11°40'N., 92°45'E.) is locat-
9.46 fused with the beacon situated on the extremity of Command
ed 0.8 mile W of Ross Island; the point is fringed by a reef ex- Point. When South Point bears 163°, the course can be altered
tending 137m offshore. N to keep the point astern on that bearing. When the N extrem-
Phoenix Bay (11°40'N., 92°45'E.) is entered between Phoenix
9.46 ity of Ross Island bears 090°, the course can be altered NW to
Point, about 0.8 mile W of Atalanta Point (Atlanta Point), and an pass midway between Blair Reef and Perseverance Point, and
unnamed point about 0.4 mile to the W. Blair Reef, marked by then as directed above.
some drying rocks, extends about 0.4 mile ENE from the latter Vessels bound for the anchorage W of Ross Island should
9.47

point. A 5.2m patch lies about 183m ESE of the outer extremity approach the S entrance channel as directed above. When
of Blair Reef. A lighted beacon stands 0.2 mile E of the group of South Point bears 185°, the course should be altered N and the
islets close E of the drying extremity of Blair Reef. A conspicu- point kept on that bearing astern, which leads to the anchorage.
ous building lies on the W shore of Phoenix Bay. Numerous
wrecks lie in the S part of the bay. 9.48 The E coast of South Andaman, between South Point
Blair Point (11°41'N., 92°44'E.), about 0.4 mile WNW of
9.46 and Chirigatapu, about 11.5 miles SSW, is bold and deep, with
the W entrance point of Phoenix Bay, is fringed by a reef the 185m curve lying about 2.5 miles offshore. Sesostris Shoal,
which extends about 0.1 mile offshore. A prominent 78m hill the only coastal danger, has been previously described in para-
lies S of the point. graph 9.46.
Chatham Island (11°41'N., 92°44'E.), about 0.3 mile N of
9.46 Chirigatapu (11°29'N., 92°43'E.), the S end of South Anda-
9.48

Blair Point, is connected to it by a conspicuous causeway. man Island and the NE entrance point of Macpherson Strait, is
Some buildings and a conspicuous chimney lie on the island. a prominent bare promontory with some caves at its base. A
rock, 0.3m high, lies about 0.5 mile W of the point; vessels
9.47 Port Blair—Inner port.—From Chatham Island, the should not pass between this rock and the point.
coast extends SW to Hood Point and then S to Navy Point, Portman Bay (11°25'N., 92°41'E.), which is open to heavy
forming the E side of the inner harbor. swells during the Northeast Monsoon, indents the E coast of
A conspicuous radio mast and a house lie about 0.7 mile E of
9.47 Rutland Island. The head of the bay is shallow.
Navy Point. Navy Bay lies between Navy Point and Lewis Rocks, both above and below-water, extend some distance
9.48

Point almost 1 mile SSW. An extensive pier has been con- off the S coast of Rutland Island. This coast should be given a
structed on the E end of Navy Bay. berth of 1.5 miles when passing.
Mangrove Bay (11°41'N., 92°43'E.), which is entered be-
9.47 Investigator Rock, which lies off the W end of the S coast of
9.48

tween Shore Point and Dundas Point, lies directly opposite Rutland Island, has been previously described in paragraph
Hood Point. This shoal bay dries in its inner part. A conspicu- 9.23.
ous white tree lies on the W side of the bay, about 0.8 mile W
of Shore Point. Islands, Dangers, and Passages between Rutland
Ranger Flat (11°41'N., 92°43'E.), having depths of less than Island and Little Andaman Island
5.5m, extends about 0.5 mile SSE and 0.5 mile E from Shore
Point. A 4.3m rocky patch lies almost 0.5 mile S of Shore 9.49 Manners Strait (11°20'N., 92°42'E.) lies between the
Point. Black conical buoys are moored 0.5 mile E, 0.4 mile SE, SE coast of Rutland Island and the Cinque Islands, about 3
and 0.5 mile SSW of Shore Point and mark the SE side of the miles SE. A detached shoal, with a least depth of 16.5m, lies
flat. about 4.8 miles W of the N end of North Cinque Island.
The head of the bay S and SW of Dundas Point is shoal and
9.47 A large shoal area, with depths of 11 to 18.3m, lies with its
9.49

obstructed by drying flats. shallowest part about 12.5 miles WSW of the N end of North
Anchorage.—Sheltered anchorage can be taken, in depths
9.47 Cinque Island.
of 11 to 12.8m, mud, about 0.5 mile WSW of Chatham Island, Depths in the strait, seaward of the fringing dangers, range
9.49

with the NW extremity of that island bearing 068°. from 22 to 75m.

Small vessels can anchor W of Ross Island, in depths of 14.6
9.47 A shoal with a depth of 5.5m, the existence of which is
9.49

to 16.5m, sand, between 0.1 and 0.2 mile SW of the NW end of doubtful, has been reported to lie 6 miles SSW from Rutland
Ross Island. This is a fair weather anchorage. Light on the S of the island.
Anchorage is prohibited in the vicinity of submarine cables
9.47 The Cinque Islands (11°17'N., 92°43'E.) are two hilly is-
9.49

which extend from Ross Island to the mainland and between lands which are almost joined by a rocky ledge that dries 2.1m.
Hood Point and Dundas Point. Two summits, 154 and 145m high, form a saddle near the N
Directions.—Vessels entering Port Blair by way of the N
9.47 end of North Cinque Island. A small conical bare hill, 89m
channel should pass about 0.5 mile N of Ross Island, and then high, lies near the S end of the island. A promontory projects
about 0.3 mile S of Perseverance Point. Shore Point, bearing WNW from this hill.
less than 293° and open the E end of Chatham Island, leads N North Clique Island Light is shown from its N summit.
9.49

of Blair Reef. A mid-channel course between Chatham Island South Cinque Island, 166m high, has a 117m high conical
9.49

and Command Point should then be steered. The NW end of hill near its S end.
Chatham Island should be rounded at a distance of about 183m Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 12.8 to 18.3m, coral
9.49

and course altered to 237° which leads to the anchorage. and sand, W of the drying ledge which almost joins the two is-
Vessels from S using the S entrance channel should keep At-
9.47 lands, with the W point of North Cinque Island bearing 349°.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 313

Small vessels can anchor off the W side of the South Cinque age. A strong ebb sometimes flows out of the creek.
Island, in a depth of 23.8m, with the conical hill at its S end Jackson Creek (10°48'N., 92°24'E.), which lies about 9
9.51

bearing 168°, distant 1 mile. miles SW of Bumila Creek, can be identified by a conspicuous
Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies approximately 1.7 mile
9.49 square clump of trees near the bank which falls abruptly to the
SE of South Cinque Island. waters edge. A reef appears to extend 0.8 mile N from the W
Passage Island (11°11'N., 92°41'E.), 85m high at its N end
9.49 entrance point of the bay into which the creek discharges.
but low at its S end, lies 3.3 miles SSW of South Cinque Island. Anchorage has been reported available, in a depth of 13.7m,
9.51

A detached rock, 1.8m high, lies about 0.3 mile N of Passage about 1 mile NNW of the entrance of the creek. Some promi-
Island. A shoal, with a least depth of 11m, lies 2 miles WSW of nent, cliffy islands lie in the NE part of the bay.
the end of Passage Island. During spring tides, overfalls form The coast, between Jackson Creek and Sandy Point, the SW
9.51

over this shoal. Small patches, with depths of 14.6 to 18.3m, lie end of Little Andaman Island about 16 miles to the S, appears
S and NE of this shoal. to be fringed by a reef. The coast close S of the creek is cliffy.
The channel between South Cinque Island and Passage Is-
9.49 A conspicuous sandy patch lies about 2 miles S of the W en-
9.51

land is deep and clear, although tide rips occur during spring trance point of the creek. A rocky reef extends about 1 mile
tides. WSW from Sandy Point.
A light is shown from a round concrete tower 6 miles E of
9.51

9.50 The Sisters (11°09'N., 92°44'E.), two small islets, lie Sandy Point.
close together about 3.5 miles SE of Passage Island. A ledge Api Island (10°39'N., 92°23'E.), a good landmark, lies close
connects the islets and a partly drying spit extends about 0.8 offshore about 9 miles S of Jackson Creek.
mile NW from this ledge. East Sister Island is 76m high and A drying reef extends almost 0.8 mile offshore from the SE
9.51

West Sister Island is 70.7m high. extremity of Little Andaman Island.

Duncan Passage (11°04'N., 92°40'E.) lies between The Sis-
9.50 The NE coast of Little Andaman Island has not been closely
9.51

ters and North Brother Island, about 10 miles SSW, and is the examined. Hut Bay indents the SE coast of the island SE of its
main channel between Little Andaman Island and Rutland Is- summit.
land. Depths in the fairway range from 21.9 to 36.6m. Hut Bay (10°36'N., 92°35'E.) is an open bight on the E side
9.51

Shoal ground, with depths of 5 to 18.3m, lies between 2

9.50 of Little Andaman Island. Landing can be made through a gap
miles WNW and 3 miles NE of the N end of North Brother Is- in the reef close S of the village of Kwate-tu-Kwage. The Deep
land. A 12.3m patch lies about 1.5 miles E of the island. Water Wharf is 225m long, with an alongside depth of 11m.
Patches, having depths of less than 18.3m, lie between 3.3
9.50 The wharf is protected by a breakwater about 0.7 mile long.
and 6.5 miles WNW, through 7.3 miles NNW of the N point of Both the wharf and the breakwater were undergoing major ren-
North Brother Island. ovation in 2007. Clearance for entering the harbor can be ob-
The Brothers (10°59'N., 92°40'E.), two small flat-topped is- tained from port control on VHF channel 16.
lands, each 27m high, lie 10 and 14.5 miles SSW of The Sis-
ters. Each island is marked by trees and has a lagoon in the 9.52 Ten Degree Channel (10°22'N., 92°30'E.), which lies
middle part. North Brother Island is fringed by a reef which ex- between Little Andaman Island and the Car Nicobar, about 77
tends 1.8 miles WNW from it. miles to the S, is deep and clear. A depth of 7.3m was reported
Foul unsurveyed ground lies between the two islands. Lee-
9.50 (1977) to lie 4 miles S of Sandy Point, the SW point of Little
board Ledge, a detached shoal, lies about midway between the Andaman Island.
two islands. Foul ground extends about 5 miles WNW and 1.5 South Sentinel Island (paragraph 9.8) lies NW of Little An-
9.52

to 2 miles NNW from South Brother Island. In the latter direc- daman Island; Dalrymple Bank (paragraph 9.7) lies SW of Lit-
tion, the foul ground terminates in a reef, awash, which usually tle Andaman Island.
breaks. A reef lies SE of the island. A rock, awash, lies about 8 Invisible Bank (paragraph 9.7), Barren Island (paragraph
9.52

miles WNW of South Brother Island. 9.9), and Narcondam Island (paragraph 9.8), which lie E of the
Andaman Islands, have also been previously described.
9.51 Little Andaman Island (10°42'N., 92°31'E.), the S
island of the Andaman group, lies almost 28 miles S of Rutland The Nicobar Islands
Island. The island appears almost level from a distance, but ris-
es gradually to a 183m summit near its center. The island is 9.53 Car Nicobar Island (9°15'N., 92°46'E.), the N island
well-wooded. of the group, lies about 77 miles SSE of Little Andaman Island.
The passage between Little Andaman Island and South
9.51 The island is densely wooded, mostly coconut trees.
Brother Island has not been closely examined and should be The island has been reported to be a good radar target up to
9.53

avoided. 14 miles.
The low N side of Little Andaman Island is indented by Bu-
9.51 Sawai Bay (9°14'N., 92°45'E.) indents the NW coast, be-
9.53

mila Creek, which is difficult to make out until close off the en- tween Keating Point and Hog Point, about 3.5 miles to SW.
trance. A breaking reef extends almost across the entrance. Foul ground extends 1 mile N from Keating Point and 0.5 mile
Anchorage for small vessels with local knowledge can be
9.51 N from Hog Point. Sawai Village lies 0.5 mile SE of Hog
taken about 0.4 mile N of the creek entrance, in a depth of Point.
14.6m, coral, with the entrance bearing 158°. This anchorage The tidal currents off Sawai Bay set NE on the flood tide.
9.53

should be approached from the NW because the depths to the An observation spot lies on a small promontory that extends
9.53

NE are irregular. The tidal currents set E and SE at the anchor- WNW from the coast about 1 mile S of Keating Point. Keating

Pub. 173
314 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

Point Light is shown from a round metal tower on the point; a The channels between the groups of islands and between the
9.55

racon and a radio beacon transmit from the tower. individual islands have irregular depths, but are for the most
A coral patch, with a least depth of 10.1m, was reported to
9.53 part deep and clear of dangers.
lie about 0.7 mile NW of the observation spot. A 9.1m patch
lies 0.8 mile WNW of the same spot. The Nicobar Islands—North Group
Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 21.9m, rock and coral
9.53

over a thin layer of sand, about 0.8 mile N of Sawai Village. 9.56 Car Nicobar Island, the N island of the group, has
Anchorage can also be taken in similar depths just over 1 mile been previously described in paragraph 9.53.
W of the observation spot. Small vessels with local knowledge Batti Malv Island (8°50'N., 92°51'E.), which lies about 17
9.56

can anchor closer inshore off the observation spot. miles SSE of Car Nicobar, appears wedge-shaped from the off-
Arong Village (9°09'N., 92°43'E.) lies 3 miles S of Hog
9.53 ing. This very small island rises to a densely wooded peak
Point. Anchorage can be taken about 0.5 mile W of the village, about 73m high. The NW end of the island is low, but rocky
in depths of 16.5 to 20.1m. Vessels should approach the an- cliffs lie on the other sides. Reefs appear to extend 0.5 mile off
chorage with the village bearing 090°. the NW, SW, and SE sides of the island. The 40m curve sur-
rounding the island lies up to 5 miles SE and 2.8 miles N of the
9.54 Kimois Bay (9°07'N., 92°46'E.) is a slight indentation island. A light is shown from a metal framework tower, 12m
on the S side of the island. Kimois Village, fronted by a beach, high, on the N side of Batti Malv.
lies close W of a well-defined entrance of a creek. A village Batti Malv Island has been reported to be a good radar target
9.56

lies close E of this entrance. A reef is reported to lie about 0.2 up to 11 miles. A wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 4 miles
mile offshore. WSW.
The tidal currents set ESE on the flood at a rate of 3 knots at
9.54 Chowra Island (8°27'N., 93°04'E.), which lies about 24
9.56

springs and in the opposite direction on the ebb. Small vessels miles SSE of Batti Malv Island, is generally low but rises to a
with local knowledge can anchor, in depths of 18.3 to 21.9m, 104.5m high rocky pinnacle at its S end. The island looks like a
about midway between the two villages. hat from seaward. Sanenya, the principal village, lies on the
Kakana (9°07'N., 92°48'E.), a small village, lies about 2
9.54 NE coast. Chowra Island has been reported to be a good radar
miles SW of the SE end of Car Nicobar. target up to 23 miles.
Mus (9°14'N., 92°47'E.), the principal village on the island
9.54 Reefs extend about 1.5 miles from the NW side of the island.
9.56

and the residence of the Assistant Commissioner, lies 0.8 mile A shoal, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies between 2.5 miles NW
SE of Keating Point. The village lies at the head of a small in- and 4 miles NNW of the N point of Chowra Island. Depths of
let. 16.5 to 18.3m are found between the shoal and the island reef.
Vessels can anchor about 0.7 mile NE of Mus, in a depth of
9.54 Anchorage can be taken, in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, abreast
9.56

16m, with Keating Point Light bearing 278°. Vessels may drag of Sanenya Village.
anchor because of the strong currents at springs.
Malacca Village (9°10'N., 92°49'E.) lies on the S side of a
9.54 9.57 Tillanchang Dwip (8°31'N., 93°38'E.) lies with Cape
small bight, about 6 miles SE of Keating Point. A small mason- Winifred, its S end, about 34 miles E of Chowra Island. Maha-
ry jetty, which dries completely at LW, serves as a good land- rani Peak, the highest of several peaks forming a jagged ridge
mark. Two groups of beehive-shaped huts stand close N and S along the length of the island, lies in the center of the island
of the jetty and lie out clearly in contrast to the jungle. A con- and attains an elevation of 244m. Tillanchang Dwip has been
spicuous two-story house, painted white and green with a red reported to be a good radar target up to 17 miles.
roof, stands about 0.3 mile SSE of the jetty. A beacon stands Paira Rock (8°35'N., 93°36'E.), 86m high, lies 0.5 mile
9.57

close SE of the two-story house. Two flagstaffs stand near the NNW of Cape Maud, the N extremity of the island. Several de-
jetty; two more stand in the village. tached rocks lie up to 1 mile off the W side of the island. Praia
A dangerous reef extends offshore close N of the jetty.
9.54 Rock has been reported to be a good radar target up to 19
Stranded wrecks lie on this reef within 0.3 mile N and S of the miles.
jetty head. Isle of Man (8°24'N., 93°39'E.), a detached rock, 111m
9.57

high, lies about 2.8 miles SE of Cape Winifred. A chain of nee-

9.55 The Nicobar Islands extend about 160 miles SSE dle-like rocks lie between this rock and the cape.
from Car Nicobar, the N island of the group. These islands are An unexamined detached shoal, with a least depth of 20.1m,
9.57

a dependency of the Andaman Islands and are administered by lies about 9.5 miles SW of Cape Winifred.
the Assistant Commissioner who resides at Mus, Car Nicobar. Castle Bay (8°27'N., 93°38'E.), which lies on the SE coast
The islands range from hilly and undulating to mountainous of the island about 2 miles N of Cape Winifred, is deep and
and volcanic. There are few rivers. clear in its central part.
The Nicobar Islands are usually divided into three groups.
9.55 A rock, awash, lies about 0.3 mile S of Castle Bay Point, the
9.57

The N group consists of Car Nicobar and Batti Malv Island. N entrance point of the bay. Foul ground, with depths of less
The S group consists of Great Nicobar Island and Little Nico- than 9.1m, extends about 0.2 mile S from the rock. A danger-
bar Island, together with their off-lying islets. The central ous wreck lies in shoal water about 0.3 mile SSW of Castle
group includes all the remaining islands of the Nicobar Islands. Bay Point.
Nancowry Harbor, between the islands of Camorta, Nancowry, During fair weather, anchorage can be taken, in depths of
9.57

and Trinkat, is perhaps the most important and best sheltered 25.6 to 27.4m, with Castle Bay Point bearing 062°, distant
harbor. about 0.5 mile.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 315

9.58 Teressa Island (Tarasa Dwip) (8°18'N., 93°07'E.), 2 to 3 miles offshore. The S current attains a rate of 0.8 to 1.3
roughly crescent-shaped and low in its central part, lies 6.5 knots. At neaps, the N current attains a rate of 0.8 to 1.3 knots
miles SE of Chowra Island. It appears as two separate islands and the S current a rate of 0.3 to 0.8 knot.
from the offing. The N end of the island is 250m high. Hinam At springs, tide rips frequently occur at various places all
9.59

Village lies 4.5 miles SSE of the N summit and is only visible along the coast at variable distances offshore.
from seaward on a NE bearing. Laksi Village, which consists The W coast of Camorta Island, between Horace Point and
9.59

of some huts amongst the trees, lies 4 miles SE of Hinam Vil- Kaihoa Village, almost 3.8 miles SW, is reef-fringed up to 0.5
lage. The village is hard to identify from seaward. Bengala Vil- mile offshore. From the village the coast extends SW for 1.3
lage lies on the E side of the island about 2 miles S of its NE miles and then S for 7.5 miles to Cave Point, the N entrance
extremity. Karawa Village lies 3.5 miles farther S. point of Expedition Harbor. Dring Harbor, which is available
Reefs extend over 1 mile from the N and S ends of the island,
9.58 only to boats, is entered 2.3 miles N of Cave Point.
but less off the W coast. A 22m shoal lies about 6.5 miles NW of Cave Point.
9.59

Anchorage can be taken by small vessels with local knowl-

9.58 The coast, between Satellite Point, the S entrance point of
9.59

edge close off Hinam Village, in depths of 11 to 25.6m. Small Expedition Harbor, and Reef Point, the S extremity of the is-
vessels can also anchor, in a depth of 25.6m, coral and coarse land, is fringed by a narrow reef. This latter point is the N en-
sand, SSW of Laksi Village, about 0.5 mile seaward of the trance point of the W entrance of Nancowry Harbor.
coastal reef. Perseus Reef (8°10'N., 93°27'E.) extends about 0.8 mile W
9.59

Small vessels with local knowledge sometimes anchor, in a

9.58 from the NW end of the island. A shoal, as defined by the 20m
depth of 45.7m, about 0.5 mile off Bengala Village, with the curve, extends about 1.8 miles NW from the same point.
NE end of the island bearing 006°, the E end bearing 146°, and
the N end of Bompoka Island bearing 115°. This is a fair 9.60 Sanderson Rock (8°07'N., 93°27'E.), which has a
weather anchorage. least depth of 1.5m, lies about 2.3 miles NW of the entrance of
Teressa Island has been reported to be a good radar target up
9.58 Dring Harbor. The rock lies near the W extremity of a shallow
to 25 miles. shoal that extends 10.3 miles offshore.
Bompoka Island (8°14'N., 93°14'E.) lies 1.8 miles NE of
9.58 A rocky shoal, with a least depth of 8.2m, lies 0.5 mile off-
9.60

the SE tip of Teressa Island and is 204m high. The intervening shore about midway between the entrances of Dring Harbor
channel seaward of the fringing dangers is deep. Poahat Village and Expedition Harbor.
lies on the W side of the island. Temporary anchorage can be taken almost anywhere off the
9.60

Small vessels with local knowledge can anchor about 0.3

9.58 W coast of Camorta Island, N of Exposition Harbor, in depths
mile offshore with the village in range 040° with the N peak of of 18.3 to 36.6m, poor holding ground. Vessels anchoring S of
the island. Seaward of this position the depths decrease rapidly the harbor are advised to anchor in depths of 36.6m.
and caution is advised. Vessels can anchor off Kaihoa Village, in depths of 12.8 to
9.60

16.5m, about 1 mile offshore. Perseus Reef provides no protec-

9.59 Camorta Island (8°09'N., 93°29'E.), separated from tion during the Southwest Monsoon.
Tillanchang Dwip to the NNE by a channel about 12 miles Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 17.4m, off the en-
9.60

wide, is very irregular in shape and hilly. A 52m hill lies close trance of Dring Harbor, about 0.7 mile W of the S entrance
to the NE end of the island; a 186m high hill lies 1 mile N of point, with that point bearing 089° and in line with a 64m hill
the S end of the island. A 132m hill lies at the SE end of a near the head of the harbor. This is considered to be the best
range of hills that extends 4 miles SE from a position 1 mile SE anchorage off this coast, because there is little or no current.
of the NW end of the island. Mount Edgecumbe, a tree-covered From the NE point of Camorta Island, about 1.5 miles E of
9.60

hill 109m high, lies about 4.3 miles N of the S end of the is- Horace Point, the E coast of the island curves SSW and then
land. SSE in a wide curve for about 8.5 miles and then S for 3.5
Several villages and huts lie along the shores of the island.
9.59 miles to Naval Point. A beacon lies about 0.8 mile N of this
The W coast is indented by bays which form Dring Harbor
9.59 point. This point forms the N side of the E entrance of Nan-
and Expedition Harbor. Nancowry Island lies close S of and cowry Harbor. An L-shaped jetty extends from a position close
overlaps the S end of Camorta Island. Nancowry Harbor, a se- WNW of Naval Point, and has a depth of about 11m at its sea-
cure landlocked inlet, lies between them. ward end. A reef extends up to 1 mile offshore along this entire
The NE coast of Camorta Island has not been closely exam-
9.59 stretch of coast except off Moshoit Village, where it lies only
ined. The SE side of the island is separated from Trinkat Island 0.3 mile off. The village lies about 4 miles SSW of the NE
by Beresford Channel. The E entrance of Nancowry Harbor point of the island. This coastal reef is easily seen under favor-
lies between the SE end of Camorta Island and the NE end of able light conditions.
Nancowry Island. The approach to this entrance leads through Caution is necessary when approaching this coast between
9.60

Beresford Channel. the NE end of Camorta Island and the N entrance of Beresford
A coral bank, with depths of 25.6 to 27.4m, lies about 6
9.59 channel, because this area has not been closely examined.
miles ENE of Horace Point, the N extremity of Camorta Island. Trinkat Island (8°05'N., 93°35'E.), which lies between 1.5
9.60

Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents off the E coast of

9.59 and 2.5 miles E of the S part of Camorta Island, is separated
Camorta Island, between a position about 2 miles WNW of the from that island to the W and NW by False Bay and Beresford
NW end of that island and a position between the entrances of Channel. Trinkat Island is low, level, and covered by coconut
Expedition and Nancowry Harbors, set S on the flood and N on trees. An extensive reef surrounds the island. Morrel Point, the
the ebb. At springs, the N current attains a rate of 3 knots about S end of the island, is marked by a beacon.

Pub. 173
316 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

Beresford Channel (8°07'N., 93°33'E.) is entered from the

9.60 opens out in the entrance and bears 071°, vessels should alter
S through False Bay. Both shores are fronted by reefs and course to this heading taking care to avoid the fringing dangers
shoals that extend almost 0.8 mile offshore. A number of on both sides of the channel. When Devils Point bears 000°,
shoals, with depths of 5.5 to 11m, lie in the middle of the S part course can be altered to the NNE which leads to the recom-
of the channel. The channel on both sides of Middle Reef, mended anchorage.
which lies about 3.5 miles NNW of Morrel Point, is about Vessels not having local knowledge should not proceed
9.61

183m wide. The W channel has depths of 7.6 to 25.6m and the above Devils Point into Grand Harbor until the N end of Mid-
E channel has depths of 5.8 to 20.1m. The area N of Trinkat Is- dle Reef and the SW end of the drying reef fringing Foul Point
land has not been closely examined. are clearly visible.

Expedition Harbor and Grand Harbor Nancowry Harbor (8°01'N., 93°31'E.)

9.61 Expedition Harbor (8°03'N., 93°30'E.) is landlocked World Port Index No. 49740
and, together with Grand Harbor, its extension to the NE, is of
considerable size. A low narrow peninsula separates Expedi- 9.62 Nancowry Harbor lies between the S coast of Camor-
tion Harbor from Nancowry Harbor to the S. The entrance of ta Island and the N coast of Nancowry Island. This spacious,
Expedition Harbor lies between Cave Point and Satellite Point, landlocked harbor is deeply indented by several bays and in-
about 0.3 mile SSE. lets. The harbor can be entered by deep-draft vessels either
The S and E sides of the harbor are indented by coves, and
9.61 through the E or W entrance during either monsoon to take
are fringed by reefs and mangroves. Hoau Village lies about sheltered anchorage. Both entrances are readily identified from
0.3 mile ESE of Edgecumbe Point. The latter point lies a little the offing. The harbor consists of four bays, Satellite Bay and
over 1 mile NE of Satellite Point. The coast from Edgecumbe Fort Bay on the N side, and Wasp Bay and Spiteful Bay on the
Point extends E and N to Edye Point, about 0.9 mile NNE, the S side. Cross Harbor lies between Fort Bay to the N and Spite-
S entrance point of Grand Harbor. ful Bay to the S.
Wasp Point (8°03'N., 93°29'E.) lies about 0.3 mile SE of
9.61 Nancowry Harbor has been reported to be a good radar target
9.62

Cave Point and forms the inner entrance point of the harbor. up to 25 miles.
The coast from Wasp Point extends NNE for 0.7 mile to Devils Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set E on the flood and
9.62

Point, then N and NE for about 1.3 miles to the N entrance W on the ebb. These currents have considerable strength in the
point of Grand Harbor. A conspicuous palm tree lies close N of entrances, but are very weak within the harbor. Between Man
this point. Point and Indian Point the currents are very strong on both
Grand Harbor is entered between Edye Point, the N end of
9.61 tides.
the promontory separating Grand Harbor from Expedition Har- Depths—Limitations.—The depths in the W entrance are
9.62

bor, and a point about 0.3 mile to the N. The harbor is about 2 over 18.3m and the depths in the E entrance range from 11 to
miles long in a N and S direction. Two creeks indent the E 42m. A depth of 22m exists in the three recommended anchor-
shore. The bay at the N of the harbor is foul. age areas.
Depths—Limitations.—Coral patches, which dry 1.2m, lie
9.61 Although providing excellent shelter for all types of vessels,
9.62

0.2 mile SSE of Cave Point. the harbor has few facilities. The residence of the Government
A channel, about 91m wide and having depths of over
9.61 Agent lies about 0.3 mile WNW of Naval Point.
18.3m, forms the inner entrance of Expedition Harbor, between A stone jetty, 119m long, with wooden extension projecting
9.62

the reefs fringing Wasp Point and Satellite Point. The channel about 100m SW and W from its head, lies about 0.3 mile
passes about 91m N of the latter point. WNW of Naval Point. There are depths of about 11m at the
Middle Reef, an extensive drying shoal, lies in the middle of
9.61 outer end of the jetty. The approach to the jetty requires much
the fairway, abreast of Devils Point. A channel, about 183m attention as there are shoals and rocks in the vicinity.
wide and having depths of 12.4m, leads between the SE end of A wooden jetty, 72m long and 6.1m wide, extends in a W di-
9.62

Middle Reef and the reef fringing Edgecumbe Point. rection from the shore about 0.2 mile SSW of Mayo Point.
A drying reef extends 0.2 mile SE from Foul Point, about 0.5
9.61 The W entrance of the harbor lies between Reef Point and
9.62

mile NE of Devils Point. A channel, about 183m wide with a Man Point on the N side and Burleigh Rock and Indian Point
least depth of 23.8m, leads between the SW end of this reef and on the S side. The latter point, which forms the NW extremity
the N end of Middle Reef. of Nancowry Island, lies NE of Burleigh Rock. The W en-
Grand Harbor has depths of 7.3 to 14.6m in its middle part.
9.61 trance can be identified by vessels up to 5 miles offshore by the
Foul ground extends up to 0.3 mile off the salient points. trend of the coast inland to form its S side. Reef Point can be
Anchorage.—Vessels can anchor, in 18.3m, mud, with Dev-
9.61 identified by a white mark on it and would otherwise be very
ils Point bearing 340°, distant 0.3 mile. Vessels intending to difficult to identify. This mark cannot be relied on. Man Point
stay are advised to use Nancowry Harbor, because of the is also difficult to identify. There is a least depth of 11.9m in
swarms of mosquitoes which infest this anchorage. the fairway of the entrance which is about 183m between the
Directions.—Vessels wishing to enter Expedition Harbor
9.61 dangers on each side.
are advised to wait until the sun is high, and is possible to enter Northbrook Patch (7°59'N., 93°29'E.), which has a least
9.62

at LW, when all the fringing reefs and dangers are visible. Ves- depth of 3m, lies about 0.3 mile SSW of Reef Point. Shoal
sels approaching from the N or S should keep at least 1 mile off patches lie between this danger and the coast to the W of the
the coast until abeam of the entrance. When Hoare Village point.

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 317

Burleigh Rock, 7.3m high and topped by a wooded summit,

9.62 Point.
is joined to the SE by a reef. Foul ground extends about 137m Satellite Bay (8°02'N., 93°30'E.), which forms the NW part
9.62

NW and 91m N from the rock. A patch, with a depth of 7.6m, of Nancowry Harbor, is entered between Easter Point and Al-
lies 0.2 mile SSW of the rock. fred Point, about 1.3 miles NE. Alfred Point has been reported
The approach to the E entrance lies between Morrel Point,
9.62 to be a good radar target up to 21 miles.
the S extremity of Trinkat Island to the NE, and Laire and Reid A deep channel, about 0.3 mile wide, leads between the W
9.62

Points to the SW. The latter two points lie on the NE coast of side of Alfrey Shoal and the E side of the foul ground, which
Nancowry Island. Trinkat Island is easily distinguished from extends 0.5 mile ENE from Easter Point. Depths of 16.5 to
Camorta Island, which is higher and more open. 31.1m exist in the outer part of the bay.
A disc beacon lies on Reid Point and a similar beacon lies
9.62 Satellite Patch (8°01'N., 93°30'E.), which lies about 0.7
9.62

about 91m NNW of Morrel Point. mile SW of Alfred Point, has a least depth of 4.1m. A 6.4m
The coast between Laire Point and Reid Point is fronted by
9.62 patch lies about 183m S of this patch, and shoal patches, with
an extensive reef which extends up to 0.5 mile offshore. The depths of 5.5 to 11m, lie between Satellite Patch and the coast
edge of this reef, except at HW and on very calm days, is to the N and NW.
marked by breakers. Shoal ground, as defined by the 11m curve, extends 0.3 mile
9.62

A shoal, with a least depth of 4.9m lies on the edge of the

9.62 SSW from Alfred Point and 0.3 mile NW and N from Leda
shore bank, about 0.4 mile ENE of Reid Point. A 9.8m patch Point.
lies near the center of the channel about 0.5 mile NE of the Cross Harbor (8°02'N., 93°32'E.) is entered from the W be-
9.62

same point. tween Alfred and Leda Points and from the E between Naval
Eastern Shoals (8°02'N., 93°34'E.), a large shoal area with
9.62 and Mayo Points. Depths in the harbor area range from 21.9 to
depths of less than 11m, extends from 1 mile SSW to 1 mile 53.1m, mud.
WSW of Morrel Point. Depths of 7.6 and 8.5m lie close within Fort Bay (8°02'N., 93°31'E.), entered between Alfred Point
9.62

the outer edge of Eastern Shoals. and Ray Point about 1 mile ENE, recedes about 0.8 mile NNW.
The dangers N of an imaginary line joining Naval Point and
9.62 The latter point can be identified by two radio masts which lie
Morrel Point have been previously described with Beresford 0.2 mile to the NE. Battery Point, which lies 0.2 mile NW of
Channel in paragraph 9.59. Ray Point, can be identified by a conspicuous clump of casua-
The E entrance of Nancowry Harbor lies between Naval
9.62 rina trees about the same distance to the N. A flag staff lies
Point to the N, and between Reid and Mayo Points to the S. A close NE of Ray Point.
beacon lies on Mayo Point. Depths in the bay range from 14.6 to 23.8m in its central
9.62

Naval Point Light is shown from a structure 0.2 mile S of

9.62 part, shoaling gradually to the coastal reef which fringes its
Naval Point (8°02'N., 93°22'E.). shores. A wreck, with a depth of 14.6m, lies about 0.3 mile W
The entrance channel, which is about 0.2 mile wide between
9.62 of Ray Point.
the fringing dangers on either side, has a least depth of 11m. Spiteful Bay (8°01'N., 93°32'E.), the SE part of Nancowry
9.62

Shoal ground, as defined by the 10m curve, extends up to 0.3

9.62 Harbor, is entered between Mayo Point and Leda Point. A vil-
mile ESE and about 0.3 mile S from Naval Point. lage lies on the E shore of the bay, about 0.3 mile S of Mayo
The shore bank, as defined by the 10m curve, lies between
9.62 Point.
Reid and Mayo Points and extends up to 0.3 mile offshore A 5.5m patch lies about in the middle of the entrance, about
9.62

about midway between them. 0.3 mile ENE of Leda Point.

A detached 7.3m shoal lies 0.3 mile NW of Reid Point, close
9.62 Depths of 16.5 to 23.8m are found in the outer part of the
9.62

off the above bank. bay, shoaling gradually to the drying flats at its head. Shoals on
A white metal beacon with a ball topmark lies about 0.2 mile
9.62 the W side of the bay extend up to 0.3 mile offshore.
S of Naval Point near the edge of the reef. A similar beacon lies Anchorage.—There is an outer anchorage about 1 mile E of
9.62

1 mile N of the same point on the edge of the shore reef. Naval Point (8°02'N., 93°22'E.). The depth is 21.9m and the
Wasp Bay (8°00'N., 93°31'E.), which forms the SW part of holding ground is good. A long scope of chain is advisable as
Nancowry Harbor, lies between the W entrance and an imagi- the squalls off the land are sometimes heavy. The anchorage is
nary line drawn between Easter Point and Leda Point to the otherwise sheltered.
ENE. Itoe Village, which lies on the E shore of the bay about Excellent anchorage is provided in the outer part of Fort Bay,
9.62

0.5 mile S of Leda Point, serves as a good mark. in a depth of 21.9m, mud, with the previously-mentioned con-
Wasp Bay has depths of over 18.3m in its central part, but is
9.62 spicuous clump of trees bearing about 075°, distant 0.3 mile.
fouled by some dangers and irregular depths around its shores. The previously-mentioned wreck should be given a wide berth.
A shoal, with a least depth of 2.4m, lies 0.2 mile offshore
9.62 This anchorage is sheltered and little current is experienced.
about 0.5 mile NNE of Man Point, which lies 0.3 ENE of Reed Anchorage can be taken in the middle of the entrance of
9.62

Point. A shoal, with a least depth of 9.8m, lies about 0.7 mile Spiteful Bay, in a depth of 21.9m. This anchorage is somewhat
NE of the same point. Foul ground, with depths of less than exposed to the sea breezes.
11m, extends 0.3 mile SE and 0.5 mile ENE from Easter Point. Anchorage can be taken in the fairway of the E entrance of
9.62

A drying rock lies in the E part of the bay, a little over 1 mile
9.62 Nancowry Harbor, in convenient depths, on a line joining the
SSW of Leda Point and about 0.3 mile offshore. Shoals, with stone jetty and the village of Mala about 0.2 mile SSW of
depths of 4.9 to 12m, lie between this rock and the shore reef. Mayo Point.
Alfrey Shoal (8°01'N., 93°31'E.), having a depth of 9.7m,
9.62 Directions.—West entrance.—Vessels should approach the
9.62

lies almost in mid-channel, a little over 0.5 mile SW of Leda W entrance from the SW in order to avoid the dangers extending

Pub. 173
318 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

SSW from Reef Point and terminating in Northbrook Patch. The village bearing 256°, distant 0.5 mile. The bay is often visited
conspicuous clump of casuarina trees near Battery Point, mid- by trading vessels.
way between Man and Indian points, bearing about 039°, leads South Bay (7°53'N., 93°24'E.) indents the S coast of the is-
9.63

SE of Northbrook Patch. When Reef Point bears 000°, steer on land close W of its S end. The bay should not be entered be-
that bearing until Burleigh Rock bears 090°. Then gradually alter cause of the rocks and foul ground found within its limits. It
course to the NE, avoiding the foul ground which extends NW has been reported that Cape Albany, the S end of the island,
from Burleigh Rock, and course shaped to pass midway between had extended 0.2 mile farther S then charted.
Man Point and Indian Point. In passing between these points, West Bay (7°55'N., 93°20'E.) deeply indents the W side of
9.63

vessels should have good steerage way as the currents are strong the island and is foul in its inner reaches. It has been reported
and there are many eddies. that a SW swell occasionally sets into the bay during the
After passing Man Point, the course should be altered to
9.62 Northeast Monsoon and that the tidal currents attain a rate of 2
about 051°, and when about 0.8 mile off the village, course knots across the entrance. A light is shown from a concrete
should be altered N, passing close W of Alfrey Shoal and E of tower, 11m high, situated on the N entrance point of West Bay.
the 4.8m shoal, about 0.3 mile W of Alfrey Shoal. Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a depth of 16.5m,
9.63

When Mayo Point bears about 080° and is open N of Leda

9.62 about 1 mile SSW of the NW entrance point. Jansing Bay, a
Point, alter course should be altered E and the radio masts NE small bight three miles NNW of West Bay, also provides good
of Ray Point should be steered for on a course of 055°. This anchorage about 1.5 miles to the NW in depths of 25m.
course leads between the dangers extending from Leda and Al-
fred Points and into Fort Bay where anchorage can be taken as Sombrero Channel
convenient.
East entrance.—Vessels approaching the E entrance should
9.62 9.64 Sombrero Channel (7°41'N., 93°36'E.) separates the
keep Reid Point bearing 281° and in line with Alfred Point. central and S groups of the Nicobar Islands. The channel is 30
This course leads S of Easter Point. When the right tangent of miles wide between Cape Albany and Sombrero Point, the N
Trinkat Island bears 034°, the course should be altered N to extremity of Little Nicobar Island. The depths in the channel
bring Bay Point Beacon to bear 309° and kept on that bearing are irregular, but there is deep water in mid-channel.
which leads NE of the reef fronting the coast between Laire Strong tidal currents set through this channel.
9.64

and Reid Points. A yellow clay patch, with a depth of 21.9m, lies in the W ap-
9.64

When Mayo Point bears 261°, the course should be altered to

9.62 proach to Sombrero Channel about 12 miles WSW of Cape Al-
268° to pass midway between Naval Point and the N shore of bany. Shoal patches may exist in this area.
Nancowry Island, about 0.5 mile S. This track passes 183m S A detached coral bank, with a least depth of 17.1m, extends
9.64

of a shoal with 5.8m of water above, located 0.5 mile SE of Na- up to 12 miles SSW of Cape Albany. Depths elsewhere on this
val Point and 0.2 mile N of another shoal with a depth of 6.7m bank range from 20.1 to 31.1m. This bank has been reported to
on the S side of the entrance. When clear of Mayo Point, alter be extending to the W.
course to the N to clear the spit extending NW from Mayo Miroe Island (7°31'N., 93°32'E.), low and small, lies 10.5
9.64

Point. Anchorage can be taken, as convenient, in Fort Bay. miles WNW of Sombrero Point, the N extremity of Little
Nicobar Island. Miroe Island has been reported to be a good ra-
The Nicobar Islands—Central Group dar target up to 19 miles.
Trak Island (7°28'N., 93°37'E.) lies 5 miles WNW of Som-
9.64

9.63 Katchall Island (7°56'N., 93°22'E.) is separated from brero Point; Treis Island lies 1 mile SE of Trak Island. Both is-
Camorta Island and Nancowry Island to the NE by Revello lands are small, reef-fringed, and surrounded by sunken rocks.
Channel, which is about 3.8 miles wide and apparently free A rock, which has a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about midway
from dangers, except for a detached 12.8m patch which lies between Treis Island and Sombrero Point.
about 4.5 miles NE of the SE end of Katchall Island. The island
is densely wooded and rises to a height of 227m in its central The Nicobar Islands—South Group
part.
Katchall Island has been reported to be a good radar target
9.63 9.65 Little Nicobar Island (7°20'N., 93°42'E.) is densely
up to 18 miles. wooded, with Mount Deoban rising to a height of 413m on the
Depths off the W side of the island are very irregular. Some
9.63 central part, and the Empress Peak rising to 401m on the NE
16.5 to 18.3m patches lie up to 4 miles off this coast. part of the island.
North Bay (8°00'N., 93°21'E.) is fringed by rocky cliffs on
9.63 Little Nicobar Island has been reported to be a good radar
9.65

either side. target up to 23 miles.

East Bay (7°59'N., 93°25'E.), backed by steep cliffs and
9.63 The NW coast between Sombrero Point and Pahua, about 6
9.65

Katchall Peak, indents the NE side of the island. Numerous miles SW and then about 7.5 miles S to Cape Edinburgh, is
rocks and foul ground encumber the bay and lie up to 1.5 miles fringed by a reef which extends up to 0.5 mile offshore.
off its shores. The depths in the bay range from less than 1m to Pulo Milo Island (7°24'N., 93°42'E.) lies about midway be-
9.65

more than 36.6m. A light is shown from a square tower, 24m tween Sombrero Point and Pahua, in the bight formed by these
high, situated on the N entrance point of East Bay. two places. Two 5.5m patches lie in the channel between Pulo
Hoinipoh Bay (7°58'N., 93°26'E.), a slight indentation, lies
9.63 Milo Island and the coast of Little Nicobar Island, about 0.8
close S of the S entrance point of East Bay. Anchorage can be mile ENE and 0.7 mile ESE of the N end of Pulo Milo Island.
taken, in depths of 21.9 to 23.8m, with a conspicuous hut in the A light is shown from a structure on the NE point of Pulo Milo

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 319

Island. island, which is fully exposed to the Southwest Monsoon, has

The channel separating Pulo Milo Island from Little Nicobar
9.65 not been closely examined. Shoal depths of as little as 12.6m,
Island is about 0.4 mile wide, but is narrower on the S side, which are best seen on the chart, extend up to 9 miles off the W
where the channel has not been closely examined. Depths of coast of the island. Vessels are advised to use caution when ap-
less than 11m lie within 0.4 mile of Little Nicobar Island, E of proaching the island.
Pulo Milo Island. A detached 18.3m shoal lies about 19 miles SW of the S end
9.67

An 18.3m patch lies about 14.5 miles W of Pulo Milo Island.

9.65 of Great Nicobar Island. A detached 17.7m patch was reported
Depths of 10.4m and 19.4m lie 2 and 3 miles W of Pulo Milo (1975) to lie about 11.8 miles SSW of the same point. The po-
Island. sition of this latter depth is approximate.
Anchorage can be taken in the channel between Pulo Milo
9.65

Island and Little Nicobar Island, in depths of 16.5 to 23.8m, 9.68 Between the NW point of Great Nicobar Island and
sand and coral. This anchorage is sheltered. the NW entrance point of Ganges Harbor, almost 5 miles ENE,
Ileya (7°25'N., 93°42'E.), a small village, lies on the NE
9.65 the coast is slightly indented and reef fringed. A 6.4m shoal
coast about 1.5 miles SSE of Sombrero Point. A small drying lies 1.5 miles off the N coast of Great Nicobar Island about 1.8
patch lies close E of the village. miles E of the N end of Kondul Island. A 0.9m patch lies about
Menchal Island (7°24'N., 93°45'E.), small in extent and
9.65 2 miles farther E.
reef-fringed, lies 4 miles SE of Sombrero Point and 1.3 miles Kondul Island (7°13'N., 93°43'E.), high and rocky on its N
9.68

off the NE coast of Little Nicobar Island. A depth of 11.9m ex- side, rises to a height of 92m.
ists in the intervening channel, but less depths may exist. Kondul Harbor (Pryce Channel) (7°12'N., 93°43'E.) is
9.68

Anchorage can be taken by vessels with local knowledge,

9.65 formed by the S side of Kondul Island and a bight in the NW
during periods of fair weather, in depths of 11 to 12.8m, about coast of Great Nicobar Island. A radio station is situated in
0.5 mile SW of Menchal Island. The tidal currents have been Mayaiya Village, about 0.3 mile N of the S part of Kondul Is-
reported to be strong, especially at springs. land.
The SE coast of Little Nicobar Island, which forms the NW
9.65 Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken off either the E or W
9.68

side of St. Georges Channel, is fairly steep-to. side of Kondul Island according to the direction of the wind.
The E anchorage has a depth of 12.8m about 0.5 mile offshore.
St. Georges Channel Depths of 18.3 to 21.9m exist in the W anchorage, but caution
is advised in its approach.
9.66 St. Georges Channel (7°17'N., 93°46'E.), which lies Kondul Harbor provides sheltered anchorage, in depths 21.9
9.68

between Little Island and Great Nicobar Island, has considerable to 31.1m, sand and coral, E or NE of the previously-described
depths in the fairway over an uneven bottom. Its W entrance has 4.6m shoal.
a least width of 3.8 miles reduced to a navigable width of 2.8 Caution.—Caution is advised when approaching Kondul Is-
9.68

miles by the shoals extending from both shores. land and the adjacent coast because uncharted dangers may ex-
The N side of the channel is free from off-lying dangers, ex-
9.66 ist. Lesser depths than charted have been reported to lie W of
cept in the W entrance, where depths of 14 to 16.8m, about 0.4 this island and may extend for a considerable distance offshore.
mile apart, were reported to lie 1 mile ESE of the S end of Lit- A rock, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies 0.7 mile W of the S end
tle Nicobar Island. A 32m shoal was reported to lie 0.7 mile S of the island.
of the same point. A 4.6m shoal, which has not been closely examined, lies
9.68

A bank, with a depth of 20.1m, the existence of which is

9.66 about 0.8 mile SSE of the SE end of the island.
doubtful, was reported to lie about in the middle of the E en- Ganges Harbor (7°13'N., 93°48'E.), which lies in a bight on
9.68

trance almost 3 miles NW of Kabra Island. the N coast of Great Nicobar Island about 5 miles E of Kondul
The tidal currents through this channel are strong.
9.66 Island, is entered between two points fouled by shoals. A spit,
with a depth of 6.4m at its outer end, extends almost 1 mile
Great Nicobar Island WSW from the E entrance point; foul ground lies S of the coral
head. A reef extends almost 0.5 mile NNE from the W entrance
9.67 Great Nicobar Island (7°00'N., 93°49'E.), the S and point.
largest of the Nicobar Islands, is well-wooded and fertile. Its A coral head, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies 1.5 miles N
9.68

NW end lies about 4 miles SSE of Little Nicobar Island. of the E entrance point. A shoal, which has two rocks with
The island rises to considerable heights throughout its length
9.67 depths of less than 1.8m on them, lies almost midway between
and is marked by steep-sided mountains covered by dense jun- this shoal and the dangers extending from both entrance points.
gle growth. Mount Thuillier rises to a height of 642m in the NE Anchorage.—Ganges Harbor provides anchorage, in depths
9.68

part of the S end of the island. A second ridge extends W from of 16.5 to 29.3m, coarse sand and clay, well clear of the previ-
this peak and a third ridge extends SW from a position near the ously-described dangers.
center of the main ridge.
Great Nicobar Island has been reported to be a good radar
9.67 9.69 Between the NW point of Great Nicobar Island, lying
target up to 23 miles. about 2.5 miles WSW of Kondul Island, and Teesta Point,
Caution.—The coast of the island appears to be reef-fringed
9.67 about 10 miles to the S, the W coast of Great Nicobar Island is
on all sides. The edge of the submarine plateau, from which the high and rugged. This coast has not been thoroughly examined
island rises, has not been clearly defined. It apparently extends and lesser depths than charted may lie between 2 and 4.5 miles
a considerable distance W from the coast. The W coast of the offshore.

Pub. 173
320 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands

Shoal patches, with depths of 12.8m and 19.5m, lie 6.5 miles
9.69 9.72 Laful Anchorage (7°10'N., 93°54'E.), a small coastal
W and 4.5 miles WNW of Teesta Point. indentation, lies about 3.3 miles S of Kerr Point. A ledge, with
A depth of 16.9m lies about 7 miles NW of Teesta Point. A
9.69 depths of less than 9.1m and apparently steep-to, extends about
depth of 5.8m lies 2.5 miles SSE of Teesta Point; a report also 0.2 mile offshore. The coast in the vicinity is fairly steep-to.
indicates that lesser depths may exist in the area. Protection is provided from W winds.
The anchorage should be approached by steering 270° for
9.72

9.70 Casuarina Bay (7°01'N., 93°41'E.), of no commer- the middle of the S half of the sandy beach which is a good
cial importance, is entered close E of Teesta Point and recedes mark. Anchorage can be taken when the coast S of the bight is
about 1 mile to the N. almost shut in by South Point, the S entrance of the bay. Care
Between the SE entrance point of Casuarina Bay and Pyg-
9.70 should be taken because the depth decreases rapidly.
malion Point (Indira Point), about 16.5 miles SSE, the coast is Between South Point and Pigeon Islet, about 5.5 miles to the
9.72

indented by a number of small bays, none of which have been S, the rocky coast has no pronounced indentations except for a
closely examined. The villages of Kopenheat and Taeangha lie small bay NW of the islet, which has not been closely exam-
about 3 and 5 miles SSE of Casuarina Bay. ined. Good anchorage has been reported available in this bay.
Pygmalion Point (Indira Point) has been reported to be good
9.70 Depths of 31.1m have been reported to lie close off the bay
radar target up to 21 miles. A light is shown from the point; a shores.
racon transmits from the light tower.
The coast between Teesta Point and Pygmalion Point (Indira
9.70 9.73 Tenlaa Bay (7°02'N., 93°56'E.), which lies 3 miles S
Point) is fronted by shoal ground which lies between 4 miles of Pigeon Islet, is narrow and has depths of 33m near its head.
off the former point to 2 miles off Pygmalion Point (Indira The bay is sheltered except from NE winds.
Point). Less water than charted has been reported to exist along Between Tenlaa Bay and the NE of Koal-ta-pain, a promon-
9.73

this section of coast. tory about 2 miles SE, the coast is rugged. The promontory
Anchorage.—Vessels with local knowledge can anchor, in a
9.70 forms the NE side of Campbell Bay, a bight fully exposed to
depth of 20.1m, in Casuarina Bay, about 1 mile S of the NW SE winds and seas. The entrance of the bay is difficult because
entrance point. Protection is provided during the Northeast it is fouled by rocks. Cerberus Rock lies 0.4 mile S of the E en-
Monsoon. trance point of the bay.
Vessels with local knowledge can anchor in the entrance of a
9.70 A light is shown on the SW side of Campbell Bay, close
9.73

bight between the villages of Kopenheat and Taeangha, in a within its entrance.
depth of 27.4m, about 1 mile offshore. There is an L-shaped jetty, with a depth of 5m at its head, sit-
9.73

Extreme caution is advised when approaching the above an-

9.70 uated on the NE side of the bay; it is usually used only in good
chorages because of the numerous reports of shallow depths. weather. A breakwater, marked at its head by a light, extends
Two small villages lie at the head of a bight about 8.5 miles
9.70 SW from Man Point.
NNW of Pygmalion Point (Indira Point). A small island lies Range lights, situated close together at the head of Campbell
9.73

close inshore about 6.5 miles NNW of the same point. Bay and in line bearing 323.75°, lead in from seaward.
Between Campbell Bay and Tara Point, about 7.5 miles
9.73

9.71 The E coast of Great Nicobar Island between Murray SSW, the coast forms a small bight which is indented at its
Point, the NE extremity of Great Nicobar Island, and Pygmalion head. Boat Rock (6°56'N., 93°58'E.), awash, about 1 mile SE
Point (Indira Point) about 29 miles to the S, is hilly, wooded to of the N entrance of the bight, has three smaller rocks close
the water’s edge, and indented by several bights. Mariners are SW of it.
advised that this coast has not been closely examined. Mataita-anla, the S indentation in the above bight, lies about
9.73

Kabra Island (7°18'N., 93°51'E.), 63m high, lies in St. 1 mile WNW of Tara Point. Small vessels with local knowl-
Georges Channel almost 3 miles N of Murray Point, the N end edge can anchor in this indentation protected from SW winds
of Great Nicobar Island. and seas. Rocks and shoals restrict the available space.
Trinkat Champlong Bay (7°13'N., 93°52'E.) is entered be-
tween Murray Point and Kerr Point, about 1.8 miles SE. The 9.74 South Bay (6°48'N., 93°52'E.), entered between Hay-
NW shore of the bay is rocky and steep, with some coral heads ward Point (6°47'N., 93°52'E.), also known as Kwangtung
extending up to 183m offshore. A sandy beach lines the S Point, about 3 miles SW of Tara Point and Pygmalion Point (In-
shore. Two conspicuous rocks lie about 0.5 mile W and 0.8 dira Point), about 3.8 miles farther SW, provides shelter during
mile WSW of Kerr Point. The W rock is flat-sided. the Northeast Monsoon. A sand bar blocks the entrance of the
A coral reef, partly dry at lower water, extends about 0.2
9.71 Galatea River, which flows into the head of the bay.
mile offshore, NE of the W rock. Other dangers lie within the Hayward Point has been reported to be a good radar target up
9.74

6m curve. A shoal, as defined by the 20m curve, extends about to 20 miles.

2 miles NE from Murray Point. A depth of 4.6m lies near the Walker Island, about 1.5 miles NNE of Pygmalion Point (Indi-
9.74

outer edge of this shoal. ra Point), is flat, small and rocky. Several heaps of stones lie on
Anchorage.—Trinkat Champlong Bay provides good, safe
9.71 the island. The island is prominent from the S, but is difficult to
anchorage for large vessels. Protection is provided during the make out from the E because of the high land behind it.
Southwest Monsoon. A vessel anchored, in a depth of 51.2m, A breaking rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about
9.74

coral and shells, with Murray Point bearing 310°, distant al- 0.7 mile SSE of Hayward Point.
most 0.8 mile. A shoal, with a least reported depth of 5m, lies 0.5 mile S of
9.74

Pygmalion Point Light, which marks the S extremity of Great

Pub. 173
 Sector 9. The Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands 321

Nicobar Island. 16.5 to 18.3m.

Vessels can anchor within the bay as convenient, in depths of
9.74

Pub. 173
 Glossaries 323
Glossaries

Burmese

BURMESE English BURMESE English

A kyauk taung .................................................rocky mountain
kyauk hteyk ...........................................................rocky top
a-shae ............................................................................. east kyauk-cha-kan ..............................................anchorage area
a-nauk............................................................................ west kyun ............................................................................ island
B L
baamn...................................... range/row of hills, mountain laan .............................................................. road, path, way
baanm (pan) ....................range/row of hills, mountain peak lantaya..................................................... clear path, fairway
C M
chaung........................................................................ stream mee ........................................................................ light, fire
mee-pya ............................................... lighthouse, lightship
D
myauk .......................................................................... south
daan.......................................................... rank in file, range myit............................................................................... river
H T
hteyk....................................................................... top, peak taung ............................................................................ north
taung .............................................................. mountain, hill
I
taung daan....................................................mountain range
inn .................................................................................. lake taung gyi .......................................................large mountain
K Y
kan.........................................................................area, span ye ................................................................................. water
kaan.............................................................................. coast ye-gan (kan)......................................................... lake, pond
kaana ........................................coast line, beach, river bank ye-dagun (dakun)....................................................waterfall
kyauk..............................................................................rock yoma ............................................................mountain range

Pub. 173
324 Glossaries

Hindi

HINDI English HINDI English

A kot ................................................................................... fort
M
ar ................................................................................ stream
mala .......................................................................mountain
B
malai ......................................................................mountain
bandar................................................................... anchorage mudi .......................................................................mountain
bet................................................................................ island
N
betta........................................................................mountain
bil ......................................................................lake, swamp nadi ............................................................................ stream
bum ................................................................ mountain, hill nala ............................................................................ stream
nam ............................................................................ stream
C
cheruvu........................................................................... lake P
chu.............................................................................. stream
pahar ......................................................................mountain
D
parbat .....................................................................mountain
dhar ..............................................................mountain range parvat .....................................................................mountain
dongar ............................................................................. hill po ...........................................................................mountain
durga .........................................................................hill fort pulo ............................................................................. island
durgam ......................................................................hill fort
R
E
eri ................................................................................... lake rann .................................................................... marsh, lake
eru .............................................................................. stream
sagar............................................................................... lake
G
sagara ............................................................................. lake
gad.............................................................................. stream suti ............................................................................. stream
ghat.................................................................................pass
giri..........................................................................mountain T
gudda.............................................................. mountain, hill
gutta ............................................................... mountain, hill tal ......................................................................lake, swamp
tala ................................................................................. well
J
talab ............................................................................... lake
jhil .................................................................................. lake talao ............................................................................... lake
jhor ............................................................................. stream tapu ............................................................................. island
tivu .............................................................................. island
K
tlang ................................................... mountain peak, range
kas .............................................................................. stream
V
kayal...............................................................................inlet
kere........................................................................ lake, tank va ............................................................................... stream
khal.................................................................. stream, creek vagu ........................................................................... stream

Pub. 173
 Glossaries 325

Pakistani

PAKISTANI English PAKISTANI English

A khal ............................................................................... river
khand ............................................................................. pass
ab......................................................................water, spring khari .................................................................stream, creek
an....................................................................................pass khor; khor .................................... stream, river mouth, inlet
koh ..............................................mountain, mountain range
B
kot .................................................................................. port
bandar......................................................................... harbor kotal ............................................................................... pass
bil ......................................................................swamp, lake kuh ................................................................. hill, mountain
bundar ............................................. mud dike, embankment
L
C
lak .................................................................................. pass
chah....................................................................spring, well lora ............................................................................. stream
chakul..........................................................................spring
N
char.............................................................................. island
chara........................................................................... stream nadi ............................................................................ stream
chauki...............................................................customhouse nal .............................................................................. stream
nala ............................................................................ stream
D
narai ............................................................................... pass
dar .............................................................................. stream nawar; nawar ................................................................. lake
darya................................................................. river, stream nullah ........................................... intermittent stream, gully
dasht .................................................................. desert, plain
P
dhand......................................................................... swamp
dhar ..............................................................mountain range padi ................................................................................west
dhor ............................................................................ stream pahaar ............................................................ mountain, hill
dimi ................................................................................ east
R
doab...................................................... plain between rivers
ras ....................................................................... cape, point
G
rud.....................................................................river, stream
gang............................................................................ stream
S
ghar .............................................mountain, mountain range
goth ..................................................................town, village sar (sur) .................................................. peak, summit, well
H T
hamun.....................................................salt lake, salt waste tangi .............................................................................gorge
haor ................................................................................ lake tar ................................................................................... well
hor ......................................swamp, fresh or brackish marsh taung .............................................................. hill, mountain
toba ................................................................................ well
J
toi ............................................................................... stream
jabal; jebel...........................................hill, mountain, island
W
jezirat .......................................................................... island
wah ..................................................................canal, stream
K
Z
kalat.................................................................................fort
kand; kandao ..................................................................pass zarr .................................................................................. bay
kaur .................................................................. stream, river ziarat .................................................................tomb, shrine

Pub. 173
326 Glossaries

Thai

THAI English THAI English

A lek ................................................................................ small
lem .................................................................................cape
ao.......................................................................... bay, creek lom ................................................................................wind
arang............................................................................... coal luang ............................................................................ green
lueng .......................................................................... yellow
B
luong .............................................................................great
ban..............................................................................village
M
bang......................................................... village, settlement
bon ...............................................................................upper maenam, menam........................................................... river
buket............................................................... hill, mountain mai ................................................................................. new
buri ..................................................................................city me ................................................................................. river
menang ......................................................................district
C
muang ...........................................................................town
chaung, chong ...............................................................strait
N
D
dam............................................................................... black nam ................................................water, tide, river, stream
dan.................................................. police or custom station nam-khun ..............................................................rising tide
dawang .........................................................................forest nam-long............................................................. ebbing tide
deng..................................................................................red nam-0 ................................................ begining of rising tide
din niau .......................................................................... clay nam-tem-khraye...................................................high water
doi, dowi ................................................................mountain naung ................................................................lake, swamp
don ............................................................. island, high land nawi ....................................................................small, little
nei ......................................................................................in
F
nei-kwa .........................................................................inner
fai .................................................................................. light noi .......................................................................little, small
noi-kwa ........................................................................lesser
H
nok ...................................................................................out
hat, hatsai ..............................................................sand bank nok-kwa ........................................................................outer
hin ....................................................................... rock, shoal nong ................................... pond, pool, marsh, swamp, lake
hoi .............................................................................. stream
htoong ................................................................. field, plain P
hue..............................................................mountain stream
pa ................................................................................jungle
I
pak ............................................................................ estuary
ikan..................................................................................fish pak nam ........................................bay, estuary, river mouth
phra ........................................................................... pagoda
J
phrayk ..................................................................... tributary
jankar .........................................................................anchor pom ................................................................................. fort
pu ................................................................... hill, mountain
K
R
kaler ............................................................................. north
kau................................................................................... hill rai .................................................farmland, square measure
khao............................................mountain, hill, peak, white roti................................................................................ bread
khlon .....................................................................clay, mud rong................................................................. custom house
klong ................................................. canal, channel, stream
S
ko, koh ........................................................................ island
sai.......................................................................sand, gravel
L
sao-thong .................................................................flagstaff
laem........................................................................bay, cape sap.......................................................................great, large
lang...............................................................................lower sawuh ......................................................................... anchor
langtao..............................................................................bar sayuran................................................................. vegetables

Pub. 173
 Glossaries 327

THAI English THAI English

T tong koong ............................................................river bend
trumbu......................................................... dangerous shoal
ta...................................................................... landing place tuwak ...............................................................................old
thale.........................................................................sea, lake
thai ........................................................................... siamese
W
thang......................................................................road, path
thit-nua ......................................................................... north
thit-tai........................................................................... south wat .............................................................. buddhist temple
thit-tuan-ok..................................................................... east
thit-tuan-tok .................................................................. west Y
thi-thort-samor ..................................................... anchorage
tida angin.......................................................................calm yai-kwa ......................................................................greater
toko ......................................................................storehouse yord..................................................................................top
tong ........................................................................mountain yot ................................................................................. peak

Pub. 173
 329

How to use the Index—Gazetteer

Geographic names of navigational features are generally those used by the nation having sovereignty and are listed
alphabetically. Diacritical marks, such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to specific letters in certain foreign
languages, are not used in the interest of typographical simplicity.
Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the political status of an area by the United States
Government. Positions are approximate and are intended merely as locators to facilitate reference to the charts.
To use as a Gazetteer note the position and Sector number of the feature and refer to the Boundaries diagram for the Sector. Plot
the approximate position of the feature on this diagram.
To use as an Index of features described in the text note the Sector-Paragraph number at the right. The Sector-Paragraph number
is then used to manually locate the feature. Each Index entry is also hot-linked to its location in the text.

Index—Gazetteer

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para

A AURANGA RIVER 20 38 N 75 53 E 2.22

AUSTEN STRAIT 12 53 N 92 48 E 9.14
ABHAY ISLAND 17 45 N 94 29 E 7.43 AUSTEN STRAIT 12 54 N 92 53 E 9.28
ACHRA POINT 16 12 N 73 26 E 2.47 AVES ISLAND 12 55 N 92 57 E 9.30
ADAM'S PEAK 6 48 N 80 30 E 4.1 AZHIKAL 11 55 N 75 24 E 3.21
ADDU ATOLL 0 39 S 78 10 E 5.66
AGASTYA MALAI 8 37 N 77 15 E 3.35
AGATTI ISLAND 10 51 N 72 12 E 5.9 B
AGHNASHINI RIVER 14 31 N 74 20 E 3.8
AGNIMARI CHAR 22 00 N 88 08 E 7.5 BACON BAY 12 57 N 92 54 E 9.31
AGRA ROCK 18 07 N 83 46 E 6.33 BADAGARA 11 36 N 75 35 E 3.25
AGUADA BAY 15 29 N 73 47 E 2.52 BAILEY ISLAND 12 08 N 97 44 E 8.61
AHUNGALLA POINT 6 19 N 80 02 E 4.21 BAINDUR HEAD 13 52 N 74 36 E 3.13
AKAUKTAUNG 18 25 N 95 11 E 8.15 BALACHADI ROCKS 22 41 N 70 10 E 1.27
AKIRIFURI 4 38 N 73 24 E 5.38 BALACHIRI ROCKS 22 41 N 70 10 E 1.27
AKURALA POINT 6 12 N 80 03 E 4.22 BALESHWAR 21 29 N 86 57 E 7.3
AKYAB HARBOR 20 08 N 92 54 E 7.34 BALESHWAR ROAD 21 23 N 87 07 E 7.2
ALADDIN ISLANDS 9 43 N 98 03 E 8.94 BALESHWAR TEMPLE 19 50 N 85 56 E 6.40
ALAM PARAI FORT 12 16 N 80 01 E 6.11 BALISAHI POINT 20 51 N 86 58 E 7.2
ALANG SHIPBREAKING YARD 21 30 N 72 20 E 2.14 BANGADUNI ISLAND 21 33 N 88 52 E 7.12
ALAPPUZHA 9 30 N 76 20 E 3.31 BARDA HILLS 21 48 N 69 44 E 1.34
ALFREY SHOAL 8 01 N 93 31 E 9.62 BARDA RANGE 21 48 N 69 44 E 1.34
ALGUADA REEF 15 42 N 94 12 E 8.5 BARE ISLAND 12 25 N 98 26 E 8.57
ALICE ISLAND 11 21 N 98 31 E 8.78 BARONI ROCK 15 52 N 94 17 E 8.6
ALLANS ISLAND 12 21 N 98 11 E 8.60 BARREN ISLAND 12 16 N 93 51 E 9.9
ALLIGATOR HEAD 16 36 N 94 19 E 7.58 BARUVA 18 52 N 84 35 E 6.36
ALPHEE SHOAL 7 25 N 81 52 E 4.40 BASAVARAJADURG ISLAND 14 19 N 74 24 E 3.9
AMANAM 17 57 N 83 29 E 6.32 BASIN ISLAND 11 59 N 98 10 E 8.65
AMAZON POINT 16 29 N 94 41 E 8.8 BASSEIN 16 47 N 94 44 E 8.9
AMBU ISLET 19 08 N 72 47 E 2.29 BASSES DE PEDRO 13 05 N 72 25 E 5.5
AMBWAH BAY 17 16 N 73 13 E 2.41 BASWARAJ DRUG 14 19 N 74 24 E 3.9
AMENI ISLAND 11 07 N 72 44 E 5.7 BATAINA GALA 6 02 N 80 10 E 4.23
AMHERST POINT 16 05 N 97 34 E 8.23 BATTI MALV ISLAND 8 50 N 92 51 E 9.56
AMIE ISLAND 11 56 N 98 13 E 8.67 BATTICALOA LIGHT 7 45 N 81 41 E 4.42
AMINI ISLAND 11 07 N 72 44 E 5.7 BATTICALOA ROADS 7 46 N 81 41 E 4.42
ANDAMAN STRAIT 12 04 N 92 47 E 9.41 BEACON ISLAND 18 56 N 93 27 E 7.44
ANDERSON ROCK 12 26 N 92 59 E 9.33 BEAUCHAMP REEF 13 27 N 93 04 E 9.24
ANDREWS BAY 18 20 N 94 20 E 7.54 BEDI 22 31 N 70 02 E 1.26
ANDROTH ISLAND 10 49 N 73 41 E 5.8 BELEKERI BAY 14 42 N 74 15 E 3.7
ANGEDIVA ISLAND 14 45 N 74 07 E 3.5 BELEKERI POINT 14 42 N 74 15 E 3.7
ANJADIP ISLAND 14 45 N 74 07 E 3.5 BENTINCK ISLAND 11 45 N 98 02 E 8.69
ANJENGO 8 40 N 76 46 E 3.35 BENTINCK POINT 15 29 N 97 44 E 8.25
ANNE ISLAND 11 20 N 98 00 E 8.70 BENTINCK SOUND 15 35 N 97 42 E 8.26
ANT ISLET 12 42 N 98 19 E 8.51 BENTOTA GANGA 6 26 N 80 01 E 4.21
AO KAULAK 8 36 N 98 15 E 8.107 BERESFORD CHANNEL 8 07 N 93 33 E 9.60
APAW-YE KYUN 18 23 N 94 19 E 7.54 BERKELEY ISLAND GROUP 12 56 N 92 54 E 9.30
API ISLAND 10 39 N 92 23 E 9.51 BERNARD ISLAND 11 11 N 98 16 E 8.72
ARGO FLAT 21 44 N 89 57 E 7.16 BERUWALA POINT 6 28 N 79 58 E 4.20
ARI ATOLL 3 55 N 72 50 E 5.42 BETUL POINT 15 08 N 73 57 E 2.55
ARIYADDU CHANNEL 3 25 N 72 53 E 5.46 BEYPORE 11 10 N 75 48 E 3.28
ARMAGON SHOAL 13 54 N 80 18 E 6.16 BHATKAL FORT 13 58 N 74 32 E 3.12
ARNALA ISLAND 19 28 N 72 44 E 2.26 BHAVNAGAR 21 46 N 72 14 E 2.16
ARONG VILLAGE 9 09 N 92 43 E 9.53 BHIMUNIPATNAM 17 54 N 83 29 E 6.32
ASAR MATA 22 50 N 69 13 E 1.9 BIG TOP ISLAND 9 58 N 98 13 E 8.91
ASIRGARH SHOAL 20 28 N 92 28 E 7.28 BILADU 3 09 N 72 59 E 5.52
ATALANTA BAY 13 16 N 93 04 E 9.27 BILUGYUN ISLAND 16 23 N 97 31 E 8.21
ATALANTA POINT 11 40 N 92 45 E 9.46 BILUGYUN SANDS 16 10 N 97 32 E 8.22
AUCKLAND BAR 21 45 N 87 59 E 7.5 BIRDS NEST ISLANDS 12 53 N 98 15 E 8.46
AUCKLAND BAY 12 07 N 98 32 E 8.56 BIRDS NEST ROCKS 9 47 N 98 11 E 8.95

Pub. 173
330 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
BLACK POINT 9 06 N 80 54 E 4.52 CHAUKDAW ROCK 13 46 N 98 11 E 8.40
BLACK ROCK 11 23 N 97 40 E 8.70 CHAVES SHOAL 10 04 N 98 17 E 8.92
BLACK ROCKS 19 38 N 93 29 E 7.36 CHEDUBA 18 58 N 93 38 E 7.44
BLAIR POINT 11 41 N 92 44 E 9.46 CHEDUBA ISLAND 18 47 N 93 38 E 7.47
BLUFF CAPE 18 00 N 94 26 E 7.56 CHEDUBA STRAIT 18 58 N 93 38 E 7.44
BLUFF ISLAND 12 15 N 92 42 E 9.16 CHENNAI 13 06 N 80 18 E 6.13
BLUFF POINT 15 46 N 97 42 E 8.24 CHERBANIANI REEF 12 20 N 71 55 E 5.2
BLUNDELL ISLAND 12 27 N 97 50 E 8.48 CHESTER ISLAND 12 02 N 97 46 E 8.61
BOAT ISLAND 11 31 N 92 34 E 9.21 CHETLAT ISLAND 11 41 N 72 42 E 5.3
BOAT ROCK 11 18 N 98 41 E 8.78 CHETWAI 10 32 N 76 03 E 3.29
BOAT ROCK 6 56 N 93 58 E 9.73 CHETWAYI 10 32 N 76 03 E 3.29
BOK YE-GAN 14 16 N 97 49 E 8.19 CHILAW POINT 7 36 N 79 48 E 4.15
BOLD PROMONTORY 11 44 N 98 18 E 8.80 CHILDERS CHANNEL 18 30 N 93 52 E 7.49
BOMBAY 18 56 N 72 51 E 2.30 CHILKA LAKE 19 45 N 85 23 E 6.39
BOMBAY SHOAL 19 26 N 93 31 E 7.38 CHIMNEY ISLAND 9 51 N 98 03 E 8.94
BOMIE BAY 17 20 N 94 33 E 7.56 CHINA BAKIR RIVER 16 19 N 96 06 E 8.11
BOMPOKA ISLAND 8 14 N 93 14 E 9.58 CHIRIGATAPU 11 29 N 92 43 E 9.48
BOND HARBOR 13 24 N 93 04 E 9.24 CHITTAGONG 22 19 N 91 49 E 7.21
BORIA POINT 17 24 N 73 10 E 2.39 CHOK NADI 22 57 N 69 00 E 1.9
BORONGA POINT 19 49 N 93 02 E 7.35 CHOKEY SHOAL 16 41 N 96 14 E 8.13
BOWEN SHOAL 10 29 N 98 15 E 8.85 CHOWRA ISLAND 8 27 N 93 04 E 9.56
BOWERS ISLAND 12 30 N 98 06 E 8.50 CHRISTIE ISLAND 9 38 N 97 58 E 8.94
BROKEN POINT 16 55 N 94 23 E 7.43 CHRISTMAS ISLAND 12 00 N 98 09 E 8.64
BROOKER ROCK 11 30 N 92 36 E 9.22 CHULA LANKA 5 56 N 80 32 E 4.28
BROUGHAM SHOAL 18 09 N 94 07 E 7.42 CHURMA ISLAND 24 54 N 66 36 E 1.1
BROWN ISLAND 10 45 N 98 03 E 8.89 CINQUE ISLANDS 11 17 N 92 43 E 9.49
BROWN ROCK 12 41 N 98 11 E 8.50 CLARA ISLAND 10 54 N 97 55 E 8.80
BRUNNETTE ISLAND 12 14 N 97 52 E 8.61 CLEUGH PASSAGE 13 36 N 93 02 E 9.10
BRUSH ISLET 13 17 N 93 04 E 9.26 CLEUGH ROCKS 13 37 N 92 58 E 9.10
BURAL REEF 22 30 N 69 19 E 1.19 COCHIN 9 58 N 76 14 E 3.30
BURGESS ROCK 16 00 N 94 22 E 8.8 COCKATOO POINT 16 30 N 94 40 E 8.8
BURHABALANG RIVER 21 29 N 87 03 E 7.2 COCKBURN ISLANDS 10 12 N 97 59 E 8.90
BURNE ISLAND 12 27 N 98 05 E 8.49 COCO CHANNEL 13 47 N 93 12 E 9.4
BURNE ROCKS 20 15 N 92 45 E 7.33 COCONUT ISLAND 13 23 N 74 40 E 3.15
BUSHBY ISLAND 11 24 N 98 08 E 8.71 COLABA POINT 18 54 N 72 49 E 2.30
BUTAWA POINT 6 19 N 81 29 E 4.37 COLEBROOKE ISLAND 12 14 N 92 54 E 9.33
BUTCHER ISLAND 18 58 N 72 54 E 2.30 COLEBROOKE PASSAGE 12 13 N 92 53 E 9.34
BUTTON ISLAND 16 00 N 97 34 E 8.24 COLLIES ISLAND 10 59 N 98 27 E 8.83
BYRAMGORE REEF 11 55 N 71 45 E 5.2 COLOMBO 6 57 N 79 51 E 4.17
COLOMBO LIGHT 6 56 N 79 50 E 4.17
COMBERMERE BAY 19 37 N 93 29 E 7.36
C CONE ISLET 11 23 N 98 06 E 8.71
CONSTANCE BAY 11 42 N 92 36 E 9.20
CADELL BAY 13 26 N 93 04 E 9.24 CONSTITUTION BANK 11 24 N 98 04 E 8.71
CALCUTTA 22 33 N 88 19 E 7.9 COOMBS PILLAR 22 15 N 91 51 E 7.20
CALICUT 11 15 N 75 46 E 3.27 COONDAPOOR 13 38 N 74 41 E 3.14
CALVENTURAS ISLANDS 16 54 N 94 16 E 7.43 COOPERS DRIVER ISLAND 11 27 N 97 55 E 8.71
CAMELS HUMP 11 25 N 76 08 E 3.26 CORBIN ISLAND 12 29 N 98 09 E 8.50
CAMORTA ISLAND 8 09 N 93 29 E 9.59 COURTS ISLAND 11 57 N 98 00 E 8.62
CAMPBELL REEF 10 47 N 98 26 E 8.83 COVELONG POINT 12 47 N 80 15 E 6.12
CAMPBELL ROCK 11 33 N 98 34 E 8.78 COVELONG POINT 8 23 N 76 58 E 3.37
CAMPBELL SHOAL 12 25 N 93 04 E 9.33 COW AND CALF ISLETS 14 57 N 93 43 E 9.2
CANNANORE 11 52 N 75 22 E 3.22 COX'S BAZAR 21 27 N 91 58 E 7.25
CANTOR ISLAND 12 13 N 98 15 E 8.63 CRAWFORD SHOAL 16 29 N 94 13 E 7.59
CAP AND FEATHERS 11 50 N 98 09 E 8.68 CROSS HARBOR 8 02 N 93 32 E 9.62
CAPE BLUFF 12 12 N 92 40 E 9.19 CROWN ISLAND 11 50 N 98 05 E 8.68
CAPE COMORIN 8 05 N 77 33 E 4.3 CUDDALORE 11 43 N 79 46 E 6.9
CAPE NEGRAIS 16 02 N 94 12 E 8.2 CUTTERS PATCH 18 28 N 93 54 E 7.49
CAPE PRICE 13 35 N 93 02 E 9.10 CYPRESS SANDS 20 40 N 92 18 E 7.31
CAPE RAMA 15 05 N 73 55 E 3.2
CAR NICOBAR 9 15 N 92 46 E 9.53
CAR NICOBAR ISLAND 9 15 N 92 46 E 9.53 D
CARPENTER SHOALS 18 15 N 94 02 E 7.42
CASH ISLAND 9 49 N 98 07 E 8.95 D'APRES SHOAL 22 00 N 91 09 E 7.16
CASTLE BAY 8 27 N 93 38 E 9.57 D'SILVA SHOAL 16 38 N 96 15 E 8.13
CASTLE ROCKS 16 28 N 97 37 E 8.24 DAHANU 19 59 N 72 43 E 2.24
CASUARINA BAY 7 01 N 93 41 E 9.70 DALHOUSIE SAND 21 24 N 88 51 E 7.12
CASUARINA POINT 9 14 N 98 21 E 8.103 DALRYMPLE BANK 10 31 N 92 14 E 9.7
CAVENDISH ISLAND 15 30 N 97 40 E 8.26 DAMAN 20 25 N 72 50 E 2.23
CAVERN ISLAND 10 20 N 98 00 E 8.90 DAMOA 20 25 N 72 50 E 2.23
CELERITY PASSAGE 11 46 N 98 20 E 8.75 DANAI 19 59 N 85 20 E 6.39
CELIA ROCK 11 19 N 98 04 E 8.70 DANSON BAY 17 12 N 94 29 E 7.57
CENTER ISLANDS 8 35 N 97 38 E 8.105 DANSON PEAK 14 32 N 74 27 E 3.9
CENTRAL SAND 19 58 N 86 24 E 6.38 DATHAT ISLAND 15 00 N 97 46 E 8.30
CHALNA BAZAR 22 28 N 89 35 E 7.14 DAVIS ISLAND 9 49 N 98 02 E 8.94
CHANDPUR 23 09 N 90 33 E 7.17 DELFT ISLAND 9 31 N 79 41 E 4.61
CHANK REEF 22 30 N 69 19 E 1.19 DELGARNO ISLAND 13 25 N 93 06 E 9.24
CHAPEL POINT 8 33 N 81 15 E 4.48 DENNIS ROCK 11 49 N 98 06 E 8.68
CHAPORA FORT 15 36 N 73 44 E 2.52 DEVI RIVER 19 59 N 86 24 E 6.40
CHARLOTTE ISLAND 11 19 N 98 01 E 8.70 DEVILS HORN 16 05 N 97 33 E 8.22
CHATHAM ISLAND 11 41 N 92 44 E 9.46 DHAMRA 20 49 N 86 58 E 6.46
CHATHAM ISLAND 13 19 N 93 02 E 9.27 DHAMRA RIVER 20 47 N 86 58 E 6.44

Pub. 173
 Index—Gazetteer 331

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
DHANI BET 22 25 N 69 31 E 1.20 FLAT ISLAND 20 11 N 92 58 E 7.34
DHANUSHKODI 9 11 N 79 25 E 4.62 FLAT ISLAND SPIT 20 10 N 92 57 E 7.34
DHIRUBHAI-1 TERMINAL 16 42 N 82 41 E 6.25 FLAT REEF 18 55 N 94 00 E 7.51
DIAMOND HARBOR ANCHORAGE 22 11 N 88 11 E 7.8 FLY ROCK 11 30 N 98 06 E 8.66
DIAMOND SAND 22 10 N 88 10 E 7.6 FORD BAY 14 08 N 93 23 E 9.4
DICEY SHOAL 19 27 N 93 27 E 7.38 FORREST PASSAGE 11 05 N 98 04 E 8.80
DIGURA 3 33 N 72 55 E 5.44 FORREST STRAIT 10 50 N 98 21 E 8.80
DILIGENT STRAIT 12 10 N 92 57 E 9.35 FORT BAY 8 02 N 93 31 E 9.62
DIU HARBOR 20 43 N 71 00 E 2.4 FOUL BAY 12 19 N 92 42 E 9.16
DIU HEAD 20 41 N 70 50 E 2.2 FREAK ISLET 12 41 N 97 53 E 8.47
DOLPHIN ISLANDS 10 55 N 98 15 E 8.82 FRIAR'S HOOD 7 26 N 81 30 E 4.40
DOLPHIN SHOAL 21 51 N 91 46 E 7.19 FUA MULAKU ISLAND 0 17 S 73 26 E 5.65
DOLPHIN'S NOSE 14 43 N 97 52 E 8.32 FULIDU 3 41 N 73 24 E 5.47
DOLPHIN'S NOSE 17 41 N 83 17 E 6.29 FULIDU CHANNEL 3 45 N 73 25 E 5.46
DOMEL ISLAND 11 39 N 98 15 E 8.69 FURI 3 01 N 73 01 E 5.53
DONDRA HEAD 5 55 N 80 36 E 4.29 FUSILIER CHANNEL 11 52 N 93 03 E 9.40
DONGRI POINT 19 18 N 72 48 E 2.27
DONNELLY ISLAND 11 54 N 98 26 E 8.74
DONNELLY REEF 11 55 N 98 25 E 8.74 G
DORAVA POINT 6 12 N 81 19 E 4.35
DORIC BEACON 8 47 N 79 56 E 4.13 GAHA FARO 4 16 N 72 45 E 5.43
DORIS ROCK 11 43 N 98 06 E 8.69 GALBODA KANDA 6 24 N 80 01 E 4.21
DOROTHY ISLAND 11 24 N 98 11 E 8.71 GALBOKKA POINT 6 56 N 79 50 E 4.17
DOUBLE ISLAND 15 52 N 97 35 E 8.24 GALBRAITH ROCK 12 50 N 98 34 E 8.45
DOUBLE ISLET 9 27 N 98 20 E 8.99 GALEE POINT 17 00 N 73 16 E 2.41
DOUBLE ROCK 12 01 N 98 11 E 8.64 GALGODIYANA 5 56 N 80 32 E 4.28
DRAGON SHOAL 18 53 N 93 59 E 7.51 GALLE HARBOR 6 01 N 80 13 E 4.24
DRAKE ISLAND 9 46 N 98 01 E 8.94 GALLOPER SAND 15 38 N 97 40 E 8.26
DRUNKEN SAILOR ROCK 18 33 N 94 13 E 7.53 GAN 0 17 N 73 22 E 5.62
DUBLA SHOAL 21 46 N 89 31 E 7.13 GAN 0 41 S 73 10 E 5.69
DUNCAN ISLAND 12 01 N 92 47 E 9.42 GANGAVALI RIVER 14 36 N 74 18 E 3.8
DUNCAN PASSAGE 11 04 N 92 40 E 9.50 GANGAVARAM 17 38 N 83 15 E 6.29
DUNKIN ISLAND 9 47 N 98 07 E 8.95 GANGAWALI RIVER 14 36 N 74 18 E 3.8
DWARKA POINT 22 14 N 68 57 E 1.32 GANGES HARBOR 7 13 N 93 48 E 9.68
GANJAM 19 23 N 85 04 E 6.39
GAW TAUNG 18 30 N 94 16 E 7.53
E GHOGHA 21 41 N 72 17 E 2.16
GHORPARAY ROCK 15 10 N 97 43 E 8.29
EAST BAY 7 59 N 93 25 E 9.63 GILES BANK 19 28 N 93 27 E 7.37
EAST CAPE 8 12 N 77 47 E 4.4 GIRAVARU 4 12 N 73 24 E 5.38
EAST ISLET 11 57 N 97 45 E 8.62 GLADYS ISLAND 12 49 N 98 36 E 8.45
EAST REEF 18 30 N 93 56 E 7.49 GLASSHOUSE ISLAND 9 45 N 97 59 E 8.94
EASTERN CHANNEL LIGHT VESSEL 20 55 N 88 15 E 7.4 GODAGALA POINT 6 25 N 80 00 E 4.21
EASTERN SANDS 16 26 N 94 24 E 8.12 GODAVARI POINT 16 59 N 82 20 E 6.26
EASTERN SEA REEF 21 14 N 88 03 E 7.5 GODAWAYE POINT 6 06 N 80 03 E 4.31
EASTERN SHOALS 8 02 N 93 34 E 9.62 GODIA CREEK 23 14 N 68 35 E 1.9
ELATTUR CAPE 11 19 N 75 44 E 3.26 GONO GALA 6 42 N 79 53 E 4.18
ELBOW POINT 16 32 N 94 41 E 8.8 GOODWIN SANDS 16 07 N 97 35 E 8.22
ELBOW POINT 9 02 N 98 20 E 8.106 GOPALPUR 19 15 N 84 55 E 6.37
ELEPHANT ISLAND 11 50 N 98 10 E 8.68 GOPNATH POINT 21 12 N 72 07 E 2.13
ELEPHANT POINT 16 28 N 96 20 E 8.12 GORAKHANATH 21 32 N 70 32 E 1.35
ELEPHANT POINT 21 11 N 92 03 E 7.30 GOYANGYI KYUN 16 32 N 94 15 E 7.59
ELEPHANT ROCK 11 13 N 98 39 E 8.79 GRAHAM ISLAND 9 39 N 98 02 E 8.95
ELIKALPENI BANK 11 15 N 74 03 E 5.5 GRANDI ISLANDS 15 21 N 73 46 E 2.54
ELIZA ISLAND 11 24 N 98 00 E 8.70 GREAT BASSES REEF 6 11 N 81 29 E 4.36
ELIZABETH ISLAND 8 30 N 81 13 E 4.46 GREAT COCO ISLAND 14 06 N 93 23 E 9.4
ELPHINSTONE HARBOUR 12 18 N 92 54 E 9.35 GREAT NICOBAR ISLAND 7 00 N 93 49 E 9.67
ELPHINSTONE ISLAND 12 20 N 98 00 E 8.49 GREAT SAYER ISLAND 8 39 N 97 39 E 8.104
ENCIAM ISLET 8 13 N 77 11 E 3.37 GREAT SWINTON ISLANDS 10 34 N 98 03 E 8.89
ENNUR SHOAL 13 17 N 80 23 E 6.16 GREAT WESTERN TORRES ISLANDS 11 47 N 97 30 E 8.62
ENTRANCE ISLET 12 28 N 98 03 E 8.49 GREEN ISLAND 16 04 N 97 33 E 8.22
EQUATORIAL CHANNEL 0 00 73 15 E 5.64 GREGORY GROUP 10 40 N 98 21 E 8.84
EXPEDITION HARBOR 8 03 N 93 30 E 9.61 GRUB ISLAND 11 35 N 92 36 E 9.21
GUDALI HILL 14 01 N 80 01 E 6.17
GUITAR ISLAND 12 21 N 92 55 E 9.32
F GULHI 3 59 N 73 30 E 5.41
GULL ISLAND 18 50 N 72 54 E 2.30
FAADHIPPOLHU ATOLL 5 25 N 73 30 E 5.27 GUPTA POINT 22 15 N 91 50 E 7.21
FAIRWAY ROCKS 16 28 N 97 37 E 8.24 GURU 3 59 N 73 30 E 5.41
FAKIR POINT 20 07 N 92 54 E 7.34 GWA BAY 17 37 N 94 34 E 7.56
FAKIR REEF 20 06 N 92 54 E 7.34 GWA KYUN 17 34 N 94 31 E 7.56
FALSE BAY 20 31 N 86 55 E 6.42 GYUN THAUNG 12 20 N 98 24 E 8.58
FALSE DIVI POINT 15 43 N 80 50 E 6.21
FALSE POINT 20 20 N 86 44 E 6.42
FALSE POINT ANCHORAGE 20 28 N 86 47 E 6.42 H
FARNA 3 19 N 72 59 E 5.52
FEHINGILI 5 33 N 73 29 E 5.27 HADDUMMATI ATOLL 1 55 N 73 25 E 5.58
FELL PASSAGE 12 18 N 98 21 E 8.57 HAING GYI KYUN 16 00 N 94 19 E 8.7
FIORI 0 14 N 73 05 E 5.62 HAING GYI SHOAL 15 57 N 94 17 E 8.6
FIVE ISLANDS 10 17 N 98 22 E 8.85 HALDIA 22 01 N 88 05 E 7.7
FIVE SISTERS 11 23 N 98 00 E 8.70 HALF MOON REEF 10 50 N 98 18 E 8.82
FLAGSTAFF POINT 8 35 N 81 15 E 4.47 HAMBANTOTA 6 07 N 81 08 E 4.32

Pub. 173
332 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
HAMIDARDIA ISLAND 21 30 N 91 57 E 7.25 IRRAWADDY ROCK 19 25 N 93 23 E 7.30
HANIKANDU FARO 5 17 N 72 51 E 5.30 ISDU 2 07 N 73 35 E 5.58
HANSTAL CREEK 22 56 N 70 24 E 1.31 ISLE OF MAN 8 24 N 93 39 E 9.57
HANUMAN POINT 22 28 N 69 09 E 1.18 ISLET POINT 21 00 N 71 41 E 2.8
HARINGHATA RIVER 21 50 N 89 57 E 7.15
HARRY HEAD 9 52 N 98 27 E 8.99
HASTINGS HARBOR 10 06 N 98 18 E 8.92 J
HASTINGS SAND 16 44 N 96 13 E 8.13
HATTRASS PASSAGE 12 11 N 97 44 E 8.61 JACKSON CREEK 10 48 N 92 24 E 9.51
HAYCOCK 6 20 N 80 18 E 4.2 JACKSON LEDGE 13 39 N 93 08 E 9.6
HAYCOCK ISLAND 12 17 N 98 10 E 8.60 JAFARABAD 20 52 N 71 23 E 2.6
HAYCOCK ROCK 9 41 N 97 55 E 8.94 JAFFNA 9 39 N 80 01 E 4.61
HAYES ISLAND 11 52 N 97 40 E 8.62 JAIGARH BAY 17 18 N 73 13 E 2.40
HAYES ISLAND 12 29 N 98 11 E 8.50 JAIGARH HEAD 17 18 N 73 11 E 2.40
HAYES ISLAND 9 20 N 98 20 E 8.99 JAMES PATCH 10 05 N 98 19 E 8.92
HAYWARD ISLAND 10 27 N 97 57 E 8.89 JAMNAGAR TERMINAL 22 30 N 69 50 E 1.24
HAYWARD POINT 6 47 N 93 52 E 9.74 JANE ISLAND 11 21 N 98 01 E 8.70
HAZIRA LNG TERMINAL 21 06 N 72 37 E 2.12 JANET ISLAND 11 21 N 98 01 E 8.70
HAZIRA OFFSHORE TERMINAL 21 09 N 72 34 E 2.11 JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU PORT 18 57 N 72 57 E 2.30
HEADLAM PATCH 12 24 N 92 59 E 9.33 JEFFORD POINT LIGHT 21 44 N 89 32 E 7.13
HEADLAM PATCH 15 08 N 97 38 E 8.18 JEFFORD SHOAL 10 48 N 98 21 E 8.84
HEATH ROCK 11 55 N 98 19 E 8.74 JERRY ISLAND 14 03 N 93 22 E 9.4
HECKFORD BANK 10 20 N 97 10 E 8.88 JOAN ISLAND 11 15 N 98 18 E 8.72
HECKFORD PATCH 19 57 N 92 44 E 7.29 JODIYA 22 42 N 70 18 E 1.27
HEINZE CHAUNG 14 43 N 97 54 E 8.32 JOHNNY ISLAND 12 22 N 98 14 E 8.59
HELEN PASSAGE 19 24 N 93 27 E 7.38 JOHNSTON POINT 21 49 N 72 13 E 2.21
HENRY PRINSEP ISLAND 12 03 N 97 38 E 8.61 JOLLY BOYS ISLAND 11 30 N 92 37 E 9.21
HENRY ROCKS 18 52 N 93 27 E 7.47 JUANITA SHOALS 16 00 N 93 40 E 7.43
HEXT ROCK 12 08 N 98 16 E 8.64 JUBILEE CHANNEL 11 19 N 98 15 E 8.71
HEYWOOD CHANNEL 18 34 N 93 49 E 7.48 JUNGLE ISLAND 13 20 N 93 03 E 9.27
HICKMAN SHOAL 13 42 N 93 59 E 9.5
HIGH ISLAND 16 37 N 94 18 E 7.58
HIGH PEAKED ISLAND 11 27 N 98 08 E 8.71 K
HIKKADUWA POINT 6 08 N 80 06 E 4.22
HIN PAYAN 8 30 N 97 40 E 8.105 KABOSA ISLAND 12 48 N 97 51 E 8.47
HIN PUSAR 8 37 N 97 39 E 8.104 KABRA ISLAND 7 18 N 93 51 E 9.71
HINDELUNATTU 6 07 N 80 24 E 4.21 KABYACHAUNG 11 27 N 98 43 E 8.78
HINIDUMA KANDA 6 20 N 80 18 E 4.2 KACHCHAITIVU 9 23 N 79 25 E 4.62
HITADU 1 48 N 73 25 E 5.59 KACHCHTIVU 9 23 N 79 25 E 4.62
HMAWUN LUMPS 16 34 N 96 15 E 8.13 KADALUR POINT 11 28 N 75 38 E 3.25
HNGETPYAW KYUN 15 11 N 97 43 E 8.29 KADAN KYUN 12 40 N 98 21 E 8.44
HNGETTHAIK KYUN 13 32 N 98 08 E 8.34 KADAN KYUN SOUND 12 37 N 98 26 E 8.44
HOBDAY ISLAND 11 32 N 92 37 E 9.21 KADAPAKKAM LIGHT 12 17 N 80 01 E 6.11
HOINIPOH BAY 7 58 N 93 26 E 9.63 KADDAIKADU 9 34 N 80 29 E 4.53
HOLLY ISLAND 12 00 N 98 12 E 8.67 KADEAWELLA POINT 8 12 N 81 26 E 4.44
HOMFRAY STRAIT 12 15 N 92 52 E 9.34 KAHANDAWA ROCKS 6 03 N 80 54 E 4.31
HONAVAR 14 17 N 74 27 E 3.10 KAKANA 9 07 N 92 48 E 9.54
HONDEDU 0 27 N 73 00 E 5.63 KAKANA TAUNG 15 41 N 97 43 E 8.25
HOPE ISLAND 16 49 N 82 20 E 6.24 KAKINADA BAY 17 00 N 82 19 E 6.27
HOPE POINT 15 21 N 97 43 E 8.27 KALA KYUN 12 30 N 98 30 E 8.52
HORSBURGH ATOLL 4 52 N 72 55 E 5.31 KALA TAUNG 10 40 N 98 29 E 8.83
HORSBURGH ISLAND 10 12 N 97 53 E 8.90 KALAMETIYA POINT 6 04 N 80 56 E 4.31
HORSESHOE SHOAL 20 05 N 92 51 E 7.34 KALEGAUK ISLAND 15 33 N 97 40 E 8.26
HUGLI POINT 22 13 N 88 04 E 7.6 KALINGAPATAM 18 20 N 84 09 E 6.34
HUGLI RIVER ENTRANCE 21 39 N 88 01 E 7.4 KALMUNAI POINT 9 36 N 80 03 E 4.61
HUMANI POINT 22 29 N 69 04 E 1.16 KALPENI 10 06 N 73 39 E 5.12
HUMANI POINT 22 29 N 69 04 E 1.10 KALUTARA 6 35 N 79 58 E 4.19
HUNTERS BAY 19 55 N 93 19 E 7.35 KALUWATTE GALA 6 39 N 79 53 E 4.18
HUT BAY 10 36 N 92 35 E 9.51 KALWIN POINT 12 29 N 98 36 E 8.52
KAMARAJAR PORT 13 16 N 80 20 E 6.14
KANDAUNG PROMONTORY 14 40 N 97 53 E 8.32
I KANDLA 23 00 N 70 13 E 1.30
KANDUDU 5 39 N 73 16 E 5.25
IHAVANDHIPPOLHU ATOLL 7 02 N 72 54 E 5.17 KANDUFURI 2 32 N 73 00 E 5.56
ILEYA 7 25 N 93 42 E 9.65 KANIKA SAND 20 47 N 87 00 E 6.45
ILLUKATIYA POINT 6 30 N 81 42 E 4.37 KANKESANTURAI 9 49 N 80 03 E 4.57
IMMA 4 18 N 73 34 E 5.36 KANNIYAKUMARI PORT 8 05 N 77 32 E 3.39
INGLIS ISLAND 12 08 N 93 07 E 9.39 KANSA ROCK 18 50 N 72 54 E 2.30
INGLIS SHOALS 12 06 N 93 08 E 9.39 KANTU ROCKS 13 20 N 98 24 E 8.42
INTERVIEW ISLAND 12 55 N 92 42 E 9.13 KAO PHRAMI 9 18 N 98 28 E 8.97
INVESTIGATOR BANK 8 32 N 73 17 E 5.14 KAP LIGHT 13 13 N 74 44 E 3.16
INVESTIGATOR CHANNEL 10 15 N 97 56 E 8.90 KARACHI 24 47 N 66 59 E 1.3
INVESTIGATOR LEDGE 18 01 N 94 09 E 7.42 KARACHI ROCK 10 37 N 98 23 E 8.84
INVESTIGATOR PASSAGE 12 45 N 97 48 E 8.47 KARAIKAL PORT 10 50 N 79 51 E 6.5
INVESTIGATOR PATCH 13 57 N 93 16 E 9.4 KARAITIVU 9 44 N 79 53 E 4.57
INVESTIGATOR REEF 22 36 N 69 33 E 1.19 KARATHURI BAY 10 58 N 98 36 E 8.79
INVESTIGATOR ROCK 11 20 N 92 37 E 9.23 KARDIVA 4 58 N 73 27 E 5.33
INVESTIGATOR ROCK 18 58 N 84 42 E 6.36 KARDIVA CHANNEL 5 00 N 73 30 E 5.32
INVISIBLE BANK 11 10 N 93 31 E 9.7 KARWAR 14 49 N 74 07 E 3.4
IRNATIVU NORTH 9 17 N 79 59 E 4.61 KASARAGOD 12 29 N 75 00 E 3.19
IRON ISLAND 12 45 N 98 20 E 8.43 KATAGARAMA PEAK 6 23 N 81 20 E 4.34
IRON PASSAGE 12 42 N 98 22 E 8.50 KATCHALL ISLAND 7 56 N 93 22 E 9.63

Pub. 173
 Index—Gazetteer 333

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
KATHEMA KYUN 13 40 N 98 11 E 8.39 KUTUDBIA ISLAND 21 51 N 91 52 E 7.22
KATHERINE ISLAND 11 18 N 98 13 E 8.71 KWANGTUNG STRAIT 12 06 N 93 04 E 9.37
KATTUPALLI PORT 13 18 N 80 21 E 6.15 KYAUKPANDU 19 29 N 93 30 E 7.37
KATUKURUNDU 5 58 N 80 23 E 4.25 KYAUKPYU 19 25 N 93 33 E 7.40
KATYANG 10 51 N 98 16 E 8.82 KYAUKPYU HARBOR 19 27 N 93 34 E 7.37
KAVARATTI ISLAND 10 34 N 72 39 E 5.10 KYAUKPYU KYUN 13 46 N 97 55 E 8.19
KAVITI BEACON 19 02 N 84 42 E 6.36 KYAUNGTHA RIVER 16 57 N 94 26 E 7.58
KAWSONG HARBOR 9 59 N 98 33 E 8.102 KYETTAIK KYUN 15 10 N 97 45 E 8.29
KAYAING RIVER 18 45 N 94 09 E 7.52 KYUN PILA 10 34 N 98 00 E 8.89
KAYO ISLAND 12 04 N 98 24 E 8.74 KYUNGYI 15 05 N 97 44 E 8.30
KAYTS 9 42 N 79 51 E 4.60 KYUNHLA TAUNG 13 02 N 98 28 E 8.45
KELAI 6 58 N 73 13 E 5.23 KYUNTHAYA 19 43 N 93 27 E 7.35
KENNEDY ISLAND 11 50 N 98 28 E 8.75
KHAMBHAT 22 18 N 72 37 E 2.21
KHANDERI ISLAND 18 42 N 72 49 E 2.30 L
KHANHOJI ANGRE 18 42 N 72 49 E 2.30
KHARNDUDU 5 39 N 73 16 E 5.25 LABYRINTH ISLANDS 11 35 N 92 34 E 9.21
KHLONG BANGBEN 9 39 N 98 29 E 8.102 LACAMS CHANNEL 21 13 N 88 24 E 7.10
KHORI CREEK 23 30 N 68 20 E 1.8 LA-E-ALE ISLAND 12 20 N 98 15 E 8.60
KHUDDI CREEK 24 36 N 67 12 E 1.6 LA-E-ATET ISLAND 12 18 N 98 15 E 8.60
KILTAN ISLAND 11 29 N 73 00 E 5.4 LAEM KRANGNOI 8 50 N 98 15 E 8.107
KIMOIS BAY 9 07 N 92 46 E 9.54 LAEM KRANGYAI 8 44 N 98 14 E 8.107
KINGS BANK SAND 16 44 N 96 12 E 8.13 LAFUL ANCHORAGE 7 10 N 93 54 E 9.72
KINNEARS PASSAGE 10 59 N 98 28 E 8.79 LALLA ROOKH ISLAND 11 30 N 98 30 E 8.76
KLONG BAGATAE 8 35 N 98 14 E 8.108 LAMP ISLAND 9 43 N 98 01 E 8.94
KLONG KOKAK 8 41 N 98 15 E 8.107 LANDFALL ISLAND 13 39 N 93 02 E 9.5
KNAP 12 13 N 98 02 E 8.61 LANDS END 9 10 N 79 26 E 4.11
KO CHAN 9 25 N 97 52 E 8.96 LATOUCHE ISLAND 13 05 N 92 43 E 9.13
KO HUYONG 8 29 N 97 39 E 8.105 LATTADIA ISLAND 21 35 N 91 51 E 7.24
KO KAM YAI 9 29 N 98 21 E 8.99 LAWS ISLAND 19 26 N 93 37 E 7.37
KO KHAN 9 52 N 98 26 E 8.99 LENYA RIVER 11 40 N 98 43 E 8.78
KO LUMPHUK 8 19 N 98 16 E 8.108 LESLIE'S GARDEN 11 47 N 98 20 E 8.75
KO PAYAN 8 31 N 97 39 E 8.105 LETKAT TAUNG 13 55 N 98 06 E 8.33
KO PAYANG 8 30 N 97 38 E 8.105 LION ROCK 12 24 N 97 49 E 8.48
KO SIMILAN 8 39 N 97 39 E 8.104 LITTLE ANDAMAN ISLAND 10 42 N 92 31 E 9.51
KOATTEY 0 35 S 73 05 E 5.69 LITTLE BASSES REEF 6 24 N 81 44 E 4.38
KODUWAKATTUMALAI 8 52 N 81 05 E 4.52 LITTLE COCO ISLAND 14 00 N 93 14 E 9.4
KOH BORN 8 51 N 97 48 E 8.104 LITTLE NICOBAR ISLAND 7 20 N 93 42 E 9.65
KOH CHANG 9 50 N 98 27 E 8.99 LITTLE QUOIN ISLAND 16 39 N 94 20 E 7.58
KOH CHONG PIANAM 9 34 N 98 23 E 8.99 LITTLE RUSSELL ISLAND 10 13 N 98 15 E 8.86
KOH PIAM 9 44 N 98 25 E 8.99 LITTLE TORRES ISLANDS 11 43 N 97 35 E 8.62
KOH TASAI 9 04 N 97 50 E 8.104 LIVOCK BAY 11 28 N 98 14 E 8.69
KOHINUR SHOAL 21 07 N 91 38 E 7.19 LOKTHAMA KYUN 11 54 N 98 27 E 8.74
KOILTHOTTAM 8 59 N 76 32 E 3.32 LOLIEM POINT 14 55 N 74 03 E 3.4
KOKUNYE KYUN 15 18 N 97 43 E 8.27 LOLIEN POINT 14 55 N 74 03 E 3.4
KOLACHEL 8 10 N 77 15 E 3.38 LONG ISLAND 12 24 N 92 57 E 9.32
KOLKATA 22 33 N 88 19 E 7.9 LONG ISLAND 12 48 N 98 31 E 8.45
KOLLAM 8 53 N 76 35 E 3.31 LONG SAND 16 04 N 94 28 E 8.8
KOLUMADULU ATOLL 2 23 N 73 08 E 5.56 LONGSTONES REEF 16 06 N 97 32 E 8.22
KONADA 18 01 N 83 34 E 6.33 LORD LOUGHBOROUGH ISLAND 10 27 N 97 55 E 8.89
KONDUL HARBOR 7 12 N 93 43 E 9.68 LOUGHBOROUGH PASSAGE 10 30 N 97 57 E 8.89
KONDUL ISLAND 7 13 N 93 43 E 9.68 LOW ISLET 18 58 N 94 00 E 7.51
KONGALA 6 34 N 81 42 E 4.39 LOWER GASPER LIGHT VESSEL 21 22 N 88 10 E 7.5
KORONGE ISLAND 16 32 N 94 15 E 7.59 LUHARA POINT 21 39 N 72 32 E 2.18
KOTADA BLUFF 21 07 N 71 58 E 2.8 LUSHINGTON SHOAL 22 38 N 68 47 E 1.10
KOTARA ANCHORAGE 11 59 N 92 45 E 9.42 LYS SHOAL 12 39 N 98 25 E 8.44
KOTESHWAR LIGHT 23 40 N 68 32 E 1.8
KOTTAGODA POINT 5 57 N 80 38 E 4.29
KOTTAPALLI 9 19 N 76 23 E 3.32 M
KOTTAPATAM 15 26 N 80 10 E 6.20
KOVALAM POINT 8 23 N 76 58 E 3.37 MACHILIPATNAM 16 09 N 81 09 E 6.23
KOVILTHOTTAM 8 59 N 76 32 E 3.32 MACKENZIE ISLAND 10 04 N 97 59 E 8.90
KOZHIKODE 11 15 N 75 46 E 3.27 MACKEY BANK 13 20 N 92 46 E 9.12
KRISHNA RIVER 15 45 N 80 54 E 6.21 MACLEOD ISLAND 12 25 N 98 09 E 8.59
KRISHNA SHOAL 15 41 N 95 37 E 8.11 MACPHERSON STRAIT 11 30 N 92 36 E 9.22
KRISHNAPATNAM 14 15 N 80 08 E 6.18 MADA GALA 6 02 N 80 09 E 4.23
KUDA HUVADU 2 41 N 72 54 E 5.54 MADHWAD BAY 20 42 N 70 56 E 2.2
KUDA POINT 21 38 N 72 18 E 2.15 MADRAS 13 06 N 80 18 E 6.13
KUDAHUVADU CHANNEL 2 40 N 73 15 E 5.55 MADUNI FARO 5 53 N 72 54 E 5.29
KUDREMALAI POINT 8 32 N 79 52 E 4.14 MADUNI FARO 6 51 N 72 57 E 5.22
KUMBARU POINT 18 13 N 72 56 E 2.35 MAFURI 0 50 N 73 08 E 5.63
KUMLA PATCH 12 58 N 98 28 E 8.45 MAGAMPURA PORT 6 07 N 81 06 E 4.33
KUMPTA POINT 14 25 N 74 23 E 3.9 MAGDALLA 21 09 N 72 45 E 2.10
KUMTA POINT 14 25 N 74 23 E 3.9 MAGYI KYUN 18 44 N 94 00 E 7.50
KUNDAPUR 13 38 N 74 41 E 3.14 MAHANADI RIVER 20 18 N 86 44 E 6.42
KUNDUGAL POINT 9 15 N 79 13 E 4.9 MAHE 11 42 N 75 32 E 3.25
KURA ISLET 16 06 N 73 27 E 2.47 MAHIM 19 39 N 72 43 E 2.25
KURELI 2 47 N 73 21 E 5.50 MAHRATTA ROCK 13 42 N 98 11 E 8.39
KUSHIPUR POINT 16 57 N 73 17 E 2.42 MAHUVA BAY 21 02 N 71 47 E 2.8
KUSULDIVA GUDDA 14 38 N 74 16 E 3.7 MAINGY ISLAND 12 31 N 98 15 E 8.50
KUTUBDIA CHANNEL 21 42 N 91 52 E 7.23 MAIPURA RIVER 20 42 N 87 00 E 6.43
KUTUBDIA CHANNEL 21 44 N 91 52 E 7.24 MAISKHAL CHANNEL 21 30 N 91 59 E 7.24

Pub. 173
334 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
MAISKHAL ISLAND 21 37 N 91 56 E 7.22 MONTGOMERY ISLAND 11 56 N 92 35 E 9.19
MAKUNUDU ATOLL 6 20 N 72 36 E 5.26 MORRISON BAY 12 00 N 98 21 E 8.73
MALACCA VILLAGE 9 10 N 92 49 E 9.54 MOSCOS CHANNEL 14 30 N 97 51 E 8.19
MALANGARH 19 06 N 73 11 E 2.30 MOSCOS ISLANDS 14 10 N 97 48 E 8.19
MALAY ISLAND 11 32 N 92 37 E 9.21 MOULMEIN HARBOR 16 29 N 97 37 E 8.24
MALCOM ISLAND 11 18 N 98 32 E 8.77 MOULMEIN RIVER 16 09 N 97 31 E 8.20
MALE 4 10 N 73 30 E 5.37 MOUNT DELLI 12 02 N 75 12 E 3.20
MALE ATOLL 4 25 N 73 30 E 5.35 MOUNT DILL 12 02 N 75 12 E 3.20
MALPE 13 21 N 74 42 E 3.15 MOUNT LAVINIA 6 50 N 79 52 E 4.17
MALVAN BAY 16 06 N 73 28 E 2.48 MOUNT TODD 20 23 N 92 42 E 7.32
MALVAN ROCK 16 02 N 73 26 E 2.49 MOUSE ISLAND 12 15 N 98 15 E 8.63
MAMIGILI 3 30 N 72 50 E 5.45 MUDWAH POINT 22 46 N 69 30 E 1.13
MANADU 5 47 N 73 24 E 5.25 MUL DWARKA 20 45 N 70 40 E 1.37
MANAPPAD POINT 8 22 N 78 04 E 4.4 MULAKU ATOLL 3 00 N 73 29 E 5.50
MANDALAY 21 59 N 96 08 E 8.16 MULLAITTIVU SHOALS 9 18 N 80 51 E 4.52
MANDRELL REEF 12 57 N 98 32 E 8.45 MUMBAI 18 56 N 72 51 E 2.30
MANDVI 22 50 N 69 21 E 1.12 MUNDRA PORT 22 54 N 69 42 E 1.14
MANDWA BAY 20 42 N 70 56 E 2.2 MURADU 6 33 N 72 54 E 5.23
MANGALORE 12 51 N 74 50 E 3.18 MURICAADI MUNAI 8 12 N 81 26 E 4.44
MANGALORE OLD PORT 12 51 N 74 50 E 3.18 MURUDJANJIRA HARBOR 18 18 N 72 57 E 2.34
MANGROVE BAY 11 41 N 92 43 E 9.47 MUS 9 14 N 92 47 E 9.54
MANIARA 23 28 N 68 37 E 1.8 MUTAPOLLI BANK 15 26 N 80 21 E 6.16
MANNAR ISLAND 9 05 N 79 50 E 4.12 MUTTAM POINT 8 07 N 77 19 E 3.39
MANNERS STRAIT 11 20 N 92 42 E 9.49 MUTTUM POINT 8 07 N 77 19 E 3.39
MANORA POINT 24 47 N 66 59 E 1.2 MUTWAL POINT 6 58 N 79 51 E 4.16
MANSFIELD PATCH 9 10 N 79 18 E 4.10 MYANG SHOAL 10 39 N 98 20 E 8.84
MARBLE ISLAND 10 45 N 98 18 E 8.82 MYENGUN KYUN 20 00 N 92 58 E 7.34
MARBLE POINT 8 31 N 81 13 E 4.49 MYINI ISLETS 12 24 N 98 26 E 8.57
MARCUS ISLAND 12 39 N 98 12 E 8.50 MYINKWA AW 13 33 N 98 09 E 8.34
MAREGIRI 5 31 N 72 49 E 5.29
MARIA ISLAND 11 27 N 98 00 E 8.70
MARIAN ISLAND 11 51 N 98 12 E 8.68 N
MARMAGAO BAY 15 26 N 73 48 E 2.54
MARMUGAO HEAD 15 24 N 73 48 E 2.54 NAF RIVER 20 43 N 92 22 E 7.31
MARSACK SHOALS 12 57 N 92 57 E 9.29 NAGAPPATTINAM 10 46 N 79 51 E 6.3
MARSHALL CHANNEL 14 10 N 93 22 E 9.3 NAGARI HILLS 13 34 N 79 37 E 6.17
MARSHALL ROCK 9 23 N 97 49 E 8.96 NAGORE 10 50 N 79 50 E 6.4
MARTIN ISLAND 12 07 N 98 09 E 8.63 NAGWA POINT 20 42 N 70 54 E 2.2
MARTINI SANDS 20 13 N 92 44 E 7.33 NAKTI CREEK 22 56 N 70 09 E 1.29
MASANUTIPPA TEMPLE 16 39 N 82 19 E 6.24 NAMUNAKULI 6 57 N 81 06 E 4.2
MATIWARI 4 12 N 72 44 E 5.45 NANCOWRY LEDGE 12 20 N 92 56 E 9.32
MATLA RIVER 21 37 N 88 41 E 7.11 NANCOWRY ROCK 13 48 N 74 33 E 3.13
MAUNGMAGAN BAY 14 09 N 98 04 E 8.33 NANCOWRY STRAIT 11 52 N 93 03 E 9.40
MAUNGMAGAN PASSAGE 14 00 N 97 50 E 8.19 NANTHA KYUN 18 04 N 94 05 E 7.42
MAW DENGI 15 57 N 94 15 E 8.3 NARASAPUR POINT 16 18 N 81 43 E 6.24
MAWYUT POINT 11 31 N 98 32 E 8.78 NARAYANGANJ 23 37 N 90 32 E 7.17
MAYABANDAR SETTLEMENT 12 56 N 92 55 E 9.31 NARCONDAM ISLAND 13 26 N 94 17 E 9.8
MAYAN ISLAND 12 15 N 98 17 E 8.63 NASAPO KYUN 19 39 N 93 33 E 7.39
MAYO BAY 18 18 N 94 22 E 7.55 NAT KYUN 15 10 N 97 44 E 8.29
MAYU RIVER 20 13 N 92 45 E 7.32 NAVAL POINT 8 02 N 93 22 E 9.62
MEGHNA FLATS 21 30 N 90 24 E 7.16 NAVIBANDAR 21 27 N 69 47 E 1.35
MENCHAL ISLAND 7 24 N 93 45 E 9.65 NAVINAL POINT 22 44 N 69 43 E 1.13
MERGUI 12 28 N 98 36 E 8.54 NAWABANDAR 20 44 N 71 05 E 2.5
MERGUI ISLANDS 12 10 N 98 25 E 8.55 NEARCHUS PASSAGE 11 53 N 97 34 E 8.62
MERMAID PASSAGE 12 22 N 97 51 E 8.48 NEARCHUS ROCK 11 42 N 97 52 E 8.62
METCALFE ISLAND 9 26 N 98 21 E 8.99 NEGAPATAM 10 46 N 79 51 E 6.3
MEWSTONE ISLAND 12 04 N 98 02 E 8.63 NEGOMBO POINT 7 12 N 79 48 E 4.16
MIBYA KYUN 13 36 N 98 12 E 8.39 NEILL ISLAND 11 50 N 93 03 E 9.40
MIDDLE BANK 12 32 N 92 25 E 9.7 NERBUDDA SHOAL 18 22 N 93 59 E 7.49
MIDDLE BANK 16 30 N 96 20 E 8.13 NETRANI 14 01 N 74 20 E 3.11
MIDDLE BANK 19 04 N 93 59 E 7.52 NEW ISLAND 21 33 N 88 11 E 7.5
MIDDLE BUTTON ISLAND 12 17 N 93 02 E 9.36 NEW MANGALORE 12 55 N 74 49 E 3.17
MIDDLE GROUND 15 38 N 97 42 E 8.27 NEW SHOAL 18 05 N 94 15 E 7.42
MIDDLE ISLAND 9 04 N 97 50 E 8.104 NGAYOT BAY 16 34 N 94 18 E 7.58
MIDDLE PASSAGE 12 49 N 98 20 E 8.50 NGAYOT TAUNG 16 32 N 94 24 E 7.58
MIDDLE POINT 8 34 N 81 12 E 4.50 NHAVA ISLAND 18 58 N 72 57 E 2.30
MIDDLETON BAR 21 36 N 88 03 E 7.5 NICHOLSON ISLAND 12 06 N 92 58 E 9.37
MIDU 0 35 S 73 14 E 5.67 NICOBAR ISLANDS 8 00 N 93 30 E 9.53
MILADUMMADULU ATOLL 6 10 N 73 08 E 5.24 NILANDU 3 05 N 72 54 E 5.52
MILESTONE ROCK 16 40 N 94 17 E 7.58 NILEWELLI POINT 5 57 N 80 43 E 4.30
MILLS PASSAGE 12 15 N 92 55 E 9.35 NILOT POINT 11 44 N 75 30 E 3.24
MILLS PATCH 18 19 N 94 15 E 7.54 NINDAKARA 8 56 N 76 33 E 3.33
MINERVA BAY 13 19 N 93 04 E 9.26 NISHANBOTU 14 42 N 79 56 E 6.19
MINERVA LEDGE 12 04 N 93 09 E 9.40 NIZAMPATAM BAY 15 42 N 80 33 E 6.21
MINICOY ISLAND 8 17 N 73 03 E 5.13 NOPU TAUNG SABA 11 13 N 98 39 E 8.79
MIROE ISLAND 7 31 N 93 32 E 9.64 NORMAN’S POINT 22 12 N 91 49 E 7.20
MIRYA DONGHUR 17 02 N 73 16 E 2.41 NORTH BAY 8 00 N 93 21 E 9.63
MIRYA HEAD 17 02 N 73 16 E 2.41 NORTH BUTTON ISLAND 12 19 N 93 05 E 9.36
MONEY ISLAND 11 50 N 98 17 E 8.74 NORTH DELAY SHOAL 20 30 N 92 15 E 7.28
MONGLA ANCHORAGE 22 28 N 89 35 E 7.14 NORTH ISLAND 14 28 N 97 47 E 8.19
MONGLA FAIRWAY LIGHTBUOY 21 27 N 89 34 E 7.13 NORTH LEDGE 14 31 N 97 49 E 8.33
MONKEY POINT 16 46 N 96 12 E 8.13 NORTH PASSAGE ISLAND 12 16 N 92 56 E 9.33

Pub. 173
 Index—Gazetteer 335

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
NORTH PASSAGE REEF 13 26 N 93 06 E 9.25 PATENGA POINT 22 13 N 91 48 E 7.20
NORTH PATCHES 21 43 N 91 44 E 7.19 PATHFINDER INLET 22 28 N 69 40 E 1.21
NORTH PHIPPS ISLAND 10 10 N 98 17 E 8.86 PATHIYANKARA 9 14 N 76 25 E 3.32
NORTH REEF ISLAND 13 05 N 92 43 E 9.13 PATIRAJJA POINT 6 10 N 81 14 E 4.35
NORTH ROCKS 15 46 N 97 39 E 8.25 PATTANAMARUDUR 8 55 N 78 11 E 4.7
NORTH ROCKY ISLAND 9 53 N 97 58 E 8.94 PAVANGA SHOAL 21 51 N 89 30 E 7.13
NORTH ROUND ISLAND 12 15 N 98 23 E 8.55 PAVAS POINT 16 54 N 73 17 E 2.43
NORTH SANDS 14 41 N 97 50 E 8.32 PAWDI TAUNG 14 57 N 97 52 E 8.31
NORTH SENTINEL ISLAND 11 33 N 92 14 E 9.8 PAYI KYUN 12 22 N 98 26 E 8.57
NORTH SENTINEL ISLET 10 57 N 97 58 E 8.80 PAZIN KYUN 13 48 N 98 04 E 8.33
NORTH SHOAL 19 28 N 93 30 E 7.37 PECK SHOALS 11 32 N 92 38 E 9.22
NORTH TERRIBLE 19 27 N 93 16 E 7.29 PEGU RIVER 16 46 N 96 13 E 8.13
NORTH TWIN ISLAND 10 38 N 97 42 E 8.88 PEINNECHAUNG KYUN 19 57 N 93 05 E 7.35
NORTHBROOK PATCH 7 59 N 93 29 E 9.62 PENNER RIVER ENTRANCE 14 35 N 80 11 E 6.19
NUMARA 6 26 N 73 03 E 5.24 PERFORATED ISLAND 8 51 N 97 48 E 8.104
NYAWBYIN BAY 13 40 N 98 08 E 8.34 PETERSON ROCK 11 50 N 98 06 E 8.68
PETRIE ISLAND 11 58 N 92 37 E 9.19
PHAETON SHOALS 15 47 N 94 14 E 8.6
O PHAUNGKALA TAUNG 15 35 N 97 50 E 8.25
PHITTI CREEK 24 40 N 67 09 E 1.4
OBSERVATION ISLAND 11 59 N 97 55 E 8.61 PHOENIX BAY 11 40 N 92 45 E 9.46
OKHA 22 28 N 69 05 E 1.17 PICKWICK ISLAND 12 01 N 98 16 E 8.67
OKHAMANDAL PENINSULA 22 29 N 69 05 E 1.17 PIGEON INLAND 8 43 N 81 12 E 4.54
OLAHALI 4 41 N 73 26 E 5.35 PIGEON ISLAND 11 47 N 98 13 E 8.69
OLIVELIFURI 5 17 N 73 36 E 5.32 PIGEON ISLAND 14 01 N 74 20 E 3.11
OLIVER ISLAND 13 00 N 93 00 E 9.29 PIGEON ISLAND 17 37 N 83 14 E 6.29
ONA GALA 7 00 N 79 50 E 4.17 PILLAR ROCK 17 29 N 83 01 E 6.28
ONE FATHOM PATCH 13 36 N 93 02 E 9.10 PILLINAWA POINT 6 22 N 81 34 E 4.37
OROL KAICHA 12 11 N 92 46 E 9.41 PILOT REEF 12 01 N 93 02 E 9.39
OSMASTON SHOAL 12 21 N 92 58 E 9.33 PINNACLE ROCK 12 59 N 98 14 E 8.46
OSPREY ROCKS 18 40 N 94 05 E 7.49 PINWUN MAW 10 45 N 98 28 E 8.83
OTTIVAKAM HILL 12 48 N 80 07 E 6.12 PIPAVAV BANDAR 20 54 N 71 31 E 2.7
OUBLIEE ROCK 12 26 N 97 58 E 8.48 PIROTAN ISLAND 22 36 N 69 57 E 1.25
OUTER TUNA LIGHTED BUOY 22 51 N 70 07 E 1.30 PITI SAND BANK 10 46 N 72 33 E 5.9
OUTRAM HARBOR 12 15 N 93 06 E 9.37 PITTI ISLAND 10 46 N 72 33 E 5.9
OUTRAM ISLAND 12 15 N 93 06 E 9.37 PLUTO ISLAND 11 33 N 92 38 E 9.21
OWEN ISLAND 11 14 N 98 15 E 8.72 POCOCK ISLAND 13 34 N 93 04 E 9.24
OYSTER ISLAND 12 59 N 92 59 E 9.29 POINT CALIMERE 10 17 N 79 52 E 6.2
OYSTER ISLAND 20 12 N 92 32 E 7.28 POINT ISLAND 13 24 N 92 50 E 9.12
OYSTER REEF 20 05 N 92 39 E 7.28 POINT PEDRO 9 50 N 80 15 E 4.54
OYSTER ROCK 19 00 N 93 59 E 7.51 POINT PUDI 13 47 N 80 15 E 6.17
OYSTER ROCKS 14 49 N 74 04 E 3.4 POLLOCK BAY 14 09 N 93 23 E 9.4
PONDICHERRI 11 56 N 79 50 E 6.10
PONDICHERRY 11 56 N 79 50 E 6.10
P PONDICHERRY LIGHT 11 55 N 79 50 E 6.10
PONNANI 10 47 N 75 55 E 3.29
PAGE ISLET 12 36 N 98 10 E 8.50 PONTAMAU ISLAND 17 19 N 94 30 E 7.57
PAGET ISLAND 13 26 N 92 50 E 9.12 PORBANDAR 21 38 N 69 36 E 1.34
PAGODA POINT 15 12 N 97 46 E 8.28 PORT ANDAMAN 12 44 N 92 42 E 9.14
PAGODA POINT 15 37 N 97 44 E 8.25 PORT ANSON 12 16 N 92 44 E 9.17
PAGODA POINT 15 57 N 94 15 E 8.3 PORT BANKOT 17 59 N 73 03 E 2.36
PAINE KYUN 12 55 N 98 11 E 8.46 PORT BLAIR 11 41 N 92 45 E 9.43
PAINES REEF 11 18 N 98 18 E 8.72 PORT CAMPBELL 11 57 N 92 35 E 9.19
PAIRA ROCK 8 35 N 93 36 E 9.57 PORT CANNING 22 19 N 88 39 E 7.12
PAK CHIK 9 09 N 98 16 E 8.106 PORT CHAUL 18 33 N 72 55 E 2.33
PAK KOH 8 52 N 98 15 E 8.106 PORT CORNWALLIS 13 17 N 93 05 E 9.26
PAK KRUEN 9 01 N 98 15 E 8.106 PORT DABHOL 17 35 N 73 10 E 2.38
PAK KURA 9 16 N 98 20 E 8.106 PORT MARIA 12 23 N 98 03 E 8.49
PALAR RIVER 12 28 N 80 10 E 6.11 PORT MEADOWS 12 01 N 92 46 E 9.41
PALATUPANA POINT 6 14 N 81 22 E 4.36 PORT MOUAT 11 37 N 92 38 E 9.20
PALK BAY 9 30 N 79 30 E 4.59 PORT MUHAMMAD BIN QASIM 24 46 N 67 20 E 1.5
PALK STRAIT 10 00 N 80 00 E 4.55 PORT OLUVIL 7 17 N 81 51 E 4.41
PALLERU RIVER 15 19 N 80 06 E 6.20 PORT OWEN 13 06 N 98 19 E 8.43
PALMYRAS POINT 20 46 N 86 59 E 6.45 PORT REDI 15 45 N 73 39 E 2.52
PALMYRAS SHOALS 20 47 N 87 12 E 6.38 PORTMAN BAY 11 25 N 92 41 E 9.48
PALURU BLUFF 19 26 N 85 08 E 6.39 PORTO NOVO 11 30 N 79 46 E 6.8
PAMBAN 9 17 N 79 13 E 4.63 POSITION ROCK 14 42 N 97 52 E 8.32
PAMBAN ISLAND 9 17 N 79 18 E 4.11 POSITRA BAY 22 26 N 69 09 E 1.18
PAMBAN PASS 9 17 N 79 12 E 4.9 POSITRA POINT 22 25 N 69 12 E 1.18
PANAJI 15 30 N 73 49 E 2.53 POWELL ISLANDS 5 58 N 72 55 E 5.29
PANCHPARA RIVER 21 31 N 87 07 E 7.3 PREPARIS ISLAND 14 53 N 93 42 E 9.2
PANDI ARICHA MUNAI PAAR 8 32 N 81 13 E 4.50 PREPARIS NORTH CHANNEL 15 22 N 93 48 E 9.2
PANJU ISLAND 19 20 N 72 51 E 2.28 PREPARIS SOUTH CHANNEL 14 28 N 93 33 E 9.2
PANTAW ROCKS 18 40 N 94 09 E 7.49 PRONGS REEF LIGHT 18 53 N 72 48 E 2.30
PARADIP 20 16 N 86 41 E 6.41 PRYCE CHANNEL 7 12 N 93 43 E 9.68
PARKER ISLAND 11 57 N 98 15 E 8.73 PUDIMADAKA VILLAGE 17 30 N 83 00 E 6.28
PARVAT GUDI 14 32 N 74 27 E 3.9 PULAU AMPAT 11 10 N 98 37 E 8.79
PASCOE SHOAL 15 10 N 97 45 E 8.29 PULAU TING-NGA 11 12 N 98 39 E 8.79
PASSAGE ISLAND 11 11 N 92 41 E 9.49 PULICAT SHOALS 13 22 N 80 23 E 6.16
PASSAGE ISLAND 12 17 N 98 21 E 8.58 PULO BADA 10 30 N 98 13 E 8.85
PASSAGE ROCK 13 36 N 93 00 E 9.10 PULO BESIN 9 59 N 98 29 E 8.98
PATAW ISLAND 12 27 N 98 35 E 8.52 PULO GABAN 10 58 N 98 13 E 8.87

Pub. 173
336 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
PULO GANGA 9 56 N 98 29 E 8.100 S
PULO HAYAT 10 35 N 98 14 E 8.85
PULO JUNGIS 10 00 N 98 29 E 8.98 SACRAMENTO SHOAL 16 32 N 82 20 E 6.22
PULO MILO ISLAND 7 24 N 93 42 E 9.65 SACRIFICE ROCK 11 30 N 75 32 E 3.26
PULO PERLIN 9 58 N 98 30 E 8.98 SADDLE ISLAND 12 24 N 97 55 E 8.48
PULO PINGNGWE 9 54 N 98 29 E 8.100 SADDLE ISLAND 19 25 N 93 27 E 7.38
PULO REMIAH 10 05 N 98 30 E 8.98 SAGAR ISLAND 21 44 N 88 07 E 7.5
PULO RU 9 57 N 98 32 E 8.100 SAGAR ISLAND LIGHT 21 39 N 88 03 E 7.4
PULO SAUNG KHARANG 9 55 N 98 31 E 8.100 SAGAR ROADS 21 39 N 88 01 E 7.5
PULO TONTON 10 01 N 98 30 E 8.98 SAGU KYUN 18 48 N 93 58 E 7.50
PURI 19 48 N 85 50 E 6.39 SAIL ROCK 18 33 N 93 51 E 7.48
PURIAN BANK 15 53 N 94 22 E 8.8 SAINGBAIN KIEU 16 20 N 94 11 E 7.60
PURIAN POINT 15 50 N 94 24 E 8.5 SALAYA 22 19 N 69 36 E 1.20
PUSUR RIVER 21 46 N 89 30 E 7.13 SALAYA HARBOR 22 26 N 69 33 E 1.20
PYIN ISLAND 12 19 N 98 26 E 8.56 SANDERS ISLAND 9 37 N 97 59 E 8.94
PYINBAN ROCKS 12 44 N 98 34 E 8.45 SANDERSON ROCK 8 07 N 93 27 E 9.60
PYINGYI 13 47 N 98 12 E 8.39 SANDOWAY BAY 18 22 N 94 21 E 7.54
PYRAMID BAY 18 41 N 93 39 E 7.47 SANDOWAY RIVER 18 33 N 94 13 E 7.54
SANDWIP ISLAND 22 28 N 91 29 E 7.17
SANGAMANKANDA POINT 7 01 N 81 52 E 4.40
Q SANTAPALLE ROCKS 18 01 N 83 43 E 6.26
SAPTAMUKHI SAND 21 20 N 88 27 E 7.10
QUILON 8 53 N 76 35 E 3.34 SATARA REEF 18 20 N 84 09 E 6.34
QUOIN ISLAND 10 21 N 98 04 E 8.90 SATBAIA SANDHILL 20 38 N 86 56 E 6.43
QUOIN SANDHILL 21 36 N 87 28 E 7.3 SATELLITE BAY 8 02 N 93 30 E 9.62
SATELLITE LEDGE 18 07 N 94 18 E 7.42
SATELLITE PATCH 8 01 N 93 30 E 9.62
R SAUNDERS SHOAL 20 07 N 92 56 E 7.34
SAUNGGYI KYUN 12 07 N 98 24 E 8.56
RABNABAD CHANNEL ENTRANCE 21 50 N 90 16 E 7.16 SAURIN ISLAND 12 30 N 97 48 E 8.48
RAJAPUR BAY 16 37 N 73 20 E 2.44 SAWAI BAY 9 14 N 92 45 E 9.53
RAKIDU 3 19 N 73 27 E 5.48 SAWAR SAND 21 42 N 89 28 E 7.13
RAMAYPATNAM VILLAGE 15 03 N 80 03 E 6.20 SEARLE PATCH 15 27 N 73 48 E 2.54
RAMREE HARBOR 19 00 N 94 00 E 7.50 SEAWARD PEAK 9 49 N 98 32 E 8.97
RAMREE ISLAND 19 07 N 93 47 E 7.40 SEMIRAMIS BAY 11 42 N 92 44 E 9.45
RAMSOM SHOAL 10 42 N 98 19 E 8.82 SESOSTRIS BANK 13 08 N 72 00 E 5.5
RANGAT BAY 12 29 N 92 58 E 9.32 SESOSTRIS BAY 11 40 N 92 46 E 9.46
RANGER FLAT 11 41 N 92 43 E 9.47 SESOSTRIS SHOAL 11 39 N 92 01 E 9.46
RANGER REEF 13 39 N 93 07 E 9.5 SETSE YELE PAYA 15 57 N 97 36 E 8.24
RANGOON 16 46 N 96 10 E 8.14 SHAHPURI FLAT 20 43 N 92 18 E 7.31
RANSOM REACH 16 17 N 94 39 E 8.8 SHALLINGER SHOAL 14 23 N 80 12 E 6.19
RAS MUARI 24 47 N 66 39 E 1.1 SHARK ISLAND 13 12 N 92 46 E 9.12
RASDU 4 16 N 73 00 E 5.43 SHEARME SAND 15 04 N 97 35 E 8.18
RASDU ATOLL 4 16 N 73 00 E 5.43 SHIAL BET 20 54 N 71 31 E 2.7
RASULPUR RIVER 21 47 N 87 54 E 7.3 SHITPWIN KYUN 10 49 N 98 26 E 8.83
RATI BEACON 18 47 N 84 32 E 6.35 SHOAL BAY 11 56 N 92 47 E 9.42
RATNAGIRI 16 59 N 73 17 E 2.42 SHONG PIANAM 9 34 N 98 28 E 8.102
RATNAGIRI GAS/POWER TERM 17 32 N 73 09 E 2.38 SHORTTS ISLAND 20 47 N 87 05 E 6.43
REDSKIN ISLAND 11 33 N 92 36 E 9.21 SHWE GASFIELD 19 40 N 92 35 E 7.40
REEF ISLAND 13 30 N 92 53 E 9.11 SIDAW TAUNG 15 10 N 97 48 E 8.28
REJU SHOAL 21 17 N 91 59 E 7.19 SIDNEY ISLAND 11 52 N 98 25 E 8.75
RELIANCE SHOAL 19 27 N 93 32 E 7.39 SIKKA 22 26 N 69 50 E 1.23
REMARKABLE ROCK 18 14 N 94 22 E 7.55 SIKKA CREEK ENTRANCE 22 29 N 69 47 E 1.23
RESEARCH STRAIT 19 58 N 93 02 E 7.35 SIKOTAR MATA 22 19 N 72 24 E 2.21
RETKAMAUK TAUNG 19 48 N 93 28 E 7.36 SIL POINT 17 34 N 73 09 E 2.38
REVADANDA PORT 18 33 N 72 55 E 2.33 SIMAR 20 46 N 71 10 E 2.4
RICHELIEU ROCK 9 21 N 98 02 E 8.96 SIMILAN ISLANDS 8 35 N 97 39 E 8.104
RIOU ISLAND 10 56 N 98 26 E 8.79 SIMPSON SHOAL 15 08 N 97 45 E 8.30
RITCHIE’S ARCHIPELAGO 12 03 N 93 02 E 9.37 SIMS REEF 10 02 N 98 29 E 8.98
ROBERT ISLAND 11 24 N 98 30 E 8.77 SINCLAIR SHOAL 14 53 N 97 21 E 8.18
ROCK ISLET 12 35 N 97 54 E 8.47 SINSWE KYUN 16 23 N 94 42 E 8.8
ROCKINGHAM PATCHES 12 41 N 80 15 E 6.11 SIR CHARLES METCALFE ISLAND 12 17 N 97 47 E 8.48
ROCKY POINT 19 00 N 93 41 E 7.43 SIR CREEK 23 38 N 68 02 E 1.7
ROE BANK 10 08 N 96 38 E 8.88 SIR HUGH ROSE ISLAND 11 47 N 93 05 E 9.40
ROGOLOCHANG BAY 12 09 N 92 50 E 9.35 SIR J. MALCOM ISLAND 11 18 N 98 15 E 8.71
ROSAMUND SHOAL 12 04 N 92 58 E 9.38 SIR WILLIAM PEEL ISLAND 12 05 N 93 00 E 9.37
ROSS ISLAND 12 13 N 98 06 E 8.63 SITAKUND MOUNTAIN 22 38 N 91 41 E 7.18
ROSS SAND 14 55 N 97 41 E 8.18 SITAPAROKIA 20 33 N 92 32 E 7.32
ROUND HILL 17 22 N 82 16 E 6.28 SITAPAROKIA PATCHES 20 32 N 92 26 E 7.28
ROUND ISLAND 8 30 N 81 13 E 4.45 SITTANG RIVER ENTRANCE 16 50 N 96 55 E 8.18
ROUND ISLAND 9 55 N 98 33 E 8.100 SITTWE HARBOR 20 08 N 92 54 E 7.34
ROUND MOUNTAIN 9 41 N 98 37 E 8.97 SLAVE ISLAND 9 43 N 98 00 E 8.94
ROZI MATA TEMPLE 22 33 N 70 03 E 1.26 SLIPPER ISLAND 14 11 N 93 22 E 9.3
RUPADIA SANDS 21 27 N 91 57 E 7.24 SMART ISLAND 12 17 N 97 52 E 8.48
RUSSELL ISLAND 10 15 N 98 15 E 8.86 SMITH ISLAND 13 20 N 93 05 E 9.25
RUTLAND ISLAND 11 25 N 92 39 E 9.23 SMYTH ROCK 12 03 N 92 48 E 9.41
RUVAPARI LIGHT 21 47 N 72 14 E 2.16 SOMBRERO CHANNEL 7 41 N 93 36 E 9.64
RYLAND PATCH 10 04 N 98 13 E 8.93 SON ISLAND 11 12 N 98 05 E 8.71
SONADIA ISLAND 21 29 N 91 53 E 7.24
SONNAPURAMPETA 19 07 N 84 47 E 6.37
SOUND ISLAND 12 58 N 92 59 E 9.28
SOUTH BANK 12 16 N 92 26 E 9.7

Pub. 173
 Index—Gazetteer 337

Position Sec. Position Sec.

° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
SOUTH BANKS 9 57 N 79 57 E 4.55 TENLAA BAY 7 02 N 93 56 E 9.73
SOUTH BAY 6 48 N 93 52 E 9.74 TERESSA ISLAND 8 18 N 93 07 E 9.58
SOUTH BAY 7 53 N 93 24 E 9.63 THALIA SHOAL 15 15 N 93 48 E 9.2
SOUTH BUTTON ISLAND 12 13 N 93 02 E 9.36 THAMES POINT 19 09 N 93 36 E 7.41
SOUTH DELAY SHOAL 20 28 N 92 15 E 7.28 THAMIHLA KYUN 15 52 N 94 17 E 8.6
SOUTH DIRECTION ISLAND 12 29 N 98 00 E 8.48 THANE ISLAND 10 02 N 98 30 E 8.98
SOUTH HATIA ISLAND 22 15 N 91 05 E 7.16 THANKES ISLET 12 15 N 98 01 E 8.61
SOUTH HUMP ISLAND 10 11 N 98 20 E 8.86 THANTE FLATS 16 28 N 96 28 E 8.12
SOUTH ISLAND 12 54 N 98 19 E 8.43 THANTE POINT 16 30 N 96 23 E 8.12
SOUTH ISLAND 13 20 N 74 42 E 3.15 THE BROTHERS 10 59 N 92 40 E 9.50
SOUTH ISLAND 8 29 N 97 39 E 8.105 THE FORELAND 10 47 N 98 18 E 8.82
SOUTH MALE ATOLL 4 00 N 73 25 E 5.40 THE SISTERS 11 09 N 92 44 E 9.50
SOUTH PASSAGE ISLAND 11 46 N 98 07 E 8.69 THE SWATCH 23 40 N 67 27 E 1.7
SOUTH PATCHES 21 26 N 91 40 E 7.19 THE TERRIBLES 19 24 N 93 17 E 7.29
SOUTH REEF ISLAND 12 47 N 92 40 E 9.13 THETYAGI ISLAND 12 16 N 98 26 E 8.56
SOUTH ROCKS 12 50 N 98 19 E 8.43 THILADHUNMATHI ATOLL 6 45 N 73 00 E 5.21
SOUTH SANDS 14 39 N 97 52 E 8.32 THIN-BON KYUN 13 38 N 98 11 E 8.39
SOUTH SENTINEL ISLAND 10 58 N 92 14 E 9.8 THODDOO 4 26 N 72 58 E 5.32
SOUTH SHOAL 15 28 N 97 39 E 8.26 THORNHILL ISLAND 13 32 N 92 55 E 9.11
SOUTH TERRIBLE 19 23 N 93 16 E 7.29 THULUSDHOO 4 22 N 73 38 E 5.37
SOUTH TWIN ISLAND 10 28 N 98 41 E 8.88 THYNE BANK 17 46 N 94 19 E 7.43
SOUTH VAZHAPURAM 9 19 N 76 23 E 3.32 TILLANCHANG DWIP 8 31 N 93 38 E 9.57
SOUTHEAST HUMP ISLAND 10 16 N 98 19 E 8.85 TIRUCHENDUR POINT 8 30 N 78 08 E 4.5
SPIKE HILL 16 22 N 94 18 E 7.59 TIRUKKADAIYUR PORT 11 04 N 79 53 E 6.6
SPIKE ISLAND 12 16 N 92 43 E 9.16 TIRUMULLAIVASAL 11 15 N 79 51 E 6.7
SPITEFUL BAY 8 01 N 93 32 E 9.62 TOBY ROCK 15 16 N 97 43 E 8.27
SQUARE ROCK 15 59 N 73 27 E 2.50 TODDU 4 26 N 72 57 E 5.42
SRIVARDHAN POINT 18 01 N 73 00 E 2.35 TOLKESHWAR POINT 17 34 N 73 09 E 2.38
ST. ANDREW'S GROUP 10 10 N 97 55 E 8.90 TONDI 9 45 N 79 01 E 4.64
ST. GEORGES CHANNEL 7 17 N 93 46 E 9.66 TONGUE ISLAND 9 55 N 98 14 E 8.91
ST. JOHN'S ROCKS 17 28 N 94 20 E 7.43 TORILLA ISLAND 9 22 N 97 52 E 8.96
ST. LUKES ISLAND 10 09 N 98 12 E 8.86 TOUNZOUN POINT 16 14 N 97 32 E 8.22
ST. MARKS ISLET 10 03 N 98 13 E 8.93 TOWER HILL 7 43 N 81 24 E 4.43
ST. MARTINS ISLANDS 20 37 N 92 20 E 7.27 TOWN ROCK 16 29 N 97 37 E 8.24
ST. MARTINS REEF 20 37 N 92 13 E 7.28 TRAK ISLAND 7 28 N 93 37 E 9.64
ST. PAULS ISLAND 10 09 N 98 09 E 8.90 TRANQUEBAR 11 01 N 79 51 E 6.6
STEEP SHOAL 10 38 N 98 17 E 8.82 TREE ISLAND 11 32 N 97 58 E 8.70
STEWART ISLAND 13 01 N 92 56 E 9.29 TREE ISLET 11 36 N 72 11 E 5.3
STEWART SOUND 12 54 N 93 00 E 9.28 TRINCOMALEE HARBOR 8 33 N 81 13 E 4.50
STRAIT ISLAND 12 13 N 92 56 E 9.33 TRINKAT CHAMPLONG BAY 7 13 N 93 52 E 9.71
SUBARNAREKHA RIVER 21 34 N 87 23 E 7.3 TRINKAT ISLAND 8 05 N 93 35 E 9.60
SUHELI PAR 10 05 N 72 16 E 5.11 TRIPALUR REEF 12 37 N 80 12 E 6.11
SUNK REEF 13 00 N 92 59 E 9.29 TRIVANDRUM 8 29 N 76 57 E 3.36
SUNK ROCK 18 53 N 72 50 E 2.30 TROMBAY PEAK 19 02 N 72 55 E 2.30
SURATKAL POINT LIGHT 13 00 N 74 47 E 3.16 TROTTER ISLAND 11 53 N 98 16 E 8.73
SUVADIVA ATOLL 0 30 N 73 15 E 5.61 TULUSDU 4 22 N 73 38 E 5.37
SUVALI POINT 21 05 N 72 38 E 2.17 TUMMALAPENTA 14 54 N 80 04 E 6.16
SWATCH OF NO GROUND 21 05 N 89 17 E 7.10 TUNDAHA OBELISK 19 54 N 86 13 E 6.40
SWIRL ROCK 12 25 N 98 11 E 8.59 TURAKUNA 7 07 N 72 54 E 5.18
SYDNEY ISLAND 11 32 N 98 27 E 8.76 TURRETS ISLANDS 10 31 N 98 27 E 8.87
TURTLE ISLANDS 13 22 N 93 05 E 9.25
TUTICORIN 8 48 N 78 10 E 4.6
T TUTTHABO MAW 10 37 N 98 27 E 8.87
TWANTE CANAL 16 46 N 96 08 E 8.13
TABLE ISLAND 14 11 N 93 23 E 9.3 TWIN ROCKS 11 53 N 98 27 E 8.74
TABLE ISLANDS 13 25 N 93 07 E 9.24 TWO FATHOMS ROCK 12 10 N 92 58 E 9.36
TADMA BAY 12 03 N 93 02 E 9.39 TWO HILL ISLAND 10 59 N 98 12 E 8.82
TADMA JURU 12 03 N 92 59 E 9.38 TWO TREE ISLAND 10 16 N 98 14 E 8.86
TADRI RIVER 14 31 N 74 20 E 3.8
TAKLA OYSTER POINT 12 55 N 92 55 E 9.30
TAKUA PA INLET 9 02 N 98 18 E 8.106 U
TALAIMANNAR 9 06 N 79 43 E 4.62
TANGALLA POINT 6 01 N 80 48 E 4.30 U PE BEACON 15 44 N 95 24 E 8.10
TANGASSERI POINT LIGHT 8 53 N 76 43 E 3.34 UKULAHU 4 13 N 72 51 E 5.44
TANKHARO ISLAND 19 30 N 93 32 E 7.37 UKULHAS 4 13 N 72 51 E 5.44
TAPIR HILL 14 36 N 97 55 E 8.33 UMARGAM 20 12 N 72 45 E 2.24
TARAPUR POINT 19 50 N 72 39 E 2.25 UMBARGAON 20 12 N 72 45 E 2.24
TARMUGLI ISLAND 11 35 N 92 34 E 9.21 UMBRELLA ISLAND 9 20 N 98 19 E 8.99
TAUNGYO HILL 21 04 N 92 12 E 7.30 UNA ISLAND 11 52 N 98 18 E 8.74
TAVOY 14 04 N 98 11 E 8.41 UNAWATUNA POINT 6 00 N 80 15 E 4.24
TAVOY ISLAND 13 13 N 98 15 E 8.43 UNGUAN ISLAND 18 26 N 93 55 E 7.49
TAYLOR HILL 13 27 N 92 54 E 9.11 UNION LEDGE 13 32 N 93 11 E 9.24
TAYLOR PATCHES 12 16 N 92 42 E 9.16 UNNIAMOR 22 38 N 68 47 E 1.10
TAYLOR SHOAL 20 15 N 92 25 E 7.28 UPPADA 17 04 N 82 20 E 6.28
TAZINGYUN 16 09 N 94 32 E 8.8 UPPER LONG SAND 21 34 N 87 57 E 7.5
TEKKU 9 14 N 76 25 E 3.32 URAN SHOAL 18 56 N 72 54 E 2.30
TEKRA LIGHT 22 56 N 70 07 E 1.29
TELLICHERRY 11 45 N 75 29 E 3.24
TEMPLE POINT 20 25 N 86 44 E 6.42 V
TEMPLE SOUND 13 25 N 92 51 E 9.11
TEN DEGREE CHANNEL 10 22 N 92 30 E 9.52 V.O. CHIDAMBARANAR PORT 8 48 N 78 10 E 4.5
TENASSERIM ISLAND 12 34 N 97 51 E 8.47 VADINAR OFFSHORE OIL TERMINAL 22 31 N 69 42 E 1.22

Pub. 173
338 Index—Gazetteer
Position Sec. Position Sec.
° ' ° ' Para ° ' ° ' Para
VALINOKKAM POINT 9 09 N 78 39 E 4.8 WEST ISLAND 13 36 N 93 54 E 9.10
VALLANAD 8 43 N 77 54 E 4.6 WEST PASSAGE ISLAND 11 49 N 98 07 E 8.68
VANDELOOS POINT 7 55 N 81 35 E 4.43 WEST POINT 19 22 N 93 28 E 7.40
VAVUL MALA 11 25 N 76 08 E 3.26 WEST SHOAL 18 30 N 93 50 E 7.48
VEIMANDU CHANNEL 2 10 N 73 20 E 5.57 WESTERN ROCKY ISLAND 9 51 N 97 52 E 8.94
VENGURLA ROADS 15 51 N 73 37 E 2.51 WHALE BAY 11 35 N 98 39 E 8.77
VENGURLA ROCKS LIGHT 15 53 N 73 28 E 2.50 WHALE ROCK 11 52 N 98 05 E 8.67
VERA ISLAND 11 29 N 98 32 E 8.77 WHALE ROCK 13 36 N 98 13 E 8.39
VERAGALLE POINT 5 56 N 80 27 E 4.27 WHALEBACK ROCK 10 28 N 98 27 E 8.87
VERAVAL 20 54 N 70 22 E 1.36 WHALERS ROCK 18 37 N 94 12 E 7.53
VERAVAL LIGHT 20 54 N 70 21 E 1.36 WHALES REEF 12 15 N 92 44 E 9.17
VESTAL SHOAL 18 03 N 94 13 E 7.42 WHITE CLIFF ISLAND 13 32 N 92 53 E 9.11
VIBART SHOAL 11 59 N 93 08 E 9.40 WHITE MOUNTAIN 12 51 N 92 55 E 9.14
VIBART SHOAL 16 43 N 94 19 E 7.58 WHITE ROCK 16 29 N 94 15 E 7.60
VICTORIA POINT 9 58 N 98 33 E 8.97 WHITE ROCKS 12 41 N 98 34 E 8.45
VICTORIA POINT HARBOR 9 59 N 98 33 E 8.102 WILLIAMS REEF 11 55 N 98 11 E 8.67
VIJAYADURG HARBOR 16 34 N 73 20 E 2.45 WILSON ISLAND 12 08 N 92 59 E 9.37
VISHAKHAPATNAM 17 41 N 83 18 E 6.30 WIRINGILI 0 45 N 73 26 E 5.61
VOMANI POINT 22 29 N 69 04 E 1.16 WOLF ROCK 15 59 N 94 20 E 8.7
WOODMASON BAY 11 25 N 92 37 E 9.23

W
Y
WA KYUN 15 12 N 97 44 E 8.28
WAAL ISLET 6 08 N 80 06 E 4.21 YAKINIGEDUWA 5 58 N 80 23 E 4.25
WADU 4 07 N 73 27 E 5.40 YANGON 16 46 N 96 10 E 8.14
WAGARU 7 06 N 72 52 E 5.19 YE 15 15 N 97 51 E 8.31
WAGH-GIRI 15 53 N 73 42 E 2.50 YE KYUN 18 37 N 93 47 E 7.48
WALES ROCK 16 28 N 97 37 E 8.24 YE RIVER 15 11 N 97 47 E 8.28
WALTAIR POINT 17 44 N 83 21 E 6.31 YEMYOK ISLAND 12 26 N 98 27 E 8.57
WARNING ROCK 11 54 N 98 05 E 8.67 YETAGUN MARINE TERMINAL 13 04 N 96 51 E 8.36
WARRINGTON STRAITS 10 55 N 98 30 E 8.79 YWATHIT TAUNG 18 48 N 93 37 E 7.47
WASP BAY 8 00 N 93 31 E 9.62
WASP POINT 8 03 N 93 29 E 9.61
WATARU CHANNEL 3 15 N 73 30 E 5.49 Z
WATTARA 17 25 N 82 52 E 6.28
WELIGAMA BAY 5 57 N 80 26 E 4.26 ZA DET GYI ISLAND 9 58 N 98 13 E 8.91
WEST BAY 7 55 N 93 20 E 9.63 ZAHORA ROCK 11 52 N 98 01 E 8.67
WEST CANISTER ISLET 12 41 N 97 43 E 8.47 ZIKHA TAUNG 18 56 N 93 51 E 7.45
WEST CORAL BANK 13 13 N 93 31 E 9.7

Pub. 173