Jainism
Tirthankaras: “Ford Makers”
Tirthankaras: “Ford Makers”
Summary: Mahavira was just one of a larger cycle of 24 tirthankaras (Ford-makers), religious pioneers who reveal the truth
of Jainism to humanity. Mahavira stands as 24th in the sequence, the final tirthankara of this age.
Mahavira is known as a Tirthankara, literally, a “ford-maker,” a spiritual pioneer who is able to ford the
river, to cross beyond the perpetual flow of earthly life. Jains do not believe in the concepts of universal
creator, or moment of creation. According to the Jain view, time has no beginning and no end; rather, it
is a perpetual cycle of ascent and decline, one of six metaphysical principles that Jains believe comprise
the universe. Times of descent, such as our own, are so clouded with materialism and ignorance that
achieving luminous self-realization is very difficult.
In each cycle of time there are 24 tirthankaras who are trail-blazers for the rest of humanity.
The tirthankaras, it must be stressed, are souls, the same as all other souls. But in addition to liberating
themselves as jinas, the tirthankaras spend their lives as teachers, sharing their knowledge with others.
The very first tirthankara was Adinath, also called Rishabha Deva. The 23rd was Parshvanath, who is
said to have lived toward the beginning of the first millennium BCE. The 24th and last tirthankara in the
current cycle was Mahavira, who lived in the 6th century BCE—about the same time as the Buddha.
The tirthankaras are, in one sense, identical, for in the era in which each lived, they taught a truth that is
eternal.
The 24 tirthankaras are present in image form in most Jain temples, but the most common and revered
images are these three—the first and the two closest to the present time. They are differentiated in their
images by the different symbols of animals and elements of nature that accompany them. The images of
these spiritual pathfinders are honored with all the offerings of flowers, water, and incense that one
might see in Hindu temples. But such acts of honor in Jain temples are symbolic, not done in the
expectation of reciprocal gifts. The tirthankaras are not God or gods in the sense of being creators or
providers for the universe who can respond to requests or effect a person’s salvation. Only each
individual can accomplish the liberation of his or her own soul.
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