ADVANCED
LANDSCAPING
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ADVANCED LANDSCAPING:MODULE 1
HISTORY OF LANDSCAPE
• Chronological evolution of landscape development in Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome.
• Western: Europe, Italy, France, England.
• Middle-east: Persian traditions, Eastern: China and Japan, Ancient and medieval period in India; Mughal and
Rajput landscapes.
• Park movement in America; contributions of Ian McHarg.
• Contemporary works.
• Cultural landscape.
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ADVANCED LANDSCAPING:MODULE 1
GARDENS
• The etymology of the word garden refers to “Enclosure.”
• Planned space, usually outdoors functioning for a display, cultivation and enjoyment of plants & natural forms.
• Both man-made & natural elements are incorporated.
• Residential gardens, zoological gardens and botanical gardens.
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ADVANCED LANDSCAPING
Landscape development in Ancient Mesopotamia (5000-6000 B.C)
• Built in the Royal Palace in Babylon between 605-562 B.C
• Consists of gardens, porches and terraces rising over arched walls.
• The terraces are covered with stone balconies.
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ADVANCED LANDSCAPING
Landscape development in Ancient Egypt (1400 B.C)
• Garden of Egyptian High court official in
Thebes. Private garden
• Well-planned symmetrical garden with
pergola entrance, tree lined avenues,
ponds and pavilions.
• Divided into walled enclosures to hide
symmetry.
• Temple gardens produced incense,
flowers, vegetables, fruit trees, and
livestock such as fish and fowl for daily
ritual offerings to the gods.
• Palace gardens were a monumental
demonstration of wealth and power of
the God Kings.
• Tomb gardens designs were greatly
concerned with the visual presentation of
the deceased botanical assets.
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ADVANCED LANDSCAPING
Landscape development in Ancient Greece (400-200 B.C)
• Courtyard gardens
• Public recreation grounds
• Sacred Garden: places where rituals were performed to reconnect humans with the natural world and the Gods.(Dodona
oak grove)
• Athenian Agora(Public space)
• Vale of Tempe (Mountain sanctuary of Delphi ~ Landform)
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ADVANCED LANDSCAPING
Landscape development in Ancient Rome (100 B.C-350 A.D)
• Derived from the Greeks.
• Excavations in Pompeii show that gardens attached to residences were scaled down to meet the space constraints of the
home of the average Roman.
• Formal gardens: Followed a definite plan.
• Villa gardens: Lavishly decorated, and could include private spaces for exercise, known as gymnasiums, and larger open
areas for hunting game.
• Nero’s Golden House
• Hadrian’s Villa
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ADVANCED LANDSCAPING
1.Middle-east: Persian traditions
2.Eastern: China and Japan
3.Ancient and medieval period in India: Mughal and Rajput landscapes.
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