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By Vincent Summers, eHow Contributor
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Potassium chloride, a table salt substitute, has the simple chemical formula KCl. It consists
of one potassium atom combined with one chlorine atom. It might seem easy to react
potassium and chlorine to form potassium chloride. While that does work, as will be shown,
there are easier ways to prepare potassium chloride.
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Solution
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React potassium metal directly How to Make 3M o
Things You'll Need with chlorine gas. (Do not
actually carry out this reaction. It is
Beakers dangerous and can be understood
without doing so.) How to Make Potas
Chemical reagents Hydroxide
In the reaction, the electropositive
Safety equipment potassium atom loses an electron to
form the ⁺1 ion, K⁺. Chlorine, a
halogen, is electronegative and How to Take Potas
Chloride
forms the ⁻1 ion equivalent, Cl⁻. The
reaction between the two elements is:
2 K + Cl₂ ' 2 KCl Qualitative Prepara
Potassium Chlorid
Combine potassium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid. This is an acid-base reaction, and
is the easiest way to prepare potassium chloride. The reaction is:
KOH + HCl ' KCl + H₂O Potassium Chlorid
Source of Potassium
Replace the anion of a weak acid with the anion of a strong acid. As an example,
potassium carbonate is the potassium salt of a weak acid--carbonic acid--H₂CO₃.
Reacting it with hydrochloric acid forms the desired potassium chloride, while Harmful Effects of
regenerating the carbonic acid. Potassium Chlorid
K₂CO₃ + 2 HCl ' 2 KCl + H₂CO₃
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Exchange the anions of two salts. This reaction is useful if one of the salts of the How to Make a Pur
products is insoluble. In the case of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate can be of Potassium
reacted with barium chloride.
K₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ ' 2 KCl + BaSO₄↓
How to Make Amm
Barium sulfate is one of the most insoluble substances known. Acetate Solution
Become familiar with oxidation-reduction reactions.
Potassium hypochlorite reacts with sodium arsenite in the presence of alkali, in this
fashion:
KClO + NaAsO₂ +NaOH ' KCl + Na₂HAsO₄
The potassium hypochlorite is reduced, and the sodium arsenite is oxidized. The
chlorine goes from a ⁺1 to a ⁻1 state. In gaining electrons, the chlorine has been reduced.
The arsenic loses electrons. It has been oxidized.
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References
Kapiolani Community College: Oxidation/Reduction
Georgia State University: Acid-Base Reactions
Resources
Washington University: Ion Exchange Reactions
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