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Model 5
Passage 1 (‫)ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬

1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion.
In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that
people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The
United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in
2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was
sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans
spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6billion in other
countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were
third: they spent $37.0 billion.
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada
136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other
countries in Europe, but about 26of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling
travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia.
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business
immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United
States. many people are their families.
21. How much did people spend on travel in 2005? ‫؟‬2005 ‫ﻛﻢ أﻧﻔﻖ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
A. 3.2 billion
B. 4.2 trillion
C. 3.4 trillion
D. 3.2 trillion
22. The third most popular country people visit is……… ...‫ﺛﺎﻟﺚ أﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻳﺰوره اﻟﻨﺎس ﻫﻮ‬
A. France
B. China
C. Italy
D. Spain
23. Who spends the most money on trips? ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺣ��ت؟‬
A. Americans
B. Germans
C. Japanese
D. French

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24. To what country do Americans travel the most? ‫إﻟﻰ أي دوﻟﺔ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ ا��ﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ؟‬
A. France
B. Japan
C. Canada
D. Mexico
25. Germans like to visit the most. ....... �� ‫ﻳﺤﺐ ا��ﻟﻤﺎن زﻳﺎرة أﻛﺜﺮ‬
A. countries in Asia
B. Mexico and Canada
C. countries in Europe
D. United States and France
26. Who travel more than other people? ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮه؟‬
A. Europeans and some Asians
B. Japanese and Germans
C. Americans
D. Europeans

Passage 2 (‫)اﻋ��ن اﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬

LANDSCAPE GARDENING
For residential gardens only.
Planting, design, irrigation, innovation.
Call 4531122
Weekdays only, after 7 PM
Min. SR 50 per hour
27. This gardener wants to work at……… ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
A. a residence
B. a hospital
C. an office
D. a farm
28. When can the gardener be contacted? ‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ا��ﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ؟‬
A. weekday evenings
B. weekend evenings
C. any time
D. Saturday

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Passage 3 (‫)اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺮي رﻳﺲ‬

ϭͿ Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as
the author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world
maps are even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to
geography
ϮͿ In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler.
It gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the
important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
ϯͿ Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer.
He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek
maps, to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one
of Piri's first world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn
in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and
museums around the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and
the National Library of France in Paris.
29. What is the book of Piri Reis about? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﻴﺮي رﻳﺲ؟‬
A. Sultan Suleiman
B. the Turkish navy
C. ships and sea travel
D. libraries and museums
30. In which fields did Piri Reis contribute to knowledge? ‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﺠﺎ��ت ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺮي رﻳﺲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ؟‬
A. navigation and geography
B. geology and cartography
C. exploration and science
D. history and literature
31. When did Piri Reis give a copy of Kitab-Al- Bahriye to Sultan Suleiman?
‫ﻣﺘﻰ أﻋﻄﻰ ﺑﻴﺮي رﻳﺲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺎن ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن؟‬
A. 1513
B. 1525
C. 1531
D. 1552
32. The word cartographer in Paragraph 3 meaning to……….. ..‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬3 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ رﺳﺎم اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. ship maker
B. map maker
C. navigator
D. sailor

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Passage 4 (‫)رﺣﻠﺔ ﻃﻴﺮان وﻫﺒﻮط اﺿﻄﺮاري‬

An Air India flight bound for New Delhi with 130 people onboard made an emergency landing
in southern Pakistan last week due to technical problems, aviation officials said. The Airbus
A320 from Abu Dhabi made the unscheduled stop at Nawabshah airport, around 230
kilometers northeast of the port city of Karachi, Pakistan.

33. The flight was going to………… ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
A. Abu Dhabi
B. Karachi
C. Nawabshah
D. New Delhi
34. The word unscheduled in the passage is closest in meaning to………..
..... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺪول ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. NOT planned
B. NOT timed
C. extra
D. long

Passage 5 (‫)��ﻛﺔ ﺣﺠﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﻮﻳﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﻴﻪ‬

No matter whether you're travelling for work or pleasure, wouldn’t you value the option to
tailor your journey in accordance with your personal preferences and requirements? That’s
exact why we developed our Red Services: a range of highly practical extra services that you
can book along with your flight, as and when you need them.

35. Which method of travel does the passage talk about? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
A. road
B. rail
C. sea
D. air
36. What does the passage give information about? ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ؟‬
A. valuable items
B. booking methods
C. personalized services
D. product requirements

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Passage 6 (‫)دﻣﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﺮﻳﻮﺷﻜﺎ‬

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other,
The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The
first doll set in Russia was carved in1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey
Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a
sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal
a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so
on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up
to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number
of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an
odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an
even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering
toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll
from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a
round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin"'s creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in
Paris, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in
several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the
leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example,
the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri
Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of
their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

37. The best title for this passage is……….. ......‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻮ‬
A. Arts and Crafts
B. Children's Toys
C. Modern Handicrafts
D. Russian Wood figurines
38. The purpose of Paragraph 1) is to……… .........‫( ﻫﻮ‬1) ‫اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. describe traditional Russian clothes.
B. describe the origin and appearance of the dolls in Russia.
C. provide a profile of Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin.
D. provide an explanation of the Russian name Matryona.

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39. The word carved in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to……… ‫( ﻫﻲ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﻮﺗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف‬
....... ‫ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. sourced
B. planned
C. shaped
D. copied
40. According to Part2), what is required for a set to have a large number of nesting dolls?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻣﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﻨﻴﻪ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء‬
A. wooden figures
B. expert workmen
C. cylindrical form
D. NO protruding features
41. The word this in Paragraph 2) refers to……….. .....‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﺬا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. modem dolls
B. several dozen
C. absolute rule
D. odd numbers
42. According to Paragraph 3), the idea of nesting dolls most likely started in………
........‫ ﺑﺪأت ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﺪﻣﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﻨﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ا��رﺟﺢ ﻓﻲ‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Paris
B. Japan
C. Russia
D. America
43. According to Paragraph 5), some rulers are excluded from being made into dolls because
they …… .........‫( ُﻳﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﺪﻣﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﻜﺎم ��ﻧﻬﻢ‬5) ‫وﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. were the smallest
B. were NOT Soviet leaders
C. were NOT in power for long
D. are NOT part of the common theme

Passage 7 (‫) ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‬

1) Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that
indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study,
researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them
to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories
and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society
most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce
energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic
man-made) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all
these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome"
furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome.

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2) The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three
main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological
particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide,
formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed
wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other
equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and
rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may
contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans.
3) Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies,
headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad
indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more
from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic
airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer.
4) There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings
healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already
using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully
used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants
to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every
day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-
stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use
natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning
materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners
in good repair and clean them often.
44. Which paragraph discusses the origins of indoor air Pollution? ‫أي ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ أﺻﻮل ﺗﻠﻮث‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ؟‬
A. Paragraph (1)
B. Paragraph (2)
C. Paragraph (3)
D. Paragraph (4)
45. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1)? ‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Air pollution is more dangerous outdoors than indoors.
B. Air pollution is less dangerous in the USA than in India.
C. Air pollution is more dangerous indoors than outdoors.
D. Air pollution is less dangerous in offices than in homes.

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46. According to Paragraph 1), in the 2009 study, how many chemicals did the researchers find
in the indoor air? ‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وﺟﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن‬، 2009 ‫ ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺔ ﻋﺎم‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ؟‬
A. 52
B. 90
C. 300
D. 586
47. According to Paragraph 2), which of the following are sources of VOCs? ، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮة؟‬
a) cooking stoves and Teflon pans
b) photocopiers and computers
c) radon and formaldehyde
d) paints and furniture
48. According to Par 4), where are plants being used successfully to keep the air healthy?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﺑﻨﺠﺎح ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء؟‬، (4) ‫وﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. in a research center in the USA
B. in a business center in India
C. in offices in America
D. in typical homes in Arizona
49. Which word in Paragraph 4) is the opposite of synthetic in meaning?
‫( ﻫﻲ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ؟‬4) ‫أي ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. toxic
B. wood
C. simple
D. natural
50. According to the passage, which of the following are NOT air pollutants?
‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺎت ﻟﻠﻬﻮاء؟‬، ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
A. allergies
B. viruses
C. smoke
D. gases
51. The passage suggests we should NOT use in our homes.
.......‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ إﻟﻰ أﻧﻪ �� ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﻨﺎ‬
A. furniture
B. computers
C. heating stoves
D. synthetic materials

Passage 8 (‫) اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎت‬

1) The Arabic language has official status in over 20countries and is spoken by more than 250
million people. However, the term "Arabic language" itself is used rather loosely and refers to
different varieties of the language. Arabic is characterized by an interesting linguistic
dichotomy: the written form of the language, Modem Standard Arabic MSA), differs in a non-

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trivial fashion from the various spoken varieties of Arabic, each of which is a regional dialect.
MSA is the only variety that is standardized, regulated, and taught in schools. This is
necessitated because of its use in written communication in formal settings. The regional
dialects, used primarily for day-to-day dealings and spoken communication, are not taught
formally in schools, and remain somewhat absent from traditional, and certainly official, written
communication.
2) A regional dialect doesn’t have an explicit written set of grammar but there is certain
authoritative organization. Furthermore, even though they are spoken varieties it is certainly
possible to produce dialectal Arabic text by spelling out words using the same spelling rules
used in MSA, which are mostly phonetic.
3) There is a reasonable level of mutual intelligibility across the dialects, but the extent to which
a particular individual is able to understand other dialects depends heavily on that person's
own dialect and their exposure to Arab culture and literature from outside of their own country.
For example, the typical Arabic speaker has little trouble understanding the Egyptian dialect,
thanks in no small part to Egypt's history in literature, movie-making and television show
production, and their popularity across the Arab world. On the other hand, the Moroccan
dialect, especially in its spoken form, is quite difficult to understand by a Levantine Syrian or
Lebanese) speaker. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, the dialects can be considered
separate languages in their own right, much like North Germanic languages
Norwegian/Swedish/Danish) and West Slavic languages Czech/Slovak/Polish).

52.The word This in Paragraph 1) refers to………

A. speaking in MSA
B. teaching MSA in schools
C. speaking in regional dialect
D. teaching regional dialect in schools
53. In Paragraph 2), the author suggests that……… .....‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺮح اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ أن‬، (2) ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. it is possible to write in dialects.
B. there is a formal grammar in dialects.
C. there is only a spoken form of dialects.
D. an organization checks the grammar of dialects.
54.The words mutual intelligibility in Paragraph 3) are closest in meaning to……..
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻮح اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. uncertainty
B. difference
C. similarity
D. matching
55. According to Par 3), the dialect best understood by most Arabic speakers is……
.........‫ ﻓﺈن أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻬﺠﺔ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺛﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Syrian
B. Moroccan
C. Egyptian
D. Lebanese

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56. The author refers to North Germanic and West Slavic languages to show the……….
......‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻟﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴ��ﻓﻴﺔ ��ﻇﻬﺎر‬
A. difference between them and MSA
B. difference between them and Arabic dialect
C. similarity to the situation with MSA
D. similarity to the situation with Arabic dialects

Passage 9 (‫)ﺟﺮاﺣﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﺮﺟﻞ أﺻﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎدث ﺳﻴﺎرة‬

1) A man who was paralyzed in a car crash four years ago has regained some use of his hands.
Surgeons at Washington University School of Medicine in the U.S. took healthy nerves from
other parts of the man and used them to rewire the nerves in his arm.
2) The 71-year-old broke his neck in the accident and was left unable to walk. Though he could
still move his arms, he had lost the ability to grasp or hold things in either hand. The university
doctors said the pioneering operation may prove to be a breakthrough for some patients with
spinal cord injuries.
3) The man received extensive therapy after the operation. He was able to move the thumb and
fingers of his left hand eight months after surgery. After ten more months, the patient could
move the fingers of his right hand and begin to feed himself and even write to some extent
considering the severity of his injury and the fact that 22months had passed between his
accident and the surgery, these results are remarkable.

57.The man got injured when……… ‫أﺻﻴﺐ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬

A. he was using his hands
B. he had his nerves rewired
C. he was in a traffic accident
D. healthy nerves were being removed
58. In Paragraph 2), the word pioneering means that they used ……
.......‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ رﻳﺎدة أﻧﻬﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻫﺎ‬، (2) ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. an American procedure
B. surgery on an older patient
C. an earlier method of surgery
D. this technique for the first time
59. Which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؟‬
A. The operation may improve the situation for other people with similar injuries.
B. The reason the operation was successful is that he had hurt his spinal cord and not his arms or
hands.
C. The doctors think that it took the man quite a longtime to recover after the operation.
D. The real reason the man was able to recover was the therapy, not the surgery itself.
60. How long after his operation did it take for the man to be able to use his hands to eat by
himself? ‫ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻟﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ؟‬
A. 8 months
B. 10 months
C. 18 months
D. 22 months

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Model 6
Passage 1 (‫ ﻛﻮرس ا��ﻧﻘﻠﺶ‬134)

Class Offering
English 134
Advanced Technical Writing for the Health Professions
Offered only in the Spring semester,
3 credit hours
Prerequisite
English 133 or permission of the instructor.
Course description:
Review of grammar and vocabulary:
focus on writing medical English;
not open to first year students
Instructor: Assistant Professor Dr. Roger Brown

21. Medical students will take this class …………….. .....‫ﺳﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﻃ��ب اﻟﻄﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
A. with business majors
B. prior to taking English 133
C. after completing English 133
D. only with permission of the instructor
22. The passage says that the course will ……………. ‫ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ أن اﻟﺪورة ﺳﻮف‬
A. include grammar, vocabulary and writing
B. focus on reading medical articles
C. be offered three times a day
D. meet six times a week

Passage 2 (‫)اﻟﺬﻫﺐ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻛﻤﺨﺰن ﺛﺮوة‬

While gold is used in industry, its main historical use has been as a means of maintaining the
value of wealth, usually in the form of jewelry and money. Gold, measured and priced in a troy
ounces or grams, has been used as a store of value for at least 5,000 years. About 2,000 years
ago, one troy ounce of gold might purchase a high quality, custom-made outfit. Today, the
same amount of gold would probably be able to purchase a similar high-quality outfit, plus all
of the matching accessories.

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23. What does the passage say about the historical use of gold? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ا��ﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻟﻠﺬﻫﺐ؟‬
A. It was always used to buy custom-made clothing.
B. It was widely accepted as a medium of exchange.
C. 1It was frequently used in industrial application
D. It was a store of wealth, usually as jewelry or money.

Passage 3 (‫)ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﺪي اﻟ��ﻋﺔ‬

SLOW
CHILDREN
PLAYING
24. This sign tells you that you must NOT ……………. in this area.
‫ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬................... ‫ﺗﺨﺒﺮك ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌ��ﻣﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ �� ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
A. drive fast
B. make noise
C. park your car
D. use your phone

Passage 4 (‫)ﻣﺎرﻛﻮﺑﻮﻟﻮ وا��ﻳﺲ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‬

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with fruit-flavored
ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored ices for thousands
of years, long before he reached this part of the world. These delicacies became popular in
France in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making
them evolved and eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were
enjoying a dessert that was very similar to today's ice cream. It became a treat that could be
enjoyed by almost anyone, not just the rich.
2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by Jacob
Fussel. He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to his ice
cream. Soon after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing methods and
ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and more efficient. By the
1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This gave the ice cream
industry another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the U.S., when most sugar
was shipped to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to buy limited amounts of it
convinced the government that ice cream was an "essential food". Ice cream factories were
given sugar and production continued.

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4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-war
years. The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a resurgence
in "premium" ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment into low-fat
varieties for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice milk, fat-free ice
cream, and mass-produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many researchers stated that 60%
of frozen desserts are ice cream.
25. What is the best title for this passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. Varieties of Ice Cream
B. The History of Ice Cream
C. The Demand for Ice Cream
D. Ice Cream During the Wars
26. The word expedition in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to…… ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ رﺣﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. life
B. invention
C. experience
D. journey
27. According to Paragraph 1), fruit flavored ices were first made by…..
......‫ ﺗﻢ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻣﺜﻠﺠﺎت ﺑﻨﻜﻬﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ أو��ً ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Asians
B. royalty
C. Marco Polo
D. French people
28. According to Paragraph 3), during World War I, in the U.S.
........‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮ��ﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬، ‫ ﺧ��ل اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ا��وﻟﻰ‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. refrigerators and freezers were NOT available
B. ice cream production was stopped
C. there was NOT enough sugar
D. ice cream became cheaper
29. According to Paragraph 4), 60% of frozen desserts are……
......‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﻤﺪة ﻫﻲ‬٪60 (4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. ice milk
B. fruit bars
C. frozen yogurt
D. ice cream

Passage 5 (‫)ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ا��ﻋﺎﺻﻴﺮ ا��ﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻮازن اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬

Although their effects on human populations are devastating, tropical cyclones can relieve
drought conditions. They also carry heat energy away from the tropics and transport it toward
temperate latitudes, which makes them an important part of the mechanism. As a result,
tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's troposphere, and to maintain a
relatively stable and warm temperature worldwide.

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30. The word their in the passage refers to…… ......‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ إﻟﻰ‬
A. tropical cyclones
B. coastal flooding
C. storm surges
D. drought conditions
31. The word equilibrium in the passage is closest in meaning to……………
...... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. equality
B. pressure
C. airflow
D. balance

Passage 6‫ﺑﻴﺘﺮ وﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻟﻔﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺪة واﻋﺠﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻔﻨﺪق‬

My room was large and clean with a big bed. It also had a great view of the sea and the beach
from the window. The location was great, too-right on the beach. It was 10 minutes on foot
from the city center, so I didn't need to drive or take a taxi to get there. All of the staff members
were also polite and helpful. But the best part was the breakfasts which included different
breads, cheeses, jams, yogurt and fruits. Fantastic! I ate something different every day. There
were two things I did not like: the swimming pool was too small for swimming, and the Internet
was too slow to watch videos. However, I'll be visiting again. Peter from Australia).
32. According to the passage, Peter……… ....... ‫ ﺑﻴﺘﺮ‬،‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
A. enjoyed everything
B. liked the food most of all
C. had to drive to the city center
D. enjoyed swimming in the pool
33. The word location in the passage is closest in meaning to………..
...... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. bus
B. view
C. place
D. shopping

Passage 7 (‫) اﻟﺒﺮوﻓﻴﺴﻮر اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬

Daniel Smith is an old-fashioned and hard-working professor of Linguistics. He is not quite
popular among his students because he foolishly expects everyone else to work the long hours
that he does.
34. Who works long hours? ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ؟‬
A. everyone
B. the students
C. the linguists
D. the professor

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Passage 8 (‫)ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮر ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻮرق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﻴﻦ واﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن‬

Not long after paper was invented in China in the first century C.E., the art of folding paper
emerged. Paper spread to Japan by the sixth century where the rich, who were able to buy the
little paper that was available and had the leisure time to practice, developed origami Japanese
for folding, "ori," and paper, "kami").
35. The word leisure in the passage is closest in meaning to….
...... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ وﻗﺖ اﻟﻔﺮاغ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. free
B. ease
C. holiday
D. relaxation

Passage 9 (‫)ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﻣﻮرﻳﺸﻴﻮس وﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﻬﺎ‬

In the Alberto Cantino map of 1502, the Arab name of Mauritius Island appeared as Dina Arobi.
Historians claim that the Arabs communicated this name to the Portuguese, and based on this
fact they concluded that the former had already discovered Mauritius by that time.
36. The word the former in the passage refer to…………. ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ اﻟﻲ‬
A. Mauritius Island
B. Dina Arobi
C. Portuguese
D. Arabs

Passage 10 (‫)اﻟﺨﻞ‬
I'm sure you've eaten vinegar on your salad or perhaps used it as a dip for bread, but have you
ever wiped it on your underarms or used it to clean a toilet seat? If not, you should give it a
try! `Vinegar is most commonly used as a food condiment, but it has far more uses than just
that. Because it is safe, natural, and eco-friendly, it makes a great alternative for chemical-laden
cleaning and sanitizing products. In addition to being able to dissolve mineral deposits on
steel, and other surfaces, vinegar is also effective at killing mold and bacteria.
37. At the beginning of the passage, the author assumes that the reader has used vinegar
...... ‫ ﻳﻔﺘﺮض اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ أن اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺨﻞ‬،‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
A. to kill bacteria
B. as a food seasoning
C. for personal hygiene
D. for cleaning purposes

Passage 11 (‫)ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﺪواء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ وﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮردة‬

The Saudi Food and Drug Authority SFDA) was established under the Council of Ministers in
2004, as an independent body corporate that directly reports to The President of Council of
Ministers. The Authority's objective is to regulate, oversee, and control food, drugs, medical
devices, as well as to set their mandatory standard specifications, whether they are imported
or locally manufactured.

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38. You can understand from the passage that the SFDA deals with goods that are……
........‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ أن اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺬاء واﻟﺪواء ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻊ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬
A. controlled
B. foreign only
C. Saudi and foreign
D. manufactured only

Passage 12 (‫) إﻋﺎدة ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﻜ��م ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

"Less is known about the cause of the common cold than about the causes of
many more serious diseases."
39. Which of the following statements is the most accurate? ‫أي اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻛﺜﺮ دﻗﺔ؟‬
A. The causes of less serious diseases than the common cold are better known.
B. We know less than we should about the causes of the cold and more serious diseases.
C. The cause of the common cold is better known than the causes of more serious diseases.
D. We know less about the cause of the common cold than we do about the causes of more
serious diseases.

Passage 13 (��‫)ﺟﻮﻟﻴﻴﺖ ﻟﻮ وﻋﺒﻮرﻫﺎ اﻟﺠ‬

Juliette Low, founder of the Girl Scout movement, had a way of motivating others to help her
with her goals. One encounter that required her persistence happened while she was walking
along a road and came by a stream. The only way to get to the other side of the stream was
by a very narrow foot bridge, and Juliette was afraid to walk across it alone. She saw an old
man coming down the road and told him to go across the bridge first, while she followed.
Although the old man started to protest, her stubborn insistence again worked and he led her
across the footbridge. Once they crossed safely, the old man explained to her that he was
blind!
40. The word it in the passage refers to……… ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )ﻫﻮ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
A. stream
B. other side
C. road
D. way

Passage 14 (‫)ﻓﻬﺮس وﺣﺪات ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻦ ﺣﻀﺎرة ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬

Literature and Art: Intermediate Spanish
INDEX
Unit 1
Aspects of the Family in the Hispanic World…......1
Unit 2
Man and Woman in Hispanic Society........20
Unit 3
Customs and Traditions in Hispanic Society.........35

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Unit 4
Economic Aspects of Hispanic America……..60

41. Which unit would most likely discuss the importance of respect for parents in Hispanic
culture? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺶ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﺣﺘﺮام اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ا��ﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
A. Unit 1
B. Unit 2
C. Unit 3
D. Unit 4
42. Which unit would most likely give examples of key forms of trade and business in Hispanic
society? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺗﻘﺪم أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ا��ﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎرة وا��ﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ا��ﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ؟‬
A. Unit 1
B. Unit 2
C. Unit 3
D. Unit 4

Passage 15 (‫)اﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﺲ وﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻴﻨﺠﺢ‬

1) Around the world, people start millions of new 1) businesses every year and most of them fail
in the first year. Lack of proper planning is a common reason for this problem. The fact is, many
people simply don't make or follow a good plan, one that takes risks into account, when they
start their business. Starting a new business always involves taking risks, but some risks can be
avoided. A good business plan shows you and your possible financial backers-that you have
thought carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve
them carefully about potential problems you might face and that you have ways to solve them.
2) Here are some crucial questions a business plan should answer. Start with these, as they are
essential to your success. Is there a market for your product? How big is that market? Are
people willing to pay a reasonable price for your product? How big an investment will you
need to make to start? What will your operating expenses rent, raw materials, labor, taxes,
utilities, etc.) be? How might they change? Why will customers choose you over your
competitors? Do you have a marketing plan?
3) Next you must ask yourself if the answers you gave to these questions are based on valid
research and facts, or as is more usual, are they just guesses and wishful thinking? Guesses are
dangerous, but even the best research can be wrong. Things change quickly in the business
world. Do you have a "plan B" for unexpected problems? For example, if you need to lower
your prices to get more business, will you still be able to make a profit? If sales are lower than
you expect, do you have enough money set aside to advertise?
4) If you can't give a good answer to one or more of these questions, your new business can
quickly be in big trouble. So anyone who is thinking about starting a new business should
create a good business plan. It is the best way to avoid unnecessary problems.

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43. According to Paragraph 1), what does a good business Plan do…...
...‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻴﺪة‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. focuses on problems
B. removes failures
C. reduces finances
D. considers risks
44. The word “risks” in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to………
...... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. decisions
B. dangers
C. choices
D. loans
45. The word crucial in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to……..
.... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. fair
B. difficult
C. important
D. complicated
46. According to Paragraph 3), what should the owner of a new business do?
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ؟‬،(3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. keep some money for emergencies
B. have a big advertising budget
C. hire someone to do research
D. increase prices a lot
47. The pronoun they in Paragraph 3) refers to….. ....‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬3) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. questions
B. answers
C. projects
D. facts
48. The author’s main purpose in the passage is to……. ....‫اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻮ‬
A. make money
B. ask questions
C. predict success
D. give information

Passage 16 (‫)ﻓﺎﺳﺖ ﻓﻮود و��ره وﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ داﻓﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﺒﺔ ا��ﻃﻔﺎل‬
1) Fast food restaurants, especially some American chains, One of have become very popular all
over the world. the most famous produces a meal especially designed for children called a
"Children's Meal." The package contains not only a hamburger and French fries, but also a
plastic toy as a prize. Most children beg their parents to take them out for such a treat,
preferring it to the more nutritious, if boring, home-cooked meal.

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2) What is so special about this fast-food favorite? Well, for one thing, it will last forever, will not
rot or mold, and even bacteria will not eat it! It is essentially no different from the plastic toy
included with the meal. In April, 2010, New York artist and photographer Sally Davies bought
a Children's Meal and left it out on her kitchen shelf to see what would happen to it. She
photographed it each week, and by October six months later, it appeared to be exactly the
same! The only thing she noted was that the "food" had become as hard as a rock and looked
like plastic. Her experiment became famous and is known as "The Children's Meal Art Project."
3) Sally Davies was not the first one to test the durability of a fast-food hamburger. In 2008, a
teacher named Karen Hanrahan posted photos on the Internet of a hamburger she purchased
at the famous fast-food chain in 1996. After 12 years, the burger looked exactly the same as
the day she bought it. The bun was a bit harder, and the burger itself was beginning to crumble,
but essentially, it was unchanged. She still keeps this hamburger and shows it to her classes to
teach them about the dangers of eating such "non-food". she tells them that this is a chemical
food, and there is absolutely no nutrition in it, nothing of value for the health of the human
body. stomach. It does nothing more than fill your stomach. It is certainly not a treat," she says.
4) When we read the list of ingredients in all these so-called meals and burgers, we must wonder
why there are tens of different chemicals, preservatives artificial flavors and so on along with
the potato, meat, cheese and bread ingredients. This American-based fast food chain ships all
its food from large central factories to branches throughout the entire world. One of their
hamburgers here tastes exactly the same as it does in China and probably lasts just as long as
well.
49. What the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. making discovers takes time.
B. Fast food is popular around the world
C. We need to be more aware of what we eat
D. Photograph is an effective way to communicate
50. According to Paragraph 2), how long did Sally Davies photograph the same "Children's
Meal"? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ دﻳﻔﻴﺰ ﻧﻔﺲ "وﺟﺒﺔ ا��ﻃﻔﺎل"؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. until it was just like the toy
B. every week for 6 months
C. until it looked different
D. every day for 6 weeks
51. The word essentially in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to…….
..... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎ��" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. closely
B. basically
C. normally
D. strongly
52. Which paragraph discusses using a hamburger to teach about bad eating habits?
‫أي ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺒﺮﻏﺮ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﺎدات ا��ﻛﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ؟‬
A. Paragraph (1)
B. Paragraph (2)

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C. Paragraph (3)
D. Paragraph (4)
53. Which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻪ؟‬
A. Several people have proven the durability of fast-food burgers.
B. Parents prefer home-cooked food to fast food burgers.
C. Fast food Burgers are cheap and widely available.
D. Children's Meals are very popular in China.
54. According to the passage, why do hamburgers stay the same after a long period?
. ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺒﺮﻏﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ؟‬، ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
A. They are of very high quality.
B. They contain a lot of chemicals.
C. They are produced in large factories.
D. They have many different ingredients.

Passage 17 (‫ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ وﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﻮة ﺑﺮﻛﺎن‬79)

1) Volcanologists constantly monitor any changes in levels of seismic activity on Vesuvius because
they know that the increase of activity in the deep reservoir of magma causes both earth
tremors and volcanic eruptions. Through measuring seismic activity, these scientists expect to
predict an approaching eruption months before it happens.
2) The seismic activity of Mount Vesuvius happens again and again, and the longer the intervals
between eruptions, the greater the next explosion will be. The frequent but low-level activity
of Vesuvius in recent centuries has relieved the build-up of pressure. The catastrophic
magnitude of the eruption of AD 79 was connected with the extended period of inactivity
before it.
55. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is TRUE? ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؟‬،(1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Seismic activity is NOT linked to volcanic eruptions.
B. By measuring seismic activity, it is possible to predict a volcanic eruption.
C. It is NOT possible to predict when a volcanic eruption may occur in Vesuvius.
D. Earth tremors and volcanic eruptions happen in Vesuvius every couple of months.
56. According to Paragraph 2), why was the eruption in 79AD so severe?
‫ م ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﺨﻄﻮرة؟‬79 ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن ﺛﻮران اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. There is evidence that the pressure released over centuries.
B. There is always a severe eruption there every hundred years.
C. There was a long period without seismic activity and then it started again.
D. There was a continuous but growing amount of seismic activity in the area.

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Passage 18 ( ‫)اﻟﺴﻔﻦ واﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ادﺧﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬

1) There are few ships as beautiful and graceful as an Arab dhow under full sail. They are sleek,
fast, and easy to control with these vessels, Arab sailors maintained extensive trade links in
dangerous seas all the way from Africa to China. The great contribution they made to Europe's
development was simple-their triangular lateen" sail.
2) In the 15th century, most European ships used only square sails. Because of this they were only
able to sail1 effectively when the wind was almost directly behind them. Prince Henry of
Portugal borrowed ideas from the Arab dhow and designed ships that used Arab lateen sails
on European hulls. With this improvement, European explorers could go farther faster and sail
into the wind. Consequently, they became much more effective. Columbus's three ships all
used this borrowed technology on their first voyage to America.
57. The pronoun they in Paragraph 1), refers to……. .....‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻲ‬1) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. seas
B. links
C. vessels
D. Africa and China
58. The phrase this improvement in Paragraph 2), refers to…
......‫( إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. square sails
B. using European hulls
C. using Arab lateen sails
D. sail with the wind directly behind the ship
59. The author’s purpose in Paragraph 2) is to………… ..... ‫( ﻫﻮ‬2) ‫ﻏﺮض اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. describe
B. criticize
C. persuade
D. argue

Passage 19 (‫) اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻧﺘ�� ﻣﺠﺪدا‬

Most old people are very pleased that our traditional foods, which disappeared from our
society for some time, are now returning.
60. Traditional foods are now………… .......‫ا��ﻃﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ا��ن‬
A. tasting much better
B. becoming popular again
C. disliked by young people
D. seldom served in restaurants

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Model 7
Passage 1 (‫)ﺻﻮرة اﻟﺸﻴﻒ‬
21. If Khalid has 10 riyals he could buy …. ......‫ رﻳﺎ��ت ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ��اء‬10 ‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻟﺪى ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬
A. Meat
Meat : 35 SR
B. Fish
Fish : 25 SR
C. Chicken
Chicken : 15 SR
D. Sandwich
Sandwich : 9.50 SR

Passage 2 (‫) ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬

1- Air is the ocean we breathe. It supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies. Air is
made up of a mixture of nitrogen, Oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities
release substances into the air and some of these can cause problems for humans, Plants and
animals. These Problems are usually referred to as air pollution.
2- There are several problems that result from air pollution. The main ones we usually hear about
are smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these
problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the environment
as a whole.
3- The release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy is often discussed as a huge
problem. Diesel smoke is a good example of the particulate matter that results in this pollution.
The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or 0.0001 centimeter.
This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "Black Carbon" pollution. The exhaust from
burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air
Authorities also believe that the burning of the wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques
release significant quantities of soot into the air.
4- Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, as well as chemical vapors. These take part in chemical reactions
once they are in the atmosphere, resulting in smog and acid rain.
5- We must also consider air pollution inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some pollutants
are created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. Most people spend about 80-
90% of their time inside buildings. That means our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can
be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollutions.

22. According to Paragraph 1), which of the following are constituents of air?
‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء؟‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. nitrogen and water vapor, but NOT oxygen.
B. nitrogen and oxygen, but NOT water vapor.
C. nitrogen, oxygen and water vapor
D. nitrogen, oxygen, and fuel.

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23. The word essential in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.

..... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﺳﺎ��" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. healthy
B. important
C. dispensable
D. comprehensive
24. What is a good example of particles released into the air that are a source of pollution?
‫ﻣﺼﺪرا ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻮث؟‬
ً ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬
A. indoor pollution
B. human activity
C. diesel smoke
D. acid rain
25. What is pollution resulting from diesel smoke called? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ دﺧﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﺰل؟‬
A. black carbon
B. burning fuel
C. exhaust
D. micron
26. Indoor air pollution can be more serious than outdoor pollution because people____.
.......‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻄﻮرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ��ن اﻟﻨﺎس‬
A. spend most of their time in buildings
B. often bum charcoal for cooking
C. sleep, smoke and cook indoors
D. often bum wood for heating

Passage 3 (‫) ﻧﻮم اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬

1) All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question
seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activity and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks
as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can
observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
2) They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is
active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important
clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes
whereas fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do
not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with one eye partly open? Even humans have
occasionally been observed sleeping with one eye or both eyes partially open. Animals don't
necessarily lie down to sleep either Elephant for example often sleep standing up with their
tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while sleeping animals often seem unaware of changes
in the sound and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are
sleeping either.
3) Observation alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The
answers come from scientists doing experiments in sleep laboratories using a machine called
the electroencephalograph (EEG). The machine is connected to the animals measures their
brain signals, breathing, heartbeat and muscle activity. The measurements are different when

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the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEG, scientists
have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do steep.
4) There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although
they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have
discovered that some animals like chimpanzees, cats and moles who live underground) are
good sleepers while others like sheep, goats and donkeys are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the
good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly
all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals; they must always be afraid.
27. Which of the following statements gives the main idea of the passage?
‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. Animals and humans differ with regard to their sleeping behavior.
B. Some animals lie down to sleep while others sleep standing up.
C. How animals rest and sleep.
D. Scientists have been able to study animals' sleeping behavior.
28. All animals_________. ...... ‫ﻛﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬
A. A react to sound while sleeping
B. sleep some time each day
C. spend some time resting
D. close their eyes to rest
29. The word clues in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _______.
...... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أدﻟﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. signs
B. results
C. factors
D. procedures
30. According to Paragraph 2), cows and horses, while sleeping, are two examples of animals
that ________. .... ‫ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﺜﺎ��ن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬، ‫ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻮم‬،‫ ﻓﺈن ا��ﺑﻘﺎر واﻟﺨﻴﻮل‬،(2) ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. NEVER close their eyes
B. always close their eyes
C. usually open their eyes
D. seldom open their eyes
31. The word dozing in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to_________.
A. opening only one eye
B. waking up
C. dreaming
D. sleeping
32. According to Paragraph 2), the elephant is an example of an animal that _______.
.....‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﻣﺜﺎ�ً� ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮان اﻟﺬي‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. is a good sleeper
B. sleeps with its eyes open
C. wakes to dangerous sounds
D. does NOT always sleep lying down

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33. The word stimuli in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______

. .......‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰات" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. animal reaction to sound
B. reactions produced by living things
C. light changes to which animals do not react
D. things which produce a reaction in living organisms
34. Which of the following sentences is NOT TRUE according to Paragraph 2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. In order to Study animals sleeping manners, the EEG must be attached to their bodies.
B. Scientists have used the EEG to study animals' sleeping behavior.
C. Fish and snakes sleep with their eyes open because they DON’T like to close them.
D. Snakes have some resting periods during the day.
35. The word their in Paragraph 3) refers to ________. ‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. animals
B. scientists
C. experiments
D. laboratories
36. According to Paragraph 3), what is the best way to tell if an animal is asleep?
‫ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺎ؟‬
ً ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺤﻴﻮان‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Observe if it's moving.
B. See if its eyes are open.
C. Use the electroencephalograph.
D. Check if it reacts to light or sound.
37. According to Paragraph 4), snakes ________. ........‫( اﻟﺜﻌﺎﺑﻴﻦ‬4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. may NOT really sleep
B. may NOT need to rest
C. CANNOT be studied with the EEG
D. are NOT studied in sleep laboratories
38. According to Paragraph 4), which of the following animals DON'T sleep much?
‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮا؟‬
ً ‫ أي اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ �� ﺗﻨﺎم‬، (4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. cats
B. sheep
C. moles
D. chimpanzees
39. According to Paragraph 4, some animals are better sleepers than others because they….
.........‫ ﻓﺈن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﺗﻨﺎم ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ��ﻧﻬﺎ‬،( 4) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. can lie down
B. have safe places to sleep
C. sleep faster than other animals
D. are often tired from being hunted

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Passage 4 (‫)ﺟﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬

The King Faisal Prize is an annual award sponsored by King Faisal Foundation allocates to
"dedicated men and women whose contributions make a positive difference".
It is held once a year in January of each year and the handover ceremony is within two months
of the announcement of the winner.
The foundation awards prizes in five categories: Service to Islam; Islamic studies; the Arabic
language and Arabic literature; science; and medicine.
The prize in each of the five categories consists of: cash, medal, or even certificates.
The number of people who received the Faisal Prize 253 represents 44 countries. A son of King
Faisal Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize.
40 – According to paragraph 1), the King Faisal Prize is awarded ……….
...... ‫( ُﺗﻤﻨﺢ ﺟﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬1) ‫وﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
a) Once every two years
b) Once a year
c) Twice a year
d) More than twice a year
41– The recipients of the King Faisal Prize receive……. ......‫ﻳﺘﺴﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰون ﺑﺠﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬
a) A cash award, a memorial statue, and a certificate
b) A certificate, a medal and a cash award
c) A summary and a golden medal
d) A summary and a cash reward
42 – According to paragraph 2), a son of King Faisal ……. ....‫( اﺑﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬2) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
a) Won the first King Faisal Prize
b) Limits the Foundation activities for the Prize
c) Donates his own money for the King Faisal
d) Serves as chairman of the King Faisal Prize
43 – The word “allocates” in paragraph 2), is closest in meaning to ……
..... ‫ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬، (2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﺨﺼﺺ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
a) Locating something missing
b) Naming candidates for the Prize
c) Assigning the money for the Prize
d) Specifying the money for the ceremony

Passage 5 (‫)وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬

" It’s inside the body, and it is where food goes after you eat. "

44 – Which body part is being described? ‫أي ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺻﻔﻪ؟‬
a) Stomach
b) Mouth
c) Heart
d) Brain

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Passage 6 (��‫)اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎ�� واﻟﺤﺎ‬

A comparison was made between cultivation in the past in 1900 and the present time. Where
it was found that in the year 1900, 40% of the workers were working in the field of agriculture,
and farmers were producing per day enough food for an average of 5 people, for themselves
and their families, and working manually. But at the moment there is much more equipment,
machinery and production.
45 – The word “themselves” in paragraph 1) refers to …… ‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
.....‫إﻟﻰ‬
a) Agriculture
b) Americans
c) Labor force
d) Farmers
46 – Which of the following does NOT characterize farming in 1990? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ �� ﻳﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬
‫؟‬1990 ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
a) The typical farmer produced food for five people
b) Farmers were less productive than farmers today
c) Only half the labor force worked in agriculture
d) Famers used manual methods to do chores

Passage 7 (‫)ﻓﺼﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺪم‬

(1) A blood type also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence
and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells
RBCs). You can receive blood from a donor with the same blood type as you. You can also
receive blood from a donor with a compatible blood type. There are different systems to
classify blood types. In ABO system, we have four main types:
-Type A blood has the Group A antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group B
blood. -Type B blood has the Group B antigens and makes antibodies to fight Group A blood.
Type AB blood has both Groups A and B antigens, but doesn't make antibodies for either
one.
• Type O blood doesn't have either type of antigen.
(2) So, who can receive and who can donate in ABO system?
Type A only receives from A and O.
Blood type B receives only B and O.
AB blood type receives all types, and only can donate to people with type AB blood.
Type O blood receives only from O.
Blood type O negative is given to all blood types

47 – Which of the following is not TRUE about the ABO system?

ABO ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ال‬
a) All blood types are compatible with themselves
b) Type O is compatible with all other blood types
c) Type AB can only be given to patient AB blood
d) The ABO system is the only system to classify blood types

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48 – The word “compatible” in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ……

..... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻖ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
a) Available
b) Matching
c) Common
d) Identical
49 – Which blood type can accept from any other blood type?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ أي ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ دم أﺧﺮى؟‬
a) Type A
b) Type B
c) Type O
d) Type AB

Passage 8 (‫)ﺟ�� اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ \ﺟ�� اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‬

(1) King Fahd Causeway is a sea bridge that connects the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the
Kingdom of Bahrain. The idea of building a bridge linking the Kingdom of Bahrain to the
Eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was born out of King Saud's wish to develop
and further solidify the links between the two Kingdoms, during an official visit to the State of
Bahrain in 1954.
(2) In 1965, the desire to construct the causeway began to take form officially when Sheikh
Khalifah bin Salman Al Khalifah the Prime Minister of the State of Bahrain paid a courtesy visit
to King Faisal and the king expressed his wish to have the causeway constructed.
(3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess the financial
undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was requested by the
committee to contribute their assistance in methods of implementation of the mammoth-
sized project. This required taking into account the environmental and geographical aspects
of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
(4) In the summer of 1973, King Faisal, in a meeting which included Amir ShaikhIsa bin
Salman Al Khalifa as well as the then prince, Fahd bin Abdul Aziz and Shaikh Khalifa bin
Salman Al Khalifa, suggested that committee overlook the economic and financial aspects of
the project and concentrate on the actual construction of the causeway.
(5) In 1975, the World Bank submitted its study and advice after seeking assistance from
specialist international expertise in studying the geographic, environmental factors and
maritime currents.
In the spring of 1976, during a visit by King Khalid bin Abdul Aziz to Shaikh Isa bin Salman Al
Khalifa, the two monarchs agreed to set up a ministerial committee from the two countries to
work on the implementation of the project.
50 – The best title for this passage is ……...... ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻮ‬
a) Global Engineering
b) Saudi Arabian Highways
c) Visiting the Kingdom of Bahrain
d) Building Bridges Between Nations

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51 – According to paragraphs 1) and 2), the plan to build a bridge was first visualized by
....... ‫ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻮر ﺧﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺟ�� ��ول ﻣﺮة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬، (2) ‫( و‬1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
a) King Saud
b) King Faisal
c) Sheikh Salman
d) Sheikh Khalifa
52 – The word “it” in paragraph 3) refers to ……...‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬3 ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
a) Saudi
b) Bahrain
c) The project
d) The joint committee
53 – It can be understood from paragraph 3) that the World Bank provided …...
..... ‫( أن اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻗﺪم‬3) ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
a) Relevant studies and advice
b) Financial aid and assistance
c) Contractors and construction workers
d) Geographical and environmental factors
57 – According to the passage which of the following is NOT found at the border station?
‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﺪودﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
a) Dining facilities
b) Shopping facilities
c) Official buildings
d) Religious buildings
58 – An additional paragraph at the end of the passage would most likely be about …..
.........‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻘﺮة إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﻮل‬
a) Repairs that need to be carried out on the causeway
b) New causeways to be constructed to other countries
c) Passport and visa requirements to cross the causeway
d) Statistics for projected causeway traffic for the next ten years

Passage 9 (‫)ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬

Statue of Liberty. The official name of this statue is “Liberty Enlightening the World.” It
represents democracy or Liberal Thought.
It is a sculptural artwork that France gifted to the United States of America on October 28, 1886
as a memorial gift, with the aim of strengthening friendship between the two countries on the
occasion of the centenary of the American Revolution 1775-1783).
Surrounding the statue as a whole is a star shaped wall a star with 10 heads).
The Statue of Liberty is very popular with many visitors around the world, especially New York
City, and visitors can take a great experience by going up to the huge crown above the statue's
head.

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59 – The purpose of the passage is to give a ….. ..... ‫اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻮ إﻋﻄﺎء‬
a) Narrative
b) Description
c) Definition
d) Comparison
60 – What does the passage say about the statue of liberty?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ؟‬
a) There is NO significance to the number of spikes in the crown
b) Her hands are by side holding a torch and a book
c) It is recognized by people around the world
d) It was completed in 1776

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Model 8
Passage 1 (‫)اﻋ��ن ﺑﻴﻊ ﺳﻴﺎرة‬
21. This is an advertisement for a ….. ‫ﻫﺬا إﻋ��ن ﻋﻦ‬ For sale
A – car
model 2011 / 5-door / manual
B – laptop
White
C – camera
D – motorbike 88.500 km

No accidents

Passage 2 (‫ﺟﺪاول إﺣﺼﺎءات اﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬

The following are the results of a survey conducted on the forms of social media.
What type of social media do you use?
Men women total

Twitter 34 42 76

Instagram 36 41 77

Linked in 11 3 14

Our square 9 6 15

Facebook 24 36 60

How many hours a day o you spend on social media?

Men women total

0-1 2 3 5

1-3 17 24 41

4-6 19 28 47

7+ 5 2 7

22. Which form of social media is least popular among women?

‫أي ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﻮ ا��ﻗﻞ ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء؟‬
A. Twitter
B. Linked in
C. Instagram
D. Facebook

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23. Which form of the social media is the most popular?

‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ؟‬
ً ‫أي ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﻮ ا��ﻛﺜﺮ‬
A. Twitter
B. Linked in
C. Instagram
D. Facebook
24. How much time do most men spend on social media?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ؟‬
A. 0 - 1
B. 1 – 3
C. 4 – 6
D. 7 +
25. How much time do most people spend on social media?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ؟‬
A. 0 - 1
B. 1 – 3
C. 4 – 6
D. 7 +

Passage 3 (‫)ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻫﻨﺎ ان ﻛﻨﺖ �� ﺗﺠﻴﺪ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬

Non swimmers are not allowed beyond this point
26. What does this sign mean? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺬه ا��ﺷﺎرة؟‬
A. You are entering a children’s play area
B. All swimmers must enter the pool here
C. NO ONE is allowed to go further
D. Stop here if you CANNOT swim

Passage 4 (‫)ﺧﺎﻟﺪ وورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ا��ﺳﺒﻮع‬

Workshop and Khalid
(1) Khalid attended a weekend workshop on mind fullness training and it had been great. He felt
he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way to discipline
and control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with one's goals. The first
thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's goals in life must be clearly
thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step is to keep all details on how we
spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness. The result is that we are always on target.
The most insignificant detail then becomes an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us
in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end, Khalid thanked those and conducted the workshop. He also
thanked the other participants who had shared the weekend with him. He affirmed that he
valuable lessons in maintaining who had made presentations had indeed learned. They would
like his two daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their
bedrooms, but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found exactly
what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife would be more
than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had purchased.

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(3) On and on he drove. Suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour after he had been
on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to the car with the bag. he
had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to eat in case he got hungry while
driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car without the bag. There was nothing to
do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to get it. His four-hour drive would now be
considerably longer than four.
27. When was the workshop? ‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬
A. before the end.
B. during the week.
C. on a weekend.
D. at the end of the weekend
28. The word effortless in paragraph 1, is closest in meaning to.....
...... ‫ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬، 1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺪون ﺟﻬﺪ" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Without goals.
B. Without details.
C. Without working.
D. Without significance.
29. According to paragraph 2, to whom did Khalid expected his appreciation for the
workshop? ‫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮه ﻟﻠﻮرﺷﺔ؟‬، 2 ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Only the presenters at the workshop.
B. Only the businessmen at the workshop.
C. Some of his colleagues at the workshop.
D. Everyone who was present at the workshop.
30. According to paragraph 1, Khalid will use what he learned at the workshop to control.....
........ ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬، 1 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. His time at the office.
B. The maintenance of memory.
C. the different areas of his life.
D. All aspects of his employment.
31. The word pleased in paragraph 2, is closest in meaning to.......
...... ‫ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬، 2 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣ��ور ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Good.
B. Happy.
C. Certain.
D. Special.
32. According to paragraphs 3 and 4, how long will it take Khalid to drive home?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻐﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل؟‬، 4 ‫ و‬3 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
A. about 4 hours.
B. exactly 4 hours.
C. much less than 4 hours.
D. much more than 4 hour

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Passage 5 Fish (‫)اﻟﺴﻤﻚ‬

(1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size, shape, color and
habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may resemble rocks. All the colors of the
rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are very brightly colored while others can be very dull.
(2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters of Antarctica,
hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all fish get their oxygen from
water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish
forces water through its gills. The gills absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water
which then passes out through the gills.
(3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find more species
each year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are truly amazing animals to
study and observe.
33. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. the types of fish
B. the colors of fish
C. fish are fascinating animals
D. how fish live and play in water
34. The word resemble in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to...............
...... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. differ from
B. look like
C. live in
D. move
35. The word it in Paragraph 2) refers to …… ...... ‫ اﻟﻰ‬2 ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. fish
B. water
C. a river
D. oxygen
36. According to Paragraph 3), it is expected that in the new Norma the scientists will find
more .........‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﻳﺠﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮرﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. fish
B. animals
C. kinds of animals
D. species of animals

Passage 6 Salt (‫)اﺳﻄﻮرة اﻟﻤﻠﺢ وا��ﻣﻴﺮة واﻟﺨﺎﺗﻢ‬

(1) According to a 700-year-old legend, a princess called the Blessed Kinga threw her ring
into a salt mine at Marmaros in Hungary. While travelling from Marmaros to Cracow, she
stopped at the neighbour and her servants were told to dig a well. Instead of water, the salt
was discovered-and in the first lump of salt which was taken out, Kinga's ring was found!
(2) The legend is just a story - but it is true that for over seven centuries salt has been mined
from the rock below the town of Wieliczka. The salt used to be dug out by hand, and until
1620 it was carried up to the surface by the miners. After the chamber was destroyed by fire

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in 1697, the miners were not allowed to take the wooden statue of the mine, so they began
to carve sculptures of rock salt.
(3) Nowadays visitors are shown how salt was mined long ago, and can see the enormous
chambers which have been dug out of the solid rock. They can also see pretty green lakes, and
chapels with beautiful carvings.
37. The word legend in paragraph 1, is closest in meaning to......
........ ‫ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬، 1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﺳﻄﻮرة" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. a tale.
B. an epic.
C. an episode.
D. a mystery.
38. According to paragraph I, the legend states that princess Kinga asked her servants to.........
‫ ﺗﻨﺺ ا��ﺳﻄﻮرة ﻋﻠﻰ أن ا��ﻣﻴﺮة ﻛﻴﻨﻐﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬، ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف ا��ول‬
A. dig a mine
B. bring her some salt.
C. bring her some water.
D. make a source of fresh water.
39. According to paragraph 1, Kinga's ring was found in......
......‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺗﻢ ﻛﻴﻨﻐﺎ ﻓﻲ‬، 1 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Gold mine.
B. Sound lump.
C. Salt mine.
D. Water well.
40. According to paragraph 2, the story about princess Kinga is.....
......‫ ﻓﺈن ﻗﺼﺔ ا��ﻣﻴﺮة ﻛﻴﻨﻐﺎ ﻫﻲ‬، 2 ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Romantic.
B. Fictitious.
C. Religious.
D. Real.
41. According to paragraph 2, what happened in 1697? ‫؟‬1697 ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺣﺪث ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬، 2 ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Some miners were fired.
B. The mine was destroyed.
C. A chamber burned.
D. A chamber broke.
42. According to par 2, miners made their statues from the rock Salt because it is.....
...... ‫ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻴﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺢ اﻟﺼﺨﺮي ��ﻧﻪ‬، 2 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Easier to burn.
B. Easier to make.
C. Safer than wood.
D. Heavier than wood

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Passage 7 (‫) ادﻳﺴﻮن اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺮع اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬

(1) Thomas Alva Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the
world might still be a dark place. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also
invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and over 1,200 other things. About every
two weeks he created something new.
(2) Thomas A. Edison was born in Mila, Ohio, on February 11, 1847. His family moved to Port Huron,
Michigan, when he was seven years old. Surprisingly, he attended school for only two months.
His mother, a former teacher, taught him a few things, but Thomas was mostly self-educated.
His natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age with electrical and
mechanical things at home.
(3) When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train that ran
between Port Huron and Detroit. He set up a laboratory in a baggage car of the train so that
he could continue his experiments inexperience did not end well. Thomas was fired when he
accidentally set fire to the floor of the baggage car.
(4) Thomas then worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much
of his time on the job conducting experiments. He got his first patent in1868 for a vote recorder
run by electricity. However, the vote recorder was not a success. In 1870, he sold another
invention, a stock-ticker, for $40,000.stock-ticker is a machine that automatically prints stock
prices on a tape. He was then able to build his first shop in Newark, New Jersey.
(5) Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other. He thought of his
deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more
time for work. He called himself a "two-shift man" because he worked 16 out of every 24hours.
Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas
Edison died at the age of 84 on October 18, 1931, at his estate in West Orange, New Jersey. He
left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.
43. The best title for the passage is..... ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻮ‬
A. Edison: a man of clumsy inventions.
B. Edison: an academic mind.
C. Edison: a great inventor.
D. Edison: a man of unfulfilled dreams.
44. According to paragraph I, Edison's most important invention was the......
.....‫ ﻛﺎن أﻫﻢ اﺧﺘﺮاع إدﻳﺴﻮن ﻫﻮ‬، ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف ا��ول‬
A. Motion picture camera.
B. Phonograph.
C. Stock ticker.
D. Light bulb.
45. According to paragraph 3, Edison lost his first work because he.......
...... ‫ ﻓﻘﺪ إدﻳﺴﻮن أول ﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أﻧﻪ‬، 3 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. accidentally started a fire.
B. occasionally spared time.
C. Created something new.
D. Was too young.

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46. According to paragraph 4, Edison was able to build his first shop because he......
.........‫ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ إدﻳﺴﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء أول ﻣﺘﺠﺮ ﻟﻪ ��ﻧﻪ‬، 4 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Worked as a telegraph operator.
B. Earned his first patent.
C. Sold his vote recorder.
D. Sold his stock ticker.
47. According to paragraph 5, Edison considered his deafness to be......
........‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺮ إدﻳﺴﻮن أن ﺻﻤﻤﻪ‬، 5 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. A disadvantage.
B. An advantage.
C. A necessity.
D. A charm.
48. The pronoun it in paragraph 5, refers to his...... .......‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬5 ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Blessing.
B. Deafness.
C. Thought.
D. Ear

Passage 8 Dolphin (‫)اﻟﺪوﻟﻔﻴﻦ‬

(1) Welcome to Dolphin Ocean Park. We're really happy that you are here to learn about the
amazing animals we call dolphins. Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals and are
part of the toothed whale family.
(2) They are found worldwide, some in freshwater rivers, but most species live in shallow areas of
oceans worldwide. They are carnivores, eating mostly fish and squid. They use echolocation,
bouncing sound off underwater objects, to hunt together. Dolphin coloration varies, but they
are generally gray in color with darker backs than the rest of their bodies.
49. The people reading this notice are most likely......
........‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ‬
ً ‫ا��ﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﺮؤون ﻫﺬا ا��ﺷﻌﺎر ﻫﻢ ا��ﻛﺜﺮ‬
A. Visitors about to see dolphins.
B. Visitors of a museum.
C. Experts on dolphins.
D. Students in a school.
50. It can be understood from the passage that dolphins.......
......‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ أن اﻟﺪ��ﻓﻴﻦ‬
A. Avoid eating other animals.
B. Are always the same color.
C. Hunt individually.
D are very smart.

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Passage 9 Currencies (‫)اﻟﻌﻤ��ت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ أﺻﻮﻟﻬﺎ وأﺳﺒﺎب ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬

(1) There are so many currencies in the world with differing names. The origins and development
of these names and uses have an interesting history.
(2) The dollar is one of the most common currencies in the world used by the US, Australia,
Canada, Fiji, New Zealand, and Singapore to name a few. The origin of the dollar, also the
Slovenian tolar, is from a German coin called the Joachimsthaler, shortened to Thaler or dalerin
Low German). It was named after the valley in which the silver it was made from was mined,
the Joachimsthal, literally Joachim"s valley. The term began to be used in other languages,
especially Dutch, and was later applied to the most widely used coin in the American colonies.In
1792, it was adopted as the official name of the US monetary unit.
(3) Many countries use the dinar, which comes from the Latin denarius, an ancient Roman silver
coin: The Jordanian dinar. Algerian dinar, Serbian dinar, and Kuwaiti dinar among others.
(4) The Indian and Pakistani rupee as well as the Indonesian rupiah derive from the Sanskrit rupya,
meaning 'wrought silver, which is what they were originally made of.
(5) The Malaysian mggit is from the Malay for jagged and refers to the serrated edges of the
Spanish silver dollars used as currency in Malaysia before the ringgit was introduced. Serrated
edges on coins became popular when coins were made of precious metals like gold and silver
because the ridges made it harder for people to scrape off metal and devalue the coins.
(6) Although the Germans and the Finns use the Euro now,their former currencies the German
mark and the Finnish markka, both have their origin in units of weight. While Spanish peso
meaning 'weight" in Spanish, is also no longer used in Spain, it lives on as the currency of
Mexico, Argentina and the Philippines. The British pound or pound sterling comes from the
Latin pondus weight.
(7) Many Scandinavian countries use currency whose name is ultimately derived from the Latin
corona meaning crown': Swedish krona, Norwegian krone, Danish krone, and the Czech
koruna.krone, Danish.
(8) The Spanish real, a former currency of Spain derived from the Latin regalis meaning royal,
which is the origin of a number of Middle Eastern currencies such as the Omani and Iranian
riyal, and the Qatari, Yemeni, and Saudi riyal. The riyal has been the currency of Saudi Arabia
since the country came into being and was the currency of Hejaz before Saudi Arabia was
created.
51. According to the passage, which of the following is true about currencies?
‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤ��ت؟‬، ‫وﻓﻘﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
A. Some are named after kings.
B. Some are named after places.
C. Some were named based on the metal uses.
D. Some were named based on how heavy they were.
52. We can understand from the paragraph 2, that the Dollar has its name from the......
.......‫ أن اﺳﻢ اﻟﺪو��ر ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ‬2 ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Australians.
B. Americans.
C. Canadians.
D. Germans.

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53. According to paragraphs 3 and 4, what did the Dinar and Rupee have in common?
‫؟‬4 ‫ و‬3 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎر واﻟﺮوﺑﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
A. The material form which they were made.
B. The similar origin of the names.
C. The countries they are used in.
D. The value that they held.
54. The word it in paragraph 6, refers to.... ....... ‫ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻰ‬6 ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Peso.
B. Spain.
C. Weight.
D. Markka.
55. The expression derived from in paragraph 7, is closest in meaning to....
.......‫ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬، 7 ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Originated.
B. Translated.
C. Explained.
D. Produced.
56. According to paragraph 8, the origin of the word Riyal is......
..........‫ أﺻﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ رﻳﺎل ﻫﻮ‬، 8 ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Hejazi.
B. Spanish.
C. Yemeni.
D. Ottoman.

Passage 10 (‫)رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺗﻮم‬

Message to Tom
“Steve: Can I come and see you next weekend?
Tom: on Friday I am busy, but Saturday will be OK.”

57. What did Steve ask in his message to Tom? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺳﺄل ﺳﺘﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮم؟‬
A. Are you usually busy at weekends?
B. What do you usually do on Fridays?
C. What are you going to do on Saturday?
D. Can I come and see you next weekend?

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Model 9
Passage 1 (‫ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬-‫)ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛ��ي‬
1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA
in 1942. His birth name was Cassius Marcellus Clay. When he was young, he was an amateur
boxing champion. In 1960, when he was still an amateur, he won the light heavyweight gold
medal at the Olympic games in Rome.
2) After that, Ali became a professional heavyweight boxer. He was 1.88 meters tall and his
fighting weight was about 95 kilograms. He had a very successful professional boxing career.
In fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three timers. The first time was when he
beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and
assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
3) In 1967 he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War. Although a jury in a trial found him
guilty, later the Supreme Court said that he had had the right to refuse
4) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George Foreman in
Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon Spinks All fought his
last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then retired from boxing
5) Heavyweight boxers ate usually very strong but not fast, but Ali was very strong and very fast.
He said his style was “to float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.” Ali liked to talk a lot and
people called him the Louisville Lip.
21. Ali won an Olympic gold Medal in ______. ....‫ﻓﺎز ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ا��وﻟﻤﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
A. Kentucky.
B. Louisville.
C. Rome.
D. Zaire.
22. According to Paragraph 1), when Ali won the gold medal, he was _____.
.............‫ ﻛﺎن‬، ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﺎز ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ‬، (1) ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. a professional boxer.
B. a heavyweight boxer.
C. an amateur boxer.
D. a strong boxer.
23. According to Paragraph 2), Ali changed his name _____________.
......‫ ﻗﺎم ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﺳﻤﻪ‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. one year before he defeated Sonny Liston.
B. two years after he defeated Sonny Liston.
C. in the same year he defeated Sonny Liston.
D. six months before he defeated Sonny Liston.
24. The word assumed in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _________.
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻔﺘﺮض" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. took.
B. threw.
C. posited.
D. suspected.

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25. According to Paragraph 3), who supported Ali when he refused to join the army?
‫( ﻣﻦ أﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ رﻓﺾ ا��ﻟﺘﺤﺎق ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻴﺶ؟‬3) ‫وﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. his fans.
B. the jury.
C. the Vietnamese.
D. the supreme court.
26. Ali became heavyweight champion for the third time after beating ____.
....... ‫أﺻﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻄﻞ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺰﻳﻤﺔ‬
A. Leon Spinks.
B. Sonny Liston.
C. George Forman.
D. Trevor Berbick.

Passage 2 (‫)رد دﻳﻒ اﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬

Alex: Hi Dave, do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Dave: Sorry Alex, I can’t talk right now because I’m …….
27. What is Dave’s reply? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ رد دﻳﻒ؟‬
A. Working.
B. Looking.
C. Read.
D. Fast.

Passage 3 Required (‫)��ﻛﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺷﻐﻞ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺷﺎﻏﺮة‬

A reputable travel and tourism company requires the following in the areas of Abha – Jizan -
Kliamis Mushait – Jeddah - Dammam:
Tour and Hotel Consultant
භ Bachelor's degree in Hotel Management and Tourism
භ Previous experience with travel and tourism agents
භ Knowledge of and experience with visa procedures
භ Fluency in English, spoken and written
භ Proficiency in dealing with people
Airline Reservation Consultant
භ Bachelor's degree
භ Familiarity with reservation systems
භ Fluency in English. spoken and written
භ Neat appearance
Accountant
භ Bachelor's degree in Accounting
භ Experience in dealing with the IATA system
භ Fluency in English, spoken and written
Preference is given to Saudi nationals

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28. Which qualifications are required for all three positions?

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﻫ��ت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺜ��ﺛﺔ؟‬
A. fluent English and Saudi nationality.
B. ability to deal with people and a good appearance.
C. a bachelor’s degree and fluent English.
D. job experience and fluent English.
29. What kind of company is trying to fill these positions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع اﻟ��ﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺎول ﺷﻐﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ؟‬
A. a hotel chain.
B. an accounting firm.
C. an airlines company.
D. a travel and tourism company.
30. What information is NOT given in the passage?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. academic requirements.
B. salaries and benefits.
C. job titles.
D. Locations.

Passage 4 (‫)اﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﻟﻄ��ب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬

The University administration asked questions to find out about their services at the Student
Union. The professors were all told to ask their students to fill out the questionnaires and return
them by the end of the semester.
31. Who should respond to the questionnaires? ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺠﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ا��ﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت؟‬
A. NEITHER the students NOR the professors.
B. the students and the professors.
C. the professors.
D. the students.

Passage 5 (‫)ﻣﺮق اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬

Many food professionals consider bone broth to be a super-food that should be in stock every
day in every kitchen. Bone broth is a traditional food that provides the human body with forms
of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and other minerals that are easy to consume, digest, and
absorb. All of these minerals and nutrients arc usually lacking in most people's diets today,
leading to weak teeth, bones, immune systems, and bodies in general.
32. The word that in the passage refers to _________. .....‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﺘﻲ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
A. phosphorus.
B. magnesium.
C. minerals.
D. calcium.

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33. The word lacking in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.

...... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻘﺺ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻲ‬
A. removing.
B. existing.
C. missing.
D. changing.

Passage 6 ( ‫) ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪة اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن واﺛﺎرﻫﺎ اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ‬

1) Is your television killing you? Did you know that every hour you spend watching it can take 22
minutes off of your life? This means that viewing for an average of six hours a day can cut short
your life by five years!
2) The above information is based on a study done by a group of researchers at the University of
Queensland, Australia. The inactivity associated with TV viewing is dangerous and gives greater
opportunities for unhealthy overeating. The researchers also showed that a sedentary lifestyle
is as bad for health as smoking cigarettes. The scientists calculated that half an hour of
watching TV’ is equivalent to smoking one cigarette, with both cutting 11 minutes off a lifespan.
Australians watch TV for an average of six hours per day and health effects are likely to be
similar in other industrialized countries: the average amount of time spent watching TV daily
is four hours in the UK and live hours in the United States.
3) An earlier study associated television viewing with the risk of developing type-2 diabetes and
heart disease, as well as with the risk of early death. That research showed that these risks rose
by 20% for people who spend just two hours a day in front of the TV.
4) The good news is that exercising for just 15 minutes a day can increase your lifespan by up to
three years. It can also reduce the risk of premature death by 14%. Each extra 15 minutes of
exercise added to that can decrease this risk by another 4%.

34. What activity can increase the health risks of diabetes and heart disease by 20%?
‫؟‬٪20 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮي وأﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
A. watching TV for two hours a day.
B. a generally inactive lifestyle.
C. unhealthy overeating.
D. smoking.
35. The word premature in Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ______.
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ��واﻧﻪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. late.
B. early.
C. final.
D. developing.

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36. According to Paragraph 4), exercising for 15 minutes daily can ______.
.....‫ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬
ً ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬15 ‫ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة‬، (4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. add three years to your total life time.
B. lengthen your life by 22 minutes.
C. decrease the risk of death by 4%.
D. lower heart disease by 4%.

Passage 7 (‫) رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ ل ﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﺴﻜﺮﺗﻴﺮ وﻏﻀﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ وﺻﻮﻟﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬
From: <ahmad.adbullah@globalconsiiltants.com>
To: <hamad.salih@ globalconsultants.com>
Date: October 28, 2013
Subject: Meeting with PR
I’m having a meeting with the public relations specialist tomorrow afternoon at 1 p.m. I need
you to have five final hard copies of our updated company profile ready as well as the
PowerPoint presentation preloaded onto the conference room computer with everything set
up. Mr. Ali has been asked to make sure there are enough refreshments available for up to ten
people. Please make sure you arrive prior to the start time, as I was not pleased when the
guests and I arrived before you at the last event. In addition, make sure to bring the extra
materials that I discussed with you in my office yesterday. As I will not return to the office today
and will be out tomorrow morning. I won't see you until the meeting tomorrow afternoon.
Thank you, Ahmad Abdulla President Global Consultant.

37. Why was Mr. Ahmad NOT pleased with Mr. Hamad?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ أﺣﻤﺪ راﺿﻴﺎً ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺣﻤﺪ؟‬
A. Mr. Hamad forgot to bring extra materials at a past event.
B. Mr. Hamad arrived later than him at a past event.
C. Mr. Hamad was unable to attend a past event.
38. When did Mr. Ahmad and Mr. Hamad have their last meeting?
‫ﻣﺘﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﻰ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ أﺣﻤﺪ واﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺣﻤﺪ آﺧﺮ ﻣﺮة؟‬
A. the day after the message was sent.
B. the day before the message was sent.
C. the morning that the message was sent.
D. a few days before the message was sent.

Passage 8 Cupping (‫) اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ‬

1) Hijama, also known as “cupping”, was one of the treatments recommended by Prophet
Muhammad peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the world and has many
medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are made at specific body sites, and
impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in small glass “cups”. Afterwards, the body
feels refreshed and energized, having been cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.

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2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications have failed.
It is highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for people with headaches.
indigestion or sleeping problems. These complaints can be signs that the body is suffering
from some form of toxicity.
3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and perform the
therapy carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed on the 17th, the 19th,
or the 21st of the lunar month. When done in coordination with a healthy diet and exercise,
Hijama can give long-lasting, satisfactory results. Ideally, it should be done at least once a year.

39. According to Paragraph 1), what is one benefit of Hijama? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ؟‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. refreshed blood.
B. an energized body.
C. Satisfactory results.
D. cupping blood.
40. According to Paragraph 2), Hijama is used to treat all of the following EXCEPT _
.......‫ ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻌ��ج ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. signs of toxicity.
B. indigestion.
C. lethargy.
D. cuts on the body.
41. According to Paragraph 2), what is the cause of some headaches?
‫( ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﺪاع؟‬2) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. cleansed blood.
B. sleeping programs.
C. toxins in the body.
D. failed medication.
42. According to Paragraph 3), how often should Hijama be performed on a person?
‫ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺮة ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻢ أداء اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ؟‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. 3 days every month.
B. once every lunar month.
C. every other month.
D. once a year or more.
43. What can we understand about Hijama?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎﻣﺔ؟‬
A. It should NOT be used along with exercise.
B. It can give relief which lasts for 17, 19 or 21 days.
C. It can put impure blood into the body using small glass “cups”.
D. It should be performed using clean instruments.

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Passage 9 (‫)ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﻮي‬

If a person wants to be forceful, and really get his message across, then he should be bried;
because words are like sunbeams – the more they are condense, the deeper they burn.
44. The word forceful in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
..... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻗﻮي" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. sharp.
B. smart.
C. mindful.
D. powerful.

Passage 10 ( ‫) اﻟﺤﻤﺎم وﺷﻌﻮر اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻪ‬

1) When I see pigeons all around outside, a part of in admires them while another part is
disgusted by them, admire them for their ability to adapt to and flourish in their environment,
no matter where they are and I am disgusted by how dirty they can be!
2) In all the places I have travelled, whether it is North America. Europe, the Middle East, Africa,
or East Asia, pigeons are always a natural part of the scenery. They build nests wherever there
is a suitable space in the urban or country environment. In the city, you'll find them on window
ledges or any other relatively safe nook or cranny. On the countryside, they build nests in trees,
bushes, or on the ground.
3) In addition to living in many different locations, pigeons also come in numerous sizes and
colors. The smallest pigeons are the size of sparrows, whereas the largest can grow up to the
size of a turkey! Some fruit-eating pigeons are very brightly colored, with red. pink, or orange
feathers. Some pigeons even have crests or other distinctive ornamentation. Most pigeons I
see in the city, however, are a dull-colored gray, with occasional splash of subtle dark green or
purple plumage around the neck.
4) While perhaps pigeons mind their own business in their natural green environment. in the city
they are often considered pests. I myself have often thought of them as “rats with wings.” Like
rats, they show up wherever there are scraps of food to be eaten, but unlike nocturnal rats,
they do it during all times of the day. Many pigeons are also not afraid of humans, but will walk
very close to them to peck up any crumbs.
5) The worst aspect of pigeons living alongside us in the city is that they produce a lot of smelly
waste! I hate having to walk over sidewalks that are coated in pigeon droppings, and have
more than once had to hold my breath to avoid the stench. Often, urban pigeons also look
very dirty. because their feathers are coated with particulate matter from the city's polluted air
6) Despite their negative characteristics, though. I respect pigeons because they are useful to
people in several ways. They have served as a cheap form of protein and have also been
successfully trained to carry important messages. Furthermore, they are a form of
entertainment for young children at the park who love watching them walk around with their
characteristic head bobbing. Pigeons also help clean up dropped food that would otherwise
go to waste. If only they didn’t also leave their own waste everywhere as a result.

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45. In Paragraph 1), the writer wants to tell the reader about __________.
.....‫ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﻳﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﻋﻦ‬، (1) ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. his mixed feelings toward pigeons.
B. the benefits of pigeons to human beings.
C. how pigeons can sometimes get very dirty.
D. the ways pigeons adapt to all environments.
46. According to Paragraph 2), pigeons __________. ...... ‫( اﻟﺤﻤﺎم‬2) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Always build nests on window ledges in the city.
B. Prefer the countryside to the city for building nests.
C. Find ways to survive on all of the continents on earth.
D. Build their nests and thrive in any place they inhabit.
47. In Paragraph 4), the author considers pigeons “rats with wings” because they __
.........‫( ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم "ﻓﺌﺮان ﺑﺄﺟﻨﺤﺔ" ��ﻧﻬﺎ‬4) ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. feed on fallen food scraps.
B. are NOT afraid of humans.
C. are nocturnal foragers.
D. look just as dirty.
48. The word nocturnal in Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to _______.
........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻟﻴﻠﻲ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. used to light.
B. active at night.
C. scared of humans.
D. efficient at foraging.
49. In Paragraph 5), the author holds his breath to avoid _______.
......... ‫ ﻳﺤﺒﺲ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ أﻧﻔﺎﺳﻪ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ‬، (5) ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Sensing dirty pigeons.
B. Breathing air pollution.
C. Smelling pigeon waste.
D. Inhaling particulate matter.
50. According to Paragraph 5), urban pigeons look dirty because they ________.
.........‫ﻗﺬرا ��ﻧﻪ‬
ً ‫ ﻳﺒﺪو اﻟﺤﻤﺎم اﻟﺤ��ي‬، (5) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. are coated with the city’s air pollution.
B. usually have dull, gray-colored feathers.
C. have feathers that are hard to keep clean.
D. walk on sidewalks covered with droppings.
51. According to Paragraph 6), which is NOT a way pigeon have benefited humans?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻓﺎد ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻤﺎم اﻟﺒ��؟‬، (6) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. They are kept as pets.
B. They can be consumed.
C. They eat up littered food.
D. They provide amusement.

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Passage 11 (‫) اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬

1) Like all insects, ants have six legs. Each leg has three joints. The legs of the ant arc very strong
so they can run very quickly. If a man could run as fast for his size as an ant can, he could run
as fast as a racehorse. Ants can lift 20 times their own body weight. An ant brain has about
250.000 brain cells. A human brain has 10 billion brain cells, so a colony of 40.000 ants has
collectively the same number of brain cells as one human brain.
2) The average life expectancy of an ant is 45-60 days. Ants use their antennae not only for touch,
but also for smell the head of the ant has a pair of large, strong jaws. The jaws open and shut
sideways like a pair of scissors. Even adult ants cannot chew and swallow solid food. Instead,
they swallow the juice which they squeeze from pieces of food and throw away the dry part
that is left.
3) The ant has two eyes, each of which is made of many smaller eyes, so they are called compound
eyes. The abdomen of the ant contains two stomachs. One stomach holds the food for itself
and the second stomach is for food to be shared with other ants. Like all insects. the outside
of their body is covered with a hard armor called the exoskeleton. Ants have four distinct
growing stages, the egg. larva, pupa and the adult are classified as a special group of wasps.
4) There are over 10.000 known species of ants. They all live in social groups usually called
colonies. A colony has one or more queens. The sole duty of a queen is to lay eggs. The worker
ants, all of whom are female, cannot produce eggs; they take care of the queen and the eggs
she produces. Since the worker ants are sterile, their roles within the colony might be looking
after the young, providing food, or defending the nest from unwanted visitors. Ants are clean
and tidy insects, so some worker ants are given the job of taking the rubbish from the nest and
putting it outside in a special rubbish dump. Each colony of ants has its own smell. In this way,
intruders can be recognized immediately. Many ants, such as the red species, have stingers
which they use to defend their nest. However, some ants - like black ants and wood ants - have
no stingers, but can squirt acid to defend themselves and the colony.
5) Ants are interesting creatures. They have very tiny bodies but live in a complex social
community. They are not simply pests, as many people think; in point of fact, they represent a
positive example of how planning and teamwork should work in our societies.

52. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. There are different kinds of ants.
B. Ants are similar to other insects.
C. Ants are fascinating creatures.
D. Ants present a good example for other insects.
53. According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬، (2 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؟‬
A. Compared to other insects’ ants live for a short time.
B. Ants cut their food and then eat it.
C. Some of the ant’s senses work through its antennae.
D. Only young ants can swallow solid food.
54. According to Paragraph 2), adult ants can only swallow food that is ______.
......... ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ اﺑﺘ��ع اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻓﻘﻂ اذا ﻛﺎن‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. dry.
B. solid.

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C. chewed.
D. liquid.
55. According to Paragraph 3), an exoskeleton is common to _______.
...... ‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ أﻣﺮ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻓﻲ‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. larva.
B. all insects.
C. only wasps.
D. only ants.
56. The word compound in Paragraph 3), is closest in meaning to ______.
...... ‫ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬، (3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺮﻛﺐ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. complex.
B. whole.
C. round.
D. complete.
57. According to Paragraph 4), all worker ants can ______. ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬، (4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
A. lay eggs.
B. squirt acid.
C. sting their intruders.
D. protect their territory.
58. According to Paragraph 4), ants live in _____...........‫ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﻨﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ‬، (4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. families.
B. colonies.
C. isolation.
D. small group.
59. According to Paragraph 4), ants can know outsiders by their _______.
...........‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺧ��ل‬، (4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. size.
B. smell.
C. sound.
D. behavior.
60. The pronoun they in Paragraph 5) refers to ____............‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬5) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. ants
B. pests.
C. bodies.
D. people.

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Model 10
Passage 1 (‫)ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺳﻨﻮات اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺦ‬

Just five years ago, astronomers viewed Mars as an essentially dead world. Recent discoveries
made by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and gleaned from Martian meteorites have
changed that opinion.
21. When did scientists discover Mars Global? ‫ﻣﺘﻰ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻛﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ؟‬
A. Less than five ago.
B. Exactly five years ago.
C. More than five years ago
D. More than ten years ago

Passage 2 (‫)ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛ��ي اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬

(1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was
born as Cassius Clay in Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942.
(2) He had a very successful professional boxing career. In
fact, he won the world heavyweight championship three times. The first time was when he
beat the former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and
assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
(3) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion
again when he beat George Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in
1978 after beating Leon Spinks. Ali fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor
Berbick and then retired from boxing.
22. How old was Muhammed Ali when he became Muslim? ‫ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﺳﻠﻢ؟‬
A. 34
B. 36
C. 22
D. 1960
23. How old was Ali when he won the championship for the third time?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﺎز ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ؟‬
A. 34
B. 36
C. 22
D. 62

Passage 3 (‫) ﺟﺪول ﻣﻨﺪﻟﻴﻒ وﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻴﻮر اﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮر‬

Dmitri Mendeleyev has been hailed as the “genius who discovered the periodic table”.
However, Mendeleyev wasn’t even the third person to come up with the idea of the periodic
table. That honor belongs to the German chemist and physician Lothar Meyer 1830-1895).
Meyer wrote a popular book, The Modern theory of chemistry published in. While he was

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preparing the book, he noticed the relationship between the properties of a chemical element
and its atomic weight.
24. What does the passage say about Meyer? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﺮ؟‬
A. He worked with Mendeleyev.
B. He knew about Mendeleyev.
C. He wrote a famous textbook.
D. He read many books.

Passage 4 (‫) اﻟﺘ��ل اﺧﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل‬

A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding area. A mountain is generally
higher and steeper than a hill.
25. What does the passage say about hills? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘ��ل؟‬
A. They are lower than mountains.
B. They are as high as mountains.
C. They are higher than mountains.
D. They are steeper than mountains.

Passage 5 (‫)ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﺣﺘﻔﻞ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬

The ashes is a test cricket series played between England and Australia. It is one of the most
celebrated rivalries in international cricket and dates back to 1882.
26. The word celebrated in the passage is closest in meaning to -------.
..........‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﺑﻪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
A. enjoyed
B. preserved
C. performed
D. recommended

Passage 6 king Faisal prize

The King Faisal International Prize is awarded annually to a person or group of persons who
have done distinguished work in different fields. Nominations for recipients of the Prize are
accepted from scientific and academic institutions worldwide, irrespective of race, nationality
or creed.
27- Where do the King Faisal Prize nominations come from?
‫ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺤﺎت ﺟﺎﺋﺰة اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ؟‬
(A) the sons of King Faisal
(B) governmental agencies
(C) philanthropic organizations
(D) universities and scientific institutions

Passage 7 (‫) اﻟﻤﺴﻮاك‬

1) Before disposable, plastic toothbrushes were invented, some people might not have cleaned
their teeth at all, while other might have just done their best by washing their mouths with

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water and rubbing their teeth with some cloth or a finger. But for Muslims way back in the 6 th
century, dental hygiene was a very important matter.
2) While the practice of cleaning one’ teeth with a piece twig from the Slavadorapersica tree
predated Islam, it is the Prophet Muhammad – peace be upon him – who commended its
regular use and had Muslims start it. The twig, called a MISWAK or SIWAK in Arabic, was
described by him as a purification of the teeth and a means of pleasing God. The Prophet
himself – peace be upon him – used the miswak to clean teeth before every prayer, and said
that he would order his followers to do the same, had he not at it might over-burden them.
28. What is the purpose of Paragraph 2)? ‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. To criticize people who did NOT clean their teeth very well.
B. To introduce the reader to good dental hygiene practices.
C. To show how plastic toothbrushes were an important invention.
D. To create interest in a method for cleaning teeth used by Muslims.
29. What does Paragraph 2) say about Muslims use of the miswak?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﺴﻮاك؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Muslims used it regularly because of the prophet’s peace upon him) recommendation.
B. The Muslims who used it had already used it before becoming Muslim.
C. Only the most devoted Muslims used it regularly, while others did not clean their teeth.
D. Some considered it a burden.

Passage 8 (‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻴﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻮاﻃﺊ اﻟﺒﺮازﻳﻞ‬512 ‫)ﺣﻴﺮة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺣﻮل‬

Partly, 512 penguins have washed up dead on the shores in southern Brazil. Marine biologists
and veterinarians are working together to determine the cause of the mysterious deaths. But
so far, details remain hazy. The penguins don’t pearl physically injured or malnourished, and
the researchers have no traces of oil on their bodies. The lack of clues, and with the sheer
number of the penguins, have left puzzled.
30. What did the scientist find out about the dead penguins?
‫ﻣﺎذا اﻛﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻴﻮر اﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ؟‬
A. They were killed by oil.
B. They died on the beaches.
C. They DON’T know what killed them.
D. They were NOT killed while migrating.

Passage 9 (‫) اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﺰدﻫﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟ��ق ا��وﺳﻂ‬

Coffee shops and cafés are a big industry in the Middle East, cabining to form a USA billion
market in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Deeply-ingrained coffee-drinking actions have
collided with investment from international creating a thriving segment of modern coffee
shops are now battling with traditional cafés. Growth is high and competition is fierce, but
unlike in most major markets, cafés coffee shop chains are both finding impressive growth.

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31. What can we understand from the passage? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. Cafés are causing coffees decline
B. Coffee shops are causing Cafés to decline
C. Coffee shops and cafés are thriving around the world.
D. Coffees shops and cafés are thriving in the Middle East.

Passage 10 (‫)ﻣﺤﺘﻮى ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ وﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬

1) The cat TV program Meow TV features squirrels running up and down trees to fast-paced
music. DOG TV, on the other hand, shows three kinds of programs: calming, stimulating, and
good behavior reinforcement. All their programs use the colors and sounds that dogs can see
and hear. The idea is to keep dogs calm and occupied when their owners have to leave them
home alone.
2) Dogs and cats in America are not the only animals being exposed to television these days. On
a Russian dairy farm near Moscow, the cows are watching TV. Farm workers installed six large
plasma screens in the cow farm. Then they selected 20 cows for an experiment. They divided
them into two equal groups. There is no special channel or program designed for cows, so the
farmer showed non-stop videos of beautiful, green grassy meadows and landscapes to the
first group. The other group got only the background music without the video. After a month,
the cows that were watching television produced on average three liters more milk than those
that were not. Veterinarians say the images relax the cows and put them in a good mood for
milking.
32. What is the topic of paragraph 1)? ‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Squirrels and wild cats on TV
B. How TV shows can train dogs.
C. How dogs perceive sound and color.
D. The content of pet programs and TV shows
33. According to paragraph 2), why did the one group of cows give more milk?
‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا أﻧﺘﺠﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ا��ﺑﻘﺎر اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. The farmer showed them movies about cows.
B. The farmer kept them in the barn.
C. They were happy and relaxed.
D. They liked the music.

Passage 11 (‫)ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻣﺆﺳﺲ ﺑﻨﻚ ﺑﻨﺠ��دﻳﺶ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻨﺴﺎء واﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‬

Since Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank, it has made about 5.7 billion dollars in
micro-credit loans to more than six million people in Bangladesh. The program has enabled
millions of Bangladeshis, almost all women, to buy everything from cows to cell phones in
order to start and run their own businesses. Yunus’ strategy has been the opposite of
traditional banks. He would say: “If the banks lent to the rich, lent to the poor. If banks lent to
men, I lent to women. If banks required collateral, my loans were collateral free. If banks
required a lot of paperwork, my loans were illiterate friendly. if you had to go to the bank, my
bank went to the village.”

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34. The word their in the passage refers to ----------- ........‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ إﻟﻰ‬
A. banks
B. millions
C. businesses
D. Bangladeshis
35. What can we understand from the passage? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. Banks in Bangladesh require their clients to be illiterate.
B. Traditional banks in Bangladesh have failed to help women and the poor.
C. Micro-credit has a strong focus on lending to men
D. The majority of the micro-credit loans bought cows and mobiles.

Passage 12 (‫) ﺳﺒﺎق اﻟﻬﺠﻦ‬

A champion camel can be worth hundreds of thousands of royals in price money to be owner,
rider, and trainer. Also, it is important to the partly celebrated prestige and distinguished honor
of having a winner.
36. The word winner in this passage refers to ……‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ إﻟﻰ‬
A. Owner.
B. Rider.
C. Camel
D. Trainer

Passage 13 (‫) ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ا��ﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬

The English language history of South Africa has many strands. There was initially a certain
amount of regional dialect variation among the different groups of British settlers, with the
speech of the London area predominant in the Cape, and Midlands and Northern speech
strongly represented in Natal; but in due course a more homogenous accent emerged – an
accent that shares many similarities with the accents of Australia, which was also being settled
during this period. In addition, English came to be used, along with Afrikaans and often other
languages, by those with an ethnically mixed background; and it was also adopted by the many
immigrants from India, who arrived in the country from around 1986.
37. Which English dialect was similar to the one in the Cape?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ ا��ﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻴﺐ؟‬
A. London
B. Midlands
C. Northlands
D. Australian
38. What word best describes the history of the English language at South Africa?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻒ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ا��ﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﻮب إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ؟‬
A. short
B. simple
C. Complex
D. marginal

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Passage 14
Vegetarian Indian immigrants to Great Britain began to suffer from pernicious anemia not
long after their arrival. It was discovered that the cause of the disease was the overly-hygienic
dried fruits and packaged foods they were consuming in Britain. Back in India, there were
minute amounts of insect parts in the dried fruits, and this provided them with enough
Vitamin B, to prevent anemia. Once food is sterilized, sanitized, freeze-dried, artificially
colored and preserved (all untouched by human hands), it is probably no longer fit for
consumption anyway.
39- What causes pernicious anemia? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺨﺒﻴﺚ؟‬
(A) freeze-dried foods
(B) lack of Vitamin B12
(C) insect parts in food
(D) too many dried fruits

Passage 15 (‫)اﻟﻌﻮد اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬

Processing Oud through distillation produces extracts used in perfumes. As part of the
distillation process, Oud chips are heated in water. As the water evaporates and forces vapor
into coiled piped the remaining liquid separated from the water is the Oud oil. From this liquid,
perfumes are created that can then be applied directly to the body or hair.
40. The processing of Oud for perfumes requires ------- the chips.
.‫ اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬.........‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻟﻠﻌﻄﻮر‬.
A. evaporating
B. coiling
C. burning
D. distilling
Passage 16 (‫)ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺒﺮوﻟﻴﺘﺎرﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﻪ‬
In its modern form, communication grew out of the socialist movement of 19th century Europe.
As the Industrial Revolution advanced, socialist articles planned capitalism for the misery of the
proletariat a new class of urban factory workers who labored under often hard conditions.
Foremost among these critics were Marx and his associate Friedrich Engels. In 1848, Marx and
Engels offered a new definition of communication and proletariated the term in their famous
pamphlet the Communist.
41. Which of the following is TRUE?‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻪ؟‬
A. The proletariat was a communist movement
B. Marx and Engels wrote about Communism
C. Factories were safe places to work
D. Engels opposed the proletariat

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Passage 17 (‫) اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﻢ‬

1) Scientists often discover clever methods to advance their research. In 2003, one ingenious
physicist took a block of graphite, some Scotch tape and a lot of patience and fashioned a
remarkable new wonder material that is a million times thinner than paper, more conductive
than copper, and stronger than diamond. It is called grapheme, and physicists were wildly
excited when the first research article about grapheme describing the newly developed carbon
material appeared the following year.
2) Grapheme is a “wonder material”, a super-conductive form of carbon, made from sheets a
single atom thick. Physicists are so excited about it because it has the potential to completely
transfigure the field of electronics and nanotechnology.
3) The man who first isolated grapheme is Andre Geim. He works in an English university, but
studied at the Moscow Physical-Technical University and earned his PhD from the Institute of
Solid-State Physics in Chernogolovka, Russia.

42 . what does paragraph 1 say about graphene ‫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺮاﻓﻴﻦ؟‬1 ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. it is a form of carbon
B. it is a kind of copper
C. it is made of scotch tape
D. it is more precious than diamond
43. The word transfigure in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ----
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. replace
B. inform
C. deform
D. change
44. According to Paragraph 3) , where is Andre Geim employed?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ أﻧﺪرﻳﻪ ﺟﻴﻢ؟‬، (3 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. in Cherngolovka
B. in Moscow
C. in England
D. at IBM

Passage 18 (‫)ﺟﺰر اﻟﻬﺎواي ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﺎ وﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬

1) The formation of the Hawaiian Islands was very different from the formation of the continents.
Geologists believe that the islands appeared separately and more recently. According to the
geological evidence, they were formed by volcanoes only about 30 million years ago.
2) These volcanoes began when some cracks appeared on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. Deep
under the earth’s surface, the rocks are very hot, so hot that they are in a liquid from called
lava. This lava can sometimes come up through openings on the surface of the earth. The piles
of lava slowly build up and become mountains. When the openings are on the ocean floor, the
mountains are at first underwater. They may eventually become tall enough to rise above the
water and form islands. This is how the Hawaiian Archipelago was created.

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3) Younger Hawaiian Islands are still growing. The Big Island of Hawaii has two active volcanoes
which are still adding new lava to the island. There are also new islands in the archipelago in
the process of formation. Geologists have found an underwater volcano about 30 miles south
of the island of Hawaii. Now about 3.000 feet below the surface of the ocean, it will probably
rise above the water. Someday, this volcano could become another Hawaiian island.
45- What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) How geologists discovered volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands.
(B) How the Hawaiian Islands appeared and were formed in the sea.
(C) How a beautiful semi-circle reef surrounds the Hawaiian Islands.
(D) How mountains can be seen underwater near the Hawaiian shores
46. According to Paragraph 1), how and when do geologists say that the islands emerged?
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ وﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﻮن أن اﻟﺠﺰر ﻇﻬﺮت؟‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. all at once less than 30 million years ago
B. one by one less than 30 million years ago
C. at all once more than 30 million years ago
D. on by one more than 30 million years ago
47. The word piles in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to --------
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﻛﻮام" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. files
B. bands
C. stacks
D. assortments
48. The word it in Paragraph 3) refers to …………….‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬3 ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. volcano
B. ocean
C. island
D. surface
49. According to Paragraph 3), volcanoes cause ----------. .....‫ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺒﺮاﻛﻴﻦ‬، (3) ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. the Hawaiian Island to disappear
B. more Hawaiian Islands to form
C. the ocean water to be warmer
D. coral reefs to form

Passage 17 (‫) ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ و أﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ��وروﺑﺎ‬

1) In 1859, thanks to the efforts of a French diplomat and politician, Ferdinand de Lesseps, work
started on the Suez Canal. Though he was not an engineer, he had been haunted by the idea
of the canal since his youth. De Lesseps spent a decade supervising the massive operation that
involved the excavation of about 97 million cubic yards of earth.
2) De Lesseps first established an artificial harbor at Port Said as a base and had a canal dug from
the Nile to the Suez to provide fresh-water for the 20.000 laborers.
3) The official opening was on November 17, 1869. Representatives of almost every European
royal family attended the inauguration celebration. Ships from France, Russia, Austria, Italy,

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Britain, and the United States sailed through the canal and de Lesseps’ dream was finally a
reality. The total cost of the project was an estimated $ 105 million, which at the time was a lot
of money. This was more than twice the original estimate, but it was a tiny sum compared with
the value of the canal to world trade.
50- According to Paragraph (1), De Lesseps was everything EXCEPT---
.......‫ ﻛﺎن دي ﻟﻴﺴﺒﺲ ﻛﻞ ��ء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) an engineer
(B) a diplomat
(C) a politician
(D) a Frenchman
51. According to paragraph 2), what was Port Said?‫( ﻣﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻮرﺳﻌﻴﺪ؟‬2 ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
A. a Mediterranean port
B. a useful natural harbor
C. a large new city
D. a man-made harbor
52. What does paragraph 3), say about building the Suez Canal compared to modern
standards? ‫( ﻋﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. It was very important politically.
B. It was extremely inexpensive.
C. It was very time-consuming.
D. It was extremely inefficient.
53. According to Paragraph 3), to whom was building the canal the most important?
‫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻨﺎة ﻫﻮ ا��ﻫﻢ؟‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. the Arab world
B. the Europeans
C. the Egyptians
D. the royalty

Passage 18 (‫)ﻟﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺪوارة وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﻳﺔ‬

1) If you’re studying physics, there are few more exhilarating things to learn about than a roller
coaster. Roller coasters are driven almost entirely by basic inertial and gravitational forces, all
manipulated in the service of a great ride.
2) Roller coasters have a long, fascinating history. The direct ancestors of roller coasters were
monumental ice slides that were popular in Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries.
3) Roller coaster historians diverge on the exact evolution of these ice slides into actual rolling
carts. The most widespread account is that a few entrepreneurial Frenchman imported the ice
slide idea to France. The warmer climate of France tended to melt the ice, so the French started
building waxed slides instead, eventually adding wheels to the sleds.
4) The first American roller coaster was the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway, built in the
mountains of Pennsylvania in the mid-1800s. the track, originally built to send coal to a railway,
was reconfigured as a “scenic tour.” For one dollar, tourists got a leisurely ride up to the top of

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the mountain followed by a wild, bumpy ride back down. Over the next 30 years, these scenic
rides continued to thrive and were joined by wooden roller coasters similar to the ones we
know today.
54. According to Paragraph 1), why are roller coasters of interest to physics students?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺠ��ت اﻟﺪوارة ﻟﻄ��ب اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء؟‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. They offer a great ride.
B. They are fast and complex
C. They run on various fascinating forces
D. They all work on the same fundamental principles.
55. The word ancestors in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to -------
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﺳ��ف ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. developments
B. predecessors
C. competitors
D. link
56. According to paragraph 3), why did the French change to rolling carts?
‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺪﺣﺮﺟﺔ؟‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. they were entrepreneurial
B. France is warmer than Russia
C. the ice slides evolved over time
D. ice slides COULDN’T be imported
57. What of the following can we understand from paragraph 4)? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫(؟‬4 ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Switchback is no longer used to send coal to the railway.
B. The Switchback Railway was built for scenic tours.
C. The ride from the top of the mountain was calm and leisurely.
D. Very little development took place in the roller coaster industry after Switchback.

Passage 19
With lignin and appropriate architecture, we truly have wood. It is wood that makes trees. In
practice, it is mainly the cells of the conducting vessels that become lignified, and they and
their surrounding supporting cells are the main ingredient in timber.
58- The word they in the passage refers to -----------------.....‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ إﻟﻰ‬
(A) cells
(B) vessels
(C) trees
(D) lignin and architecture

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Passage 20
(1) All applicants for graduate study at Central Institute of
Technology (CIT) are required to submit a personal statement of educational objectives.
(2) You may wish to address: (1) why you are applying to
your chosen degree program, (2) what you hope to achieve through your education, (3) how
your degree program will relate to your long-range career objectives, (4) what personal or
non-academic qualities you will contribute to the learning environment in your program, (5)
what (if any) prior experience you have with respect to your chosen program, and (6)
specifically, why you want to attend CIT.
59- The word address in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ---------
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﺨﺎﻃﺐ" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) talk about something
(B) send to a destination
(C) research
(D) conclude
60- What is NOT included in the list in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Reasons for choosing the program
(B) Future professional goals
(C) Teaching experience
(D) Personal qualities

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Model 11
Passage 1 (‫)ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ا��ﻃﻔﺎﺋﻲ وﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ إﻃﻔﺎء ﻣﻨﻬﻜﺔ‬

(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's
arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe the
tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire destroyed, the
more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other smokejumpers to build a
firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2)At last, the smokejumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it would
jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would have to start
all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was
too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his
head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3)Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man was not
brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he forgot about
himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others with whom he was
working.
21. According to Paragraph 1), it was hard for Mike to do job because -----------.
............‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. his arms were strained and painful
B. he COULDN'T think very well
C. he was busy with other things
D. he DIDN'T work with others
22. According to Paragraph 1), Mike's only thought as he tried to put out the fire was –
............‫ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ وﻫﻮ ﻳﺤﺎول إﻃﻔﺎء اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. to please his boss
B. to pump more water
C. to stop the blazing fire
D. to get something to drink
23. According to Paragraphs 1) and 2), the smokejumpers-built a -------- to stop the fire from
spreading. .........‫ ﺻﻤﻤﺖ ﻣﺼﺪات اﻟﺪﺧﺎن ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬، (2 ‫( و‬1 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
A. fence
B. trench
C. firebreak
D. water line
24. The word greedy in Paragraph 1) means wanting ----------.
......... ‫( ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺟﺸﻊ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. more
B. less
C. some
D. a little

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25. The pronoun it in Paragraph 1) refers to ---------------.‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. the axe
B. the fire
C. the roar
D. the smoke
26. The words the flaming monster in Paragraph 1) refer to-------------.
.......‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻮﺣﺶ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻌﻞ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Ben
B. the fire
C. the burning forest
D. the smokejumpers
27. According to Paragraph 2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ----------
..........‫ﺟﺪا ﺑﺤﻴﺚ �� ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
ً ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﻫ ًﻘﺎ‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. he had sweat all over him
B. he was covered with black ash
C. Ben did NOT give him much help
D. he had given so much to fight the fire
28. According to Paragraph 3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves -------------
........‫ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻚ أن اﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. working with proper tools
B. avoiding fire hazards
C. losing one's courage
D. caring for others
29. The pronoun his in Paragraph 3) refers to -------------
..........‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬3) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. a man
B. a fireman
C. Mike
D. Ben

Passage 2 (‫)اﻟﺒﺎﻧﺪا ﻣﻲ ��ن ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ ا��ﺻﻞ‬

1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese government
has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for scientific study. After a
few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a
three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born. A
special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
2) Chinese Zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and even
language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The
caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her
adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the
city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must
have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.

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30. The word tutor in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to--------.

..... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. speaker
B. scientist
C. keeper
D. teacher
31. According to Paragraph 2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn Chinese?
‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺮاس اﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن أن ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻲ ��ن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. so that she can speak with her caretakers
B. so that she will feel at home in China
C. so that she can forget her English
D. so that she will like her new diet
32. According to Paragraph 2, Where has Mei Lan been living?
A. in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
B. in an American research center
C. in Atlanta, Georgia
D. in Sichuan, China

Passage 3 (‫)اﻟﻨﺠﻮم اﻟﻮاﻧﻬﺎ واﺣﺠﺎﻣﻬﺎ وﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ وﻃﺮق ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬

(1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different colors.
Some are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is also shown when we take color
photographs of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an ordinary camera as
long as it is kept steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
(2)Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found that blue
stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars which cannot be
classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a blue superstar as big
as 40,000 suns and Beetle juice is a superstar with a size equal to 17,000 suns.
(3)Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of them
is a superstar, he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer. Astronomers have
instruments like light meters which can measure the brightness of a star quite accurately. It is
possible to measure a star's distance from the earth if astronomers know the color, brightness
and whether or not it is a superstar.
33. The pronoun it in Paragraph 1) refers to the ---------- ....‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. photograph
B. exposure
C. camera
D. star
34. According to Paragraph 1, the exposure time needed to photograph the night sky in color
is…… ..........‫ ﻓﺈن وﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض اﻟ��زم ﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ��ﻟﻮان ﻫﻮ‬، 1 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. 10 seconds
B. 15 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 30 seconds

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35. The word sufficient in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to -------

...... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻛﺎﻓﻲ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. enough
B. necessary
C. required
D. significant
36. According to Paragraph 2), Beetle juice is a superstar ----------.
.........‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. as big as the sun
B. smaller than the sun
C. as big as 17,000 suns
D. as big as 40,000 suns
37. The word brighter in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ---------.
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﻛﺜﺮ إ��ا ًﻗﺎ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. more colorful
B. more shiny
C. smaller
D. larger
38. According to Paragraph 2), astronomers classify stars according to the following EXCEPT-
---...........‫ ﻳﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬، (2 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. size
B. color
C. shape
D. brightness
39. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
‫أي ﻣﻦ ا��ﻟﻮان اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذﻛﺮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. green
B. yellow
C. blue
D. red
40. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. Astronomers have been able to measure how far the stars are from each other.
B. Astronomers have certain instruments to measure the color of the stars.
C. We can know the color of the stars by taking a photograph of the sky at night.
D. Stars can be categorized according to color and size.

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Passage 4 (‫)اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺠﻴ��ﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺣﻴﺮة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ وﺳﺒﺐ ﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
(1) A mysterious, orange, sticky gel, found on the beaches of Kivalina, a village situated on the
Alaskan coast between Kotzebue and Point Hope, was recently the source of much interest.
Many people thought that the sticky gel was some strange compound that had spread as a
result of a chemical reaction. Others had more farfetched ideas about the substance's origins
ranging from aliens to volcanic remains.
(2)Scientists at an Alaskan laboratory have been busy analyzing the unknown substance. They
have concluded that it is a formation of microscopic eggs. One of the scientists said that there
are traces of oil in the eggs, and this is what is causing the strange, orange color.
(3)The scientists have discovered that the eggs belong to a small invertebrate - a spineless
animal, but they have not been able to identify the exact species.
41. According to Paragraph 1), the strange, orange substance was found ---------.
.......‫ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬، (1 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. on the beaches of Kotzebue
B. on the beaches of Point Hope
C. close to a compound in Alaska
D. between Kotzebue and Point Hope
42. The word far-fetched in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to --------
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. difficult to believe
B. easy to believe
C. definite
D. clear
43. The word it in Paragraph 2) refers to ------------. .........‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬2 ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. traces of oil
B. a microscope
C. the unknown substance
D. one of Alaska's laboratories
44. According to Paragraph 2), the gel is orange in color because it -----------.
A. is microscopic
B. contains eggs
C. contains oil
D. is sticky
45. Which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻪ؟‬
A. Scientists have identified the species of animals that produced the strange gel.
B. OB Scientists do NOT know the species of animal that produced the strange gel.
C. Scientists dispute that the gel was produced due to a chemical reaction.
D. Scientists did NOT dispute that the gel was produced by an oil droplet.

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Passage 5 (‫) ﺑﺮﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﺰوف‬

(1) It is certain that when the eruption of Vesuvius started on the morning of 24 August, in the
year 79 AD, it caught the population in the Roman city completely unprepared. We now know
in retrospect that all of the signs were there to warn them.
(2)It is mainly thanks to the vivid eyewitness account of Pliny the Younger that we have some
understanding of what happened. And it is through him that we can gain insight into the
reactions and feelings of the people caught up in the drama of this natural disaster.
(3)His account Naves no doubt that everyone was caught off guard. His uncle, known as Pliny
the Elder, was stationed in command of the imperial naval base at Misenum. In addition to
being the senior military officer in the district, he was also a scientist. His 37-volume Natural
History is the longest work on science in Latin that has survived from antiquity.
(4)Despite his scientific knowledge, the sighting of a column of smoke on the far side of the
bay triggered a response more of curiosity than of alarm. Pliny's casual reference to earth
tremors reveals the Roman's great ignorance of the link between seismic activity and volcanic
eruptions.
(5)The volcanologists of today constantly monitor any changes in levels of seismic activity from
the observatory on Vesuvius because they know that the same increase of activity in the deep
reservoir of magma causes both earth tremors and volcanic eruptions. Through measuring
seismic activity, these scientists expect to predict an approaching eruption months before it
happens.
(6)They also know that the activity of Vesuvius is recurrent, meaning it happens again and
again, and that the longer the intervals between eruptions, the greater the next explosion will
be. The frequent but low-level activity of Vesuvius in recent centuries has relieved the build-
up of pressure in the magma chamber. The catastrophic magnitude of the eruption of AD 79
was connected with the extended period of inactivity that preceded it. A long interval
combined with mounting seismic activity is a sure sign of coming disaster. Of course, the
Romans could not have known this.
46. The pronoun we in Paragraph 1) shows that the writer---- ‫( ﻳﺪل‬1) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
.‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
A. believes that his feelings will be shared by many others.
B. is distancing himself from the experience he describes.
C. is describing the experience of someone else.
D. is speaking to one particular person.
47. The phrase in retrospect in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ------------.
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1 ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة "ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎ��" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. looking out
B. looking back
C. looking away
D. looking forward

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48. From Paragraph 2) we understand that Pliny the Younger------.

........‫( ﻧﻔﻬﻢ أن ﺑﻠﻴﻨﻲ ا��ﺻﻐﺮ‬2) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. explained exactly how the eruption happened.
B. survived the eruption and told his uncle.
C. wrote his account as though it was a drama not really happening.
D. gave detail about the eruption and the effect it had on the population.
49. we can understand from Paragraph 6) that the eruption in 79AD was so severe because
A. There was a long time when there was no seismic activity and then it started again.
B. There was a continuous but growing amount of seismic activity in the area.
C. There is evidence that the pressure in the magma chamber was released over centuries.
D. There is such a severe eruption there around every hundred years.

Passage 6 (‫)اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities Surat al-An'am, 38) and that they can
communicate more than 1,400 years afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed
correct. Now, scientists in the United Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing
creatures may also have feelings and emotions similar to those of humans.
(2)At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent years,
honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many explanations
have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease and pesticides.
Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate, this is a very serious
situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of the world's crops depend on
bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do they feel? Are they scared, sad or
depressed?
(3)The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells. After one
smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they were given a
bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet prize and to stick out
their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees would do if they were put
in a stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make them think they were in danger.
These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for new smells, and only chose the old
smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet treat. Even though there was an equal
chance that a strange smell would taste good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad and
were afraid to try it. These bees had become “pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-
were much more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4)When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of the
brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings of anxious
and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This knowledge, along
with further investigations into bee behavior and "feelings" can hopefully be used to
understand and remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and for ours.

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50. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph 1) refer to --------

.......‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺪﻫﺸﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. bees
B. insects
C. scientists
D. communities
51. Why are bees important to humans? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺒ��؟‬
A. They have communities and can communicate
B. They are necessary to produce our food crops.
C. They are becoming more numerous than us.
D. They have feelings like us.
52. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
‫أي ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف ﺗﺼﻒ ﻛﻴﻒ درب اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺤﻞ؟‬
A. Paragraph 1)
B. Paragraph 2)
C. Paragraph 3)
D. Paragraph 4)
53. What can we understand about optimists in Paragraph 3)?
‫(؟‬3 ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﺋﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. They are afraid to try new experiences.
B. They prefer the smells they learn first.
C. They are NOT afraid to try new things.
D. They feel stressed and worried.
54. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4)? ‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Humans and bees have the same hormones.
B. Humans are more affected by stress than bees.
C. Understanding similar feelings in humans and bees may help both.
D. Training stressed bees is important for treating human mood disorders.

Passage 7 (‫)ﺗ��ﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

1. The damage you described in your letter dated Jury has now been inspected.
The faults in the wiring appear to have been caused by dripping water from the floor above.
The electrical contractor, who installed the wiring in February, tells me that the wall was dry at
the time he replaced the old wires. However, we will arrange for repairs to be made and seal
off that section.
2. Dura’s floor is one of the most hardwearing materials of its kind on the market and we were
surprised to hear that it had worn away within six months, so we made a closer inspection. We
noticed that the floor had been cut into and this seems to have been the result of dragging
heavy metal boxes across it. The one-year guarantee we offer on our workmanship is against
‘normal wear and tear' and the treatment the floor appears to have been subjected to does
not fall into this category. I am quite willing to arrange for the surface to be replaced, but we

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will have to charge you for the materials and work involved. If I may, I would like to suggest
that you instruct your staff to use trolleys when shifting heavy containers.
3. I am sorry about the inconvenience you have experienced and will tell the fitters to repair
the damage as soon as I have your confirmation that they can begin work.
55. The passage is ------------------. ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
A. a complaint
B. a reply to a complaint
C. a work order
D. a reply to an enquiry
56. According to Paragraph 1), the problems with wiring were caused by ----------- .
.....‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎ��ﺳ��ك ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬، (1 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. the electrical contractor
B. the new wires
C. the old wires
D. leaking water
57. According to Paragraph 1), the floor problems were caused by ------------
.......‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﻜ��ت ا��رﺿﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬، (1 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. poor workmanship
B. normal wear and tear
C. the use of faulty material
D. the employees working in that area
58. According to Paragraph 2), which of the following is TRUE?
A. Staff needs to be instructed about how to treat the floor.
B. The damaged floor surface will be replaced free of charge.
C. The floor surface needs to be inspected every year in July.
D. Dura’s floor needs to be replaced every six months.
59. According to Paragraph 4), the replacement of the damaged floor surface ----.
‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؟‬، (2 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. is going to begin when the customer notifies the contractor.
B. is going to begin when the workmen are available.
C. has already finished.
D. has already begun.
60. The word inconvenience in Paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to -----------
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬4 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "إزﻋﺎج" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. time pressure
B. coincidence
C. bad luck
D. trouble

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Model 12
Passage 1 (‫) اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮﻳﺔ واﺛﺎرﻫﺎ‬
(1) Modern wars bring death and destruction wherever they occur. Sophisticated weapons have
been developed that can wipe out a whole city. The most destructive war in history is World
War II, fought from 1939 to 1945. World War II involved gigantic struggles not only in Europe
but in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific as well. More than 25 million military personnel and 30 million
civilians were killed in the war. Its conduct strained the economic capabilities of the major
nations and left many countries on the edge of collapse. World War II cost more than any three
previous wars combined.
(2)Disasters continued even after the war ended. Damage to communication networks
disrupted the transport of raw materials and finished products. The irregularity of supplies to
industry and the destruction inflicted on the production apparatus resulted in a considerable
number of temporary layoffs. Even in the victorious countries. food rationing continued well
after the end of the war. Crime and law-breaking increased. The simultaneous reconstruction
of accommodation, industry and the transport infrastructure stifled national economies. Under
these conditions, people were first and foremost preoccupied with the restrictions affecting
everyday life and often had difficulty in thinking about their long-term future. The shortage of
coal in the very hard winter of 1946-1947 led to widespread strikes and mass demonstrations.
21. The word occur in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to _______
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﺤﺪث" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. go
B. fight
C. stand
D. happen
22. Why can some weapons destroy a whole city? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ا��ﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ؟‬
A. Because modern weapons are more advanced.
B. Because nowadays cities are smaller.
C. Because modern weapons are bigger.
D. Because delivery systems are faster.
23. According to Paragraph 1), World War II started in __________.
........‫ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬، (1 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. 1936
B. 1939
C. 1945
D. 1954
24. Compared to other wars, which of the following statements is true concerning World War
II? ‫ أي اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬، ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮوب ا��ﺧﺮى‬
a) Fewer cities were destroyed
b) More destruction happened.
c) Less destruction happened.
d) Fewer people died.

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25. How many deaths in the military were there in World War II?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻴﺶ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
a) less than 25 million
b) more than 25 million
c) about 30 million
d) more than 30 million
26. According to Paragraph 1), the cost of World War II was ________.
.....‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬، (1 ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
a) less for defeated countries
b) less than the next two wars
c) more for victorious countries
d) more than any three wars before it
27. When World War II ended, _________. ..........‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
a) life went back to normal
b) life became simpler
c) disasters remained
d) disasters stopped
28. According to Paragraph 2), which of the following increased after World War II?
‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ زاد ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬، (2 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. communication and transport
B. industry and production
C. crime and law-breaking
D. work and jobs
29. After the war, people did NOT think about their long-term future because _______
.............‫ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬، ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺮب‬
A. they were busy with their immediate problems
B. they were expecting another war
C. many people died in the war
D. they lost interest in the war
30. Strikes occurred during the winter of 1946-1947 because __________.
...............‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬1947-1946 ‫وﻗﻌﺖ ا����اﺑﺎت ﺧ��ل ﺷﺘﺎء‬
A. there was a shortage of demonstrations
B. there were widespread layoffs
C. it was a very hard winter
D. there was a lack of coal

Passage 2 ( ‫)ﺷﺨﺺ )رﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﺰل( ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻣﺜﻞ ﻏﺴﻞ ا��رﺿﻴﺔ‬
Every morning, I get up and make my son's lunch to take to school. Then I do some housework
to keep our home clean and tidy. Next, I wake up my son, Muhammad, and make his breakfast.
I'm always in a hurry in the morning.
31. This person is _______. ....... ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
A. busy
B. bored

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C. angry
D. unhappy
32. An example of housework is to ________ ....‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ا��ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ‬
A. spend time with the family
B. study for school
C. wash the floor
D. go shopping

Passage 3 (‫)ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدات اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎ وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ا��ﻛﻞ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻚ‬
(1) The growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people
of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are damaging health in the
industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables,
the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products like whole milk,
ice cream, etc.) and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dessert full of chocolate, cheese, and
sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such changes in eating habits are related to
a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes.
(2)On the other hand, the changing global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in
the Czech Republic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and
dairy products financially. so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and
vegetables are becoming more widely available from private markets and stands. Cooks are
even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating more nutritious, home-cooked
meals. For these reasons. fewer Czech men are having heart attacks. the women are losing a
lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.
33. A good title for the passage would be ________ ...... ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
A. Japan and the Czech Republic
B. Cultures Around the World
C. Changes in Global Diet
D. Health Problems
34. According to Paragraph 1), Western foods are _____. .....‫ ﻓﺈن ا��ﻃﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬، (1 ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. making health much better in Japan
B. making health much worse in Japan
C. NOT becoming available in Japan
D. having NO effect on the Japanese
35. Because people in the Czech Republic eat more nutritious, home-cooked meals, __
........، ‫ ووﺟﺒﺎت ﻣﻄﺒﻮﺧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل‬، ‫��ن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻚ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮن وﺟﺒﺎت ﻣﻐﺬﻳﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ‬
A. all people are living healthy lives
B. more people are living healthy lives
C. fewer people are living healthy lives
D. more people are having heart attacks

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36. The words “these foods” in Paragraph 2) refer to __________.

.....‫( إﻟﻰ‬2 ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻫﺬه ا��ﻃﻌﻤﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. OA Western foods
B. Japanese foods
C. meat and dairy products
D. fresh fruits and vegetables
37. The word nutritious in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to having ________.
.......‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﻐﺬي" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. high food value
B. medium food value
C. low food value
D. no food values

Passage 4 A&B ‫ﻧﻤﻂ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬

(1) Every person on this planet has a different and unique personality. However, each individual
personality can be placed into one of two groups: Type A or Type B. Let's take a look at what
the differences between these two personality types are.
(2)First let's start by understanding what each type means. The Type B personality is the norm.
It's the average person. They are usually calm and collected most of the time and it takes a lot
to irritate them. Needless to say, they are very seldom overstressed. When they do feel stress,
they tend to handle the pressure by being productive rather than destructive. Ordinarily, type
B people don't mind driving behind a slow car. They don't care too much if the line is long at
the bank or grocery store. Their pace in life is relaxed and they are not in a big hurry to get
things done. It is safe to categorize Type B personalities as being people who are patient with
others as well as themselves in almost all situations - including work. Thus, a Type B personality
may be perceived to be somewhat relaxed and nonchalant regarding dedication to his
occupation.
(3)The person who has a Type A personality, on the other hand, is like that person driving
behind you beeping and cursing because he thinks you should be driving faster. Type A
personalities are not the calmest of people and are rarely fully collected. Type A people get
irritated much more easily than type B people do. They become impatient when standing in a
queue and tend to always feel like they are in a hurry. These are the people you see tapping
their foot when you are in front of them in line. Type A people often live fast paced lives. They
hate to waste time and become angry when things slow them down.
(4)The hard-charging Type A personality, unlike the Type B personality, is undoubtedly
dedicated to his occupation. He is so dedicated, in fact, that more often than not he is a
workaholic. “I'll sleep when I'm dead" is most likely his reply to the one who expresses concern
about the long hours he spends at work. He is the kind of person who feels that time spent
sleeping is time lost.
(5)Perhaps he should give heed to a recent British study. The 17-year study of 10.000 workers
showed that those who reduced their sleep from seven hours per night to five or less doubled

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their risk of cardiovascular-related death. The researchers who conducted the study concluded
that a lack of sleep is linked to high blood pressure which in turn is a known risk factor for both
heart disease and stroke.
(6)Probably most of us fall somewhere in the middle and are a mixture of both the Type A
personality and the Type B personality. It may even be that at different points in our lives we
exhibit stronger characteristics of one or the other personality type. We should all take heed,
therefore, of the result of this study and aim for a balanced and healthy expenditure of energy
divided between our work and our play. As we achieve such a balance, we will naturally be
inclined to pay attention to the needs of our bodies for wasting time in both sleep and
relaxation. Attaining such a balance can make us aware, perhaps for the first time, of the joy of
being fully human.
38. The word individual in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ________.
........... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻓﺮدي" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. direct
B. simple
C. separate
D. eccentric
39. According to Paragraph 3), Type A personalities are different from Type B personalities in
that they always seem to be ____________.
...........‫داﺋﻤﺎ‬
ً ‫ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺎت اﻟﻨﻮع أ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ب ﻓﻲ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺒﺪو‬، (3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. hard to irritate
B. patient with others
C. in a fully collected state
D. in a rush to do something
40. According to Paragraph 5), what did a study conducted by British researchers discover
about reduced sleep? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي اﻛﺘﺸﻔﺘﻪ دراﺳﺔ أﺟﺮاﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻮن ﺣﻮل ﻗﻠﺔ‬، (5 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮم؟‬
A. It affects blood pressure.
B. It increases the heartbeat.
C. It affects mental health.
D. It causes sudden death.
41. According to P 6), where do most people fall between Type A and B personalities?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا��ﺷﺨﺎص ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع )أ( و )ب(؟‬، (6 ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. They are in the middle.
B. They are Type A personalities.
C. They are Type B personalities.
D. They are Type C personalities.
42. According to the conclusion, what should our goal be? ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺪﻓﻨﺎ؟‬
A. the exhibition of strong characteristics
B. a balance between work and play
C. declining the needs of our bodies
D. paying attention to time

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Passage 5 (‫)ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ��وري ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﻮص‬

One of the most interesting water activities available is scuba diving. Diving requires some
preparation: equipment must be purchased or rented, essential lessons must be taken and
certification must be obtained before diving.
43. The word essential in the passage is closest in meaning to _________.
......... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﺳﺎ��" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. necessary
B. practical
C. difficult
D. useful

Passage 6 (‫)ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬

(1) A device driver is software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with a
computer. This type of software is used by printers, monitors, graphics cards, sound cards, and
modems. Once installed, a device driver usually runs in the background without opening a
window on the screen. Suppose you connect a new printer to your computer. You might also
have to install a printer driver or select a preinstalled driver. After the device driver is installed,
it runs in the background to send data to the printer whenever you begin a print job.
(2)On a Mac, you can click the Apple icon, select About this Mac, and then select More Info to
look at a list of devices connected to your computer. By selecting a device, you can view
information about it, including the driver version number. It's always important to remain up-
to-date, so check the manufacturer's website to make sure that your version is current. On a
PC, if you need to update a device driver or change its settings. you can usually access the
driver by using the Start menu's Control Panel option and opening the System icon. Then use
the Device Manager option to view a list of your computer system hardware and
corresponding device drivers.
44. The main purpose of a device driver is to _______. ‫اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻫﻮ‬
A. begin a print job
B. run in the background
C. connect to the internet
D. connect hardware to the computer
45. The word current in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ________.
........... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. paid
B. legal
C. recent
D. registered
46. The main idea of the passage is to explain how _________.
........‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ��ح ﻛﻴﻒ‬
A. a printer is installed
B. a device driver works
C. to use a personal computer
D. important it is to update your device driver

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47. A device driver is best described as a _______. ...... ‫أﻓﻀﻞ وﺻﻒ ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻫﻮ ﻣﻠﻒ‬
A. type of printer
B. type of modem
C. piece of software
D. peripheral device

Passage 8 (‫)اﻟﺮﺣ��ت اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﺒﺎت وا��ﻧﺘﻘﺎ��ت واﻟﺴﻜﻦ‬

Busy people don't want their vacations to be a hassle. That's why all-inclusive resorts are
becoming popular. At these resorts, one price includes all meals, drinks, lodging, and
sightseeing. Golf, tennis, and swimming are available for free. Other sports, such as scuba
diving, deep-sea fishing, and rock climbing, may require separate fees for equipment rental,
but instruction and excursions are included. Many resorts also include children's activities as
part of the package.
48. What does all-inclusive resort mean? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻊ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ؟‬
A. It is a large resort.
B. It is a family-oriented resort.
C. It costs more than other resorts.
D. It covers food, lodging, and activities.
49. Which of the following might cost extra? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻠﻒ أﻛﺜﺮ؟‬
A. all meals
B. golf and tennis
C. equipment rental
D. excursions and instruction

Passage 9 (‫)ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ واﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬

Meetings can waste a great deal of time, but you can make your meeting run more smoothly
by following a few simple rules. First, have an agenda. This will help keep you focused on what
is important. Next, decide who needs to be involved. More people mean less efficient
discussion. Finally, keep the discussion moving. Thank each speaker as he or she finishes and
move on to the next speaker. This encourages people to make their remarks brief. And don't
forget: what happens after a meeting is more important than what happens during a meeting.
The skills used then are more professional and less procedural. So, no matter how well you run
a meeting, it is the work that gets done after the meeting that is important.
50. The main idea of the passage is that meetings _______.
.......‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ أن ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت‬
A. waste a lot of time
B. are NOT necessary
C. need to be held frequently
D. need to be planned and organized
51. The word remarks in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
.......... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣ��ﺣﻈﺎت" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. information
B. comments
C. schedules

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D. time
52. The writer says that ___________. ......... ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻳﻘﻮل‬
A. you should only invite people who are necessary
B. more people make a more productive meeting
C. it is NOT necessary to prepare for a meeting
D. it is NOT necessary to thank speakers

Passage 10 (��‫) اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎ�� واﻟﺤﺎ‬

(1) The history of radio in Saudi Arabia goes back to 1949 when the airwaves were filled with
the recitation of the Holy Qur'an that won the hearts of millions across the Kingdom. In the
early decades, expensive, large wooden box radios were confined to the elite. Later, more
advanced transistor radios reached the rest of the people. Today, in Saudi Arabia radio has
been completely transformed by the various private players that have entered the sector since
the government opened up licenses to them, creating more variety to add to the public
stations. With the introduction of social media, many broadcasters thought that the time for
radio was over. However the reality is quite different. Many listeners tune in to online radio
stations nowadays, and a large number of listeners tune in while driving.
(2)Though there is a wide range of choice available to Arabic listeners, English listeners have
little choice in the Kingdom. Only a few stations offer broadcast services in English such as
Radio Riyadh. Meanwhile. Jeddah Radio's Urdu service broadcasts in the afternoon and has a
large following. These programs are particularly popular during Hajj season, as they contain a
variety of topics supported by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs.
53. Which of the following is TRUE? ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻪ؟‬
A. All Saudi stations are privately owned.
B. A lot of people listen to the radio in their cars.
C. Urdu is the most common language on the radio.
D. Radio Riyadh is the only English language station available.
54. The word them in Paragraph 1) refers to _______. ........‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻫﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. radios
B. government
C. private players
D. the rest of the people
55. You can understand from Paragraph 1) that _______. ..... ‫( أن‬1 ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. radios are rarely used in Saudi Arabia
B. radio broadcasters control media licensing
C. the early use for radio was mainly to play music
D. developments in technology made radios cheaper
56. At what time of day are you most likely to hear the Urdu language service?
‫ﻓﻲ أي وﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﻮم ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ا��ردﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ا��رﺟﺢ؟‬
A. 5 am
B. 9 am
C. 3 pm
D. 8 pm

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Passage 11 (‫) رﺣﻠﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ��ﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻬﺎ‬

Classical, Byzantine, and Ottoman Turkey

(1) Istanbul is one of the great cities of the world. It began as a city inside the Greek colony of
Byzantium, then known as Constantinople, capital of the fabulously wealthy Byzantine Empire. For
a further 400 years. Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire. In the time of Suleyman the
Magnificent, it outshone all its predecessors.
(2)New excavations at Troy have revealed so much more of the city and its vast defenses. We
shall visit the site. along with the other major classical cities of the Aegean, so many of which, like
Miletus, trace their own foundation to heroes returning from the Trojan Wars.
(3)We shall use our own classic boats with Byzantine design, but fitted with the most modern
conveniences private bathrooms; chefs to prepare excellent Turkish cuisine; stewards to wait on
your every need. It's a perfect way to relax, learn and absorb the ambience of this epic past.
ITINERARY
(4)24 MAY: Morning check-in at Heathrow for flight to Istanbul. Transfer for a three-night stay to
the Sultanahmet Palace Hotel in the heart of the old city.
(5)25 MAY: Walking visit to the "Old City of Constantinople - the Byzantine Hippodrome and the
Aya Sofia, built during the reign of Emperor Justinian, who governed during the 6th Century AD.
Also visit the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace where the treasures of the Ottoman Empire are
on display, and the Archaeological Museum with important Greek artifacts and an overview of
Byzantine Constantinople.

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57. The intended audience for this passage is most likely ___________.
..............��‫اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪف ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻢ أﻛﺜﺮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
A. geographers
B. historians
C. students
D. tourists
58. In the past, Istanbul used to be called __________. ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل اﺳﻢ‬، ��‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎ‬
......
A. Greece
B. Ottoman
C. Byzantium
D. Constantinople
59. The word reign in Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to ________.
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬5 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋﻬﺪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. rule
B. visit
C. year
D. history
60. The participants are most likely to take part in _____ . ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ﻳﺸﺎرك اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﻮن‬
..............‫ﻓﻲ‬
A. culture and art tours
B. beach and water sports
C. wildlife and nature spotting
D. hiking and mountain climbing

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Model 13
Passage 1 (‫)ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﻄﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬

Adam is not as tall as Eric

21) The passage says that ……………..
a) Eric is taller
b) Eric is shorter
c) Adam is taller
d) Eric and Adam are short

Passage 2 ( ‫) اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬

1) Husayn ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina is well known in the Arab world simply as «Ibn Sina».
He is also well known in the West by the name «Avicenna» which simplifies the
pronunciation. In 980 A.D. Avicenna was born in Bukhara which is now part of
Russia and known as Uzben. By the age of 10, he was already proficient in the
Qur'an and Arabic classics. By the age of 16, he finished Islamic law studies,
geometry, anatomy, logic and philosophy. By the age of 18. he completed the study
of medicine. Soon after that, he became the Prime Minister and the physician of the
Ruler of Bukhara. The Ruler was impressed by the intelligence and endurance of his
Prime Minister and opened for him Library which was unique in its literary richness.
2) Avicenna's life was extraordinarily exhausting. All day long he was busy with his
patients and government work. At night, he was busy lecturing and writing books.
After many years of hard work and many achievements, Avicenna died in 1037 A.D.
at the age of 57.
3) Avicenna wrote 100 treatises: 21 of them were major of which 16 were in medicine.
He wrote a book in medicine named Al Qanon fi Al Tibb. It was translated into many
languages. Al Qanon fi Al Tibb is an encyclopedia containing more than one million
words. It consists of five volumes.

22) The word proficient in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to .......

a) skilled
b) trained
c) dedicated
d) disciplined
23) According to par 1) why does the Western world use a different name for Ibn-Sina?
a) They did NOT like Arabic names.
b) They did NOT want the world to know his nationality.
c) Names change when used by speakers of a different language.
d) He did NOT speak their language.

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24) According to P 1), Soon after Ibn Sina finished his study of medicine, he became
the .....
a) manager of the Royal Library.
b) assistant of the Prime Minister.
c) teacher of the Ruler of Bukhara.
d) doctor for the Ruler of Bukhara.
25) According to Paragraph 2), which statement describes Avicenna's life?
a) He worked mainly during the day.
b) He scarcely worked at night.
c) He used to travel a lot.
d) He worked very hard.
26) According to Paragraph 3), Al Qanon fi Al Tibb, consists of ……
a) 5 volumes
b) 16 encyclopedias
c) 21 chapters
d) 100 treatises
27) According to P 3), which of the following is TRUE about Al Qanon fi al Tibb?
a) It has never been translated.
b) It has been translated into many languages.
c) It has been translated into a few languages.
d) It has not been translated into the Russian language.

Passage 3 ( Mada'in Saleh ) ‫ﻣﺪاﺋﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬

The buildings and monuments that we can see today at Mada'in Saleh are remnants of
the great and very rich Nabatean kingdom. Other famous buildings of this civilization
are found in northern Syria and in Petra in Jordan, which was the Nabatean capital.
28) What does the passage say about Petra?
a) It is in northern Syria.
b) It is the capital of Jordan.
c) It was the Nabatean capital.
d) It was a successful commercial city

Passage 4 (paper) ‫اﻟﻮرق‬

1) The paper we use today is made by machine. Trees are cut up and processed into a
mixture called wood pulp. The pulp, containing tiny cellulose fibers, is pressed and
rolled out to form sheets of paper.
2) The first manmade writing material was not paper. About 4,000 years ago, the
ancient Egyptians took the fibrous stems of the papyrus plant, flattened them, laid
them crosswise and pressed them down to stick them together. When dried, this
made a piece of papyrus that could be written on.

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3) Paper was first made in China around the year 105 CE by a man called Ts'ailun. He
found a way to make paper from the stringy inner bark of the mulberry tree. The
bark was pounded in water to separate the fibers. This mixture was then poured
into a bamboo tray to let the water drain out. After that, the soft mat of paper was
moved onto a smooth, flat surface to dry. Later, someone discovered that the paper
could be improved by brushing it with starch to make it stronger.
4) Chinese traders travelled around Asia as far as Samarkand. There, they met with
Arab merchants who learned the secret of making paper and took it to Spain.
Afterwards, the art of papermaking spread throughout the rest of Europe.
5) Since then, many kinds of machines have been invented and improved methods
discovered for making paper. One of the most important, for example, was a
machine developed in France in 1798. This machine could make a continuous sheet
or web of paper. Before, paper could only be produced in separate sheets.

29) According to Paragraph 2), what did the early Egyptians use to make their writing
material?
a) mulberry bark
b) wood pulp
c) bamboo
d) papyrus
30) The word them in Paragraph 2) refers to ……
a) Ancient Egyptians
b) writing materials
c) papyrus stems
d) paper
31) The first real paper was made in …….
a) China
b) Egypt
c) France
d) Samarkand
32) Who introduced the paper-making process to Europe?
a) Ts'ailun
b) Chinese traders
c) the Arabs
d) the Spanish
33) Which component is necessary for making both paper and papyrus?
a) tree bark
b) tree wood
c) plant starch
d) fibrous material

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passage 5 ( index ) ‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬

Unit 1
Origin of Hispanic Culture: Europe ………………………. 1
Unit 2
Origin of Hispanic Culture: America ……………………… 20
Unit 3
Religion in the Hispanic World ………………….…………...35
Unit 4
Revolutionary Movements of the century ………………60
34) which unit would most likely discuss prayer in Hispanic Culture?
a) Unit 1
b) Unit 2
c) Unit 3
d) Unit 4
35) which unit would most likely discuss violent changes in society in Hispanic
countries?
a) Unit 1
b) Unit 2
c) Unit 3
d) Unit 4
Passage 6 (‫)ﻣﻨﺎخ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺪن اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
Strong winds will raise dust and sand, reducing visibility over the northern and central
Kingdom between Makkah and Madinah, with the possibility of increasing temperatures
over these regions. Suspended haze will spread over Qassim, Hail and northern parts of
the Riyadh region, limiting visibility and making driving hazardous. Parts of the central
and eastern Kingdom will be partly cloudy, with chances of rain. Storm clouds may form
over the southwestern and Western highlands, including Abha, Baha and Taif.

36) Which parts of the kingdom may receive rain?

a) the central and eastern parts.
b) the central and northern parts.
c) the northern and eastern parts.
d) the northern and western parts.
37) The forecast for Makkah and Medina is…………………
a) clear and sunny
b) stormy and cool
c) rainy and cool
d) dusty and hot
38) Which city may expect to see storm clouds?
a) Makkah
b) Riyadh
c) Hail
d) Baha

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39) Where will it probably be difficult to see clearly while driving?

a) Taif
b) Qassim
c) the western highlands
d) the eastern part of the Kingdom

Passage 7 ( ‫) ا��م اﻟﻜﻮرﻳﺔ‬

(1) Language is a way to communicate. We begin to learn language as infants and
become accustomed to our native language. language therefore becomes a
problem for immigrants, especially between the first and second generations. This
language barrier also results in the second generation losing their identity.
(2) First generation immigrants in America suffer in lots of areas because of language
difficulties. Naturally, they want their children to speak English both at home and
at school in order to be more successful. This results in their children losing their
ethnic identity and even more. Ignoring their parents because there is now a
language between them.
(3) For example, my three children and they were all born in the States. The eighteen-
years- old daughter speaks both English and Korean very well. She has no
problems talking with her parents, but she does have trouble understanding
Korean jokes, and there are sometimes misunderstandings. The second daughter
is fourteen years old and she resists speaking Korean. My aunt often gets upset
with her because she is much Americanized and they cannot understand each
other Even when my ant punishes her, this daughter does not understand what
my aunt is talking about. I felt sympathy for my aunt whenever my fourteen-year-
old cousin said, "Mom, what is your problem?
(4) The third child is a twelve-year-old son. He speaks English to his parents and my
aunt speaks Korean to him he does to the second canter. He also has a problem
communicating with his parents. My aunt is trying to encourage him to learn both
languages, but it is very hard for him because he speaks English all day and fail to
understand why he should learn Korean.
(5) Immigrants try to preserve their native language in their new country while string
to learn a new language. My aunt was her children to succeed in the US, but she
also wants to help them understand the Korean language in order to understand
the Korean heritage. The second generation often gets confused about their
Identity. My aunt's children, for example, see themselves as being different from
others in both places in the US they look Korean and in Korea they act like
Americans. My cousins told me that when they visited Korea a few years ago, they
felt different because they wore different clothes and walked differently.
(6) Language is important and valuable for any reasons. Immigrants must imagine a
strong mutual understanding with the family and enable their children to
appreciate the heritage. Being at ease in using both the first and second
languages is important not only for attaining familial harmony, but also in helping
the second generation establish the identity.

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40) What is the main idea of the passage?

a) the importance of second language
b) immigrants and their education
c) language and identity
d) immigrants in the US
41) The word suffer in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to having ……………….
a) accidents
b) problems
c) injuries
d) Skills
42) According to Paragraph (3), which of the following is NOT TRUE about the 18- year
old daughter?
a) She was born in the U.S.
b) She speaks only English very well
c) She sometimes misunderstands things in Korean
d) She communicates better with her parents than her brother and sister do.
43) The pronoun they in Paragraph (3) refers to the mother and her …………..
a) second daughter
b) eldest daughter
c) children
d) so
44) the word Americanized in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ……………
a) living in America
b) usually travelling to America
c) having American nationality
d) speaking and behaving like Americans
45) According to paragraph 3 and 4, the second daughter is ……………
a) Older than her brother
b) Sympathetic to her cousin
c) Not as Americanized as her sister
d) Able to understand her mother easily
46) According to paragraph 3 and 4, the mother speaks Korean to ………..
a) Her oldest daughter only
b) Her two daughters only
c) Her son only
d) All of her children
47) According to paragraph 4, the youngest child…………..
a) Doesn’t speak English at home
b) Has learned English and Korean very well
c) Doesn’t understand why he should learn Korean
d) Has a problem communicating with his teachers

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48) What does the passage say about miscommunication between immigrants and
their children?
a) It can be only solved if immigrants want
b) It will NOT happen if teachers try harder
c) It is caused by the first generation
d) It can often be a big problem
Passage 8
My uncle Ahmad is a physician. He helps people when they are sick. When his patients
go to the office, he may ask them to breathe while he listens to their chest. Then he
listens to the sound of the air in their lungs. He may have to ask them many questions
and examine them to see what is making them sick. He helps people have better
health.

49) This passage is about…………..

a) Nurse
b) Patient
c) Medical doctor
d) University teacher
50) The word examine in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………… closely.
a) talking
b) looking
c) listening
d) questioning
passage 9 ( ‫) ا��ﻗﻤﺸﺔ واﻟﺨﻴﺎﻃﺔ‬
1) Imagine if you had to create your own fabric to make all of your clothes, bed linens,
and other furnishings. It would probably be very time-consuming and inconvenient.
Modern, mechanized textile making is something that most of us take for granted,
as we have always been able to just go to a store to purchase ready-made clothing
and other necessities. Interestingly, despite technological advances, the main
methods of making fabric have actually remained quite similar from ancient times
until now.
2) Most fabrics are created by weaving long threads together, a technique which has
changed very little throughout history. Hand weaving is done on a frame or
handloom, whereas mechanized weaving is done on a power loom. The main
distinction between hand weaving and mechanized weaving is that the latter
method allows huge quantities of good quality fabric to be produced very quickly.
further allowing the speedy production of consumer items. While the exact shape or
mechanism of any loom might differ, the basic function is always the same. On all
looms, weaving is done by intersecting longitudinal threads, called the wrap, with
transverse threads called the weft.
3) Other methods of creating fabric include knitting? crocheting Knitting involves the
use of knitting needles that have several active loops of one or more strands of yarn

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waiting to interlock with another loop. Crochet on the other hand, only involves one
active loop on a crochet hook at one time. Like weaving, knitting has been
mechanized by a knitting machine, allowing for the mass production of items
requiring stretchy knit fabric, such as socks and sweaters. Crochet, however, has
never been mechanized, so any fabric that has been made by crochet is always
done by hand.
4) Despite technological advancements, there has always been a demand and
appreciation for items that have been made by hand. Some people enjoy knitting or
crocheting as a relaxing hobby or as a way to earn some extra money. Other people
prefer the look and feel of a handcrafted item to that of a machine-made one, and
are often willing to pay a higher price for something handmade. Often, handcrafted
products like hand-woven rugs and hand-knitted sweaters are of better quality and
much more expensive than machine-made ones. As it may be impractical for many
of us to have every textile-based product we purchase be handmade, or to make
them ourselves, knowing how much time and effort that can go into creating
textiles may at least help us better appreciate all the fabrics we use every day.
51) the best title of the passage is …………
a) A history of Machine-Made fabrics
b) Appreciating fabrics in everyday life.
c) How to evaluate the quality of fabrics
d) Why people still buy handcrafted fabrics
52) What does paragraph (2) say about the main difference between handlooms and
power looms?
a) Handlooms produce better quality fabric
b) Power looms produce fabrics more quickly
c) They each use a different weaving method
d) Only power looms produce consumer items
53) The word function in paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to………
a) Process
b) Part
c) Routine
d) Relation
54) In paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a difference between
knitting and crocheting?
a) Products that are crocheted are always done by hand
b) Crocheting has one active loop while knitting has several
c) Only knitting can be used to make socks and sweaters
d) Knitting has been mechanized while crocheting has NOT
55) What does paragraph (4) say about handmade fabrics?
a) It is better for everyone to buy handmade fabrics
b) People have always appreciated handmade fabrics
c) Handmade fabrics cost more because of higher demand
d) Handmade fabrics are poorer quality than machine-made fabrics

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56) According to paragraph (4), how can people better appreciate fabrics?
a) By knowing how much it costs to manufacture them
b) By knowing whether they are made by hand or by machine
c) By knowing how they are produced in large quantities
d) By knowing how much effort is put into making it

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Model 14
Passage 1
Some historians consider one man, an Italian Pizzeria chef named Rafaelle Esposito, to be the
creator of modern pizza. In June 1889 the pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito, Pizzeria Brandi's chef,
invented a dish called "Pizza Margherita" in honor of the Queen of Italy, Margherita of Savoy,
and the Italian unification, since toppings are tomato red), mozzarella white) and basil green),
(representing the same colors of the national flag of Italy), that the queen highly enjoyed.
This is how the original and now world-renowned pizza Margherita was born and paved the
way for pizza to change from being a Peasant's food to a popular dish for everyone
throughout Italy and the rest of the world.
1) Why do people think the first one who made it was Italian?
‫إﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ؟‬
ً ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس أن أول ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن‬
a) Because it contains the colors of the Italian flag.
2) What is not true about Pizza Margherita? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺘﺰا ﻣﺎرﻏﺮﻳﺘﺎ؟‬
a) Pizza is not an international meal.
3) Why was a kind of Pizza named Margherita? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎرﺟﺮﻳﺘﺎ؟‬
a) after the name of queen Margherita
4) Why is the pizza maker famous? Or Why is his name associated with Pizza?
‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﻬﺮة ﺻﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا؟ أو ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺳﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا؟‬
a) Because the queen ate the Pizza he made.
5) Why is Raffaele the founder of Pizza?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ راﻓﺎﻳﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺲ ﺑﻴﺘﺰا؟‬
a) Because his dish is famous around the world.

Passage 2
A passage about animal slaughter and use in Chinese food
6 - Killing animals in this unfair way causes…….‫ﻳﺆدي ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻲ‬
a. Disruption in the food chain.
Passage 3
A person who has friends and has a friend who speaks several languages, so he told his
friends I will give you 10 tips that my friend gave me.
6. The idea is from a person who…….. ......‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
a. Speaks many languages.
7. Them) refers to……… ......‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ )ﻫﻢ( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
a. Ideas
The passage is talking about the ideas and advice of the writer's friend and how he acquired
the language.)
8. What is he talking about?‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺘﺤﺪث؟‬
a. About his friend that he speaks more than nine languages.
9. Pronunciation means………. ‫"اﻟﻨﻄﻖ" ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬
a. Say

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10.Why was he interested in educating children? ‫ﻣﻬﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ا��ﻃﻔﺎل؟‬

ً ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎن‬
a. Because they learn not to care about people.
11. Why is it Important to learn as children? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﺄﻃﻔﺎل؟‬
a. Because they do not worry about making mistakes.

Passage 4 – workshop
12.Why did this person decide to attend the workshop once again?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻗﺮر ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺣﻀﻮر ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى؟‬
a. Because he needs to focus more on controlling time
13.Who are allowed to attend? ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻀﻮر؟‬
a. Any kind of people who would like to attend
14.What did he do to his wife? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻞ ﻟﺰوﺟﺘﻪ؟‬
a. He brought her a beautiful necklace and earrings

Passage 5
'Look at the picture and answer the question'
15. Where can you see this sentence? ‫أﻳﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن ﺗﺮى ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ؟‬
a. Classroom

Passage 6 – Russian doll

16. Who is the doll maker? ‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺻﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺪﻣﻴﺔ؟‬
a. Russia
17. Doll making was inspired by ….. .......‫ﺻﻨﻊ اﻟﺪﻣﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺣﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
a. Japan
18. What are dolls made of? ‫ﻣﻢ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺪﻣﻰ؟‬
a. wood

Passage 7
The passage started with the advice to drink fresh milk when we go to the farm, and talked
about the harms of unboiled fresh milk and why milk is boiled.
19. Pronoun that) refers to…… ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ )اﻟﺬي( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
a. Drinking milk from a cow
20. Why is pasteurized milk healthier? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺒﺴﺘﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﺤﺔ؟‬
a. Because it is boiled and harmful bacteria that can leak into the blood have been killed.
21. Why pasteurize milk? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﺒﺴﺘﺮ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ؟‬
a. It's safe to drink
22. Why is homogenized milk dangerous to health?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ؟‬
a. Because fat molecules enter the blood.
23. If a guest visits you, what will you offer? ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﺳﺘﻘﺪم؟‬، ‫إذا ﻗﺎم ﺿﻴﻒ ﺑﺰﻳﺎرﺗﻚ‬
a. People have different tastes.

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Passage 8
Vaccine discoverer and he tested the vaccine on his family members and mentioned them.
24. How many people have tried the vaccine? ‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ا��ﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﺑﻮا اﻟﻠﻘﺎح؟‬
‫)اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
Passage 9
Airplanes are not as dangerous as motorcycle.
25. What do you understand from this phrase? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة؟‬
a. Airplanes are less dangerous than motorcycles.

Passage 10 – globalization
26. The word (great power) refers to……‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬
a. Rulers
27. What reduced the poverty equations? Or What can help poverty?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻗﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎد��ت اﻟﻔﻘﺮ؟ أو ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ؟‬
a. Globalization.
28. The word (herbs) means …… .......(‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )أﻋﺸﺎب‬
a. Plants
29. Herbs are plants…..
a. pressure with water

Passage 11
When the well is dry, you will learn the value of water)
30. You understand from this proverb that……. ........‫أﻧﺖ ﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﻞ أن‬
a. You know the meaning of the value of something if you lose it.
‫ﻓﻬﺮس ﻛﺘﺎب‬
‫)ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ﻣﻊ ارﻗﺎم اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت‬
‫))ا��ﺟﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ا��رﻗﺎم اﻣﺎﻣﻚ ﺑﺎ��ﺧﺘﺒﺎر ا��رﻗﺎم ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﺠﺮد اﻣﺜﻠﺔ وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ارﻗﺎم ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
Economy ‫)ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬ 3 - 15
Sport 16 - 28
Entertainment ‫ )اﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬29-46
stories 47 - 60
31 – In which page can we know about the new movie?
‫ﻓﻲ أي ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ؟‬
3 - 15 – 45 – 60
32 – where can we find information about stock price? ‫أﻳﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺠﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻬﻢ؟‬
‫)اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻳﺨﺺ ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬
��‫ ﻣﺜ‬15 ‫ ل‬3 ‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎد اي رﻗﻢ ﻣﻦ‬

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33 – He is poor because he lacks …… ........‫إﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ��ﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻪ‬

Money
34 – the word myriad is closest in meaning to … .‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ �� ﺗﻌﺪ و�� ﺗﺤ�� ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
Multiple
35 – the word tamed is closest in meaning to …… ..... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺮوﻳﺾ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
Controlled
36 – the word mankind is closest in meaning to …… ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ اﻟﺒ��ي ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
Human beings
37 – discoveries were ……….. ......... ‫ا��ﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
Long time ago

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Model 15
Passage 1 Open- Source Software (‫)اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر واﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬
(1) When the personal computer was first released, it did not serve any practical need. Early
computers were difficult to program and required great attention to detail. However, many personal-
computer enthusiasts immediately banded together to build applications and solve problems. These
computer enthusiasts were happy to share any programs they built and solutions to problems they
found; this collaboration enabled them to more quickly innovate and fix problems.
(2) As software began to become a business, however, this idea of sharing everything fell out of
favor, at least with some. When a software program takes hundreds of man-hours to develop, it is
understandable that the programmers do not want to just give it away. This led to a new business
model of restrictive software licensing, which required payment for software, a model that is still
dominant today. This model is sometimes referred to as closed source, as the source code is not made
available to others.
(3) There are many, however, who feel that software should not be restricted. Just as with those
early hobbyists in the 1970s, they feel that innovation and progress can be made much more rapidly if
we share what we learn. In the 1990s, with Internet access connecting more and more people together,
the open source movement gained steam. Open-source software is software that makes the source
code available for anyone to copy and use. For most of us, having access to the source code of a
program does us little good, as we are not programmers and won't be able to do much with it. The
good news is that open-source software is also available in a compiled format that we can simply
download and install.
(4) The open-source software is superior to closed-source software. Because the source code is
freely available, many programmers have contributed to open-source software projects, adding
features and fixing bags. Many businesses are worried about open-source software precisely because
the code is available for anyone to sec. They feel that this increases the risk of an attack. Others counter
that this openness actually decreases the risk because the code is exposed to thousands of
programmers who can incorporate code changes to quickly patch vulnerabilities. Firefox and Apache
are two examples of open-source software.
(5) There are many arguments on both sides of the aisle for the benefits of the two models.
Some benefits of the open-source model are:
භ The software is available for free. • The software source-code is available; it can be examined
and reviewed before it is installed.
භ The large community of programmers who work on open-source projects leads to quick bug
fixing and feature additions.
Some benefits of the closed-source model are:
භ By providing financial incentive for software development, some of the brightest minds have
chosen software development as a career.
භ Technical support from the company that developed the software. 36 Information Systems for
Business and Beyond.

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21. What helped open-source software gain steam?

‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻛﺘﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﻮة؟‬
A. Internet access
B. cheap equipment
C. software licensing
D. Linux operating system
22. What is one benefit of open-source software? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر؟‬
A. It is quite cheap to buy.
B. It leads to quick bug-fixing.
C. It comes with technical support.
D. It is superior to closed-source software.
23. What is one benefit of closed-source software? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر؟‬
A. Technical support from the company.
B. The software is available for free.
C. Quick and better updates.
D. Access to the source code.
24. What are two examples of open-source software? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻣﺜﺎ��ن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر؟‬
A. Fire fox and Microsoft
B. Superior and Apache
C. Firefox and Superior
D. Firefox and Apache

Passage 2 (‫)اﻟﻤﻮز اﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ﺑﻔﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ أ وإﻧﻘﺎذ أﻃﻔﺎل اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬

GMO Bananas
(1) Each year, thousands of children in East Africa go blind or die because they don't get enough
vitamin A Now, with the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Ugandan, American and
Australian researchers are trying to develop a potential fix: a genetically modified banana that packs a
significantly larger vitamin A punch.
(2) The bananas have already been successfully tested on gerbils. Researchers created the new
bananas by slightly tweaking its genome so that the fruit contains more alpha and beta caroteno-plant-
synthesized substances that animals convert into vitamin A The new bananas have a slight orange
shade but taste the same as non-genetically modified bananas. Human trials just began in Iowa, and if
they're successful, farmers in Uganda will be growing the GMO bananas by 2020. About 70 percent of
people there rely on bananas as a major staple of their diets, so delivering the extra vitamin boost
through the fruit should be an effective means of helping to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. If the GM
banana scheme helps reduce death and blindness rates in Uganda, it could be transferred to other
countries or applied to other fruits, like plantains.
(3) Bananas are not the only food whose yield or nutritional profile could be improved with genetic
engineering. With climate change threatening to disrupt existing crops and growing global populations
demanding more of those supplies, genetic engineering could be a solution for making the most of
limited space and resources. Quite a number of foods that fit this profile have already been created
including virus resistant squash, and disease-resistant potatoes.

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25. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
A. to support Bill Gates
B. to advertise
C. to inform
D. to war
26. What is one important idea that the writer mentions? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
A. That animals like to eat the orange bananas.
B. That a lack of vitamin A makes people go blind.
C. That children in Africa need better food.
D. That Uganda is a rich country in East Africa.
27. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
A. That Ugandans have grown bananas for centuries.
B. That the way we produce food is changing
C. That climate change is a serious global problem.
D. That genetically modified bananas may save lives.

Passage 3) (‫)ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ واﻟﻤ��ﺣﻈﺔ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬

(1) Scientists search for answers to questions and solutions to problems by using a procedure called
the scientific method. This procedure consists of making observations, formulating hypotheses, and
designing experiments, which in turn lead to additional observations, hypotheses, and experiments in
repeated cycles.
(2) Observations can be qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative observations describe properties or
occurrences in ways that do not rely on numbers. Often, this data can be collected through observation.
Examples of qualitative observations include the following: the outside air temperature is cooler during
the winter season and table salt is a crystalline solid.
(3) Quantitative observations are measurements, which by definition consist of both a number and
a unit. Examples of quantitative observations include the following the melting point of crystalline sulfur
is 115.21 degrees Celsius, and 35.9 grams of table salt whose chemical name is sodium chloride dissolve
in 100 grams of water at 20 degrees Celsius.
(4) After deciding to learn more about an observation or a set of observations, scientists generally
begin an investigation by forming a hypothesis, a tentative explanation for the observations). The
hypothesis may not be correct, but it puts the scientist's understanding of the system being studied
into a form that can be tested.
28. What does Paragraph 1 say about the scientific method? ‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ؟‬
A. It helps scientists to make questions.
B. It is made up of six different procedures.
C. It is something that you do only one time.
D. It involves different steps that you do many times.

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29. What does Paragraph 2) say about qualitative observations?

‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤ��ﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. They help explain why we use table salt.
B. They mainly deal with the air temperature outside.
C. They explain what happens by carefully watching! things.
D. They use numbers to discover the reason something happens.
30. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph 2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Observations can be qualitative or quantitative.
B. Qualitative observations describe properties or occurrences in ways that do not rely
on numbers.
C. Often, this data can be collected through observation.
D. The outside air temperature is cooler during the winter season and table salt is a
crystalline solid.
31. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph 3)?
‫(؟‬3 ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. Quantitative observations are measurements, which by definition consist of both a
number and a unit.
B. Examples of quantitative observations include the following.
C. The melting point of crystalline sulfur is 115.21 degrees Celsius.
D. 35.9 grams of table salt-whose chemical name is sodium chloride dissolve in 100 grams
of water at 20 degrees Celsius.
32. What does Paragraph 4) say about hypothesis? ‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. It is the same as an observation.
B. It is where scientists start their search.
C. It always comes at the end of an experiment.
D. It helps other people to do what a scientist did.
33. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. Observations can only be made by scientists.
B. Observations can use numbers to measure things.
C. Observations are an important step in the scientific method.
D. Observations are only performed once in the scientific method.

Passage 4 (‫ )اﺿﻄﺮاب اﻟﻮﺳﻮاس اﻟﻘﻬﺮي‬Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

(1) As with generalized anxiety and phobias, we can see aspects of our own behavior in obsessive-
compulsive disorder. We may at times be obsessed with senseless or offensive thoughts that will not
go away. Or we may engage in compulsive, rigid behavior - rechecking a locked door, stepping over
cracks in the sidewalk, or lining up our books and pencils just so" before studying.
(2) Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors cross the fine line between normality and
disorder when they become O persistent that they interfere with the way we live or when they cause
distress. Checking to see that the door is locked is normal; checking the door 10 times is not. Hand
washing is normal; hand washing so often that one's skin becomes raw is not. At some time during
their lives, often during their late teens or twenties, 2 to 3 percent of people cross that line from normal

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preoccupations and fussiness to debilitating disorder. The obsessive thoughts become so haunting, the
compulsive rituals so senselessly time-consuming, that effective functioning becomes impossible.
(3) One much person was billionaire Howard Hughes. Hughes would compulsively dictate the same
phrases over and over again. Under stress, he developed an obsessive fear of germs. He became
reclusive and insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand washing rituals and wear white gloves
when handling documents he would later touch. He ordered tape around doors and windows and
forbade his staff to touch or even look at him. "Everybody carries germs around with them," he
explained. "I want to live longer than my parents, so I avoid germs".
34. What is the main topic of this passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. Habits that people like to repeat a lot.
B. A comparison of normal and obsessive behavior.
C. Types of anxiety related psychological disorders.
D. An examination of the billionaire Howard Hughes.
35. What is one important idea related to general anxiety and phobias mentioned In P1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﺮﻫﺎب اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. There are three types of behavior.
B. We must get neck treatment straight away.
C. Compulsive disorders make us hurt others.
D. Features of compulsive behavior are present in everyone.
36. What important information about obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior is
expressed in Paragraph 2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻮﺳﻮاﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻘﻬﺮي اﻟﻤﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. They take up very little time.
B. They negatively affect daily life.
C. They affect mainly young people.
D. They are perfectly normal to have
37. What is an example of Hughes' obsessive behavior in the passage?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻮك ﻫﻴﻮز اﻟﻤﻬﻮوس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A. Checking locked doors continuously
B. Dictating phrases repeatedly
C. Stepping over cracks
D. Pencil straightening
38. What key information is given about Howard Hughes in Paragraph 3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ا��ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺎوارد ﻫﻴﻮز ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. He was a very rich man.
B. He always wore white gloves.
C. He was scared of dying at an early age.
D. He became ill because of his assistants.
39. Why does the writer mention Howard Hughes? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻫﺎوارد ﻫﻴﻮز؟‬
A. He was a famous person
B. He would not leave his home.
C. He helped treat anxiety disorders.
D. He suffered from anxiety and phobias.

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Passage 5 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬

Introducing Psychology
(1) Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. The word "psychology" comes from
the Greek words "psyche, meaning life, and "logos," meaning explanation. Psychology is a popular
major for students, a popular topic in the public media, and a part of our everyday lives. Television
shows often feature psychologists who provide personal advice to those with personal or family
difficulties. Crime dramas such as CSI, Lie to Me, and others feature the work of forensic
psychologists who use psychological principles to help solve crimes. And many people have direct
knowledge about psychology because they have visited psychologists, for instance, school
counselors, family therapists, and religious, marriage, or bereavement counselors.
(2) Because we are frequently exposed to the work of psychologists in our everyday lives, we all
have an idea about what psychology is and what psychologists do. In many ways, your
conceptions are probably correct. Psychologists do work in forensic fields, and they do provide
counseling and therapy for people in distress. But there are hundreds of thousands of
psychologists in the world, and most of them work in other places, doing work that you are
probably now aware of.
(3) Most psychologists work in research laboratories, hospitals, and other field settings where
they study the behavior of humans and animals. For instance, experts in the Psychology
Department at the University of Maryland study such diverse topics as anxiety in children, the
interpretation of dreams, the effects of caffeine on thinking, how birds recognize each other, how
people from different cultures react differently in negotiation. Psychologists also work in schools
and businesses, and they use a variety of methods, including observation, questionnaires,
interviews, and laboratory studies, to help them understand behavior.
40. What do psychologists do to help people who are nappy in their lives? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻮم ؟‬
A. They advise them to stop drinking coffee
B. They provide them with treatment services,
C. They take them to special hospitals for help.
D. They provide them with advice about their food.
41. Why does the writer use the word "Because in Paragraph 2)?
‫(؟‬2 ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "��ن( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. To show other examples of jobs psychologists do.
B. To explain the result of people talking and dealing with psychologists.
C. To add more information to the definition of psychology and the work of psychologists.
D. To show that psychologists are very good at finding criminals and solving crimes.
42. What does the passage say about the work of most psychologists?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻔﺲ؟‬
A. It is field research
B. It is forensic science.

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C. It is TV entertainment,
D. It is personal counseling.
43. Which word can we use to replace the word "But” in paragraph 2)?
‫(؟‬2 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻟﻜﻦ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. In addition
B. Therefore
C. Finally
D. However
44. What does the writer think about our knowledge of psychology?
‫ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ؟‬
A. It is complete.
B. It is INCORRECT.
C. It is from university.
D. It is from experience.

Passage 6 The Spinal Cord (‫)اﻟﻨﺨﺎع اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ‬

(1) The spinal cord is an information highway connecting the nervous system to the brain.
Ascending neural areas send up sensory information, and descending areas send back motor-
control information. A look at the neural pathways that control our reflexes, our automatic
responses to stimuli, shows the spinal cords work. A simple spinal-reflex path is composed of a
single sensory neuron and a single motor neuron, which often communicate through an
interneuron.
(2) One such path makes up the pain reflex. When your fingers touch a hot stove, neural
activity excited by the heat travels via sensory neurons to interneurons in your spinal cord.
These interneurons respond by activating motor neurons to the muscles in your arm, causing
you to jerk your hand away.
(3) Because the simple pain-reflex pathway runs through the spinal cord and out, you jerk
your hand from a candle's flame before your brain receives and responds to the information
that causes you to feel pain. Information travels to and from the brain by way of the spinal cord.
Were the top of your spinal cord severed, you would not feel such pain. Or pleasure. Your brain
would literally be out of touch with your body. Thus, you would lose all sensation and voluntary
movement in body regions whose sensory and motor neurons connect with the spinal cord
below its point of injury.

45. What helps information travel up and down the spine?

‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ا��ﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺻﻌﻮدا وﻫﺒﻮﻃﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻔﻘﺮي؟‬
A. the brain
B. neural paths
C. the air we breathe
D. automatic responses
46. According to P2, what finally makes you take your hand away from something hot?

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‫؟‬2 ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪا ﻋﻦ ��ء ﺳﺎﺧﻦ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬ً ‫أﺧﻴﺮا ﺗﺤﺮك ﻳﺪك‬

ً ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻚ‬
A. Sensory neurons and interneurons
B. Your fingers touching a hot stove
C. Motor neurons in arm muscles
D. Our natural fear of pain
47. When would your brain stop receiving information from the spinal cord?
‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ دﻣﺎﻏﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺨﺎع اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ؟‬
A. When the pain-reflex pathway ran through the spinal cord and out.
B. If there were serious damage to the spinal cord.
C. If you stopped experiencing pleasure or pain.
D. When you were sleeping very heavily.
48. The word connecting in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to …………
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "رﺑﻂ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A. adding
B. feeling
C. joining
D. moving

Passage 7 (‫)رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎج‬

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50. Which year had the most pilgrims to Saudi Arabia?

‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻋﺎم ﺷﻬﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺠﺎج إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ؟‬
A. 2002
B. 2008
C. 2010
D. 2012

Passage 8) (‫) اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬Project organization

(1) There is no single organizational approach to projects. Each project is organized to accomplish
the work effectively and efficiently. Several factors influence the organizational approach to execute a
project. The complexity profile of a project, the culture of the parent organization, the preferences of
the project manager, the knowledge and skills of the team, and a parent organization with a project
management office are examples of factors that influence the project's organization.
(2) In developing the project organizational structure, the project manager considers the span of
control for each manager. The span of control represents the number of people reporting to a manager.
(3) Most projects have similar functions that are important to successfully managing the project.
Included among there are the following:
භ Sponsor
භ Project manager
භ Controls
භ Procurement
භ Quality
භ Administration
(4) On smaller projects, more than one function can be managed by one person. On larger projects,
large teams may be needed to accomplish the work within the function.
Project Sponsor
(5) The project sponsor is outside the day-to-day operations of the project and has the
organizational authority to provide resources and overcome barriers for the project. The project
sponsor is typically a leader in the parent organization with an interest in the outcome of the project.
As a leader in the parent organization, the project sponsor can provide input into the project scope
and other documents that define project success. The guidance and support from the project sponsor
enhance the ability of the project to successfully meet the parent organization's objectives.
Project Manager
(6) Project managers often have the breadth of responsibility associated with corporate chief
executive officers CEOs). The project manager facilitates the start-up of a project and develops the staff,
resources, and work processes to accomplish the work of the project. He or she manages the project
effectively and efficiently and oversees the closeout phase. Some projects are larger than major
divisions of some organizations, with the project manager responsible for a larger budget and
managing more risk than most of the organizational leaders. A mining company that builds a new mine
in South Africa, an automobile manufacturer that creates a new truck design, and a pharmaceutical
company that moves a new drug from testing to production are examples of projects that may
consume more resources in a given year than any of the organization's operating divisions.

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(7) The function of the project manager can vary depending on the complexity profile and the
organizational structure. Defining and managing client expectations and start-up activities, developing
the scope, and managing change are functions of the project manager. On some projects, the project
manager may provide direction to the technical team on the project. On other projects, the technical
leadership might come from the technical division of the parent organization.
(8) Although the functional responsibilities of the project manager may vary, the primary role is
consistent on every project. The primary role of the project manager is to lead to provide a vision of
success, to connect everyone involved in the project to that vision, and to provide the means and
methods to achieve success. The project manager creates a goal-directed and time focused project
culture. The project manager provides leadership.
Project Procurement
(9) The approach to purchasing the supplies and equipment needed by the project is related to the
complexity profile of the project. A small project with a low complexity level may be able to use the
procurement services of the parent organization. In an organization where project resources reside in
various departments, the departments may provide the supplies and equipment each team member of
the project may need.
Project Quality
(10) Project quality is often part of the technical manager's responsibility. On large projects or
projects with a high degree of technical complexity, the quality is sometimes a separate function
reporting to the project manager. The project quality manager focuses on the quality of the project
work processes and not the quality of the client's product. For example, if the project is to design and
construct an automobile factory, the quality manager focuses on the project work processes and
meeting the technical specification of the equipment installed by the project team. The project quality
manager is not responsible for the quality of the car the plant produces. If the plant functions to the
defined project specifications, the quality of the plant output is the responsibility of the plant quality
department, and it may take several months for the plant to refine the work processes to meet the
design specifications of the car.
Project Administration
(11) The administrative function provides project specific support such as the following:
භ Accounting services
භ Legal services
භ Property management
භ Human resources HR) management
භ Other support functions found in most organizations.
In most organizations, support for these functions is provided by the parent organization.
For example, people assigned to the project will get human resources HR) support from
the HR department of the parent organization. Salary, benefits, and HR policies for
employees assigned to the project will be supported out of the HR department. The
parent organization will provide accounting functions such as determining the cost of
cash, taxes, year-end project reports, and property disposal at the end of the project.

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51. What are two important factors in A project? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣ��ن اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤ��وع؟‬
A. quality and structure
B. administration and purecurament.
C. accounting and le
D. Controls and pro……..
52. Which activities will ……….. department?
A. property dips………….
B. salary and benefits
C. taxes and yea………
D. legal service
Passage 9 (‫ ) ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬Contract Law
Contract law is at the heart of almost every business transaction. Laws regarding
contracts, or agreements between parties, originated and developed through English
common law and are among the earliest laws created. Many present-day rules are the
same as they were years ago, although these laws have been incorporated in both state
and federal codes. In addition to these well-established contract principles, modern
business practices are governed by laws that were designed to meet today's needs. In
particular, contracts for the sale of goods are governed by the Uniform Commercial Code
and many consumer contracts are governed by various consumer protection statutes.
53] The word agreements in the passage is closest in meaning to ……..
.....‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ا��ﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A. discussions
B. talks
C. arrangements
D. fights
54. The word governed in the passage is closest in meaning to ………..
........ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﺤﻜﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A- celebrated
B- controlled
C- achieved
D- advertised

Passage 10) (‫)اﻟ��ﻛﺎت وﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ ا��ﺑﺤﺎث‬Company funded research

(1) A soda company sponsoring nutrition research. An oil company helping fund a climate-related
research meeting. Does the public care who's paying for science?
(2) In a word, yes. When industry funds science, credibility suffers. And this does not bode well for
the types of public-private research partnerships that appear to be becoming more common as
government funding for research and development reduces.
(3) The recurring topic of conflict of interest has made headlines in recent weeks. The National
Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine has revised its conflict-of-interest guidelines
following questions about whether members of a recent expert group on GMO's had industry
connections or other financial conflicts were not disclosed in the panel's final report.

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(4) This indicates how hard it may be for the public to see research as useful when produced with
an industry partner, even when that company is just one of several collaborators.
What people think of funding sources.
(5) When a research team included an industry partner, the public were generally less likely to think
the scientists would consider a full range of evidence and listen to different voices. An industry partner
also reduced how much participants believed any resulting data would provide meaningful guidance
for making decisions.
(6) You may think that including a diverse array of partners in a research collaboration might
remove the negative perceptions that come with industry involvement. But, while including scientists
from a non-industry organization Particularly a nongovernmental organization) made some difference,
the effect was small. Adding a government partner provided no real additional benefit.
(7) Participants who were asked to describe what they thought about the research partnership in
their own words said they were skeptical whether an industry partner could ever be trusted to release
information that might hurt its profits.
(8) Stories of Pharmaceutical companies conducting less than rigorous clinical trials for the benefit
of their marketing departments, or the tobacco industry steadfastly denying the connection between
smoking and cancer in the face of mounting evidence, help explain public concern about industry-
funded science.
55. How are the ideas that "not all evidence is considered" and "not all findings are
released" related? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ أﻓﻜﺎر "�� ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ا��دﻟﺔ" و "�� ﻳﺘﻢ إﺻﺪار ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ"؟‬
A. Both are part of the tobacco industry's research.
B. "Not all evidence is considered" is an example of “not all findings are released"
C. Both are examples of public opinion about the type of research.
D. One represents NGO research and the other company-funded research.
56. Which of the following is an opinion? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ رأي؟‬
A. They were Skeptical whether an industry partner could ever be trusted to release information
that might hurt its profits.
B. The National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine has revised its conflict-of-interest
guidelines.
C. An industry partner also reduced how much participants believed any resulting data would
provide meaningful guidance for making decisions.
D. Including scientists from a non-industry organization made some difference, but the effect
was small.
57. How is the public's view about funding science different from the industry's view?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮر ﺣﻮل ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ؟‬
A. The public think that the industry should use their money to do more researches.
B. The public think that public-private research partnerships work well.
C. The public think that government research is less efficient.
D. The public think that the industry mainly cares about money.
58. What can we understand from the text about company-funded research?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺺ ﺣﻮل ا��ﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻮﻟﻬﺎ اﻟ��ﻛﺔ؟‬
A. It is less reliable than government-funded research.
B. The government often chooses the area of research.

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C. Companies often receive money from governments

D. It usually involves more than one company.
59. What can we understand from the passage about government funding for research?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮث؟‬
A. Public health research receives most of the money.
B. The public think it's a waste of money.
C. There used to be more money available.
D. Government funding is a slow process.

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Model 16
Passage 1 (‫)ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎرة‬
The World Economic Outlook for Trade
(1) Although the global economy continued to grow robustly until 2007, economic
performance was not equal: growth in the advanced economies slowed and then
stopped in 2009, whereas emerging and developing economies continued to grow.
Looking ahead, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), an international bank with 186
member nations, expected growth to continue until 2020 in both advanced and
emerging developing economies.
(2) Although the U.S. economy had been growing steadily since 2000 and recorded the
longest peacetime expansion in the nation's history, the worldwide recession which
began in December 2007 slowed the rate of growth. The IMF estimated that the U.S.
economy grew by less than half of 1 percent in 2008 and, because of subprime
mortgage lending and other global financial problems, declined 2.5 percent in 2009.
International experts recorded global economic growth of 3.9 percent in 2010 and 4.3
percent in 2011, despite the high oil prices.
(3) Canada and Western Europe: America's leading export partner, Canada, showed a
growth rate of 2.6 percent in 2010 and 3.6 percent in 2011. The euro area which
declined by 3.9 percent in 2009, grew by 1.0 percent in 2010, and by 1.6 percent in 2011.
The United Kingdom and smalher European countries such as Austria, the Netherlands,
Sweden, and Switzerland, experienced a recession.
(4) Mexico and Latin America: America's second largest export customer, Mexico,
suffered its sharpest recession ever in 1995, and experienced another major setback in
2009. However, its growth rate in 2010 and 2011 was 4.0 percent and 4.7 percent.
respectively. Brazil escaped the recent global economic crisis with only minor setbacks:
its growth in 2008 was more than 5 percent, and in 2009 it declined only 0.4 percent. In
general, the Latin American and the Caribbean economies are recovering at a robust
pace.
(5) Japan: Japan's economy is regaining momentum. Stronger consumer demand and
business investment make Japan less reliant on exports for growth. The IMF puts the
growth for Japan at 1.7 percent in 2010 and 2.2 percent in 2011.
(6) Other Asian Countries: The economic growth in Asia remained strong in 2008 and
2009 despite the global recession. Growth was led by China, where its economy
expanded by 8.7 percent in 2009, and by at 10 percent and 9.7 percent in 2010 and
2011. respectively. Growth in India slowed modestly to 5.6 percent in 2009. Growth in
Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam was as expected at 4.7
percent and 5.3 percent in 2010 and 2011, respectively. In short, the key emerging
economies in Asia are leading the global recovery. China's emergence as a global
economic power has been among the most dramatic economic developments of recent
decades. From 1980 to 2004, China's economy averaged a real GDP growth rate of 9.5
percent and became the world' s sixth-largest economy. China's total share in world

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trade expanded from 1 percent in 1980 to almost 6 percent in 2003. By 2004, China had
become the third largest trading nation in dollar terms, behind the United States and
Germany and just ahead of Japan.
(7) Emerging Europe: The year 2007 marked the sixth consecutive year during which
emerging Europe grew much faster than Western Europe, but growth in many
countries was uneven. The global economic crisis that plagued this region finally came
to an end in 2009, and most countries in the region saw positive growth in 2010 and
2011.
(8) Commonwealth of Independent States. The growth in this region turned out to be
the predicted 3.8 percent in 2010 and 4.0 percent in 2011. Strong growth is expected to
continue in Azerbaijan and Armenia. whereas growth is projected to remain stable in
Moldova, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. After World War II, trade between the United
States and the communist nations of Central and Eastern Europe was minimal. The
United States maintained high tariff barriers on imports from most of these countries
and also restricted their exports. However, since the disintegration of the Soviet Union
and the collapse of communism, trade between the United States and Central and
Eastern Europe has expanded substantially. The countries that made the transition from
communist to market economies quickly have recorded positive growth for several
years. Among the nations that have enjoyed several years of positive economic growth
are the member countries of the Central European Free Trade Association: Hungary,
the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia.
21- Who is America's leading export partner? ‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ اﻟ��ﻳﻚ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ��ﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ؟‬
(A) USA
(B) Canada
(C) Mexico
(D) The United Kingdom
22- What was the percentage of the Euro area economy decline in 2009?
‫؟‬2009 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻊ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻴﻮرو ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
(A) 1 percent
(B) 1.6 percent
(C) 3.9 percent
(D) 10 percent
23- When did the worldwide recession begin? ‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺮﻛﻮد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ؟‬
(A) in 2007
(B) in 2008
(C) in 2009
(D) in 2010
24- What was China's total world trade share in 2003?
‫؟‬2003 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
(A) 1 percent
(B) 4.5 percent
(C) 6 percent
(D) 9.5 percent

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25- Which country is a member of the Central European Free Trade Association?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ ﻓﻲ راﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة اﻟﺤﺮة ��وروﺑﺎ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ؟‬
(A) Armenia
(B) Poland
(C) Moldova
(D) Turkey
Passage 2 (‫)ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
The Development of Law
(1) The origins and development of laws and legal systems are for the most part based
on the actions of government and religion. In many societies, governments and religion
are largely intertwined and their laws reflect this. Because of differences in beliefs and
values, laws vary widely from one society to another. However, historically only two
major types of legal systems developed, civil law systems and common law. The term
civil law as used to describe a legal system refers to a system based primarily on written
constitutions and written laws or codes. In such legal systems, a ruler of legislative body
creates an extensive set of rules or regulations. to govern the role of courts in such
systems is limited. Common law systems, on the other hand, are based on precedent or
case law.
(2) Civil law jurisdictions, the more common in the world today, date back thousands of
years. One of the most famous examples was the Babylonian Empire, a society ruled by
a law known as the code of Hammurabi. The code was named after the ruler of the
time and dates back to approximately 1760 BCE.
(3) Common law systems are those based on the concept of precedent. In this type of
system, laws originate from decisions of courts rather than legislative bodies. Originally
decisions were based on tradition and custom but eventually decisions were based on
precedent. Precedent requires courts to follow decisions of earlier courts. Common law
originated with Medieval England and is found in many countries once occupied by
Great Britain.
26- What is one important idea that the writer mentioned?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) that Hammurabi created common law
(B) that civil law is more common than common law
(C)that decisions were based on traditions
(D)that the role of court is limited in every
27- What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) that laws are mostly the same across societies
(B) that Hammurabi wrote the first legal code
(C) that in both legal systems, decisions are based on precedents
(D) that civil law is based on written constitutions and codes

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Passage 3 (‫)ﺟﺪار ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ‬

(1) At 1.05am on Sunday 13 August 1961, East German border guards and army combat
groups took up positions on the demarcation line at the Brandenburg Gate in central
Berlin. In a scene repeated along the border dividing the two halves of the city, they
ripped up the paving stones and strained barbed wire between concrete posts. By early
morning, only 12 of the 81 street crossing points were passable (that was soon cut to
seven). This was phase one of the Berlin Wall.
There is evidence that the building of the wall actually came as something of a relief to
the western powers; they had been expecting such a move and saw it, if anything, as
evidence that no imminent attempt was likely by the Soviet Union and GDR to retake all
Berlin; west Berlin, in other words, was safe.
(2) The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) had erected a barbed wire border
fence with the Federal Republic (West Germany) as early as 1952. However, the border
running through Berlin, controlled by all four post-war occupying powers, remained
largely open, turning the city into by far the most important route for East Germans to
flee the rigors of state socialism for the "economic miracle" then underway in West
Germany. By 1961, some 3.5 million East Germans (20% of the population) had left,
many through Berlin.
(3) The wall slowed that emigration almost to a trickle. In the 28 years of its existence
some 5,000 people are thought to have successfully escaped across the wall; the
number who died in the attempt is disputed, although 136 deaths have been
confirmed, the last being shot in February 1989.
(4) The barrier was 155km long, although the 112km separating west Berlin from the
GDR consisted mainly of wire fencing. What most of us think of as the Berlin Wall was
the 43km of border wall that divided west from east Berlin. It grew into a vast
fortification system featuring two concrete barriers, along with floodlights, electric
fences, vehicle trenches, dog patrols, observation towers, bunkers and armed guards.
(5) The fall, when it came, was quick. There were large demonstrations in the GDR in
September 1989. In October, the country's lifelong leader, Erich Honecker, resigned. On
9 November, the East German authorities lifted border controls to the west. including
for private journeys to west Berlin, from 17 November. Germany was formally reunified
just 11 months later.
28- What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) why the Berlin wall was built
(B) a short history of the Berlin Wall
(C) a short history of east and West Berlin
(D) the border between east and West Berlin
29- Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) At 1.05am on Sunday 13 August 1961, East German guards and army combat troops
took up positions on the border line of the Brandenburg Gate in central Berlin.
(B)In a scene repeated along the border dividing the two halves of the city, they ripped
up the paving stones and attached wire between concrete posts.

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(C)By early morning, only 12 of the 21 street crossings were passable.

(D)This was the beginning of the Berlin wall.
30- What does Paragraph (1) say about the actions of the East German border guards?
‫( ﻋﻦ أﻓﻌﺎل ﺣﺮس اﻟﺤﺪود ﻓﻲ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟ��ﻗﻴﺔ؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) They closed most of the streets on the border.
(в)They stopped everyone crossing to West Berlin.
(c)They used paving stones to build the wall.
(D)They fought with army combat groups.
31- Which of the following statements does Paragraph (2) support?
‫( ﻳﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ؟‬2) ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) West Germany was more important than East Germany.
(B) West Germany was bigger than East Germany.
(C) West Germany was richer than East Germany.
(D) West Germany controlled more of the border than East Germany
32- Which of the following statements does Paragraph (3) support?
‫( ﻳﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ؟‬3) ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) The Berlin Wall took 28 years to build.
(B) The Berlin Wall stopped everyone trying to cross
(C)Every year 136 people died trying to escape
(D)About 5,000 people crossed over the wall.
33- What does Paragraph (4) say about the wall between E and West Berlin?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺪار ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ اﻟ��ﻗﻴﺔ واﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It was 112km long.
(B) It was 155km long.
(C) It was made of concrete.
(D) It was made of wire fencing.
34- Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (5)?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) The fall, when it came, was quick.
(B) Germany was formally reunified just 11 months later.
(C) There were large demonstrations in the GDR in September 1989.
(D) In October, the country's lifelong leader, Erik Honecker, resigned.

Passage 4 clay on Mars

(1) Today mars have only a thin atmosphere and its surface is very dry with the possible
exceptions of some localized and temporary water seeps. However, ancient eroded
valley networks that were discovered by orbiting space. Craft in the early days of
exploration prove that water flowed across the surface in the remote past.
(2) The nature of the oldest valley, which have many tributaries, shows that the water
was most likely supplied by rainfall. This means the surface was very likely habitable for
life back then.
(3) When clay minerals were detected from orbit and subsequently confirmed by
surface ravers; it was taken as further evidence that mars once had a wet surface

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environment, hospitable life. This is because when most rocky minerals decay under
humid conditions they rot to form various kinds of clay.
(4) Clay minerals cannot form unless there is water available, it is essential ingredient in
their microscopic crystalline structure. Clays are found virtually nowhere and the red
planet except in Mars most ancient terrains, dating back to an period about 3.7-4.1
billion years ago, called the Noachian.
(5) On earth, clay forms by minerals grains that are chemically attacked by water. Most
scientists believe that a similar process took place on Mars during its wet, Noachian
period. However, some researchers have suggested that most of the detected clay was
not formed in this way at all. They argued instead it formed prior to that, while warm
water was circulating through the bedrock in response to nearby volcanic and
instructive activity.
35- What is one important idea about today's Mars that the writer mentions in
Paragraphs (1-2)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﻳﺦ اﻟﻴﻮم واﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
‫(؟‬2-1) ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻗﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
(A) orbiting spacecraft
(B) rocky minerals
(C)rainfall
(D) valleys
36- What evidence does the writer mention to show that probably used to have rain?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ذﻛﺮه اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ��ﺛﺒﺎت أﻧﻪ رﺑﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻄﺮ ﻳﻨﺰل؟‬
(A) There are clays on Mars' surface.
(B) The surface used to be suitable for life.
(C) There are valleys with many tributaries.
(D) Volcanic activity typically causes rain.
37- Why does the writer mention surface rovers? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﻄﺢ؟‬
(A) They've helped show that water turns rocky minerals into clay.
(B) They've helped show that clays on Mars are different from those on Earth.
(C) They've helped show that Mars used to have good conditions for life.
(D) They've helped show that Mars is at least 4 billion years old.
38- What is one important idea related to clay that the writer mentions in Paragraph (4)?
‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) water
(B)structure
(C) terrains
(D) time

Passage 5 Mapping the African Coast

(1) Prince Henry led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal, a small nation next
to Spain. First, Prince Henry's navigators discovered and claimed the Madeira and
Azores islands to the west and southwest of Portugal. By 1415, Portugal had expanded
into Muslim North Africa, seizing the port of Ceuta on the North African coast.

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(2) Prince Henry saw great promise in Africa. The Portuguese could convert Africans -
most of whom practiced tribal religions - to Christianity. He also believed that in Africa
he would find the sources of riches the Muslim traders controlled.
(3) Finally, Prince Henry hoped to find an easier way to reach Asia, which meant going
around Africa. The Portuguese felt that with their expert knowledge and technology,
they could accomplish this feat. At Sagres, in southern Portugal. Henry gothered
scientists, cartographers, or mapmakers, and other experts. They redesigned ships,
prepared maps, and trained captains and crews for long voyages. Henry's ships then
slowly worked their way south to explore the western coast of Africa.
(4) Henry died in 1460, but the Portuguese continued their quest. In 1488. Bartholomeu
Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa. Despite the turbulent seas around it, the tip
became known as the Cape of Good Hope because it opened the way for a sea route
to Asia.
40- How did the Portuguese get into Muslim North Africa? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ دﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻴﻮن إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎل إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﺔ؟‬
(A)By taking the islands of Madeira and Azores.
(B) By getting there before the Spanish could.
(C) By making Africans become Christians.
(D) By taking the port of Ceuta.
41- Why does the writer use the word "Finally" in Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫"أﺧﻴﺮا" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬ً ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
(A) To give some final information about how to explore Africa.
(B) To show that it would be possible to explore Asia instead of Africa.
(C) To give one more important reason for exploring Africa.
(D) To give an example of what the Portuguese could do in Africa.
42- Which word can we use to replace the word because in Paragraph (4)?
‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻛﻠﻤﺔ "��ن" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) although
(B) besides
(C) since
(D) so
43- Why are autotrophs known as primary producers?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﺬاﺗﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻴﻦ ا��ﺳﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ؟‬
(A) Because autotroph means primary producer in Latin.
(B) They are able to survive off their own sources of energy
(C) They both use the sun and chemical compounds for energy.
(D) Because their production of energy benefits other organisms.
44- The word transferred in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to…..
............. ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻘﻞ" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) driven
(B) moved
(C) made
(D) saved

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45- The word discovered in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to…..

.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻛﺘﺸﻒ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) believed
(B) found
(C) hoped
(D) tried

Passage 7
Recent Palm Expansion
INDONESIA: Palm Area Growth by Owner

46-What year did the Government Estate reach 500,000 hectares?

‫ ﻫﻜﺘﺎر؟‬500000 ‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻋﺎم وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرات اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
(A) 1989
(B) 1997
(C) 2004
(D) 2009

Passage 8

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47- What is the percentage increase in Norway from 2004 to 2010?

‫؟‬2010 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬2004 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺮوﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ‬
(A) about 5%
(B) about 10%
(C) about 15%
(D) about 20%

Passage 9
survey on Why People Travel
33%
40
0 -
visit friends orr 30%
Relatives Leisure 22.5%
30
0 -
Work-related

20 - 14.6%
Personal Business

10 -

0 -

48. how many people travel for leisure?

(A) 22.6 percent
(B) 30 percent
(C) 30 people
(D) 300 people

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49- By how much did the number of visitors from Western Europe decrease in
2001?
‫؟‬2001 ‫ﺑﻜﻢ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺰوار ﻣﻦ أوروﺑﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
(A) About 75,000
(B) About 150,000
(C) About half
(D) About 75%

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Model 17
Passage 1 (‫)اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﺪن‬
1) With the population explosion that began during the1700s and continued through
the 1800s, cities grew as rural people streamed into urban areas. This rapid growth was
not due to larger families. In fact, families in most industrialized countries had fewer
children. Instead, populations soared because the death rate fell and nutrition
improved, thanks in part to improved methods of farming, food storage, and
distribution. Medical advances and improvements in public sanitation also slowed
death rates.
2) Since the 1600s, scientists had known of microscopic organisms, or microbes. Some
scientists speculated that certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases. Yet
most doctors dismissed this germ theory. Not until 1870 did French chemist Louis
Pasteur clearly show the link between microbes and disease. Pasteur went on to make
other major contributions to medicine, including the development of vaccine. He also
discovered a process called pasteurization that killed disease-carrying microbes in milk.
Also, in the 1880s. the German doctor Robert Koch identified the bacterium that caused
tuberculosis, a respiratory disease that claimed about 30 million human lives in the
1800s.
3) These successes brought about a soaring population and changed the face of cities
forever with some undergoing rapid development. Together with growing wealth and
industrialization, this altered the basic layout of European cities. City planners created
spacious new squares and boulevards. They lined these avenues with government
buildings, offices, department stores and theaters. The most extensive urban renewal,
or rebuilding of the poor areas of a city, took place in Paris in the 1850s. Georges
Haussmann, chief planner for Napoleon III, destroyed many narrow medieval streets full
of poor housing. In their place, he built wide boulevards and grand public buildings.
The project put many people to work, decreasing the threat of social unrest. The wide
boulevards also made it harder for rebels to put up barricades and easier for troops to
reach any part of the city.
4) Further improvements followed, with paved streets making urban areas much more
livable. First, as lamps, and then electric streetlights illuminated the night, increasing
safety.
5) Beneath the streets, sewage systems make cities a much healthier place to live. City
planners knew that clean water supplies and better sanitation methods were needed to
combat epidemics of cholera and tuberculosis. In Paris, sewer lines expanded from 139
kilometers in 1852 to more than 1200 kilometers by 1911. The massive new sewer
systems of London and Paris were costly, but they cut death rates dramatically.
6) By 1900, architects were using steel to construct tall buildings. American architects
like Louis Sullivan pioneered a new structure, the skyscraper. In large cities, single-
family middle-class homes gave way to multistory apartment buildings.

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7) Despite these efforts to improve cities, urban life remained harsh for the poor. Some
working-class families could afford better clothing, newspapers or tickets to a music
hall. But they went home to small row houses in overcrowded neighborhoods.
8) In the worst areas, whole families were often crammed into a single room.
Unemployment or sickness meant lost wages that could ruin a family. High rates of
crime were a constant curse. Conditions had improved somewhat from the early days
of the Industrial Revolution, but slums remained a fact of city life.
9) Despite their drawbacks, cities attracted millions. New residents were drawn as much
by the excitement as by the opportunity for work. For tourists too, cities were centers of
action. Music halls, opera houses and theaters provided entertainment for every taste.
Museums and libraries offered educational opportunities. Sports, from tennis to boxing
drew citizens of all classes. Few of these enjoyments were available in country villages.
21. What nationality was Louis Sullivan? ‫ﻣﺎ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﺳﻮﻟﻴﻔﺎن؟‬
A- American.
B- British.
C- French.
D- German.
22. When did population levels begin to increase very quickly?
‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪأت ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﺑ��ﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة؟‬
A- 1500s.
B- 1600s.
C- 1700s.
D- 1800s.
23. What do microbes cause? ‫ﻣﺎذا ٌﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺑﺎت؟‬
A- diseases.
B- cholera.
C- headaches.
D- vaccines.
24. Who rebuilt parts of Paris in the 1800s? ‫ﻣﻦ أﻋﺎد ﺑﻨﺎء أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬
‫ﻋ��؟‬
A- Georges Haussmann.
B- Louis Sullivan.
C- Napoleon Bonaparte.
D- Robert Koch.

Passage 2 (‫)اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت واﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮة‬

1) Narratives are stories - something you hear and tell every day - Some are true: they're a
way to share the events of your latest experiences, and they're a way to reveal the events in
the world. These stories are nonfiction. But not all stories have to be true. When the stories
are made up, they are called fiction, and they can take on a life of their own. You see, hear,
and imagine fictional stories when you watch television sitcoms, read novels, or daydream
about becoming a movie star.

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One kind of imaginative narration is the short story - a written piece of fiction that follows
specific rules and has its own unique characteristics.
2) A short story is a brief fictional narrative that combines elements to create a world
that attracts the reader's attention and interest. An effective short story:
• uses details to create a setting of time and place in the reader's mind.
• presents a main character who takes part in the action.
• introduces and develops a conflict, or a problem, to be resolved.
• suggests a theme or generalization about life.
3) Short stories, as well as other forms of fiction, may be categorized according to the
types of setting or conflict they present. Here are a few examples of types of short
stories:
• Mysteries - present a story with important missing information, which is revealed as
the plot unfolds.
• Westerns - usually focus on a specific combination of character, setting, and time:
cowboys in the western parts of the United States in the second half of the nineteenth
century.
• Thrillers - create a high level of tension by introducing danger in the conflict they
present.
25. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
A- to inspire.
B- to persuade.
C- to inform.
D- to argue.
26. What is the main idea in Paragraph 2)? ‫(؟‬2 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- The characteristics of a well-written short story.
B- That short story can take place in the past or present.
C- Conflicts and problems in short stories.
D- That a good short story is very difficult to write.

Passage 3 (‫)اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎت وﻣﻮاﻃﻦ ﻋﻴﺶ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬

Animal Habitats
1) Humans are not the only species on Earth capable of building extraordinary
structures. The natural world is in fact full of ingenious animals that can achieve just as
impressive feats of engineering.
2) Building behavior is common in mammals, birds, insects and arachnids. Many
animals learn to build by observation and even through communication. However, in
some cases building is thought to be instinctive.
3) Animals will often construct their own habitats for shelter against potential predators
and the outside elements. Many dwellings are also built for nesting purposes and to
catch, store and even cultivate food.
4) Animal architecture can also be quite sophisticated; with many structures
incorporating clever ventilation systems for temperature control, and even secure entry
and exit points to keep unwanted visitors away.

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5) Complex builds are often undertaken as a group, which helps speed up construction
time. Take for example the humble ant. An army of ants can move up to 50 tons of soil
per year in just 2.6 square kilometers. A single ant is capable of carrying up to 50 times
its own weight, so working together as a colony means they're able to accomplish
impressive feats. In fact, within a week, a large army of garden ants can construct an
underground city big enough to house thousands of insects.
6) Established deep underground, ant nests are made up of multiple chambers and
connecting tunnels. Each chamber has a different use; some store food while others are
used as nurseries for the young and resting spaces for busy worker ants and the
deepest central chamber is where the queen ant lays her eggs.
27. What does Paragraph 1) say about the natural world?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- Humans are the only capable species.
B- The Earth is made of extraordinary structures.
C- Engineers can help us build impressive things.
D- Animals can match humans in creating structures.
28. Which of the following statements about building behavior does P 2) support?
‫(؟‬2) ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻳﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- It is usual for all animal species.
B- There are different ways animals learn to build.
C- Animals need to be taught to build complex structures.
D- Communication between insects and birds leads to stronger structures.
29. What does Paragraph 3) reveal about animal constructions?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻜﺸﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- Nests are built in the outside elements.
B- The constructions have many purposes.
C- Construction is done under the ground.
D- Animals construct habitats for other animals.
30. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph 5)?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- Take for example the humble ant.
B- An army of ants can move up to 50 tons of soil per in just 2.6 square kilometers.
C- Complex builds are often undertaken as a group, which helps speed up construction
time.
D- A single ant is capable of carrying up to 50 times its own weight, so working
together as a colony means they're able to accomplish impressive feats.
31. Which statement about animal architecture in Paragraph 5) is correct?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- Ants build their cities in groups.
B- An ant army protects its colonies.
C- Ants construct their habitat in many weeks.
D- A single ant can move 50 tons of soil in a year.

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Passage 4 (‫ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ا��ﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ��ﻛﺎت واﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ( ﻋﻠﻰ‬

Affirmative Action
1) An affirmative action program is a plan designed to increase the number of minority
employees at all levels within an organization. Employers with federal contracts of more
than $50,000 per year must have written affirmative action plans. The objective of such
programs is to ensure that minorities are represented within the organization in
approximately the same proportion as in the surrounding community. If 25 percent of
the electricians in a geographic area in which a company is located are African-
Americans, then approximately 25 percent of the electricians it employs also should be
African-Americans.
2) Unfortunately, affirmative action programs have been plagued by two problems. The
first involves quotas. In the beginning, many firms pledged to recruit and hire a certain
number of minority members by a specific date. To achieve this goal, they were forced
to consider only minority applicants for job openings. However, the courts have ruled
that such quotas are unconstitutional even though their purpose is commendable. They
are, in fact a form of discrimination called reverse discrimination.
3) The second problem is that although most such programs have been reasonably
successful, not all businesspeople are in favor of affirmative action programs. Managers
not committed to these programs can «play the game» and still discriminate against
workers. To help solve this problem, Congress created a government agency with the
power to investigate complaints of employment discrimination and sue firms that
practice it.
4) The threat of legal action has persuaded some corporations to amend their hiring
and promotional policies, but the discrepancy between men's and women's salaries still
exists. For more than 50 years, women have consistently earned only about 77 cents for
each dollar earned by men.
32. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about quotas in Paragraph 2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- They had a bad effect on companies.
B- They prevented some people from finding work.
C- They made affirmative action programs look good.
D- They are one of two problems companies deal with.
33. What is one important idea the writer mentions about affirmative action programs
in Paragraph 3)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ا��ﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫(؟‬3) ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- These programs help everyone find the job they want.
B- They have been extremely successful for minority employees.
C- Many companies have gone to court because of these programs.
D- Some companies still act in a negative way towards minority employees.
34. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about women in Paragraph 4)?
‫(؟‬4 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- They had to take legal action.
B- They apply for many job openings.

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C- They make less money than men.

D- They have worked for more than 50 years.
35. Why does the writer mention that affirmative action programs had two problems?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ا��ﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﺎن؟‬
A- To show that these programs have failed from the start.
B- To show that the courts have been against these programs.
C- To show that the government wanted to solve these problems.
D- To show that these programs have had both good and bad results.
36. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
A- The effect of affirmative action programs.
B- The importance of geography at work.
C- The role of the court in government.
D- The reason women are paid less than men.

Passage 5 (‫)اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬

Changes in Agriculture
1) Between 1950 and 1970, a world-wide effort to combat hunger and malnutrition led
to dramatic improvements in farming techniques and crop yields. This effort came to
be called the green revolution because it greatly increased the world's food supply.
Green revolution technologies enabled many countries to end chronic food shortages
and, in some cases, become exporters of surplus food.
2) At the heart of the green revolution was the use of high-yield varieties of seed and
fertilizer. For thousands of years, farmers have added essential nutrients in the form of
natural fertilizers such as animal manure. While some farmers today still use these
traditional methods, many farmers use artificial fertilizers.
3) Fertilizers are labeled with three numbers that reflect the percentage by weight of
three elements: nitrogen N), phosphorus P), and potassium K). A bag of garden
fertilizer labeled «20-10-5» is 20 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus, and 5
percent potassium by weight.
4) Fertilizers and pesticides must be used with great care. Over fertilizing can kill crop
plants by putting too high a concentration of salts into the soil. The intensive use of
fertilizers can also affect the groundwater. When large amounts of nitrogen and
phosphate-containing fertilizer are used near wetlands and streams, runoff from the
fields may contaminate the water. Pesticides can also pose a health risk.
Chemical pesticides are poisons, and they have the potential to harm wildlife and leave
dangerous chemical residues in food.
37. Why does the writer use the word while in Paragraph 2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- to give more information about nutrients.
B- to give an example of the green revolution.
C- to show that natural fertilizers are better.
D- to show that artificial fertilizers are more popular.

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38. What does Paragraph 2) say about the green revolution?

‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺨ��اء؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- It started with traditional methods.
B- It started with new seeds and fertilizers.
C- It started thousands of years ago.
D- It started with essential nutrients and manure.
39. How did some countries become exporters of food? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪول ﻣﺼﺪرة‬
‫ﻟﻠﻐﺬاء؟‬
A- They added pesticides to fertilizers.
B- They bought farms in other countries.
C- They relied on artificial fertilizers and ground water.
D- They used enhanced farming techniques and crop yields.
40. Why was the green revolution important? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺨ��اء ﻣﻬﻤﺔ؟‬
A- It happened in western countries only.
B- It is a new technology to avoid over fertilization.
C- It is the use of one type of seed and fertilizers.
D- It helped end hunger in many countries.
41. How does over fertilization affect plants? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ا��ﺧﺼﺎب اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت؟‬
A- It can destroy plants.
B- It makes plants grow much faster.
C- It stops plants from absorbing water.
D- It can leave chemical remains in food.

Passage 6 (‫)اﻟﺘ��ﻳﺢ واﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺒ��ي‬

Exploring the Human Body
1) Medieval physicians relied on the works of the ancient physician Galen. Galen,
however, had made many errors, in part because he had limited knowledge of human
anatomy. During the Renaissance, physicians made new efforts to study the human
body. In 1543, Andreas Vesalius published ``The Structure of the Human Body, the first
accurate and detailed study of human anatomy. Vesalius used whatever means he
could to increase his knowledge of anatomy. He used friendships with people of
influence to get invitations to autopsies. He also autopsied bodies that he himself
obtained - counting on friends in the local government to look the other way.
2) In the early 1540s, French physician Ambroise Paré developed a new and more
effective ointment for preventing infection. He also developed new surgical techniques,
introduced the use of artificial limbs, and invented several scientific instruments. Then in
the early 1600s, William Harvey, an English scholar, described the circulation of the
blood for the first time. He showed how the heart serves as a pump to force blood
through veins and arteries. Later in the century, the Dutch inventor Anton van
Leeuwenhoek perfected the microscope and became the first human to see cells and
microorganisms. These pioneering scientists opened the way for further discoveries.

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42. What was the main reason Galen made mistakes in his writing?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� وراء أﺧﻄﺎء ﺟﺎﻟﻴﻨﻮس ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ؟‬
A- He only studied the anatomy of animals.
B- He copied the work of ancient physicians.
C- He made little effort to study human anatomy.
D- He had little information about human anatomy.
43. How was Vesalius able get dead bodies for his research?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ اﺳﺘﻄﺎع ﻓﻴﺰاﻟﻴﻮس اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺚ ��ﺑﺤﺎﺛﻪ؟‬
A- He wrote a book about anatomy.
B- He paid doctors for dead bodies to study.
C- His friends in the local government allowed him.
D- He had a very good knowledge of anatomy.
44. What is one reason new discoveries were possible after the 1600s?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ أﺳﺒﺎب ﻇﻬﻮر ا��ﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻋ��؟‬
A- Many scientists were friends and worked together.
B- Leeuwenhoek developed a better microscope.
C- Ambroise Pare opened a medical school.
D- William Harvey discovered the heart.
45. The word accurate in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ……
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "دﻗﻴﻖ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- public.
B- healthy.
C- correct.
D- famous.
46. The word introduced in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ……
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻗﺪم" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- changed.
B- broke.
C- ended.
D- began.
47. The word invented in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to …….
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﺧﺘﺮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- broke.
B- sold.
C- grew.
D- made.

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Passage 7 (‫)ﻗﻴﺎس ا��داء ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬

Measuring Economic Performance
(1) Today, it is hard to turn on the radio, watch the news on television, use the Internet,
or read the newspaper without hearing or seeing something about the economy.
Consider for just a moment the following questions:
• Are U.S. workers as productive as workers in other countries?
• Is the gross domestic product for the United States increasing or decreasing?
• What is the current balance of trade for the United States?
• Why is the unemployment rate important?
(2) The information needed to answer these questions, along with the answers to other
similar questions, is easily obtainable from many sources. More important, the answers
to these and other questions can be used to gauge the economic health of a nation.
For individuals, the health of the nation's economy often affects the amount of interest
you pay for homes, automobiles, credit card purchases, and other credit transactions.
Finally, the health of the economy can also affect your ability to get a job or the
financing you need to continue your education.
The Importance of Productivity in the Global Marketplace
(3) One way to measure a nation's economic performance is to assess its productivity.
Productivity is the average level of output per worker per hour. An increase in
productivity results in economic growth because a larger number of goods and services
are produced by a given labor force.
(4) In addition to productivity, a measure called gross domestic product can be used to
measure the economic well-being of a nation. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the
total dollar value of all goods and services produced by all people within the
boundaries of a country during a one-year period. For example, the values of
automobiles produced by employees in an American-owned General Motors plant and
a Japanese-owned Toyota plant in the United States are both included in the GDP for
the United States. The U.S. GDP was $14.3 trillion in 2009.
(5) The GDP figure facilitates comparisons between the United States and other
countries because it is the standard used in international guidelines for economic
accounting. It is also possible to compare the GDP for one nation over several different
time periods. This comparison allows observers to determine the extent to which a
nation is experiencing economic growth. For example, government experts project that
GDP will grow to $21.8 trillion by the year 2018.
(6) To make accurate comparisons of the GDP for different years, we must adjust the
dollar amounts for inflation. Inflation is a general rise in the level of prices. Deflation is a
general decrease in the level of prices. By using inflation-adjusted figures, we are able
to measure the real GDP for a nation. In effect, it is now possible to compare the
products and services produced by a nation in constant dollars-dollars that will
purchase the same amount of goods and services.
(7) In addition to GDP and real GDP, other economic measures exist that can be used to
evaluate a nation's economy. Because of the recent economic crisis, one very important
statistic that is in the news on a regular basis is the unemployment rate: The

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unemployment rate is the percentage of a nation's labor force unemployed at any time.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, when workers are unemployed, they, their
families, and the country as a whole lose. Workers and their families lose wages, and
the country loses the goods or services that could have been produced. In addition, the
purchasing power of the workers is lost, which can lead to unemployment for yet other
workers. Despite both federal and state programs to reduce the unemployment rate for
the United States, it was hovering around 10 percent at the time of publication. This is
an especially important statistic – especially if you are unemployed. The consumer price
index (CPI) is a monthly index that measures the changes in prices of a fixed basket of
goods purchased by a typical consumer in an urban area. Goods listed in the CPI
include food and beverages, transportation, housing, clothing, medical care, recreation,
education, communication, and other goods and services. Economists often use the CPI
to determine the effect of inflation on not only the nation's economy but also individual
consumers. Another monthly index is the producer price index (PPI). The PPI measures
prices that producers receive for their finished goods. Because changes in the reflect
price increases or decreases at the wholesale level, the PPI is an accurate predictor of
both changes in the CPI and prices that consumers will pay for many everyday
necessities.
48. What goods and services do people pay interest on?
A- homes and automobiles.
B- homes and medical care.
C- medical care and education.
D- recreation and communication.

Passage 7 (‫)أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺰﻧﺲ وﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ رﺑﺤﻴﺔ وﻃﺮق ادارﺗﻬﺎ‬
Corporations
1) Corporations are organizations that are created by following statutory guidelines
enacted by the state. Once incorporated, these organizations, unlike a partnership,
have a separate legal existence. A corporation is sometimes referred to as an artificial
person and even has some constitutional rights. Corporations can be formed for many
different purposes. The two main types of corporations are business corporations and
nonprofit corporations. Business corporations are formed for a business purpose-that
is, to engage in a business for the purpose of making a profit that can be distributed to
the owners of the corporation. A nonprofit corporation is formed to serve some public
purpose-often charitable, religious: or educational. Although nonprofit corporations
sometimes generate income, this income is not distributed to individual owners. It is
used by the corporation for its stated purpose.
Business Corporations
1) A business corporation is a legal entity separate from its owners. Its legal existence
does not depend on the life of its owners, and the corporation is liable for its own debts
and pays its own taxes. A corporation is formed by complying with statutory
requirements. Business corporations come in all sizes. Some may.

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2) A business corporation is a legal entity separate from its owners. Its legal existence
does not depend on the life of its owners, and the corporation is liable for its own debts
and pays its own taxes. A corporation is formed by complying with statutory
requirements. Business corporations come in all sizes. Some may have only one owner
or shareholder; others have thousands. Regardless of the size, however, certain
characteristics are the same. All corporations are formed by filing a document known as
articles or certificates of incorporation with the secretary of state of some state. Usually
this is the state in which the business is primarily operating, but it need not be.
Articles or certificates of incorporation give the corporation its legal existence. This
usually very simple document describes the name and general powers of the business.
Businesses can incorporate in one state and do business as a corporation in other
states. There may be documents they must file in these states to qualify to do business,
but they need to incorporate in only one state. When a corporation does this, it is said
to be qualified as a foreign corporation. A foreign corporation is one that does business
within a state but is not incorporated within that state.
3) Corporations are governed by a set of rules or policies known as bylaws. Bylaws are
the internal regulations for the corporation. They describe such things as the powers of
the corporation and the duties and responsibilities of the directors and officers. Bylaws
are kept at the corporate office; they are not filed with any government agency.
4) Three groups play an important role in all corporations:
shareholders, directors, and officers. Shareholders are the owners of the business. They
usually have invested money, property, or services in the business and in return they
share in profits that the business makes. Profits are usually distributed to the
shareholders in the form of dividends. When shareholders invest in the business, they
purchase a security. Even though shareholders are the owners of the business, unlike
other forms of business, these owners do not directly manage and operate the
business. Their power is usually limited to electing the directors, although they do have
the right to approve certain types of business decisions made by the directors.
Shareholders are usually required to meet at least once a year and hold a regular
meeting. Minutes of these meetings are prepared.
5) Directors or the board of directors have general management power over the
corporation. They are responsible for setting general business policies. Directors are
sometimes also shareholders. This is especially true of corporations that have only a few
shareholders. Like shareholders, the directors are required to hold a regular meeting at
least once a year. They are also allowed to hold special meetings whenever necessary.
Written minutes are always kept. Directors are not responsible for the day-to-day
operation of the business; day-to-day management is the responsibility of the officers
of the corporation. The officers are chosen by the directors.
6) Corporations have various officers. The traditional officers are president, vice
president, secretary, and treasurer. Today the president and treasurer are usually
referred to as the chief executive officer CEO) and the chief financial officer CFO),
respectively. In smaller corporations, the officers of the corporation are also
shareholders and directors.

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7) Directors and officers of corporations owe legal duties to the corporations they
represent. However, courts recognize that if directors and officers are constantly
threatened with lawsuits whenever a business suffers a loss, business will be seriously
hindered. In assessing whether directors or officers have breached their duties and are
liable for corporate losses, the courts have adopted an «independent business
judgment» rule. Under this rule a court will not second-guess the business judgment of
directors or officers absent some extraordinary situations. The rule creates a
presumption that the directors or officers have not violated their legal duties. This
presumption, however, can be overcome if a party can show that the director or officer
did not act in good faith or that there is no rational explanation for the questionable
action.
49. What are the two main types of corporations? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﺎن اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺎن ﻟﻠ��ﻛﺎت؟‬
A- non-profit and charitable corporations.
B- non-profit and business corporations.
C- business and charitable corporations.
D- profit and educational corporations.
50. Which people must meet at least once a year?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ا��ﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺠﺘﻤﻌﻮا ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ا��ﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ؟‬
A- the CEO and CFO.
B- directors and officers.
C- shareholders and officers.
D- shareholders and directors.

Passage 8 (‫)اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋ��ت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

Chemical Reactions
1) Decomposition of compounds into elements and the combination of elements to
make compounds are examples of chemical processes. Using the atomic theory, such
processes are seen as changes in the combinations of atoms. Such transformations are
called chemical reactions. The term reaction means to produce a result. A chemical
reaction is a process in which one set of chemicals is mixed and transformed into a new
set of chemicals. When charcoal, which is mostly elemental carbon, burns in air, the
process is envisioned as carbon atoms combining with diatomic oxygen molecules to
produce molecules of carbon dioxide gas.
2) As mentioned above, the law of conservation of matter expresses that atoms are not
created or destroyed in chemical processes. In other words, atoms are conserved in
chemical reactions. A reaction is a special process in which certain chemical
combinations of atoms transform into new combinations of atoms. In a reaction, the
total atom count does not change. Thus, destroying matter by chemical reactions is not
possible.
51. The word theory in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to………
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1 ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- idea.
B- style.

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C- sense.
D- equipment.
52. The word expresses in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to …….
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2 ‫"ﻳﻌﺒﺮ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
ٌ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
A- checks.
B- approves.
C- buys.
D- explains.

Passage 9 (‫)ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺟﻮا وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب ذﻟﻚ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪ��ت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
1) There's a lot more to trying to evaluate whether a particular risk is big or small than
you might think. Flying in airplanes is a case in point.
2) You'd think that you could determine the numbers and the odds and that would be
it. The annual risk of being killed in a plane crash for the average American is about 1 in
11 million. On that basis, the risk looks pretty small. Compare that, for example, to the
annual risk of being killed in a motor vehicle crash for the average American, which is
about 1 in 5,000.
3) But if you think about those numbers, problems occur right away. Some people fly
more and some fly less and some don't fly at all. So if you take the total number of
people killed in commercial plane crashes and divide that into the total population, the
result, the risk for the average American, may be a good general guide to whether the
risk is big or small, but it's not specific to your personal risk.
4) Then there is another numbers problem: You can calculate the risk of flying by
dividing the number:
1. Of people who die into the total number of people, which gives you the risk for the
average person;
2. Of victims into the number of total flights all passengers took, which gives the risk
per flight; and some don't fly at all. So if you take the total number of people killed in
commercial plane crashes and divide that into the total population, the result, the risk
for the average American, may be a good general guide to whether the risk is big or
small, but it's not specific to your personal risk.
4) Then there's another numbers problem: You can calculate the risk of flying by
dividing the number:
1. Of people who die into the total number of people, which gives you the risk for the
average person;
2. Of victims into the number of total flights all passengers took, which gives the risk
per flight;
3. Of victims into the total number of miles all of them flew, which gives you the risk per
mile.
5) They all produce accurate numbers, but which one is most relevant to you depends
on your personal flying patterns. Some fliers take lots of short flights and some take
longer ones. Since the overwhelming majority of the few plane crashes that do occur
take place in connection with takeoffs and landings, the risk is less a matter of how far

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you fly and more a matter of how often. If you are a frequent flier, then the risk per
flight means more. For occasional long-distance fliers, the risk per mile means more. A
frequent, long-distance flier would want to consider both.
53. What are two words the writer uses to mean «judge»?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﻌﻨﻲ »ﻳﺤﻜﻢ«؟‬
A- think / divide.
B- find out / take.
C- evaluate / consider.
D- compare / calculate.
54. What are two words that the writer uses to mean, «Find out»?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﻌﻨﻲ »اﻛﺘﺸﻒ«؟‬
A- think / divide.
B- take / compare.
C- produce / consider.
D- determine / calculate.
55. How is the writer's view about plane crash risk different from the general belief?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل ﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﺤﻄﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة ﻋﻦ ا��ﻋﺘﻘﺎد اﻟﻌﺎم؟‬
A- It is about 1 in 11 million.
B- It depends on national averages.
C- It depends on individual flying habits.
D- It depends on the condition of the plane.
56. According to the passage, which of the following is a fact about most plane
crashes?
‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺣﻮادث ﺗﺤﻄﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات؟‬،‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
A- They happen during takeoff and landing.
B- They happen during takeoff and mid-flight.
C- They happen mid-flight and during landing.
D- They happen during medium- and long -distance flights.
57. What can we understand from the passage about airplane crashes?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻮادث اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات؟‬
A- the risk of being killed is biggest in private plane crashes.
B- the risk of crashing is smallest for the average American.
C- the risk of being killed is biggest in commercial plane crashes.
D- the risk of crashing is biggest for frequent, long-distance fliers.

Passage 10 (‫)اﻟﺘﺬوق واﻟﺸﻢ‬

Passage A: Taste
1) Our sense of taste involves four basic sensations - sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All
other tastes are mixtures of these. Investigators have, however, been frustrated in their
search for specialized nerve fibers for each of the four basic taste sensations.
2) Taste is a chemical sense. Inside the little bumps on the top and sides of your tongue
are 200 or more taste buds. Each contains a pore that catches food chemicals. These
molecules are sensed by 50 taste receptor cells that project antenna-like hairs into the

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pore. Some of these receptors respond mostly to sweet-tasting molecules, others to

salty, sour, or bitter - tasting ones.
3) Although taste buds are essential for taste, there is more to taste than meets the
tongue. Hold your nose, close your eyes, and have someone feed you various foods. A
piece of apple may then be indistinguishable from a piece of raw potato; a piece of
steak may taste like cardboard. To savor a taste, we normally breathe the aroma
through our nose-which is why eating is not much fun when you have a bad cold, and
why people who lose their sense of smell may think they have also lost their sense of
taste. Smell not only adds to our perception of taste, it also changes it. A drink's
strawberry odor enhances our perception of its sweetness. This is sensory interaction at
work, the principle that one sense may influence another. Smell plus taste equals flavor.
Passage B: Smell
1) Breaths come in pairs-inhale, exhale-except at two moments: birth and death. Each
day, as you inhale and exhale nearly 20,000 breaths of life sustaining air, you bathe
your nostrils in a stream of molecules full of scents.
2) Like taste, smell is a chemical sense. We smell something when air-carried molecules
of a substance reach a tiny cluster of 5 million receptor cells at the top of each nasal
cavity. These olfactory receptor cells respond selectively to the aroma of cake baking, to
a wisp of smoke, to a friend's fragrance, and they instantly alert the brain through their
axon fibers.
3) Even nursing infants and mothers have a literal chemistry to their relationship, as
they quickly learn to recognize each other's scents. Aided by smell, a mother fur seal
returning to a beach crowded with pups will find her own. Our own sense of smell is
less impressive than the acuteness of our seeing and hearing. Looking out across a
garden we see its forms and colors in exquisite detail and hear its singing birds, yet
smell little of it without jamming our nose into the flowers.
4) Precisely how olfactory receptors work is a mystery. Unlike light, which can be
separated into its spectral colors, an odor cannot be separated into more elemental
odors. Thus, the olfaction system has no parallel to the retina, which detects myriad
colors with sensory cells dedicated to red, green, or blue. Olfactory receptors recognize
odors individually.
58. What can we understand from Passages A and B about both taste and smell?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ )أ( و )ب( ﺣﻮل ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﻢ واﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ؟‬
A- They are more impressive than hearing.
B- They both involve the use of receptor cells.
C- They both involve olfactory receptor systems.
D- They both enhance the work of our other senses.
59. What do the passages say about the receptor cells involved in taste and smell?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨ��ﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬوق واﻟﺸﻢ؟‬
A- Taste and smell require the use of at least 50 receptors.
B- Taste and smell involve the use of 5 million receptor cells.
C- Both the nose and the tongue have the same number of receptor cells.
D- The receptor cells involved in smell are a lot more than those involved in taste.

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60. According to the passages, why are taste and smell important for us to enjoy food?
‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﺬوق واﻟﺸﻢ ﻣﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻟ��ﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎم؟‬، ‫ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
A- There is more to taste than meets the tongue.
B- Both senses interact to create flavors.
C- Both senses have sense receptors.
D- Both are chemical senses.

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Model 18
Passage 1 (‫ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ‬
Growth of Public Education
(1) By the early 1800s, reformers persuaded many governments to set up public schools
and require basic education for all children. Teaching «the three Rs» – reading, writing
and arithmetic – was thought to produce better citizens. In addition, industrialized
societies recognized the need for a literate workforce. Schools taught punctuality,
obedience to authority. disciplined work habits, and patriotism. In European schools.
children also received basic religious education.
Public Education Improves
(2) At first, elementary schools were primitive. Many teachers had little schooling
themselves. In rural areas, students attended schools only during the times when they
were not needed on the farm or in their parents' shops.
(3) By the late 1880s, more and more children were in school, and the quality of
elementary education improved. Teachers received training at Normal here the latest
'norms and standards' of educational practices were taught. Beginning in 1879, schools
to train teachers were established in France. In England, schooling girls and boys
between the ages of five and ten became compulsory after 1881. Also, governments
began to expand secondary schools, known as high schools in the United States. In
secondary school, students learned the classical languages Latin and Greek, along with
history and mathematics.
(4) In general, only middle-class families could afford to have their sons attend these
schools, which trained students for more serious study or for government jobs. Middle-
class girls were sent to school primarily in the hope that they might marry well and
become better wives and mothers. Education for girls did not include subjects such as
science, mathematics. Or physical education because they were not seen as necessary
subjects for girls to learn.
Higher Education Expands
(5) Colleges and universities expanded in this period, too. Most university students were
the sons of middle-or upper-class families. The university curriculum emphasized
ancient history and languages, philosophy, religion and law. By the late 1800s,
universities added courses in the sciences, especially in chemistry and physics at the
same time, engineering schools trained students who would have the knowledge and
skills to build the new industrial society.
(6) Some women sought greater educational opportunities. By the 1840s, a few small
colleges for women opened, including Bedford College in England and Mount Holyoke
in the United States. In 1863, the British reformer Emily Davies campaigned for female
students to be allowed to take the entrance examinations for Cambridge University. She
succeeded, but as late as 1897, male Cambridge students rioted against granting
degrees to women.

21. In 1879, where did schools to train teachers start?

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‫ ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﻤﺪارس ﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ؟‬، 1879 ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬

A- England
B- France
C- United States
D- Greece
22. Where is Mount Holyoke College for Women? ‫أﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺎوﻧﺖ ﻫﻮﻟﻴﻮك ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎت؟‬
A- England
B- United States
C- France
D- Greece
23. What university course was added to the curriculum by the late 1800s?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺖ إﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺪرا�� ﻓﻲ أواﺧﺮ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋ��؟‬
A- chemistry
B- mathematics
C- religion
D- physical education

Passage 2 (‫)ا��ﺻﻮل واﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬

Historical Origins of Law
(1) The origins and development of laves and legal systems are for the most part based
on the actions of government and religion. In many societies, governments and religion
are largely intertwined and their laws reflect this. Because of differences in beliefs and
values, laws vary widely from one society to another. However, historically only two
major types of legal systems developed, civil law systems and common law. The term
civil law as used to describe a legal system refers to a system based primarily on written
constitutions and written laws or codes. In such legal systems, a ruler of legislative body
creates an extensive set of rules or regulations to govern. The role of courts in such
systems is limited. Common law systems, on the other hand, are based on precedent or
case law.
(2) Civil law jurisdictions, the more common in the world today, date back thousands of
years. One of the most famous examples was the Babylonian Empire, a society ruled by
a law known as the code of Hammurabi. The code was named after the ruler of the
time and dates back to approximately 1760 BCE.
(3) Common law systems are those based on the concept of precedent. In this type of
system, laws originate from decisions of courts rather than legislative bodies. Originally.
decisions were based on tradition and custom. but eventually decisions were based on
precedent. Precedent requires courts to follow decisions of earlier courts. Common law
originated with Medieval England and is found in many countries once occupied by
Great Britain.

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24. What is the writer's main purpose in the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
A- to argue
B- to explain
C- to raise interest
D- to provide entertainment
25. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
A- All former British colonies have adopted Britain's legal system
B- Common law is based on tradition and custom
C- Courts of law play different roles in civil and common law systems
D- Babylon is an early example of common law

Passage 3 ( ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ وﻫﺠﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﺪن ورﺟﺎل ا��ﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻣﺒﺮاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ‬

‫)اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
Industrialization: migrant workers and entrepreneurs
(1) Britain's Industrial Revolution brought such wealth and power that Britain became
the world's superpower. This depended both on shipping routes and the factory
system. Factories all over the country, but especially the cotton mills in the north of
England, needed large numbers of workers. Pushed by poverty and pulled by the
chance of work in growing cities such as Manchester, whole families left the English,
Scottish. Welsh and Irish countryside where they had lived for generations. This mass
internal migration took place alongside migration from other parts of Europe, notably
Italy.
(2) As cities grew. hundreds of thousands of people became part of an industrial
workforce. Workers organized themselves into trade unions and a labor movement that
pressed for social and political change. Demands for higher wages and better living
conditions were often led by migrant workers.
(3) Industrial Britain offered business opportunities too. During the 19th century, the
growing urban population offered an opportunity for people setting up small
businesses dealing in popular items such as street food, clothing or household goods.
Britain also attracted entrepreneurs from overseas who believed their ideas and
business ventures might succeed in the most technologically advanced country in
Europe.
(4) Many migrants settled in areas of cities where they could be close to others who
shared their culture and language. This made it easier to find work and
accommodation, socialize, shop and generally survive in a new city. Certain areas of
cities became identified with particular groups. for example, the Irish in the Scotland
Road area of Liverpool.

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26. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?

‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- Britain's Industrial Revolution brought such wealth and power that Britain became
the world's superpower.
B- This depended both on shipping routes and the factory system.
C- Factories all over the country, but especially the cotton mills in the north of England,
needed large numbers of workers.
D- Pushed by poverty and pulled by the chance of work in growing cities such as
Manchester, whole families left the English. Scottish Welsh and Irish countryside where
they had lived for generations.
27. What does Paragraph (2) say about the workers during Britain's Industrial
Revolution?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- They had little power
B- They worked in difficult factory jobs
C- They included few workers from other countries
D- They fought for improved working and living situations
28. What does Paragraph (1) say about Britain's Industrial Revolution?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- It made England into the strongest country in the world
B- It increased the number of people living in the countryside
C- It caused many people around the country to lose their homes
D- It increased poverty in different parts of Europe, such as Italy.
29. What does Paragraph (3) say about new business opportunities in Industrial Britain?
‫( ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮص اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- There were very little new business opportunities
B- There was too much competition from foreign businesses
C- They were only available to the rich and powerful citizens of the country
D- They increased because there were many people and new technology in Britain
30. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮه اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A- Britain's Industrial Revolution had a strong effect on labor movements across Europe
B- Britain's Industrial Revolution caused the cities of Manchester and Liverpool to grow
quickly
C- Britain's Industrial Revolution completely changed the country's economy and global
position
D- Britain's Industrial Revolution created more competition from countries, such as
America and Germany.
Passage 4 (‫)اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬
Kinetic Energy
(1) The first theory about how a hot object differs from a cold object was formed in the
18th century. The suggested explanation was that when an object was heated, an
invisible fluid called «caloric» was added to the object. Hot objects contain more

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calories than cold objects. The caloric theory could explain some observations about
heated objects (such as the fact that objects expanded as they were heated) but could
not explain others (such as why your hands got warm when you rub them together).
(2) In the mid-19th century. scientists devised a new theory to explain heat. The new
theory was based on the assumption that matter is made up of tiny particles that are
always in motion. In a hot object, the particles move faster and therefore have greater
kinetic energy. The theory is called the kinetic-molecular theory and is the accepted
theory of heat. Just as a baseball has a certain amount of kinetic energy due to its mass
and velocity, each molecule has a certain amount of kinetic energy due to its mass and
velocity. Adding up the kinetic energy of all the molecules in an object yields the
thermal energy of the object.
(3) When a hot object and a cold object touch each other, the molecules of the objects
collide along the surface where they touch. When higher kinetic energy molecules
collide with lower kinetic energy molecules. kinetic energy is passed from the molecules
with more kinetic energy to those with less kinetic energy.
31. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A- We need best to travel space
B- The way heat makes things bigger
C- How hot objects are stronger than cold
D- Two theories about hot and cold objects
32. What is one important idea related to the new theory of heat in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- Hot things have more kinetic energy
B- Scientists based it on an assumption
C- It used a baseball as an example
D- It was the second theory
33. What is one important idea related to the «caloric» theory in Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ »اﻟﺴﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ« ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- There was more caloric in cold things
B- It only explained one observation
C- An invisible fluid caused heat
D- It was the only good theory
34. Why does the writer mention that not objects expanded?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ا��ﺷﻴﺎء؟‬
A- To show what scientists believed in the 18th century
B- To show something scientists could explain
C- To show what happens to heated objects
D- To show the caloric theory

Passage 5 (‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺴﻮﻓﻴﻴﺖ وﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ وﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ أﻋﻮام‬

Modernizing Industry in the USSR: The Five-Year Plans
(1) Stalin set about achieving modernization of the Soviet economy through a series of
Five-Year Plans. These plans were drawn up by GOSPLAN, the state planning

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organization that Lenin had set up in 1921. It set ambitious targets for production in the
important heavy industries (coal, iron, oil, electricity).
(2) The first Five-Year Plan focused on the major industries and although most targets
were not met, the achievements were still amazing. The USSR increased production and
created a foundation on which to build the next Five-Year Plans. The USSR was rich in
natural resources, but many of them were in remote places such as Siberia. So whole
cities were built from nothing and workers taken out to the new industrial centers.
Foreign observers marveled as huge new steel mills appeared at Magnitogorsk in the
Urals and Sverdlovsk in central Siberia.
(3) The second Five-Year Plan (1933-37) built on the achievements of the first. Mining
for lead, tin, zinc and other minerals increased as Stalin further exploited Siberia's rich
mineral resources. Transport and communications were also boosted, and new railways
and canals were built. The most spectacular showpiece project was the Moscow
underground railway.
(4) Stalin also wanted industrialization to help improve Russia's agriculture. The
production of tractors and other farm machinery increased dramatically. In the third
Five-Year Plan, which was begun in 1938. some factories were to switch to the
production of consumer goods. However, this plan was disrupted by the Second World
War.
35. How does the writer feel about the Moscow underground railway?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺠﺎه ﻗﻄﺎر ا��ﻧﻔﺎق ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ؟‬
A- It was shocking
B- It was strange
C- It was ugly
D- It was amazing
36. How did Stalin solve the problem that Siberia is a far place?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﻞ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ أن ﺳﻴﺒﻴﺮﻳﺎ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﻌﻴﺪ؟‬
A- Stalin improved the agriculture
B- Stalin built new industrial centers
C- Stalin made new laws for workers
D- Stalin increased farm machinery
37. Which word can we use to replace So in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- meanwhile
B- therefore
C- particularly
D- besides
38. What does the passage say about Stalin? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﻟﻴﻦ؟‬
A- Stalin made factories produce consumer goods
B- Stalin set up GOSPLAN, the state planning organization
C- Stalin aimed to modernize the Soviet economy
D- Stalin achieved the targets of the first five-year plan

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Passage 6 Friction (‫)ا��ﺣﺘﻜﺎك وﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ اﻟﺜﺒﺎت واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬

(1) In general, smooth surfaces produce less friction than rough surfaces. The strength
of the force of friction depends on two factors: how hard the surfaces push together
and the types of surfaces involved. Friction also increases if surfaces push hard against
each other. If you rub your hands together forcefully, there is more friction than if you
rub them together lightly.
(2) Even the smoothest objects have irregular, bumpy Surfaces. When the irregularities
of one surface come into contact with those of another surface, friction occurs. Friction
acts in a direction opposite to the direction of the object's motion. Without friction, a
moving object might not stop until it strikes another object.
Static Fiction
(3) The friction that acts on objects that are not moving is called static friction. Because
of static friction, you must use extra force to start the motion of stationary objects. For
example, think about what happens when you try to push a heavy desk across a floor. If
you push on the desk with a force less than the force of static friction between the desk
and the floor, the desk will not move.
Rolling Fiction
(4) When an object rolls across a surface, rolling friction occurs. This type of friction is
important to engineers who design certain products. For example, skates, skateboards,
and bicycles need wheels that move freely. So, engineers use ball bearings to reduce
the friction between the wheels and the rest of the product. These ball bearings are
small, smooth steel balls that reduce friction by rolling between moving parts.
39. The word produce in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ إﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- needmo
B- use
C- push
D- make
40. The word increases in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……
............ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ زﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- grows
B- stops
C- starts
D- moves
41. What happens because of rubbing two surfaces against each other?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺤﺪث ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﺳﻄﺤﻴﻦ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ؟‬
A- stop
B- force
C- friction
D- movement
42. What does the use of extra force with stationary objects lead to?
‫إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺆدي اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻣﻊ ا��ﺟﺴﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ؟‬
A- friction

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B- nothing
C- motion
D- rolling friction
Passage 7 (‫)رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺎﻓﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس‬

4
3. How many people traveled for leisure? ‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ا��ﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻓﺮوا ﻟﻘﻀﺎء وﻗﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ؟‬
A- 22.5 percent
B- 30 percent
C- 30 people
D- 300 people

Passage 8 (‫)اﻟﻴﻮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎت‬
Wikis
(1) A wiki is a Web site anyone can edit directly within a Web browser (provided the site
grants the user edit access). Wikis derive their name from the Hawaiian word for «quick».
Ward Cunningham, the «wiki father» named this new class of software with the title in
honor of the wiki-wiki shuttle bus at the Honolulu airport. Wikis can indeed be one of the
speediest ways to collaboratively create content online. Many popular online wikis serve
as a shared knowledge repository in some domains.
(2) The largest and most popular wiki is Wikipedia, but there are hundreds of publicly
accessible wikis that anyone can participate in. Each attempt to record a world of
knowledge within a particular domain. But wikis can be used for any collaborative effort
– from meeting planning to project management. And in addition to the hundreds of
public wikis, there are many thousand more that are hidden away behind firewalls, used
as trademarked internal tools for organizational collaboration.
(3) Like blogs, the value of a wiki derives from both technical and social features. The
technology makes it easy to create, edit, and refine content; learn when content has been
changed, how and by whom; and to change content back to a prior state. But it is the
social motivations of individuals (to make a contribution, to share knowledge) that allow

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these features to be harnessed. The larger and more active a wiki community, the more
likely it is that content will be up to-date and that errors will be quickly corrected. Several
studies have shown that large community wiki entries are as or more accurate than
professional publication counterparts.
(4) Went to add to or edit a wiki entry? On most sites you just click the «Edit» link. Wikis
support what you see is what you get editing that, while not as robust as traditional word
processors, is still easy enough for most users to grasp without training or knowledge of
obscure code or markup language. Users can make changes to existing content and can
easily create new pages or articles and link them to other pages in the wiki. Wikis also
provide a version history. Click the «History» link on Wikipedia, for example, and you can
see when edits were made and by whom. This feature allows the community to roll back
a wiki to a prior page, in the event that someone accidentally deletes key information, or
intentionally ruins a page.
(5) Vandalism is a problem on Wikipedia, but it's more of a nuisance than a crisis. A Wired
article chronicled how Wikipedia's entry for former U.S. President Jimmy Carter was
regularly replaced by a photo of a scruffy woman. random unshaven man. Nasty and
inappropriate. to be sure, but the Wikipedia editorial community is now so large and so
vigilant that most vandalism is caught and corrected within seconds. Watch-lists for the
most active targets (say the web pages of political figures or controversial topics) tip off
the community when changes are made.
(6) Wikis are available both as software (commercial as well as open-source varieties) that
firms can install on their own computers or as online services (both subscription or ad-
supported) where content is hosted off-site by third parties. Since wikis can be started
without the oversight or involvement of a firm's IT department, their appearance in
organizations often comes from grassroots user initiative. Many wiki services offer
additional tools such as blogs, message boards, or spreadsheets as part of their feature
set. making most wikis really more full-featured platforms for social computing.
Examples of Wiki Use
(7) Wikis can be vital tools for collecting and leveraging knowledge that would otherwise
be scattered throughout an organization: reducing geographic distance and removing
boundaries between functional areas. Companies have used wikis in a number of ways:
• At Pixar, all product meetings have an associated wiki to improve productivity. The
online agenda ensures that all attendees can arrive knowing the topics and issues to be
covered. Anyone attending
training for new hires. Six months after launch, wiki use had surpassed activity on the
firm's established intranet Wikis are also credited with helping to reduce Dresdner e-mail
traffic by 75 percent.
• Sony's PlayStation team uses wikis to regularly maintain one-page overviews on the
status of various projects. In this way, legal, marketing, and finance staff can get quick,
up-to-date status reports on relevant projects, including the latest projected deadlines,
action items, and benchmark progress. Strong security measures are enforced that limit
access to only those who must be in the know, since the overviews often discuss products
that have not been released.

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• ABC and CBS have created public wikis for the television programs Lost, The Amazing
Race, and CSI, among others, offering an outlet for fans, and a way for new viewers to
catch up on character backgrounds and complex plot lines.
• Executive Travel, owned by American Express Publishing, has created a travel wiki for
its more than one hundred and thirty thousand readers with the goal of creating what it
refers to as «a digital mosaic that in theory is more authoritative, comprehensive, and
useful» than comments on a Web site and far more up-to-date than any paper-based
travel guide.
44. What are two important features that wiki pages provide users?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﺘﺎن اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺘﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﻮﻳﻜﻴﺒﺪﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ؟‬
A- Pages and articles features
B- Edit and history link features
C- Full platforms and social computing features
D- Meeting planning and trademark tools features
45. What are three additional features wiki services provide to their users?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﺜ��ث ا��ﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻮﻳﻜﻴﺒﺪﻳﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻬﺎ؟‬
A- Legal, marketing, and finance services
B- Blogs, message boards, and spreadsheets
C- Reviews, character backgrounds, and complex plot lines
D- Political figures, controversial topics, and mischief makers
46. Which two companies have used Wikis? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟ��ﻛﺘﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺘﺎ اﻟﻮﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ؟‬
A- ABC and CSI
B- Lost and CBS
C- Disney and Sony
D- Pixar and Dresdner

Passage 9 (‫ )اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬Simple Distillation

(1) Simple distillation is a procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points
can be isolated. It can be used effectively to isolate liquids that have at least fifty
degrees difference in their boiling points. If we want to obtain the solvent from a
solution, then this process of distillation can be carried out.
(2) Water can be obtained from salt water using this method. The solution is heated in
the flask until it boils. The steam rises into the Liebig condenser, where it condenses
back into water. The salt is left behind in the flask. In hot and arid countries such as
Saudi Arabia this sort of technique is used on a much larger scale to obtain pure water
for drinking. This process is carried out in a desalination plant.
47. The word Isolate in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋﺰل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- contain
B- separate
C- maintain
D- combine

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48. The word carried out in Paragraph (2) are closest in meaning to ……
...... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻔﺬت" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- considered
B- performed
C- attempted
D- proposed

Passage 10 (‫)اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺎت وا��ﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬

Preserving Habitats and Ecosystems
(1) The main thrust of global conservation efforts today is to protect not just individual
species but entire ecosystems. The goal is to preserve the natural interactions of many
species. To that end, governments and conservation groups work to set aside land as
parks and reserves. The United States has national parks, forests, and other protected
areas. Marine sanctuaries are being created to protect coral reefs and marine
mammals.
(2) The challenge is protecting areas that are large enough and that contain the right
resources to protect biodiversity. To make sure that conservation efforts are
concentrated in the most important places. conservation biologists have identified
ecological hotspots'. An ecological hotspot is a place where significant numbers of
species and habitats are in immediate danger of extinction. By identifying these areas,
ecologists hope that scientists and governments can better target their efforts to save
as many species as possible.

49. The word thrust in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……

............‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻴﻪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A- intention
B- judgment
C- guarantee
D- circumstance
50. The word extinction in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……
.......‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻧﻘﺮاض" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- suffering
B- destruction
C- separation
D- departure
51. The word concentrated in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……
........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺰ" ﻓﻲ" اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- balanced
B- identified
C- appreciated
D- emphasized

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Passage 11
Chemical Reactions
(1) Decomposition of compounds into elements and the combination of elements to
make compounds are examples of chemical processes. Using the atomic theory, such
processes are seen as changes in the combinations of atoms. Such transformations are
called chemical reactions. The term reaction means to produce a result. A chemical
reaction is a process in which one set of chemicals is mixed and transformed into a new
set of chemicals. When charcoal, which is mostly elemental carbon, burns in air, the
process is envisioned as carbon atoms combining with diatomic oxygen molecules to
produce molecules of carbon dioxide gas.
(2) As mentioned above, the law of conservation of matter expresses that atoms are not
created or destroyed in chemical processes. In other words, atoms are conserved in
chemical reactions. A reaction is a special process in which certain chemical
combinations of atoms transform into new combinations of atoms. In a reaction, the
total atom count does not change. Thus, destroying matter by chemical reactions is not
possible.
52. The word theory in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………….
.........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
(A) Idea
(B) Style
(C) Sense
(D) Equipment
53. The word expresses in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………….
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻌﺒﺮ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
(A) checks
(B) approves
(C) buys
(D) explains

Passage 12 Photosynthesis

(1) All living organisms need food. They need it as a source of raw materials to build
new cells and tissues as they grow. They also need food as a source of energy. Food is
a kind of 'fuel' that drives essential living processes and brings about chemical changes.
Animals take in food, digest it and use the digested products to build their tissues or to
produce energy.
(2) Plants also need energy and raw materials but, apart from a few insect eating
species, plants do not appear to take in food. The most likely source of their raw
materials would appear to be the soil. However, experiments show that the weight
gained by a growing plant is far greater than the weight lost by the soil it is growing in.
So, there must be additional sources of raw materials.

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(3) Jean-Baptiste van Helmont was a Dutch scientist working in the 17th century. At that
time very little was known about the process of photosynthesis. He carried out an
experiment using a willow shoot. He planted the shoot in a container with 90.8 kg of
dry soil and placed a metal grill over the soil to prevent any accidental gain or loss of
mass. He left the shoot for 5 years in an open yard, providing it with only rainwater and
distilled water for growth. After 5 years he reweighed the tree and the soil and came to
the conclusion that the increase in mass of the tree (74.7 kg) was due entirely to the
water it had received. However, he was unaware that plants also take in mineral salts
and carbon dioxide, or that they use light as a source of energy.

54. How is the author's view of "increase in mass" in trees different from the Dutch
scientist, Helmont's view? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻋﻦ "زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ" ﻓﻲ ا��ﺷﺠﺎر ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﻴﻠﻤﻮﻧﺖ؟‬، ‫وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪي‬
(A) It is due entirely to the water they receive.
(B) It is due to the water, air, and soil they receive.
(C) It is due to the water, minerals, carbon dionxide, and sun light.
(D) It is due to a healthy soil, enough water, enough minerals and air.
55. What word other than food does the writer use to talk about the need of all living
things? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺨ��ف اﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) cell
(B) fuel
(C) material
(D) process
56. What can we understand from the passage about the source of food hypothesis?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺣﻮل ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻐﺬاء؟‬
(A) Food comes from only carbohydrates and carbon.
(B) Food comes from three different sources.
(C) Food comes from more than four sources.
(D) Food comes from nitrogen and sulfur.
57. What can we understand from Paragraph (3) about Helmont's experiment?
‫( ﻋﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻫﻴﻠﻤﻮﻧﺖ؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It failed because it used dry soil.
(B) It succeeded because it used only rainwater for 5 years.
(C) It failed because it did not pay attention to all things plants need.
(D) It failed because it happened a long time ago before photosynthesis was even
known.

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Passage 13
Passage A: External Recruiting

(1) External recruiting is the attempt to attract job applicants from outside an
organization. External recruiting may include recruiting via newspaper advertising,
employment agencies, and online employment organizations; recruiting on college
campuses, soliciting recommendations from present employees; and conducting «open
houses». The biggest of the online job-search sites is Monster.com, which has almost all
the Fortune 500 companies, as well as small and medium-sized businesses, as clients. In
addition, many people simply apply at a firm's employment office.
(2) Clearly, it is best to match the recruiting means with the kind of applicant being
sought. For example, private employment agencies most often handle professional
people, whereas public employment agencies (operated by state or local governments)
are more concerned with operations personnel. We might approach a private agency
when looking for a vice president but contact a public agency to hire a machinist.
Procter and Gamble hires graduates directly out of college. It picks the best and
brightest – not those «tainted» by another company's culture. It promotes its own
«inside» people. This policy makes sure that the company retains the best and brightest
and trains new recruits. Procter and Gamble pays competitively and offers positions in
many countries. Employee turnover is very low.
(3) The primary advantage of external recruiting is that it brings in people with new
perspectives and varied business backgrounds. A disadvantage of external recruiting is
that it is often expensive, especially if private employment agencies must be used.
External recruiting also may provoke resentment among present employees.
Passage B: Internal Recruiting
(1) Internal recruiting means considering present employees. Among leading companies
promoted from within. In the companies that hire CEOs from outside, 40 percent of
CEOs are gone after 18 months.
(2) Promoting from within provides strong motivation for current employees and helps
the firm to retain quality personnel. General Electric, ExxonMobil, and Eastman Kodak
are companies dedicated to promoting from within. The practice of job posting, or
informing current employees of upcoming openings, may be a company policy or
required by union contract. The primary disadvantage of internal recruiting is that
promoting a current employee leaves another position to be filled. Not only does the
firm still incur recruiting and selection costs, but it also must train two employees
instead of one.
(3) In many situations it may be impossible to recruit internally. For example, a new
position may be such that no current employee is qualified, or the firm may be growing
so rapidly that there is no time to reassign positions that promotion or transfer
requires. Unions are culturally specific to countries other than Saudi Arabia, so test
takers may not be familiar with «union contract».

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58. According to Passages A and B what is the benefit of promoting within a company?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﺘﺮوﻳﺞ داﺧﻞ اﻟ��ﻛﺔ وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ )أ( و )ب(؟‬
(A) It helps companies retain the best employees.
(B) It leaves other positions to be filled.
(C) It increases employee turnover.
(D) It is not expensive.
59. What can we understand from Passages A and B about promoting employees?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﺑﺸﺄن ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻴﻦ؟‬
(A) 40% of CEOs are promoted from within.
(B) Companies set policies for hiring their own employees.
(C) A transfer to a position at the same level is not allowed.
(D) Employees promoted from within usually leave after 18 months.
60. What can we understand from both passages about internal and external
recruiting? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛ�� اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ؟‬
(A) They both require the use of employment agencies.
(B) They both require companies to pay high salaries.
(C) They both involve training employees.
(D) They both provide opportunities to work in other countries.

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Model 19
Passage 1 (‫) اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ واﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺘﺠﺮﺑﺘﻬﺎ وﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻬﺎ‬
Free Software
Freeware
(1) Freeware is software a user can download from the internet free of charge. Once it
has been downloaded. there are no fees associated with using the software (examples
include: Adobe, Skype or media players). Unlike free software, freeware is subject to
copyright laws and users are often requested to tick a box to say they understand and
agree to the terms and conditions governing the software. This basically means that a
user is not allowed to study or modify the source code in any way.
Shareware
(2) In this case, users are allowed to try out some software free of charge for a trial
period. At the end of the trial period, the author of the software will request that you
pay a fee if you like it. Once the fee is paid. a user is registered with the originator of
the software and free updates and help are then provided. Very often, the trial version
of the software is missing some of the features found in the full version, and these don't
become available until the fee is paid. Obviously, this type of software is fully protected
by copyright laws and a user must make sure they don't use the source code in any of
their own software. Permission needs to be obtained before this software is copied and
given to friends. family or colleagues.
21. What does Paragraph (1) say about freeware? ‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
A- It has source code that can be changed.
B- It has rules that users must follow.
C- It is necessary to update it often.
D- It is similar to free software.
22. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
А- Freeware is software a user can download from the internet free of charge.
B- Once it has been downloaded, there are no fees associated with using the software
(examples include: Adobe, Skype or media players).
C- Unlike free software, freeware is subject to copyright laws and users are often
requested to tick a box to say they understand and agree to the terms and conditions
governing the software.
D- This basically means that a user is not allowed to study or modify the source code in
any way.
23. What does Paragraph (2) say about shareware's trial period?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- You can change the source code.
B- You can share it with friends and family.
C- You can use all of the software's features.
D- You can use the software for a limited time.

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24. Which of the following statements about shareware Paragraph (2) support?
‫(؟‬2) ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻛﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮي ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- Users can try it before buying it.
B- Users can share it easily with anyone.
C- Users can download it on their phones.
D- Users can create their own software.

Passage 2 (‫)ا��ﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺠ��دﻳﺶ‬

Sustainability in Bangladesh
(1) If small, largely urbanized countries such as Singapore and small island states such as
the Maldives are not considered, then Bangladesh has the highest population density in
the world. At 1,062 people per km2 its population density is about twenty times the global
average. It compares with 383 per km2 in India and 141 per km2 in China – two countries
that many people associate with over – population. Over – population cannot be judged
by population density alone, but it is a useful starting point when considering the
relationship between population and resources in a country.
(2) The lack of natural resources is a major factor in over – population in Bangladesh, as
is rapid population growth. The current rate of natural increase in Bangladesh is 1.6 per
cent. When Bangladesh became an independent country in 1971 its population was about
75 million, just under half of the total today! The Population Reference Bureau estimates
that the population of Bangladesh will rise to 183 million by 2025 and 226 million by
2050. There is already intense competition for the available resources in Bangladesh. How
will the country cope in the future when it is already experiencing large-scale poverty and
so many other problems?
(3) Extremely high population pressure and the deprivation associated with it is
characteristic of both rural and urban areas. Four – fifths of the population live in rural
areas. The very small amount of cultivable land per person has resulted in a very high
level of rural poverty. Most families have to survive on extremely small plots of land. This
means that there is not enough work available for many people. About 40 per cent of
the population is underemployed, working a limited number of hours a week at low
wages. Underemployment is not just confined to the countryside, but affects urban areas
too.
(4) The regular threat of cyclones and flooding makes this problem much worse. Eighty
per cent of the country is situated on the floodplains of the Ganges, Brahmaputra,
Meghna and those of several other minor rivers. Much of the country is close to sea level
and about 40 per cent is regularly flooded during the monsoon season. Major floods can
cause considerable loss of life and destroy vital infrastructure, often setting back
development for many years. Where possible, people move to higher land, increasing
the already overcrowded nature of such areas. Major floods increase the level of rural -
to- urban migration, with the majority of migrants heading for the capital city Dhaka.
Other urban areas such as Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi are also growing in
population at very rapid rates. Around 8,000 hectares of cultivable land is lost every year

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due to urbanization, industrialization and the expansion of infrastructure. This is potential

food production that Bangladesh can ill afford to lose.
(5) Living conditions in Dhaka and the other main urban areas are in a continuous state
of deterioration. Many people lack basic amenities such as electricity and clean drinking
water. Dhaka has become one of the most crowded cities in the world with a population
density of 43,000 per km2. This rapidly growing megacity was recently ranked as the least
habitable city among 140 cities surveyed by the Economist Intelligence Unit. The 2012
Human Development Index, which ranks all the countries of the world according to their
quality of life, placed Bangladesh 146th in the world.
(6) Land is being lost to rising sea levels, a process associated with global warming. The
United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted that as sea
levels rise, by 2050 about 35 million people from Bangladesh will cross the border into
India in search of more secure living conditions.
(7) Poor governance and corruption have undoubtedly hindered development in
Bangladesh. However, national and international efforts to improve the lives of the
population have registered progress. For example, The World Bank noted in 2013 that
the number of people in poverty in Bangladesh had fallen from 63 million in 2000 to 47
million in 2010.
25. What is the population density of Bangladesh? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﻐ��دﻳﺶ؟‬
A- 383 per km2
B- 1,062 per km2
C- 147,000 per km2
D- 244,000 per km2
26. How much of the population lives in rural areas?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ؟‬
A- four – fifths
B- two – thirds
C- 40 percent
D- 1.6 percent
27. Which organization noted the number of people in poverty in Bangladesh?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ��ﺣﻈﺖ ﻋﺪد ا��ﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻐ��دﻳﺶ؟‬
A- Human Development Index
B- Economic Intelligence Unit
C- The United Nations
D- The World Bank

Passage 3 (‫ )ا��ﺳﺘﻴﺮاد واﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ‬Importing and Exporting

(1) The history of importing and exporting dates back to the Roman Empire, when
European and Asian traders imported and exported goods across the vast lands of
Eurasia. Trading along the Silk Road flourished during the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries. Caravans filled with imports from China and India came over the desert to
Constantinople and Alexandria. From there, Italian ships transported the goods to
European ports.

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(2) For centuries, importing and exporting has often involved middlemen, due in part to
the long distances traveled and different native languages spoken. The spice trade of
the 1400s was no exception. Spices were very much in demand because Europeans had
no refrigeration, which meant they had to preserve meat using large amounts of salt or
risk eating half-rotten flesh. Spices disguised the otherwise poor flavor of the meat.
Europeans also used spices as medicines. The European demand for spices gave rise to
the spice trade. The trouble was that spices were difficult to obtain because they grew
in jungles half a world away from Europe. The overland journey to the spice-rich lands
was difficult and involved many middlemen along the way. Each middleman charged a
fee and thus raised the price of the spice at each point. By the end of the journey, the
price of the spice was inflated 1,000 percent.

28. Why did the writer write this passage? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A- to entertain
B-to persuade
C- to explain
D- to give an example
29. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
A- People used salt to preserve meat.
B- People make a lot of money in trade.
C- Europeans used spices as medicines.
D- Spices were in great demand in Europe.

Passage 4 (‫)اﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬
(1) During the French Revolutionary Wars, the French army had a problem. A big.
potentially deadly problem. It was so big that on this day in 1795, they offered 12.000
francs to anyone who could successfully solve it.
(2) That problem – how to store food safely – was one shared by most of the rest of
humanity, which probably explains why its solution has been so popular and lasting:
canning. When left out, food, as we all know, goes bad.
(3) Although food could be dried, smoked, fermented or pickled before the invention of
canning, none of these methods were certain to be safe and they didn't preserve flavor.
Then came Nicolas Appert, a candy maker and winner of the prize money and the title
«The Father of Canning».
(4) Canning works by placing food in jars or cans and heating the whole set-up to a
temperature that kills bacteria and other microorganisms. As the jars/ cans cool, a
vacuum seal is formed which prevents other microorganisms from getting in.
(5) Here's the thing, though: Appert could never explain why his method worked.
Appert's work was centered around the idea of removing air from food. Appert's
method started with putting food in jars, which were then corked, and sealed off with a
wax seal. The jars were wrapped in canvas and then boiled.

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(6) After years of experimentation, Appert decided, correctly, that the two most
important factors in canning were «the absolute deprivation from contact with the
exterior air» and «application of the heat in the water bath».
30. How did the French army deal with its deadly food problem?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻴﺶ اﻟﻔﺮﻧ�� ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺘﺔ؟‬
А- They began to use jars to pickle food.
B- The invented a new way to keep food safe for a long time.
C- They announced a reward to the person who could fix the problem.
D- They bought special boxes that kept their food cool all the time.
31. What does the writer think about canning? ‫ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﺐ؟‬
A- That it has NO purpose today.
B- That it solved a problem everyone shared.
C- That it helped make Nicholas Appert a war hero.
D- That it helped France win the French Revolutionary Wars.
32. Why does the writer use the word although in Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- To show an example of how food was kept safe.
B- To give more information about Nicolas Appert's work.
C- To prove that flavor was important in keeping food safe.
D- To show that these methods of keeping food safe had some issues.
33. What does the writer think about other methods of storing food before canning?
‫ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق ا��ﺧﺮى ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﺐ؟‬
A- He believes that they could preserve flavor.
B- He believes that they were a little dangerous.
C- He believes that they were more important than canning.
D- He believes that they helped Nicholas Appert invent canning.
34. What does the writer say about Nicolas Appert's method of canning?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﺐ ﻧﻴﻜﻮ��س أﺑﻴﺮت؟‬
A- It worked because he knew how to make candy.
B- It worked because he used an old method that he learned in the army.
C- It worked because he knew how to explain what he was doing.
D- It worked because he kept out the air and boiled the water.
35. Which word can we use to replace the word though in Paragraph (5)?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- however
B- therefore
C- afterwards
D- in addition
36. How did canning stop food from going bad? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﺐ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻣﻦ أن ﻳﻔﺴﺪ؟‬
A- It kept food cool so that bacteria did NOT increase in number.
B- It used a special method that filled the jars with a lot of hot air.
C- It created a tight seal that stopped the taste of the food from changing.
D- It used heat on the jars to destroy the bacteria and stop anything from coming in.

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Passage 5 (‫)اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺸﺨ�� واﻟ��اء وا��ﺋﺘﻤﺎن واﻟﻤﺪﻳﻮﻧﻴﺎت‬

Personal Finance
(1) An annual survey in 2017 from the National Endowment for Financial Education
(NEFE) found Americans cited the most significant financial setbacks they experienced
in 2016 as transportation issues (23 percent), housing repairs/ maintenance (20
percent), and medical care for an injury/ illness (18 percent). If faced with a major
unexpected expense, over one third say they would pay for it with credit cards or
emergency savings – both at 35 percent – followed by cash at 32 percent.
(2) The survey also found that nearly half (48 percent) of Americans admit that they are
living paycheck to paycheck. The main reasons people believe they are living paycheck
to paycheck are due to credit card debt (24 percent). employment struggles (22
percent). and mortgage/ rent payments (18 percent). Compounding the uneasiness,
over three quarters (78 percent) say something causes them financial stress. Saving
money (53 percent) tops the list, followed by managing debt (44 percent).
(3) «Get debt under control», says Paul Golden (a spokesman for NEFE). «Take a hard
look at what you Owe. If there's a clear warning sign of too much debt. take action. Set
a goal to reduce your debt load next year by 5 to 10 percent. That might mean
reducing impulse shopping. Six in 10 people admit they purchase on impulse and 80
percent of those regret purchases afterwards. When you face temptation, walk away for
at least 30 minutes and see if you still want it and it's a good idea».

37. How do most Americans deal with unexpected costs?

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا��ﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ؟‬
A- They borrow from family and friends.
B- They use credit or savings.
C- They find additional jobs.
D- They suffer from stress.
38. Why does the writer use the word also in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﻳﻀﺎ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- to give an example of the survey results.
B- to show a list of answers reported in the survey.
C- to give more information about the survey results.
D- to show different results from those reported before.
39. Which expression can we use to replace the expression due to in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ "ﺑﺴﺒﺐ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- however
B- although
C- meanwhile
D- because of
40. How does the writer feel about unnecessary shopping?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻴﺎل اﻟﺘﺴﻮق ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟ��وري؟‬
A- He believes it CAN'T be avoided.
B- He believes it has a positive effect.

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C- He believes it has a negative effect.

D- He is NOT sure if its effect is positive or negative.
41. What does the writer say about personal debts in Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪﻳﻮن اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- There are different types.
B- They should be dealt with carefully.
C- They can cause various family problems.
D- They should be reduced by 30% every year.

Passage 6 (‫) رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ‬

Global Murder Rates

42. What was the homicide rate per 100,000 people in Europe in 2015?
‫؟‬2015 ‫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬100.000 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
А- 2
B- 5
C- 12
D- 15
43. How many homicides per 100,000 people happened in Africa in 2005?
‫؟‬2005 ‫ ﺷﺨﺺ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﺎم‬100.000 ‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
A- 7
B- 13
C- 19
D- 24

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Passage 7 (��‫)اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔ‬

Psychoanalysis
What are the aims and methods of psychoanalysis?
(1) Although most of today's therapists do not practice therapy as Sigmund Freud did,
his psychoanalytic techniques survive. Psychoanalysis is part of our modern vocabulary,
and its assumptions influence many other therapies.
Aims
(2) Psychoanalysis assumes that many psychological problems are fueled by
childhood's residue of supposedly repressed impulses and conflicts. Psychoanalysts try
to bring these repressed feelings into conscious awareness, where the patient can deal?
(3) Psychoanalysis is historical reconstruction. Its goal is to unearth the past in hope of
unmasking the present. But how?
(4) When Freud discarded hypnosis as unreliable, he turned to free association. Imagine
yourself as a patient using the free association technique. The analyst invites you to
relax, perhaps by lying on a couch. He or she will probably sit out of your line of vision,
helping you focus attention on your internal thoughts and feelings. Beginning with a
childhood memory, a dream, or a recent experience, you say aloud whatever comes to
your mind from moment to moment. It sounds easy, but soon you notice how often
you edit your thoughts as you speak, omitting material that seems trivial, irrelevant or
shameful. Even in the safe presence of the analyst, you may pause momentarily before
uttering an embarrassing thought. You may make a joking remark or change the
subject to something less threatening. Sometimes your mind may go blank or you may
find yourself unable to remember important details.
(5) To the psychoanalyst, these blocks in the flow of your free associations indicate
resistance. They hint that anxiety lurks and that you are repressing sensitive material.
The analyst will want to explore these sensitive areas by making you aware of your
resistances and by interpreting their underlying meaning. The analyst's interpretations -
suggestions of underlying wishes, feelings, and conflicts – aim to provide people with
insight. If offered at the right moment, the analyst's interpretation – of. say, your not
wanting to talk about your mother – may illuminate what you are avoiding. You may
then discover what your resistances mean and how they fit with other pieces of your
psychological puzzle.
(6) Freud believed that another clue to repressed impulses is your dreams hidden
content. Thus, after inviting you to report a dream, the analyst may offer a dream
analysis, suggesting its hidden meaning.
(7) During many such sessions you will probably disclose more of yourself to your
analyst than you have ever revealed to anyone. Because psychoanalytic theory
emphasizes the formative power of childhood experiences, much of what you reveal
will pertain to your earliest memories. You will also probably find yourself experiencing
strong positive or negative feelings for your analyst. Such feelings may express the
dependency or mingled love and anger that you earlier experienced toward family
members or other important people in your life. When this happens, Freud would say
you are actually transferring your strongest feelings from those other relationships to

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the analyst. Analysts and other therapists believe that this transference exposes long-
repressed feelings, giving you a belated chance to work through them with your
analyst's help. By examining your feelings toward the analyst, you may also gain insight
into your current relationships.
(8) Note how much of psychoanalysis is built on the assumption that repressed
memories exist. That assumption is now questioned. This challenge to an assumption
that is basic to so much of professional and popular psychology is provoking intense
debate.
(9) Critics also say that psychoanalysts' interpretations are hard to refute. If, in response
to the analyst's suggested interpretation, you say, «Yes! I see now», your acceptance
confirms the analyst's interpretation. If you emphatically say, «No! That doesn't ring
true,» your denial may be taken to reveal more resistance. which would also confirm
the interpretation. Psychoanalysts acknowledge that it's hard to prove or disprove their
interpretations. But they insist that interpretations often are a great help to patients.
(10) Traditional psychoanalysis is slow and expensive. It requires up to several years of
several sessions a week with a highly trained and well-paid analyst. (Three times a week
for just two years at $100 or more per hour comes to about $30.000.) Only those with a
high income can afford such treatment.
(11) Although there are relatively few traditional psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic
assumptions influence many therapists, especially those who make psychodynamic
assumptions. Psychodynamic therapists try to understand patients' current symptoms
by exploring their childhood experiences. They probe for supposed repressed,
emotion-laden information. They seek to help people gain insight into the unconscious
roots of problems and work through newly resurrected feelings. Although influenced by
Freud's psychoanalysis, these therapists may talk to people face to face (rather than out
of the line of Vision). once a week (rather than several times Weekly), and for only a few
weeks or months (rather than several years).
44. According to psychoanalysis, what two things from childhood feed psychological
problems?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ ﻳﻐﺬي اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ؟‬، ��‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔ‬
A- repressed impulses and internal thoughts
B- repressed impulses and conflicts
C- internal thoughts and dependency
D- dependency and conflicts
45. What two things can psychoanalysis begin with?
‫ﺑﺄي ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔ�� ﺑﻬﻤﺎ؟‬
A- an embarrassing thought or joke
B- an embarrassing thought or dream
C- a childhood memory or joke
D- a childhood memory or dream

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46. What are two characteristics of traditional psychoanalysis?

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻤﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔ�� اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي؟‬
A- trivial and expensive
B- shameful and trivial
C- slow and expensive
D- slow and shameful

Passage 8 (‫) اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﺤﻔﺮي‬

Fossil fuels
(1) Fossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas, formed from the remains of plants and
animals which lived millions of years ago and obtained energy originally from the Sun.
At present they are our main energy source. Predictions vary as to how long they will
last since this depends on what reserves are recoverable and on the future demands of
a world population expected to increase from about 7,000 million in 2011 to at least
7,600 million by the year 2050. Some estimates say oil and gas will run low early in the
present century but coal should last for 200 years or so.
(2) Burning fossil fuels in power stations and in cars pollutes the atmosphere with
harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Carbon dioxide emission
aggravates the greenhouse effect and increases global warming. It is not immediately
feasible to prevent large amounts of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere, but less
is produced by burning natural gas than by burning oil or coal; burning coal produces
most carbon dioxide for each unit of energy produced.
(3) When coal and oil are but they also produce sulfur dioxide which causes acid rain.
The sulfur dioxide can be extracted from the waste gases so it does not enter the
atmosphere or the sulfur can be removed from the fuel before combustion, but these
are both costly and risky processes which increase the price of electricity produced
using these measures.
47. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
A- The fossil fuels we rely on are destroying the planet.
B- The negative effects of fossil fuels can easily be fixed.
C- Burning coal produces more carbon dioxide than burning oil.
D - Coal and oil will continue to be more important than natural gas.
48. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about fossil fuels in Paragraph
(1)? ‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ا��ﺣﻔﻮري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
A- The Sun helped to produce them.
B- They are our most important form of energy.
C- Some of them will decrease faster than others.
D- They were formed from plants and animals millions of years ago.
49. Why does the writer mention the example of the increasing world population in the
future? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺜﺎل زﻳﺎدة ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ؟‬
A- to show why our main energy sources will last forever
B- to show that electricity will become more expensive for people
C- to show that oil and gas will be more important in the future

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D- to show how it will affect the amount of fossil fuels we use

50. What important ideas does the writer mention about sulfur dioxide in Paragraph(3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- It is produced by burning natural gas.
B- It is produced when cars pollute the atmosphere.
C- It is dangerous and expensive to remove from fuel.
D- It can aggravate the greenhouse effect and increase global warming

Passage 9 Importance of architecture

(‫) أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬
Could you build an information system without an architecture? Yes, it is possible to
build small. isolated information systems without a formal architecture, just as it is
possible to build a log cabin without one. But as soon as you want to build a building
which is larger or has multiple components – an energy efficient home, an apartment
complex, an office high – rise – you need an architecture to show where the electric
wiring, the plumbing, heating and air conditioning, the stairs and the elevators should
go and how they should work together. The main role of a system architecture is to
help manage the complexity and size of modern business information systems. The
architecture embodies important design decisions that have already been made This is
a constraint on the team which is not free to make decisions that run counter to the
architecture, but it also means that there is some kind of support within the
organization – including knowledgeable people, development guidelines. reusable
code, and implementation experience with the architecture – making the team's job
easier.
51. The word multiple in the passage is closest in meaning to …….
......... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺘﻌﺪد" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A- few
B- enough
C- some
D- many
52. The word constraint in the passage is closest in meaning to …….
.......‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻗﻴﺪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A- limit
B- opinion
C- attempt
D- doubt
53. The word guidelines in the passage is closest in meaning to …….
......... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ إرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
A- entertainment
B- imagination
C- instructions
D- complaints.

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Passage 10 (‫)اﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬

International Pricing
(1) Companies that market their products internationally must decide what prices to
charge in the different countries in which they operate. In some cases, a company can
set a uniform worldwide price. For example, Boeing sells its jetliners at about the same
price everywhere, whether in the United States, Europe or a third – world country.
However, most counties adjust their prices to reflect local market conditions and cost
considerations.
(2) The price that a company should charge in a specific country depends on many
factors, including economic conditions, competitive situations, laws and regulations, and
development of the wholesaling and retailing system. Consumer perception and
preferences also may vary from country to country, calling for different prices. Or the
company may have different marketing objectives in various world markets, which require
changes in pricing strategy. For example, Samsung might introduce a new product into
mature markets in highly developed countries with the goal of quickly gaining a large
share of the market – this would call for a penetration – pricing strategy where the
product is offered at a very low price. In contrast, it might enter a less –developed market
by using market – skimming pricing where the price is set very high initially.
(3) Costs play an important role in setting international prices. Travelers abroad are
often surprised to find that goods that are relatively inexpensive at home may carry
outrageously higher price tags in other countries. A pair of Levi's selling for $30 in the
United States might go for $63 in Tokyo or $88 in Paris. A McDonald's Big Mac selling
for a modest $3.50 here in Saudi Arabia might cost $7.50 in Berlin, Germany.
Conversely, a Gucci handbag going for only $140 in Milan, Italy. might fetch $240 in the
United States. In some cases, such price escalations may result from different selling
strategies or market conditions. In some instances, however, it is simply the result of the
higher cost of selling in another country – the additional cost of product modifications,
shipping and insurance, import taxes. exchange-rate fluctuations, and physical
distribution.
54. What word other than «inexpensive» the writer uses to talk about prices at home?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ا��ﺳﻌﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﺑﺨ��ف ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ"؟‬
A- various
B- modest
C- additional
D- competitive
55. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
A- Levi's are outrageously expensive in Paris.
B- $3.50 is a modest price for a Big Mac.
C- It costs more to sell internationally.
D- Prices are set very high initially.
56. What can we understand from Paragraph (1) about Boeing jetliners?
‫( ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﺋﺮات ﺑﻮﻳﻨﺞ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺛﺔ؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
A- Their prices are the highest worldwide.

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B- Their prices depend on cost considerations.

C- Their prices are independent of local market conditions.
D- Their prices are relatively inexpensive where they are made.

Passage 11 (‫)اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻐﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮة‬

The Health Divide
Passage A: Health in High – Income Nations
(1) Obesity, which is on the rise in high-income nations, has been linked to many
diseases, including cardiovascular problems. musculoskeletal problems, diabetes, and
respiratory issues. According to the International Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (2011). Obesity rates are rising in all countries. With the
greatest gains being made in the highest-income countries. The United States has the
highest obesity rate. Wallace Huffman and his fellow researchers (2006) contend that
several factors are contributing to the rise in obesity in developed countries.
(2) These include:
• Improvements in technology and reduced family size have led to a reduction of work
to be done in household production.
• Unhealthy market goods, including processed foods, sweetened drinks, and sweet
and salty snacks are replacing home – produced goods.
• Leisure activities are growing more sedentary, for example, computer games, web
surfing, and television viewing.
• More workers are shifting from active work (agriculture and manufacturing) to service
industries.
• Increased access to passive transportation has led to more driving and less walking.
• Obesity and weight issues have significant societal costs, including lower life
expectancies and higher shared healthcare costs.
(3) High – income countries also have higher rates of depression than less affluent
nations. A recent study shows that the average lifetime prevalence of major depressive
episodes in the 10 highest – income countries in the study was 14.6 percent; this
compared to 11.1 percent in the eight low – and middle – income countries. The
researchers speculate that the higher rate of depression may be linked to the greater
income inequality that exists in the highest – income nations.
Passage B: Health in Low – Income Nations
(1) In peripheral nations with low per capita income, it is not the cost of health care that
is the most pressing concern. Rather, low – income countries must manage such
problems as infectious disease, high infant mortality rates, scarce medical personnel,
and inadequate water and sewer systems. Such issues, which high – income countries
rarely even think about, are central to the lives of most people in low – income nations.
Due to such health concerns, low – income nations have higher rates of infant mortality
and lower average life spans.
One of the biggest contributors to medical issues in low – income countries is the lack
of access to clean water and basic sanitation resources. According to a 2011 UNICEF

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repot almost half of the developing world's population lacks improved sanitation
facilities. The World Health Organization (WHO) tracks health – related data for 193
countries. In their 2011 World Health Statistics report, they document some of this data.
his includes:
• Globally, the rate of mortality for children under five was 60 per 1.000 live births. In
low – income countries, however, that rate is almost double at 117 per 1,000 live births.
In high – income countries, that rate is significantly lower than seven per 1,000 live
births.
• The most frequent causes of death for children under five were pneumonia and
diarrheal diseases. accounting for 18 percent and 15 percent, respectively. These deaths
could be easily avoidable with cleaner water and more coverage of available medical
care.
• The availability of doctors and nurses in low – income countries is one-tenth that of
nations with a high income. Challenges in access to medical education and access to
patients exacerbate this issue for would-be medical professionals in low – income
countries.
57. What do the passages say about high – income and low – income nations?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪول ذات اﻟﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ واﻟﺪول ذات اﻟﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ؟‬
A- They have different health concerns.
B- They suffer from high obesity rates.
C- They have similar rates of depression.
D- They have high rates of childhood mortality.
58. According to the passages, which organizations monitor health issues in all
countries?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان؟‬،‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬
A- government organizations.
B- private organizations.
C- local organizations.
D- international organizations.
59. Which subject do both passages discuss? ‫أي ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻛ�� اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ؟‬
A- obesity
B- depression
C- life expectancy
D- infant mortality
60. According to the passages, what are the biggest problems in healthcare in low-
income and high – income countries respectively?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ واﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬،‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ؟‬
A- limited availability and high cost
B- poor sanitation and sedentary lifestyles
C- limited access to medical education and lack of insurance
D- lack of medical professionals and rising income inequality

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Model 20
Passage 1
Giant Panda
1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip
to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and even
language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The
caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help
her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo
in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The
teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both English and
Chinese.
21. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺮاس اﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن أن ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻲ ��ن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ؟‬،(2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C)so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
22. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻲ ��ن ﺗﻌﻴﺶ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
(B) in an American research center
(C) in Atlanta, Georgia
(D) in Sichuan China

Passage 2
Stars
1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different colors.
Some are red, others are yellow, and some are blue. This is also shown when we take color
photographs of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an ordinary camera as
long as it is kept steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found that blue
stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars which cannot
be classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a blue superstar
as big as 40.000 suns and Beetlejuice is a superstar with a size equal to 17.000 suns.
3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of them
is a superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer. Astronomers have
instruments like light meters which can measure the brightness of a star quite accurately. It

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is possible to measure a star's distance from the earth if astronomers know the color,
brightness and whether or not it is a superstar.
23. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
‫أي ﻣﻦ ا��ﻟﻮان اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذﻛﺮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) green
(B) yellow
(C) blue
(D) red
24. According to Paragraph (2) Beetlejuice is a superstar ……………………
.........‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) as big as the sun
(B) smaller than the sun
(C) as big as 17,000 suns
(D) as big as 40.000 suns
25. According to Paragraph (2), astronomers classify stars according
to the following EXCEPT ………
........ ‫( ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬2) ‫ﻳﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
(A) size
(B) color
(C) shape
(D) brightness

Passage 3
Stress
1) We all feel stressed from time to time - it's all part of the emotional ups and downs of life.
Stress has many sources. It can come from our environment, from our bodies, or our own
thoughts and how we view the world around us. It is very natural to feel stressed around
moments of pressure such as exam time - but we are physiologically designed to deal with
stress and react to it.
2) When we feel under pressure the nervous system instructs our bodies to release stress
hormones including adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol. These produce physiological
changes to help us cope with the threat or danger we see to be upon us. This is called the
“stress response” or the "fight-or-flight" response.
3) Stress can actually be positive, as the stress response helps us stay alert, motivated and
focused on the task at hand. Usually, when the pressure subsides, the body rebalances and
we start to feel calm again. But when we experience stress too often or for too long, or
when the negative feelings overwhelm our ability to cope, then problems will arise.
Continuous activation of the nervous system - experiencing the “stress response - causes
wear and tear on the body.
4) When we are stressed, the respiratory system is immediately affected. We tend to breathe
harder and more quickly in an effort to quickly distribute oxygenic blood around our body.
Although this is not an issue for most of us, it could be a problem for people with asthma
who may feel short of breath and struggle to take in enough oxygen. It can also cause

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quick and shallow breathing, where minimal air is taken in, which can lead to
hyperventilation. This is more likely if someone is prone to anxiety and panic attacks.
5) Stress wreaks havoc on our immune systems. Cortisol released in our bodies suppresses
the immune system and inflammatory pathways, and we become more susceptible to
infections and chronic inflammatory conditions. Our ability to fight off illness is reduced.
6) The musculoskeletal system is also affected. Our muscles tense up, which is the body's
natural way of protecting ourselves from injury and pain. Repeated muscle tension can
cause bodily aches and pains, and when it occurs in the shoulders, neck and head it may
result in tension headaches and migraines.
7) There are cardiovascular effects. When stress is acute (in the moment), heart rate and
blood pressure increase, but they return to normal once the acute stress has passed. If
acute stress is repeatedly experienced, or if stress becomes chronic (over a long period of
time, it can cause damage to blood vessels and arteries. This increases the risk for
hypertension, heart attack or stroke.
8) Stress has marked effects on our emotional well-being. It is normal to experience high and
low moods in our daily lives, but when we are stressed, we may feel more tired, have mood
swings or feel more irritable than usual. Stress causes hyperarousal, which means we may
have difficulty falling or staying asleep and experience restless nights. This impairs
concentration, attention, learning and memory, all of which are particularly important
around exam time. Researchers have linked poor sleep to chronic health problems,
depression and even obesity.
9) The way that we cope with stress has an additional indirect effect on our health. Under
pressure, people may adopt more harmful habits such as smoking to relieve stress. But
these behaviors are inappropriate ways to adapt and only lead to more health problems
and risks to our personal safety and well-being.
10) So learn to manage your stress, before it manages you It's all about keeping it in check.
Some stress in life is normal - and a little stress can help us to feel alert, motivated,
focused, energetic and even excited. Take positive actions to channel this energy effectively
and you may find yourself performing better, achieving more and feeling good.
26. Where can stress come from? ‫ﻣﻦ أﻳﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ؟‬
(A) time
(B) emotions
(C) our thoughts
(D) the stress response
27. What positive effects can stress have? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ا��ﺛﺎر ا��ﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺗﺮ؟‬
(A) feeling calm
(B)staying alert
(C) better hearing
(D) quick breathing
28. What can cause bodily aches and pains? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺒﺐ آ��م ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) sport
(B) cortisol
(C) muscle tension

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(D) the immune system

29. According to the passage, what harmful habits may people adopt under pressure?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدات اﻟﻀﺎرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ؟‬،‫ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬
(A) sleeping poorly
(B) gaining weight
(C) fighting
(D) smoking

Passage 4
(Market orientated)
1. A market-orientated company is one that organizes its activities, products and services around the
wants and needs of its customers. By contrast, a product-oriented firm has its primary focus on its
product and on the skills, knowledge and systems that support that product.
2. Until the late 20th century many firms were product-orientated and failed to understand the
changing needs of their customers in an increasingly competitive marketplace. A major swing
towards market-orientation has led to intensified market research and product ranges carefully
designed to fit customer preferences.
3. However, product-orientation can still be important in keeping an emphasis on quality, safety and
investment in new technology.
4. Successful companies recognize the importance of both approaches. Products must start with the
needs and wants of customers. But delivery of a profitable product depends on efficiency and
quality in production.
5. In the real world, market and product orientation are closely intertwined so that companies like
Gillette, Coca-Cola and Travis Perkins, will:
- carry out market research into what consumers want
- organize product research in line with the results of market research
- constantly engage in qualitative market research to find out what focus groups of
customers think of new ideas
- test market new products in smaller market areas before launching them onto a wider
market
- evaluate ongoing customer perception of goods and services, in order to make
improvements to technologies and product offerings Market orientation gets the right
product: product orientation gets the product right.
30. What important idea connected to product-oriented firms does the writer mention
in Paragraph (1)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ��ﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫(؟‬1) ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Their customers want and need their products.
(B) They help customers based on what they want and need.
(C) They pay more attention to what they make and services that help it.
(D) They need skills, knowledge, and systems in order to make products.
31. What important idea connected to 20th-century firms does the writer mention in
Paragraph (2)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑ��ﻛﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌ��ﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
‫(؟‬2) ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬

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(A) They did not understand what their customers looked for.
(B) They tested new products in small areas first.
(C) They made products with high quality using new technology.
(D) They understood the importance of both market and product-oriented
approaches.
32. What ideas connected to successful companies does the writer mention?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ��ﻛﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) They use advanced technology to ensure quality.
(B) They focus on making a quality product at a good price.
(C) They meet their customers' needs and also make a quality product.
(D) They focus on the skills, knowledge, and systems that support their product.
33. What does the writer want to show with the examples of Gillette, Coca-Cola, and
Travis Perkins? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺄﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺟﻴﻠﻴﺖ وﻛﻮﻛﺎ ﻛﻮ�� وﺗﺮاﻓﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﺮﻛﻨﺰ؟‬
(A) That they pay careful attention to the quality of their products.
(B) That market and product orientation are clearly connected
(C) That they get the right product for their customers.
(D) That they get the products right.

Passage 5 Intellectual Property

1. A type of property of great importance in today's commercial environment is intellectual property.
Intellectual property consists of the result of one's thoughts, ideas, or inventions. It is not the
thought or idea itself, but the result, such as a book or a computer chip. Intellectual property law
deals with obtaining protection for one's work, licensing others to use one's work, and enforcing
one's rights.
2. Obtaining protection for intellectual property often includes registration with the proper
government agency. Licensing one's work involves negotiating and drafting contracts. Enforcing
one's rights often means filing a lawsuit known as an infringement action.
3. Intellectual property law includes the law that relates to copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade
secrets. This area of law has grown and developed in the technology age. However, the need for
such a law was recognized by the drafters of the Constitution, who gave Congress the right to
legislate "To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.”
34. According to the passage, what made intellectual property law grow and develop?
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺟﻌﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﻨﻤﻮ وﻳﺘﻄﻮر؟‬،‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ‬
(A) a request by authors and scientists
(B) the common use of modern technology
(C) the need to limit people's right to their own work
(D) an effort to make science and arts more professional
35. The word intellectual in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………………….
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻓﻜﺮي" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) thinking
(B) working
(C) sharing

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(D) borrowing
36. The word obtaining in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………………..
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﺤﺼﻮل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) spending
(B) thinking
(C) writing
(D) getting
37. The word promote in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………………
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) help
(B) find
(C) need
Passage 6

Figure 3-24: After Tax Income Shares

38. What percentage of spending was on food in 1929? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ا��ﻧﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫؟‬1929 ‫ﻋﺎم‬
(A) 10%
(B) 15%
(C) 24%
(D) 27%
39. In which year was the percentage of spending on transportation highest?
‫ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ا��ﻧﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻋﻠﻰ؟‬
(A) 1929
(B) 1965
(C) 2001
(D) 2011

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Passage 7
The Paralegal Profession
(1) Most paralegals work under the supervision of attorneys either in private law offices,
government law offices (such as prosecutors' offices), or in the legal departments of
corporations or other businesses. They cannot appear in court or give legal advice.
However, under the supervision of an attorney, they can perform many tasks often
done by lawyers, such as interviewing clients, drafting legal documents, and doing legal
research. For example, a paralegal who works in a firm that handles automobile
accident cases might interview clients and witnesses, draft documents to be filed in
court, or summarize medical records. On the other hand, a paralegal who works for a
probate attorney might be involved in gathering and organizing financial data or
preparing inheritance tax returns. The day-today tasks that paralegals perform are as
varied as the types of law that are practiced.
(2) However, certain knowledge and skills are commonly required of all paralegals.
Paralegals need to have a basic knowledge of the legal system, substantive laws and
legal procedures. The chapters in this book cover these areas. Legal assistants should
also have some knowledge of the substantive and procedural laws of the state in which
they work. This is the focus of most formal paralegal education. In addition, every
paralegal should know and understand the ethical obligations that bind legal
professionals. Paralegals must also possess certain basic skills. These include the
following:
Oral and written communication skills
(3) Paralegals frequently communicate orally and in writing with the courts, attorneys,
other paralegals, and clients. Paralegals commonly interview clients and witnesses, and
then summarize in writing the content of such interviews. Additionally, paralegals draft
all types of legal documents.
Research skills
(4) Some paralegals do extensive legal research and writing for attorneys, whereas
others do very little. However, all paralegals must have basic legal research skills.
Furthermore, all paralegals should have general research skills. For example, as a
paralegal you might be asked to locate the address of a distant court; in a medical
malpractice case, you might be asked to research certain medical conditions.
Critical thinking/analytical skills
(5) Critical thinking skills are essential for anyone working as a legal assistant and are
required for most if not all of the legal work done by paralegals. For example, the ability
to analyze and synthesize facts is required for legal research and preparing legal
documents. It is also needed for reviewing legal documents and reviewing and
evaluating evidence.
Organizational Skills
(6) Case files in a legal office often contain numerous documents. In major lawsuits the
number of documents may be in the thousands. Paralegals may be responsible for
indexing and organizing all of them. If a case is in litigation, many time deadlines are
also critical. Papers may have to be filed in court or served on other parties to the

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lawsuit, or court appearances by the attorney might be set. Someone must keep track
of everything; often that someone is a paralegal.
General office/computer skills
(7) A paralegal in a law office is expected to possess general office skills. Today that
means computer literacy. Word processing skills are a must and ability to use the
Internet effectively and efficiently is also essential. In addition, knowledge about general
filing and billing procedures, proper telephone etiquette, and general business
communication skills is essential.
Regulation of Paralegals
(8) Unlike attorneys. Paralegals are not generally licensed by any government agency.
In fact, in most states anyone can be called a paralegal, although some states do have
regulations. Aside from governmental regulation, the paralegal profession itself has
adopted forms of self-regulation. Two major professional organizations established
professional standards and voluntary certification for paralegals: the National
Association of Legal Assistants (NALA) and the National Federation of Paralegal
Associations (NFPA). NALA administers a national examination that tests paralegal
competency. Paralegals who pass the examinations are referred to as Certified Legal
Assistants (CLAS). CLAs are required to take several hours of continuing education
regularly to maintain their status. NALA further administers certain specialty
examinations to paralegals who have passed the basic CLA examination. NFPA also
administers a competency examination known as PACE (Paralegal Advanced
Competency Exam).
(9) Both NALA and NFPA seek to enhance the paralegal profession by adopting codes
of ethical standards for paralegals. Neither organization, however, has authority to
punish or discipline anyone who violates these standards.
(10) Although the paralegal profession has been largely unregulated, changes are
beginning. For example, California enacted legislation limiting the use of the term
paralegal to those who work for attorneys and who have paralegal education or
experience. Continuing legal education is also required.
Paralegal Education
(12)The traditional definition of a paralegal refers to the fact that paralegals have
special training and education. In the early days of the paralegal profession, in
the 1960s and 1970s, few formal paralegal programs existed. Instead, many law
firms hired intelligent, educated individuals and trained them to be paralegals.
As the paralegal profession grew and developed, formal paralegal education
became a prerequisite for many if not most paralegal jobs. Formal paralegal
programs are offered by numerous educational institutions, both public and
private, and vary in length and depth of material covered. To provide some
standard, in the 1970s the American Bar Association (ABA)established guidelines
for paralegal education and undertook to approve programs that met those
guidelines and requested approval. The requirements for approval relate to
curriculum, faculty, and support services of the educational institution.

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40. What two things are paralegals unable to do?

‫أي ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ �� ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪون اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻮن اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻬﻤﺎ؟‬
(A) do legal research and prepare tax returns
(B) interview clients and draft documents
(C) appear in court and give legal advice
(D) gather and organize financial data
41. Which two organizations established voluntary certification?
‫أي ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺘﻴﻦ أﻧﺸﺄت ﺷﻬﺎدة ﻃﻮﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) NALA and NFPA
(B) NALA and CLA
(C) NFPA and CLA
(D) CLA and PACE
Passage 8
Composition of Compounds
(1) A chemical formula, in combination with the molar masses of its main elements,
indicates the relative quantities of each element in a compound, which is extremely
useful information. For example, about 30 years ago, scientists began to suspect that
synthetic compounds known as chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs) were destroying the
ozone in Earth's upper atmosphere.
(2) Upper atmospheric ozone is important because it shields life on Earth from the sun's
harmful ultraviolet light. CFCs are chemically inert compounds that were used primarily
as refrigerants and industrial solvents. Over time, however, CFCs began to accumulate in
the atmosphere. In the upper atmosphere, sunlight break bonds within CFCs, resulting in
the release of chlorine atoms. The chlorine atoms then react with ozone. converting it
into 02. Therefore, the harmful part of CFCs is the chlorine atoms that they carry.
42. The word shields in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to …………………
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "دروع" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) cleans
(B) carries
(C) protects
(D) improves
43. The word accumulate in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………….
.........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) collect
(B) change
(C) arrive
(D) disappear
44. The word bonds in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………………….
........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "رواﺑﻂ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) options
(B) steps
(C) rules
(D) connections

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Passage 9
(Economist)
(1) One of the most important tasks of the professional economist, whether in
government or private sector employment, is to be able to forecast future economic
phenomena. Many economic variables are heavily dependent upon the state of the
economy. For example, forecasts of economic growth are widely used by economists
for all sorts of reasons related to economic policy and business well-being. The longer
the time period the forecast covers, the greater the uncertainty involved. When the
Bank of England, for instance, makes forecasts of inflation it produces fan charts to
reflect this greater uncertainty.
Types of forecasts
(2) Economists use various types of forecasting methods.
The three main types are:
- statistical forecasts based on simple or sophisticated future extrapolation techniques
- using models to produce a range of forecasts - this is particularly true of models of
the economy involving complex interrelationships
- forecasts based on intuition, experience or even guesswork, i.e., not involving
statistical methods.
45. The word intuition in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………………
.........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺪس" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) interview
(B) feeling
(C) logic
(D) survey
46. The word phenomena in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………
........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻇﻮاﻫﺮ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) problems
(B) benefits
(C) plans
(D) events
47. The word sophisticated in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………….
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﻌﻘﺪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) special
(B) classical
(C) complicated
(D) mathematical
Passage 10
(1) Take a moment and imagine you are traveling in a country you have never been to
before. Everything about the sights, the smells, the sounds seem strange. People are
speaking a language you do not understand and wearing clothes unlike yours. But they
greet you with a smile and you sense that, despite the differences you observe, deep
down inside these people have the same feelings as you. But is this true? Do people
from opposite ends of the world really feel the same emotions? While most scholars

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agree that members of different cultures may vary in the foods they eat, the languages
they speak, and the holidays they celebrate, there is disagreement about how much
culture shapes people's emotions and feelings including what people feel, what they
express, and what they do during an emotional event.
(2) Social scientists tend to fall into either one of two camps. The Universalist camp
claims that, despite cultural differences in customs and traditions, at a fundamental
level all humans feel similarly. These universalists believed that emotions developed as
a response to the environments of our ancestors, so they are the same across all
cultures. Indeed, people often describe their emotions as "automatic," "natural,"
"physiological," and "instinctual," supporting the view that emotions are hard-wired and
universal.
(3) The social constructivist camp, however, claimed that despite a common heritage,
different groups of humans developed to adapt to their different environments. And
because human environments are so different, people's emotions are also different in
different cultures. For instance, Lutz (1988) argued that many Western views of emotion
assume that emotions are about the individual and how she or he feels. However,
people from Ifaluk (a small island in the Pacific Ocean) view emotions as "exchanges
between individuals". Social constructivists claim that because people are completely
immersed in their own culture, they are often unaware of how their feelings are shaped
by it. Therefore, emotions can feel automatic, natural, physiological, and instinctual, and
yet still be shaped by culture.
48. What idea does the expression "opposite ends of the world" in Paragraph (1)
repeat?‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻴﺾ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) disagreement
(B) strange things
(C) different cultures
(D) countries not visited before
49. Which of the following does the writer say are facts? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ؟‬
(A) People eat different foods and speak different languages.
(B) People express their feelings and celebrate holidays differently.
(C) People eat different foods and express their feelings differently.
(D) People speak different languages and experience emotions differently.
50. How is the Universalists' view of emotions different from the social constructivists'
view? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻈﺮة اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) Universalists believe emotions are different between cultures.
(B) Universalists believe emotions are common between cultures.
(C) Universalists believe emotions are shared between siblings.
(D) Universalists believe emotions are different according to age.
51. How is the social constructivists' view of automatic feelings different from that of
universalists? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻈﺮة اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺮة اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ؟‬
(A) Constructivists believe women and men experience feelings differently.
(B) Constructivists believe we are born with automatic feelings.

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(C) Constructivists believe feelings cannot be easily measured.

(D) Constructivists believe we are not aware of how feelings are formed.
52. What can we understand about Lutz's view of emotions from Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻟﻮﺗﺰ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Lutz believes emotions are shaped by cultures.
(B) Lutz believes emotions are similar across cultures.
(C) Lutz believes emotions are related to mental illnesses.
(D) Lutz believes emotions are connected to economic status.
53. What can we understand about the social constructivists' view of emotions from
Paragraph (3)? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﺣﻮل وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫(؟‬3)
(A) They disagree about cultural differences.
(B) They have observed strange cultural expressions.
(C) They found differences between cultures.
(D) They saw countries that people had not visited before to be very important.

Passage 11
Passage A
(1) Humans have used petroleum (or oil) for thousands of years in medicine and
weapons of war. However, the use of this material did not truly surge until the Industrial
Revolution where oil became valuable as both a fuel for illumination and a lubricant
before it became a replacement for wood, coal, animal power, and other sources of
energy. Liquid petroleum had some significant advantages over other energy sources
of the times: it was concentrated, and it could be transported easily from one place to
another.
(2) As oil use boomed, its refined products (such as gasoline and diesel) came to be
used to fuel automobiles, ships, and other vehicles, and a worldwide system of wells,
ships, storage terminals, and pipelines grew. As a result of old and damaged
equipment, human error, and bad luck, extracting oil from the ground and moving it to
refineries and beyond occasionally releases oil into the environment. The largest spills
have released tens of millions of gallons of oil and have resulted in fouled coastlines,
polluted fisheries, dead and injured wildlife, and lost tourism revenue. The top nine
most destructive oil spills are listed below.
Passage B
(1) The Amoco Cadiz, a very large crude carrier (VLCC) stocked with nearly 69 million
gallons of light crude oil, ran aground on shallow rocks off the coast of Brittany, France,
on the morning of March 16, 1978. The ship was navigating the rough seas of the
English Channel when its rudder and hydraulic system were damaged by a large wave.
Rescue tugs attempted to secure towlines to Cadiz, but sea conditions made the
operation difficult. The first of the towlines broke only a few hours after being secured.
By the time a second line could be attached, the Cadiz had been driven by winds and
waves toward the Brittany coast, where the stem and midsection clipped shallow
underwater rocks. The impact slashed holes in the hull and container tanks and

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released the oil. About 200 miles (321 km) of French coast was polluted by the oil slick,
which killed millions of invertebrates, such as mollusks and crustaceans, and an
estimated 20.000 birds, and contaminated oyster beds in the region. In 1990 Amoco
Corporation, the owners of the Cadiz agreed to pay $120 million to French claimants,
along with an additional $35 million to Royal Dutch Shell, which had owned the lost oil.
54. What do Passages A and B say about liquid petroleum?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ؟‬
(A) It was released in accidents in Europe and Africa.
(B) It replaced coal, wood and wind energy.
(C) It can be transported across countries.
(D) It can be used as a fuel.
55. According to Passages A and B how can oil be released into the environment?
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻃ��ق اﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ؟‬،“ ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ "و "ب‬
(A) through large ships and planes
(B) through increased tourism
(C) through weapons and factories
(D) through damaged equipment and systems
56. According to Passages A and B what have oil releases led to?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﺳﺒﺎب ﺗ��ب اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب"؟‬
(A) polluted coasts
(B) decreased tourism revenue
(C) payment of millions of dollars
(D) polluted fisheries and vegetables
57. According to Passages A and B, how can oil be transported?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب"؟‬
(A) by automobiles
(B) by ships
(C) by carriers and trains
(D) by pipelines and planes

Passage 12
Floor Damage
1. The damage you described in your letter dated Jury has now been inspected.
2. The faults in the wiring appear to have been caused by dripping water from the floor above. The
electrical contractor, who installed the wiring in February, tells me that the wall was dry at the time
he replaced the old wires. However, we will arrange for repairs to be made and seal off that
section.
3. Dura floor is one of the most hardwearing materials of its kind on the market and we were
surprised to hear that it had worn away within six months, so we made a closer inspection. We
noticed that the floor had been cut into and this seems to have been the result of dragging heavy
metal boxes across it. The one-year guarantee we offer on our workmanship is against "normal
wear and tear", and the treatment the floor appears to have been subjected to does not fall into
this category. I am quite willing to arrange for the surface to be replaced, but we will have to

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charge you for the materials and work involved. If I may, I would like to suggest that you instruct
your staff to use trolleys when shifting heavy containers.
4. I am sorry about the inconvenience you have experienced and will tell the fitters to repair the
damage as soon as I have your confirmation that they can begin work.
58. According to Paragraph (2), the problems with wiring were caused by ………..
..........‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎ��ﺳ��ك ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) the electrical contractor
(B) the new wires
(C) the old wires
(D) leaking water
59. According to Paragraph (4), the replacement of the damaged floor surface …….
.............‫( اﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﺳﻄﺢ ا��رض اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ‬4) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) is going to begin when the customer notifies the contractor
(B) is going to begin when the workmen are available
(C) has already finished
(D) has already begun
60. The word inconvenience in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ……………
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "إزﻋﺎج" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) time pressure
(B) coincidence
(C) bad luck
(D) trouble

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Model 21
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's
arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe
the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire
destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other
smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster
that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it
would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would
have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet
with sweat. He was too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting
the fire. He turned his head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man
was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he
forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others
with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ………….
(A) He had sweat all over him.
(B) He was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) He had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves …………
(A) working with proper tools
(B) avoiding fire hazards
(C) losing one's courage
(D) caring for others
23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to ……
(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man

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Passage 2
Giant Panda
1. An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese government has an
agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years,
they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old
female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight
from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
2. Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and even language
lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her
new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and
feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia,
since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or
higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.
24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺮاس اﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن أن ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻲ ��ن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ؟‬،(2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C) so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻲ ��ن ﺗﻌﻴﺶ؟‬،(2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) in Sichuan, China
(B) in Atlanta, Georgia
(C) in an American research center
(D) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center

Passage 3
Copyright History
(1) Our written, recorded, and broadcast world is surrounded by warnings about
copyright. If you look in the opening pages of most books, you will find a warning like
this:
"All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means,
graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or by any
information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher
except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews".
(2) Even more familiar is the FBI warning at the start of most DVDs viewed by
Americans today:
"All rights reserved. These DVDs are authorized for sale or rent only in the country
where originally sold (i. e., only in the U.S. or only in Canada, respectively).
Unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or exhibition violates federal laws with severe
penalties and violates Pictures Home Entertainment's standard terms of trade"

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(3) These statements inform the viewer that they must respect "all rights", may not use
or reproduce the contents, or endure "severe penalties". Just what are the "All rights"
that are "reserved"? Can you reserve just any rights? Do you have any rights?
(4) Copyright is a right given to authors and inventors in the Constitution. It is "the
exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries". (Article 1, Section 8
Constitutional Convention, 1790). The "exclusive right" means that the author, and the
author alone, has the right to publish and distribute his work. The same clause includes
inventors and their inventions. Many authors will authorize a publisher to print and
distribute their work. To do this they must transfer their rights to reproduce and to
distribute to the publisher, normally for a limited period of time. Likewise, an inventor
patents her work, then sells patent rights to industries ready to use it.
(5) Since 1790, in different acts of Congress, music, photography, movies, computer
software, graphic arts, and boat hull designs have all been granted copyright
protection. Both legislation and court cases have led to the development of several
"doctrines", or common practices, about copyright.
(6) A "fixed medium" is anything that can be returned to at a later time, which will
display the same information or illustration as before. Paper, computer storage, stone
or clay, paints, and a computerized piano keyboard's recording system all are
considered fixed mediums. No registration or special symbols are needed to gain
copyright; it is present as soon as the somewhat original work is created.
(7) The copyright owner has six basic rights: to make copies, to distribute those copies;
to make derivative works; to perform or display the work in public; and to perform the
work by means of a "digital audio transmission." Any of these rights can be licensed to
another person or a company such as a publisher.
(8) Making copies refers to making any type of copy: a photocopy, a photograph, a
hand-drawn copy that is indistinguishable or close to it; and computer copies of me
any sort. These actions count as infringement even if it can be shown that no one has
viewed the work.
26. What is a copyright? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻨ��؟‬
(A) the right given to authors and inventors for their writings and discoveries
(B) the permission to sell or rent only in the country where originally sold
(C) the transfer of rights to a publisher or an industry
(D) the ability to accurately copy something
27. What do most Americans see at the start of DVDs?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺮى ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا��ﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ أﻗﺮاص دي ﻓﻲ دي؟‬
(A) an FBI warning
(B) an ID number
(C) a fixed medium
(D) a mark of quality
28. How many basic rights does a copyright owner have?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ا��ﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻊ واﻟﻨ��؟‬
(A) 4
(B) 6

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(C) 8
(D) 10
Passage 4
Hot deserts
(1) Hot deserts are found near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The largest hot
desert is the Sahara in Africa which covers the whole northern part of the continent.
(2) Hot deserts have an extreme climate and challenging environment. There is very
little plant or animal life because of the difficult climate. Few plant and animal species
are specialized enough to survive there. Plants and animals which do survive have
adapted to difficult conditions. The biotic (living) parts of the hot desert and the abiotic
(non-living) parts of the hot desert rely on one another - a change in one will result in a
change in the other.
(3) The climate is very hot. Summer day-time temperatures can be more than 40°C.
However, at night the temperature can drop below 0°C. The climate is also very dry
with less than 250mm of rain a year. Hot deserts have two seasons: summer, when the
daytime temperature is between 35 and 40°C, and winter, when the temperature is
between 20 and 30°C.
(4) Desert soils are thin with sand and rocks and are generally grey in color. They are
very dry. When it does rain, they soak up the water very quickly. The surface of the soil
may appear crusty. This is due to the lack of rain. In summer, it is so hot that the water
is brought up to the surface of the soil by evaporation. As the water evaporates, salts
are left behind on the surface.
29. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) to study geography
(B) to convince
(C) to inform
(D) to entertain
30. What is one important point that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) Deserts include hot and cold deserts.
(B) Hot deserts have two seasons: summer and winter.
(C) The soil in hot deserts is salty because of evaporation.
(D) The climate and environment of hot deserts are difficult for life.
31. What is one important point that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) The Sahara Desert in Africa is the largest hot desert in the world.
(B) The surface of the soil in hot deserts is very dry.
(C) The climate is challenging in different parts of the world.
(D) Temperatures change a lot during the day and year in hot deserts.

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Passage 5
The human cost of Stalin's 5-year plans
(1) In 1927. Stalin's main aim for his country, Russia, was to modernize its industry. His 5-
year plans set ambitious targets for important heavy industries such as coal, iron, oil,
and electricity.
(2) However, there was a human cost to achieving the tares set in the 5-year plans. This
cost was paid by the workers. Many foreign experts and engineers were called in by
Stalin to help with work and in their letters and reports they are amazed by at the
toughness of the Russian people and how hard they worked. The most famous worker
was Alexei Stakhanov. In 1935, with two helpers, he managed to cut 102 tons of coal in
one day's work. This was fourteen times the average. Stakhanov became a hero of the
country, and the government newspapers and radio encouraged all Russian workers to
be like him.
(3) Life was very difficult under Stalin. Workers had targets to meet and were punished
if they did not meet them. Factory discipline was strict, and punishments were hard
Workers who were late or absent would lose their jobs and sometimes their flat or
house as well. On the great engineering projects, such as dams and canals, worker
conditions were very poor and there were many accidents and deaths. It is estimated
that 100,000 workers died in the construction of the Belomor canal.
32. What is one important idea related to the workers that the writer mentions in
paragraph (2)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ واﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫(؟‬2)
(A) They had to pay money.
(B) They became famous.
(C) They were foreigners.
(D) They were hard working.
33. What is one important idea mentioned about Alexei Stakhanov in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻋﻦ أﻟﻴﻜ�� ﺳﺘﺎﺧﺎﻧﻮف ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) He was an example of a good worker.
(B) He had two helpers.
(C) He worked in 1935.
(D) He was a coal worker
34. Why does the writer mention the example of the construction of the Belomar
Canal? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﻨﺎء ﻗﻨﺎة ﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎر؟‬
(A) to show how workers were punished
(B) to show a great engineering project
(C) to show the poor work conditions
(D) to show the difficulty of living under Stalin
35. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) hard work in Russia's factories
(B) Stalin's successful 5-year plan
(C) Russia's development in 1927
(D) life working under Stalin

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Passage 6
Improving Memory
(1) Now and then we are dismayed at our forgetfulness – at our embarrassing inability
to recall someone's name, at forgetting to bring up a point in conversation, at
forgetting to bring along something important, at finding ourselves standing in a room
unable to recall why we are there. What can we do to minimize such lapses? Much as
biology benefits medicine and botany benefits agriculture, so can the psychology of
memory benefit education. Sprinkled throughout this chapter and summarized here for
easy reference are concrete suggestions for improving memory.
(2) Study repeatedly to boost long-term recall. Overlearn To learn a name, say it to
yourself after being introduced; wait a few seconds and say it again; wait longer and
say it again. To provide many separate study sessions, make use of life's little intervals -
riding on the bus, walking across campus, waiting for class to start.
(3) Spend more time rehearsing or actively thinking about the material. Speedreading
(skimming) complex material - with minimal rehearsal - yields little retention. Rehearsal
and critical reflection help more. It pays to study actively.
(4) Make the material personally meaningful. To build a network of retrieval cues, take
thorough text and class notes in your own words. Mindlessly repeating information is
relatively ineffective. Better to form images, understand and organize information,
relate the material to what you already know or have experienced and write it out in
your own words. Without such cues, you may be stuck when a question uses phrasing
different from the rote forms you memorized. To increase retrieval cues, form as many
associations as possible.
36. What does the passage say about memory? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة؟‬
(A) It comes easily.
(B) It is impossible to improve.
(C) You need it for conversation.
(D) You need to work actively for it.
37. What is one way to help remember things? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻄﺮق ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ا��ﺷﻴﺎء؟‬
(A) speed reading
(B) summarizing
(C) note taking
(D) making recordings
38. Which word or words can we use to replace the word so in Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ أو اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻟﺬا" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
(A) in the same way
(B) in other words
(C) however
(D) due to
39. Why does the writer use the word relatively in Paragraph (4)?
‫(؟‬4) ‫"ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
ً ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
(A) to show it is slightly effective

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(B) to show the correct method

(C) to show it's enjoyable
(D) to show he disagrees
40. How does the writer feel about forgetfulness? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎن؟‬
(A) It could be exciting.
(B) It could be surprising.
(C) It could be interesting.
(D) It could be embarrassing.

Passage 7
Vitamins and Minerals
(1) Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts to function
properly. Humans need 13 different vitamins, which have many roles in the body. For
example, Vitamin A helps maintain good vision. Vitamin B helps form red blood cells.
Vitamin K is needed for blood to clot when you have a cut or other wound.
(2) Some vitamins are produced in the body. For example, Vitamin D is made in the skin
when it is exposed to sunlight. Vitamins B and K are produced by bacteria that normally
live inside the body. Most other vitamins must come from foods. Foods that are good
sources of vitamins include whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and milk.
(3) Not getting sufficient vitamins can cause health problems. For example, too little
vitamin C causes a disease called scurvy. People with scurvy have bleeding gums,
nosebleeds, and other symptoms.
(4) Minerals are chemical elements that are needed for body processes. Minerals that
you need in small amounts include iodine, iron, and zinc. Minerals have many
important roles in the body. For example, calcium and phosphorus are needed for
strong bones and teeth. Potassium and sodium are needed for muscles and nerves to
work normally.
(5) Your body cannot produce any of the minerals that it needs. Instead, you must get
minerals from the foods you eat. Good sources of minerals include milk, leafy green
vegetables, and whole grains. Not getting enough minerals can cause health problems.
For example, too little calcium may cause osteoporosis. This is a disease in which bones
become soft and break easily. Getting too much of some minerals can also cause health
problems. Many people get too much sodium from packaged foods and adding table salt.
Too much sodium causes high blood pressure in some people.
41. What is one negative effect of taking too much sodium?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ ا��ﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻮدﻳﻮم؟‬
(A) high blood pressure
(B) weak bones
(C) bleeding
(D) headache
42. Why is vitamin K needed in the body? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﺠﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ك؟‬
(A) to help muscles work normally
(B) to help cuts stop bleeding

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(C) to make red blood cells

(D) to improve the health of the skin
43. The word maintain in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………..
...........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪ" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) share
(B) find
(C) keep
(D) improve
44. The word sufficient in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………………….
..........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة‬
(A) important
(B) extra
(C) enough
(D) different

Passage 8

45. What was the birth rate in Saudi Arabia in 2015? ‫ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻤﻮاﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
‫؟‬2015 ‫ﻋﺎم‬
(A) 19.56
(B) 19.92
(C) 19.99
(D) 20.28
46. Which year had the highest birth rate in Saudi Arabia?
‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻋﺎم ﻛﺎن أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺪل ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) 2006
(B) 2007
(C) 2015
(D) 2016

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Passage 9
Inflation
(1) Inflation is when most prices in an entire economy are rising. However, there is an
extreme form of inflation called hyperinflation. This occurred in Germany between 1921
and 1928, and more recently in Zimbabwe between 2008 and 2009. In November 2008,
Zimbabwe had an inflation rate of 79.6 billion percent. In contrast, in 2014, the United
States had an average annual rate of inflation of 1.6%. Zimbabwe's inflation rate was so
high it is difficult to comprehend, so let's put it into context. It is equivalent to price
increases of 98% per day. This means that, from one day to the next, prices essentially
double.
(2) What is life like in an economy afflicted with hyperinflation? Most of you reading this
will have never experienced this phenomenon. The government adjusted prices for
commodities in Zimbabwean dollars several times each day. There was no desire to
hold on to currency since it lost value by the minute. The people there spent a great
deal of time getting rid of any cash they acquired by purchasing whatever food or
other commodities they could find. At one point, a loaf of bread cost 550 million
Zimbabwean dollars. Teachers' salaries were in the trillions a month; however, this was
equivalent to only one U.S. dollar a day.
(3) At its height, it took 621.984.228 Zimbabwean dollars to purchase one U.S. dollar.
Government agencies had no money to pay their workers, so they started printing
money to pay their bills rather than raising taxes. Rising prices caused the government
to enact price controls on private businesses, which led to shortages and the
emergence of black markets where prices rose as fast as the Government printed more
money. In 2009, the country abandoned its currency and allowed people to use foreign
currencies for purchases. The value of foreign currencies did not change much, so
prices in foreign currencies were steadier. This helped reduce the hyperinflation.
(4) How does this happen? How can both the government and the economy fail to
function at the most basic level? Before we consider these extreme cases of
hyperinflation, let's first look at inflation itself.
(5) Inflation is a general and on-going rise in the level of prices in an entire economy.
Inflation does not refer to a change in relative prices. A relative price change occurs
when you see that the price of tuition has risen, but the price of laptops has fallen.
Inflation, on the other hand, means that there is pressure for prices to rise in most
markets in the economy. In addition, price increases in the supply-and-demand model
were one-time events, representing a shift from a previous equilibrium to a new one.
Inflation implies an on-going rise in prices. If inflation happened for one year and then
stopped, then it would not be inflation anymore.
(6) The most commonly cited measure of inflation in the United States is the Consumer
Price Index (CPT). Government statisticians at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
calculate the CPI based on the prices in a fixed basket of goods and services that
represents the purchases of the average family of four. In recent years, the statisticians
have paid considerable attention to a subtle problem: that the change in the total cost
of buying a fixed basket of goods and services over time is conceptually not quite the

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same as the change in the cost of living, because the cost of living represents how
much it costs for a person to feel that his or her consumption provides an equal level of
satisfaction or utility. To understand the distinction, imagine that over the past 10 years,
the cost of purchasing a fixed basket of goods may be a misleading measure of how
your cost of living has changed.
(7) Alternatively, imagine that people are utterly indifferent to whether they have
peaches or other types of fruit. Now, if peach prices rise, people completely switch to
other fruit choices and the average price of food does not change at all. A fixed and
unchanging basket of goods assumes that consumers are locked into buying exactly
the same goods, regardless of price changes, not a very likely assumption. Thus,
substitution bias the rise in the price of a fixed basket of goods over time tends to
overstate the rise in a consumer's true cost of living, because it does not take into
account that the person can substitute away from goods whose relative prices have
risen.
(8) The other major problem in using a fixed basket of goods as the basis for
calculating inflation is how to deal with the arrival of improved versions of older goods
or altogether new goods. Consider the problem that arises if a cereal is improved by
adding 12 essential vitamins and minerals and also if a box of the cereal costs 5% more.
It would clearly be misleading to count the entire resulting higher price as inflation,
because the new price reflects a higher quality (or at least different) product. Ideally,
one would like to know how much of the higher price is due to the quality change, and
how much of it is just a higher price.
47. What are two things that happen when there is hyperinflation?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﺎن اﻟﻠﺬان ﻳﺤﺪﺛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎك ﺗﻀﺨﻢ ﻣﻔﺮط؟‬
(A) People get rid of their cash and inflation rises to 1.6%.
(B) Prices rise several times a day and inflation rises to 1.6%.
(C) People use foreign currency and there is a shortage of goods in the market.
(D) The government adjusts prices several times each day and people get rid of cash.
48. What two things did the Zimbabwean government do that increased hyperinflation?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ زﻳﻤﺒﺎﺑﻮي ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط؟‬
(A) did not raise taxes and abandoned the Zimbabwean dollar
(B) printed too much money and allowed the people to use foreign currency
(C) printed too much money and enacted price controls resulting in black markets
(D) enacted price controls resulting in black markets and allowed the people to use
foreign currency
49. What two things happen when the price of a good goes up?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ؟‬
(A) Consumers purchase less of it and seek out substitutes instead.
(B) The quality of the good will improve, but consumers will seek out substitutes.
(C) Consumers purchase less of the good, but the quality of the good will improve.
(D) Consumers will spend more money on the good because they will not change their
buying habits and goods with falling prices will be important.

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(4) One way knowledge is certainly changing is in the way it is represented. Socrates
criticized writing because it could not lead to 'true' knowledge which came only from
verbal dialogue and oratory. Writing however is important because it provides a
permanent record of knowledge. The printing press was important because it enabled
the written word to spread to many more people. As a consequence, scholars could
challenge and better interpret, through reflection, what others had written and more
accurately and carefully argue their own positions.
53. What word does the expression "the way information is represented and
transmitted" repeat? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ"؟‬
(A) message
(B) medium
(C) focus
(D) understanding
54. Which of the following does the writer say is a fact? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
(A) Chris Anderson is TED Talks CEO.
(B) Academics nowadays rely mainly on the written medium.
(C) Printing press is important in the transmission of knowledge.
(D) McLuhan and Downes claim the Internet changed knowledge.
55. How is the writer's view of writing as a medium of knowledge different from
Socrates' view? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻘﺮاط؟‬
(A) He believes it is a complex process.
(B) He believes it cannot lead to knowledge.
(C) He believes it is an effective record of knowledge.
(D) He believes it is inferior to verbal communication.
56. What can we understand about new technologies from Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) They have a major effect on economies.
(B) They present various risks to the society.
(C) They are unable to create new knowledge.
(D) They have a significant impact on knowledge.
57. What can we understand about the printing press from Paragraph (4)?
‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) That it had several negative effects.
(B) That it led to advances in knowledge.
(C) That it spread quickly in various countries.
(D) That it changed the structure of the society.

Passage 12
Bees ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38) and that
they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and work together to
produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more than 1,400 years afterwards,
has accepted that this information is indeed correct. Now, scientists in the United

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Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures may also have feelings and
emotions similar to those of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent
years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many
explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease
and pesticides. Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate,
this is a very serious situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of
the world's crops depend on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do
they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells.
After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they
were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet
prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees
would do if they were put in a stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make
them think they were in danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for
new smells, and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste good, it
seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These bees had become
“pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much more likely to try tastes from
new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of
the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings
of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This
knowledge, along with further investigations into bee behavior and "feelings" can
hopefully be used to understand and remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and
for ours.
58. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
...........‫( إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺪﻫﺸﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59. Why are bees important to humans? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺒ��؟‬
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.
60. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
‫أي ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف ﻳﺼﻒ ﻛﻴﻒ درب اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺤﻞ؟‬
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

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Model 22
Passage 1
Sleep Disorders ‫اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﻨﻮم‬
(1) The idea that "everyone needs 8 hours of sleep" is untrue. Newborns spend nearly
two-thirds of their day asleep, most adults no more than one-third. Age. related
differences in average time spent sleeping are rivaled by differences in the normal
amount of sleep among individuals at any age. Some people thrive with fewer than 6
hours of sleep per night; others regularly sleep 9 hours or more. Sleep patterns may be
genetically influenced. When two researchers, Wilse Webb and Scott Campbell, checked
the pattern and duration of sleep among fraternal and identical twins, only the identical
twins were strikingly similar.
(2) Whatever their normal need for sleep, some 10 to 15 percent of adults complain of
insomnia - persistent problems in falling or staying asleep. True insomnia is not the
occasional inability to sleep that we experience when anxious or excited. For a stressed
organism, alertness is natural and adaptive. Moreover, from middle age on, sleep is
seldom uninterrupted. Occasional awakenings become the norm, not something to fret
over or treat with medication.
(3) Sometimes people fret unnecessarily about their sleep. Scientists have learned to
doubt people's fretful sleep reports. In laboratory studies, insomnia complainers do get
less sleep than others, but they typically overestimate, by about double, how long it took
them to fall asleep, and they underestimate by nearly half how long they actually slept.
Even if we've been awake only an hour or two, we may think we've had little sleep.
because it's the waking part we remember. When researchers awaken people repeatedly
during the night, some recall having slept soundly.
(4) The most common quick fixes for true insomnia - sleeping pills - can aggravate the
problem. Both reduce REM sleep and can leave a person with next-day blahs. With
continued use, one needs bigger doses to get an effect, and when the drug is
discontinued, the insomnia may worsen. Scientists are searching for natural chemicals
that are abundant during sleep and might be synthesized as a sleep aid without side
effects. In the meantime, sleep experts offer other natural alternatives:
• Relax before bedtime, using dimmer light.
• Avoid caffeine (this includes chocolate) after late afternoon and avoid rich foods before
bedtime. A glass of milk may help. (Milk provides raw materials for the manufacture of
serotonin, a neurotransmitter that facilitates sleep.)
• Sleep on a regular schedule (rise at the same time even after a restless night) and avoid
naps. A regular sleep schedule boosts daytime alertness, too, as shown in a recent
experiment in which University of Arizona students slept 7.5 hours a night on either a
varying or consistent schedule
• Exercise regularly but not in the late evening. (Late afternoon is best.)

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• Reassure yourself that the temporary loss of sleep causes no great harm, certainly
nothing worth losing sleep over.
• If nothing else works, aim for less sleep; go to bed later or get up earlier.

(5) More rare but also more severe than insomnia are the sleep disorders narcolepsy and
sleep apnea. People with narcolepsy (from narco, "numbness, "and lepsy," seizure") suffer
periodic, overwhelming sleepiness. This usually lasts less than 5 minutes but sometimes
occurs at the most inopportune times, perhaps just after taking a terrific swing at a
softball or when laughing loudly or shouting angrily. In severe cases, the person may
collapse directly into a brief period of REM sleep, with its accompanying loss of muscular
tension. Those who suffer from narcolepsy - 1 in 2000 people, estimates the Stanford
University Center for Narcolepsy - must live with extra caution.
(6) The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute reports that 1 in 25 people (mostly
overweight men) suffer from sleep apnea - a treatable disorder that was unknown before
modern sleep research. They intermittently stop breathing during sleep. (Apnea means
"stopping respiration”) After an airless minute or so, decreased blood oxygen arouses
the sleeper to awaken and snort in air for a few seconds. The process can repeat more
than 400 times a night, depriving the person of slow-wave sleep. Apart from complaints
of sleepiness and irritability during the day - and their friends' complaints about their
loud "snoring"- apnea sufferers are often unaware of their disorder.
21. What percentage of adults have problems falling asleep?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮم؟‬
(A) 2-3 percent
(B) 6-8 percent
(C) 10-15 percent
(D) 20-25 percent
22. How many people suffer from narcolepsy? ‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ا��ﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺪار؟‬
(A) 1 in 5 people
(B) 1 in 25 people
(C) 1 in 400 people
(D) 1 in 2000 people
23. Who did a study on sleep apnea? ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻮم؟‬
(A) The University of Arizona
(B) The New York Center for Sleep Apnea
(C) The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
(D) The Stanford University Center for Narcolepsy
24. What did Wilse Webb and Scott Campbell study? ‫ﻣﺎذا درس وﻳﻠﺲ وﻳﺐ وﺳﻜﻮت‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻞ؟‬
(A) different types of men
(B) different types of twins
(C) different types of adults
(D) different types of parents

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25. Who usually experiences sleep apnea? ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻮم؟‬
(A) fat men
(B) thin women
(C) normal adults
(D) identical twins
Passage 2
Oceans
(1) The oceans make up 70 percent of the planet and contain 97 percent of all the water
on Earth. It also makes up the vast majority of water stores, the majority of the planet's
moisture, terrestrial energy, and heat from the sun. This energy is transferred between
the equator and the two poles by larger surface currents, by winds and deep ocean
currents driven by differences in ocean density. It also provides the moisture and energy
for storm systems and ultimately global climates.
(2) As terrestrial creatures, humans think of the importance of the planet's land surfaces,
yet Earth is a planet consisting of 70 percent water. From space, the dominance of water
is obvious because most of it is stored in Earth's oceans.
(3) Earth would not be the same planet without its oceans. The oceans, along with the
atmosphere, keep Earth's surface temperatures fairly constant worldwide. Some places
on Earth reach as cold as -20 degrees Celsius, whereas other places reach as hot as 55
degrees Celsius. Yet on other planets like Mercury, temperatures range from -180
degrees Celsius to 430 degrees Celsius.
26. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) to recommend
(B) to complain
(C) to advise
(D) to inform
27. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) Both poles are covered in ice.
(B) Earth is cooler than Mercury.
(C) Oceans are extremely important.
(D) Water is essential to living things.

Passage 3
Cost Benefit Analysis
(1) Cost-benefit analysis weighs the gains and losses to different individuals and suggests
carrying out changes that provide greater benefits than harm. For example, a property
tax used to build a local park creates a benefit to those who use the park, but harms
those who own property (although, by increasing property values, even non-users obtain
some benefits). Since some of the taxpayers won't use the park, it won't be the case that
everyone benefits on balance. Cost-benefit analysis weighs the costs against the benefits.

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In the case of the park, the costs are readily monetized (turned into dollars), because the
costs to the tax-payers are just the amount of the tax.
(2) In contrast, the benefits are much more challenging to estimate. Conceptually, the
benefits are the amount the park users would be willing to pay to use the park if the park
charged admission. However, if the park doesn't charge admission, we would have to
estimate willingness-to-pay. In principle, the park provides greater benefits than costs if
the benefits to the users exceed the losses to the taxpayers.
(3) The first step in the process is to compile a comprehensive list of all the costs and
benefits associated with the project or decision. Costs should include direct and indirect
costs, intangible costs, opportunity costs and the cost of potential risks. Benefits should
include all direct and indirect revenues and intangible benefits, such as increased
production from improved employee safety and morale, or increased sales from
customer goodwill.
28. What is the main idea in the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
(A) Employee production increases when they get more benefits.
(B) Some taxpayers may benefit less from certain public services.
(C) Indirect and intangible costs are always important to consider.
(D) Cost-benefit analysis helps to reduce costs and increase benefits.
29. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Cost-benefit analysis weighs the gains and losses to different individuals and
suggests carrying out changes that provide greater benefits than harm.
(B) For example, a property tax used to build a local park creates a benefit to those who
use the park, but harms those who own property.
(C) Since some of the taxpayers won't use the park, it won't be the case that everyone
benefits on balance.
(D) In the case of the park, the costs are readily monetized (turned into dollars),
because the costs to the tax-payers are just the amount of the tax.
30. What does Paragraph (1) say about local parks?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺪاﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Local parks lower property values
(B) People pay less taxes when local parks are built.
(C) People prefer those local parks are built in larger neighborhoods
(D) Local parks are useful for the people who take advantage of them.
31. Which of the following statements about property values does Paragraph (1)
support? ‫(؟‬1) ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Property values go up when a local park is built.
(B) Property values are used to find out property taxes.
(C) Property values increase and decrease at different times.
(D) Property values are equal to the gains and losses people have.

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Passage 4
Stages or Economic Activity
(1) There are three main stages of economic activity, these stages are typical of nearly all
production, and they are called the levels of economic — or business - activity:
(2) Stage 1 is called the primary stage of production. This stage involves the earth's natural
resources. Activities in the primary sector of industry include farming, fishing, forestry and
the extraction of natural materials, such as oil and copper ore.
(3) Stage 2 is called the secondary stage of production. This stage involves taking the
materials and resources provided by the primary sector and converting them into
manufactured or processed goods. Activities in the secondary sector of industry include
building and construction, car manufacturing and computer assembly.
(4) Stage 3 is called the tertiary stage of production. This stage involves providing services
to both consumers and other businesses. Activities in the tertiary sector of industry
include transport, banking, retail, insurance, hotels and hairdressing.
(5) In some countries, primary industries such as mining employ many more people than
manufacturing or service industries. These tend to be countries — often called
developing countries — where manufacturing industry has only recently been
established. As most people still live in the rural areas with low incomes, there is little
demand for services such as transport, hotels and insurance. The levels of both
employment and output in the primary sector in these countries are likely to be high. In
countries which started up manufacturing industries many years ago, the secondary and
tertiary sectors are likely to employ many more workers than the primary sector. The level
of output in the primary sector is often small compared to the other two sectors.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) Production is the first stage.
(B) The level of output is highest in stage three.
(C) Employment is highest in stage two.
(D) Economic activity occurs in three stages.
33. Which stage of production are hotels an example of?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ا��ﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق ﻣﺜﺎ��ً ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؟‬
(A) Primary
(B) Secondary
(C) Tertiary
(D) Elementary
34. What is one important idea in Paragraph (3) related to the secondary stage of
production? ‫( اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻟ��ﻧﺘﺎج؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Employment is high.
(B) Services are performed.
(C) New goods are made.
(D) It is the most important stage.

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Passage 5
(1) Since 1876, when Henry Heinz first started selling ketchup in glass bottles, people have
been arguing over the best way to get the condiment out of the packaging and onto
their plates. A physicist decided to apply a little science to the matter and now has found
what he calls a scientifically optimized method for getting the ketchup to flow.
(2) While it may look like a liquid, ketchup is actually a non-Newtonian fluid. Instead of
flowing consistently the viscosity of these substances change with the amount of force
put on them.
(3) Because of the physics that govern ketchup's viscosity, packaging them in glass bottles
makes it much harder to hit that pressure sweet spot. But if you' re dedicated on sticking
to the classics and not switching to squeeze bottles, Stickland has developed a method
based on physics for coaxing ketchup out of the bottle, Daisy Meager reports for
Munchies.
(4) You have to start by giving the sauce a good shake," Stickland says in a statement.
(5) The next step is to flip the bottle upside-down (with the lid still on). Then, shake the
bottle until the ketchup has slid into its neck. Lastly, turn the bottle so that it's pointing
towards your meal at a 45-degree angle and uncap. If needed, Stickland says to give the
ketchup a little "encouragement" by tapping on the bottom of the bottle-gently at first,
but with increasing force until it finally slides out and onto the plate. "The trick is to get
the sauce flowing, but not too fast."
35. What is the most important step in getting ketchup to flow?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ أﻫﻢ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻓﻲ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ ﻳﺘﺪﻓﻖ؟‬
(A) holding the bottle at a 45-degree angle
(B) mixing the ketchup with water
(C) keeping the ketchup warm
(D) shaking the bottle well
36. Which word can we use to replace the word While in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﺛﻨﺎء" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Because
(B) Although
(C) However
(D) Besides
37. What does the passage say about ketchup sold in glass bottles?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺸﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﺎع ﻓﻲ ﻋﺒﻮات زﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) Large amounts are easier to get out of a glass bottle than small amounts.
(B) Henry Heinz suggested the best way to get ketchup out of a glass bottle.
(C) A scientist designed a glass bottle that makes ketchup flow more easily.
(D) Getting ketchup out of a glass bottle can be made easier by science.
38. Why does the writer use the word then in Paragraph (5)?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "إذن" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) to show that shaking the bottle is part of a list of steps.

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(B) to give an example of how you should shake the bottle.

(C) to give more information about the making of ketchup.
(D) to show that tapping the bottle is different from shaking it.

Passage 6
Recent Palm Expansion

39. How many hectares of palm area did the Private Estate reach by 2008?
‫؟‬2008 ‫ﻛﻢ ﻫﻜﺘﺎرا ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﻴﻞ وﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم‬
(A) 1 million
(B) 2.3 million
(C) 1.3 million
(D) 3.5 million
Passage 7
Human Impact on the Water Cycle
(1) Human impact on precipitation
There are a number of ways in which human activity affects precipitation. Cloud seeding
has probably been one of the more successful. Rain requires particles, such as dust and
ice, on which to form. Seeding introduces silver iodide, solid CO2 (dry ice) or ammonium
nitrate to attract water droplets.
(2) Human impact on evaporation and transpiration
The human impact on evaporation and transpiration is relatively small in relation to the
rest of the hydrological cycle but is nevertheless important.

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(3) Dams – there has been an increase in evaporation due to the construction of large
dams. For example, Lake Nasser behind the Aswan Dam loses up to a third of its water
due to evaporation. Water loss can be reduced by using chemical sprays on the surface,
by building sand-fill dams and by covering the dams with plastic.
(4) Urbanization leads to a huge reduction in evapotranspiration due to the lack of
vegetation. There may also be a slight increase in evaporation because of higher
temperatures and increased surface storage.
(5) Human impact on infiltration and soil water
Human activity has a great impact on infiltration and soil water. Land use changes are
important. Urbanization creates an impermeable surface, with compacted soil. This
reduces infiltration and increases overland runoff and flood peaks. Infiltration is up to five
times greater under forests compared with grassland.
40. What causes a reduction in evapotranspiration? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﺢ؟‬
(A) NO surface storage
(B) higher temperatures
(C) lower overland runoff
(D) NOT enough vegetation
41. What is one important effect of building dams? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ ا��ﺛﺎر اﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﺪود؟‬
(A) an increase in cloud seeding
(B) changing how land is used
(C) reducing chemical sprays
(D) a rise in evaporation
42. The word reduction in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ……………..
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﺧﺘﺰال" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) fall
(B) choice
(C) success
(D) possibility
43. The word impact in Paragraph (5) is closest in meaning to ………………..
........... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬5) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) damage
(B) effect
(C) benefit
(D) connection

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Passage 8
Internet Language

44. How many people used the internet in Chinese in 2017?

‫؟‬2017 ‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد ا��ﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا ا��ﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
(A) 1277 million
(B) 985 million
(C) 771 million
(D) 2017 million
45. In June 2017, how many users explored the internet in English?
‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﻜﺸﻔﻮا ا��ﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ا��ﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ؟‬، 2017 ‫ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬
(A) 897 million
(B) 985 million
(C) 1,000 million
(D) 3,886 million
Passage 9
Greenhouse effect
(1) The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that aids in heating the Earth's
surface and atmosphere. It results from the fact that certain atmospheric gases, such as
carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, are able to change the energy balance of
the planet by absorbing long wave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface. Without

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the greenhouse effect life on this planet would probably not exists, as the average
temperature of the Earth would be a chilly-18 º Celsius, rather than the present 15 º.
(2) As energy from the Sun passes through the atmosphere a number of things take
place. A portion of the energy (26% globally) is reflected or scattered back to space
by clouds and other atmospheric particles. About 19% of the energy available is
absorbed by clouds, gases (like ozone), and particles in the atmosphere. Of the
remaining 55% of the solar energy passing through the Earth’s atmosphere. 4% is
reflected from the surface back to space. On average, about 51% of the Sun's radiation
reaches the surface. This energy is then used in a number of processes, including the
heating of the ground surface; the melting of ice and snow and the evaporation of
water; and plant photosynthesis.
(3) The heating of the ground by sunlight causes the Earth's surface to become a
radiator of energy in the long wave band (sometimes called in the radiation). This
emission of energy is generally directed to space. However, only a small portion of this
energy actually makes it back to space. The majorly of the outgoing infrared radiation is
absorbed by the greenhouse gases.
(4) Absorption of long wave radiation by the atmosphere Causes additional heat energy
to be added to the Earth's atmospheric system. The now warner atmospheric
greenhouse gas molecules begin radiating long wave energy in all directions. Over 90%
of this emission of long wave energy is directed back to the Earth's surface where it
once again is absorbed by the surface. The heating of the ground by the long wave
radiation causes the ground surface to once again radiate, repeating the cycle
described above, again and again, until no more long wave is available for absorption.
(5) The amount of heat energy added to the atmosphere by the greenhouse effect is
controlled by the concentration of greenhouse in the Earth's atmosphere. All of the
major greenhouse gases have increased in concentration since the beginning of the
industrial Revolution. As a result of these higher concentrations. Scientists predict that
the greenhouse effect will be enhanced and the Earth's climate will become warmer.
Predicting the amount of warming is accomplished by computer modeling Computer
models suggest that a doubling of the concentration of the main greenhouse as carbon
dioxide, may raise the average global temperature between 1 and 3º Celsius. However,
the numeric equations of computer models do not accurately simulate the effects of a
number of possible negative feedbacks. For example, many of the models cannot
property Simulate late the negative effects that increased cloudier. These extra clouds
would then reflect a greater proportion of the sun’s energy back to space reducing the
amount of molar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface. With
less solar energy being absorbed at the surface, the effects of an enhanced greenhouse
effect may be counteracted.
(6) A number of gases are involved in the human caused enhancement of the
greenhouse effect. These gases include carbon dioxide (CO2): methane (CH4): nitrous
oxide: (N2O): chlorofluorocarbons (CFC): and troposphere ozone (O3). Of these gases
the single most important gas in carbon dioxide, which accounts for about 55% of the

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change in the intensity of the Earth’s greenhouse effect. The contributions of the other
gases are 25% for chlorofluorocarbons, 15% for methane, and 5% for nitrous oxide.
Ozone’s contribution to the enhancement of greenhouse effect is still yet to be
quantified.
(7) Average concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the year 2005 were about
380 parts per million. Prior to 1700, levels of carbon dioxide were about 280 parts per
million. This increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is primarily due to the
activities of humans. Beginning in 1700, societal change brought about by the industrial
Revolution. Increased the amount of carbon dioxide entering the atmosphere. The
major Sources of this gas include fossil fuel combustion for industry, Transportation,
space heating, electricity generation, and cooking, and vegetation changes in natural
prairie, woodland, and forested ecosystems. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion
account for about 65% of the extra carbon dioxide now found in our atmosphere. The
remaining 35% is derived from deforestation and the conversion of prairie, woodland
and forested ecosystems primarily into agricultural systems.
(8) Artificially created chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the strongest greenhouse gas per
molecule. However, low concentrations in the atmosphere reduce their overall
importance in the enhancement of the greenhouse effect. Current measurements in the
atmosphere indicate that the concentration of these chemicals may soon begin
declining because of reduced emissions. Reports of the development of ozone holes
over the North and Saud Boles and a general decline in global Stratosphere ozone level
over the last two decades has caused many nations to cut back on their production and
use of the chemicals. In 1987, the signing of the Montreal Protocol agreement by forty-
six nations established an immediate timetable for the global reduction of CFC
production and use.
(9) Since 1750, methane concentrations in the atmosphere have increased by more than
150%. The primary sources for the additional methane added to the atmosphere (in
order of importance) are rice cultivation, domestic grazing animals, termites, landfills,
coal mining, and oil, and gas extraction. Anaerobic conditions associated with rice
paddy flooding results in the formation of methane gas. However, an accurate estimate
of how much methane is being produced from rice paddies has been difficult to obtain.
More than 60% of all rice paddies are found in India and China were scientific data
concerning emission rates are unavailable. Nevertheless, scientists believe that the
contribution of rice paddies is large because this form of crop production has more
than doubled since 1950.
46. How much energy is reflected into space by the earth's atmosphere and the earth's
surface? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﻜﺴﻬﺎ اﻟﻐ��ف اﻟﺠﻮي ﻟ��رض وﺳﻄﺢ ا��رض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء؟‬
(A) 26% (by atmosphere) and 4% (by surface)
(B) 19% (by atmosphere) and 4% (by surface)
(C) 26% (by atmosphere) and 19% (by surface)
(D) 51% (by atmosphere) and 19% (by surface)

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47. Which three man-made gases have had the greatest greenhouse effect?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﺜ��ﺛﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ ا��ﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻬﺎ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ا��ﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﺤﺮاري؟‬
(A) Carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and methane
(B) Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide
(C) Carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane
(D) Carbon dioxide, ozone and methane

Passage 10
Mining and Refining
(1) In an industrial society like the United States, the most important nonfuel resources
are iron ore, aluminum ore, copper ore, and minerals containing nitrogen, phosphorus,
and potassium used in fertilizers, a lot of energy is used in mining operations and the
transportation of ore. To make the task of any physical extraction and transportation
worthwhile, the ores must contain enough of the required compound or clement. Some
low-grade ore is not usable because of the cost of the mining process.
(2) Materials extracted from the earth are processed by screening, separating, washing
and grinding. Often, the useful element in an ore is in a chemical form that is not
usable and must be changed to a desirable form. For instance, the aluminum in
aluminum ore is in the form of aluminum ion. To be useful, the aluminum ion needs to
be changed to aluminum metal.
48. The word worthwhile in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………
...........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺟﺪﻳﺮة ﺑﺎ��ﻫﺘﻤﺎم" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) correct
(B) difficult
(C) typical
(D) useful
49. The word extracted in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to …………………
...........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮج" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) removed
(B) replaced
(C) returned
(D) reflected
50. The word desirable in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……………
............‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴﻪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) complete
(B) special
(C) colorful
(D) required

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Passage 11
Automation ‫ا��ﺗﻤﺘﺔ‬
(1) Knowing how and where robots and machines could impact the global economy will
help financial executives in a competitive edge in their industries but predicting which
countries are likely to be impacted most by workforce automation and when isn't as
simple as comparing industries across the globe.
(2) A recent McKinsey Global Institute report. A Future That Works: Automation,
Employment, and Productivity, Analyzed the automation potential of 46 countries,
representing 80% of the global workforce. Several factors are considered, including the
percentage of work activities that could be automated using current technology, the
number of full-time employees that could be affected and wages.
(3) The types of activities that have a high potential for automation are physical tasks in
highly structured and predictable environments, data processing and data collection.
Those that have a considerably lower potential for automation are unpredictable physical
work, interactions with others, applying expertise, and managing others, which is the least
susceptible to automation.
(4) Vast differences are expected in how automation will play out across the globe, as
technical, economic, and social factors will determine the pace and extent of it. But it's
hard to say how quickly automation will become reality, according to the report.
(5) Take manufacturing, for example. One country may save a larger concentration of
work hours in jobs that have higher automation potential, such as production and
administrative support. And another country may have a higher proportion of work hours
in jobs that are less likely to be automated, such as management and engineering.
51. What idea do the words "susceptible to automation" repeat?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟ��ﺗﻤﺘﺔ"؟‬
(A) workforce automation
(B) robots and machines
(C) automation potential
(D) competitive edge
52. What can we understand from Paragraph (2) about the McKinsey Global Institute
research? ‫( ﺣﻮل أﺑﺤﺎث ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﻨﺰي اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It was a large study.
(B) It was an automated study.
(C) It used current technology.
(D) It had an effect on full-time employees.
53. Which of the following is an opinion in the passage? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ رأي ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) The report considered several factors in the automation process.
(B) Automation of work will become a reality for all workers.
(C) The speed of change to automation is difficult to predict.
(D) The McKinsey report studied 46 different countries.

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54. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻪ؟‬

(A) Physical work can be unpredictable.
(B) The report considered information from 46 countries.
(C) Technology has the greatest effect on full-time employees.
(D) The writers of the report interviewed 80% of the global workforce.
55. What idea do the words "administrative support" repeat?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة "دﻋﻢ إداري"؟‬
(A) Management and engineering
(B) Data processing and data collection
(C) Technical, economic and social factors
(D) Applying expertise and managing others
56. What can we understand from Paragraphs (4) and (5) about automation around the
world? ‫( ﺣﻮل ا��ﺗﻤﺘﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ؟‬5) ‫( و‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
(A) It will be very difficult to achieve.
(B) It will become a reality very quickly.
(C) It will be different in different countries.
(D) It will have the biggest effect on manufacturing.

Passage 12
Passage A: Keeping Time in the Paleolithic Era
(1) How would have a Paleolithic forager living 100,000 years ago kept track of time?
We have little direct evidence about Paleolithic time-tracking. However, we can study
modem foraging societies for hints. In a foraging society. the rhythms of the natural
world are critical. You need a pretty good sense of the changing seasons and of the
schedule That other species keep. then you can decide when to move to a new
campground, what plants to collect, and what animals to hunt. Modem foragers sense
such changes with a precision no modern city dweller can match
(2) Keeping track of the time of day and the time of year was not difficult in early
societies ancient people typically spent most of their time outdoors. They could find out
all they needed to know by the positions of the sun and the stars. And aligning your
activities with those of your family and friends was much less complicated than it is
today. Back then, people lived in small groups and met face to face.
(3) Meetings with other communities often happened based on the season. There was
no need for precise scheduling. If a group normally met with a neighboring tribe when
the reader returned it didn't really matter if their schedules were a few days, off.
Foraging Societies were much more forgiving about appointments than we are.

(4) So, no special instruments were required for timekeeping. But there are clues that
even Paleolithic forms didn’t rely entirely on their memories and their senses to keep
track of time.
Passage B: Keeping Time in Agrarian societies

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(1) Agrarian societies began to appear 11.000 years ago. As they exploded, they linked
up with their neighbors. Now they needed more ratable methods of keeping time. If
you wanted to sell some vegetables in a country town or warship at a nevtry temple
you had to know exactly when the markets and religious rights were held- and you
needed to know in advance. Now you needed calendars that everyone agreed on and
shared. If your village depended on irrigation, everyone needed to know exactly when
the irrigation gates would be opened.
(2) Similarly, seeds were planted at particular times. the harvest was also collected
according to seasonal calendars. These early calendars were based on Earth’s orbit
around the sun and associated climate patterns.
(3) This is why new devices began to appear that could track time more precisely. one
method of timekeeping was to watch the sun’s shadow using sundials.

57. What do passages A and B say about time- keeping in both eras?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻛ�� اﻟﻌ��ﻳﻦ؟‬
(A) that it became more precise over the years
(B) that it was closely linked to animals' schedules
(C) that it was crucial for trading between villages
(D) that it had little impact on agricultural activities
58. According to Passages A and B, which time-keeping methods were used in both
eras? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻃﺮق ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﺤﻘﺒﺘﻴﻦ؟‬، ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ و ب‬
(A) stick in the ground
(B) sand-filled containers
(C) the sun and the stars
(D) spending time outdoors
59. According to Passages A and B, what did seasons specify for early humans?
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺪدﺗﻪ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ﻟ��ﻧﺴﺎن ا��واﺋﻞ؟‬، ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ و ب‬
(A) time to interact with neighboring communities
(B) time to open irrigation gates
(C) time to hold religious ceremonies
(D) time to live in small groups
60. What can we understand from Passages A and B about people's lives in both eras?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﺤﻘﺒﺘﻴﻦ؟‬
(A) They had well-developed calendars.
(B) They always relied on their sense of time.
(C) Some religious events took place on specific dates.
(D) They collected certain plants in specific seasons.

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Model 23
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's
arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe
the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire
destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other
smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster
that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it
would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would
have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet
with sweat. He was too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting
the fire. He turned his head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man
was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he
forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others
with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because
(A) he had sweat all over him.
(B) he was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) he had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves
(A) working with proper tools
(B) avoiding fire hazards
(C) losing one's courage
(D) caring for others
23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………
(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man
Passage 2 Giant Panda
1. An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese government has an
agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years,
they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old
female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight
from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
2. Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and even language
lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her

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new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and
feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia,
since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or
higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.
24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺮاس اﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن أن ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻲ ��ن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C) so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻲ ��ن ﺗﻌﻴﺶ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) in Sichuan, China
(B) in Atlanta, Georgia
(C) in an American research center
(D) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center

Passage 3
Nanotechnology
(1) Anybody who doesn't know much about nanotechnology should begin with geckos.
These are the lizards that are probably the world's best climbers. Watching them climb
upside down on a horizontal pane of glass, you realize that Spiderman should really
have been called Geckoman. These guys out-climb spiders any day.
(2) With perfect case they can hang from a single toe, and they do so by pure adhesion, not
by sticking a toe in a hole or by curling it round something they can grip. With all the toes
on the glass, scientists guess that if the rest of the body were strong enough it could take
the weight of a 100kg person suspended below it. Although each toe is equipped with a
tiny hook-like claw at the end, these are of no use on the glass. What keeps them up there
is the amazing structure of the skin of the toe.
(3) Seen under the microscope, each toe has around two million tiny hairs on its
underside. Under the higher magnification of an electron microscope the end of each
of these hairs is seen to split into hundreds of even tinier nano-hairs, which scientists
have called spatulae. These hairs are so small that they are able to establish contact
with the molecular structure of the surface the gecko is walking on. With that near-
perfect contact the hairs are stuck to the surface by electromagnetic forces called Van
der Waals forces. The molecules on the feet and on the surface have areas of slight
positive or negative charge that attract each other like mini magnets when they get
really close.
(4) Scientists have been working for over 15 years now to try to unlock the secrets of
the stickiness of gecko toes and find a way to artificially reproduce the same structure
of nano-hairs. The hypothesis at the moment is that if any material can be shaped into
nano-hairs they will have the same properties as those on gecko toes, so scientists are
looking for a different material with which to make the stickiest synthetic surface ever.

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(5) This is one example of research in the field now known as nanotechnology. In this
field, the technology being created can be measured in a few nanometers (one
nanometer is a millionth of a millimeter). Interest in developing technology at this level
was largely inspired by Richard Feynman at the beginning of the 1960s, but the 'nano
catchphrase was coined in the 1990s by Dr. Eric Drexler, who spurred scientists on
through a series of speeches and a book with the title "Engines of Creation: The
Coming Era of Nanotechnology".
(6) The scientists working on the geckos see an enormously wide range of possible
applications for the kind of adhesive nanotechnology that they will develop the one
that will make the biggest splash in the media will be the gloves and the boots that will
allow rock climbers to take their sport to hitherto undreamed-of heights. But the
technology could also be used in surgery to keep the edges of wounds together
without the need for stitches. There will also be a huge potential in the manufacturing
sector to stick millions of components together tighter than ever before without glue or
screws.
26. How many hairs does a gecko have at the bottom of each toe?
(A) fifteen
(B) hundreds
(C) around two thousand
(D) around two million
27. What are the forces that allow geckos to climb upside down on glass called?
‫رأﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰﺟﺎج؟‬ ً ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟ��ﺑﺮاص ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﻖ‬
(A) Van der Waals forces
(B) Sticking forces
(C) Electric forces
(D) Spatulae forces
28. Who started using the popular phrase "nano"? ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪأ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ "ﻧﺎﻧﻮ"؟‬
(A) Geckoman
(B) Eric Drexler
(c) Albert Einstein
(D) Richard Feynman

Passage 4
(1) Ultrafine aerosol particles found in polluted urban air can contribute to more intense
storms in the Amazon rainforest, with potential knock-on effects for weather and
climate patterns in the region and beyond. researchers have warned.
(2) Particles smaller than 50 nanometers in diameter have a substantial influence on
cloud formation in the Amazon. In turn, the rainforest has a strong influence on climate
regulation worldwide, and aerosol effects observed in this region could also trigger
climate shifts globally. according to a study published in science.
(3) Until this study, ultrafine particles were thought to be too small to affect the
formation of clouds. This has now been overturned, at least in the specific
circumstances of the Amazon. "These tiny particles were thought to be too small to aid

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droplet formation", says meteorologist Luiz Augusto Machado, from the Brazilian
Institute for Space Research's Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, and
one of the study's authors. "Now we verified that their presence is one reason why
some storms become so strong and produce so much rain in the Amazon region".
(4) Pérola de Castro Vasconcellos, a chemist at the University of Sao Paulo's Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry Studies, added: "this study changes the way clouds are to be
represented in models used for weather forecasting, as well as the way researchers
understand the workings of tropical rain".
(5) The research team analyzed the influence of ultrafine particles on cloud cycles in the
rainforest during the 2014 rainy season, when there were no forest fires and the only
source of pollution was Manaus, the largest city in the Amazon.
29. What important information about the research study does the writer mention in
Paragraphs (4) and (5)? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
‫(؟‬5) ‫( و‬4) ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
(A) team of people did the research.
(B) There were no forest fires.
(C) Manaus is in the Amazon.
(D) The study was in 2014.
30. What is one important idea related to ultrafine particles that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (3)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫؟‬3 ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) There are many of them in the air in the Amazon.
(B) They help produce bigger storms in the Amazon.
(C) They are too small to have an effect on the weather.
(D) The Brazilian Institute for Space Research is studying them.
31. What is Manaus an example of? ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺎوس ﻣﺜﺎ�� ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎذا؟‬
(A) a large university city
(B) a large Amazon rainforest
(C) an area with high pollution
(D) an ultrafine aerosol particle
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) effects of aerosol use on weather in the Amazon
(B) pollution and aerosol use in the Amazon
(C) weather forecasting in the Amazon
(D) storms in the Amazon

Passage 5 World Quality Standards

(1) Different companies have different perceptions of quality. Without a common
standard of quality. However, customers may be at the mercy of manufacturers and
vendors. As the number of companies competing in the world marketplace has
increased, so has the seriousness of this problem. To deal with the problem of
standardization, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a

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nongovernmental organization with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, was created.

The ISO is a network of national standards institutes and similar organizations from 161
different countries that is charged with developing standards for quality products and
services that are traded throughout the globe.
(2) Standardization is achieved through consensus agreements between national
delegations representing all the economic stakeholders - suppliers, customers, and
often governments. The member organization for the United States is the American
National Standards Institute located in Washington, D.C.
(3) In 1987, the panel published ISO 9000 (iso is Greek for "equal", which sets the
guidelines for quality procedures that businesses must use to receive certification.
Certification by independent auditors and laboratory testing services serves as evidence
that a company meets the standards for quality control procedures in design,
production processes and product testing.
(4) Although certification is not a legal requirement to do business globally, the
organization's 161 member countries have approved the ISO standards. In fact. ISO
standards are so prevalent around the globe that many customers refuse to do
business with non-certified companies. As an added bonus, companies completing the
certification process often discover new. cost-efficient ways to improve their existing
quality-control programs.
33. What does Paragraph (2) say about standardization? ‫( ﻋﻦ‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺲ؟‬
(A) Guidelines must be used to get certifications.
(B) Everyone has different ideas about standardization.
(C) It is controlled by the American National Standards Institute.
(D) It is a result of agreements between business and governments.
34. How was the problem of different perceptions of quality solved?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻢ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻮرات اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻮدة؟‬
(A) People created ISO and developed standards of quality.
(B) More companies started to compete in the world marketplace.
(C) Customers stopped doing business with non-certified companies.
(D) National delegations started to represent suppliers, customers and governments.
35. Why does the writer use the phrase in fact in Paragraph (4)?
‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) To give more information about the importance of the international ISO standards.
(B) To give an example of how the ISO standards help businesses in member countries.
(C) To show that the common use of ISO standards came after the 161-member
countries agreed to them.
(D) To prove that the 161-member countries approved the ISO standards because
customers refused to do business with non-certified companies.
36. Which word can replace the word Although in Paragraph (4)?
‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Afterwards
(B) As a result

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(C) However
(D) While
37. What does the writer think is an added advantage of ISO certification?
(A) He thinks many customers will only want to do business with ISO certified
companies.
(B) He thinks ISO certification is special because business must use independent
auditors and laboratory testing to prove that they meet the standards.
(C) He thinks the process of certification helps companies save money by improving
their processes.
(D) He thinks that having 161-member countries approve the ISO standards makes the
standards prevalent around the world.

Passage 6
(1) According to a recent study in The Analyst's Accounting Observer, 90 percent of
companies in the Standard Poor's 500-stock index reported nonstandard accounting
results last year, up from 72 percent in 2009.
(2) Regulations still require corporations to report their financial results under
accounting rules. But companies often steer investors instead to massaged calculations
that produce a better outcome.
(3) Among 380 companies that were in existence both last year and in 2009, the study
showed net income was up 6.6 percent in 2015 compared with the previous year when
non-standard accounting was used.
(4) However, under generally accepted accounting principles, net income at the same
380 companies in 2015 actually declined almost 11 percent from 2014.
(5) Another striking fact: Thirty companies in the study generated losses under
accounting rules in 2015 but magically produced profits when they did the math their
own way. Most were in the energy sector, which has been devastated by plummeting
oil prices, but health care companies and information technology businesses were also
in this group.
(6) How can a company turn losses into profits? By excluding some of its costs of doing
business. Among the more common expenses that companies remove from their
calculations are restructuring and acquisition costs, stock-based compensation and
write-downs of impaired assets.
38. According to the text, what is one important effect of non-standard accounting?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ ا��ﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ؟‬، ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺺ‬
(A) It reduces the cost of doing business.
(B) It increases the number of employees.
(C) It allows companies to choose the results they show.
(D) It has mainly helped companies that produce energy.
39. What is the reason for companies hiding some business costs?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ إﺧﻔﺎء اﻟ��ﻛﺎت ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) It makes them seem more successful.
(B) It is common when prices are falling

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(C) It is easier for them to do their own neath.

(D) It gives them more time to pay for these costs.
40. The word generally in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ………………….
....... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) finally
(B) especially
(C) quickly
(D) usually
41. The word reported in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………………
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ذﻛﺮت" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) opened
(B) believed
(C) described
(D) explained
Passage 7

42. In which year was the freshwater level the highest in Morocco?
‫ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻫﻮ ا��ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻐﺮب؟‬
(A) 1967
(B) 1997
(C) 2010
(D) 2011
43. How much did the freshwater levels decrease in Syria between 1967 and 2011?
‫؟‬2011 ‫ و‬1967 ‫ﻛﻢ اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ‬
(A) about 800 cubic meters
(B) about 500 cubic meters
(C) about 400 cubic meters
(D) about 250 cubic meters

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Passage 8
Software Ownership
(1) Most people know that software can be very expensive. However, many people do
not know that even though you pay a lot for software, you do not necessarily own it.
What happens, then, when you pay for a piece of software? Very few developers grant
you actual ownership of a program, even after you 'purchased it. Instead of buying the
software itself, you are actually paying for a license that grants you permission to install
and use the software.
Why a License?
Software developers have good reason for licensing software instead of selling it
outright: Piracy - software piracy, which costs developers billions of dollars every year, is
the act of copying software without the developer's consent and without paying the
developer and then selling or giving away the copies. If you install the program on
multiple computers at the same time, that is piracy too. By licensing their products and
maintaining some ownership of them, developers can take action against pirates.
Modifications - Most license agreements state that you cannot make modifications to a
program's source code. If developers allowed this, it would be an easy matter for others
to make changes to a program and then try to claim the modified program as their
own.
But even though the developer keeps most rights to a program, you have some rights,
too. If the program does not perform as you expected, you have the right to return or
exchange it.

44. Which of the following is the writer's opinion? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) Software licensing benefits the software companies.
(B) Pirates copy billions of dollars of software every year.
(C) Customers can usually make one backup copy of software.
(D) Software licensing brings many advantages to the customer.
45. What can we understand from the passage about software piracy?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﺻﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ؟‬
(A) It is a trivial problem for the software industry.
(B) It makes a lot of money for the software industry.
(C) It is a bigger issue in the USA than in other countries.
(D) It is the main reason software companies prefer licensing.
46. What can we understand from the passage about a lot of people who purchase
software? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ا��ﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺸﺘﺮون اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ؟‬
(A) They try to modify their software.
(B) They make many copies of their software.
(C) They like having a software license agreement.
(D) They fail to read their software license agreement.

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Passage 9
Catalysts
Catalysts are very important in controlling the rate of reactions. A catalyst is a chemical
that increases the speed or rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent
chemical change. Many industrial and biological processes need catalysts for efficiency;
the reactions are too slow without them. Catalysts are fascinating chemicals. The
reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen gas to form ammonia does not occur at a
significant rate, even at high pressures and high temperatures. If some finely divided
iron is added to the vessel, however, the rate of the reaction increases dramatically and
the reaction becomes productive. Iron is not a reactant and does not chemically change
in the reaction. The iron functions as a catalyst.
47. The word undergoing is closest in meaning to ……………………………..
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻤﺮ" ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
(A) adding
(B) preventing
(C) controlling
(D) experiencing
Passage 10
Evidence
Direct Evidence
1) Evidence is either direct or circumstantial. Direct evidence proves a point. The
testimony of an eyewitness is direct evidence. Consider the following statement: 'I stole
Susan's purse. This would appear to be a criminal confession. This statement is direct
evidence. In a civil action, a statement admitting liability by a defendant is direct
evidence.
For example:
*I am so sorry that I hit your car. I knocked over my coffee and looked down just for a
minute. Is everyone okay?
Circumstantial Evidence
2) Circumstantial evidence is more common. This form of evidence is indirect.
Circumstantial evidence provides the trier of fact with information from which
inferences.
48. The word liability in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………………
..........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) knowledge
(B) crime
(C) fault
(D) fact

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Passage 11
Ancient Birds
(1) Giant birds of the past have names that speak for themselves. The Elephant bird, a
native of Madagascar and the largest known giant bird, stood at over nine feet tall and
weighed in at 1,000 pounds or more, until it went extinct about 1,000 years ago.
Australia's Mthirung, nicknamed "Thunderbird," which disappeared nearly 50,000 years
ago, is thought to have been nearly seven feet tall and weighed between 500 and 1,000
pounds. But until now, no one had ever found evidence of these towering avians in
Europe.
(2) Today, researchers describe the first fossil of a giant bird found in Crimea. Dated at
around 1.8 million years old, the specimen makes experts question previous
assumptions that giant birds were not part of the region's fauna during that period.
(3) A team of paleontologists dug up the fossil__ an unusually large femur bone__ in
Taurida Cave, located on the Crimean Peninsula in the northern Black Sea. The cave
was only discovered last June when the construction of a new highway revealed its
entrance.
(4) Based on the femur's dimensions, the team calculated that the bird would have
weighed around 992 pounds as much as an adult polar bear-making it the third largest
bird ever recorded. Daniel Field, a scientist at the University of Cambridge, says, “It
raises exciting questions about the factors that gave rise to these giant birds, and the
factors that drove them to extinction".
49. What two phrases does the writer use to say that the birds were very large?
‫ﺟﺪا؟‬
ً ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﻘﻮل إن اﻟﻄﻴﻮر ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬
(A) giant bird and towering avian
(B) elephant bird and native of Madagascar
(C) large femur bone and the region's fauna
(D) seven feet tall and nicknamed "Thunder bird"
50. Which of the following does the writer say is a fact? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
(A) The Thunderbird lived in Australia and Europe.
(B) The femur is the largest bone in the body.
(C) The Elephant bird was over nine feet tall.
(D) Researchers found a polar bear fossil.
51. How are researchers' views since the new discovery different from the views held
before? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ آراء اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺬ ا��ﻛﺘﺸﺎف اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ؟‬
(A) They now know what the birds ate.
(B) They now know what the birds looked like.
(C) They now know when the birds became extinct.
(D) They now know a new place in which the birds lived.
52. What can we understand about the giant bird of Crimea from Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻘﺮم اﻟﻌﻤ��ق ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Researchers found it at the bottom of the Black Sea.
(B) Highway workers found it at a construction site.
(C) Researchers did not find all the bones.

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(D) We can see it in the Crimea Museum.

53. What can be understood about Daniel Field from paragraph (4)?
‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ داﻧﻴﺎل ﻓﻴﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) He studies fossil.
(B) He found the fossil.
(C) He weighed the fossil.
(D) He studies at Cambridge University.

Passage 12
Passage A: Sole traders to the UK
(1) A sole trader is a business owned by one person. They are usually small in size,
Hairdressers, butchers, and electricians often operate as sole traders, Bolo traders often
use their own savings, bank loans or loans from friends and family to help them start
and finance their business. There are several benefits of being a sole trader. They keep
all the profit they make for themselves and get to run the business as they see fit,
making all the key decisions by themselves. It is also simple to start a business as a sole
trader as there are very few rules and regulations to follow.
(2) However, sole traders take on all the risks of starting their own business and have
the disadvantage of unlimited liability, meaning that sole trader is personally
responsible for the organization's debt. This means that personal assets such as a car or
house are at risk of being sold to pay off business debts. Moreover, sole traders tend to
work long hours. This is because they have full responsibility for all of their business. To
keep labor costs to a minimum they will often avoid delegating tasks such as
purchasing or advertising to others, preferring to save money by doing the work
themselves. Sole traders can only raise limited finance, they will receive money from
family and friends or use.
Partnerships can have a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 20 partners. Lawyers, estate
agents, doctor and dental practices often operate as partnerships.
Partnerships can raise more finance than sole traders. Banks are more likely to lend
money to an organization that has many partners than to a sole trader. Partners can
share the workload and responsibility of the business between them. In comparison a
sole trader has no-one with whom to share their workload and responsibilities.
Partners may disagree and argue about the future direction of their business. In
contrast, a sole trader has the advantage of being the only decision maker.
Any profit made is shared between two to twenty people. A sole trader has the
advantage of receiving all profit.
Like sole traders, partnerships have unlimited liability. All partners have the worry of
being liable for any business debt the partnership has.
Unlimited liability can be a major disadvantage for sole traders and partnerships.
Private limited companies have limited liability, meaning an investor only loses the
initial stake if a company goes bust.

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In law, a private limited company is separate from the people who own it. Its finances
are separate from their personal finances. Because limited companies have their own
legal identity, their owners are not personally liable for the firm's debts.

54. What is one advantage partnerships and private limited companies have over sole
traders? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺰة اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟ��اﻛﺎت واﻟ��ﻛﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﻳﻦ؟‬
(A) It is easier to motivate people working in the business.
(B) It is easier to make decisions about the business.
(C) It is easier to find money to grow the business.
(D) It is easier to find customers for the business.
55. What is one advantage sole traders and partnerships have over private limited
companies? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺰة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺠﺎر اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪون واﻟ��اﻛﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ��ﻛﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة؟‬
(A) They can share the work.
(B) They are less expensive to establish.
(C) It is easier to agree on a business strategy.
(D) Business owners can find more free time.
56. How is a partnership different from a Sole trader and a private limited company?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟ��اﻛﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاول اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ و��ﻛﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ؟‬
(A) It usually has two owners.
(B) It can be a family business.
(C) It always has multiple owners.
(D) It must have a legal document.
57. In which business(es) do the owners have to use their personal money if the
business fails? ‫ﻓﻲ أي ��ﻛﺔ )ﻣﺠﺎ��ت( ﻳﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻣﻮاﻟﻬﻢ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟ��ﻛﺔ؟‬
(A) Sole trader only.
(B) Sole trader and partnership.
(C) Partnership and limited company.
(D) Sole trader, partnership and limited company.

Passage 13 Bees
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38) and that
they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and work together to
produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more than 1,400 years afterwards,
has accepted that this information is indeed correct. Now, scientists in the United
Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures may also have feelings and
emotions similar to those of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent
years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many
explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease
and pesticides. Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate,

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this is a very serious situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of
the world's crops depend on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do
they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells.
After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they
were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet
prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees
would do if they were put in a stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make
them think they were in danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for
new smells, and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste good, it
seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These bees had become
“pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much more likely to try tastes from
new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of
the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings
of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This
knowledge, along with further investigations into bee behavior and "feelings" can
hopefully be used to understand and remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and
for ours.
58. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
............. ‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺬﻫﻠﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﻰ‬1)
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59. Why are bees important to humans? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺒ��؟‬
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.
60. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
‫أي ﻓﻘﺮة ﺗﺼﻒ ﻛﻴﻒ درب اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺤﻞ؟‬
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

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Model 24
Passage 1
Giant Panda
1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese government
has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for scientific study. After
a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan,
a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were
born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet and even
language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The
caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help
her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo
in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The
teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both English and
Chinese.
21. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺮاس اﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن أن ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻲ ��ن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C)so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
22. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻲ ��ن ﺗﻌﻴﺶ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
(B) in an American research center
(C) in Atlanta, Georgia
(D) in Sichuan China

Passage 2
Stars
1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different colors. Some
are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is also shown when we take color photographs
of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an ordinary camera as long as it is kept
steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found that blue stars
are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars which cannot be
classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a blue superstar as big as
40.000 suns and Beetlejuice is a superstar with a size equal to 17.000 suns.
3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of them is a
superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer. Astronomers have instruments
like light meters which can measure the brightness of a star quite accurately. It is possible to

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measure a star's distance from the earth it astronomers know the color, brightness and whether or
not it is a superstar.
23. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
‫أي ﻣﻦ ا��ﻟﻮان اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮد ذﻛﺮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
(A) green
(B) yellow
(C) blue
(D) red
24. According to Paragraph (2) Beetlejuice is a superstar ……………………
.........‫ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﻮزاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم‬،(2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) as big as the sun
(B) smaller than the sun
(C) as big as 17,000 suns
(D) as big as 40.000 suns
25. According to Paragraph (2), astronomers classify stars according
to the following EXCEPT …… ‫( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬2) ‫ﻳﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮة‬
(A) size
(B) color
(C) shape
(D) brightness

Passage 3
Engineering Innovation
(1) Rome is known for many things: its military conquests, its civic architecture, temples,
roads, emperors, and sculpture. Yet none of these would have been possible without
the most vital resource of all: water. Now, as then, water is life, and without effective
distribution, there would have been no great Roman civilization. Even until relatively
modern times, Roman techniques to collect, store, and channel water over huge
distances remain unsurpassed.
(2) Such technology, was not, of course, invented from scratch by the Romans, and
many earlier Mediterranean peoples had poured resources and expertise into
managing water. On the island of Crete, the Minoans developed sophisticated rain-
harvesting and filtering systems as early as the middle of the third millennium B. C.
Cretan water management techniques were later adopted across the Greek-speaking
world, and examples abound of tunnels, drainage systems, and cisterns, sometimes of
considerable size.
(3) Yet although the water management tradition Rome inherited was rich and
extensive, no previous system came close to the sophistication and reach of the Roman
aqueduct. Striding across the landscape from Spain to Syria, these awe-inspiring
structures not only carried life and livelihood but also proclaimed the greatness of
Rome.

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(4) Aqueducts were costly public works, and not all Roman cities necessarily required
them. Some cities, such as Pompeii, had their water needs met by wells or public and
private cisterns dug beneath houses. Some cisterns could reach a colossal size, such as
the Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarnıcı) in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) and the
Piscina Mirabilis in Miseno,Italy. The better built to provide drinking water to the
populations such as Rome's—thought to have reached one million in the first century
AD. needed an entire system of aqueducts not only for drinking water but also for
supplying ornamental public fountains and baths.
(5) Rome was supplied by aqueducts totaling 315 miles in length. Of that, 269 miles ran
underground and 46 total miles above ground; however, only about 36 miles consisted
of arched structures, just under 12 percent in all.
(6) Rome had as many as 11 aqueduct systems, the most ancient of which was the mile-
long Aqua Appia, first operational in 312 B.C. It was named for its sponsor, the censor
Appius Claudius Caecus, better known for another great pioneering structure of ancient
Rome: the Appian Way, one of the first major Roman roads.
(7) Three more aqueducts were built in the third and second centuries B.C.: Aqua Anio
Vetus, Aqua Marcia, and Aqua Tepula. Aided by his son-in-law Marcus Vipsanius
Agrippa, Emperor Augustus was particularly active in improving the capital's water
supply, repairing old systems and building new ones. The Augustan-era Aqua Virgo
named, according to legend, for the young girl who directed thirsty soldiers to the
springs that fed it has been used uninterrupted ever since its construction. During his
reign, Caligula began building two aqueducts that were finished by Emperor Claudius,
the Aqua Claudia and Aqua Anio Novus. Trajan built the Aqua Traiana, which is 37
miles long, in A.D. 109.
(8) The last of Rome's aqueducts was the Aqua Alexandrina, nearly 14 miles long, built
by Alexander Severus in A.D. 226. Some have calculated that, once completed, Rome's
aqueducts delivered roughly 1.5 million cubic yards of water per day—about 200
gallons per person. Its water network supplied 11 grand scale baths, as well as the 900
or so public baths, and almost 1.400 monumental fountains and private swimming
pools. A crucial later stage in the conveying of water was, of course, its disposal. Rome's
Cloaca Maxima sewer, which flowed into the Tiber River, became the model for urban
sanitation.
26. Who developed rain harvesting in the third millennium B.C.?
‫ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮر ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﺼﺎد ا��ﻣﻄﺎر ﻓﻲ ا��ﻟﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴ��د؟‬
(A) Minoans
(B) Romans
(C) Greeks
(D) Egyptians
27. How long were Rome's aqueducts in total?
(A) 269 miles
(B) 46 miles
(C) 315 miles
(D) 112 miles

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28. When did Trajan build the Aqua Traiana? ‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻗﺎم ﺗﺮاﺟﺎن ﺑﺒﻨﺎء أﻛﻮا ﺗﺮاﻳﺎﻧﺎ؟‬
(A) A.D. 109
(B) A.D 226
(C) 312 B.C.
(D) 37 B.C.
Passage 4
(1) Friction is the force that opposes one surface moving. or trying to move, over
another. It can be a help or a hindrance. We could not walk if there was no friction
between the soles of our shoes and the ground. Our feet would slip backwards; as they
tend to if we walk on ice. On the other hand, engineers try to reduce friction to a
minimum in the moving parts of machinery by using lubricating oils and ball bearings.
(2) When a gradually increasing force (P) is applied through a spring balance to a block
on a table, the block does not move at first. This is because an equally increasing but
opposing frictional force (F) acts where the block and table touch. At any instant P and
F are equal and opposite.

(3) If P is increased further, the block eventually moves; as it does so F has its maximum
value, called starting or static friction. When the block is moving at a steady speed, the
balance reading is slightly less than that for starting friction. Sliding or dynamic friction
is therefore less than starting or static friction.
(4) Placing a mass on the block increases the force pressing the surfaces together and
increases friction. When work is done against friction, the temperatures of the bodies in
contact rise (as you can test by rubbing your wands together): mechanical energy is
being changed into heat energy.

29. What important point does the writer make about 'starting friction'
in Paragraphs (3) and (4)?
‫(؟‬4) ‫( و‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل "ﺑﺪء ا��ﺣﺘﻜﺎك" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاﻓﻴﻦ‬
(A) It creates heat in bodies.
(B) In Math, it is the letter F.
(C) It presses surfaces together.
(D) It is greater than sliding friction.
30. What important idea related to frictional force does the writer mention in
Paragraph (1)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﻮة ا��ﺣﺘﻜﺎك اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
‫(؟‬1) ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It needs lubricating oils and ball bearings.
(B) It brings advantages for engineers.
(C) It is both useful and a problem.
(D) It is zero when walking on ice.
31. What point does the writer support with the example of rubbing your hands
together? ‫ﻣﻌﺎ؟‬ً ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺑﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﺮك ﻳﺪﻳﻚ‬
(A) Friction and movement makes objects hotter.
(B) There is little friction when we walk on ice.

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(C) Sliding friction is less than starting friction.

(D) The block moves at the same speed all the time.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) Frictional energy
(B) Starting friction
(C) Sliding friction
(D) Frictional force

Passage 5
Monitoring Food
(1) Nutritionists often suggest keeping a food diary to track your meals, avoid mindless
overeating and keep tabs on nutrients like salt, fat and vitamins. But writing down
everything you eat is annoying, and many people find themselves abandoning their
efforts after a few days or weeks.
(2) In the future, you may be able to track your food intake with a sticker-placed on
your tooth. Researchers at Tufts University have developed a tooth sensor that can
track glucose and salt and wirelessly send the information to a device.
(3) Scientists have developed wearables for monitoring food intake before. Most of
these have been in the form of mouth guards. American and Brazilian scientists created
one to check glucose; it contained biosensors and wireless communications modules.
But it requires, well, wearing a mouth guard, which can be uncomfortable.
(4) Diabetics could theoretically use the new tooth-mounted sensor to monitor their
sugar intake and broadcast the information to their doctors. It could be helpful for
people with other medical conditions that require them to monitor their eating, for
example, patients with high blood pressure who need to limit their salt.
(5) But, Almquist, a professor of bioengineering at Imperial College London, says, there
will be “significant hurdles" before the technology is ready for daily use as a food diary
substitute. "For instance, for continuous monitoring of food intake, the sensors will
need to be robust enough to withstand abrasion during chewing. In addition, foods are
complex mixtures of compounds including salts, sugars and proteins, and the relative
amounts of each that enter into saliva will depend on factors such as the nature of the
food.
33. What does the passage say about the new food-control technique?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ا��ﻏﺬﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) It is NOT yet ready to replace older methods.
(B) It will help patients to use less medicine.
(C) It will help people who DO NOT exercise enough.
(D) It can deal with all food ingredients.
34. Why have scientists developed the new food-control technique?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻃﻮر اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ا��ﻏﺬﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) to help restaurants make healthier food cheaply
(B) to avoid the need to keep a daily food diary
(C) to improve the diet of babies and children

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(D) to deal with complex eating processes in the mouth

35. Which word can we use to replace the phrase "in addition" in Paragraph (5)?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﺑﺎ��ﺿﺎﻓﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) also
(B) besides
(C) however
(D) therefore
36. Why does the writer use the phrase "For instance" in Paragraph (5)?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) to show how the new technique can be used in different ways
(B) to give examples of patients who can use the new technique
(C) to show that the new and old techniques are different
(D) to explain one difficulty in using the new technique
37. What does the writer think of the old mouth guards?
(A) He believes they were NOT expensive to make.
(B) He believes they were rather big.
(C) He believes they were NOT practical.
(D) He believes they were difficult to make.

Passage 6
Cultural Norms
(1) Humans are social creatures. People have always grouped together into
communities in order to survive. Living together, people form common habits and
behaviors—from specific methods of childrearing to preferred techniques for obtaining
food. In modern day Paris, many people shop daily at outdoor markets to pick up what
they need for their evening meal, buying cheese, meat, and vegetables from different
specialty stalls. In the United States, the majority of people shop once a week at
supermarkets, filling large carts to the brim. How would a Parisian perceive U.S.
shopping behaviors that Americans take for granted?
(2) Almost every human behavior, from shopping to marriage to expressions of
feelings, is learned. In the United States, people tend to view marriage as a choice
between two people, based on mutual feelings of love. In other nations and in other
times, marriages have been arranged through an intricate process of interviews and
negotiations between entire families.
(3) To someone raised in New York City, the marriage customs of a family from Nigeria
may seem strange, or even wrong. Conversely, someone from a traditional Kolkata
family might be perplexed with the idea of romantic love as the foundation for lifelong
commitment. In other words, the way in which people view marriage depends largely
on what they have been taught.
(4) Behavior based on learned customs is not a bad thing. Being familiar with unwritten
rules helps people feel secure and "normal.” Most people want to live their daily lives
confident that their behaviors will not be challenged or disrupted. But even an action as
seemingly simple as commuting to work evidences a great deal of cultural propriety.

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38. What has the greatest effect on people's ideas about marriage today?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻋﻈﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻦ اﻟﺰواج اﻟﻴﻮم؟‬
(A) their ideas about romantic love
(B) what they have seen in popular films
(C) the marriage customs of people in New York
(D) what they have learned from their own community
39. What is the main reason people have always lived in social groups?
‫داﺋﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬ ً ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن‬
(A) friendship
(B) marriage
(C) customs
(D) survival
40. The word obtaining in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………………
............‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﺤﺼﻮل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) getting
(B) ordering
(C) preparing
(D) producing
41. The word negotiations in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………………
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎت" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) differences
(B) discussions
(C) emergencies
(D) relationships
Passage 7
Steel Use

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42. What percentage of steel does the automotive industry use?

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات؟‬
(A) 5%
(B) 9%
(C) 13%
(D) 16%
43. What percentage of steel is used by the domestic appliances industry?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﻮ��ذ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ا��ﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) 11%
(B) 8%
(C) 5%
(D) 2%
Passage 8
(1) Our food is primarily made of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and
water. We need to regularly ingest food to sustain ourselves.
(2) Living things do not follow the pattern of decay seen in the rest of the natural world.
Unlike non-living things (such as rocks), living things maintain themselves. They build
new cells, tissues and organs in the process of development. Once mature, organisms
can sustain existing biological structures by cellular division. This process, also called
mitosis, allows cells to use molecules such as water, amino acids (building blocks of
proteins), carbohydrates and lipids to create new cells. This process requires the
transfer of energy among chemical bonds.
(3) Our cells are regularly being replaced and recycled and this requires a regular influx
of energy and matter. We obtain energy in the form of food calories: new matter in the
form of the molecules contained in our food. Not all of these molecules are digestible
by all animals. These unneeded molecules may be eaten along with more desirable
molecules. This is part of the reason why animals must have an opening in their
digestive system
(4) A balanced diet for humans includes several servings of breads, cereals, fruits and
vegetables every day. Also essential are smaller servings of milk, dairy, meat and eggs.
Fats, oils and sweets should make up a very small portion of a balanced diet.
(5) Human beings eat several hundred pounds of food a year. From this food we obtain
all the molecules we need so our bodies can operate, grow and replace the cells lost to
wear, old age, or damage.
(6) Animals, such as humans, have evolved intricate strategies of intercellular
communication. Feedback, feed-forward, and inhibition allow us to maintain steady-
state, or homeostasis. We get hungry because we want to eat. This seemingly simple
cause and effect is the result of the empty stomach secreting the peptide hormone
ghrelin into the bloodstream. When this hormone is received by the hypothalamus, it
stimulates the release of growth hormones, which makes us want to eat. After eating to
satiation, the release of the peptide hormone leptin causes the hypothalamus to inhibit
hunger sensations. Leptin is released by a variety of tissues including adipose (fat cells),
stomach, bone, pituitary, and the liver.

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Metabolism
(7) The word metabolism comes from the Greek root "change" and involves the
building up or breaking down of molecules to be used by the body. These molecules
will be used for cell growth, fuel and other processes. If the process involves breaking
down molecules into simpler ones, usually to release energy, it is called catabolic. If
building up complex molecules, for structures or energy storage, it is called anabolic.
(8) Developed and less active bodies do not need as many energy calories as
developing and active bodies. Developing bodies are adding cells at a rapid rate, and
this requires an infusion of both new material (molecules) and energy. Active bodies,
likewise, need more calories to sustain the energetic demands of more motion.
Proteins
(9) Proteins are molecules made of nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen and
sometimes sulfur. These molecules are found in animal tissue such as meat (including
fish), eggs, cheese and legumes, and many other plant foods.
(10) Proteins are large molecules assembled from smaller units called amino acids and
serve many important roles in living things. Amino acids are linked by covalent bonds
called peptide bonds. Proteins can serve as enzymes, hormones as well as the building
blocks of complex physical features. Proteins comprise teeth, bone, muscle, tendon,
cartilage, skin - most of what makes up an organism.
(11) As enzymes, proteins facilitate chemical reactions that would not otherwise happen
in the short time, or lower temperatures required by living things. As hormones (such as
the previously mentioned appetite inhibitor leptin) they are protein messengers that
deliver information around the body.
Carbohydrates
(12) Carbohydrates are made of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that combine to form
monosaccharides. These simple sugars are made of five (pentose) or six (hexose)
carbon rings. Additional hydrogen and oxygen atoms allow these rings to form
disaccharides ("two sugars") such as sucrose and lactose or polysaccharides ("many
sugars") such as starch.
(13) Sugars are essential to living things. They provide a way to store chemical energy to
operate living things. They are also the structural backbone to the information storage
molecules DNA and RNA, as well as many of the other essential molecules in living
things. Sugar is transported through the bloodstream in the form of the simple sugar
glucose. They have 4 calories of energy per gram.

44. What two things happen to the cells in our body? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺪث ﻟﻠﺨ��ﻳﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫أﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ؟‬
(A) They divide and are digested.
(B) They are replaced and recycled.
(C) They are replaced and digested.
(D) They build new cells and give energy.

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45. What two things do cells use for mitosis? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﻦ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺨ��ﻳﺎ ﻟ��ﻧﻘﺴﺎم؟‬
(A) water and dairy
(B) lipids and cereals
(C) amino acids and lipids
(D) amino acids and vegetables
46. What two hormones make people feel hunger?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎن اﻟﻠﺬان ﻳﺠﻌ��ن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺸﻌﺮون ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮع؟‬
(A) Ghrelin and growth hormones.
(B) Leptin and ghrelin.
(C) Ghrelin and peptide.
(D) Hypothalamus and growth hormones.

Passage 9

47. In 2015, how many of Britain's CEOs were educated at private schools?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺮؤﺳﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻮا ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪارس‬، 2015 ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ؟‬
(A) around 38%
(B) around 55%
(C) around 70%
(D) around 87%

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Passage 10
Arrests
(1) In the US legal system, arrests are made after enough evidence is collected to
establish probable cause. Arrests are made with or without a warrant, but there must
always be probable cause to arrest. A criminal defendant is usually searched at the time
of the arrest. At the police station the defendant is "booked'. The booking process
involves finger printing and photographing the defendant. Background information on
the defendant such as name, address, phone number, and so forth is also collected.
(2) The defendant is searched again before he or she is placed in a jail cell. If the
defendant's offense is minor, he or she may be allowed to post bail and appear before
the judge at a later date. When the offense is not minor, the defendant is held until the
initial appearance; the judge sets the bail amount at this time.
48. The word "booked' in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………………….
............. ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺣﺠﺰ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) harmed
(B) registered
(C) released
(D) transferred
49. The word probable in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………………
‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) enormous
(B) suspicious
(C) reasonable
(D) complicated
Passage 11
Advertising

Defenses of Advertising
(1) Defenders of advertising claim that it provides many benefits. It informs consumers
about available products and services. Some adverts promote the public interest by
informing consumers about health and safety issues. Volvos, for example, were among
the first vehicles to provide side-door airbags This is a definite safety advantage.
Defenders of advertising also argue that by giving media the financial backing it
requires, advertisements allow "free" television and internet content. The survival and
profitability of many media outlets, such as social media, television and radio stations
and YouTube channels depend on advertising revenue. Finally, advocates of advertising
claim that it stimulates competition and fuels our mass-consumption economy. It raises
the standard of living for everyone because it makes "economies of large-scale
production” possible. Mass production reduces the cost of manufacturing a product, so
it is less expensive to buy; but mass production requires mass consumption, and mass
consumption of a product cannot occur unless consumers know that the product exists

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and where it can be bought. So, advertising is required if we are to take advantage of
the benefits of large-scale production.
Criticisms of Advertising
(2) Numerous criticisms have been leveled at advertising First, some critics argue,
advertising interferes with almost everything we do (studying, reading, driving,
watching YouTube, browsing the internet). Second, critics say, advertising makes
citizens materialistic. They only care about possessing more and more. Of course, there
is nothing wrong with improving your standard of living, but they say advertising
encourages consumers to measure their worth only by what they have, rather than by
who they are. And so, advertising weakens social bonds and contributes to a shallow,
materialistic culture. Third, advertising exploits children by targeting dubious messages
(sugary cereals are good, cool kids wear brand-name clothing) at an audience that is
too young to be able to evaluate their content. Young people, including college
students.
50. What are two words that the writer uses for "supporter" in Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟـ "ﻣﺆﻳﺪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) consumer and defender
(B) consumer and survival
(C) advocate and survival
(D) advocate and defender
51. Which of the following is an opinion? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ رأي؟‬
(A) Large scale production makes products cheaper
(B) Some TV stations need revenue from advertising.
(C) Advertising makes people want more possessions.
(D) Advertising gives people information about products.
52. How are college students' views about advertising different from the advertisers'
view? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ آراء ﻃ��ب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﺣﻮل ا��ﻋ��ن ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻨﻴﻦ؟‬
(A) College students think advertising to young people is ineffective.
(B) College students think that good advertising can increase sales.
(C) College students think advertising prevents students from studying.
(D) College students think advertising on social media should be banned.
53. What can we understand about advertising from the passage?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ ا��ﻋ��ن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) It causes higher prices in the shops.
(B) It always helps a company increase profits.
(C) It is a very important and powerful industry.
(D) Its disadvantages are greater than its benefits.
54. What can we understand about YouTube from the passage?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻴﻮﺗﻴﻮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ؟‬
(A) People use it to make money.
(B) It is popular with young people.
(C) It stops students from studying
(D) It has more adverts than television.

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Passage 12
Renewable Energy Sources ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة‬
Passage A
Solar Energy
(1) The energy falling on the Earth from the Sun is mostly in the form of light and the
light that falls in one hour equals the total energy used by the world in a year.
Unfortunately, its low energy density requires large collecting devices and its availability
varies. Its greatest potential use is as an energy source for low-temperature water
heating. This uses solar panels as the energy transfer devices, which convert light into
heat energy. They are used increasingly to produce domestic hot water at about 70°C
and to heat swimming pools.
(2) Solar energy can also be used to produce high temperature heating, up to 3000°C
or so, if a large curved mirror (a solar furnace) focuses the Sun's rays on to a small area.
The energy can then be used to turn water to steam for driving the turbine of an
electric generator in a power station.
(3) Solar cells, made from semiconducting materials, convert sunlight into electricity
directly. A number of cells connected together can be used to supply electricity to
homes and to the electronic equipment in communication and other satellites. They are
also used for small-scale power generation in remote areas of developing countries
where there is no electricity supply. Recent developments have made large-scale
generation more cost effective and there is now a large solar power plant in California.
There are many designs for prototype light vehicles run on solar power.
Wind energy
(4) Giant windmills called wind turbines with two or three blades each up to 30m long
drive electrical generators. "Wind farms" of 20 to 100 turbines spaced about 400m
apart, supply about 400MW (enough electricity for 250,000 homes) in the UK and
provide a useful "top up" to the National Grid. Wind turbines can be noisy and may be
considered unsightly so there is some environmental objection to wind farms, especially
as the best sites are often in coastal or upland areas of great natural beauty.
Passage B
Wave energy
(5) The rise and fall of sea waves have to be transferred by some kind of wave-energy
converter into the rotary motion required to drive a generator. It is a difficult problem
and the large-scale production of electricity by this means is unlikely in the near future,
but small systems are being developed to supply island communities with power.
Tidal and hydroelectric energy
(6) The flow of water from a higher to a lower level from behind a tidal barrage (barrier)
or the dam of a hydroelectric scheme is used to drive a water turbine (water wheel)
connected to a generator.
(7) One of the largest working tidal schemes is the La Grande I project in Canada.
Feasibility studies have shown that a 10-mile-long barrage across the River Severn
Estuary could produce about 7% of today's electrical energy consumption in England

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and Wales. Such schemes have significant implications for the environment, as they
may destroy wildlife habitats of water birds for example, and also for shipping routes.
(8) In the UK, hydroelectric power stations generate about 2% of the electricity supply.
Most are located in Scotland and Wales where the average rainfall is higher than in
other areas. With good management hydroelectric energy is a reliable energy source,
but there are risks connected with the construction of dams, and a variety of problems
may result from the impact of a dam on the environment. Land previously used for
forestry or farming may have to be flooded.

55. According to both passages, why is it difficult to use energy from renewable
sources?
‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺼﻌﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﺘﺠﺪدة؟‬،‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛ�� اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
(A) Renewable sources require large amounts of energy to generate power.
(B) The availability of renewable energy differs and can only be used for water heating.
(C) Large collecting devices are required and it's difficult to get permission from
governments.
(D) It's difficult to convert motion to drive a generator and crude oil prices are so cheap
that it's not worth it.
56. What do the passages say about the UK? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة؟‬
(A) Wind turbines are unpopular in the UK, but they provide 400 MW of energy.
(B) The UK has up to 100 wind turbines that can provide energy to other countries.
(C) Wind turbines supply electricity to some homes and hydroelectricity powers 2
percent of homes in the UK.
(D) Hydroelectricity powers 2 percent of homes and wind power could provide power
for another 10 percent of homes.
57. Which of the following statements best summarizes renewable energy from both
passages? ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻠﺨﺺ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺪدة ﻣﻦ ﻛ�� اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ؟‬
(A) The UK is the leading country in the world using alternative energy sources.
(B) Renewable energy sources make up a small portion of the energy supply.
(C) Wind turbines cause too much environmental damage to be used widely.
(D) Canada is the leading country in hydroelectric energy.

Passage 13
Floor Damage
(1) The damage you described in your letter dated 7 July has now been inspected.
(2) The faults in the wiring appear to have been caused by dripping water from the
floor above. The electrical contractor, who installed the wiring in February, tells me that
the wall was dry at the time he replaced the old wires. However, we will arrange for
repairs to be made and seal off that section.
(3) Durafloor is one of the most hardwearing materials of its kind on the market and we
were surprised to hear that it had worn away within six months, so we made a closer
inspection. We noticed that the floor had been cut into and this seems to have been
the result of dragging heavy metal boxes across it. The one-year guarantee we offer on

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our workmanship is against “normal wear and tear", and the treatment the floor
appears to have been subjected to does not fall into this category. I am quite willing to
arrange for the surface to be replaced, but we will have to charge you for the materials
and work involved. If I may, I would like to suggest that you instruct your staff to use
trolleys when shifting heavy containers.
(4) I am sorry about the inconvenience you have experienced and will tell the fitters to
repair the damage as soon as I have your confirmation that they can begin work.
58. According to Paragraph (2), the problems with wiring were caused by …………..
..............‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎ��ﺳ��ك ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) the electrical contractor
(B) the new wires
(C) the old wires
(D) leaking water
59. According to Paragraph (4), the replacement of the damaged floor surface
...............‫( اﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﺳﻄﺢ ا��رض اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ‬4) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) is going to begin when the customer notifies the contractor
(B) is going to begin when the workmen are available
(C) has already finished
(D) has already begun
60. The word inconvenience in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ……………
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "إزﻋﺎج" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) time pressure
(B) coincidence
(C) bad luck
(D) trouble

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Model 25
Passage 1
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's
arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe
the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire
destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other
smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster
that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it
would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would
have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet
with sweat. He was too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting
the fire. He turned his head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man
was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he
forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others
with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (1), it was hard for Mike to do his job because ………..…
(A) his arms were strained and painful
(B) he COULDN'T think very well
(C) he was busy with other things
(D) he DIDN'T work with others
(A) to please his boss
(B) to pump more water
(C) to stop the blazing fire
(D) to get something to drink
23. The word greedy in Paragraph (1) means wanting ………
(A) less
(B) more
(C) some
(D) a little

Passage 2
Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution
(1) The Industrial Revolution brought great riches to most of the entrepreneurs who
helped set it in motion. For the millions of workers who crowded into the new factories,
however, the industrial age brought poverty and harsh living conditions.
(2) In time, reforms would curb many of the worst abuses of the early industrial age in
Europe and the Americas. As standards of living increased, people at all levels of society
would benefit from industrialization. Until then, working people would suffer with
dangerous working conditions: unsafe, unsanitary, and overcrowded housing: and
unrelenting poverty.

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(3) The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization, or the movement of people to
cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasing demand
for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almost overnight,
small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. Other cities grew up
around the factories that entrepreneurs built in once quiet market towns.
(4) The British market town of Manchester numbered 17,000 people in the 1750s. Within
a few years, it exploded into a center of the textile industry. Its population soared to
40,000 by 1780 and 70,000 by 1801. Visitors described the cloud of coal vapor" that
polluted the air, the pounding noise of steam engines, and the filthy stench of its river.
This growth of industry and rapid population growth dramatically changed the location
and distribution of two resources - labor and people.
Nor Social Classes Emerge
(5) The Industrial Revolution created a new middle class along with the working class.
Those in the middle class owned and operated the new factories, mines, and railroads,
among other industries. Their lifestyle was much more comfortable than that of the
industrial working class. When former families moved to the new industrial cities, they
became workers in mines or factories. Many felt lost and bewildered. They faced tough
working conditions in uncomfortable environments. In time, though. factory and mine
workers developed their own sense of community despite the terrible working
conditions.
The Industrial Middle Class
(6) Those who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution were the entrepreneurs
who set it in motion. The Industrial Revolution created this new middle class, whose
members came from a variety of backgrounds. Some were merchants who invested
their growing profits in factories. Others were inventors or skilled artisans who
developed new technologies. Some rose from "rags to riches”, a pattern that the age
greatly admired. Middle-class families lived in well-furnished, spacious homes on paved
streets and had a ready supply of water. They wore fancy clothing and ate well. The
new middle class took pride in their hard work and their determination to "get ahead.
Only a few had sympathy for the poor. Women of the middle class did not leave the
home to work but instead focused their energy on raising their children. This contrasted
with the wealthy, who had maidservants to look after their children, and the working
class, whose children were a part of the workforce.
The Industrial Working Class
(1) While the wealthy and the middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods, vast
numbers of poor struggled to survive in foul-smelling shuns. They packed into tiny
rooms in tenements, or multistory buildings divided into apartments. These
tenements had 10 running water, only community pumps. There was no sewage or
sanitation system, so waste and garbage rotted in the streets. Sewage was also
dumped into rivers, which created an overwhelming stench and contaminated
drinking water. This led to the spread of diseases such as cholera.

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24. By 1801, what was the population of Manchester?

‫ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪد ﺳﻜﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﺸﺴﺘﺮ؟‬، 1801 ‫ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم‬
(A) 400,000
(B) 70,000
(C) 40,000
(D) 17,000
25. Who owned the new factories, mines, and railroads?
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي اﻣﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ واﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة؟‬
(A) people living in cities
(B) trained engineers
(C) the upper class
(D) the middle class
26. Which group of people benefited most from the Industrial Revolution?
‫أي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس اﺳﺘﻔﺎدت أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﻮرة اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) entrepreneurs
(B) farm families
(C) factory workers
(D) university graduates

Passage 3
Cookies
(1) A cookie is a packet of information sent by a web server to a web browser. Cookies
are generated each time the user visits the website. A message is frequently displayed
saying 'cookies are required to access this site (or some equivalent message). Every
time a user visits the website, cookies will have collected some key information about
the user. They are able to carry out user tracking and also maintain user preferences
(for example, when a user buys an electronic device on a music website, the cookies will
have remembered the user's previous buying habits and a message like this often
follows: "Customers who bought items in your Recent History also bought…. ''.
(2) Cookies aren't programs but are simply pieces of data. They can't actually perform
any operations. They only allow the detection of web pages viewed by a user on a
particular website and store user preferences, as described above.
(3) The information gathered by cookies forms an anonymous user profile and doesn't
contain personal information (such as credit card numbers or passwords). Because of
the information they do collect however, they are subject to privacy and security
concerns. Cookies do not in themselves present a threat
27. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) to complain
(B) the information
(C) to confirm
(D) to explain
28. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬

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(A) Web servers send information to web browsers.

(B) Messages are displayed on computer screens.
(C) Servers store information about web users.
(D) Cookies are different from programs.
29. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) Internet privacy is an important issue.
(B) Cookies are without personal information.
(C) Music websites are among the most popular
(D) Web servers store information in central databases.

Passage 4
Agriculture in the Middle East ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟ��ق ا��وﺳﻂ‬
(1) From the 8th century, the medieval Islamic world underwent a transformation in
agricultural practice, described by the historian Andrew Watson as the Arab agricultural
revolution. This transformation was driven by a number of factors including the
diffusion of many crops and plants along Muslim trade routes, the spread of more
advanced farming techniques, and an agricultural-economic system which promoted
increased yields and efficiency. The shift in agricultural practice changed the economy,
population distribution, vegetation cover, agricultural production, population levels,
urban growth, the distribution of the labor force, cooking, diet, and clothing across the
Islamic world.
(2) Muslim traders covered much of the Old World, and trade enabled the diffusion of
many crops, plants and farming techniques across the region, as well as the adaptation
of crops, plants and techniques from beyond the Islamic world. This diffusion
introduced major crops to Europe by way of Al-Andalus, along with the techniques for
their cultivation and cuisine. Sugar cane, rice, and cotton were among the major crops
transferred, along with citrus and other fruit trees, nut trees, vegetables such as
eggplant, and spinach and the use of spices such as cumin, coriander and cinnamon,
Intensive irrigation crop rotation and agricultural manuals were widely adopted.
Irrigation, partly based on Roman technology, made use of water wheels, water mills,
dams and reservoirs.
30. What is one important idea in the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) Cumin is a spice
(B) The economy changed
(C) Farming provided food to Europe,
(D) Muslim traders introduced new crops to Europe.
31. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) to convince
(B) to inform
(C) to explain
(D) to study agriculture

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Passage 5
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to
China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being arranged
for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan
Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in
Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment.
Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is
unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be
fluent in both English and Chinese.
32. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺮاس اﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن أن ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻲ ��ن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C) so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
33. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻲ ��ن ﺗﻌﻴﺶ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
(B) in an American research center
(C) in Atlanta, Georgia
(D) in Sichuan, China

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Passage 6
US Coffee Consumption

34. According to the graph, how many gallons of coffee did people drink in 1950?
‫؟‬1950 ‫ﺟﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻬﻮة ��ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
ً ‫ ﻛﻢ‬، ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬
(A) around 50
(B) around 40
(C) around 30
(D) around 20
35. According to the graph, in what year was coffee drinking the lowest in the U.S?
‫ ﻓﻲ أي ﻋﺎم ﻛﺎن ��ب اﻟﻘﻬﻮة ﻫﻮ ا��دﻧﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮ��ﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة؟‬، ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬
(A) 1945
(B) 1960
(C) 1995
(D) 2000
Passage 7
Personal Finance
(1) An annual survey in 2017 from the National Endowment for Financial Education
(NEFE) found Americans cited the most significant financial setbacks they experienced
in 2016 as transportation issues (23 percent), housing repairs/maintenance (20 percent),
and medical care for injury illness (18 percent). If faced with a major unexpected
expense, over one third say they would pay for it with credit cards or emergency
savings both at 35 percent-followed by cash at 32 percent.

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(2) The survey also found that nearly half (48 percent) of Americans admit that they are
living paycheck to paycheck. The main reasons people believe they are living paycheck
to paycheck are due to credit card debt (24 percent), employment struggles (22
percent), and mortgage/rent payments (18 percent). Compounding the uneasiness,
over three quarters (78 percent) say something causes them financial stress. Saving
money (53 percent) tops the list, followed by managing debt (44 percent).
(3) "Get debt under control" says Paul Golden (a spokesman for NEFE). "Take a hard
look at what you owe. If there's a clear warning sign of too much debt. take action. Set
a goal to reduce your debt load next year by 5 to 10 percent. That might mean
reducing impulse shopping. Six in 10 people admit they purchase on impulse and 80
percent of those regret purchases afterwards. When you face temptation, walk away for
at least 30 minutes and see if you still want it and it's a good idea".
36. How do most Americans deal with unexpected costs?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا��ﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ؟‬
(A) They borrow from family and friends.
(B) They use credit or savings.
(C) They find additional jobs.
(D) They suffer from stress.
37. Why does the writer use the word also in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "أﻳﻀﺎ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) to give an example of the survey results
(B) to show a list of answers reported in the survey
(C) to give more information about the survey results
(D) to show different results from those reported before
38. Which expression can we use to replace the expression due to in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ "ﺑﺴﺒﺐ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) however
(B) although
(C) meanwhile
(D) because of
39. How does the writer feel about unnecessary shopping?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻴﺎل اﻟﺘﺴﻮق ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟ��وري؟‬
(A) He believes it has a negative effect.
(B) He believes it has a positive effect.
(C) He believes it CAN'T be avoided.
(D) He is not sure if its effect is positive or negative.
40. What does the writer say about personal debts in Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪﻳﻮن اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) There are different types.
(B) They should be dealt with carefully.
(C) They can cause various family problems.
(D) They should be reduced by 30 % every year.

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Passage 8
(1) A mysterious, orange, sticky gel, found on the beaches of Kivalina, a village situated
on the Alaskan coast between Kotzebue and Point Hope, was recently the source of
much interest. Many people thought that the sticky gel was some strange compound
that had spread as a result of a chemical reaction. Others had more far-fetched ideas
about the substance's origins ranging from aliens to volcanic remains.
(2) Scientists at an Alaskan laboratory have been busy analyzing the unknown
substance. They have concluded that it is a formation of microscopic eggs. One of the
scientists said that there are traces of oil in the eggs, and this is what is causing the
strange, orange color.
(3) The scientists have discovered that the eggs belong to a small invertebrate - a
spineless animal, but they have not been able to identify the exact species.
41. The word far-fetched in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………….
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) difficult to believe
(B) easy to believe
(C) definite
(D) clear
42. The word it in Paragraph (2) refers to ………….
............ ‫( إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) traces of oil
(B) a microscope
(C) the unknown substance
(D) one of Alaska's laboratories
43. According to Paragraph (2), the gel is orange in color because it ……..
...............‫( ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻞ ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻠﻮن ��ﻧﻪ‬2) ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) is microscopic
(B) contains eggs
(C) contains oil
(D) is sticky

Passage 9
Psychoanalysis
What are the aims and methods of psychoanalysis?
(1) Although most of today's therapists do not practice therapy as Sigmund Freud did,
his psychoanalytic techniques survive. Psychoanalysis is part of our modem vocabulary,
and its assumptions influence many other therapies.
(2) Psychoanalysis assumes that many psychological problems are fueled by
childhood's residue of supposedly repressed impulses and conflicts. Psychoanalysts try
to bring these repressed feelings into conscious awareness, where the patient can deal
with them. By gaining insight into the origins of the disorder - by fulfilling the ancient
imperative to know thyself" in a deep way - the patient "works through" the buried

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feelings. The theory presumes that healthier, less anxious living becomes possible when
patients release the energy they had previously devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts.
Methods
(3) Psychoanalysis is historical reconstruction. Its goal is to unearth the past in hope of
unmasking the present. But how?
(4) When Freud discarded hypnosis as unreliable, he turned to free association. Imagine
yourself as a patient using the free association technique. The analyst invites you to
relax, perhaps by lying on a couch. He or she will probably sit out of your line of vision,
helping you focus attention on your internal thoughts and feelings. Beginning with a
childhood memory, a dream, or a recent experience, you say aloud whatever comes to
your mind from moment to moment. It sounds easy, but soon you notice how often
you edit your thoughts as you speak, omitting material that seems trivial, irrelevant, or
shameful. Even in the safe presence of the analyst, you may pause momentarily before
uttering an embarrassing thought. You may make a joking remark or change the
subject to something less threatening. Sometimes your mind may go blank or you may
find yourself unable to remember important details.
(5) To the psychoanalyst, these blocks in the flow of your free associations indicate
resistance. They hint that anxiety lurks and that you are repressing sensitive material.
The analyst will want to explore these sensitive areas by making you aware of your
resistances and by interpreting their underlying meaning. The analyst's interpretations -
suggestions of underlying wishes, feelings, and conflicts - aim to provide people with
insight. If offered at the right moment, the analyst's interpretation - of, say, your not
wanting to talk about your mother - may illuminate what you are avoiding. You may
then discover what your resistances mean and how they fit with other pieces of your
psychological puzzle.
(6) Freud believed that another clue to repressed impulses is your dreams' hidden
content. Thus, after inviting you to report a dream, the analyst may offer a dream
analysis, suggesting its hidden meaning.
(7) During many such sessions you will probably disclose more of yourself to your
analyst than you have ever revealed to anyone. Because psychoanalytic theory
emphasizes the formative power of childhood experiences, much of what you reveal
will pertain to your earliest memories. You will also probably find yourself experiencing
strong positive or negative feelings for your analyst. Such feelings may express the
dependency or mingled love and anger that you earlier experienced toward family
members or other important people in your life. When this happens, Freud would say
you are actually transferring your strongest feelings from those other relationships to
the analyst. Analysts and other therapists believe that this transference exposes long-
repressed feelings, giving you a belated chance to work through them with your
analyst's help. By examining your feelings toward the analyst, you may also gain insight
into your current relationships.
(8) Note how much of psychoanalysis is built on the assumption that repressed
memories exist. That assumption is now questioned. This challenge to an assumption

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that is basic to so much of professional and popular psychology is provoking intense

debate.
(9) Critics also say that psychoanalysts' interpretations are hard to refute. If, in response
to the analyst's suggested interpretation, you say, "Yes! I see now", your acceptance
confirms the analyst's interpretation If you emphatically say, "No! That doesn't ring
true," your denial may be taken to reveal more resistance, which would also confirm the
interpretation Psychoanalysts acknowledge that it's hard to prove or disprove their
interpretations. But they insist that interpretations often are a great help to patients.
(10) Traditional psychoanalysis is slow and expensive. It requires up to several years of
several sessions a week with a highly trained and well-paid analyst. (Three times a week
for just two years at $100 or more per hour comes to about $30,000.) Only those with a
high income can afford such treatment.
(11) Although there are relatively few traditional psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic
assumptions influence many therapists, especially those who make psychodynamic
assumptions. Psychodynamic therapists try to understand patients' current symptoms
by exploring their childhood experiences, they probe for supposed repressed, emotion-
laden information. They seek to help people gain insight into the unconscious roots of
problems and work through newly resurrected feelings. Although influenced by Frend’s
psychoanalysis, these therapists may talk to people face to face (rather than out of the
line of vision), once a week (rather than several times weekly), and for only a few weeks
or months (rather than several years).
44. According to psychoanalysis, what two things from childhood feed psychological
problems? ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻐﺬﻳﺎن اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ؟‬، ��‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔ‬
(A) repressed impulses and internal thoughts
(B) repressed impulses and conflicts
(C) internal thoughts and dependency
(D) dependency and conflicts
45. What two things can psychoanalysis begin with? ‫ﺑﺄي ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔ�� ﺑﻬﻤﺎ؟‬
(A) an embarrassing thought or joke.
(B) an embarrassing thought or dream.
(C) a childhood memory or joke.
(D) a childhood memory or dream.
46. What are two characteristics of traditional psychoanalysis?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻤﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔ�� اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي؟‬
(A) slow and expensive
(B) slow and shameful
(C) shameful and trivial
(D) trivial and expensive

Passage 10

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Desert Biomes
(1) Deserts are some of the most widespread yet explored biomes. They cover about 1/3
of the earth's surface and are found in 60 of the world's nations. The largest hot desert
biome (the Sahara) stretches over 3.5 million square miles or 9 million square
kilometers, However, Antarctica, which is a polar desert, is the largest desert overall.
Many people assume that deserts cannot support any form of life, but they actually
house about 4,000 different plants and animal species. Since desert biomes receive little
precipitation per year, the conditions are very hostile for plants and animals.
(2) A desert biome is a collection of habitats that develop in arid (dry) environments as
a result of little rainfall (50cms per year) or no rainfall at all. Desert biomes are classified
into four, with each having its own unique features, yet sharing great similarities
regarding living and nonliving composition. They include hot and dry deserts, semi-arid
deserts, coastal deserts and cold deserts. In the midst of these 4 deserts exist numerous
deserts in many areas across the globe.
(3) The Australian deserts consist of a collection of lowland arid eco-regions in the
heartland of Australia. They are hardly inhabited, and their average population density
is lower than one person per square kilometer. Of all the deserts in the world,
Australian deserts have the lowest human population, by far.
(4) The Afrotropic desert biomes are located in Sub Saharan Africa, including the
southern fringe of the Arabian Peninsula. The biome receives a lot of pressure from
humans, particularly in Madagascar and the Home of Africa.
(5) The Indo-Malay region consists of two hot lowlands including the Indus Valley and
the Thar. These deserts top the world's deserts when it comes to human footprint.
(6) The Nearctic deserts cover an estimated area of 1.04 million square miles in North
America. Due to the expansion of urban conurbations like Phoenix in the U. S. their
average population is relatively high.

47. What two phrases does the writer use to say that deserts have few people?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻴﻘﻮل إن اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﺪد ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس؟‬
(A) hostile; cannot support life
(B) arid; nonliving composition
(C) unexplored; hardly inhabited
(D) population density; human footprint
48. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
(A) Deserts have extreme temperatures and are hardly inhabited.
(B) Deserts have low precipitation and CANNOT support life.
(C) Deserts are arid and far from water.
(D) Deserts are large and support a variety of species.
49. What can we understand about desert species? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ا��ﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) They can survive with little water.
(B) They like extreme temperatures.
(C) They move with the seasons.
(D) They are dying out.

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50. What can we understand about the Australian and the Nearctic deserts?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ا��ﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ؟‬
(A0 The Nearctic deserts are larger.
(B) The Nearctic deserts have more people.
(C) The Australian deserts are hotter and drier.
(D) The Australian deserts have fewer species.

Passage 11
Soviet Economy under Stalin
1) When Stalin came to power, he imposed government control over the Soviet Union's
economy. In the past, said Stalin, Russia had suffered because of its economic
backwardness. In 1928, he proposed the first of several ‘five-year plans' aimed at building
heavy industry, improving transportation, and increasing farm output. He brought all
economic activity under government control. The government owned all business and
distributed all resources. The Soviet Union developed a command economy, in which
government officials made all basic economic decisions. By contrast, in a capitalist system,
the free market determines most economic decisions. Privately owned businesses compete
to win the customer's choice.
Mixed Results in Industry
2) Stalin's five-year plans set high production goals, especially for heavy industry and
transportation. The government pushed workers and managers to meet these goals by
giving bonuses to those who succeeded - and by punishing those who did not. Between
1928 and 1939, larger factories, hydroelectric power stations and huge industrial complexes
rose across the Soviet Union. Oil, coal and steel production grew. Mining expanded, and
new railroads were built.
3) Despite the impressive progress in some areas, Soviet workers had little to show for their
efforts. Some former peasants did become skilled factory workers or managers. Overall,
though, the standard of living remained low. Central planning was often inefficient, causing
shortages in some areas and surpluses in others. Many managers, concerned only with
meeting production targets, turned out large quantities of low-quality goods. Consumer
products such as clothing.

51. What does Paragraph (1) say about the aim of the five-year plans?
(A) The goal was to develop government control.
(B) The goal was to improve the Soviet economy.
(C) The goal was to create a free market economy.
(D) The goal was to increase business competition.
52. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) poverty in the Soviet Union during Stalin's rule
(B) why the command economy is the best economic system
(C) the successes of the American economic system
(D) the effect of five-year plans on the Soviet economy

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53. Which of the following statements about production goals does Paragraph (2)
support?
(A) Goals were set high but not met.
(B) Goals were met only when bonuses were given.
(C) Goals led to major development in most industries.
(D) Goals led to arguments between managers and workers.
54. What does Paragraph (3) say about Soviet workers?
(A) They earned fair wages.
(B) They produced low quality goods.
(C) Their managers were very hard on them.
(D) Their standard of living did NOT improve.
55. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (3)?
(A) Overall though, the standard of living remained low.
(B) Wages were low and workers were forbidden to strike.
(C) Despite the impressive progress in some areas, Soviet workers had little to show for
their efforts.
(D) Many managers, concerned only with meeting production targets, turned out large
quantities of low-quality goods

Passage 12 - Viruses
(1) Some illnesses are caused by bacteria. Bacteria are alive:
They're very small — you can't see them without a microscope — but they take in
nutrients, reproduce and die. Viruses can make copies of themselves only by hijacking
the cells of the creatures they infect. When the flu virus is outside of your body – lurking
on a doorknob, for instance — it's dead by any definition. But once inside your body, it
shows many of the characteristics of life. Viruses might even be the descendants of living
organisms that shed seemingly necessary traits to live more efficiently (with a little help
from our cells).
(2) "Most viruses have molecules — genes and proteins —like us and other live beings.
However, they need another living being to make these proteins," says Jordi Paps, an
evolutionary biologist at the University of Essex in England.
(3) Some researchers point out that many organisms including such parasites as
tapeworms that can live in your gut — need hosts to feed them and help them reproduce.
Viruses aren't so different.
(4) However, chers say that all organisms, parasites or not, can make proteins by
themselves, but viruses can't, so this is why they do not consider them alive, Paps says.
(5) Other scientists see it differently. “Viruses can be regarded similar to 'seeds' of plants”,
says Gustavo Caetano-Anollés of the University of Illinois. “Some seeds appear dead, and
you can keep them for years without anything happening to them until the plant starts
growing."

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56. What idea do the words "with a little help from our cells" repeat?
(A) Viruses need a host to live.
(B) Viruses can only infect humans.
(C) Viruses cooperate with living organisms.
(D) Viruses are the descendants of living organisms.
57. What can we understand from Paragraph (1) about viruses?
(A) They are the same as bacteria.
(B) They can be seen with a microscope.
(C) They can be alive when they are outside of a host.
(D) They are only alive when they are inside of a host.
58. Which of the following is a fact?
(A) All viruses can live outside of their hosts.
(B) All viruses have molecules and are alive.
(C) Viruses need hosts to live and reproduce.
(D) Viruses can make proteins by themselves.
59- What is the difference between scientists who believe viruses are dead and those
who disagree?
(A) Scientists who believe viruses are dead say viruses are an ancient form of bacteria.
(B) Scientists who believe viruses are dead say viruses CANNOT produce their own
proteins.
(C) Scientists who believe viruses are dead say viruses CANNOT rely on hosts to make
proteins.
(D) Scientists who believe viruses are dead say viruses are like seeds that grow and
reproduce.
60. What can we understand from Paragraph (4) about parasites?
(A) They are unable to produce their own proteins.
(B) They make proteins only when it is necessary.
(C) They are considered living organisms.
(D) They need a host to survive.

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Model 26
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's
arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe
the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire
destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other
smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster
that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it
would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would
have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet
with sweat. He was too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting
the fire. He turned his head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man
was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he
forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others
with whom he was working.

21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ………….
(A) He had sweat all over him.
(B) He was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) He had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves …………
(A) working with proper tools.
(B) avoiding fire hazards.
(C) losing one's courage.
(D) caring for others.
23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………
(A) Ben.
(B) Mike.
(C) a fireman.
(D) a man.
Passage 2
Giant Panda
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to

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China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan
Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in
Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment.
Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is
unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be
fluent in both English and Chinese.

24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺮاس اﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن أن ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻲ ��ن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers.
(B) so that she will feel at home in China.
(C) so that she can forget her English.
(D) so that she will like her new diet.
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻲ ��ن ﺗﻌﻴﺶ؟‬،(2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) in Sichuan, China.
(B) in Atlanta, Georgia.
(C) in an American research center.
(D) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center.

Passage 3
Ozone ‫ا��وزون‬
(1) Ozone is an undesirable secondary air pollutant in lower regions of the atmosphere.
In contrast, ozone in the upper region of the atmosphere, called the stratosphere, has
an important natural function. The ozone in the stratosphere screens Earth from
harmful ultraviolet light. Ozone forms in the stratosphere through reactions of
molecular oxygen that absorb radiation.
(2) Ozone molecules formed in the stratosphere absorb more than 90% of ultraviolet
radiation, including the higher energy ultraviolet light sometimes-called UV-C and UV-B
radiation. In this way, ozone serves to shield the lower atmosphere and Earth's surface
from a significant fraction of high-energy UV light that is part of solar radiation. Ozone
concentrations stay at relatively fixed levels because ultraviolet light also decomposes
ozone molecules to reform oxygen molecules.
(3) The formation and decomposition of ozone produce a steady-state concentration of
ozone within the stratosphere. This layer or region of ozone is sometimes called the
ozonosphere, and a maximum concentration of about 10 ppm (parts per million) occurs
in the stratosphere from 25 to 30 km in altitude.
(4) Recent observations of the ozone layer using rocket, high-flying aircraft, and
satellites revealed that the ozone concentration is dramatically decreasing, especially in
the polar regions. This decrease in concentration is called thinning of the ozone layer,

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and larger decreases are called "holes" in the layer. The "holes" in the polar regions of
Earth seem to vary with the seasons. The hole over Antarctica is most widespread from
September to November, a time that corresponds to springtime in the southern
hemisphere, In Fall of 1998 the ozone hole over Antarctica was the largest ever
observed up to that time, "Holes" have also been observed over the north pole and
some industrialized regions of the northern hemisphere.
(5) A decrease in the ozone concentration allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the
surface of Earth. This increase in radiation causes damage to humans, other animals,
plants, bacteria, and microscopic marine organisms (phytoplankton and zooplankton).
For each 1% decrease in the ozone layer, there is a 2% increase in the UV radiation
reaching Earth. It is estimated that a 2% increase in radiation may result in a 4% to 10%
increase in basal-cell skin cancer and an 8% to 20% increase in more serious
squamous-cell skin cancer but the significance of these effects is not known.
(6) The thinning of the ozone layer appears to be a result of human activity. The
chemical culprits are synthetic compounds containing chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
known as chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs (also known as Freons). CFCs were developed in
the 1930s. Over the years, they found use as coolant gases in refrigerators and air
conditioners, as propellant gases in aerosol cans, as industrial solvents, and as foaming
agents in plastic products like Styrofoam and cushion materials. In the United States,
they are no longer used in aerosol cans and other uses are being phased out. Halons,
which are chemically similar to CFCs. find use in fire extinguishers and medical
anesthetics. Halons also affect the ozone layer.
(7) Most gaseous pollutants that enter the atmosphere have a natural sink. The term
sink refers to a long-term repository in the environment. A sink is some place or
chemical form in which a chemical ends up. Normally, a pollutant is changed by some
chemical reaction and is washed from the atmosphere by the rain. Sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides, for example, are transformed to sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which are
carried to Earth as acid rain.
(8) One reason CFCs are used in products or as solvents is that they are very chemically
inert. They are chemically stable, are nontoxic, do not support combustion, and are
non-corrosive. Because CFCs are chemically inert and have no environmental sink, they
are destructive to the ozone.
26. What chemical is used in fire extinguishers?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ؟‬
(A) CFCs
(B) Chlorine
(C) Halons
(D) Polymers
27. What is another name for "Chlorofluorocarbons"?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ا��ﺳﻢ ا��ﺧﺮ ﻟـ "ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن اﻟﻜﻠﻮرﻳﺔ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺔ"؟‬
(A) freons
(B) acids
(C) sulfur

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(D) halons
28. Around what percentage of Ultraviolet Radiation do ozone molecules absorb in the
stratosphere? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ا��ﺷﻌﺎع ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺘﺼﻬﺎ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ا��وزون ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺘﺮاﺗﻮﺳﻔﻴﺮ؟‬
(A) 90%
(B) 80%
(C) 20%
(D) 10%
Passage 4
Heat Transfer
(1) Heat is the exchange of thermal energy between a system and its surroundings
caused by a temperature difference. There is a distinction between temperature and
heat. Temperature is the measure of the thermal energy of a sample of matter. Heat is
the transfer of thermal energy.
(2) Thermal energy always flows from matter at higher temperatures to matter at lower
temperatures. For example, a hot cup of coffee transfers thermal energy-as heat--to
the lower temperature surroundings as it cools down. Imagine a world where the cooler
surroundings actually got colder as they transferred thermal energy to the hot coffee,
which got hotter. Such a world exists only in our imaginations, because a transfer of
heat from a hotter object to a colder one is a fundamental principle in our universe--no
exception has ever been observed. Consequently, the thermal energy in the molecules
within the hot coffee distributes itself to the molecules in the surroundings. The heat
transfer from the coffee to the surroundings stops when the two reach the same
temperature, a condition called thermal equilibrium. At thermal equilibrium, there is no
additional net transfer of heat.

29. What is one important idea about heat transfer that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (2)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫(؟‬2)
(A) heat transfer in a coffee cup
(B) measuring heat transfer
(C) end of heat transfer
(D) direction of heat transfer
30. What is one important point about heat that the writer mentions in Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Heat is not the same as temperature.
(B) Heat always behaves in the same way as it moves.
(C) Heat does NOT operate according to our imagination.
(D) Heat moves between liquids and the area around them.
31. What does the writer want to show by the example of a hot coffee cup?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻨﺠﺎن ﻗﻬﻮة ﺳﺎﺧﻦ؟‬
(A) the effect of heat on various materials.
(B) the main rule of heat transfer.

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(C) the spread of heat energy in liquids.

(D) the relationship between heat and liquid type.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) the uses of heat in engineering.
(B) the technology of heat control.
(C) the movement of heat.
(D) the definition of heat.

Passage 5
Air Pollution ‫ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
(1) Air Pollution Air pollution describes the chemicals and gasses that enter and cause
harm to people, animals, and their environment. Two of the worst types of pollution we
experience in the world are outdoor air quality in cities and indoor air Pollution. To
solve the problem of air Pollution. It is necessary to understand the causes and look for
ways to fix them.
(2) Human activities have been the main causes of air Pollution, especially in modern
cities. To support a larger population, there is always a need for energy. Transportation,
and industries, which result in the spread of harmful chemicals into the air. In addition
to outdoor air pollution, there is another type of pollution. The air quality around and
inside buildings and structures is known as indoor air quality. Indoor air quality has a
direct effect on the comfort and health of the people inside a building. Some of the
common sources of indoor air pollution include chemicals and cleaning products used
in homes and offices.
(3) There are some simple things people can do to help keep the air around them
cleaner. For example, people can use less energy because the more we use sources of
energy, like electricity and gasoline, the more air Pollution we create. People can ride a
bicycle or walk.
33. What does Paragraph (1) say about air pollution? ‫( ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻮث‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء؟‬
(A) It requires complex solutions.
(B) It is caused by several sources.
(C) We need to understand its causes.
(D) We need to educate people about its effects.
34. Why does the writer use the words "In addition" in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﺑﺎ��ﺿﺎﻓﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) to give more information about air pollution.
(B) o give an example of air pollution.
(C) to explain the result of air pollution.
(D) to explain the cause of air pollution.
35. How can we improve outdoor air pollution? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ؟‬
(A) keeping windows open.
(B) riding bicycles.
(C) growing trees.

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(D) stop using cleaning products.

36. Which word can we use to replace the words "for example" in Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت "ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Therefore
(B) Although
(C) In particular
(D) For instance
37. What does the writer think about ordinary people reducing air pollution?
‫ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎم اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء؟‬
(A) He believes that they cannot reduce air pollution.
(B) He believes that they can do little to reduce air pollution.
(C) He believes that they can reduce air pollution.
(D) He believes that they are interested in reducing air pollution.

Passage 6
Currencies ‫اﻟﻌﻤ��ت‬
(1) If you travel abroad frequently, you'll know that the exchange rates are not always
the same. Sometimes you get more foreign currency for your U.S. dollar and
sometimes you get less. That's because, for most currencies, the exchange rate - floats
or moves with the market. This movement (in relationship to the U.S. dollar) is a source
of risk in doing business with other countries. Even though a company may be doing
well within its own borders, currency risk can make it a bad investment when converted
to American dollars. Currency fluctuations can happen very quickly. And they can go up
and down many times in the course of a day.
(2) The fortunes of a currency depend on many of the factors used to assess country
risk but takes on the added complexity of how the country is doing relative to other
countries. Reports of increased inflation immediately lower currency rates. Other factors
that influence currency could be the actions of the central bank of the country, such as
when it raises or lowers interest rates. Therefore, one important factor in assessing a
country's economy is the volatility of its currency as compared to the US dollar. It's not
just the volatility of the currency that is critical; the nation's political stability and how
this matter is seen by other countries is also a cause for fluctuation.

38. What happens because of reports of increased inflation?

‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺤﺪث ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ؟‬
(A) Foreign relations get worse.
(B) The political stability gets worse.
(C) The currency becomes less valuable.
(D) Companies become bad investments.
39. What effect does the political situation have on the exchange rate?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎ�� ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻌﺮ اﻟ��ف؟‬
(A) It has NO effect.

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(B) It causes fluctuations.

(C) It assesses the economy.
(D) It affects foreign relationships.
40. The word Reports in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……….
.........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Stories.
(B) Diaries.
(C) Magazines.
(D) Advertisements.
41. The word currency in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………..
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻲ‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) cash
(B) market
(C) cheque
(D) business

Passage 7

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42. Which two fields extract and use the most water?
‫أي ﺣﻘﻠﻴﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺎن وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه؟‬
(A) Agriculture and Energy.
(B) Agriculture and Industry.
(C) Domestic use and Industry.
(D) Agriculture and Domestic use.
43. Which year will have the highest consumption of water for industry use?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻬ��ك ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه ﻟ��ﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ؟‬
(A) 2025
(B) 2015
(C) 2000
(D) 1975

Passage 8
Solar and Wind Investments (2004-2012)

44. Which year represents the highest wind investment? ‫أي ﻋﺎم ﻳﻤﺜﻞ أﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎح؟‬
(A) 2002
(B) 2004
(C) 2010
(D) 2012
45. Which year represents the lowest solar investment? ‫أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أﻗﻞ اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) 2004
(B) 2006
(C) 2011
(D) 2015

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Passage 9
Avalanches
Avalanches are mass movements of snow and ice, they move very fast and average
speeds are 40/60 km/h, but speeds of up to 200 km/h have been recorded in Japan,
Loose avalanches, made of fresh snow, usually occur soon after a large full of snow. By
contrast, slab avalanches occur at a later date, when the snow has developed some
cohesion and unites together more, Slab avalanches are usually much larger than loose
avalanches and cause much more destruction. They are often started by a sudden rise
in temperature, which causes melting. This lubricates the slab and makes it unstable.
Many of the avalanches occur in spring when the snowpack is large and temperatures
are rising. There is also a relationship between the number of avalanches and altitude.
For example, in the Swiss Alps most occur between 2000 meters and 2500 meters and
there is diminished occurrence both higher up and lower down.

46. The word slab in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………..

............ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻟﻮح" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) chunk
(B) altitude
(C) speed
(D) reduction
47. The word unites in the passage is closest in meaning to …………..
....... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻳﻮﺣﺪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) relates
(B) appears
(C) collapse
(D) combines
48. The word unstable in the passage is closest in meaning to …………..
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
(A) firm
(B) safe
(C) loose
(D) larger
Passage 10
Emotions ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ‬
(1) What comes to mind when you think of emotions? It's probably happiness, sadness,
or fear. Emotions such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear are important emotions,
but human emotional experience is vast which means that people are capable of
experiencing a wide variety of feelings.
(2) Let's consider what emotions do and when emotions happen. According to
functionalist theories of emotion, emotions help people manage important tasks. Fear,
for example, prepares the body to fight or flee; happiness rewards achieving goals and
builds attachments to other people, but what causes emotions to happen in the first
place? Although it usually feels like something in the world causes an emotion, such as

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a good hug, emotion theories argue that emotions most likely come from how we think
about what is happening in the world, not what is really happening. After all, if things in
the world directly caused emotions, everyone would always have the same emotion in
response to something. Interest, for example, may motivate a person to learn
something new, whereas it may not create a response in someone else.
(3) For instance, appraisal theories propose that each emotion is caused by a group of
appraisals, which are evaluations and judgments of what events in the world mean for
our goals and well-being. We ask ourselves, is this relevant to me? Does it further or
obstruct my goals? Can I deal with it or do something about it? Did someone do it on
purpose? Different emotions come from different answers to these appraisal questions.
(4) In general, emotions play important roles in everyday challenges such as responding
to threats and building relationships. But emotions also help in other, more intellectual
challenges for humans. Compared with other animals, we are born with little knowledge
but have the potential for enormous intelligence. Emotions such as surprise, interest,
and confusion first signal that something out of the ordinary has happened that
deserves our attention. They then motivate us to engage with the new things that strain
our understanding of the world and how it works. Emotions surely help us to fight or
flee, but I believe that more importantly, they aid in learning, exploring, and reflecting.
49. What can we understand from Paragraph (2) about a good hug?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎق اﻟﺠﻴﺪ؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It is likely the result of the two people involved feeling happy.
(B) Scientists argue it works as a reward for achieving a goal.
(C) It may cause different feelings in different people.
(D)Theories disagree over its emotional value.
50. How are functionalist theories of emotions different from appraisal theories?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻃﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ؟‬
(A) According to functionalist theories, emotions come from how we judge what
happens in the world.
(B) According to functionalist theories, emotions help us build relationships or respond
to threats.
(C) According to functionalist theories, events in the world cause emotions.
(D) According to functionalist theories, emotional intelligence is more important than
logical intelligence.
51. What idea does the word "relationships" in Paragraph (4) repeat?
‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻋ��ﻗﺎت" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) human emotional experience
(B) evaluations and judgments
(C) attachments to other people
(D) more intellectual challenges
52. Which of the following is the writer's opinion? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) People experience many emotions.
(B) People know very little at birth.
(C) Happiness and sadness are emotions.

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(D) Emotions help us learn, explore, and reflect.

53. What can we understand from the passage about emotions?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻃﻒ؟‬
(A) Emotions may sometimes prevent us from achieving our goals.
(B) Emotions make us want to know more about the world around us.
(C) Scientists have decided there are seven basic types of emotions.
(D) The latest research has changed the way we now think about emotions.

Passage 11
Passage A: Environmental Causes of Obesity
(1) Genetic factors are the forces inside you that cause you to gain weight and stay
overweight. On the other hand, environmental factors are the outside forces that
contribute to these problems. They include anything in our environment that makes us
more likely to eat too much or exercise too little. Taken together, experts think that
environmental factors are the driving force for the causes of obesity and its dramatic
rise.
(2) Environmental influences come into play very early in life, even before we are born.
Researchers believe that the environment surrounding babies before they are born
determines how they will develop later on in life. For example, babies of mothers who
smoked during pregnancy are more likely to become overweight or develop a disease
than those whose mothers did not smoke.
(3) Childhood habits often stick with people for the rest of their lives. Kids who drink
sodas and other drinks that contain sugar and eat high calorie foods develop a taste!
for these products and continue eating them as adults, these behaviors tend to
promote weight gain. Similarly, kids who watch television and play video games instead
of being active may be programming themselves for a sedentary future, which involves
sitting down a lot rather than moving around.
(4) In short, today's environment promotes obesity by encouraging us to eat more and
exercise less. There is also growing evidence that broader aspects of the way we live -
such as how much we sleep, our stress levels, and other psychological factors can affect
weight as well.
Passage B: The Food Factor in Obesity
(1) Today, Americans are eating more calories on average than they did in the 1970s.
Experts believe that what is driving this trend is a combination of the increased
availability and bigger portions of higher calorie foods.
(2) Food is readily available practically everywhere we go -shopping centers, sports
stadiums, movie theaters. Today more Americans are eating outside the home. For
example, in 1970. Americans spent 27% of their food budget on food they are outside
the home; by 2006, that percentage had risen to 46%.
(3) In the 1950s, fast-food restaurants offered one portion size. Today, portion sizes
have suddenly increased, a trend that has spread in many other types of food, from
cookies to sandwiches. For example, a single "supersized" meal may contain 1,500-

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2.000 calories, which are equal to all the calories that most people need for an entire
day.
(4) This is important because research shows that people will often eat what is in front
of them, even if they are already full. We are also eating more high calorie foods
(especially salty snacks, soft drinks, and pizza), which are much more readily available
than lower calorie choices, like salads and whole fruits. Research also shows that what
children eat when they are younger will affect what they will eat as they grow older.
Children who eat fast-food are likely to continue to eat this type A of food later on life,
which would cause them many health problems. Doctors are now encouraging parents
to help their children to develop healthy eating habits from a younger age in order to
avoid any future health complications.
54. What can we understand from passages A and B about children's eating habits?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎدات ا��ﻛﻞ ﻟﺪى ا��ﻃﻔﺎل؟‬
(A) They are less healthy than they were in the past.
(B) They affect their eating habits as adults.
(C) They are linked to levels of activity.
(D) They usually improve as they get older.
55. What do passages A and B say about the cause of obesity?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ؟‬
(A) Bad eating habits cause obesity.
(B) Lack of exercise causes obesity.
(C) Stress factors cause obesity.
(D) Genetics cause obesity.
56. What can we understand from passages A and B about soft drinks?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤ��وﺑﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) They are more available than healthy drinks.
(B) Children drink them less than in the past.
(C) Children should avoid drinking them.
(D) They have increased in popularity over time.
57. What do passages A and B say about today's environment?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻴﻮم؟‬
(A) People exercise less.
(B) People are healthier.
(C) People eat a lot more.
(D) People have more stress.
Passage 12
Bees ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38) and that
they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and work together to
produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more than 1,400 years afterwards,
has accepted that this information is indeed correct. Now, scientists in the United
Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures may also have feelings and
emotions similar to those of humans.

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(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent
years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many
explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease
and pesticides. Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate,
this is a very serious situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of
the world's crops depend on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do
they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?

(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells.
After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they
were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet
prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees
would do if they were put in a stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make
them think they were in danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for
new smells, and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste good, it
seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These bees had become
“pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much more likely to try tastes from
new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of
the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings
of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This
knowledge, along with further investigations into bee behavior and "feelings" can
hopefully be used to understand and remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and
for ours.
58. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59. Why are bees important to humans?
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.
60. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

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Model 27
Passage 1
Giant Panda
1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese government has an
agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for scientific study. After a few years,
they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old
female, is being prepared for her trip to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight
from the U.S. is being arranged for her.
2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and even language
lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese. The caretakers at her
new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and
feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia,
since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or
higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.
21. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese? ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺮاس اﻟﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﻮن أن ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻲ ��ن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ؟‬، ( 2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C)so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
22. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
‫ أﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻲ ��ن ﺗﻌﻴﺶ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
(B) in an American research center
(C) in Atlanta, Georgia
(D) in Sichuan China

Passage 2
Stars
(1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different
colors. Some are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is also shown when we
take color photographs of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an
ordinary camera as long as it is kept steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
(2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found
that blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars
which cannot be classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a
blue superstar as big as 40.000 suns and Beetlejuice is a superstar with a size equal to
17.000 suns.
(3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of
them is a superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer.
Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure the brightness of a

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star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star's distance from the earth it
astronomers know the color, brightness and whether or not it is a superstar.
23. The pronoun it in Paragraph (1) refers to the ……………………..
(A) photograph
(B) exposure
(C) camera
(D) star
24. The word brighter in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ……………..
(A) more colorful
(B) more shiny
(C) smaller
(D) larger
25. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
(A) green
(B) yellow
(C) blue
(D) red

Passage 3
Computers through the 1970s and 1980s
1975
(1) The first commercially available microcomputer, the Altair 880, is the first computer
to be called a "personal computer.” It has 64km of memory and an open 100line bus
structure. Selling for about $400, the Altair 880 comes in a kit to be assembled by the
user.
Two young college students, Paul Allen and Bill Gates, unveil the BASIC language
interpreter for the Altair computer.
1976
(2) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak build the Apple I computer. It is less powerful than
the Altair, but it is also less expensive and less complicated.
1977
(3) The Apple II computer is unveiled. It comes already assembled in a case, with a
built-in keyboard. Users must plug in their own TVs for monitors. Fully assembled
microcomputers hit the general market, with Radio Shack, Commodore, and Apple all
selling models.
1978
(4) Intel releases the 8086 microprocessors, a 16-bit chip that sets a new standard for
power, capacity, and speed in microprocessors.
1979
(5) Intel introduces the 8088-microprocessor featuring 16-bit internal architecture and
an 8-bit external bus.

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Motorola introduces the 68000-chip used in early Macintosh computers Micropro

International introduces WordStar, the commercially successful processing program for
IBM-compatible microcomputers.
1980
(6) IBM chooses Microsoft to provide the operating system for its upcoming PC
Microsoft purchases a program developed by Seattle Computer Products called Q-DOS
and modifies it to run on IBM hardware.
1981
(7) IBM introduces the IBM-PC, with a 4.77 MHZ Intel 8088 CPU. 16KB of memory. a
keyboard and monitor for price lag of $2.495 Xerox Unveils the Xerox Star computer its
high price dooms the computer to commercial failure, but its features inspire a whole
new direction in computer design. Its little box on wheels (the first mouse) can execute
commands on screen.
1982
(8) AutoCAD, a program for designing 2-D and 3-D objects is released. AutoCAD will
go on to revolutionize the architecture and engineering industries Work begins of the
development of TCP/IP. The term internet is used for the first time to describe the
worldwide network of computers.
1983
(9) Apple introduces the l.isa, the first commercial computer with a purely graphical
operating system and mouse. The industry is excited, but Lisa's $10.000 price tag
discourages buyers.
1984
(10) Adobe systems release its PostScript system, allowing printers to produce crisp
print in a number of typefaces, as well elaborate graphical images. Apple introduces the
friendly Macintosh microcomputer and satellite Software international introduces the
WordPerfect word processing program.
1985
(11) Aldus release PageMaker for the Macintosh, the first desktop publishing software
for microcomputers Microsoft announces the Windows 1.0 Operating environment,
featuring the first graphical user interface for PCs.
1986
(12) IBM delivers the PC convertible. IBM'S first laptop computer and the first el-based
computer with a 3.5inch floppy disk drive. Microsoft sells its first public stock for $21 per
share, raising $61 million in the initial public offering.
1987
(13) The Macintosh II computer aimed at the desktop publishing market is introduced
by Apple. It features an SVGA monitor.
1988
(14) Apple Computer files the single biggest lawsuit in the computer industry against
Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard. Claiming copyright infringement of its operating
system A virus called the "Internet Worm" is released on the internet, disabling about
ten percent of all Internet host computers.

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1989
(15) Tim Berners-Lee develops software around the hypertext concept. Enabling users
to click on a word or phrase in a document and jump either to another location within
the document or another file with the doc or to another file. This software provides the
foundation for the development of the World Wide Web, and it is the basis for the first
Web browsers.
26. What is the name of the first personal computer? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﺳﻢ أول ﺟﻬﺎز ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺷﺨ��؟‬
(A) Altair 880
(B) BASIC
(C) Apple I
(D) Dell
27. Which company purchased the Q-DOS program?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟ��ﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺷﺘﺮت ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬Q-DOS‫؟‬
(A) Apple
(B) IBM
(C) Microsoft
(D) Hewlett Packard
28. In which year was the Macintosh II introduced? ‫؟‬2 ‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻋﺎم ﺗﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺎﻛﻨﺘﻮش‬
(A) 1977
(B) 1978
(C) 1980
(D) 1987

Passage 4
Using taxes to change social behavior
(1) Taxes can be used to change people's behavior and are often used to reduce the
amount of demerit goods people buy. Demerit goods are products which can cause
negative effects in an economy. Cigarette smoking is one example and taxing smokers
should, in theory, reduce the demand for cigarettes. Taxes are also used to protect the
natural environment by charging those who pollute or damage it. For example,
countries such as the UK and China tax cars based on the engine size because vehicles
with larger engines tend to cause more pollution.
(2) Another example is the tax on plastic bags. Before July 2009, Hong Kong used an
average of 30 million plastic bags every day! For quite a small population of 7 million
people, this meant the average person in Hong Kong was using more than four plastic
bags every day, often just using each plastic bag once only. This amazing figure meant
that the country's landfills would be unable to cope with the bags when they were
thrown away.
(3) Hong Kong's introduction of a small tax (6.5 US cents) on the use of plastic bags has
encouraged people to use recycled shopping bags. In fact, demand for plastic bags fell
by 85 percent within the first 2 days of the tax being introduced. This follows similar
moves made by other countries such as China (in 2007) and Ireland in 2002).

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and that might cut your profits in half, but 100% profit ($20,000) is still way, way better
than 10% ($2,000).
33. What does Paragraph (2) say about old-fashioned investments?
‫( ﻋﻦ ا��ﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرات اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) They are an older leverage technique.
(B) They include a minimum investment of $20,000.
(C) They used to increase by 200% before the 1990s.
(D) They receive lower returns than leveraged investments.
34. How did leverage solve the issue of low investment returns?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﻠﺖ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻋﻮاﺋﺪ ا��ﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر؟‬
(A) It increased the value of investments by $40,000.
(B) It allowed people to borrow more money to invest.
(C) It helped people to find the best locations to invest in.
(D) It promised loans up to 19 times the amount a person had to invest.
35. Why does the writer use the word Instead in Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺪ�� ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) to give more information about old-fashioned investments
(B) to show that investments made using leverage can gain greater profits
(C) to give an example of how using leverage was a bad investment technique
(D) to show that you had to make old-fashioned investments before you can use
leverage promised loans up to 19 times the amount a person had to invest.
36. Which word can we use to replace the word So in Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻟﺬا" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Particularly
(B) Though
(C) Although
(D) Afterwards
37. What does the writer think about old-fashioned investment?
‫ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ا��ﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ؟‬
(A) He thinks it was only popular in the 1990s.
(B) He thinks it can only be used to invest in property.
(C) He thinks it is good, but financial institutions dislike it.
(D) He thinks it is good, but leverage you a better return.

Passage 6
Increase in life expectancy
(1) The life expectancy is the average age to which a newborn baby can be expected to
live. In Europe between 1830 and 1900 the life expectancy was 40-50 years. Between
1900 and 1950 it rose to 65 and now it is 73-74 years. In central Africa, life expectancy
was rising to 58 years until the AIDS epidemic caused it to fall back to about 45 years.
(2) These figures are averages. They do not mean, for example, that everyone in the
developing world will live to the age of 58. In the developing world, 40% of the deaths
are of children younger than 5 years and only 25 - 30% are deaths of people over 60. In

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Europe's, only 5 - 20% of deaths are those of children below the age of 5, but 70-80%
are of people over 60.
(3) An increase in the number of people over the age of 60 does not change the rate of
population growth much, because these people are past the age when they can have
children. On the other hand, if the death rate among children falls and the extra
children survive to have children of their own, then the population will continue to
grow. This is the chief reason for the rapid population growth in the developing world
since 1950.
38. What did AIDS lead to in central Africa? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي أدى إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺮض ا��ﻳﺪز ﻓﻲ إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ؟‬
(A) A drop in the population growth rate.
(B) A drop in the average expected life time.
(C) A drop in the number of babies born alive.
(D) A drop in the health of children under the age of 5.
39. What can cause growth in population rate? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺪل‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن؟‬
(A) an increase in numbers of 74-year-old people
(B) an increase in numbers of women over 45 who have children
(C) an increase in numbers of people living until the age of 60
(D) an increase in numbers of young people living and having children
40. The word rapid in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to …………….
.............. ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "��ﻳﻊ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) low
(B) quick
(C) normal
(D) average
41. The word chief in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to …………….
............ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "رﺋﻴ��" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) simple
(B) only
(C) main
(D) strange

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Passage 7

42. What was the lowest number of paid holidays for any city?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﻗﻞ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ ا��ﺟﺎزات ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻋﺔ ا��ﺟﺮ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ؟‬
(A) 4.2 days
(B) 6.1 days
(C) 8.0 days
(D) 9.7 days
Passage 8
Muscle and Nerve Tissue
1) Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction. When muscle cells contract, they
shorten and bring about some type of movement. There are three types of muscle
tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. The movements each can produce have very
different purposes.
Skeletal muscle
2) Skeletal muscle may also be called striated muscle or voluntary muscle. . Each one
describes particular aspect of this tissue, as you will see. The skeletal muscles cells
are cylindrical have several nuclei each, and appear striated or striped. The striations
are the result of the precise arrangement of the contracting proteins within the cells,
skeletal muscle tissue makes up the muscle that are attached to bones. These
muscles are supplied with motor nerves, and this move the skeleton. They also
produce a significant amount of heat, which is important to help maintain the
body's constant temperature. Each muscle cell has its own motor nerve ending. The
nerve impulses that can then travel to the muscles are essential to cause
contraction. Although we do not have to consciously, plan all our movements. The
nerve impulses for them originate in the cerebration. The "thinking" part of the

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brain. Let us return to the three names for this tissue "skeletal" describes its location,
"striated" describes its appearance, and "voluntary" describes how it functions.
Smooth Muscle
3) Smooth muscle may also be called involuntary muscle or visceral muscle. The cells
of smooth muscle have tapered ends, a single nucleus. and no striations. Although
nerve impulses do bring about contractions, this is not something most of us can
control, once the name involuntary. The rerun visceral refers to internal organs,
many of which contain smooth muscle. The function of smooth muscle are actually
functions of the organs in which muscle is found in the smooth and infections,
smooth muscle contracts in waves called peristalsis to propel food through the
digestive tract. In the walls of arteries and values, smooth muscle constricts or
dilates the velars to maintain normal blood pressure. The inks of the eye have two
types of smooth muscle. There to constrict or dilates the pupil which regulates the
amount of light that strikes the retime. Other functions of smooth muscle are
mentioned in later chapters. This is an important time that you will come across
again and again in our study of the injured body.

Cardiac muscle
4) The cells of the heart, cardiac muscle, are branched have one muscles each, and
have faint serration. The cell membranes at the ends of these cells are somewhat
folded and fit into matching folds of the membranes of the next cells. (Interlock the
fingers of both hands to get an idea of what these adjacent members look like.)
These interlocking folds are called intercalated discs, and permit the electrical impulses
of muscle confection to pass swiftly from cell to cell. This enables the heart to beat in a
very perceive wave of contractions from the upper chambers to the lower chambers.
cardiac muscle as a whom is called the myocardium, and forms the walls of the four
chambers of the heart. Its function. Therefore, is the function of the heart, to bump
blood. The contractions of the myocardium create blood pressure and keep blood
circulating throughout the body, so that the blood can carry out its many functions.
Cardiac muscle cells have the ability to contract by themselves. Thus, the heart
maintains its own beat. The rule of nerve impasses is to increase or decrease the heart
rate, depending upon whatever is needed by the body in the particular situation.
Nerve Tissue
5) Nerve tissue consists of nerve cells called neurons and some specialized cells found only in
the nervous system. The nervous system has two divisions: the central nervous system
(CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The brain and spinal cord are the organs
of the CNS. They are made of nervous and specialized cells called neuroglia. the PNS
consistencies of all the nerves that energy from the CNS and supply the rest of the body.
there nerves are made of neurons and specialized cells called Schwann cells. the Schwann
cells form myelin sheaths to electrically instate nervous. Nervous are capable of generating
and transmuting electrochemical impulses. There are carry different kinds of nervous. but
they all have the same basic structure. The cell body contains the muscles and is essential
for the continuing life of the nervous. An axon is a process (the name “process” here means

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“something that sticks cell.” a cellular extension) that carries impulses away from the cell
body. Its neuron has only one axon. Dendrites into processes that carry impulses forward
the cell body, a neuron may have several dendrites. A nerve impulse travels along the cell
membrane of a nervous and is electrical. But where nervous need there is a small space
called synapse. Which an electrical imputes cannot cross. At a synapse, between the axon
of the neuron and the dendrite of cell body of the next neuron, impales transmission
depends upon chemicals called neurotransmitters.

43. What are two other muscle names for skeletal muscle?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ا��ﺳﻤﺎن ا��ﺧﺮان ﻟﻌﻀﻠﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻲ؟‬
(A) striated and voluntary.
(B) striated and striped.”
(C) voluntary and striped.
(D) contracting and striated.
44. What are two other names for smooth muscle? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ا��ﺳﻤﺎن ا��ﺧﺮان ﻟﻠﻌﻀﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺴﺎء؟‬
(A) tapered and internal.
(B) internal and visceral.
(C) involuntary and internal.
(D) involuntary and visceral.
45. What are two divisions of the nervous system? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻘﺴﻤﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ؟‬
(A) central and insulate
(B) central and peripheral
(C) insulate and peripheral
(D) specialized and insulate
Passage 9
Automation
The principal benefit of supermarket automation is inventory control. The computer has
a comprehensive record of each item sold as well as a record of the quantity still in
stock. Once this information is in the computer's memory, it is a simple matter to have
the computer printout daily a list of those items that have gone below a predetermined
number and, so, need to be reordered. In effect, the responsibility of having to decide
whether to reorder each of perhaps 8,000 products is taken from the store manager,
who cannot accurately analyze every one of the 8,000 situations simultaneously, and is
given to a system ideally suited for such routine decision-making.
46. The word comprehensive in the passage is closest in meaning to……………
..........‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺷﺎﻣﻞ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) complete
(B) average
(C) global
(D) universal
47. The word ideally in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………
............. ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) elegantly

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(B) correctly
(C) mentally
(D) perfectly
Passage 10
Hyperinflation
(1) Because Germany had no goods to trade after its defeat in WW1, the Weimar
government simply printed money. For Weimar government leaders this seemed an
attractive solution. It paid off its debts in the failing German currency, the mark,
including war loans of over €2200 million. The great industrialists were able to pay of all
their debts as well.
(2) This set off a chain reaction. With so much money in circulation prices and wages
rocketed, but people soon realized that this money was useless. Workers needed
trolleys to carry home their pay. Wages began to be paid daily instead of weakly. The
price of goods could rise between joining the back of a queue in a shop and Teaching
the front!
(3) While you might think that the poor suffered most, some historians argue that the
greatest casualties were middle-class Germans - those with saving A prosperous
middle-class family would find that their savings in the bank, which might have bought
them a house in 1921. by 1923 would not even buy a loaf of bread. Pensioners found
that their previously adequate monthly pension would not even buy a cup of coffee.
(4) It was clear to all, both inside and outside Germany, that the situation needed
urgent action. In August 1923 a new government under Gustav Stresemann took over
He called off the passive resistance in the Ruhr. He called in the useless marks and
burned them, replacing them with a new Currency - the American-backed Retenmark.
He negotiated to reduce Germany's debt and receive American loans under the Dawes
Plan In addition, Germany repaired relations with its neighbors and reopened tune with
renewed trade and the flow of American dollars, life improved. The economic crisis was
shed very quickly. Some historians suggest that this is evidence that many problems
were not as severe as its politicians had made out.
(5) It is also increasingly clear, however, that the hibernation had done great political
damage to the Weimar government. Their right-wing opponents had yet another
problem to blame them for the movement had lost the part of the middle classes.
48. What phrase other than "economic crisis" does the writer use to describe the
problems caused by hyperinflation? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ا��ﺧﺮى ﺑﺨ��ف "ا��زﻣﺔ ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ" اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط؟‬
(A) replacing currency
(B) political damage
(C) urgent action
(D) war loans
49. Which of the following is an opinion? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ رأي؟‬
(A) From 1921-1923 the German middle class DID NOT buy houses.
(B) Workers needed trolleys to carry home their wages
(C) A new government took power in 1923.

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(D) Germany's problems were NOT as severe as its politicians had said.
50. How is some historians' view of hyperinflation victims different from the common
view? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺆرﺧﻴﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺿﺤﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ؟‬
(A) They believe that people who DIDN'T money suffered.
(B) They believe that people who had savings suffered most.
(C) They believe that people were starving in the streets.
(D) They believe other European states suffered more.
51. What can we understand from Paragraph (5) about the opponents of the Weimar
government? ‫( ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎر�� ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﺎﻳﻤﺎر؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) They blamed the government for losing the war.
(B) They used the economic crisis to gain power.
(C) They refused American support.
(D) They were middle class citizens.
52. What can we understand from Paragraph (4) about the solution to the crisis?
‫( ﺣﻮل ﺣﻞ ا��زﻣﺔ؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It hurt Gustav Stresemann's opponents.
(B) It was very difficult to achieve.
(C) It depended on American money.
(D) It damaged Germany's relations with its neighbors.

Passage 11
Alchemy ‫اﻟﺨﻴﻤﻴﺎء‬
The branch of science now called chemistry was in medieval times called alchemy.
Alchemists believed that any substance could be transformed into any other substance,
and many of them tried unsuccessfully to turn ordinary metals into gold. With the
advances of the Scientific Revolution, the experiments of alchemists were abandoned.
However, some of their practices - especially the manipulation of metals and acids - set
the stage for modern chemistry.
53. The word abandoned in the passage is closest in meaning to ……….
........... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺘﺮوﻛﻪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) begun
(B) stopped
(C) increased
(D) continued

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Passage 12
Passage A: What Is Mania
(1) Mania is state of elevated energy, mood, and behavior. It is most often seen those
with mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective disorder. Mania may
also appear in people who have taken certain drugs or medications. While the feelings
present in mania can be positive. Full of energy, or even euphoric (extremely happy).
They may also be negative-felling of anger, fear, or grandiosity (false belief in the level
of your own importance).
(2) The symptoms of mania can go from mild (known as hypomania) to strong (known
as a manic episode): at its highest level main can cause delusions (false believes).
Violence and an increased risk of suicide a mania episode can test anywhere from
several days to several months and symbols will usually get worse and worse.
Hypomania can sometimes have appositive effects. Like increased ability to get work
done and grater feelings of hopes.
(3) Bipolar disorder is the most command courses of mania though symptoms of
depression occur most frequently in bipolar disorder. All people suffering from the
illness also experience some form of mania at least once. When mania is accompanied
by desirous. Schizoaffective disorder is more likely to be indicated tenement for the
mania of these disorder (illnesses) usually includes drags to control mood, such as
lithium: take therapy is also recommended to help patients, learn to deal with
symptoms and develop healthy living plans there many reduce their risk of suffering
from mains in the future.

Passage B: Bipolar Disorder

(1) Bipolar disorder is a mental that illness that causes unusual changes in mood,
energy, activity levels, concentration, and the ability to carry out everyday tasks.
(2) Mood changes go from periods of extrorsely “up”, happy, “angry” or energized
behavior, known as mania, to very “down” sad, indifferent, or hopeless periods, known
as depression. Depression is the most common feature of the illness.
(3) Sometimes people experience symptoms of mania and depression in the same time.
These periods are called episodes with mixed features. People experiencing an episode
with mixed features may feel very sad, empty, or hopeless, while at the same time
felling extremely energized.
(4) A person may have bipolar even if their symptoms are less extreme. For example,
some people with bipolar disorder expertness hypomania, a milder form of mania.
During hypomania period, a person may feel very good, successfully finish tasks, and
keep up will everyday life. The person may not feel that anything is wrong, but family
and friends may recognize the changes in mood or activity levels as possible bipolar
disorder. Without proper filament, people with hypomania can develop severe mania or
depression.
(5) Bipolar disorder is typically identified when patients are teenagers or young adults.
occasionally, bipolar symptoms can appeal in children. Bipolar disorder can also appear
in women when they first become pregnant. Victims of the illness require treatment

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their whole lives. therapy and medication can help people manage symptoms and
improve their quality of live.

54. What can we understand from passages A and B about hypomania?

‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ اﻟﻬﻮس اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ؟‬
(A) It may lead to depression.
(B) Symptoms occur most often in children.
(C) People experiencing it may still complete their work.
(D) Family and friends may be the only ones to notice symptoms.

55. Which of the following are symptoms of bipolar disorder according to passages A
and B? ‫أي ﻣﻦ ا��ﻋﺮاض اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ أﻋﺮاض ا��ﺿﻄﺮاب ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ؟‬
(A) mania and episodes with mixed features
(B) mania and mood episodes
(C) mania and delusions
(D) mania and depression

56. What do passages A and B say about bipolar disorder?

‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ا��ﺿﻄﺮاب ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ؟‬
(A) It can make people feel sad and full of energy at the same time.
(B) Treatment includes prescription drugs and counseling.
(C) It is the most frequent cause of mania.
(D) Symptoms are usually mild.

57. What can we understand from passages A and B about depression?

‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ا��ﻛﺘﺌﺎب؟‬
(A) It is the most often occurring symptom of bipolar disorder.
(B) The depression of bipolar disorder is a generally mild form.
(C) People can experience it at the same time they experience mania.
(D) It is a symptom of various illnesses, but it is also a major illness by itself.

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Passage 13
Strange Substance ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬
(1) A mysterious, orange, sticky gel, found on the beaches of Kivalina, a village situated
on the Alaskan coast between Kotzebue and Point Hope, was recently the source of
much interest. Many people thought that the sticky gel was some strange compound
that had spread as a result of a chemical reaction. Others had more farfetched ideas
about the substance's origins ranging from aliens to volcanic remains.
(2) Scientists at an Alaskan laboratory have been busy analyzing the unknown
substance. They have concluded that it is a formation of microscopic eggs. One of the
scientists said that there are traces of oil in the eggs, and this is what is causing the
strange, orange color.
(3) The scientists have discovered that the eggs belong to a small invertebrate – a
spineless animal, but they have not been able to identify the exact species.
58. According to Paragraph (1), the strange, orange substance was found ……..
(A) on the beaches of Kotzebue
(B) on the beaches of Point Hope
(C) close to a compound in Alaska
(D) between Kotzebue and Point Hope
59. The word far-fetched in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……….
(A) difficult to believe
(B) easy to believe
(C) definite
(D) clear
60. The pronoun it in Paragraph (2) refers to……………..
(A) traces of oil
(B) a microscope
(C) the unknown substance
(D) one of Alaska's laboratories

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Model 28
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!"
Mike's arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop
to wipe the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire
destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other smoke
jumpers to build a firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster that was
raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it
would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would
have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet
with sweat. He was too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting
the fire. He turned his head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man
was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he
forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others
with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ………….
(A) He had sweat all over him.
(B) He was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) He had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves …………
(A) Working with proper tools
(B) Avoiding fire hazards
(C) Losing one's courage
(D) Caring for others
23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………
(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man
Passage 2
Giant Panda
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to

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China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan
Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in
Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment.
Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is
unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be
fluent in both English and Chinese.
24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese?
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers.
(B) so that she will feel at home in China.
(C) so that she can forget her English.
(D) so that she will like her new diet.
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
(A) In Sichuan, China.
(B) In Atlanta, Georgia.
(C) In an American research center.
(D) In the Chengdu Panda Research Center.

Passage 3
Team Rubicon: Working for a not-for-profit organization.
(1) Not-for-profit organizations contribute to a large part of economic activity in the
United States. They are clearly very powerful in the business world, even though their
focus on goals other than profit falls outside the traditional model of a for-profit
business. But it is this move away from a focus on profit that allows them to follow their
aims of social improvement and contribute to society as a whole. To be truly useful in a
not-for profit organization, a person must share the organization's vision.
(2) The vision for Team Rubicon was created by its founders, Jake Wood and William
McNulty, who saw the devastation, caused by the Haiti earthquake in 2010 and
immediately took action. Both former soldiers, Wood and McNulty knew they could do
something to help in this terrible situation. Within 24 hours, they had found the help of
six other former soldiers, collected money, food and medicines from friends and family,
and made their way to Haiti to help, and Team Rubicon was born.
(3) The organization gets its name from the Rubicon, a river in northern Italy that Julius
Caesar and his army crossed on their historical march to Rome, with the river showing
the point of no return. The name mirrors the founders' experiences during the Haitian
disaster, where despite advice from the government and other aid organizations not to
go ahead, their small team crossed into Haiti from the Dominican Republic carrying
essential equipment and medicines to thousands of earthquake victims.

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(4) Seven years later, Team Rubicon has two main aims: to pair the skills and
experiences of former soldiers with emergency workers to be ready for any type of
disaster and to provide a sense of community and achievement to former soldiers who
have served their country but may be experiencing problems as a result of their war
experiences.
(5) According to the organization's mission statement, Team Rubicon aims to provide
former soldiers with three things that they sometimes lose after leaving the army: a
purpose, gained through disaster relief, a sense of community, built by working with
others; and a feeling of self-worth from recognizing the positive effect one individual
can make when helping others.
(6) With its head office in the Los Angeles area. Team Rubicon has more than 60
employees who work in 10 regions around the country, along with more than 40.000
volunteers who are ready to move into action within 24 hours. Similar to company
operations in for-profit organizations, staff positions at Team Rubicon include local
administrators; field operations (including membership and training); marketing,
communications, and social media; fundraising and partnership development, finance
and accounting, and people operations.
(7) Team Rubicon's stall members bring professional and/or military experience to their
daily jobs. but they all Share the organization's vision. Many staff members started as
volunteers for Team Rubicon while working in for-profit careers, while other took
advantage of the organization’s strong training program to become familiar with its
aims.
(8) In 2016. Team Rubicon trained 8.000 former soldiers and emergency workers in
disaster relief and responded to 46 disasters, which required more than 85.000
volunteer hours. In addition to donations from individuals. Companies and other
organizations. Team Rubicon relies on its partnerships with companies, such as
Southwest Airlines, which provides hundreds of free plane tickets each year to fly
volunteers to disaster sites.
(9) Team Rubicon engages its nationwide community at every level of the organization,
from volunteer to board member, and every step of its operation: from training to
planning to implementation to looking for and finding donations and volunteers to
help with any type of disaster relief. Over the past several years. Team Rubicon has
been recognized as one of the top non- profits to work for by The Non-Profit Times,
based on employee surveys and business partners' opinions about the organization's
work environment.
26. In 2016, how many disasters did Rubicon respond?
‫ ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻜﻮارث اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﺠﺎب ﻟﻬﺎ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن؟‬، 2016 ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
(A) 10
(B) 24
(C) 46
(D) 60

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27. Where is Rubicon's head office? ‫أﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن اﻟﺮﺋﻴ��؟‬

(A) Dominican Republic
(B) New York
(C) Haiti
(D) Los Angeles
28. From what country did Team Rubicon cross into Haiti?
‫ﻣﻦ أي ﺑﻠﺪ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ روﺑﻴﻜﻮن إﻟﻰ ﻫﺎﻳﺘﻲ؟‬
(A) Dominican Republic
(B) United States
(C) Cuba
(D) Italy
Passage 4
Mongols and Climate
(1) New research by tree-ring scientists from Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory and West Virginia University may have uncovered the reason why an
obscure band of nomadic Mongol horsemen were able to sweep through much of Asia
in a few meteoric decades 800 years ago, conquering everything in their path: They
enjoyed an unprecedented, and yet-to-be-repeated, 15-year run of bountiful rains and
mild weather on the normally cold and arid steppes.
(2) By sampling tree rings in the gnarled and twisted Siberian pines in the Hangay
Mountains in central Mongolia, the team pieced together a remarkably precise
chronology of local climatic conditions stretching from the year 900 A.D. to the present.
The study, published in the National Academy of Science offers a new interpretation of
why the Mongols suddenly went on the move.
(3) The traditional view has been that the Mongols were desperately fleeing harsh
conditions in their craggy, mountainous homeland. The Lamont-Doherty team,
however, found just the opposite: Between 1211 and 1225_ a period that neatly
coincides with the rise of Genghis Khan and the Mongol empire, central Mongolia
enjoyed a spell of sustained benign weather unlike anything the region has experienced
during at least the past 1,100 years and probably much longer.
(4) "What makes our new record distinctive is that we can see 15 straight years of
above-average moisture," says the study's lead author. Neil Pedersen, a tree-ring
scientist with the Lamond-Doherty Earth Observatory. "It falls during an important
period in Mongol histone and is singular in terms of persistently wet conditions.”
29. What is one idea related to the Mongols that the writer mentions in Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻐﻮل اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) They disliked the rain.
(B) They controlled only Asia.
(C) They used to battle on horseback.
(D) Tree ring scientists study Mongol history.

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30. What is one important idea related to the period between 1211-1225 that the writer
mentions in paragraph (3)? 1225-1211 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫(؟‬3) ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) The weather was unusual.
(B) Genghis Khan was born.
(C) The Mongol empire ended.
(D) It was a time of great difficulty.
31. Why does the writer mention Siberian pines? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﺼﻨﻮﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﺒﻴﺮي؟‬
(A) Their tree rings were used in the study.
(B) The Mongols used them for firewood.
(C) They are the oldest trees in Mongolia.
(D) They grow in harsh conditions.
32. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) The Lamont-Doherty team of scientists
(B) Siberian Pine trees in the Hangay Mountains
(C) The rise of the Mongolian empire under Genghis Khan
(D) The success of the Mongol empire due to weather conditions

Passage 5
Inventory Management
(1) Inventory, or the amount of material a company holds. Can affect customer
satisfaction. Here, managers must maintain the delicate balance between carrying too
little inventory and carrying too much. With too little stock. The firm risks not having
products which customers want to buy. To remedy this, the firm may need costly
emergency shipments or production. Carrying too much inventory results in higher-
than-necessary inventory-carrying costs and out-of-date stock. Thus, in managing
inventory, firms must balance the costs of carrying larger inventories against resulting
sales and profits.
(2) Many companies have greatly reduced their inventories and related costs though
just-in-time logistics systems with such systems, producers and retailers carry only small
inventories of points or merchandise, often only enough for a few days of operations.
New stock arrives exactly when needed, rather than being stored in inventory until
being used. Just-in-time systems acquire accurate forecasting along with fast, frequent
and flexible delivery so that new supplies will be available when needed. However,
these systems result in substantial savings in inventory-carrying and handling Costs.
(3) Marketers are always looking for new ways to make inventory management more
efficient in the not-too- distant future. Handling inventory might even become fully
automated. For example, smart tag teclmology.by which small transmitter clips are
embedded more placed on products and packaging on everything from flowers and
razors to tires. Smart products could make the entire supply chain - which accounts for
nearly 75 percent of a product's cost intelligent and automated.
33. What does paragraph (1) say about inventories? ‫( ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺠﺮد؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬

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(A) They help firms reduce costs and increase profits.

(B) They help customers find the right items faster.
(C) They make customers and managers happy.
(D) They always result in more profits.
34. What do firms do to avoid keeping higher than necessary inventories?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻌﻞ اﻟ��ﻛﺎت ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ا��ﺣﺘﻔﺎظ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺰوﻧﺎت أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟ��زم؟‬
(A) They balance the costs against the sales and profits.
(B) They reduce their costs through logistics systems.
(C) They call customers to determine their needs.
(D) They make their inventories automated.
35. Why does the writer use the word "However" in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) To show that just-in-time systems are actually useful.
(B) To explain the process of just-in-time systems,
(C) To give an example of just-in-time systems.
(D) To list the benefits of just-in-time systems.
36. Which word can we use to replace "Thus" in paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ "وﻫﻜﺬا" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Particularly
(B) However
(C) Therefore
(D) Though
37. How does the writer feel about the future of inventories?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺗﺠﺎه ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺠﺮد؟‬
(A) He believes future inventories will cost more.
(B) He believes future inventories will require more forecasting.
(C) He believes future inventories will make customers happier.
(D) He believes future inventories will soon be smarter and fully automate

Passage 6
The Spinal Cord
(1) The spinal cord is an information highway connecting the nervous system to the
brain. Ascending neural areas send up sensory information, and descending areas send
back motor-control information. A look at the neural pathways that control our reflexes,
our automatic responses to stimuli, shows the spinal cords work. A simple spinal-reflex
path is composed of a single sensory neuron and a single motor neuron, which often
communicate through an interneuron.
(2) One such path makes up the pain reflex. When your fingers touch a hot stove,
neural activity excited by the heat travels via sensory neurons to interneurons in your
spinal cord. These interneurons respond by activating motor neurons to the muscles in
your arm, causing you to jerk your hand away.
(3) Because the simple pain-reflex pathway runs through the spinal cord and out, you
jerk your hand from a candle's flame before your brain receives and responds to the

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information that causes you to feel pain. Information travels to and from the brain by
way of the spinal cord. Were the top of your spinal cord severed, you would not feel
such pain. Or pleasure. Your brain would literally be out of touch with your body. Thus,
you would lose all sensation and voluntary movement in body regions whose sensory
and motor neurons connect with the spinal cord below its point of injury.
38. What helps information travel up and down the spine?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ا��ﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺻﻌﻮدا وﻫﺒﻮﻃﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻔﻘﺮي؟‬
(A) The brain
(B) Neural paths
(C) The air we breathe
(D) Automatic responses
39. The word descending in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………….
...........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﻨﺎزﻟﻲ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) falling
(B) rising
(C) moving
(D) connecting
40. According to Paragraph (2), What finally makes you take your hand away from
something hot? ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪا ﻋﻦ ��ء ﺳﺎﺧﻦ؟‬ ً ‫أﺧﻴﺮا ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻳﺪك‬
ً ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻚ‬,(2) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Natural fear of pain
(B) A single sensory neuron
(C) Motor neurons in arm muscles
(D) Your finger touching a hot stove
41. When would your brain stop receiving information from the spinal cord?
‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ دﻣﺎﻏﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺨﺎع اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ؟‬
(A) When the pain-reflex pathway ran through the spinal cord and out.
(B) If an accident cut you spinal cord in two pain
(C) If you stopped experiencing pleasure or pain
(D) When you were sleeping very heavily.
42. The word flame in paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to …………..
........... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻟﻬﺐ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Fire
(B) Pain
(C) Stove
(D) Feeling

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Passage 7

43. What was the healthy life expectancy for men in Germany in 1990?
‫؟ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬1990 ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﺎل ﻓﻲ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﺎم‬
(A) about 47 years
(B) about 55 years
(C) about 63 years
(D) about 70 years
44. How much did women's healthy life expectancy increase in India from 1990-2013?
‫؟ﻛﻢ زاد ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬2013-1990 ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮأة اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
(A) by about 4 years
(B) by about 6 years
(C) by about 7 years
(D) by about 9 years

Passage 8 European Heat Wave

(1) Another deadly heat wave has arrived in Europe this week. Record temperatures
went over 37.8 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit) in parts of France, (Germany,
Poland and Spain, with hotter days to come. The same thing happened in 2018 when
record-breaking heat was responsible for 700 deaths in Sweden and more than 250 in
Denmark, countries that have never needed air conditioning before this new era of
extreme climate change events.
(2) Europe's five hottest summers in the past 500 years have all occurred in the last 15
years, not including this summer. All have been deadly. The 2003 heat wave was the

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worst, having led to the deaths of over 70.000 people; in 2010, 56,000 people died in
Russia alone.
(3) These extreme heat events are all connected to a slower jet stream that locks
weather systems into place. Studies have linked the slowdown in the jet stream-the
band of high-altitude winds that sweep around the globe from west to east to last
summer's unprecedented droughts, heat waves, wildfires, and flooding events across
the entire Northern Hemisphere. This is also likely to be behind India's weak monsoon
rains and the widespread flooding in certain areas of the U.S. this year.
(4) The loss of sea ice in the Arctic is increasing temperatures in the northern regions of our
planet, and that is disrupting the natural jet stream patterns. Jet stream winds are driven by
the temperature difference between the icy air of the arctic and hot air from the tropics. A
rapidly warming arctic-this past winter it saw its lowest ever ice cover-reduces that
temperature difference and slows the jet stream.
(5) Like a slow-moving river, a slower jet stream forms deep curves and turns, which can
slow down during the summer. sometimes for weeks. Weather patterns are also
delayed with them, whether they are heat waves or expected rains.
(6) Temperatures in Europe are nowhere near as hot as India's current month-long heat
wave, where temperatures on the Asian subcontinent reached 51°C (123° F). Most
Europeans, particularly in the north. are unused to anything over 29°C (85° F). Air
conditioning also remains rare in Europe. It is found in less than five percent of homes
in France. For example, and less than two percent of German homes. As a result, the
struggles of temperatures reaching 40°C in June will seriously test the abilities of
Europeans to deal with the hotter years ahead.
(7) The number of heat wave days in European cities are nearly double those of the
surrounding suburban and rural landscape because of the urban heat island effect.
Concrete and asphalt absorb heat during the day and release it at night, which keeps
urban areas hotter. Without major cuts in carbon emissions, which are released into the
air when we burn fossil fuels, scientists argue that the number of heat wave days in
cities are likely to increase 10 times by the end of this country.
(8) European governments and citizens are debating what to do about the increasing
heat. Some would argue that people should just buy air conditioners to keep their
homes cool. However, air conditioning increases energy use, which will in turn increase
carbon emissions across European countries. Both governments and citizens are wary
of increasing carbon emissions because it would lock them in a cycle that would
increase the negative effects of climate change. Now these European countries face a
dilemma. Although the majority of citizens in Europe want more government action to
reduce carbon emissions, as the temperatures continue to increase, the demand for air
conditioning units will also continue to rise.
(9) Europe learned valuable lessons from the 2003 heat wave, which killed more than
70.000 people across the continent. Governments have taken several actions to ensure
that death tolls would be more limited during this heat wave. For example, Paris, which
experienced many deaths in 2003, is much better prepared this time around.
Government officials have emergency services in place and there has been a strong

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campaign to raise awareness of the dangers of the heat wave around the city. Some
schools in France have also closed since most of them do not have air conditioners. The
local governments have also set up cooling areas and temporary water fountains in
busy city areas.
(10) Paris has relatively little green space and has been working for years on how to
“green up" and introduce more plants in order to counter the heat held by stone and
concrete. Paris officials also plan to keep 13 large parks open all night during the
anticipated heat wave because the temperature there would be one or two degrees
lower than in the rest of the city. There are also plans to keep public swimming pools
open later to encourage people to swim at night in order to cool down from the heat.
In Paris, older cars have also banned from use city to reduce the city's air pollution.
Which increases during a heat wave.
45. What two things are needed to have jet stream winds?
(A) Monsoon rains and icy arctic air
(B) Hot air from the tropics and the summer
(C) Icy arctic air and hot air from the tropics
(D) Monsoon rains and hot air from the tropics
46. What two things could increase heat waves in European cities?
(A) Wildfires and pollution
(B) Drought and low usage of air conditioning
(C) Widespread flooding and carbon emissions
(D) The urban heat island effect and more usage of air conditioning
47. What are two ways Paris is lighting the heat wave?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﺗ��ء ﺑﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎرﻳﺲ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮ؟‬
(A) Banning older cars in the city and using more air conditioning
(B) Reducing carbon emissions and using plants to make more green space
(C) Keeping public swimming pools open later and reducing carbon emissions
(D) Using plants to make more green space and keeping public parks open all night

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Passage 9
Social Network’s Share of Time
Share of Combined Minutes for 4 Major Social Networking

48. What percentage of social media minutes did Indians spend using Snapchat?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ا��ﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﻮد ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﻨﺎب‬
‫ﺷﺎت؟‬
(A) 100%
(B) 20%
(C) 2%
(D) 0%
Passage 10 Aggression in Children
(1) Most parents do not enjoy watching their children misbehave. Bad behavior by
children often results in bad behavior by parents. The first idea that has to go is that
poor parenting is what makes children misbehave or behave badly. The cause of the
child's behavior may lie in psychological problems; it may even lie in the biology of the
child. Whatever the reason, the important issue is how parents respond when children
act out.
(2) Aggressive behavior starts early in children's lives. A study looked at children 6 to 24
months of age. Mothers reported how often their children acted out, or displayed poor
behavior. They cited kicking, hitting, pulling hair, biting and even hurting animals. The
most common actions were hitting or smacking another person. The least common
action was hurting animals. Hitting someone peaked at 18 months when eight of 10 kids
were hitting and smacking other people. Kicking, pushing and throwing things peaked
at 20 months. The “terrible twos" started before the age two.

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(3) Pediatricians can assure parents that these behaviors are normal in small children.
The big job is to guide parents on how to deal with their children when they behave
this way. From the start, parents should set limits. They need to respond in ways that
may help redirect or distract a child. This would help a child go from misbehaving to a
more positive behavior. Pediatricians believe these approaches work. It seems certain
that positive responses such as these are better than anger or punishment.
(4) The frequency, intensity, and length of the bad behavior are also important. There
are some questions that parents must also consider. Does the child have any issues that
he or she is dealing with? Does the child have friends? Some children may show signs
of depression when they have had a negative experience. The answers to these
questions may explain why the child is acting out.
(5) Parents often use their instincts in dealing with their children without considering
what is causing the misbehavior. They may respond with anger, threats. and
punishment. A better way is to plan in order to avoid potential conflicts. For example, if
getting ready for school is a problem, parents can come up with ways to make it easier.
This would help them to avoid potential problems before they start.
49. What word other than "misbehave" does the writer use for aggressive behavior?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ا��ﺧﺮى ﻏﻴﺮ "ﻳ��ء اﻟﺘ��ف" اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻌﺪواﻧﻲ؟‬
(A) act out
(B) avoid
(C) distract
(D) deal with
50. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
(A) Poor parenting is the cause of children’s misbehavior.
(B) Aggressive behavior is normal in young children.
(C) Parents often deal with children's bad behavior well.
(D) Hunting animals is the most common aggressive behavior among children.
51. How is the writer’s view about children’s bad behavior different from the parents’
view? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل ﺳﻠﻮك ا��ﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﺊ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ؟‬
(A) The writer believes that parents should plan to avoid bad behavior.
(B) The writer believes that parents should use their instincts to deal with bad behavior
(C) The writer believes that parents should respond to bad behavior with threats and
punishment.
(D) The writer believes that parents should ignore bad behavior
52. What can we understand about parents from Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Parents understand that children's bad behavior is normal.
(B) Parents avoid being angry with or yelling at children.
(C) Parents reward bad behavior.
(D) Parents fail to deal with children's bad behavior appropriately.
53. What can we understand about parents in Paragraph (5)?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬

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(A) Parents fail to prevent children's bad behavior.

(B) Parents blame their children's friends for bad behavior.
(C) Parents consider the causes of children's bad behavior.
(D) Parents think schools should deal with children's bad behavior.

Passage 11
Passage A: Human Anatomy
(1) Human Anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. It is significant so we
know how the structure or organs are supposed to work correctly. Some of those
structures are very small and can only be observed and analyzed with this assistance of
a microscope. Other larger structures can readily be seen manipulated, measured, and
weighed the word "anatomy" comes from a Greek root cut means “to cut apart."
Human anatomy was first studied by observing the exterior of the body and observing
the wounds of soldiers and other injuries. Later, physicians were allowed to dissect, or
cut open. bodies of the dead to increase their knowledge.
(2) When a body is dissected, its structures are cut apart in order to observe their
physical attributes and their relationships to one another. Dissection is still used in
medical schools, anatomy courses, and in pathology labs. In order to observe structures
in living people. however, a number of imaging techniques have been developed.
These techniques allow clinicians to see structures inside the living body such as a
cancer or a fractured bone.
(3) Like most scientific disciplines, anatomy has areas of specialization. Gross anatomy is
the study of die larger structures of the body, those visible without the aid of
magnification. Macro- means "large, thus: gross anatomy is also referred to as
macroscopic anatomy. In contrast, micro- means "small" and microscopic anatomy is
the study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other
magnification devices.
Passage B: Human Physiology

(1) Whereas anatomy is about structure, physiology is about function. Human

physiology is the scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the
body and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life. It
began in France over 200 years ago with a scientist named Claude Bernard. Much of
the study of physiology centers on the body's tendency toward homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things. The
study of physiology certainly includes observation, both with the naked eye and with
microscopes, as well as manipulations and measurements. However, current advances
in physiology usually depend on carefully designed laboratory experiments that reveal
the functions of the many structures and chemical compounds that make up the
human body and establish the foundation upon which we build our knowledge of how
to treat disease.
(2) Like anatomists, physiologists typically specialize in a particular branch of
physiology. For example, neurophysiology is the study of tic brain, spinal cord. and

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nerves and how this work together to perform functions as complex and diverse as
vision, movement, and thinking. Physiologists may work from the organ level
(exploring, for example, what different parts of the brain do) to the molecular level
(such as exploring how an electrochemical signal travel along nerves).
(3) Form is closely related to function in all living things. For example, the thin flap of
your eyelid can snap down to clear away dust particles and almost instantaneously slide
back up to allow you to see again. At the microscopic level, the arrangement and
function of the nerves and muscles that serve the eyelid allow for its quick action and
retreat.
54. Which of the following best summarize anatomy and physiology from passage. A
and B? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻠﺨﺺ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘ��ﻳﺢ وﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ا��ﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ "أ" و‬
‫"ب"؟‬
(A)Anatomy involves, cutting open bodies while physiology uses lab experiments.
(B) Anatomy is helpful for soldiers, while physiology is helpful for everyone.
(C) The both involve the study of neurophysiology.
(D) They both rely on cutting open bodies.
55. What can be understood from the passage about the early period of anatomy and
physiology? ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘ��ﻳﺢ وﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬
‫ا��ﻋﻀﺎء؟‬
(A) Anatomy and physiology; both began 200 years ago.
(B) Physiology began in France while anatomy began in Greece.
(c) Physiology began over 200 years ago while anatomy began with observing
wounded soldiers.
(D) Anatomy was developed by Andreas Vesalius while Physiology was developed by
Claude Bernard.
56. According to Passages A and B, it is important to know about anatomy and
physiology ……… ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘ��ﻳﺢ وﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ا��ﻋﻀﺎء‬،"‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب‬
(A) to be able to treat disease
(B) to be able to see cancer and find a cue
(C)To know how organs work and to treat disease
(D) to become a physiologist and a successful doctor
57. What do Passages A and B say about the study of anatomy and physiology?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ دراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺘ��ﻳﺢ وﻋﻠﻢ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ا��ﻋﻀﺎء؟‬
(A) Both mean to 'cut apart'.
(B) Both involve the use of microscopes.
(C) Both are about the body's structures.
(D) both are taught at medical schools and high schools.

Passage 12 Bees
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38) and that
they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and work together to
produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more than 1,400 years afterwards,
has accepted that this information is indeed correct. Now, scientists in the United

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Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures may also have feelings and
emotions similar to those of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent
years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many
explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease
and pesticides. Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate,
this is a very serious situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of
the world's crops depend on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do
they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells.
After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they
were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet
prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees
would do if they were put in a stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make
them think they were in danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for
new smells, and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste good, it
seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These bees had become
“pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much more likely to try tastes from
new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious worried or depressed, they have lower levels of
the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings
of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This
knowledge, along with further investigations into bee behavior and "feelings" can
hopefully be used to understand and remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and
for ours.
58. The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59. Why are bees important to humans? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺒ��؟‬
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.
60. Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

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Model 29
Passage 1
Purity
(1) Government legislation requires that a lot of testing takes place before a new
pharmaceutical is marketed.
(2) Throughout the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries it is essential that the
substances used be pure. The purity of a substance can be gauged by:
1. Its melting point - if it is a pure solid it will have a sharp melting point. If an impurity
is present then melting takes place over a range of temperatures.
2. Its boiling point - if it is a pure liquid the temperature will remain steady at its boiling
point. If the substance is impure then the mixture will boil over a temperature range.
3. Chromatography - if it is a pure substance, it will produce only one well-defined
spot on a chromatogram. If impurities are present then several spots will be seen on
the chromatogram.
21. The word legislation in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………
........... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗ��ﻳﻊ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) announcement
(B) law
(C) ban
(D) bureaucracy
22. The word Impure in the passage is closest in meaning to ………..
.............. ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻘﻲ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) dirty
(B) clean
(C) neutral
(D) tested
Passage 2
Company Stock
(1) There are three types of stock that a business can hold: stocks of raw materials
(inputs brought from suppliers waiting to be used in the production process), work in
progress (incomplete products still in the process of being made) and stocks of finished
products (finished goods of acceptable quality waiting to be sold to customers).
(2) The aim of stock control is to minimize the cost of holding these stocks whilst
ensuring that there are enough materials for production to continue and be able to
meet customer demand. Obtaining the correct balance is not easy and the stock
control department will work closely with the purchasing and marketing departments.
(3) The marketing department should be able to provide sales forecasts for the coming
weeks or months (this can be difficult if demand is seasonal or prone to unexpected
fluctuation) and so allow stock control managers to judge the type, quantity and timing
of stocks needed.

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(4) It is the purchasing department's responsibility to order the correct quantity and
quality of these inputs, at a competitive price and from a reliable supplier who will
deliver on time.
(5) As it is difficult to ensure that a business has exactly the correct amount of stock at
any one time, the majority of firms will hold buffer stock. This is the "safe" amount of
stock that needs to be held to cover unforeseen circumstances.
23. What is the writer's main purpose? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺮض اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) to explain
(B) to describe
(C) to convince
(D) to entertain
24. What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) The stock control department often holds buffer stocks.
(B) Managers of the stock control departments need to be well-trained.
(C) The stock control department works closely with the marketing department.
(D) The stock control department aims to achieve the correct balance of stocks.

Passage 3
Separating Mixtures
(1) Many mixtures contain useful substances mixed with unwanted material. In order to
obtain these useful substances, chemists often have to separate them from the
impurities. Chemists have developed many different methods of separation.
Filtering
(2) When a cup of tea is poured through a tea strainer, this is a filtering process.
Filtration is a common separation technique used in chemistry laboratories throughout
the world. It is used when a solid needs to be separated from a liquid. For example,
sand can be separated from a mixture with water by filtering through filter paper. The
filter paper contains holes that are large enough to allow the molecules of water
through but not the sand particles. The sand gets trapped in the filter paper and the
water passes through it.
Decanting
(3) Vegetables do not dissolve in water. When you have boiled some vegetables, it is
easy to separate them from the water by pouring it off. This process is called decanting.
This technique is used quite often to separate an insoluble solid (a solid that doesn't
dissolve) from a liquid.
Centrifuging
(4) Another way to separate a solid from a liquid is to use a centrifuge. It is usually
used when the solid particles are so small that they spread out throughout the liquid
and remain mixed. They do not settle to the bottom of the container, as heavier
particles would do, under the force of gravity. The technique of centrifuging involves

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the liquid being spun round very fast in a centrifuge so that the solid gets flung to the
bottom of the tube.
25. What does the writer think about the process of separating mixtures?
‫ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺨ��ﺋﻂ؟‬
(A) He thinks it's a new technique that needs to be developed.
(B) He thinks it's an ancient process that is useful in cooking.
(C) He thinks it's important because it helps to take out the substances that have
benefits.
(D) He thinks it's important because it keeps impurities from creating new diseases.
26. What does Paragraph (2) say about filtering? ‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺔ؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It is usually used in making coffee.
(B) It only works if the filter paper has a special number of holes.
(C) It is a process that only works when separating sand from a mixture.
(D) It works best, when the filter paper is able to stop the solid from passing.
27. Which words can we use to replace the words “for example” in Paragraph (2)?
(A) of course
(B) above all
(C) for instance
(D) at the same time
28. Why does the writer use the word "so" at the end of Paragraph (4)?
(A) to give more information about centrifuging.
(B) to show that centrifuging is different from decanting.
(C) to show that centrifuging is the longest process for separating the tiny solid
particles from a liquid.
(D) to show that the process of spinning the liquid around quickly in centrifuging
causes the tiny solid particles to become separated.
29. How does centrifuging solve the problem of separating very small solids from a
liquid? ‫ﺟﺪا ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ؟‬ ً ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺤﻞ اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬
(A) It moves the liquid around very quickly to get the solids to stay at the bottom.
(B) It uses a special heating technique that is only available in some laboratories.
(C) It uses boiling to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
(D) It uses a filter to separate solids, like sand, from a liquid.

Passage 4
Agriculture in the Middle East
(1) From the 8th century, the medieval Islamic world underwent a transformation in
agricultural practice, described by the historian Andrew Watson as the Arab agricultural
revolution. This transformation was driven by a number of factors including the
diffusion of many crops and plants along Muslim trade routes, the spread of more
advanced farming techniques, and an agricultural-economic system which promoted
increased yields and efficiency. The shift in agricultural practice changed the economy,
population distribution, vegetation cover, agricultural production, population levels,

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31. How many gallons of coffee did people drink in 1950?

‫؟‬1950 ‫ﺟﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻬﻮة ��ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﺎم‬
ً ‫ﻛﻢ‬
(A) around 50
(B) around 40
(C) around 30
(D) around 20
32. In what year was coffee drinking the lowest in the U.S?
‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻋﺎم ﻛﺎن ��ب اﻟﻘﻬﻮة ﻫﻮ ا��دﻧﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮ��ﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة؟‬
(A) 1945
(B) 1960
(C) 1995
(D) 2000

Passage 6

33. In which year is the percentage change the lowest?

‫ﻓﻲ أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻫﻲ ا��دﻧﻰ؟‬
(A) 2013
(B) 2014
(C) 2019
(D) 2020

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Passage 7
Stages of Economic Activity
(1) There are three main stages of economic activity. These stages are typical of nearly
all production and they are called the levels of economic — or business activity:
(2) Stage 1 is called the primary stage of production. This stage involves the earth's
natural resources. Activities in the primary sector of industry include farming, fishing,
forestry and the extraction of natural materials, such as oil and copper ore.
(3) Stage 2 is called the secondary stage of production. This stage involves taking the
materials and resources provided by the primary sector and converting them into
manufactured or processed goods. Activities in the secondary sector of industry include
building and construction car manufacturing and computer assembly.
(4) Stage 3 is called the tertiary stage of production. This stage involves providing
services to both consumers and other businesses. Activities in the tertiary sector of
industry include transport, banking, retail, insurance, hotels and hairdressing.
(5) In some countries, primary industries such as mining employ many more people
than manufacturing or service industries. These tend to be countries —often called
developing countries — where manufacturing industry has only recently been
established. As most people still live in the rural areas with low incomes, there is little
demand for services such as transport, hotels and insurance. The levels of both
employment and output in the primary sector in these countries are likely to be high. In
countries which started up manufacturing industries many years ago, the secondary
and tertiary sectors are likely to employ many more workers than the primary sector.
The level of output in the primary sector is often small compared to the other two
sectors.
34. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) Production is the first stage.
(B) Employment is highest in stage two.
(C) Economic activity occurs in three stages.
(D) The level of output is highest in stage three.
35. What is one important idea related to the secondary stage of production in
Paragraph (3)? ‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻟ��ﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) elementary
(B) primary
(C) secondary
(D) tertiary
36. Which stage of production are hotels an example of?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ا��ﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق ﻣﺜﺎ��ً ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؟‬
(A) elementary
(B) primary
(C) secondary
(D) tertiary

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37. What is one important idea related to jobs in developing countries in Paragraph
(5)? ‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) They are equal in all stages. Most are in stage 1.
(B) Most are in stage 1.
(C) Most are in stage 2.
(D) Most are in stage 3.
Passage 8
The Demographic Transition
(1) Human societies had equally high birthrates and death rates during most of history.
But over the past century, population growth in the United States, Japan, and much of
Europe slowed dramatically. Demographers developed a hypothesis to explain this shift.
According to this hypothesis, these countries have completed the demographic
transition, a dramatic change from high birthrates and death rates to low birthrates and
death rates. The demographic transition is divided into three stages.
(2) To date, the United States, Japan and Europe have completed the demographic
transition. Parts of South America, Africa, and Asia, are passing through stage II. (The
United States passed through stage II Between 1790 and 1910.) A large part of human
population growth is happening in only ten countries, with India and China in the lead.
Globally, human population is still growing rapidly, but the rate of growth is slowing
down.
Future Population Growth
(3) To predict how the world's population will grow, demographers consider many
factors, including the age structure of each country and the effects of diseases on death
rates, especially in Africa and parts of Asia. Current projections suggest that by 2050 the
world population will reach 9 billion people. Will the human population level out and
become stable? This may happen if countries that are currently growing rapidly
complete the demographic transition.
(4) Current data suggest that global human population will grow more slowly over the
next 50 years than it grew over the last 50 years. But because the growth rate will still
be higher than zero in 2050, our population will continue to grow.
38. The word shift in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………
..........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﺤﻮل" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) plan
(B) result
(C) change
(D) accident
39. The word rates in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………………
.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﻌﺪ��ت" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) calendars
(B) amounts
(C) wholes
(D) tables
40. What will lead countries to have a stable population growth?

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‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺳﻴﻘﻮد اﻟﺒﻠﺪان إﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ؟‬

(A) decreasing birth rates only
(B) passing birth control laws
(C) finding the right hypothesis
(D) completing the demographic transition
41. Why will the population continue to grow in 2050?
‫؟‬2050 ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬
(A) because there will be fewer diseases
(B) because there will be more growth in China
(C) because the death rate will be less than zero
(D) because the growth rate will be more than zero

Passage 9
Psychoanalysis
What are the aims and methods of psychoanalysis?
(1) Although most of today's therapists do not practice therapy as Sigmund Freud did,
his psychoanalytic techniques survive. Psychoanalysis is part of our modern vocabulary,
and its assumptions influence many other therapies.
Aims
(2) Psychoanalysis assumes that many psychological problems are fueled by
childhood's residue of supposedly repressed impulses and conflicts. Psychoanalysts try
to bring these repressed feelings into conscious awareness, where the patient can deal
with them. By gaining insight into the origins of the disorder - by fulfilling the ancient
imperative to know thyself" in a deep way - the patient "works through" the buried
feelings. The theory presumes that healthier, less anxious living becomes possible when
patients release the energy they had previously devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts.
Methods
(3) Psychoanalysis is historical reconstruction. Its goal is to unearth the past in hope of
unmasking the present. But how?
(4) When Freud discarded hypnosis as unreliable, he turned to free association. Imagine
yourself as a patient using the free association technique. The analyst invites you to
relax, perhaps by lying on a couch. He or she will probably sit out of your line of vision,
helping you focus attention on your internal thoughts and feelings. Beginning with a
childhood memory, a dream, or a recent experience, you say aloud whatever comes to
your mind from moment to moment. It sounds easy, but soon you notice how often
you edit your thoughts as you speak, omitting material that seems trivial, irrelevant, or
shameful. Even in the safe presence of the analyst, you may pause momentarily before
uttering an embarrassing thought. You may make a joking remark or change the
subject to something less threatening. Sometimes your mind may go blank or you may
find yourself unable to remember important details.
(5) To the psychoanalyst, these blocks in the flow of your free associations indicate
resistance. They hint that anxiety lurks and that you are repressing sensitive material.
The analyst will want to explore these sensitive areas by making you aware of your

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resistances and by interpreting their underlying meaning. The analyst's interpretations -

suggestions of underlying wishes, feelings, and conflicts - aim to provide people with
insight. If offered at the right moment, the analyst's interpretation - of, say, your not
wanting to talk about your mother - may illuminate what you are avoiding. You may
then discover what your resistances mean and how they fit with other pieces of your
psychological puzzle.
(6) Freud believed that another clue to repressed impulses is your dreams' hidden
content. Thus, after inviting you to report a dream, the analyst may offer a dream
analysis, suggesting its hidden meaning.
(7) During many such sessions you will probably disclose more of yourself to your
analyst than you have ever revealed to anyone. Because psychoanalytic theory
emphasizes the formative power of childhood experiences, much of what you reveal
will pertain to your earliest memories. You will also probably find yourself experiencing
strong positive or negative feelings for your analyst. Such feelings may express the
dependency or mingled love and anger that you earlier experienced toward family
members or other important people in your life. When this happens, Freud would say
you are actually transferring your strongest feelings from those other relationships to
the analyst. Analysts and other therapists believe that this transference exposes long-
repressed feelings, giving you a belated chance to work through them with your
analyst's help. By examining your feelings toward the analyst, you may also gain insight
into your current relationships.
(8) Note how much of psychoanalysis is built on the assumption that repressed
memories exist. That assumption is now questioned. This challenge to an assumption
that is basic to so much of professional and popular psychology is provoking intense
debate.
(9) Critics also say that psychoanalysts' interpretations are hard to refute. If, in response
to the analyst's suggested interpretation, you say, "Yes! I see now", your acceptance
confirms the analyst's interpretation If you emphatically say, "No! That doesn't ring
true," your denial may be taken to reveal more resistance, which would also confirm the
interpretation Psychoanalysts acknowledge that it's hard to prove or disprove their
interpretations. But they insist that interpretations often are a great help to patients.
(10) Traditional psychoanalysis is slow and expensive. It requires up to several years of
several sessions a week with a highly trained and well-paid analyst. (Three times a week
for just two years at $100 or more per hour comes to about $30,000.) Only those with a
high income can afford such treatment.
(11) Although there are relatively few traditional psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic
assumptions influence many therapists, especially those who make psychodynamic
assumptions. Psychodynamic therapists try to understand patients' current symptoms
by exploring their childhood experiences, They probe for supposed repressed,
emotion-laden information. They seek to help people gain insight into the unconscious
roots of problems and work through newly resurrected feelings. Although influenced by
Frend’s psychoanalysis, these therapists may talk to people face to face (rather than out

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of the line of vision), once a week (rather than several times weekly), and for only a few
weeks or months (rather than several years).
42. What two things can psychoanalysis begin with? ‫ﺑﺄي ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔ�� ؟‬
(A) an embarrassing thought or joke
(B) an embarrassing thought or dream
(C) a childhood memory or joke
(D) a childhood memory or dream
43. What are two characteristics of traditional psychoanalysis?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺳﻤﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔ�� اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي؟‬
(A) slow and shameful OB
(B) slow and expensive
(C) shameful and trivial
(D) trivial and expensive

Passage 10
Nano wood
(1) Expanded polystyrene (or “Styrofoam") is an excellent insulator. That's why it's a
popular material for insulating buildings—and why those cheap little cups of deli coffee
still burn your tongue after 30 minutes. But its environmental record leaves something
to be desired. It's non-biodegradable, harmful to animals who accidentally eat it and
made from potential carcinogens or cancer-causing chemicals.
(2) Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed a super-lightweight
insulating material they say could prove to be a better, more eco-friendly alternative.
The material, made from tiny wood fibers, is called Nano wood. It blocks heat at least 10
degrees better than Styrofoam or silica aerogel, a common insulator, and it can take a
least 30 times more pressure than 45n crushed.
(3) Working in the lab of materials scientist Liang Bing Hu. postdoctoral researcher Tain
Li is the lead author on the study, published in the journal science Advances.
(4) Hu and his team had been working on Nano cellulose, the Nano-sized version of
the fibrous material that makes plants and trees rigid. Nano cellulose has an impressive
strength-to-weight ratio, about eight times greater than of steel.
(5) For the Nano wood, the them removed the lignin, the polymer that holds the cells of
wood together Removing the lignin, a heat conductor. gave the resulting product
powerful capabilities. It also turned the product white which means it reflects light. The
think Nano wood has enormous potentials as a green, material. Using it could
potentially «save billion» in energy costs says Li.
44. What is one negative effect of Styrofoam? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ ا��ﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺘﺎﻳﺮوﻓﻮم؟‬
(A) It has chemicals that may lead to cancer.
(B) It blocks a great amount of heat.
(C) Animals are unable to eat it.
(D) It is weaker than steel.

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45. The word alternative in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ……

.......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﺪﻳﻞ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) ingredient
(B) material
(C) option
(D) connection
46. The word Impressive in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to …………..
.........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣﺜﻴﺮ ﻟ��ﻋﺠﺎب" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) unknown
(B) extraordinary
(C) huge
(D) powerful
47. What happens when lignin is removed from Nano wood?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ؟‬
(A) Nano wood can hold greater pressure.
(B) Nano wood becomes stronger than steel.
(C) Nano wood is used as eco-friendly building material.
(D) Nano wood's ability to hold heat is greatly increased

Passage 11
Global Millionaires

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48. How many millionaires did Australia lose between 2015 and 2016?
‫؟‬2016‫ و‬2015 ‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻤ��ﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺧ��ﺗﻬﻢ أﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻲ‬
(A) 10,000
(B) 11,000
(C) 12,000
(D) 13,000
Passage 12
Statistics
(1) In statistics, we generally want to study a population. You can think of a population
as a collection of persons, things, or objects under study. To study the population, we
select a sample. The idea of sampling is to select a portion of the larger population and
study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population.
(2) Data are the result of sampling from a population. Because it takes a lot of time and
money to examine an entire population, sampling is a very practical technique. If you
wished to calculate the overall grade point average at your school, it would make sense
to select a sample of students who attend the school. The data collected from the
sample would be the students' grade point averages. In presidential elections, opinion
poll samples of 1,000 to 2,000 people are taken. The opinion poll is supposed to
represent the views of the people in the entire country. Manufacturers of canned
carbonated drinks take samples to determine if a 16-ounce can contain 16 ounces of
carbonated drink. From the sample data, we can calculate a statistic. A statistic is a
number that represents a property of the sample.
(3) One of the main concerns in the field of statistics is how accurately a statistic
estimates a parameter. The accuracy really depends on how well the sample represents
the population. The sample must contain the characteristics of the population in order
to be a representative sample.
49. How can statistics be more accurate? ‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ا��ﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ دﻗﺔ؟‬
(A) by using a lot of time and money.
(B) by finding the overall average
(C) by asking people's opinions.
(D) by using the right sample.
50. Why does the writer use the word If in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2)‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "إذا " ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A)To show that you would select a sample after finding the average.
(B)To show that you would select a sample instead of finding the average.
(C) To show that you would select a sample unless you want to find the average.
(D) To show that you would select a sample because you want to find the average.
51. What does the writer think the selected sample should do?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أن اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻔﻌﻞ؟‬
(A) closely represent the population
(B) be the main concern of statistics
(C) be a small section of the population

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(D) have more accuracy than an entire population

52. What does the passage say about statistics? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ا��ﺣﺼﺎء؟‬
(A) They help us know what the total population is.
(B) They only use a sample of the population.
(C) They accurately estimate a parameter.
(D)They help politicians win elections.

Passage 13
Structuralist Psychologists
(1) The earliest psychologists that we know about are the Greek philosophers Plato
(327-428 BC) and Aristotle (384-322 BC). These philosophers asked many of the same
questions that today's psychologists ask; for instance, they questioned the distinction
between nature and nurture and the existence of free will. In terms of the former, Plato
argued on the nature side, believing that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or
inborn, whereas Aristotle was more on the nurture side, believing that each child is
born as an “empty slate” (in Latin a tabula rasa) and that knowledge is primarily
acquired through learning and experience.
(2) European philosophers continued to ask these fundamental questions during the
Renaissance. For instance, the French philosopher René Descartes (1596-1650) also
considered the issue of free will, arguing in its favor and believing that the mind
controls the body through the pineal gland in the brain (an idea that made some sense
at this time but was later proved incorrect). Descartes also believed in the existence of
innate natural abilities. A scientist as well as a philosopher, Descartes dissected animals
and was among the first to understand that the nerves controlled the muscles.
He also addressed the relationship between mind the mental aspects of life) and body
(the physical aspects of life). Descartes believed in the principle of dualism that the
mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body. Other European
philosophers, including Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). Jolm Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-
Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). also weighed in on these issues. psychologist Wundt
(1832–1920), who developed a psychology laboratory in Leipzig Germany. and the
American psychologist William James (1842–1910), who founded a psychology
laboratory at Harvard University.
(3) Wundt's research in his Laboratory in Liepzig focused on the of consciousness Itself.
Wundt and his students believed that it was possible to analyze the basic elements of
the mind and to classify our conscious experiences scientifically. Wundt began the field
know as structuralism, a school of psychology whose goal was to Identify the basic
elements or «structures» of psychological experience. Its goal was to create a «periodic
table» of the «elements of sensations» similar to the periodic table of elements that had
recently created in chemistry.
(4) Structural used the method of introspection to attempt to create a map of the
elements of consciousness Introspection involves asking research participants to
describe exactly what they experience as they work on mental tasks. such as viewing
colors. reading a page in a book or performing a math problem.

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instance, that he saw some black and colored straight and curved marks on a white
background. In other studies, the structuralists used newly invented reaction time
instruments to systematically assess not only what the participants were thinking but
how long it took them to do so. Wundt discovered that it took people longer to report
what sound they had just heard that to simply respond that they had heard the sound.
These studies marked the first-time researchers realized that there is a difference
between the sensation of a stimulus and the perception of that stimulus, and the idea
of using reaction time to study mental events has now become a mainstay of cognitive
psychology.
(5) Perhaps the best known of the structurnlists was Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-
1927). Titchener was a student of Wundt who came to the United States in the late
1800s and founded a laboratory at Comell University. In his research using
introspection, Titchener and his students claimed to have identified more than 40,000
sensations, including those relating to vision, hearing, and taste.
(6) An important aspect of the structuralist approach was that it was rigorous and
scientific. The research marked the beginning of psychology as a science, because it
demonstrated that mental events could be quantified. But the fundamental problem
that these philosophers faced was that they had few methods for settling their claims.
Most philosophers didn't conduct any research on these questions. In part because
they didn't yet know how to do it, and in part because they weren't sure it was even.

53. What does Descartes' principle of duality deal with?

‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺒﺪأ دﻳﻜﺎرت ﻟ��زدواﺟﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) body and mind
(B) nerves and muscles
(C) humans and animals
(D) science and philosophy
54. What three examples did the structuralists use to explain introspection?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺜ��ﺛﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮﻳﻮن ﻟ��ح ا��ﺳﺘﺒﻄﺎن؟‬
(A) tasting some food, hearing a sound and performing a math problem.
(B) viewing colors, reading a book and performing a math problem.
(C) tasting some food, reading a book and drawing a picture.
(D) viewing colors, drawing a picture and hearing a sound.

Passage 14
Viruses
(1) Some illnesses are caused by bacteria. Bacteria are alive: They're very small — you
can't see them without a microscope — but they take in nutrients, reproduce and die.
Viruses can make copies of themselves only by hijacking the cells of the creatures they
infect. When the flu virus is outside of your body — lurking on a doorknob, for instance
— it's dead by any definition. But once inside your body, it shows many of the

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characteristics of life. Viruses might even be the descendants of living organisms that
shed seemingly necessary traits to live more efficiently with a little help from our cells).
(2) “Most viruses have molecules — genes and proteins —like us and other live beings.
However, they need another living being to make these proteins,” says Jordi Paps, an
evolutionary biologist at the University of Essex in England.
(3) Some researchers point out that many organisms —including such parasites as
tapeworms that can live in your gut — need hosts to feed them and help them
reproduce. Viruses aren't so different.
(4) However, others say that all organisms, parasites or not, can make proteins by
themselves, but viruses can't, so this is why they do not consider them alive, Paps says.
(5) Other scientists see it differently. “Viruses can be regarded similar to "seeds' of
plants”, says Gustavo.
55. What idea do the words “with a little help from our cells" repeat?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﺮرﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة "ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺧ��ﻳﺎﻧﺎ"؟‬
(A) Viruses need a host to live.
(B) Viruses can only infect humans.
(C) Viruses cooperate with living organisms.
(D) Viruses are the descendants of living organisms.
56. What can we understand from Paragraph (1) about viruses?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻴﺮوﺳﺎت؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) They are the same as bacteria.
(B) They can be seen with a microscope.
(C) They can be alive when they are outside of a host.
(D) They are only alive when they are inside of a host.
57. Which of the following is a fact? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
(A) All viruses can live outside of their hosts.
(B) All viruses have molecules and are alive.
(C) Viruses need hosts to live and reproduce.
(D) Viruses can make proteins by themselves.

Passage 15
Private Limited Companies
Passage A: Advantages of a private limited company
(1) Shares can be sold to a large number of people (in some countries there is a
maximum number). These can include friends and relatives - they cannot advertise the
shares for sale to the general public. The sale of shares could lead to much larger sums
of capital to invest in the business than original partners could manage to raise
themselves. The business could therefore expand more rapidly.
(2) All shareholders have limited liability. This is an important advantage. It means that if
the company failed with debts owing to creditors, the shareholders could not be forced
to sell their possessions to pay the debts. The shareholders could only lose their
original investment in the shares - their liability is limited to the original investment.
Shareholders in a company have less risk than sole traders and partners. Limited liability

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encourages people to buy shares, knowing that the amount they pay is the maximum
they could lose if the business is unsuccessful. It is important that the people and other
businesses that deal with a private limited company know that it is not a sole trader or
a partnership. Creditors, for example, need to be aware that if the business did fail, then
they could not take the owners to court to demand payment from their savings. For this
reason, all private limited company names must end with 'Limited', or 'Ltd' as an
abbreviation. In some countries, although not the UK, this title is amended to
'Proprietary Limited' or (Pty) Ltd'. There can be many shareholders, but they need
permission from other shareholders to sell their shares.

Passage B: Disadvantages of a private limited company

(1) There are significant legal matters which have to be dealt with before a company can
be formed. In particular, two important forms or documents have to be sent to the
Registrar of Companies.
(2) The Articles of Association - This contains the rules under which the company will be
managed - the rights and duties of all of the directors; rules concerning the election of
directors and the holding of official meetings; and the procedure to be followed for the
issuing of shares.
(3) The Memorandum of Association - This contains very important information about
the company and the directors. The official name and the address of the registered
offices of the company must be stated. The objectives of the company must be stated
as well as the number of shares to be bought by each of the directors.
(4) Both of these documents are intended to make sure that companies are correctly
run and to reassure shareholders about the purpose and structure of the company.
Once these documents have been received by the Registrar of Companies, then a
Certificate of Incorporation will be issued to allow the company to start trading.
(5) The shares in a private limited company cannot be sold or transferred to anyone
else without the agreement of the other shareholders. This rule can make some people
reluctant to invest in such a company because they may not be able to sell their shares
quickly if they require their investment back.
(6) The accounts of a company are less secret than for either a sole trader or a
partnership. Each year the latest accounts must be sent to the Registrar of Companies
and members of the public can inspect them. Owners have to be prepared to allow
more information about their business to be known to other people.
(7) Most importantly for rapidly expanding businesses, the company cannot offer its
shares to the general public. Therefore, it will not be possible to raise really large sums
of capital to invest back into the business.

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58. What do passages A and B say about a private limited company?

‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﺎن "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ اﻟ��ﻛﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة؟‬
(A) Its shareholders have low personal financial risk, but they must get permission to sell
their shares.
(B) Its shareholders can be a large number of people, but they must be friends and
relatives.
(C) It must write articles of association and publish names and addresses of all its
workers.
(D) It must use the word 'Limited' or 'Ltd' after its name and create a company logo.
59. What do passages A and B say about the shareholders of a private limited
company? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﺎن "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ��ﻛﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة؟‬
(A) They must also be directors of the company and go to official meetings.
(B) They have limited liability and so must sell their possessions if the company fails.
(C) There can be many shareholders, but they need permission from other shareholders
to sell their shares.
(D) They find it difficult to sell shares quickly because they need permission from the
Registrar of Companies.
60. What do passages A and B say about a private limited company obtaining capital
investment? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﺎن "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ��ﻛﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬
‫رأﺳﻤﺎﻟﻲ؟‬
(A) It can sell shares to the general public and expand more rapidly than a sole trader.
(B) It must become a (Pty) Ltd company if it needs really large sums for rapid expansion.
(C) It can raise more than a sole trader, but it is difficult to raise extremely large sums.
(D) It must offer new shares to family and friends before offering them to the general
public.

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Model 30
Passage 1 ‫ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows
us that indoor air pollution be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one
2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona,
USA. In today's society, most people spend up to 90% of their time inside buildings.
When there inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all the harmful elements
are kept inside. This condition is known “sick building syndrome” and is made worse
because we seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs.
21. How much of their time do most people spend these days?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻳﻘﻀﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻫﺬه ا��ﻳﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ؟‬
(A) 10%
(B) 24%
(C) 52%
(D) 90%
22. Why does bad air stay inside buildings? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺴﻴﺊ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ؟‬
(A) because the buildings are old.
(B) because the fresh air goes out.
(C) because people want to save energy costs.
(D) because people spend most of their time indoors.

Passage 2
(1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the
other. The word "matryoshka" literally "little matron", is a diminutive form of the Russian
female first name "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in 1890 by Vasily
Zvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally
the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
(2) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired by a doll from Honshu, the
main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing it as either a round,
hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.

23. The best title for this passage is ………… ....... ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ‬
(A) Arts and Crafts
(B) Children's Toys
(C) Modern Handicrafts
(D) Russian Wood figurines
24. According to Paragraph (2), the idea of nesting dolls most likely started in………
..............‫ ﺑﺪأت ﻓﻜﺮة دﻣﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺸﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ا��رﺟﺢ ﻓﻲ‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Russia
(B) Japan
(C) Paris
(D) America

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Passage 3
(1) One type of threat to the ecosystem is endangering an animal species through
overhunting, thus killing them faster than they can reproduce. Some species now are
endangered because of the large profits in the trade of luxury goods made from
materials they provide. For example, elephants are a prime source for ivory. The trade
in goods obtained by killing animals in danger of extinction is estimated at a minimum
of five billion dollars annually.
(2) There is an incredible link that exists between all living and nonliving things. Thus,
although at first it is surprising, the poisoning or deliberate extermination of animals
classified as pests or predators may endanger animals further down the food chain.
Likewise, bringing in animals not native to a local habitat may upset the ecosystem.
25. The pronoun they in Paragraph (1) refers to ……………
...........‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻮارد ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) profits
(B) luxury goods
(C) elephants
(D) animal species
26. According to Paragraph (2), killing harmful animals can ……………
...........‫ ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻀﺎرة ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ أن‬، (2) ‫وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) affect the food chain
(B) improve the conditions of life
(C) create more land for agriculture
(D) save domestic animals and humans

Passage 4
Plants that lack lignin (or have only small amounts of it) are called herbs. They can stay
upright because each of their cells is filled with water under pressure. This water
pressure or "turgor"-makes them rigid like a well-inflated football. But such plants wilt
when their water supply fails. Vascular plants with lignin, however, can survive dry
periods and can grow far bigger than any herb. Many herbs have some lignin that
toughens them here and there, yet they remain primarily herby. True wood requires
special architecture the lignin-toughened
cells are very well organized and arranged.

27. Herbs are plants that are …………….‫ا��ﻋﺸﺎب ﻫﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬

(A) bigger than vascular plants
(B) made largely of lignin
(C) special in architecture
(D) pressurized by water

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Passage 5
Matthew and I have been friends for many years. He’s a really good language learner.
He speaks nine languages and he can understand another ten without even living in
another country. So, I asked him for some ideas on learning foreign languages. Here
are some of them:
1. Think about why you want to learn a language. Maybe there is a book that you want
to read in another language.
2. Find a partner who you can practice the language with. For example, if you want to
learn Chinese, try to find a Chinese speaker.
3. If you can't find a partner, practice new words or phrases by speaking to yourself.
4. Have fun: make a short film with a friend, write a story, or gust talk to anybody about
anything.
5. Act like a child. I mean, learn the way children do. For example, don’t worry if other
people are watching you, and don't be afraid to make mistakes.
6. Listening to the sounds of things help you learn how to pronounce. this is a useful
way.
28. The ideas in the passage come from a person who ………………
..........‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
(A) teaches languages
(B) speaks many languages
(C) lives in a foreign country
(D) often travels to foreign countries
29. The pronoun them in the passage refers to ……………….
............ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ إﻟﻰ‬
(A) ideas
(B) friends
(C) countries
(D) languages
30. Why is it important to learn like children? ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ أن ﻧﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ا��ﻃﻔﺎل؟‬
(A) They DO NOT have to write stories.
(B) They learn to listen before they speak.
(C) They DO NOT worry about their mistakes.
(D) They like talking to anybody about anything.
31. The word pronounce in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………
............ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻄﻖ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) say
(B) write
(C) listen to
(D) remember

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Passage 6
"In his paper, Dr. Smith expressed the conservative attitude of some of the
Department's members towards the new program."

32. Some members have conservative ideas about ……………….

..............‫ﺑﻌﺾ ا��ﻋﻀﺎء ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ أﻓﻜﺎر ﻣﺘﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﺣﻮل‬
(A) the new program
(B) the Department
(C) a certain paper
(D) Dr. Smith
Passage 7
(1) Paul attended a weekend workshop on mindfulness training, and it had been great.
He felt he had really benefited from what he had learned. Mindfulness is basically a way
to discipline and control one's actions in such a way that they are always in line with
one's goals. The first thing he had learned was that for attentive mindfulness, a person's
goals in life must be clearly thought out and selected. Once that is done, the next step
is to keep all details on how we spend our energy in a state of conscious awareness.
The result is that we are always on target. The most insignificant detail then becomes
an effortless expenditure of energy that keeps us in line with our goals.
(2) As the weekend came to an end. Paul thanked those who had made presentations
and conducted the workshop. He also thanked the other participants who had shared
the weekend with him. He affirmed that he valuable lessons in maintaining who had
made presentations had indeed learned. He brought presents that would like his two
daughters. He and his wife had been searching for some special lamps for their
bedrooms, but hadn't been able to find what the girls wanted. In the big city he found
exactly what each of them had said they wanted, and on top of that, he knew his wife
would be more than pleased with the beautiful necklace and earrings he had
purchased.
(3) while he was driving home, suddenly, a shocking realization came to him an hour
after he had been on the road. His bag! He had left it behind at the hotel. On his way to
the car with the bag. he had decided to stop in the gift shop and pick up something to
eat in case he got hungry while driving. From the gift shop he went directly to his car
without the bag. There was nothing to do but turnaround and go back to the hotel to
get it. His four-hour drive would now be considerably longer than four.
33. According to Paragraph (1), Paul attended a workshop on ………….
..............‫ ﺣ�� ﺑﻮل ورﺷﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﻮل‬، (1) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) energy
(B) discipline
(C) lesson planning
(D) presentation skills
34. According to Paragraph (1), when was the workshop? ‫( ﻣﺘﻰ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬1) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫اﻟﻮرﺷﺔ؟‬

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(A) on a weekend
(B) before the end
(C) during the week
(D) at the end of a weekend
35. According to Paragraph (2), to whom did Paul express his appreciation for the
workshop? ‫ ﻟﻤﻦ أﻋﺮب ﺑﻮل ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮه ﻟﻮرﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) only the presenters
(B) only the businessmen
(C) some of his colleagues
(D) everyone who was present
36. According to Paragraph (2), Paul will use what he learned at the workshop to
control …………… ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻮل ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬، (2) ‫( وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬A) his
time at the office
(B) the maintenance of memory
(C) the different areas of his life
(D) all aspects of his employment
37. According to Paragraph (3), Paul felt excited when driving home because …………
..........‫ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﻮل ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎس ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻘﻮد ﺳﻴﺎرﺗﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬، ( 3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) he had gifts for the office
(B) he had two wonderful daughters
(C) his wife's gifts were so beautiful
(D) he wanted to share what he had learned
38. The word pleased in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………………
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻲ‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻣ��ور" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) good
(B) happy
(C) certain
(D) special
39. According to Paragraph (4), what makes Paul think he needs more time to master
what he learned at the workshop?
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺑﻮل ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ��ﺗﻘﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ‬، ( 4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬
(A) He forgot his bag.
(B) The gifts were in the bag.
(C) He stopped in the gift shop.
(D) The training time was too short.

Passage 8
(1) None of mankind's modern inventions have had more impact than fire, the wheel,
and writing. It is more accurate to think of these as ancient discoveries rather than
inventions. These three discoveries made a long time ago continue to make the
greatest impact on our world.

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(2) Early man observed fire as a natural and very frightening disaster that could destroy
his environment and all that was in it, including himself. Over time, he learned how to
tame it and use it for cooking and keeping himself warm in cold weather. Fire is now
used extensively, even in ways that are not so obvious. For example, fire is an operating
principle in all kinds of engines that have transformed modern life. Yet there remains a
dark side. Weapons of all kinds utilize fire to enhance their capacity to kill and destroy
on a scale previously unthinkable.
40. The word mankind in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………….
...........‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﻟﺠﻨﺲ اﻟﺒ��ي" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) male
(B) female
(C) living creature
(D) human being
41. According to Paragraph (1), the most important discoveries were made ………..
......... ‫( ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ اﻫﻢ ا��ﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت‬1) ‫ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) a long time ago
(B) by great progress
(C) a short time ago
(D) by modern man
42. The word myriad in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………….
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "�� ﺗﻌﺪ و�� ﺗﺤ��" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) multiple
(B) marginal
(C) invention
(D) discovery
43. The word tamed in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ……………..
......... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﺮوﻳﺾ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) controlled
(B) positioned
(C) displayed
(D) learned
44. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being destructive in this reading
passage? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻟﻢ ُﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﻣﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻫﺬا؟‬
(A) fire
(B) engines
(C) writing
(D) wheel

Passage 9
(1) If you've ever visited a farm, you may have tried drinking raw milk taken straight
from the cow. That's the way people used to drink milk traditionally, and fresh, raw milk
was once considered a very wholesome and healing food. However, with the increase
in the use of pasteurization and homogenization processes, milk has become less like

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the traditional raw milk that our ancestors used to drink. Furthermore, more and more
people are unable to drink the highly processed milk without problems.
(2) In pasteurization, milk is heated to a high temperature to kill potentially harmful
bacteria. Some scientists say that the protein structure of milk changes in this process
and many beneficial enzymes are destroyed. In homogenization, the fat molecules in
milk are broken down so that the cream does not separate in the milk. The smaller
molecules of fat may therefore he more
45. The pronoun That in Paragraph (1) refers to ………….
........... ‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ‬1) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) visiting a farm to drink raw milk
(B) using raw milk for healing purposes
(C) drinking raw milk just taken from a cow
(D) considering raw milk a wholesome food
46. According to Paragraph (2), why is milk pasteurized?
‫( ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ؟‬2) ‫ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) to better absorb fat molecules
(B) to destroy beneficial enzymes
(C) to make it safer for people to drink
(D) to alter the protein structure of milk
47. According to paragraph (2), why might homogenized milk be a health risk?
‫ﺧﻄﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ؟‬ ً ‫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻠﺒﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬، (2) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) The beneficial enzymes are destroyed.
(B) The cream does not separate in the milk.
(C) The milk is no longer drinkable for many people.
(D) The molecules of fat may enter the blood stream.

Passage 10

Some historians consider one man, an Italian pizzeria chef named Rafaelle Esposito, to
be the creator of modern pizzeria in 1889, he made a special pizza for Queen
Margherita with tomatoes, mozzarella cheese, and fresh basil (to represent the red,
white, and green colors of the Italian flag) that the queen highly enjoyed. That is how
the original and now world-renowned pizza Margherita was born and paved the way
for pizza to change from being a peasant’s food to a popular dish for everyone
throughout Italy and the rest of the world.

48. Why do some historians consider Rafaelle Esposito as the founder of modern pizza?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺆرﺧﻴﻦ راﻓﺎﻳﻴﻞ إﺳﺒﻮزﻳﺘﻮ ﻣﺆﺳﺲ اﻟﺒﻴﺘﺰا اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ؟‬
(A) The pizza he made was eaten by a Queen.
(B) The pizza he made used tomatoes from America.
(C) The pizza he made used the colors of the Italian flag.
(D) The pizza he made became a famous dish all over the world.

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49. Which of the following is NOT true about pizza Margherita?

‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﺘﺰا ﻣﺎرﻏﺮﻳﺘﺎ؟‬
(A) It is still considered a peasant's food today.
(B) It was first made by an Italian pizzeria chef.
(C) It is now a well-known dish around the world.
(D) It was designed especially for the queen of Italy.

Passage 11
In the recent past, a handful of colonial rulers allowed wealth to be accumulated in the
hands of a few. The great powers, in turn, enriched themselves lavishly at the expense
of the colonized peoples who were subjected to poverty, hardship and deprivation.
Because of these policies, poverty remained the lot of the majority. But now that
globalization has become the frame of reference, there is no justification for an ever-
smaller minority to become richer while the majority poor become even poorer. A
situation in which one segment of the global population lives in opulence while most of
the rest live in dire poverty is morally reprehensible. We can -- and in fact we must --
work to reduce the number of those who live in extreme poverty so that this will be a
better world for all.
50. The words great powers in the passage refer to …………………
(A) colonial rulers
(B) colonized peoples
(C) accumulated wealth
(D) global development
51. The frame of reference that can help solve poverty is …………..
(A) education
(B) technology
(C) globalization
(D) birth control
52. What is considered to be a moral evil?
(A) the role of knowledge and behavior
(B) the rift between the rich and the poor
(C) the high agenda of the wealthy countries
(D) the development of many global concerns

Passage 12
“When the well's dry, we know the worth of water.”
53. The passage is closest in meaning to ……………..
(A) Nothing lasts forever, but we DON'T normally think about that.
(B) We DON’T know how valuable something is until it is NOT available.
(C) It is a good idea to start a business storing water for the future.
(D) Water is especially important in desert areas.

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Passage 13
“Airplanes are not as dangerous as motorcycles.”
54. What does the passage imply?
(A) Airplanes are more dangerous than motorcycles.
(B) Airplanes are less dangerous than motorcycles.
(C) Motorcycles are as dangerous as airplanes.
(D) Motorcycles are NOT dangerous.

Passage 14
“Look at the photos. In pairs, ask and answer the questions.”
55. You can read this in a …….
(A) shop
(B) restaurant
(C) classroom
(D) bank
Passage 15
“Khalid says that sometimes he is ordered by the University to undertake certain duties
but is given insufficient funds to accomplish the task.”
56. Khalid says he is unsuccessful because he lacks ………………
............ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻳﻘﻮل إﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﺷﻞ ��ﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺮ ل‬
(A) time
(B) manpower
(C) money
(D) confidence
Passage 16
“Know something with certainty when we can define its something well.”
57. The word define in the passage is closest in meaning to ………………
(A) twist
(B) find
(C) distort
(D) explain

Passage 17
Today's World pages
Cover story 3-13
National news 14-24
Economy and business 25-31
World news 32-40
Entertainment 41-45
Sports 46-55
Editorial 56

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58. On which of the pages of Today's World would one probably find a list of the
current trading prices of stock?
(A) 3 - 13
(B) 14 - 24
(C) 25 - 31
(D) 41- 45
59. Which of the following pages would most likely contain a story about the
production of a new movie? ‫أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ا��رﺟﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﺔ ﺣﻮل إﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ؟‬
(A) 32
(B) 45
(C) 54
(D) 56
60. In which section would one find a statement of opinion by the publishers?
‫ﻓﻲ أي ﻗﺴﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺮء أن ﻳﺠﺪ ﺑﻴﺎن رأي ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﺎ��ﻳﻦ؟‬
(A) Cover Story
(B) Entertainment
(C) Editorial
(D) National New

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Model 31
Passage 1
My uncle Ahmad is a physician. He helps people when they are sick. When his patients
go to the office, he may ask them to breathe while he listens to their chest. Then he
listens to the sound of the air in their lungs. He may have to ask them many questions
and examine them to see what is making them sick. He helps people have better
health.
21. This passage is about a …….. ....... ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ‬
(A) university teacher
(B) medical doctor
(C) patient
(D) nurse
22. The word examine in the passage is closest in meaning to ……………… closely.
.‫ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮب‬........ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻓﺤﺺ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ‬
(A) talking
(B) looking
(C) listening
(D) questioning

Passage 2
Adam is not as tall as Eric. .‫آدم ﻟﻴﺲ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ إرﻳﻚ‬
23. The passage says that ……… ........ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﺗﻘﻮل أن‬
(A) Eric is taller
(B) Eric is shorter
(C) Adam is taller
(D) Adam and Eric are short

Passage 4
Volcanoes
(1) A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, hot gases and
melted rock from deep within Earth find their way up to the surface. This material may
flow slowly out of a fissure, or crack, in the ground, or it may explode suddenly into the
air Volcanic eruptions may be very destructive. But they also create new landforms.
There are more than 1.500 potentially active volcanoes in the world today.
(2) During a volcanic eruption, hot melted rock called magma escapes from a vent, or
opening in Earth's surface, or crust. Magma released from a volcano is known as lava.
Fresh lava ranges from 1.300 to 2.200 o F 700 to 1.200 o C) in temperature. Earth's crust
is made up of huge, rocky pieces called plates. The plates move slowly over the crust.
Most volcanoes lie along the boundaries between these plates.
(3) Some of the most violent eruptions take place where the edge of one plate is forced
beneath the edge of another. This forces magna to rise to the surface. Hot gases in the
magma make these volcanoes very explosive. Most volcanoes of this type are found

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around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This huge circle of volcanoes is known as the
Ring of Fire.
(4) Volcanoes also form in places where two plates slowly pull apart. Molten rock rises
between the plates as they move apart. It causes fissure eruptions, in which lava flows
out over the ground. This type of volcano is common along the Mid-Atlantic Ride, a
mountain chain under the Atlantic Ocean. Volcanoes in the northern part of this ridge
formed the island country of Iceland. A small member of volcanoes are not located
along the edges of places. They form at "hot spots” in Earth’s crust. At a hot spot,
molten rock rises from deep below the crust. The volcanoes of Hawaii are the best
examples of hot-spot volcanoes.
(5) The word volcano comes from the name of Vulcan. The ancient romans god of fire
and metalworking. The Roman believed that volcano eruptions resulted when Vulcan
made thunderbolts and weapons for the gods. Other cultures explained volcanoes as
ordinates of anger from a god goddess. pele was the name of the volcano goddess of
the native Hawaiians. Volcanoes have a long history of distinction. In ad 79, the
eruption of Mount volcanoes destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
(6) Two of the deadliest volcanic eruptions happened in 1815 and 1883 on islands in
what is now Indonesia. In 1815, Mount Tambora released so much ash into the air that it
blocked out large amount of sunlight. Temperatures around the world dropped for
months afterword, making 1816 a “year without summer”. in 1853 the volcano Krakatoa
exploded and collapsed triggering a colossal sea wave known as a tsunami. tens of
thousands of people were killed by these.
(7) On May 8, 1902, Mount Pelee erupted on the Caribbean Island of Martinique.
Although very little lava flowed, an unstoppable black cloud of hot gases and ash
engulfed the city of Saint-Pierre, killing almost all of its 30.000 people. The birth of a
volcano was witnessed between 1943 and 1952, when a smoking hole in a Mexican
farmer's cornfield erupted into a new mountain called Paricutin that eventually stood
1,400 feet (425 meters) above the level ground around it.
(8) Another notable event took place in 1963, when a new volcanic island called Sartsey
rose up from the Atlantic Ocean near Iceland. Within a few years it built up to an area
of 1 square mile (25 square kilometers), with a peak more than 560 feet (170 meters)
above sea level.
(9) The 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens, in the U.S. state of Washington, was one
of the biggest in North America. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, in the
Philippines, was the largest of the 1900s. These eruptions killed fewer people than
earlier volcanoes, but they still destroyed much property. Another volcano in Iceland
erupted in 2010 and caused major problems for travelers throughout the world. The
volcano produced a huge ash cloud that spread to the east. It caused many airports in
Europe to close because it was too dangerous for plans to fly through the ash.
25. Which year was called "the year without a summer"? ‫أي ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﻤﻴﺖ "ﺳﻨﺔ ﺑ�� ﺻﻴﻒ"؟‬
(A) 1815
(B) 1816
(C) 1825

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(D) 1883
26. Which Island was formed by volcanoes? ‫أي ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺮاﻛﻴﻦ؟‬
(A) Hawaii
(B) Ireland
(C) Iceland
(D) Indonesia
27. What is lava? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎﻧﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) ash
(B) gas
(C) magma
(D) dust
Passage 5
Advertising
(1) Whenever people give information to the public about an event, a product, or a
service, they are using advertising. A piece of advertising is called an advertisement, or
ad. Ads appear almost everywhere. They are found in newspapers and magazines. They
appear on television, radio, and the Internet. Ads are also posted as signs in all kinds of
public places.
(2) The goal of most advertising is to make the public want to buy whatever is being
advertised. People also use advertising to make the public form opinions about things.
For example, an ad could try to make the public believe that a company treats its
workers well.
(3) When advertisers want many people to see or hear their ads, they pay the media to
have the ads published or broadcast. Newspapers and magazines publish or print ads
between their articles. Television and radio network broadcast, or play ads during their
programs. Television and radio ads are also called commercials. Web sites, buses,
movie theaters, and many other places also display ads in exchange for money.
(4) Signs were the fast form of advertising. Even thousands of years ago people created
hand-lettered signs to advertise their goods and services. The invention of the printing
press in the 1400s expanded this type of advertising. Merchants could print dozens of
the same posters and fliers to advertise what they were selling. In the 1600s and 1700s
newspapers appeared in Europe. The Americas and Japan. Advertising then became
even more widespread.
28. What is one important idea related to advertisements that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (2)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎ��ﻋ��ﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫(؟‬2)
(A) that they are everywhere
(B) that they affect our views
(C) that they give information
(D) that they help businesses

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29. What is one important idea related to advertisements that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (1)? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎ��ﻋ��ﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
‫(؟‬1)
(A) that they existed thousands of years ago
(B) that they make us want to buy things
(C) that they may change our views
(D) that they are found in all places
30. What does the writer want to show when he mentions that an ad could make us
believe that company treats its workers well?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻇﻬﺎره ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ أن ا��ﻋ��ن ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ أن اﻟ��ﻛﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ؟‬
(A) that ads can benefit businesses
(B) that ads can convince us to buy
(C) that ads can shape our opinions
(D) that ads can give us information
31. What is the main topic of the passage?
(A) the goal of advertising
(B) the harms of advertising
(C) the history of advertising
(D) the importance of advertising

Passage 6
Recycling
(1) As minerals and other resources become scarcer, they also become more expensive.
It then pays to use them more than once. The recycling of materials may also reduce
the amount of energy used in manufacturing. In turn, this helps to conserve fuels and
reduce pollution.
(2) For example, producing aluminum alloys from scrap uses only 5% of the energy that
would be needed to make them from aluminum ores. In 2000, Europe recycled 64.396
of the aluminum in waste. Germany and Finland do really well, partly because they have
a deposit scheme on cans: they recycle between 95 and 96% of their aluminum waste.
(3) About 60% of the lead used in Britain is recycled. This seems quite good until you
realise that it also means that 40 of this poisonous substance enters the environment.
(4) Manufacturing glass bottles uses about three times more energy than if they were
collected, sorted, cleaned and reused. Recycling the glass from bottles does not save
energy but does reduce the demand for sand used in glass manicure. In 2007, 57% of
glass containers were recycled in Britain.
(5) Polythene waste is now also recycled. The plastic is used to make items such as car
seat covers, sports shoes, hi-tech headphones and even bridges.
(6) Waste paper can be pulped and used again, mainly for making paper and
cardboard. Newspapers are de-inked and used again for newsprint. One ton of waste
paper is equal to perhaps 17 trees (Paper is made from wood-pp.) So collecting waste

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paper may help to cut a country’s import bill for timber and spare a few more hectares
of this from the spread of commercial forestry.
32. Why is Finland and Germany's recycling program successful?
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﻨﺠﺢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﺪوﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪا وأﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ؟‬
(A) They reduced commercial forestry.
(B) They sort, clean, and reuse glass.
(C) They have a deposit system.
(D) They collect waste paper.
33. What does the writer think about Britain's lead recycling program?
‫ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ؟‬
(A) He believes lead is NOT dangerous
(B) He believes Finland is doing better.
(C) He believes it is very successful
(D) He believes it is NOT doing enough
34. What does the passage say about recycling glass bottles?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻦ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺎت؟‬
(A) It saves money.
(B) It saves energy.
(C) It saves sand.
(D) It saves fuel.
35. Which words can we use to replace "such as" in Paragraph (5)?
‫(؟‬5) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال "ﻣﺜﻞ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) for instance
(B) in addition
(C) of course
(D) after all
36. Which word can we use to replace the word "So" in Paragraph (6)?
‫(؟‬6) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ��ﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "إذن" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Also
(B) However
(C) Meanwhile
(D) Therefore
Passage 7
Malware and Viruses
(1) Malware and viruses are programs that can attack digital devices such as computers,
tablets, phones and others. Virus is a small program created to harm, or make trouble; by
gaining access to your device and infecting, you can copy your personal data or slow your
device down. A virus works by attaching itself to other files.
(2) By combining the words "malicious" (meaning "damaging") and "software" we get
the word "malware". Viruses are one type of malware. Malware is made to stop your
device from running property and sometimes to steal information. Your device can be
infected very quickly by malware. It could crash, slow down or turn back on again. Your

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internet connection may also down as the virus or worm searches for other devices to
infect, or sends your information back to person or people who created it.
(3) Virus is a type of malware that travels through normal programs. Once your device
has a virus it my pass easily and quickly to other files. A virus might just slow down your
device or it might be so bad that you lose your applications and documents!
(4) Virus can travel from device to device, but is different from virus as they don't need to
attach themselves to other programs. Worms can copy themselves hundreds of times, so
they can very quickly harm your device and other devices. A worm with copy itself onto
your account and then send a copy to all of your email contacts.

37. What is the reason for a slow internet connection? ‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻂء ا��ﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﺎ��ﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ؟‬
(A) worms attaching to computer programs
(B) too many people on the internet
(C) virus looking for other devices
(D) worms copying themselves
38. What is one negative effect of worms? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ ا��ﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﺪان؟‬
(A) They delete files.
(B) They become malware.
(C) They affect email contacts.
(D) They attach to other programs.
39. The word device in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to …………………
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬1) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺟﻬﺎز" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) software
(B) program
(C) system
(D) equipment
40. The word infect in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………………………….
........ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬2) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺗﺼﻴﺐ" اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) damage
(B) improve
(C) cancel
(D) connect

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Passage 8

41. What was the salary of graduates of upper secondary education in France?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ راﺗﺐ ﺧﺮﻳﺠﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ؟‬
(A) $4,000-$12,000
(B) $18,000-$20,000
(C) $20,000-$28,000
(D) $29,000-$41,000
42. What was the typical salary of graduates of upper secondary in Ireland?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻟﺨﺮﻳﺠﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪا؟‬
(A) more than $60,000
(B) more than $45.000
(C) more than $33,000
(D) more than $29,000

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Passage 9
Anatomy
(1) Anatomy is a field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and
description of the body. structures of living things. Gross anatomy involves the study of
major body structures by dissection and observation and in its narrowest sense is
concerned only with the human body. "Gross anatomy customarily refers to the study
of those body structures large enough to be examined without the help of magnifying
devices, while microscopic anatomy is concerned with the study of structural units small
enough to be seen only with a light microscope. Dissection is basic to all anatomical
research. The fest record of its use was made by the Greeks, and Theophrastus called
dissection anatomy," from ana termnein, meaning, "to cut up". Comparative anatomy,
the other major subdivision of the field, compares S e body structures in different
species of animals in order to understand the adaptive changes they have undergone
in the course of evolution.
Grass Anatomy
(2) This ancient discipline reached its culmination between 1500 and 1850, by which
time its subject matter was firmly established. None of the world's oldest civilizations
dissected a human body, which most people regarded with superstitions awe and
associated with the spirit of the departed soul. Beliefs in life after death and a
disquieting certainty concerning the possibility of bodily resurrection further inhibited
systematic study. Nevertheless, knowledge of the body was acquired by treating
wounds, hiding in childbirth. and setting broken limbs. The field remained speculative
rather than descriptive, though, until the achievements of the Alexandra medical school
and its foremost figure, Herophilus (flourished 300 BCE), who dissected human
cadavers and thus gave anatomy a considerable actual basis for the first time.
Herophilus made many important discoveries and was followed by his younger
contemporary Erasistratus, who is sometimes regarded as the founder of physiology. In
the 2nd century CE, Greek physician Galen assembled and arranged all the discoveries
of the Greek anatomists (scientists who study anatomy), including with them his own
concepts of physiology and his discoveries in experimental medicine. The many books
Galen wrote became the unquestioned authority for anatomy and medicine in Europe
because they were the only ancient Greek anatomical texts that survived the Dark Ages
in The form of Arabic (and then Latin) translations.
(3) Owing to church prohibitions against dissection, European medicine in the Middle
Ages relied upon Galen's mixture of fact and fancy rather than on direct observation for
its anatomical knowledge, though some dissections were authorized for teaching
purposes. In the early 16th century, the artist Leonardo da Vinci undertook his own
dissections and his beautiful and accurate anatomical drawings cleared the way for
Flemish physician Andreas Vesalius to "restore" the science of anatomy with his
monumental De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (1543; "The Seven Books on The
Structure of the Human Body"), which was the first comprehensive and illustrated
textbook of atomy. As a professor at the University of Padua Vesalnis encouraged
younger scientists to accept traditional anatomy only after verifying it themselves. and

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this more critical and questioning attitude broke Galea's authority and placed anatomy
on a farm foundation of observed fact and demonstration.
(4) From Vesalius's exact descriptions of the skeleton, muscles, blood vessels, nervous
system, and digestive tract. This successors in Padua progressed to studies of the
digestive glands and the urinary and reproductive systems. Hieronymus Fabricius,
Gabriello Fallophus and Bartolomeo Estachio were among the most important itatin
anatomists, and their detailed studies led to fundamental progress in the related field of
physiology. William Harvey discovery of the circulation of the blood, for instance, was
based partly on Fabricius's detailed descriptions of the venous Valves.
(5) The new application of magnifying glasses and compound microscopes to biological
studies in the second half of the 17th century was the most important factor in the
subsequent development of anatomical research. Primitive early microscopies enabled
Marcello Malpighi to discover the system of tiny capillaries connecting the arterial and
venous networks, Robert Hooke to first observe the small compartments in plants that
he called "cells" and Anrvonie van Leeuwenhoek to observe muscle fibres and
spermatozoa. Thenceforth attention gradually shifted from the identification and
understanding of bodily structures visible to the naked eye to those of microscopic size.
(6) The use of the microscope in discovering minute, previously unknown Features was
pursued on a more systematic basis in the 19th century, but progress tended to be slow
until technical improvements in the compound microscope itself, beginning in the
1830s with the gradual development of achromatic lenses, greatly increased that
instrument's resolving power. These technical advances enabled Matthias Jakob
Schleiden and Theodor Schwan to recognize in 1838-39 that the cell is the fundamental
until of organization all living things. The need for thinner, more transparent tissue
species for study under the light microscope stated the development of improved
methods of dissection, notably machines called microtomes that can slice specimens
into extremely thin sections. In order to better distinguish the detail in these sections.
Synthetic dyes were used to stain tissues with different colors. This sections and staining
had become standard tools for microscopic anatomists by the late 19th century. the
field of cytology, which is the study of tissue organization from the cellular level up.
Both arose in the 191h century with the data and techniques of microscopic anatomy as
their bodies.
(7) In the 20th century anatomists tended to scrutinize tinier and tinier units of structure
as new technologies enabled them to discern details far beyond the limits of resolution
of light microscopes. These advances were made possible by the electron microscope,
which stimulated an enormous amount of research on subcellular structures beginning
in the 1950s and became the prime tool of Anatomical research. About the same time,
the use of X-ray diffraction for studying the structures of many types of molecules
present in living things gave rise to the new subspecialty of molecular anatomy.

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43. Who were among the first notable people to illustrate their studies of anatomy?
(A) Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius
(B) Herophilus and Leonardo da Vinci
(C) Alexandrian and Herophilus
(D) Galen and Erasistratus
44. What things did primitive microscopes allow Antonie van Leeuwenhoek to study?
(A) small compartments and muscle fibers
(B) muscle fibers and spermatozoa.
(C) arterial and venous networks
(D) spermatozoa and eyes
45. Which new technologies enabled anatomists to see details beyond the limits of light
microscopes?
(A) increased resolving power and X-ray diffraction
(B) electron microscope and x-ray diffraction
(C) synthetic dyes and achromatic lenses
(D) dissection tools and transparency

Passage 10
Sustainability and Sustainable Development
(1) The definition of sustainability is not nearly as simple as it might seem; the same is
true for the definition of Sustainable development. This is best illustrated by the fact
that there are over 200 different documented definitions of sustainable development.
However, the most common definition, which was established by the Brundtland
Commission in 1987, is the following:
(2) Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
(3) This implies that we need to look after our planet, our Sources, and our people to
ensure that we can live in a stable manner and that we can give our planet to our
children and our grandchildren to live in true suitability.
(4) But what it sustainability? The definition of Suitability may be taken further. It is
widely accepted that to achieve true stability we must balance economic. Environment
and social factors in equal harmony.
46. The word illustrated in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………….
(A) demonstrated
(B) designed
(C) painted
(D) colored
47. The word documented in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………….
(A) questioned
(B) convinced
(C) suggested
(D) recorded

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48. The word implies in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to …………………

(A) demands
(B) assumes
(C) suggests
(D) persuades
Passage 11
Non-Western Economic Thought
(1) Western historians of economic thought, like ourselves have a tendency to focus on
Western writers. Whether This is justified or not is a matter or opinion JA Schumpeter,
who wrote a comprehensive, widely respected history of economic thought in 1954,
held that he could find non -Western early economic writing with any analytic content
and further that no piece of reasoning on strictly economic topics has come down to us
that can be called "Scientific" within our meaning of the term "Schumpeter also pointed
to what he regarded as a curious gap in economic literature between the writings of
the Greeks and Aquinas, a period of nearly one thousand years during which no
economic writings of merit seemed to have been produced.
(2) Scholars since Schumpeter have questioned his conclusions and have been to find
so interesting early economic wines of merit. We will briefly newly translated works of a
seventh century BCE Chinese writer, Oman Zhong (725-645 BC). For example, in order
to give you a favor of his contributions and, more broadly to suggest that analysis of
economic activity is likely to occur at various times and places. The majority of early
Chinese wings on economics fit Schumpeter's characterization they were essentially
limited to considerations of public administration within ethical networks, rather than
strictly scientific" studies. Oman Zhong's book Guan zi, however, stands out as going far
beyond the administrative mold. It includes a number of ideas that central to economic
thinking. Probably the most important of these is his "light/heavy" theory. An
anticipation of supply/demand theory. Others include his anticipation of the quantity
theory, his discussion of countercyclical fiscal policy. and his appreciation for the
workings of the market.
(3) Guan Zhong argued that when a good was abundant it became light and its price
would fail. When it was locked away it became heavy, and its price would rise. There
would be movements of goods into and out of markets based on their lightness and
heaviness, with a definite tendency toward one price- equilibrium. Thus, the light heavy
theory is a statement of the law of supply and demand.
49. What word other than analytic content" does the writer use to talk about economic
writing? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ا��ﺧﺮى ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ "اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) curious
(B) justified
(C) scientific
(D) comprehensive
50. Which of the following does the writer say is a fact? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ؟‬
(A) Schumpeter failed to find non-western scientific economic ideas.

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(B) Guan Zhong produced a theory called supply and demand.

(C) The Greeks and Aquinas produced economic literature.
(D) Schumpeter wrote a history of economic literature
51. What can we understand about economic thought from Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻜﺮ ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Schumpeter is the founder of modern economic thought and literature
(B) All economic thought comes from Western sources.
(C) The development of economic theories is to his early stages
(D) The were long spells when no economic literature produced
52. What can we understand about Zhong's ideas from Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻋﻦ أﻓﻜﺎر زوﻧﻎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Goods will always get more expensive through.
(B) Prices rise and fall depending on the movement of goods.
(C) He named his economic theory: the Law of Supply and Demand.
(D) Goods that are 'locked away are in high-demand and are expensive.

Passage 12
Passage A
(1) Wind power is an alternative energy source. This means that the power of the wind
can be used in place of other energy sources such as coal, oil, and nuclear reactions.
Wind can be used to produce electricity that heats homes and lights streets and
buildings.
(2) Wind power is harnessed by a machine called a wind turbine. Wind turbines are all
towers topped with blades. The blades are connected to a vertical shaft, or rod. When
wind causes the blades to spin, they tum the shaft. The tuning shaft provides power to
a machine called a generator, which produces electricity. A group of wind turbines,
called a wind farm, can be used to provide electricity to a community. Small turbines
provide power for individual homes.
(3) Wind turbines used to be called winds. The earliest known windmills were built more
than 1,000 years ago. People used them to grind grin. The Dutch used Windmills to
pump water out of low-lying areas near the sea.
Passage B
(1) Wind power is cost-effective. Land-based utility-scale wind is one of the lowest
priced energy sources available today, costing 1-2 cents per kilowatt-hour to the
production tax credit. Because the electricity from wind farms is sold at a fixed price
over a long period of time (e.g. 20+ years) and its fuel is free, wind energy mitigates the
price uncertainty that fuel costs add to traditional sources of energy.
(2) Wind creates jobs. The US wind sector employs more than 100.000 work, and wind
turbine tech n is one of the fastest growing American jobs. According to the Wind
Vision Report wind has the potential to Scout more than 600.000 job in manufacturing.
installation, maintenance, and supporting services by 2050.
(3) It's a clean fuel source. Wind energy doesn't pollute the air like power plants that
rely on combustion of fossil fuels, such as con or a s, which emit particulate matter,

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nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide -causing In health problems and economic
damages. Wind Turbines don't produce atmospheric emissions that cause acid rain.
smog, or greenhouse gases.
53. What do Passages A and B say about wind? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح؟‬
(A) Wind energy is free in some places.
(B) In the past, wind was used to crush grain.
(C) Wind energy is environmentally friendly.
(D) Wind can be used to produce electricity.
54. What can we understand from Passages A and B about energy sources?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﺣﻮل ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ؟‬
(A) Burning fossil fuels is expensive and causes pollution
(B) Energy sources include, for example, wind and coal
(C) Wind is a traditional source of energy.
(D) Wind is an alternative energy source.
55. What can we understand from Passages A and B about wind farms?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ ﻣﺰارع اﻟﺮﻳﺎح؟‬
(A) A wind farm is easy to build and can provide power to a large number of people.
(B) Wind farms produce power more cheaply than individual wind turbines.
(C) Wind farms can provide both power and employment for a community.
(D) A wind farm consists of several wind turbines typically on a sea shore.
56. Which of the following best summarizes the usefulness of wind power for people
from Passages A and B?
‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻠﺨﺺ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻟ��ﺷﺨﺎص ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب"؟‬
(A) The industry that wind power has created likely to grow in the near future.
(B)
(C)
(D)
Passage 13
(1) Language is a way to communicate. We begin to learn language as infants and
become accustomed to our native language. language therefore becomes a problem
for immigrants, especially between the first and second generations. This language
barrier also results in the second generation losing their identity.
(2) First generation immigrants in America suffer in lots of areas because of language
difficulties. Naturally, they want their children to speak English both at home and at
school in order to be more successful. This results in their children losing their ethnic
identity and even more. Ignoring their parents because there is now a language
between them.
(3) For example, my three children and they were all born in the States. The eighteen-
years- old daughter speaks both English and Korean very well. She has no problems
talking with her parents, but she does have trouble understanding Korean jokes, and
there are sometimes misunderstandings. The second daughter is fourteen years old
and she resists speaking Korean. My aunt often gets upset with her because she is
much Americanized and they cannot understand each other Even when my ant

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punishes her, this daughter does not understand what my aunt is talking about. I felt
sympathy for my aunt whenever my fourteen-year-old cousin said, "Mom, what is your
problem?
(4) The third child is a twelve-year-old son. He speaks English to his parents and my
aunt speaks Korean to him he does to the second canter. He also has a problem
communicating with his parents. My tis trying to encourage him to learn both
languages, but it is very bed for at because he speaks English all day and fail to
understand why he should learn Korean.
(5) Immigrants try to preserve their native language in their new country while string to
learn a new language. My aunt was her children to succeed in the US, but she also
wants to help them understand the Korean language in order to understand the Korean
heritage. The second generation often gets confused about their Identity. My aunt's
children, for example, see themselves as being different from others in both places in
the US they look Korean and in Korea they act like Americans. My cousins told me that
when they visited Korea a few years ago, they felt different because they wore different
clothes and walked differently.
(6) Language is important and valuable for any reasons. Immigrants must imagine a
strong mutual understanding with the family and enable their children to appreciate
the heritage. Being at ease in using both the first and second languages is important
not only for attaining familial harmony, but also in helping the second generation
establish the identity.
57. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) the importance of second language
(B) immigrants and their education
(C) language and identity
(D) immigrants in the US
58. The word suffer in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to having ……………….
(A) accidents
(B) problems
(C) injuries
(D) Skills
59. According to Paragraph (3), which of the following is NOT TRUE about the 18-year-
old daughter? ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺎ؟‬ ً 18 ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﺑﺸﺄن ا��ﺑﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬
ً ‫ أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺲ‬،(3) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) She was born in the U.S.
(B) She speaks only English very well.
(C) She sometimes misunderstands things in Korean
(D) She communicates better with her parents than her brother and sister do.
60. The pronoun they in Paragraph (3) refers to the mother and her …………..
.......... ‫( ﻳﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ ا��م و‬3) ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻮارد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) second daughter
(B) eldest daughter
(C) children
(D) so

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Model 32
Passage 1
Packaging
(1) Packaging involves designing and producing the container or wrapper for a product.
Traditionally the primary function of the package was to hold and protect the product.
In recent times, however, numerous factors have made packaging an important
marketing tool as well. Increased competition and clutter on retail store shelves means
that packages must now perform many sales tasks – from attracting attention, to
describing the product, to making the sale.
(2) Companies are realizing the power of good packaging to create immediate
consumer recognition of brand. For example, an average supermarket stocks 45,000
items; the average Wal-Mart supercenter carries 142,000 items. The typical shopper
passes by some 300 items per minute. And more than 70 percent of all purchase
decisions are made in stores. In this highly competitive environment, the package may
be the seller's last and best chance to influence buyers. Thus, for many companies, the
package itself has become an important promotional medium.
(3) Poorly designed packages can cause headaches for consumers and lost sale for the
company. Think about all those hard-to-open packages, such as DVD cases sealed with
impossibly sticky labels. Packaging with finger-splitting wire twist-tie, or sealed plastic
clamshell containers that take the equivalent of the fire department's Jaws of Life to
open. Such packaging causes what amazon.com calls "wrap rage" the frustration we
feel when trying to free a product from a nearly impenetrable package. "Amazon.com
recently launched a multi-year initiative to alleviate wrap rage. It's working with
companies such as Fisher-Price, Mattel, Microsoft, and others to create "frustration-free
packaging – smaller, easy to open recyclable packages that use less packaging material
and no frustrating plastic clamshells or wire ties. These new packages not only reduce
customer frustration, they also cut down on packaging waste and energy usage, "It will
take many years" says the company. "But our vision is to offer our entire catalog of
products in frustration-free packaging.
(4) Innovative packaging can give a company an advantage over competitors and
boost sales. Sometimes even seemingly small packaging improvements can make a big
difference. For example. Heinz revolutionized the 170-year-old condiments industry by
inverting the good old ketchup bottle, letting customers quickly squeeze out even the
last bit of ketchup. At the same time. It adopted a fridge-door-fit shape that not only
slots into shelves more easily but also have a cap that is simpler for children to open. In
the four months following the introduction of the new package. Sales jumped 12
percent. What's more? The new package does double duty as a promotional tool says a
packaging analyst. "When consumers see the Heinz logo on the fridge door every time,
they open it. It's taking marketing inside homes."
(5) In recent years, product safety has also become a major packaging concern. We
have all learned to deal with hard-to-open "childproof" packaging. And after the rash
of product tampering scares during the 1980s. most drag producers and food makers

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now put their products in tamper-resistant packages. In making packaging decisions,

the company also must heed growing environmental concerns. Fortunately, many
companies have gone "green" by reducing their packaging and using environmentally
responsible packaging materials.
21. What was the main function of packaging traditionally?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺎ؟‬
(A) To hold and protect the product
(B) To increase competition and clutter
(C) To design and produce the container
(D) To describe the product and make it safe
22. How many items does a typical shopper pass by in a minute?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎ�� اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﺎدي ﻓﻲ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة؟‬
(A) 45000
(B) 3000
(C) 300
(D) 70
23. How many companies is Amazon working with to reduce "wrap rage"?
‫ﻛﻢ ﻋﺪد اﻟ��ﻛﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ أﻣﺎزون ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ "اﻟﻐﻀﺐ اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ"؟‬
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
24. According to Paragraph 4), how did Heinz revolutionize the condiments industry?
‫ ﻛﻴﻒ أﺣﺪﺛﺖ ��ﻛﺔ ﻫﺎﻳﻨﺰ ﺛﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻮاﺑﻞ؟‬، (4) ‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) By increasing sales
(B) By changing the ketchup bottle
(C) By changing the ketchup recipe
(D) By taking marketing inside homes
25. What percentage increase in sales did Heinz make?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﺎﻳﻨﺰ؟‬
(A) 12
(B) 15
(C) 170
(D) 1980

Passage 2
Economics
(1) Economics is the study of how wealth is created and distributed. By wealth, we mean
anything of value, including the products produced and sold by business. How wealth is
distributed simply means who gets what.” Experts often use economics to explain the
choices we make and how these choices change as we cope with the demands of
everyday life. In simple terms, individuals, businesses, governments and society must
make decisions that reflect what is important to each group at a particular time. For

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example, suppose you want to take a weekend trip to some exotic vacation spot, and
you also want to begin an investment program Because of your financial resources,
though you cannot do both, so you must decide what is most important Business firms,
governments, and to some extent society face the same types of decisions. Each group
must deal with scarcity when making important decisions. In this case, scarcity means
"lack of resources money. time natural resources, and so on - that are needed to satisfy
a want or need.
(2) Today, experts often study economic problems from two different perspectives:
microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics is the study of the decisions
made by individuals and businesses. Microeconomics, for example examines how the
prices of homes affect the number of homes individuals will buy On the other hand,
macroeconomics is the study of the national economy and the global economy.
Macroeconomics examines the economic effect of national income, unemployment,
inflation taxes, government spending interest rates. and similar factors on a nation and
society.
26. What is the writer's main purpose in the passage?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) To study government spending.
(B) To explain how wealth is created and distributed.
(C) To describe economic problems.
(D) To inform about microeconomics and macroeconomics.
27. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about macroeconomics?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺣﻮل ا��ﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻜﻠﻲ؟‬
(A) It examines the effect of home prices.
(B) It studies national and global economy.
(C) It teaches us how to start an investment program.
(D)It studies decisions made by individuals and businesses.
28. What is one important idea that the writer mentions about scarcity?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺪرة؟‬
(A) lack of resources
(B) how wealth is distributed
(C) a result of microeconomics
(D) a choice we make in business only

Passage 3
Writing Genres
(1) There are four main types of academic writing and each of these writing styles is
used for a specific purpose.
(2) Expository writing is one of the most common types of writing. When an author
writes in an expository style, all they are trying to do is to explain a concept, imparting
information from themselves to a wider audience. Expository writing does not include
the author’s opinion but focused on accepted facts about a topic, including statistics or
other evidence.

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(3) Descriptive writing is often found in fiction, though it can make an appearance in
nonfiction as well memories, firsthand, accounts of events, or travel guides). When an
author writes in a descriptive style, they are painting a picture in words of a person,
place or thing for their audience. The author might employ a metaphor or other literary
devices in order to describe the author’s impressions. But the author is not trying to
convince the audience of anything or explain the scene.
(4) Persuasive writing is the main style of writing used in academic papers. When the
author writes in a persuasive style, they are trying to convince the audience of a
position or belief. Persuasive writing contains the authors as evidence of the
correctness of their position. Any “argumentative” Essay written in school should be in
the persuasive style of writing.
(5) Narrative writing is used almost every longer. Piece of writing, whether fiction or
nonfictions. When an author writes in a narrative style, they are not trying to import
information, they are trying to construct and communicative a story, complete with
characters, conflict and settings.
29. What is the main idea of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) Academic writing uses different types of styles.
(B) Children learn about descriptive writing in elementary school.
(C) There are four kinds of writing that are used for different reasons.
(D) Persuasive writing is used when the writer wants to convince an audience.
30. What does Paragraph (2) say about expository writing?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﻪ؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It is the least common type of writing.
(B) It includes a writer's opinion about a subject.
(C) It has information about today's world events.
(D) It allows the writer to describe an idea to the reader.
31. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (3)?
‫(؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Descriptive writing is often found in fiction, though it can make an appearance in
nonfiction as well.
(B) When an author writes in a descriptive style, they are painting a picture in words of
a person, place, or thing for their audience.
(C) The author might employ metaphor or other literary devices in order to describe the
author's impressions.
(D) But the author is not trying to convince the audience of anything or explain the scene.
32. What does Paragraph (3) say about descriptive writing?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ؟‬3) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It deals with paintings and art.
(B) It sometimes appears in works of nonfiction.
(C) It includes the writer trying to convince the audience.
(D) It contains a writer's explanation of the scene for the audience.

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33. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (4)?

‫(؟‬4) ‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻔﻜﺮة اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) Persuasive writing is the main style of writing used in academic papers.
(B) When an author writes in a persuasive style, they are trying to convince the
audience of a position or belief.
(C) Any "argumentative” essay written in school should be in the persuasive style of
writing.
(D) Persuasive writing contains the author's opinions and biases, as well as justifications
and reasons given by the author as evidence of the correctness of their position.
34. What does Paragraph (5) say about narrative writing?
(A) It is only found in fiction.
(B) It is usually used in shorter pieces of writing.
(C) It creates a story that it shares with the reader.
(D) It is a mix of descriptive and persuasive writing.

Passage 4
The Impact of Culture on Marketing Strategies
(1) In marketing, a seller must understand the ways that consumers in different
countries think about and use certain products before planning a marketing program.
There are often surprises. For example, the average French man uses almost twice as
many cosmetics and grooming devices as his wife. The Germans and the French eat
more packaged branded spaghetti than Italians do. Some 49 percent of Chinese eat on
the way to work. Most American women let down their hair and take off their makeup
at bedtime, whereas 15 percent of Chinese women style their hair at bedtime and 11
percent put on makeup.
(2) Business norms and behavior also vary from country to country. For example,
American executives like to get right down to business and engage in fast and tough
face-to-face bargaining. However Japanese and other Asian businesspeople often find
this behavior offensive. They prefer to start with polite conversation, and they rarely say
no in face-to-face conversations. As another example, South Americans like to sit or
stand very close to each other when they talk business - in fact, almost nose-to-nose.
The American business executive tends to keep backing away as the South American
moves closer. Both may end up being offended.
(3) By the same token, companies that understand cultural differences can use them to
their advantage when positioning products and preparing campaigns internationally.
Consider LG electronics, the $63 billion-dollar South Korean electronics,
telecommunications and appliance powerhouse. LG now operates in more than 60
countries and captures more than 81 percent of its sales from markets outside its home
country. LG's global success rests on understanding and catering to the unique
characteristics of each local market through in-country research, manufacturing and
marketing.

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35. What is one important idea about marketing in Paragraph (1)?

(A) consumers
(B) cosmetics
(C) surprises
(D) devices
36. What is one important idea about offensive behavior in Paragraph (2)?
‫(؟‬2) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ إﺣﺪى ا��ﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻌﺪواﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) standing
(B) conversation
(C) face-to-face
(D) nose-to-nose
37. What is a major difference in bargaining style between American and South
American businesspeople?
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ا��ﺧﺘ��ف اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻓﻲ أﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﺘﻔﺎوض ﺑﻴﻦ رﺟﺎل ا��ﻋﻤﺎل ا��ﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﻴﻦ وأﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ؟‬
(A) face-to-face conversations
(B) level of directness
(C) bedtime habits
(D) personal space
38. What makes LG so internationally successful?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﻌﻞ إل ﺟﻲ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ؟‬
(A) They sell most of their products abroad.
(B) They have knowledge of local market characteristics.
(C) They spend a lot of money on marketing.
(D) They use telecommunications effectively.
39. What is the main topic of the passage? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺮﺋﻴ�� ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﻪ؟‬
(A) Each culture has its unique set of business norms and behavior.
(B) Business brings different nationalities closer together.
(C) Business negotiations with other nationalities are full of surprises.
(D) Careful attention to cultural differences leads to success in business.

Passage 5
Irish Potato Famine
(1) Under British rule, three quarters of Irish farmland was used to grow crops that were
exported. The potato was the main source of food for most of the Irish people. In 1845,
disaster struck. A blight or disease destroyed the potato crop. Other crops, such as
wheat and oats, were not affected. Yet British landowners continued to ship these crops
outside Ireland, leaving little for the Irish except the blighted potatoes. The result was a
terrible famine that the Irish called the 'Great Hunger'. In four years, about one million
Irish men, women and children died of starvation or disease. Many more emigrated to
the United States and Canada. The Great Hunger left a legacy of Irish bitterness toward
the English.
(2) In the 1850s, some Irish militants organized the Fenian Brotherhood. Its goal was to
liberate Ireland from British rule by force. In the 1870s, moderate Irish nationalists found

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a rousing leader in Charles Parnell. He rallied Irish members of Parliament to press for
home rule, or local self-government. The debate dragged on for ages.
(3) The 'Irish question' disrupted English Politics. At times, political parties were so
deeply split over the Irish question that they could not take care of other business. As
prime minister, Gladstone pushed for reforms in Ireland, he ended the use of Irish tax
money to support the British and tried to ease the hardship of Irish tenant farmers. New
laws prevented landlords from charging unfair rents and protected the rights of tenants
to the land they worked.
(4) Finally, in 1914. Parliament passed a home rule law. But it delayed putting the new
law into effect when World War 1 broke out that year. The southern counties of Ireland
finally became independent in 1921.
40. What does Paragraph (1) say about the Great Hunger?
‫( ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﻮع اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ؟‬1) ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻘﻮل اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) It helped improve relations between Ireland and Britain
(B) It made British landowners stop all crop exports outside of Ireland.
(C) It brought about a lot of death and made many Irish people leave their country.
(D) It helped Prime Minister Gladstone to become the leader of the Irish nationalists.
41. Why does the writer use the word Yet in Paragraph (1)?
‫(؟‬1) ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﺑﻌﺪ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) To prove that the Irish only liked to eat potatoes most of the time
(B) To give more information about which crops were sent to Canada
(C) To show that crops, like wheat and oats, were also affected by disease
(D) To show that British landowners sold good crops while people were hungry
42. How did the Irish deal with the problems that followed the Great Hunger?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ا��ﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﻮن ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻋﻘﺒﺖ اﻟﺠﻮع اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ؟‬
(A) They stopped paying taxes to the British and built an army.
(B) They passed laws to stop landlords from stealing their crops.
(C) They bought oat and wheat crops from nearby European countries.
(D) They created the Fenian Brotherhood to fight back against the British.
43. What does the writer think about the "Irish question"?
‫ﻣﺎ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ "اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ا��ﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ"؟‬
(A) He believes it divided English people and problems until a solution was found.
(B) He believes it created a split between Ireland's northern and southern counties.
(C) He believes it helped the British control Ireland's farms and potato crops for a very
long time.
(D) He believes it created bad feelings towards Irish people who supported the Fenian
Brotherhood.
44. How did prime minister Gladstone deal with the Irish question?
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﺟ��د ﺳﺘﻮن ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ا��ﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ؟‬
(A) He arrested Charles Parnell and other Irish nationalists.
(B) He tried to help Irish farmers through new rent and tax laws.
(C) He left over a million Irish people to die of hunger and disease.
(D) He allowed Irish people to move to the United States and Canada.

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Passage 6
Bacterial Disease
How do bacteria cause disease?
(1) Disease-causing agents are called pathogens. Although pathogens can come from
any taxonomic group. bacteria and viruses are among the most common. All currently
known prokaryotic pathogens are bacteria. This is why the discussion here is restricted
to pathogenic bacteria, and it excludes archaea. However, in the future scientists may
well discover that some archaea are associated with disease.
(2) The French chemist Louis Pasteur was the first person to show convincingly that
bacteria cause disease. Pasteur helped to establish what has become known as the
germ theory of disease when he showed that bacteria were responsible for a number of
human and animal diseases.
Disease Mechanisms
(3) Bacteria produce disease in one of two general ways. Bacteria cause disease by
destroying living cells or by releasing chemicals that upset homeostasis. Some bacteria
destroy living cells and tissues of the infected organism directly, while some cause
tissue damage when they provoke a response from the immune system. Other bacteria
release toxins (poisons) that interfere with the normal activity of the host.
Damaging Host Tissue
(4) One example of a pathogen that damages host tissue is the bacterium that causes
tuberculosis. This pathogen is inhaled into the lungs, where its growth triggers an
immune response that can destroy large areas of tissue. The bacterium also may travel
through blood vessels to other sites in the body, causing similar damage.
Releasing Toxins
(5) Bacteria that produce toxins include the species that causes diphtheria, and the
species responsible for a deadly form of food poisoning known as botulism. Diphtheria
has largely been eliminated in developed countries by vaccination, but outbreaks of
botulism still claim many lives.
45. What happened because of Louis Pasteur's research about bacteria?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺣﺪث ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ؟‬
(A) People learned how diseases can start.
(B) People learned how to stop all diseases.
(C) People learned that diseases are common.
(D) People learned that diseases can be made.
46. What do toxins made by one species of bacteria cause?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺒﺒﻪ اﻟﺴﻤﻮم اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﻧﻮع واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ؟‬
(A) a new kind of lung disease
(B) a disease found in animals
(C) an ancient type of virus
(D) an illness that can kill
47. What is one negative effect of tuberculosis? ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ ا��ﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺮض اﻟﺴﻞ؟‬
(A) It can cause deadly diseases
(B) It causes damage to body tissue

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(C) It destroys blood vessels in the body

(D) It releases toxins that cause food poisoning
48. The word produce in paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………
............ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬3) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "إﻧﺘﺎج" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) create
(B) destroy
(C) prevent
(D) respect
49. The word growth in paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ………
........... ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻧﻤﻮ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) death
(B) decrease
(C) description
(D) development
50. The word response in paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ………
............ ‫( ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬4) ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻗﺮاف‬
(A) memory
(B) reply
(C) delay
(D) method

Passage 7

51. Which group has the lowest number of days absent?

‫أي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ أﻗﻞ ﻋﺪد أﻳﺎم ﻏﻴﺎب؟‬
(A) Men who sleep between 7 and 8 hours.
(B) Women who sleep between 7 and 8 hours.
(C) Men and women who do not stay up late at night.
(D) Men and women who sleep at least 8 hours a night.

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Passage 8
California Strawberries
(1) Agricultural abundance is a pillar of the California dream. In 2016 the state turned
out more than $45 billion worth of meat, milk and crops. Long before nutritionists
agreed that fresh fruits and vegetables should be the center of American diets,
California farmers had planted much of their land in these products, and today they
produce half of the nation's fruits, vegetables and nuts.
(2) But although fruits and vegetables are vaunted as healthy foods, their impact as
crops is quite different. On many California produce farms wages are low, working
conditions are poor and farmers use enormous quantities of pesticides and precious
water. This is the central contradiction of California agriculture
(3) California's strawberry industry is the state's sixth most important commodity in
terms of the value of crops sold. Strawberries are attractive reasonably nutritious and
occasionally tasty fruits and can be grown and eaten within California nearly year-
round. But the industry's growth has relied on heavy use of toxic chemicals and now
growers face heightened restrictions on some of their most favored chemicals: soil
fumigants.
(4) Unfortunately, less toxic or non-chemical strategies that would allow strawberries to
be grown for a mass market, maintaining affordable prices, are elusive and likely to
remain so.
(5) Although strawberry production once was scattered throughout the state, by the
1960s, it had concentrated in coastal zones to take advantage of sandy soils and mild
temperatures. Thereafter, the industry saw tremendous growth in productivity. In
Monterey and Santa Cruz counties alone, acreage more than tripled and production
increased tenfold from 1960 to 2014. Much of this growth was enabled by advances in
plant breeding and use of plastic tarps to absorb heat, allowing growers to increase the
length of strawberry seasons.
(6) But the main driver of growth has been the use of pre plant chemical fumigants.
Growers hire pest control companies to fumigate soils before planting strawberries in
order to kill soil-borne pests most importantly, plant pathogens such as Verticillium
dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina Without such treatment, these pathogens cause
strawberry plants to wilt and die.
(7) Now, however, the industry's fumigant of choice methyl bromide can no longer be
used in strawberry fruit production. In 1991 methyl bromide was banned under the
Montreal Protocol on Substances that used in nursery production to ensure that starter
plants are virus- and pathogen-free. One potential replacement, methyl iodide, was
approved for use in late 2010. But it was withdrawn from the market in 2012, following
an activist campaign and lawsuit that accused California regulators of performing an
inadequate review of potential health risks to workers and the general public. Among
other things, the chemical is a known neurotoxin and carcinogen.
(9) Other fumigants are still allowed, but their use is increasingly restricted by buffer
zones and township quotas. Consequently, growers are contending with heightened

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53. Between which years did organic strawberry production rise by fivefold?
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ أي اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ارﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻔﺮاوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﺿﻌﺎف؟‬
(A) 1960 and 2014
(B) 2005 and 2015
(C) 2010 and 2012
(D) 2000 and 2012

Passage 9
Forensic Science
Forensic science is the application of science to answer questions related to the law.
Biologists as well as chemists and biochemists can be forensic scientists. Forensic
scientists provide scientific evidence for use in courts, and their job involves examining
trace material associated with crimes. Interest in forensic science has increased in the
last few years, possibly because of popular television shows that feature forensic
scientists on the job. Also, the development of molecular techniques and the
establishment of DNA databases have updated the types of work that forensic scientists
can do. Their job activities are primarily related to crimes against people such as
murder and assault. Their work involves analyzing samples such as hair, blood. and
other body fluids and also processing DNA found in many different environments and
materials.
54. The word evidence in the passage is closest in meaning to ………………..
........... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "دﻟﻴﻞ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) people
(B) methods
(C) facts
(D) experiments
55. The word examining in the passage is closest in meaning to ………………
........... ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻓﺤﺺ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ ﻫﻲ ا��ﻗﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ل‬
(A) creating
(B) destroying
(C) proving
(D) testing

Passage 10 Hypnosis
(1) Those who study hypnosis agree that its power resides not in the hypnotist but in
the subject's openness to suggestion. To some extent, nearly everyone is suggestible.
When people standing upright with their eyes closed are told repeatedly that they are
swaying back and forth, most will indeed sway a little. In fact, postural sway is one of
the items on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale that assesses a person's
hypnotizability. During the assessment, a hypnotist gives a brief hypnotic induction and
then presents a series of suggested experiences that range from easy (one's

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outstretched arms will move together) to difficult (with eyes open one will see a
nonexistent person).
(2) Those who are highly hypnotizable - say, the 20 percent who can carry out a
suggestion not to smell or react to a bottle of ammonia held under the nose - are still
likely to be the most hypnotizable 25 years later. These hypnotically susceptible people,
frequently become deeply absorbed in imaginative activities. Typically, they have rich
fantasy lives and easily become absorbed in the imaginary events of a novel or movie.
Many researchers therefore refer to hypnotic.
56. What can we understand about hypnosis? ‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴ��؟‬
(A) Everyone is hypnotizable.
(B) Most people are hypnotizable.
(C) 20% of people are hypnotizable.
(D) Young people are most hypnotizable.
57. Which of the following is the writer's opinion? ‫أي ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ رأي اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ؟‬
(A) In hypnosis, the subject is more important than the hypnotist.
(B) It is good to be able to focus your attention completely on a task.
(C) The Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale is a good test.
(D) Everyone should read novels and watch movies.

Passage 11
Passage A: Aristocratic leadership:
(1) This is also sometimes termed authoritarian leadership. It refers to a leadership or
management style which assumes that information and decision making are best kept
at the top of the organization. It is also characterized by:
- One-way communication (down ward).
- Minimal delegation or decentralization.
- Close supervision of employees.
(2) Martha Stewart, An American enter renew, build up a vast global business venture,
including publishing, television broad casting and online commerce, despite, or
perhaps of her reputation as an autocratic leader, unlike this style, the leader
determines objectives, allocate tasks and expects obedience from subordinates. In
these circumstances employees become very dependent upon the leader as they do
not have the necessary information (or confidence) to act on their own initiative.
(3) Organization managed in an authoritarian style can face difficulties. People avoid
making decisions so that matters to be decided are either passed up for the decisions
to be made at a higher level, or decision are made by committees as it is more difficult
to dismiss all the members of a committee for jointly making a wrong decision senior
management tends to be overworked and stud turnover tends to be high. This style of
leadership becomes difficult to operate successfully as an organization grows.
(4) As with all the behavior leadership classifications the term autocratic manager
covers a spectrum styles. Extreme autocratic management with result in subordinated
having no freedom of action. More evident autocratic leadership will allow for

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possibility of some discussion or persuasion. This implies that limited two-way

communication may occur.
Passage B: Democratic leadership
(1) Democratic leadership (sometimes called participative leadership entails operating a
business according to decisions agreed by the majority decision may be agreed
formally through a voting system but are more likely to the result of informal
discussions. Typically, democratic leadership encourages some of the following.
Ship encourages some of the following:
- The leader delegates a great deal and encourages decentralization.
- The leader and subordinator discuss issues and employee participation actively
encouraged.
- The leader acts upon advice, and explains the reasons for decisions.
- Subordinates have greater control over their own working lives.
(2) The successful operation of this style requires excellent communication skills on the
part of the leader and the ability to generate effective two-way communications. A
considerable amount of management time may be spent on communication in one
form or another. This approach helps to develop the skills of subordinates and
generally results in a more satisfied work form.
58. What can we understand from passages A and B about leadership?
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة؟‬
(A) It results in a satisfied workforce.
(B) It requires a person to influence others to work.
(C) It becomes more difficult as an organization grows.
(D) It requires employees to be dependent on their leader.
59. According to passages A and B, what type of communication can take place in both
leadership styles?
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع ا��ﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ ﻛ�� ا��ﺳﻠﻮﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدﻳﻴﻦ؟‬، "‫وﻓ ًﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب‬
(A) downward
(B) limited
(C) two-way
(D) informal
60. What can we understand from Passages A and B about leadership styles?
‫ﻣﺎذا ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ "أ" و "ب" ﻋﻦ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة؟‬
(A) They only include downward communication
(B) They influence how decisions are made.
(C) The leader delegates a great deal.
(D) Workers depend on their leaders.

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Model 33
Passage 1
Pony (gold) express
The Pony Express was a system that delivered mail on horseback between Missouri and
California. The service lasted for only about a year and a half in the early 1860s.
Nevertheless, the Pony Express is well remembered in stories about the American West.
Beginning in the 1840s many people from the eastern United States began to move to
the west. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 and in Colorado and Nevada in
1859 brought thousands of explorers in search of riches. Other people came to settle
the land or to start a new life. By 1860 some 40,000 members of the religious group
known as Mormons had settled in what is now Utah. The population of Oregon also
greatly increased. The new settlers often came into conflict with the Native Americans
who already lived on the land. More settlers continued to arrive, however.
Mail from the East took a long time to reach these people. In 1851 the United States
government arranged to send mail to California and Oregon by sea. However, it took
about a month for a letter to travel from New York to California. Then a stagecoach
service was begun, but this took 24 days. The people in the West demanded faster mail
service.
The idea of using fast horses or ponies to carry mail may have come from F.X. Aubrey,
who hauled goods down the Santa Fe Trail in freight wagons. The Santa Fe Trail was an
important commercial route during the mid-19th century. On his trips from Missouri to
Santa Fe, New Mexico, Aubrey left horses along the trail with traders and others. On his
return by horseback, he changed a tired horse for a fresh one.
21) When did they discover Pony?
a. 1980
b. 1848
c.1900
d.2000
22) Who was the first to ride the Pony?
a. Aubrey
b. Daniel
c. Adam
d. Christopher
23) How long did it take for a letter to travel from New York to California?
a) A month
b) A year
c) A week
d) Three months

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Passage 2 Tea
Tea has a Chinese name given to a tree or shrub, its leaves, and the drink made from
the leaves, and its evergreen plant. It is attributed to the Camellia sinensis plant, and its
original home is eastern Asia. In its homeland it grows to a height of 9 m, but on farms
it prunes small bushes 90-150 cm tall. Its leaves are lanceolate, dark green, and the
flowers are fragrant, white, yellowish. Tea was mentioned in Chinese works in the third
century as a substitute for strong wines, and was cultivated in the eighth century on a
commercial scale. The Dutch East India Company imported it to Europe, c. 1600, and
used it in England (c. 1660). The British East India Company monopolized its supply to
Britain until 1834. It arrived in the American colonies in 1680 and was the beverage of
choice until it was replaced by coffee. And tea is the most consumed beverage after
water, and the most important tea-producing countries are: India, China, Ceylon,
Indonesia, Japan, Formosa. The main importing countries Britain, the United States of
America. Australia, Russia, Canada, Netherlands. Its cultivation requires light fertile soil,
hot weather, humid air, and abundant rain. Small bushes grown from seeds are suitable
for harvesting after about three years, and these shrubs may continue to produce for
50 years. The leaves are picked by hand and they are young and the best are the thin
leaves near the top. Leaves are left to wither, then twisted and heated. In green tea, the
leaves are heated as soon as they are cut. In black (red) tea, the leaves are first
fermented for about 24 hours. In black (red) dragon tea, which is a type of tea that the
people of China drink, the leaves are partially fermented, which is Medium in flavor and
colour. Tea is classified according to the paper size, starting from the smallest. The
flavor of tea is caused by volatile oil, its stimulant property is caused by caffeine, and its
astringent property is caused by tannin, which decreases in black (red) tea as a result of
fermentation. Sometimes jasmine flower or other fragrant plants are added to some
types of tea to sweeten it.

Passage 3
Vitamin D
Vitamin D can be synthesized by the skin when exposed to UVB radiation. Therefore,
inhabitants of northern Antarctica with a short exposure to sunlight are at considerable
risk of experiencing vitamin D deficiency.
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is a health condition that affects an important proportion of
the worldwide population. VD deficiency can lead to bone mineralization defects such
as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Also, studies in the general population have shown an association of VD deficiency with
increased bone fracture risk and other health problems.
1) Why do the inhabitants of northern Antarctica experience vitamin D deficiency?
a. not enough sunlight

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Passage 4
Diabetes
ϭͿ Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body turns food
into energy.
ϮͿ Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into sugar (glucose) and releases it into
your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it signals your pancreas to release
insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the blood sugar into your body’s cells for use as energy.
ϯͿ With diabetes, your body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it as well as it should.
When there isn’t enough insulin or cells stop responding to insulin, too much blood sugar
stays in your bloodstream. Over time, that can cause serious health problems, such
as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.
For developing countries, urban and rural populations were considered separately
Prevalence of diabetes in adults worldwide was estimated to be 4.0% in 1995 and to
rise to 5.4% by the year 2025. It is higher in developed than in developing countries.
The number of adults with diabetes in the world will rise from 135 million in 1995 to
300 million in the year 2025.
The sugar industry paid scientists in the 1960s to play down the link between sugar
and heart disease and promote saturated fat as the culprit instead, newly released
historical documents show.
The internal sugar industry documents, recently discovered by a researcher at the
University of California, San Francisco, and published Monday in JAMA Internal
Medicine, suggest that five decades of research into the role of nutrition and heart
disease, including many of today’s dietary recommendations, may have been
largely shaped by the sugar industry.

Passage 5
Parkinson
Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and the
parts of the body controlled by the nerves. Symptoms start slowly. The first symptom
may be a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. Tremors are common, but the
disorder may also cause stiffness or slowing of movement.
In the early stages of Parkinson's disease, your face may show little or no expression.
Your arms may not swing when you walk. Your speech may become soft or slurred.
Parkinson's disease symptoms worsen as your condition progresses over time.
Although Parkinson's disease can't be cured, medications might significantly improve
your symptoms. Occasionally, your health care provider may suggest surgery to
regulate certain regions of your brain and improve your symptoms.
In Parkinson's disease, certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain gradually break down
or die. Many of the symptoms are due to a loss of neurons that produce a chemical
messenger in your brain called dopamine. When dopamine levels decrease, it causes
atypical brain activity, leading to impaired movement and other symptoms of
Parkinson's disease.

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Passage6
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬

How long is the bridge in Thailand?

a) 33 miles
Where is the shortest bridge?
a) Unites States of America

Passage 7
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬

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Passage 8 (‫)ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻮرق واﻟﺒﺮدي‬

1) The paper we use today is made by machine. Trees are cut up and processed into a
mixture called wood pulp. The pulp, containing tiny cellulose fibers, is pressed and
rolled out to form sheets of paper.
2) The first manmade writing material was not paper. About 4,000 years ago, the
ancient Egyptians took the fibrous stems of the papyrus plant, flattened them, laid them
crosswise and pressed them down to stick them together. When dried, this made a
piece of papyrus that could be written on.
3) Paper was first made in China around the year 105 CE by a man called Ts'ailun. He
found a way to make paper from the stringy inner bark of the mulberry tree. The bark
was pounded in water to separate the fibers. This mixture was then poured into a
bamboo tray to let the water drain out. After that, the soft mat of paper was moved
onto a smooth, flat surface to dry. Later, someone discovered that the paper could be
improved by brushing it with starch to make it stronger.
4) Chinese traders travelled around Asia as far as Samarkand. There, they met with Arab
merchants who learned the secret of making paper and took it to Spain. Afterwards, the
art of papermaking spread throughout the rest of Europe.
5) Since then, many kinds of machines have been invented and improved methods
discovered for making paper. One of the most important, for example, was a machine
developed in France in 1798. This machine could make a continuous sheet or web of
paper. Before, paper could only be produced in separate sheets.
. According to Paragraph 2), what did the early Egyptians use to make their writing
material?
A mulberry bark.
B wood pulp.
C bamboo.
D papyrus.
. The word them in Paragraph 2) refers to ……
Ancient Egyptians.
B writing materials.
C papyrus stems.
D paper.
. The first real paper was made in …….
A China.
B Egypt.
C France.
D Samarkand.
. Who introduced the paper-making process to Europe?
A Ts'ailun.
B Chinese traders.
C the Arabs.
D the Spanish.

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. Which component is necessary for making both paper and papyrus?

A tree bark.
B tree wood.
C plant starch.
D fibrous material.

Passage 9
(‫)ﻣﻨﺎخ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺪن اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬

Strong winds will raise dust and sand, reducing visibility over the northern and central
Kingdom between Makkah and Madinah, with the possibility of increasing temperatures
over these regions. Suspended haze will spread over Qassim, Hail and northern parts of
the Riyadh region, limiting visibility and making driving hazardous. Parts of the central
and eastern Kingdom will be partly cloudy, with chances of rain. Storm clouds may form
over the southwestern and Western highlands, including Abha. Baha and Taif.
. Which parts of the Kingdom may receive rain?
A. the central and eastern parts.
B. the central and northern parts.
C. the northern and eastern parts.
D. the northern and western parts.
. The forecast for Makkah and Medina is ……
A clear and sunny.
B stormy and cool.
C rainy and cool.
D dusty and hot.
. Which city may expect to see storm clouds?
A Makkah.
B Riyadh.
C Hail.
D Baha.
. Where will it probably be difficult to see clearly while driving?
A Taif.
B Qassim.
C the western highlands.
D the eastern part of the Kingdom.

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Passage 10
Automation
(1) Knowing how and where robots and machines could impact the global economy will
help financial executives in a competitive edge in their industries but predicting which
countries are likely to be impacted most by workforce automation and when isn't as
simple as comparing industries across the globe.
(2) A recent McKinsey Global Institute report. A Future That Works: Automation,
Employment, and Productivity, Analyzed the automation potential of 46 countries,
representing 80% of the global workforce. Several factors are considered, including the
percentage of work activities that could be automated using current technology, the
number of full-time employees that could be affected and wages.
(3) The types of activities that have a high potential for automation are physical tasks in
highly structured and predictable environments, data processing and data collection.
Those that have a considerably lower potential for automation are unpredictable physical
work, interactions with others, applying expertise, and managing others, which is the least
susceptible to automation.
(4) Vast differences are expected in how automation will play out across the globe, as
technical, economic, and social factors will determine the pace and extent of it. But it's
hard to say how quickly automation will become reality, according to the report.
(5) Take manufacturing, for example. One country may save a larger concentration of
work hours in jobs that have higher automation potential, such as production and
administrative support. And another country may have a higher proportion of work hours
in jobs that are less likely to be automated, such as management and engineering.
. What idea do the words "susceptible to automation" repeat?
(A) workforce automation
(B) robots and machines
(C) automation potential
(D) competitive edge
. What can we understand from Paragraph (2) about the McKinsey Global Institute
research?
(A) It was a large study.
(B) It was an automated study.
(C) It used current technology.
(D) It had an effect on full-time employees.
. Which of the following is an opinion in the passage?
(A) The report considered several factors in the automation process.
(B) Automation of work will become a reality for all workers.
(C) The speed of change to automation is difficult to predict.
(D) The McKinsey report studied 46 different countries.
. Which of the following is a fact?
(A) Physical work can be unpredictable.

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(B) The report considered information from 46 countries.

(C) Technology has the greatest effect on full-time employees.
(D) The writers of the report interviewed 80% of the global workforce.
. What idea do the words "administrative support" repeat?
(A) Management and engineering
(B) Data processing and data collection
(C) Technical, economic and social factors
(D) Applying expertise and managing others
. What can we understand from Paragraphs (4) and (5) about automation around the
world?
(A) It will be very difficult to achieve.
(B) It will become a reality very quickly.
(C) It will be different in different countries.
(D) It will have the biggest effect on manufacturing.

Passage 11
Photosynthesis
(1) All living organisms need food. They need it as a source of raw materials to build
new cells and tissues as they grow. They also need food as a source of energy. Food is
a kind of 'fuel' that drives essential living processes and brings about chemical changes.
Animals take in food, digest it and use the digested products to build their tissues or to
produce energy.
(2) Plants also need energy and raw materials but, apart from a few insect eating
species, plants do not appear to take in food. The most likely source of their raw
materials would appear to be the soil. However, experiments show that the weight
gained by a growing plant is far greater than the weight lost by the soil it is growing in.
So there must be additional sources of raw materials.
(3) Jean-Baptiste van Helmont was a Dutch scientist working in the 17th century. At that
time very little was known about the process of photosynthesis. He carried out an
experiment using a willow shoot. He planted the shoot in a container with 90.8 kg of
dry soil and placed a metal grill over the soil to prevent any accidental gain or loss of
mass. He left the shoot for 5 years in an open yard, providing it with only rainwater and
distilled water for growth. After 5 years he reweighed the tree and the soil and came to
the conclusion that the increase in mass of the tree (74.7 kg) was due entirely to the
water it had received. However, he was unaware that plants also take in mineral salts
and carbon dioxide, or that they use light as a source of energy.
. How is the author's view of "increase in mass" in trees different from the Dutch
scientist, Helmont's view?
(A) It is due entirely to the water they receive.
(B) It is due to the water, air, and soil they receive.
(C) It is due to the water, minerals, carbon dionxide, and sun light.
(D) It is due to a healthy soil, enough water, enough minerals and air.

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. What word other than food does the writer use to talk about the need of all living
things?
(A) cell
(B) fuel
(C) material
(D) process
. What can we understand from the passage about the source of food hypothesis?
(A) Food comes from only carbohydrates and carbon.
(B) Food comes from three different sources.
(C) Food comes from more than four sources.
(D) Food comes from nitrogen and sulfur.
. What can we understand from Paragraph (3) about Helmont's experiment?
(A) It failed because it used dry soil.
(B) It succeeded because it used only rainwater for 5 years.
(C) It failed because it did not pay attention to all things plants need.
(D) It failed because it happened a long time ago before photosynthesis was even
known.
Passage 12
Fish
1) Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water. They differ greatly in size, shape, color
and habits. Some fish may look like worms, while others may resemble rocks. All the colors
of the rainbow can be found in fish. Some fish are very brightly colored while others can be
very dull.
2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing waters of
Antarctica, hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers. Nearly all fish get their
oxygen from water. Although we cannot see it, water does contain oxygen. To get this
oxygen, the fish forces water through its gills. The gills absorb oxygen and release carbon
dioxide into the water which then passes out through the gills.
3) Scientists have found over 21,000 different kinds of fish. They continue to find more species
each year. Scientists who study fish are called ichthyologists. Fish are truly amazing animals
to study and observe.
. What is the main idea of the passage?
a) the types of fish
b) the colors of fish
c) fish are fascinating animals
d) how fish live and play in water
. The word resemble in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to...............
E. differ from
F. look like
G. live in
H. move

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. The word it in Paragraph 2) refers to ……

a) fish
b) water
c) a river
d) oxygen
. According to Paragraph 3), it is expected that in the new Norma the scientists will find
more
a) fish
b) animals
c) kinds of animals
d) species of animals

Passage 13
(‫)اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ واﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺘﺠﺮﺑﺘﻬﺎ وﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻬﺎ‬
Free Software
Freeware
(1) Freeware is software a user can download from the internet free of charge. Once it
has been downloaded. there are no fees associated with using the software (examples
include: Adobe, Skype or media players). Unlike free software, freeware is subject to
copyright laws and users are often requested to tick a box to say they understand and
agree to the terms and conditions governing the software. This basically means that a
user is not allowed to study or modify the source code in any way.
Shareware
(2) In this case, users are allowed to try out some software free of charge for a trial
period. At the end of the trial period, the author of the software will request that you
pay a fee if you like it. Once the fee is paid. a user is registered with the originator of
the software and free updates and help are then provided. Very often, the trial version
of the software is missing some of the features found in the full version, and these don't
become available until the fee is paid. Obviously, this type of software is fully protected
by copyright laws and a user must make sure they don't use the source code in any of
their own software. Permission needs to be obtained before this software is copied and
given to friends. family or colleagues.
. What does Paragraph (1) say about freeware?
A- It has source code that can be changed.
B- It has rules that users must follow.
C- It is necessary to update it often.
D- It is similar to free software.
. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (1)?
А- Freeware is software a user can download from the internet free of charge.
B- Once it has been downloaded, there are no fees associated with using the software
(examples include: Adobe, Skype or media players).

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C- Unlike free software, freeware is subject to copyright laws and users are often
requested to tick a box to say they understand and agree to the terms and conditions
governing the software.
D- This basically means that a user is not allowed to study or modify the source code in
any way.
. What does Paragraph (2) say about shareware's trial period?
A- You can change the source code.
B- You can share it with friends and family.
C- You can use all of the software's features.
D- You can use the software for a limited time.
. Which of the following statements about shareware Paragraph (2) support?
A- Users can try it before buying it.
B- Users can share it easily with anyone.
C- Users can download it on their phones.
D- Users can create their own software.

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Model 34
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's
arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe
the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire
destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other smoke
jumpers to build a firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster that was
raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it
would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would
have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet
with sweat. He was too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting
the fire. He turned his head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man
was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he
forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others
with whom he was working.
21. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ……..
(A) he had sweat all over him.
(B) he was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) he had given so much to fight the fire.
22. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves ……
(A) working with proper tools
(B) avoiding fire hazards
(C) losing one's courage
(D) caring for others
23. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………
(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man

Passage 2
Giant Panda
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip

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to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan
Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in
Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new
environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her
birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree
or higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.
24. According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese?
(A) so that she can speak with her caretakers
(B) so that she will feel at home in China
(C) so that she can forget her English
(D) so that she will like her new diet
25. According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
(A) in Sichuan, China
(B) in Atlanta, Georgia
(C) in an American research center
(D) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center.

Passage 3
Stars
(1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different
colors. Some are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is also shown when we
take color photographs of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an
ordinary camera as long as it is kept steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
(2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found
that blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars
which cannot be classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a
blue superstar as big as 40.000 suns and Beetlejuice is a superstar with a size equal to
17.000 suns.
(3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of
them is a superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer.
Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure the brightness of a
star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star's distance from the earth it
astronomers know the color, brightness and whether or not it is a superstar.
26. The pronoun it in Paragraph (1) refers to the ……………………..
(A) photograph
(B) exposure
(C) camera
(D) star
27. The word brighter in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ……………..

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(A) more colorful

(B) more shiny
(C) smaller
(D) larger
28. Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
(A) green
(B) yellow
(C) blue
(D) red

Passage 4
The Cold War
(1) Starting with major scientific breakthroughs during the 1930's, countries have
developed weapons that are based on nuclear energy. The use of nuclear weapons
reached its height with the outbreak of World War II and the Cold War. Two of the
world's major superpowers, the USA and Soviet Union, threatened each other with the
use of nuclear weapons, which was referred to as the Cold War.
(2) Although relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had been
strained in the years before World War II, the U.S.-Soviet alliance of 1941–1945 was
marked by a great degree of cooperation and was essential to securing the defeat of
Nazi Germany. As late as 1939, it seemed highly improbable that the United States and
the Soviet Union would forge an alliance. U.S.-Soviet relations had soured significantly
following Stalin’s decision to sign a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany in August
of 1939. In spite of intense pressure to sever relations with the Soviet Union, Roosevelt
never lost sight of the fact that Nazi Germany, not the Soviet Union, posed the greatest
threat to world peace. In order to defeat that threat, Roosevelt confided that he “would
hold hands with the devil” if necessary.
Finally, two devastating atomic bomb attacks against Japan by the United States,
coupled with the Soviets’ decision to break their neutrality pact with Japan by invading
Manchuria, finally led to the end of the war in the Pacific. Soon after the war, the
alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union began to unravel as the two
nations faced complex post- war decisions
(3) At various conferences, the most important of which were at Yalta and Potsdam,
the three powers split Germany and its capital Berlin in two, with the eastern portion
controlled by the Soviet Union and the western portion controlled jointly by the United
States, the United Kingdom, and France. Additionally, the Soviet Union was given
influence over the governments of several Eastern European states, where they
promptly set up loyal, communist puppet regimes.
(4) The United States and the West feared the creation of this Eastern Bloc, as Western
journalists and government termed it, and the further spread of communism and/or
totalitarian states in the rest of the world. U.S. foreign policy became one of
containment - essentially, stopping the spread of communism wherever it could. This
was in direct opposition to the Soviet Union's policy of fostering the spread of

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communism, especially in its Asian neighbors. The Americans then feared that the
USSR/ Communist influence that already spread over Eastern Europe, would influence
the democracies of western Europe.
29. In which year did US-Soviet relations sour significantly?
(A) 1939
(B) 1941
(C) 1945
(D) 1962
30. At which conferences did the three powers split Germany?
(A) Cairo and Tehran
(B) Yalta and Potsdam
(C) Berlin and Soviet Union
(D) The United States, the United Kingdom, and France

31`. What was the U.S. foreign policy after World War II?
(A) U.S. foreign policy became one of containment

Passage 5 Demand in Economics

The meaning of demand
(1) Demand refers to both the willingness and the ability of customers to pay a given
price to buy a product or service. The amount of a product or service demanded at
each price level is called the quantity demanded.
(2) In general, the quantity demanded falls as price rises, while the quantity demanded
rises at lower prices. Therefore, there is an inverse relationship between the price of a
product or service and the demand. This rule is known as the law of demand.
32. The word income in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………
(A) interest
(B) values
(C) wages
(D) receipt
33. What happens when the price of a good or product increases?
(A) Demand for it increases.
(B) Demand for it decreases.
(C) Demand for it makes prices lower.
(D) Demand for some luxury goods increase.
34. What happens when the price of a product or good decreases?
(A) Demand for it increases.
(B) Demand for it decreases.
(C) Demand for it makes prices lower.
(D) Demand for some luxury goods increase

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Passage 6
Visitors to Great Smokey Mountains National Park in The United States.

35. In which year was the least number of visitors?

(A) 2008
(B) 2011
(C) 2013
(D) 2018
Passage 7
What is a Network?
(1) A network is nothing more than two or more computers connected by a cable (or in
some cases, by a wireless connection) so that they can exchange information.
(2) Of course, computers can exchange information in other ways besides networks.
Most of us have used what computer nerds call the sneakernet. That' s where you copy
a file to a diskette and then walk the disk over to someone else's computer. (The term
sneakernet is typical of computer nerds' feeble attempts at humor, and why not? As a
way to transfer information, sneaker- net was pretty feeble).
(3) The whole problem with the sneakernet is that it’s slow— plus, it wears a trail in your
carpet. One day, some penny-pinching computer geeks discovered that connecting
computers together with cables was actually cheaper than replacing the carpet every
six months. Thus the modern computer network was born.

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(4) You can create a computer network by booking all the computers in your office
together with cables and installing a special network interface card (an electronic circuit
card that goes inside your computer — ouch!) in each computer so you have a place to
plug in the cable. Then you set up your computer s operating-system software to make
the network work, and — voilà — you have a working network. That's all there is to
it.
(5) If you don't want to mess with cables, you can create a wireless network instead. In a
wireless network, each computer is equipped with a special wireless network adapter that
has little rabbit-ear antennas. Thus, the computers can communicate with each other
without the need for cables.
(6) Computer networking has its own strange vocabulary. Fortunately, you don't have to
know every esoteric networking term. Here are a few basic buzzwords to get you by:
(7)Networks are often called LANs. LAN is an acronym that stands for local area
network. It's the first TLA, or three-letter acronym, that you see in this book. You don’t
really need to remember it or any of the many TLAs that follow. In fact, the only three-
letter acronym you need to remember is TLA.
(8) You may guess that a four-letter acronym is called an FLA. Wrong! A four-letter
acronym is called an ETLA, which stands for extended three-letter acronym. (After all, it
just wouldn't be right if the acronym for four-letter acronym had only three letters.)
(9) Every computer connected to the network is said to be on the network. The
technical term (which you can forget) for a computer that's on the network is a node.
(10) When a computer is turned on and can access the network. When a computer can’t
access the network, it’s offline. A computer can be offline for several reasons. The
computer can be turned off, the user may have disabled the network connection, the
computer may be broken, the cable that connects it to the network can be unplugged,
or a wad of gum can be jammed into the disk drive.
(11) When a computer is turned on working properly, it's said to be up. When a computer
is turned off, broken, or being serviced, it's said to be down. Turning off a computer is
sometimes called taking it down. Turning it back on is sometimes called bringing it up.
(12) Don't confuse local-area networks with the Internet. The Internet is a huge
amalgamation of computer networks strewn about the entire planet. Networking the
computers in your home or office so they can share information with one another and
connecting your computer to the worldwide Internet are two entirely separate things.
36. What is a three-letter acronym called?
(A) ETLA
(B) TLA
(C) LAN
(D) FTA
37. What is a four-letter acronym called?
(A) AWOL
(B) LAN
(C) FLA
(D) ETLA

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38. What is a "node"?

(A) a computer that is offline
(B) a computer that is broken
(c) a computer on the network
(D) a computer Working correctly

Passage 8
Probability and Randomness
(1)Randomness and uncertainty exist in our daily lives as well as in every discipline in
science, engineering, and technology. Probability theory is a mathematical framework
that allows us to describe and analyze random phenomena in the world around us. By
random phenomena, we mean events or experiments whose outcomes we can't predict
with certainty.
(2) Let's consider a couple of specific applications of probability in order to get some
intuition. First, let's think more carefully about what we mean by the term’s
"randomness" and "probability" in the context of one of the simplest possible random
experiments: flipping a fair coin.
(3) One way of thinking about "randomness" is that it's a way of expressing what we
don't know. Perhaps if we knew more about the force, I flipped the coin with, the initial
orientation of the coin, the impact point between my finger and the coin, the
turbulence in the air, the surface smoothness of the table the coin lands on, the
material characteristics of the coin and the table, and so on, we would be able to
definitively say whether the coin would come up heads or tails. However, in the
absence of all that information, we cannot predict the outcome of the coin flip. When
we say that something is random, we are saying that our knowledge about the
outcome is limited, so we can't be certain what will happen.
(4) Since the coin is fair, if we don't know anything about how it was flipped, the
probability that it will come up heads is 50%, or 12. What exactly do we mean by this?
There are two common interpretations of the word "probability." One is in terms of
relative frequency. In other words, if we flip the coin a very large number of times, it will
come up heads about 12 of the time. As the number of coin flips increases, the
proportion that come up heads will tend to get closer and closer to 12. In fact, this
intuitive understanding of probability is a special case of the law of large numbers,
which we will state and prove formally in later chapters of the book.
(5) A second interpretation of probability is that it is a quantification of our degree of
subjective personal belief that something will happen. To get a sense of what we mean
by this, it may be helpful to consider a second example: predicting the weather. When
we think about the chances that it will rain today, we consider things like whether there
are clouds in the sky and the humidity. However, the beliefs that we form based on
these factors may vary from person to person - different people may make different
estimates of the probability that it will rain. Often these two interpretations of
probability coincide - for instance, we may base our personal beliefs about the chance

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that it will rain on an assessment of the relative frequency of rain on days with
conditions like today.
(6) The beauty of probability theory is that it is applicable regardless of the
interpretation of probability that we use (i.e., in terms of long-run frequency or degree
of belief). Probability theory provides a solid framework to study random phenomena.
It starts by assuming axioms of probability, and then building the entire theory using
mathematical arguments.
39. What is one important idea related to "randomness" that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (3)?
(A) interpretation
(C) probability
(C) doubt
(D) math
40. What is one important idea related to probability that the writer mentions in
Paragraph (4)?
(A) interpretation
(B) experiment
(C) knowledge
(D) result

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Model 35
Passage 1
The fire
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's
arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe
the tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire
destroyed, the more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other
smokejumpers to build a firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster
that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it
would jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would
have to start all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet
with sweat. He was too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting
the fire. He turned his head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man
was not brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he
forgot about himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others
with whom he was working.
21) According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ……..
a) He had sweat all over him.
b) He was covered with back ash.
c) Ben did not give him much help.
d) He had given so much to fight the fire.
22) According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves ……
a) working with proper tools
b) avoiding fire hazards
c) losing one's courage
d) caring for others
23) The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………
a) Ben
b) Mike
c) a fireman
d) a man

Passage 2
Giant Panda
(1) An American-born giant panda will soon be traveling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip

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to China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
(2) Chinese zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan
Chinese. The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in
Sichuan, want to help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new
environment. Mei Lan has lived at a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her
birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese. The teacher must have a bachelor's degree
or higher and be fluent in both English and Chinese.
24) According to Paragraph (2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese?
a) so that she can speak with her caretakers
b) so that she will feel at home in China
c) so that she can forget her English
d) so that she will like her new diet
25) According to Paragraph (2), where has Mei Lan been living?
a) in Sichuan, China
b) in Atlanta, Georgia
c) in an American research center
d) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center

Passage 3
COVID-19
1- The COVID-19 Pandemic has blindsided many businesses and with very good
reason. Amidst the Chaos and uncertainty, only the nimble and flexible have the
greatest hope for survival. There are Different approaches that could help
businesses respond or thrive in the current COVID-19 climate and social media
marketing plays a key role in the successful implementation of these approaches.
2- With most of the population staying at home it is important, wherever possible, for
businesses to Adapt to their customers’ changing requirements and desires; to
adjust their offerings to help their customers engage with their brand and products
from home due to the current circumstances. This Means making purchasing online
or over the phone, a simple and convenient process and home Delivery readily
available and affordable. Online shopping has become significantly important since
the spread of Covid 19 in 2020. Only those businesses which could adapt their
advertisements to the Change of their customers’ needs could thrive while others
faded away and vanished.
3- Creating a paid advertising campaign on social media platforms such as Facebook
and Instagram can be highly targeted to reach people within a specific geographical
area, from specific age groups and with interests relating directly to your brand.
Also, remember to have the Facebook pixel installed in your website so that ads can
be retargeted to people who have visited your website. This is the most cost-
effective way to advertise on Facebook and Instagram.

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4- Now is the time to increase your social media activities to help and entertain
customers while they are stuck at home. Creating helpful content to show
customers how they can get by at home until they can use your products again, is
one of the best ways to strengthen customer relations.
5- Depending on your business, helpful content could be recipes coming from a cafe
or restaurant, home workouts from a gym, home treatments from a beauty
therapist. Of course, it needs to be relevant and appropriate for your business.
6- Customers will be grateful that you provided a fun and useful experience for them
while they have been stuck at home. In fact, the Edelman Trust Barometer Special
Report also found that since the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic more than
one-third of consumers (82% in China, 60% in India) said that they have started
using a new brand because of the innovative or compassionate way that it has
responded." It also showed that in Britain, about 30% of online sales increased in
February, 2020 demonstrating the efficient value of social media marketing.
26) What is important for business to do when marketing?
a) Keep up with the changing needs and wants of customer
b) To warn customers from the insecurity of online shopping
c) To stop marketing until the end of Covid 19
d) To keep the traditional ways of marketing without any changes
27) What does desires mean in paragraph 2?
a) Choices
b) Interests
c) Requirements
d) Necessities
28) What does the paragraph say about Covid 19 and online shopping?
a) It has gone down.
b) There hasn’t been a difference.
c) It changed significantly in 2020.
d) There was an insignificant increase in online shopping.
29) What % did online sales in the UK increase to in February of 2020?
a) 3%
b) 33%
c) 13%
d) 30%
30) What does the paragraph 6 say about social media marketing?
a) It is effective.
b) It is wasteful.
c) It is terrible.
d) It is useless.

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Passage 4
Crime
1- In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other
authority. The term Crime does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and
universally accepted definition, though Statutory definitions have been provided for
certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is A category created by law;
in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and
applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal
offence) is an illegal Act that is harmful not only to some individual but also to a
community, society, or the state (“a public Wrong”). Such acts are forbidden and
punishable by law. Therefore, an act is a crime only when it is in Violation of criminal
law.
2- The notion that acts such as murder, rape, and theft are to be prohibited exists
worldwide. What Precisely is a criminal offence is defined by the criminal law of each
relevant jurisdiction. While many Have a catalogue of crimes called the criminal
code, in some common law nations no such Comprehensive statute exists. So, it
would be a great move if the countries all over the world would Agree on a clearer
and more comprehensive definition of the word, crime.
31) What is a fact according to the writer?
A. Crime is a general term.
B. Crime is a very accurate term that encompasses all possible crimes.
C. There is an agreement among countries on what crime is at all.
D. A crime is a wrongdoing against individuals only.
32) What are alternate words used for illegal acts?
A. Purpose and statutory
B. Offence and community
C. Crime and violation
D. Violation and criminal law
33) What does the writer think about the definition of crime?
a. It is very clear and accurate.
b. It can be made clearer.
c. It is perfect.
d. It includes all the crimes that exist.

Passage 5
Sugar
When you eat or drink too much sugar, the extra insulin in your bloodstream can affect
your arteries All over your body. It causes their walls to get inflamed, grow thicker than
normal and stiffer, this Stresses your heart and damages it over time. This can lead to
heart disease, like heart failure, heart Attacks, and strokes.
34) What health problem does sugar cause?
a. Your bloodstream
b. It causes low blood pressure.

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c. It causes heart diseases.

d. It causes stress

Passage 6 Vitamin D
1- Vitamin D or the sunshine vitamin is an important nutrient for the body.
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to weak bones and increase risk of osteoporosis, bone
pain and arthritis. And if a new study is to be believed, then the vitamin can lead to
aggressive behavior in adolescents. Conducted by researchers at the University of
Michigan, the study found a link between Vitamin D deficiency in young kids to
aggression in their adolescent age. The sunshine vitamin is synthesized in the body in
the presence of sunlight.
2- The body needs it to absorb calcium and make bones stronger. That’s why the
people living in Antarctica suffer from vitamin D deficiency because there isn’t enough
sunlight. In a study that was carried in Antarctica, 90% of the 130 expeditioners had a
lower bone density at the hip by 2%.
35) What does vitamin D deficiency lead to?
A. weaker bones
B. denser bones
C. relaxation
D. adolescence
36) Why do countries in the Antarctica have a vitamin D deficiency?
A. because it is the southernmost continent.
B. because it has a lot of snow.
C. There isn’t enough sunlight.
D. People there eat a lot of fish

Passage 7
Livestock farming
1- The livestock sector is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural
economy, particularly in the developing world. The global demand for meat, including
beef, pork, chicken, and lamb, has tripled in the past 50 years – due primarily to a
growing global population. This increased demand for meat is paralleled by rising
temperatures and sea levels, i.e. global warming.
2- While on the surface these might seem like two separate phenomena, a closer look
reveals the undeniable link between meat production and climate change. The
relationship between the livestock industry – the rearing of animals to produce dairy
and meat products – and climate change is becoming more apparent with population
growth and globalization influencing a global shift towards the so-called Western Diet,
which is basically pounds and pounds of meat (usually red meat) paired with high
amounts of saturated fat and sugar.
3- A new study adds to the evidence that eating red meat on a regular basis may
shorten your lifespan. Past research has tied red meat to increased risks of diabetes,

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cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The studies have also pointed to an
elevated risk of mortality from red meat intake.
4- Factory farms are the largest user of land resources globally with 80% of total
agricultural land used to grow the crops that feed animals. On a global scale, a meat-
based diet requires almost three times more land than a plant-based diet. As
populations continue to grow and meat demand increases, more and more
deforestation is likely to occur, too, to make room for pasture lands for beef cattle.
Forests are crucial to maintaining biodiversity in wildlife and also are important carbon
sink lands, absorbing carbon dioxide from the environment.
5- Cutting down trees releases all the absorbed CO2 – putting it back into the
atmosphere – and irrevocably damages wildlife habitats – contributing to an increase in
endangered species by rupturing whole ecosystems paired with biodiversity loss. Meat
Production uses a lot of water; approximately 10% of water flow worldwide is used for
rearing livestock. This is a considerable amount when we consider the threat of water
scarcity as populations increase and climate-change induced droughts become more
frequent.
6- While the consequences of climate change are immense and often difficult to digest,
being more informed about the impact of your individual choices can make all the
difference. Knowing the meat and dairy industry’s negative environmental impact might
give you the motivation you need to reduce your animal product consumption and
welcome more greens and grains into your diet. However, the grain prices keep rising
due to the livestock farming which make it even harder for the poor to afford them.
This cycle gets vicious with the passing of time: the increased prices of grains increase
the prices of the livestock feeding and thus products, as well. To break this cycle, it is
advisable for people to cut down on eating red meat to help reduce not only grains
prices, global warming but also water consumption.
37) What does paragraph 2 say about livestock farming regarding the environment?
A. It causes global warming.
B. It causes population growth.
C. It causes a global shift towards the Western Diet.
D. It causes a decrease in temperature.
38) What do paragraphs 2 and 3 say about eating too much red meat?
A. It hurts the animals.
B. It is good for reducing global warming.
C. It is healthy.
D. It is unhealthy.
39) What does paragraph 5 say about livestock Farming?
A. It releases CO2.
B. It wastes too much water.
C. It produces 10% of water.
D. It doesn’t need much water.
40) What does paragraph 6 say about livestock farming affecting poor?
A. It provides the poor with the needed nutrition.

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B. It is too expensive for the poor to buy.

C. It increases the price of grains so the poor can no longer afford it.
D. The poor can afford buying the red meat.

Passage (8)
Globalization ‫اﻟﻌﻮﻟﻤﺔ‬
(1) Many people think globalization is a new phenomenon. In fact, this process has
been happening for thousands of years. For example, some very old Chinese
artifacts have been found in North and South America, and antique Arabian money
has been found as far north as Norway.
(2) What is even more remarkable is how quickly plants from the New World became
staples in the Old World. Hungarian cooking. For example, is famous for use of red
peppers, and the Irish and famous for eating potatoes. Indian food is an even better
example. People in many countries now often eat Indian food. They seem to enjoy
the idea that is the "traditional" but what is really in it? In many "traditional" Indian
dishes, you will probably find potatoes, tomatoes, squash, corn, and sweet peppers.
Your food may be cooked in peanut oil and have peanuts and cashew nuts
sprinkled on top. For dessert you may have guavas or papaya.
(3) We think of all this food as "traditional" Indian food. Yet sailors brought all these
plants to India from America on ships after 1500. We can also assume that they took
a long time to spread and become popular in their new homes. So really, they are
not that traditional - they are relatively new. And the same is true for traditional
food in many places. The chili pepper for instance is a main part of the diet from
South Africa to Hungary, from Mexico to Spain, to Yemen to India to China, but it
originated in the Americas. So Globalization is really nothing new. We can learn a
lot about globalization today by studying patterns of globalization in the past. It is a
process that has been happening since man began to trade.
41) According to paragraph (1). Globalization is often assumed to be a recent
development. In fact, globalization ……………..
a) Originated with the Chinese
b) Went as far north as Norway
c) Has been going on for a long time
d) Is evidenced in North and South America
42) In paragraph (1). Discovered artifacts and antiques came originally from ............"
a) China and Arabia
b) Norway and China
c) North and South America
d) Arabia and North America
43) The word antiques in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ......."
a) Traditional
b) Very distant
c) Metallic
d) Very Old

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44) According to paragraph (3), where did most of the plants mentioned in the
passage originate?
a) In North America
b) In Asia and the Americas
c) In North and South America
d) In North America And Europe
45) How does the author use a discussion of plants?
a) To show how they can add variety to our diet
b) To show how quickly new ones spread
c) As an example of globalization
d) To describe Indian food
46) If the passage continued it would probably show why globalization.......
a) Was uncommon in the Old World
b) Was irrelevant to some societies
c) Is important today
d) Is to be discarded

Passage (9)
The Suez Canal ‫ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ‬
(1) The Official Opening of The Suez Canal was on November 17, 1869. Representatives
of almost every European royal family attended the inauguration celebration. Ships
from France, Russia, Austria, Italy, Britain and the United States sailed through the
canal. The total cost of the project was an estimated $105 million, which at the time
was a lot of money. This was more than twice the original estimate. But it was a tiny
sum compared with the cost of a similar project today.

47) by modern standards building the canal was ...........

a) Extremely inefficient
b) Very time- consuming
c) Extremely inexpensive
d) Very important politically.
48) The canal was most important to the ..............
a) Europeans
b) Egyptians
c) Americans
d) Arab world

Passage (10) Dictionaries ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻣﻴﺲ‬

(1) Luis wrote a paper for his course in field methods. He asked students how they
used dictionaries and compared their success in learning English.
(2) The conclusions of his research are as follows: students who said they never or
hardly ever used dictionaries often spoke English well but usually wrote poorly

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because they made many spelling mistakes. The ones who looked up very
unfamiliar word read very slowly.
(3) Therefore, they did not have time to read much. Those who used small
two-language dictionaries had the worst problems. Their dictionaries often gave
only one or two words as a translation of English. Because one English word often
has meanings in English. These dictionaries did not give enough information.

49) What is the best title for this passage?

a) Field Methods Course
b) Effective Dictionary Use
c) Students spelling Problems
d) Using Dictionaries for writing
50) The word they in Paragraph (3) refers to ............
a) Words
b) Students
c) Meanings
d) Dictionaries
51) Students who learned English best ................
a) Used NO dictionary
b) Used a dictionary less often
c) Looked up every word carefully
d) Used small two-language dictionaries

Passage (11)
Stress ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
(1) We generally use the word "stress" when we feel that everything seems to have
become too much. We are overloaded and wonder whether we really can cope with
the demands placed upon us. Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our
well-being is a stress at all, many say our lives would be boring and would probably
feel pointless. However, when the stresses affect both our mental and physical
health they are bad.
(2) The way we respond to a challenge may also be a type of stress. Part of our
response to a challenge is physiological and affects our physical state. When faced
with a challenge or a threat, our body activates resources to protect us; to either get
away as fast as we can. Or fight. This is known as our 'fight-or-flight' response.
(3) If you are upstairs at home and an earthquake starts, the faster you can get yourself,
and anyone else who might be at home, out the more likely you are all to survive. If
you need to save somebody's life during that earthquake by lifting a heavy weight
that has fallen on them. You will need parts of your body to be activated to give you
more strength.
(4) To do this, our body produces larger quantities of the chemicals cortisol, adrenaline
and noradrenaline, which trigger it to have a higher heart rate. Heightened muscle

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Passage (12)
Bees ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬
(1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38) and that
they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and work together to
produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more than 1,400 years afterwards,
has accepted that this information is indeed correct. Now, scientists in the United
Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures may also have feelings and
emotions similar to those of humans.
(2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent
years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many
explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of disease
and pesticides. Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers. At any rate,
this is a very serious situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At least one-third of
the world's crops depend on bees. Farmers are worried. What about the bees? How do
they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?
(3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells.
After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell, they
were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with the sweet
prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see what the bees
would do if they were put in a stressful situation. They shook up half of the bees, to make
them think they were in danger. These stressed bees refused to put out their tongues for
new smells, and only chose the old smell which they knew would be followed by a sweet
treat. Even though there was an equal chance that a strange smell would taste good, it
seemed they believed it would taste bad and were afraid to try it. These bees had become
“pessimists". The other half-the unstressed bees-were much more likely to try tastes from
new smells, thus remaining “optimists”.
(4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of
the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the feelings
of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood disorders. This
knowledge, along with further investigations into bee behavior and "feelings" can
hopefully be used to understand and remedy their declining numbers, for their sake and
for ours.

58) The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
(A) bees
(B) insects
(C) scientists
(D) communities
59) Why are bees important to humans?
(A) They have communities and can communicate.
(B) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
(C) They are becoming more numerous than us.
(D) They have feelings like us.

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60) Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
(A) Paragraph (1)
(B) Paragraph (2)
(C) Paragraph (3)
(D) Paragraph (4)

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Model 36
Passage 1 OS (‫)ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬
(1) A computer is a set of resources for the movement, storage, and processing of
data and for the control of these functions. The OS is responsible for managing these
resources.
(2) Can we say that it is the OS that controls the movement, storage, and processing
of data? From one point of view, the answer is yes: By managing the computer's
resources, the OS is in control of the computer's basic functions. But this control is
exercised in a curious way. Normally, we think of a control mechanism as something
external to that which is controlled, or at least as something that is a distinct and separate
part of that which is controlled. For example, a residential heating system is controlled
by a thermostat, which is separate from the heat-generation and heat-distribution
apparatus.) This is not the case with the OS which as a control mechanism is unusual in
two respects:
භ The OS functions is the same way as ordinary computer software; that is, it is a
program or suite of programs executed by the processor.
භ The OS frequently relinquishes control and must depend on the processor to allow
it to regain control.
(3) Like other computer programs, the OS provides instructions for the processor.
The key difference is in the intent of the program. The OS directs the processor in the
use of the other system resources and in the timing of its execution of other programs;
But in order for the processor to do any of these things, it must cease executing, the OS
program and execute other programs. Thus, the OS relinquishes control for the processor
to do some "useful" work and then resumes control long enough to prepare the
processor to do the next piece of work.
21) What was the writer's main purpose?
a) To convince
b) To entertain
c) To inform
d) To complain
22) What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
a) The OS controls all computer programs alone.
b) The OS is separate from the system it controls.
c) The OS needs to be to have a break from its work.
d) The OS works like other computer software.

Passage 2 (‫)ا��ذن اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬

(1) Within the inner ear, thousands of hair cells detect sound waves and translate
them into nerve signals that allow us to hear speech, music, and other everyday sounds.
Damage to these cells is one of the leading causes of hearing loss, which affects 48 million
Americans.

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(2) Each of us is born with about 15,000 hair cells per ear. And once damaged. These
cells cannot regrow. However. Researches at MIT. Brigham and Women's Hospital. And
Massachusetts Eye and Ear have now discovered a combination of drugs that expands
the population of progenitor cells also called supporting cells) in the ear and encourages
them to become hair cells, offering a potential new way to treat hearing loss.
(3) Because this treatment involves a simple drug exposure, the researchers believe
it could be easy to administer it to human patients. They envision that the drugs could
be injected into the middle ear. From which they would diffuse across a membrane into
the inner ear. This type of injection is commonly performed to treat ear infections.
(4) Hearing loss is a real problem as people get older. It's very much of an unmet
need, and this is an entirely new approach.
23) What is the author's main purpose?
a) To explain
b) To inform
c) To convince
d) To teach medicine
24) What is one important idea that the author mentions?
a) Men are more likely to suffer from hearing loss.
b) The treatment is injected into the middle ear.
c) Hearing loss affects 48 million Americans.
d) Damaged hair cells cause hearing loss.
25) What is one important idea that the author mentions?
a) Damaged hair cells cannot regrow.
b) Researchers at MIT completed a study.
c) Each person is born with 15,000 hair cells.
d) The treatment can also treat ear infections.

Passage 3
Compensating Differentials
(‫)اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ واﺧﺘ��ف ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﺪل ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬
(1) Jobs that are dangerous or unpleasant must pay more than jobs requiring similar
skills but without the bad attributes. Thus, oil field workers in Alaska's North Slope, well
above the Arctic Circle, earn a premium over workers in similar jobs in Houston, Texas.
The premium – or differential pay – must be such that the marginal worker is indifferent
between the two choices – the extra pay compensates the worker for the adverse
working conditions. This is why it is known in economics jargon by the phrase of a
compensating differential.
(2) The high salaries earned by professional basketball players are not a compensating
differential. These salaries are not created by a need to induce tall people to choose
basketball over alternative jobs like painting ceilings, but instead are payments that
reflect the rarity of the skills and abilities involved. Compensating differentials are
determined by alternatives, not by direct scarcity. Professional basketball players are

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well-paid for the same reason that Picasso's paintings are expensive: there aren't very
many of them relative to demand.
(3) A compensating differential is a feature of other choices as well as career choices.
For example, many people would like to live in California. for its weather and scenic
beauty. Given the desirability of California over, say, Lincoln, Nebraska or Rochester,
New York, there must be a compensating differential for living in Rochester, and two
significant ones are air quality and housing prices. Air quality worsens as populations
rise thus, tending to create a compensating differential. In addition, the increase in
housing prices also tends to compensate – housing is inexpensive in Rochester, at least
compared to California.

26) what does paragraph (1) say about Houston, Texas?

a) It is colder in winter than Alaska
b) It has many more jobs than Alaska
c) It has much higher salaries than Alaska
d) It is easier to work there than in Alaska
27) What does Paragraph (1) say about oil field workers in Alaska?
a) They have different choices from Houston workers
b) They have more holidays than Houston workers
c) They have better salaries than Houston workers
d) They have more skills than Houston workers
28) What does Paragraph (2) say about why basketball players have high salaries?
a) There are few excellent players
b) Few people choose basketball
c) It is a difficult job
d) They are tall
29) What does Paragraph (3) say about California?
a) It has good air quality
b) It has high house prices
c) It has a lot of oil workers
d) It has many well-paid jobs
30) What does Paragraph (3) say about Rochester?
a) Homes are more expensive there than in California
b) There is less air pollution there than in California
c) The weather is colder there than in California
d) The homes are better there than in California
31) Which sentience gives the main idea of paragraph (3)?
a) In addition the increase in housing prices also tends to compensate
b) Many people would like to live in California, for its weather and scenic beauty.
c) A compensating differential is a feature of other choices as well as career
choices.
d) Air quality worsens as populations rise, thus tending to create a compensating
differential.

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32) What is the main idea of the passage?

a) People have many different choices in their lives
b) Compensating differentials have an effect on people's life choices
c) Unpleasant and difficult jobs often have higher salaries than easy jobs
d) Compensating differentials mean some people work in difficult places.

Passage 4 External and Internal Recruiting

(‫)اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ داﺧﻞ او ﺧﺎرج اﻟ��ﻛﺔ‬
Passage A: External Recruiting
(1) External recruiting is the attempt to attract job applicants from outside an
organization. External recruiting may include recruiting via newspaper advertising,
employment agencies, and online employment organizations; recruiting on college
campuses, soliciting recommendations from present employees; and conducting «open
houses». The biggest of the online job-search sites is Monster.com, which has almost all
the Fortune 500 companies, as well as small and medium-sized businesses, as clients. In
addition, many people simply apply at a firm's employment office.
(2) Clearly, it is best to match the recruiting means with the kind of applicant being
sought. For example, private employment agencies most often handle professional
people, whereas public employment agencies (operated by state or local governments)
are more concerned with operations personnel. We might approach a private agency
when looking for a vice president but contact a public agency to hire a machinist.
Procter and Gamble hires graduates directly out of college. It picks the best and
brightest – not those «tainted» by another company's culture. It promotes its own
«inside» people. This policy makes sure that the company retains the best and brightest
and trains new recruits. Procter and Gamble pays competitively and offers positions in
many countries. Employee turnover is very low.
(3) The primary advantage of external recruiting is that it brings in people with new
perspectives and varied business backgrounds. A disadvantage of external recruiting is
that it is often expensive, especially if private employment agencies must be used.
External recruiting also may provoke resentment among present employees.

Passage B: Internal Recruiting

(1) Internal recruiting means considering present employees. Among leading companies
promoted from within. In the companies that hire CEOs from outside, 40 percent of
CEOs are gone after 18 months.
(2) Promoting from within provides strong motivation for current employees and helps
the firm to retain quality personnel. General Electric, ExxonMobil, and Eastman Kodak
are companies dedicated to promoting from within. The practice of job posting, or
informing current employees of upcoming openings, may be a company policy or
required by union contract. The primary disadvantage of internal recruiting is that
promoting a current employee leaves another position to be filled. Not only does the

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firm still incur recruiting and selection costs, but it also must train two employees
instead of one.
(3) In many situations it may be impossible to recruit internally. For example, a new
position may be such that no current employee is qualified, or the firm may be growing
so rapidly that there is no time to reassign positions that promotion or transfer
requires. Unions are culturally specific to countries other than Saudi Arabia, so test
takers may not be familiar with the «union contract».
33) How many of Britain's CEOs were educated in private schools in 2015?
a) around 38%
b) around 55%
c) around 70%
d) around 87%
34) According to Passages A and B, what is the benefit of promoting within a
company?
a) It helps companies retain the best employees
b) It leaves other positions to be filled
c) It increases employee turnover
d) It is NOT expensive
35) What can we understand from Passages A and B about recruiting?
a) Recruiting causes resentment among employees
b) Companies have to spend money to recruit
c) It is impossible to recruit internally
d) Recruiting good employees is a long process
36) What can we understand from Passages A and B about promoting employees?
a) 40% of CEOs are promoted from within
b) Companies set policies for hiring their own employees
c) A transfer to a position at the same level is NOT allowed
d) Employees promoted from within usually leave after 18 months
37) What can we understand from both passages about internal and external
recruiting?
a) They both require the use of employment agencies
b) They both require companies to pay high salaries
c) They both involve training employees
d) They both provide opportunities to work in other countries

Passage 5 - Loss of Energy (‫)ﻓﻘﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

(1) No system can be perfect in the way it operates. Whenever there is a change in a
system, energy is transferred and some of that energy is dissipated.
(2) Dissipation is a term that is often used to describe ways in which energy is wasted.
Any energy that is not transferred to useful energy stores is said to be wasted because
it is lost to the Surroundings. Electrical cables Warming up are a good example of this.

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It is not useful to have hot wires behind a television as energy is dissipated to the
surrounding air.
(3) In a mechanical system, energy is dissipated when two surfaces rub together, work is
done against friction which camass heading of the two surface – so the internal
(thermal) energy of the surface increases adding Lubricant between the surfaces reduce
this friction and so less heat is wasted, like on a conveyor belt for example.
(4) In an electrical context – new types of components can be more energy – efficient,
for example, using LED light bulbs as opposed to filament lamps causes less energy to
be wasted. Normally. Energy is lost by heating up the surroundings though sometimes
energy is dissipated as sound waves.
38) What's the writer's main purpose?
a) to compare
b) to inform
c) to advise
d) to convince
39) What is one important point that the writer mentions?
a) That oil can make conveyor belts work better.
b) That energy can be wasted in the form of sound waves.
c) That hot electrical cables can result in wasted energy.
d) That moving one surface against another causes energy waste.
40) What is one important point that the writer mentions?
a) That various electrical parts save energy to different degrees.
b) That hot television cables can cause waste of energy.
c) That LED lights save energy more than other lamps.
d) That governments are more careful about saving energy now.

Passage 6 Defining Design Problems (‫)ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬

Basic engineering design includes defining the problem as a first step. In the problem
definition step, the needs of potential customers are investigated. potential competitors
are identified and their market positions are characterized: constraints imposed by
government regulations or technological limitations are identified, and constraints on
the design effort such as available personnel, time, and money are established. The
problem definition process results in a clear understanding of the scope of the design
project and the resources available to solve the design problem. This understanding is
often expressed in a problem statement. This understanding is also expressed in the
form of criteria and constraints.
41) The word potential in the passage is closest in meaning to ……
a) new
b) private
c) regular
d) possible
42) The word criteria in the passage is closest in manning to ……

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a) Standards
b) resources
c) goals
d) benefits
Passage 7 Pyramids
Pyramids were constructed by large work gangs over a period of many years. The
Pyramid Age spans over a thousand years, starting in the third dynasty and ending in
the Second Intermediate Period. The Greek historian Herodotus was told that it took
100,000 men 20 years to build the Great Pyramid at Giza. Scholars today, however,
think it may have been built by only 20,000 men over 20 years.
One theory suggests that causeways were used to haul the stone blocks on wooden
sleds up the side of the pyramids. The ramps were lubricated with water to reduce
friction when hauling the blocks. As few as 10 men were needed to drag a stone block
up a ramp. There may have been several ramps on each side of the pyramid at different
levels, and a ramp may have been coiled around the pyramid as it grew in height. Once
a stone block reached its desired level, wooden rockers may have been used to
manoeuvre it into position.
The Ramp Theory is considered by far the most accepted by the Egyptology
community who believe that the pyramid was made by sheer will and human power
suing a massive workforce and incredible intelligence in transporting the stones across
the desert through sleds and ropes. They used wet sand to drag the stones to reduce
the fraction and make the dragging process easier.
43) How many workers did they need to build the pyramids?
a) 100.000 men, 20 years
44) How did they build the pyramids?
b) As 10 men were needed to drag a stone.
45) what did they use to build the pyramids?
c) wet Sand fraction

Passage (8) Pizza

1- Pizza, which originated in Italy. Is a fast food that is known and loved all around the
world. How did it become so popular? Part of the reason is that tourists who went
to Italy ate it there and loved it. When they returned to their countries, They looked
for Italian restaurants that might have it. But much more significant in pizza
becoming popular worldwide that fact that lots of American soldiers who were in
Italy during World War II ate it there and then wanted it when they returned to the
USA. This dramatic increase in the demand for pizza in the 1950s led to the
development of special restaurants for pizza.
2 - A shaky pizza parlor opened in California in 1954 which led to the first pizza
restaurant chain that spread throughout the USA and even to other countries. Soon
after that, in 1958, Two young men opened a Pizza Hut in Kanas. Now there are
Pizza Huts all over the world. Other Pizza restaurants chains soon developed. For
example. Domino's Pizza can be found all over the world. Papa John's Pizza has also

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become quite popular. This ever growing demand for pizza led to a market for
ready-to-bake frozen pizzas in supermarkets. Now pizzas can easily be enjoyed not
only in restaurants. But also at home and even in school and hospital cafeterias.
3 - Pizza is a kind of dish that can adapt well in different societies. The ingredients
for pizza can change to fit the taste and desires of a particular culture. The key
reason enabling it to gain worldwide popularity. Vegetarians – there are many in
India and other countries – can simply ask for vegetables only on a pizza. Beef, Pork,
Lamb, or goat – the choice of meat differs from country to country – can be used.
Those who like spicy food can add their favorite spices. Dessert pizzas are readily
available with or without fruit. Seafood? No problem. Add to this variety of
ingredients the different styles of pizza: deep dish, thin crust, stuffed crust, and the
result is a dish that is adaptable to everyone's taste.
4- While pizza is not exactly a health food since it tends to be high in calories. It can
in fact contain a decent amount of vitamins and minerals due to the wide range of
possible ingredients. Pizza can therefore be nutritious. All of these factors help explain
the worldwide popularity of pizza.
46) The word there in paragraph 1 refers to……………
a) the united states
b) a pizza restaurant
c) Italy
d) the world
47) According to paragraph (2), the first pizza parlor opened in ......
a) 1954 in California
b) 1954 in Kansas
c) 1958 in California
d) 1958 in Kansas
48) According to paragraph (2), supermarkets began to offer frozen pizzas because
they ........
a) Are healthier than other pizzas
b) Contain a variety of ingredients
c) Wanted to compete with restaurants
d) Wanted to meet the increased demand
49) According to paragraph (3), the main reason for pizzas becoming popular
worldwide is their ability to ................
a) Adapt to different cultures
b) Appeal to vegetarians
c) Have different crusts
d) NOT to spoil quickly
50) According to paragraph (4) Pizza can have a fair amount of vitamins and minerals
because it has…………………..
a) A variety of ingredients
b) A lot of cheese
c) Crunchy crust

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d) Different styles
51) According to paragraph (4), Pizza is NOT a good example of a health food
because it is .........
a) Low in fat
b) High in calories
c) Short of carbohydrates
d) Short of grains
52) What is the best title for the passage?
a) Pizza Hut
b) Preparing Pizza
c) The Popularity of Pizza
d) How Pizza Came to America

Passage (9) ‫ﻣﺪاﺋﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬

1) In 2008, Mada'inSaleh was made a UNESCO World Heritage site. This means that it
has become recognized as a place of historical and cultural importance in the world.
It is the only one of Saudi Arabia's 4,000 archeological sites to be honored in this
way.
2) Mada'inSaleh is located about 400 kilometers north-west of Medina. Its early history
is well known by all Muslims. The Holy Quran tells us how its people were punished
by Allah. The site had been settled by the tribe of Thamud. When prophet Saleh –
Peace be upon him – warned them to stop their bad practices and to obey Allah.
They refused to listen to him. They killed a sacred camel that was sent to them.
Finally. He – peace be upon him- told the Thamud that if they did not change their
ways and repent in three days. They would be destroyed. They disbelieved and paid
no attention to his words. So he – peace be upon him – and the true believers left
the city. The rest were all killed by
terrible lightning and an earthquake.
3) The buildings and monuments that we can see today at Mada'inSaleh are from a
later time and are remnants of the great Nabatean Kingdom. Other famous
buildings of this civilization are found in northern Syria and in Petra in Jordan.
Which was the Nabatean capital. The Nabateans also developed a system of
agriculture by digging wells and storing water underground. At Mada'inSaleh. There
are wonderful examples of their rock- cut tombs. The facades decorated with
elaborately carved designs. The dry desert climate has helped to preserve the
buildings and keep them in excellent condition.
53) According to paragraph (1), why is Mada'inSaleh important in Saudi Arabia and the
world today?
a) It is a great historical and cultural site.
b) It is part of the Nabatean Kingdom.
c) It has caravan routes and trade.
d) It is located near Medina.

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54) The word sites in Paragraph (1) is closet in meaning to ………….

a) Civilization
b) Places
c) Tribes
d) Cultures
55) The pronoun Its in Paragraph (2) refers to ......................"
a) Medina
b) The Thamud
c) Mada'inSaleh
d) The Holy Quran
56) According to Paragraph (2), Prophet Saleh – peace be upon him – left
Mada'inSaleh because he ................"
a) Wanted to warn the other people
b) Did NOT want Medina to be destroyed
c) Wanted to see the lightning and earthquake
d) Did NOT want the believers to be destroyed
57) According to Paragraph (3), Petra..................
a) Is a successful commercial city
b) Was the Nabatean capital
c) Was the capital of Jordan
d) Is in northern Syria
58) Which of the following did the Nabteans NOT do?
a) Carve decorations in Medina
b) Make wells and store water
c) Build cities in Syria and Jordan
d) Build rock tombs and monuments

Passage (10) Penicillin

(1) Penicillin is a powerful drug used for treating many diseases caused by bacteria. It is
grown from molds and was the first of the drugs known as antibiotics. Penicillin was
discovered in 1928 by a British scientist named Sir Alexander Fleming. Through
other had earlier noted its antibacterial effects. At the time, its importance was not
realized. In 1939, Australian scientist Howard Walter Florey and a team of
researchers at the University of Oxford made significant progress in showing the
bacterial action of penicillin.
59) Penicillin was discovered by ....................
a) A team of researchers at Oxford University
b) A team of Australian researchers
c) Fleming
d) Florey

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Passage (11) Madagascar ‫ﻣﺪﻏﺸﻘﺮ‬

Madagascar is world-famous for its lemurs, primates that look something like a cat
crossed with a squirrel and a dog. These animals are unique to the island and
display a range of interesting behaviors. The ring-tailed lemur, the most
recognizable of the species, relies strongly on its sense of smell and marks its
territory with scent glands.

60) The word its in the passage refers to ................

a) Ring-tailed lemur
b) Behavior
c) Species
d) range

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Model 37
WĂƐƐĂŐĞϭ

21) Which fast food restaurant is most popular for adults?

a) Burger King
b) McDonalds
c) Hardees
d) KFC
22) Which fast food restaurant is most popular?
a) McDonalds
b) Hardees
c) Herfy
d) KFC

Passage 2 The Empty Quarter Desert ‫ﺻﺤﺮاء اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ‬

1) The Empty Quarter is the largest sand desert in the world. It is largely unexplored and
virtually uninhabited. Even the Bedouins only skirt its edges. The first documented
journeys made by Westerners to the Empty Quarter were those made by Bertram
Thomas in 1931 and St. John Philby in 1932.
2) Summer temperature range from below freezing at night to over 60 degrees Celsius
at noon. It may well be the most forbidding environment on Earth. However, life still

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flourishes there. Many forms of both animal and plant life can be found throughout
the Empty Quarter.
3) A team of mostly Saudi scientists, as well as some experts from abroad, explored
the Empty Quarter in February of 2006. The expedition led to the discovery of 31
new plants varieties as well as 24 species of birds that inhabit the desert. Scientists
were fascinated as to how they manage to survive in the harsh conditions of the
Empty Quarter. Such findings led the geologists to nickname the area the Valuable
Quarter.
4) Probably the Empty Quarter is most famous for its vast oil fields. Sheyba Field, in the
very middle of the Empty Quarter, is a major oil-producing site. Ghawwar Field is
the largest oil field in the world. Although it is not entirely in the Empty Quarter.

23) Concerning the Empty Quarter, what was Bertram Thomas the first Westerner to do?
a) Buy documents about it
b) Visit and write about it
c) Read about it
d) Fly over it
24) What can be said about the temperature in the Empty Quarter during the summer?
a) It does NOT very a lot.
b) It says above zero at night.
c) It drops to below zero at night.
d) It is mild during the day and cool at night.
25) What were the scientists amazed by when they visited the Empty Quarter?
a) The huge area
b) The unbearable temperature
c) The struggle of birds and plants to live
d) The good time they spent with each other
26) Where is Sheyba Field?
a) Outside the Empty Quarter
b) In the center of the Empty Quarter
c) In the northern part of the Empty Quarter
d) In the southern part of the Empty Quarter
27) According to Paragraph (4), which of the following is true about Ghawwar Field?
a) It is older than Sheyba field.
b) It is larger than Sheyba field.
c) It is smaller than Sheyba field.
d) It is the same size as Sheyba field.

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Passage 3
Dear Mr. Mohamed,
1) I am writing this letter as a note of appreciation for the outstanding customer
service provided by one of your employees a few days ago. I was facing the
problem of malware attacks on my Android smartphone. It installed software that I
didn't even download. Mr. Waleed, a junior technician in your Olaya Branch,
attended to my needs. He took barely 10 minutes to rectify the problem on my
Android phone. His ability to resolve the problem so quickly exceeded my
expectations.
2) I would like to commend the prompt service provided by Mr. Waleed. There was no
request made to leave the device at the showroom, unlike in other repair shops. He
also advised me how to keep the bugs away and downloaded an antivirus program
onto my mobile phone at no additional cost! I am pleasantly surprised by the
knowledge and skills of your stuff.
3) I would happily recommend your company to anyone who needs a mobile repair
service in the future. Keep up the good work.
28) The purpose of the letter is to ………………..
a) Express thanks for the service received
b) Compare and contrast different shops
c) Make a request for another service
d) Describe the events that happened
29) Mr. Mohamed is probably a …………………
a) Salesman
b) Technician
c) Manager
d) Customer
30) What problem was the customer facing?
a) Dealing with a junior technician
b) Bad service at other repair shops
c) Downloads of antivirus software
d) Unwanted programs on his phone
31) The word device in paragraph (2) refers to the …………….
a) Service
b) Phone
c) Software
d) Problem
32) Which of the following is TRUE about other showrooms?
a) A lot of money is charged
b) The staff is NOT highly skilled
c) The phone is taken away for some time
d) Antivirus programs are already installed

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33) How will the sender of the letter support the company?
a) Provide prompt feedback
b) Appreciate the company a lot
c) Tell other about the company
d) Solve future problems himself

Passage 4
1) Sheba was an 8th century B.C civilization that lasted for a thousand years. They
prospered by trading in incense and spices throughout the Middle East and the
Roman Empire. The Holy Quran describes the visit of the Queen of Sheba to
Prophet Suleiman (peace be upon him). It tells us that she brought him presents, no
doubt including gold from her fabulous mines. Belqis, as she was known, was so
impressed by the wisdom and power of prophet Suleiman (peace be upon him) and
the beauty of his palace that she immediately accepted Islam for herself and her
people.
34) What is the topic of the passage?
a) A description of the goldmines
b) The history of Sheba and Belqis
c) The archaeology at the site of Sheba
d) Prophet Suleiman (peace be upon him)

Passage 5
1) Oud, a fragrance well known and treasured throughout the Middle East, has been
associated with Saudi Arabian culture since the days of the Prophet (peace be upon
him). Burning Oud chips and passing the Oud burner around has been used as a
means of greeting guests as well as signaling the end of an evening visit. Additionally,
traditional medicinal treatment of health problems. However, Clinical medicine
considers excessive use of Oud to be harmful.
2) Oud is produced from the family of large evergreen trees called Aquilaria or
Gyrinops. Native to many Asian countries. While there are 15 species of trees in this
family. Oud is made from only four or five of the species. The resin that produces
the aromatic fragrance is the result of an infection from a fungus in the tree. When
aquilaria trees are exposed to a common environmental fungus the reaction
produces resin chips on the bark of the tree. The chips are harvested by peeling
them from the bark and can be used and burned or distilled to create perfumes.
Infection in the trees by the fungus occurs in only about seven percent of the trees
which increases the rarity and value of the fragrance producing chips.
3) Processing Oud through distillation produces extracts used in perfumes. As part of
the distillation process, Oud chips are heated in water. As the water evaporates and
forces vapor into coiled pipes the remaining liquid separated from the water Is the
Oud oil. From this liquid. Perfumes are created that can then be applied directly to
the body or hair. Biproducts from the distillation can then be mixed and used to

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form weaker versions of the scent in compressed incense mixed with other
fragrances.
4) Oud has a unique fragrance that is highly valued among perfume makers.
Fragrances often combined with Oud are jasmine, rose, and sandalwood to enhance
the fragrances in use for men and women. Today's international perfume makers
are embracing the scent of Oud, Annani, Kilian, and Tom Ford are three well known
international brands that include Oud in their perfume bases. In addition. Many
well-known international brands have begun including Oud in their signature
scents. Today Oud is expanding its fragrances signature beyond the Middle East
and becoming a favorite to many people around the globe.

35) According to paragraph (1), Oud has NOT been used for………
a) cleaning
b) perfume
c) medicine
d) greeting
36) According to paragraph (2), to produce Oud, the trees…………….
a) Healthy and free of infection
b) Old and produce resin
c) Infected by fungus
d) Covered in bark
37) According to paragraph (2), Oud may come from …………….
a) 4 or 5 species of trees
b) 15 species of trees
c) Most evergreen
d) Most kinds of trees
38) The word "harvested" in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to …….…
a) cut
b) used
c) applied
d) collected
39) According to paragraph (4), two fragrances that perfume makers may combine with Oud
are…………….
a) Rose and orange
b) Sandalwood and rose
c) Sandalwood and amber
d) Cinnamon and Jasmine

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Passage 6
1) Most of us love some foods and hate others. But what if there is someone who only
eats one kind of food and doesn't eat anything else? Is that even possible? The answer
is yes. 20-year-old Anna Smith from Cornwall in Southwest England, did just that.
2) Anna ate potato chips every day since she was five years old. When she was a little
girl, she didn't want to eat anything. In the end, she started to eat potato chips, but
wouldn't eat anything else. With Anna's diet of only potato chips, however, her
body became weak. Actually, she was so ill that she couldn't work and lost her job in
the local factory. It was then that she decided to do something.
3) A friend told Anna to look for help online. Anna went online and searched for someone
to help her. She found man who helped people like her. After her first visit to this man's
clinic, she was able to eat a mango, which is now her favorite fruit. Next time, she was
able to eat pizza, then some vegetables, and so on.
4) Now, one year later, Anna still eat potato chips every day but also many other
foods. She feels a lot better, and she has found a new job. Also, if a friend invites
her to dinner in a restaurant or at her place, she no longer has to say. "Could I just
have some potato chips, please?".
40) What is the main idea in Paragraph (1)?
a) Anna hates English food.
b) Most people DON’T eat everything.
c) Most people only like one kind of food.
d) English people DON'T like normal food.
41) According to Paragraph (2), why did Anna finally decide to eat different foods?
a) She became older
b) She did NOT feel well
c) She liked the food in the factory.
d) She did NOT like potato chips anymore.
42) The word diet in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………..
a) Job
b) Time
c) Food
d) Medicine
43) According to Paragraph (3), Anna ……………..
a) Decided to help herself
b) Asked her friends for help
c) Found help on the internet
d) Got help from a restaurant.
44) According to Paragraph (4), ………………….
a) Anna now has a better life
b) Anna is afraid to eat at restaurants
c) Anna is going to look for a new job
d) Anna has stopped eating potato chips

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Passage 7
1) In 1960, a college professor took a well-organized speech and scrambled it by
randomly changing the order of sentences. He had a speaker deliver the original
version to one group of listeners and the scrambled version to another group. After
the speeches, he gave a test to see how well each group understood what they had
heard. Not surprisingly, the group that heard the original, unscrambled speech
scored much higher.
2) A few years later, two professors repeated the same experiment at other schools. But
instead of testing how well the listeners comprehended each speech. They tested to see
what effects the speeches had on the listeners' attitudes toward the speakers. The
professors found that people who heard the well-organized speech believed the speaker
to be much more competent and trustworthy than those who heard the scrambled speech.
In other words, listeners demand clear organization. They have little patience with speakers
who jump from one idea to another. They cannot flip back to a previous page to try to
understand a speaker's idea. This requires that speeches be organized strategically.
45) According to Paragraph (1), the test was given to check the…………. of the speech.
a) Length
b) Delivery
c) Suitability
d) Comprehension
46) The pronoun they in Paragraph (2) refers to …………..
a) Years
b) Professors
c) Schools
d) Listeners
47) This passage is about the importance of ………….
a) The speaker's personality
b) Speech organization
c) Listening strategies
d) Listener's attitudes

Passage 8 Bees
1) The Holy Quran tells us that insects form communities (Surat al-An'am, 38) and that
they can communicate with one another (Surat an-Naml, 18) and work together to
produce food (Surat al-Nahl, 68-9). Modern science, more than 1,400 years
afterwards, has accepted that this information is indeed correct. Now, scientists in
the United Kingdom are learning that some of these amazing creatures may also
have feelings and emotions similar to those of humans.
2) At Newcastle University, they are trying to discover how some insects feel. In recent
years, honeybee numbers have been declining worldwide at a disturbing rate. Many
explanations have been given for this. Some say the bees are dying because of
disease and pesticides. Others say it may be due to pollution or microwave towers.

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At any rate, this is a very serious situation, for humans as well as for the bees. At
least one-third of the world's crops depend on bees. Farmers are worried. What
about the bees? How do they feel? Are they scared, sad or depressed?
3) The researchers trained a group of bees to tell the difference between two smells.
After one smell, they were always given a sweet sugar reward. After the other smell,
they were given a bitter substance. They quickly learned to choose the smell with
the sweet prize and to stick out their tongues to get it. The scientists wanted to see
what the bees would do if they were put in a stressful situation. They shook up half
of the bees, to make them think they were in danger. These stressed bees refused
to put out their tongues for new smells, and only chose the old smell which they
knew would be followed by a sweet treat. Even though there was an equal chance
that a strange smell would taste good, it seemed they believed it would taste bad
and were afraid to try it. These bees had become “pessimists". The other half-the
unstressed bees-were much more likely to try tastes from new smells, thus
remaining “optimists”.
4) When humans are stressed, anxious, worried or depressed, they have lower levels of
the brain hormone serotonin. So did the stressed bees. This may mean that the
feelings of anxious and stressed bees are similar to those of humans with mood
disorders. This knowledge, along with further investigations into bee behavior and
"feelings" can hopefully be used to understand and remedy their declining numbers,
for their sake and for ours.
48) The words these amazing creatures in Paragraph (1) refer to …………….
a) bees
b) insects
c) scientists
d) communities
49) Why are bees important to humans?
a) They have communities and can communicate.
b) They are necessary to produce our food crops.
c) They are becoming more numerous than us.
d) They have feelings like us.
50) Which paragraph describes how the scientists trained the bees?
a) Paragraph (1)
b) Paragraph (2)
c) Paragraph (3)
d) Paragraph (4)

Passage 9
1) Dates, one of the oldest cultivated crops, grow on a date palm tree. Dates grow in large
bunches atop the palm tree, which thrive in hot climates. The fruits range in size from 1
to 3 inches and range in color from pale yellow to a dark red-brown. Dates harvested at

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the yellow stage require further ripening before they can be properly preserved. Fully
ripe, dark- colored dates are ready for preservation as soon as they are harvested.
2) To describe the advantages of dates in a few words, it is good to quote them as an
essential part of one’s diet, so that it can be considered as a balanced diet. Dates are
composed of various fats, sugar, vitamins, and minerals, which our body requires. Arabs
for example, eat dates along with milk- making it more beneficial. However, a few of its
advantage are described below.
3) Although dates are rich in providing strength to everybody, but during the last months
of pregnancy the advantages are doubled- dates strengthen muscles of the uterus.
Dates also strengthen a weak heart.
4) Dates are rich in fibers and one can easily digest them. Researchers showed that dates
can also be helpful in curing certain abdominal diseases including abdominal cancer.
Normally, it is observed that one may feel hungry if sugar levels are reduced I the body
irrespective of the condition of the stomach. Dates can well serve the purpose because
these provide energy. Some other advantages of eating dates include treating
constipation, prevention against night blindness and improving health of eyes.
51) the underlined word “thrive” in Paragraph 1 probably means……………
a) grow
b) die
c) harvest
d) ripen
52) Yellow dates and dark – colored dates
a) are preserved directly after harvested
b) are preserved differently after harvested
c) are bad for muscles
d) are difficult to digest
53) One of the following is not advantage for dates
a) dates strengthen heart and uterus muscles
b) Dates increase constipation
c) Dates prevent night blindness
d) Dates improve eyes health.
54) The passage is mainly talking about
a) The advantages of dates
b) How and when dates grow
c) Why Arabs eat dates with milk
d) How dates improve eyes health.

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Passage 10
dŚĞ ĮƌĞ
(1) Over the roar of the fire, Mike heard Ben shout, "Hurry! The fire is almost on us!" Mike's
arms were sore and tired, but he swung his axe even faster. He didn't even stop to wipe the
tears from his stinging eyes. The greedy fire kept coming. The more the fire destroyed, the
more it wanted. Mike worked shoulder to shoulder with the other smoke jumpers to build a
firebreak. His only thought was to stop the flaming monster that was raging through the forest.
(2) At last, the smoke jumpers finished the firebreak. If the fire were powerful enough, it would
jump over the firebreak that they had worked so hard to make. Then they would have to start
all over again. Mike stood motionless, his face black with ash, his shirt wet with sweat. He was
too exhausted to move because he had given all of himself to fighting the fire. He turned his
head and noticed Ben watching him.
(3) Suddenly all that Ben had taught Mike about proving his bravery was clear. A man was not
brave if he did something just to prove his courage. He was brave only when he forgot about
himself. Today Mike had showed that he cared very much about the others with whom he was
working.
55. According to Paragraph (2), Mike was too exhausted to move because ………….
(A) He had sweat all over him.
(B) He was covered with back ash.
(C) Ben did not give him much help.
(D) He had given so much to fight the fire.
56. According to Paragraph (3), Ben taught Mike that being brave involves …………
(A) Working with proper tools
(B) Avoiding fire hazards
(C) Losing one's courage
(D) Caring for others
57. The pronoun his in Paragraph (3) refers to …………
(A) Ben
(B) Mike
(C) a fireman
(D) a man

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Passage 11
Floor Damage
5. The damage you described in your letter dated Jury has now been inspected.
6. The faults in the wiring appear to have been caused by dripping water from the floor
above. The electrical contractor, who installed the wiring in February, tells me that the
wall was dry at the time he replaced the old wires. However, we will arrange for repairs to
be made and seal off that section.
7. Dura floor is one of the most hardwearing materials of its kind on the market and we
were surprised to hear that it had worn away within six months, so we made a closer
inspection. We noticed that the floor had been cut into and this seems to have been the
result of dragging heavy metal boxes across it. The one-year guarantee we offer on our
workmanship is against "normal wear and tear", and the treatment the floor appears to
have been subjected to does not fall into this category. I am quite willing to arrange for
the surface to be replaced, but we will have to charge you for the materials and work
involved. If I may, I would like to suggest that you instruct your staff to use trolleys when
shifting heavy containers.
8. I am sorry about the inconvenience you have experienced and will tell the fitters to repair
the damage as soon as I have your confirmation that they can begin work.
58. According to Paragraph (2), the problems with wiring were caused by ………..
(A) the electrical contractor
(B) the new wires
(C) the old wires
(D) leaking water
59. According to Paragraph (4), the replacement of the damaged floor surface …….
(A) is going to begin when the customer notifies the contractor
(B) is going to begin when the workmen are available
(C) has already finished
(D) has already begun
60. The word inconvenience in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to ……………
(A) time pressure
(B) coincidence
(C) bad luck
(D) trouble

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Model 38
Passage 1
1) The paper we use today is made by machine. Trees are cut up and processed into a
mixture called wood pulp. The pulp, containing tiny cellulose fibers, is pressed and rolled
out to form sheets of paper.
2) The first manmade writing material was not paper. About 4,000 years ago, the ancient
Egyptians took the fibrous stems of the papyrus plant, flattened them, laid them crosswise
and pressed them down to stick them together. When dried, this made a piece of papyrus
that could be written on.
3) Paper was first made in China around the year 105 CE by a man called Ts'ailun. He
found a way to make paper from the stringy inner bark of the mulberry tree. The bark was
pounded in water to separate the fibers. This mixture was then poured into a bamboo tray
to let the water drain out. After that, the soft mat of paper was moved onto a smooth, flat
surface to dry. Later, someone discovered that the paper could be improved by brushing
it with starch to make it stronger.
4) Chinese traders travelled around Asia as far as Samarkand. There, they met with Arab
merchants who learned the secret of making paper and took it to Spain. Afterwards, the
art of papermaking spread throughout the rest of Europe.
5) Since then, many kinds of machines have been invented and improved methods
discovered for making paper. One of the most important, for example, was a machine
developed in France in 1798. This machine could make a continuous sheet or web of
paper. Before, paper could only be produced in separate sheets.
21. The word them in Paragraph 2) refers to ……
A) Ancient Egyptians
B) writing materials
C) papyrus stems
D) paper
22. According to passage, the first real paper was made in …….
A) Egypt
B) China
C) France
D) Samarkand
23. According to the passage, who introduced the paper-making process to Europe?
A) Ts'ailun
B) Chinese traders
C) the Arabs
D) the Spanish
24. Which component is necessary for making both paper and papyrus?
A. tree bark
B. tree wood
C. plant starch
D. fibrous material

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Passage 2
Pony Express
(1) The Pony Express was a system that delivered mail by horses between Missouri and
California. A person riding a horse would carry the mail. The service lasted for only
about a year and a half in the early 1860s. Nevertheless, the Pony Express is well
remembered in stories about the American West.
(2) Beginning in the 1840s many people from the easter United States began to move to
the west. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 and in Colorado and Nevada in
1859 brought thousands of explorers in search of riches. Other people came to settle
the land or to start a new life. By 1860 some 40.000 members of the religious group
known as Mormons had settled in what is now Utah. The population of Oregon also
greatly increased. The new settlers often came into conflict with the Native Americans
who already lived on the land. More settlers continued to arrive, however.
(3) Mail from the East took a long time to reach these people. In 1851 the United States
government arranged to send mail to California and Oregon by sea. However, it took
about a month for a letter to travel from New York to California. Then a stagecoach
service was begun, but this took 24 days. The people in the West demanded faster mail
service.
(4) The idea of using fast horses or ponies to carry mail may have come from F.X. Aubrey,
who hauled goods down the Santa Fe Trail in freight wagons. The Santa Fe Trail was an
important commercial route during the mid-19th century. On his trips from Missouri to
Santa Fe, New Mexico, Aubrey left horses along the trail with traders and others. On his
return by horseback, he changed a tired horse for a fresh one.
;ϱͿ ĐŽŵƉĂŶLJĐĂůůĞĚZƵƐƐĞůů͕DĂũŽƌƐ͕ĂŶĚtĂĚĚĞůůĚĞĐŝĚĞĚƚŽƐĞƚƵƉĂŚŽƌƐĞďĂĐŬŵĂŝůƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ
ĨƌŽŵ^ĂŝŶƚ:ŽƐĞƉŚ͕DŝƐƐŽƵƌŝ͕ƚŽĂůŝĨŽƌŶŝĂ͘dŚĞƌŽƵƚĞǁĂƐŶĞĂƌůLJϮ͕ϬϬϬŵŝůĞƐ;ϯ͕ϮϬϬ
ŬŝůŽŵĞƚĞƌƐͿůŽŶŐ͘ůŽŶŐƚŚĞǁĂLJƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞϭϱϳƐƚĂƟŽŶƐͶŽŶĞĂďŽƵƚĞǀĞƌLJϭϬƚŽϭϱŵŝůĞƐ
;ϭϲƚŽϮϰŬŝůŽŵĞƚĞƌƐͿ͘ƌŝĚĞƌĐĂƌƌŝĞĚĂďŽƵƚϭϱƉŽƵŶĚƐ;ϳŬŝůŽŐƌĂŵƐͿŽĨůĞƩĞƌƐŝŶĂƉŽƵĐŚ͘,Ğ
ĐŚĂŶŐĞĚŚŽƌƐĞƐĂƚĞǀĞƌLJƐƚĂƟŽŶ͘ŌĞƌϲƚŽϴƐƚĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĞǁƌŝĚĞƌƚŽŽŬŽǀĞƌ͘KŶůLJƚŚĞƉŽƵĐŚ
ŽĨŵĂŝůƚƌĂǀĞůĞĚƚŚĞĞŶƟƌĞĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͘dŚŝƐƵƐƵĂůůLJƚŽŽŬĂďŽƵƚϭϬ ĚĂLJƐ͘
;ϲͿ The first mail pouch left Saint Joseph on April 3, 1860, and arrived in Sacramento,
California, on April 13. The Pony Express lost only one load of mail, even though the
riders faced outlaws, attacks by Native Americans, and rough country. The most famous
Pony Express rider was William Cody, who later became known as Buffalo Bill.
(7) The Pony Express provided an important link with the West, but it did not earn enough
money. It was closed down when a telegraph system was completed in October 1861. In
all, the horses had galloped 616,000 miles (991,000 kilometers) back and forth over the
trail.
25. When did they discover gold in California?
A) 1838
B) 1848
C) 1859
D) 1860

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26. How long did a stagecoach take to travel from New York to California?
A) A month
B) Two months
C) 24 days
D) 10 days
27. Which of these was the surname of a famous Pony Express rider?
A) Aubrey
B) Russell
C) Waddell
D) Cody

Passage 3
Universal Gravitation
(1) Newton realized that gravity acts everywhere in the universe, not just on Earth. It is the
force that makes an apple fall to the ground. It is the force that keeps all the planets in
our solar system orbiting around the sun.
(2) What Newton realized is now called the law of universal gravitation. The law of
universal gravitation states that the force of gravity acts between all objects in the
universe. This means that any two objects in the universe, without exception, attract
each other. You are attracted not only to Earth but also to all the other, objects around
you. Earth and the objects around you are attracted to you as well. However, you do
not notice the attraction among objects because these forces are small compared to
the force of Earth's attraction.
Factors Affecting Gravity
(3) Two factors affect the gravitational attraction between objects: Mass and Distance.
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. The SI unit of mass is the
kilogram. One kilogram is the mass of about 400 modern pennies. Everything that has
mass is made up of matter.
(4) The more mass an object has, the greater its gravitational force. Because the sun’s mass
is so great, it exerts a large gravitational force on the planets. That’s one reason why the
planets orbit the sun.
(5) In addition to mass, gravitational force depends on the distance between the objects.
The farther apart two objects are, the lesser the gravitational force between them. For a
spacecraft traveling toward Mars, Earth’s gravitational pull decreases as the spacecraft's
distance from Earth increases. Eventually the gravitational pull of Mars becomes greater
than Earth’s, and the spacecraft is more attracted toward Mars.
28. What is the writer’s main purpose?
A) to inform
B) to describe
C) to compare
D) to convince
29. What is one important idea that the writer mention?
A) that the sun’s mass is so great.

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B) that mass affects gravitational attraction.

C) that the mass of an object is how much it weighs.
D) that a kilogram is the same mass as about 400 pennies.
30. What is one important point that the writer mentions?
A) Earth orbits the sun.
B) All planets orbit the sun.
C) Newton invented the force of gravity.
D) Newton found gravity exists everywhere.

Passage 4
Freeware and Free software
(1) Freeware means there are no paid licenses required to use the application, no fees or
donations necessary, no restrictions on how many times you can download or open the
program, and no expiration date.
(2) However, it can still be restrictive in some ways. Free software, on the other hand, is
completely and totally void of restrictions and allows the user to do absolutely whatever
they want with the program.
Freeware vs Free Software
(3) Freeware is cost-free software and free software is copyright-free software. In other
words, freeware is software under copyright but available at no cost; free software is
software with no limitations, but might not be free in the sense that there's no price
attached to it.
(4) Free software can be changed at the will of the user. This means that the user can make
changes to the main elements of the program, re-write whatever they want. overwrite
things, completely repurpose the program, etc.
(5) For free software to truly be free requires the developer to release the program without
restrictions, which is normally accomplished by giving away the source code. This type
of software is often called open-source software, or free and open-source software
(FOSS).
(6) Free software is also 100 % legally redistributable and can be used to make a profit. This
is true even if the user didn’t spend anything for the free software, or if they make more
money from the free software than what they paid for it. The idea here is that the data
is totally and completely available for whatever the user wants.
(7) Freeware can be downloaded on many websites like: Softpedia, FileHippo.com, QP
Download, CNET Download.
31. What is one important idea related to “freeware” that the writer mentions in
paragraph (1)?
A) It is available free of charge.
B) It can be changed by the user.
C) It can be used to make money.
D) It is available for downloading.

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32. What are two important ideas related to free software that the writer mentions in
paragraphs (1) to (4)?
A) It is released by the developer, and gives the user access to the main elements of the
program.
B) It does NOT require a licence, but there may be limits on what the user can do with
it.
C) It can be used as many times as the user wants and for as long as he/she want.
D) It is NOT protected by copyright, and the user can make changes.
33. What is the main topic of the passage?
A) The data in free software is available for whatever the user wants.
B) Free software has some advantages over freeware.
C) The differences between freeware and free software.
D) Freeware is available to anyone free of charge and without a license.

Passage 5
(The New Deal)
(1) The New Deal was a group of U.S. government programs of the 1930s. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt started the programs to help the country recover from the
economic problems of the Great Depression.
(2) Conservation Corps (CCC) put young men to work in national forests. The Works
Progress Administration (WPA) created many different kinds of jobs. Some WPA
workers built roads, schools, or airports. Others created art for public buildings or set
up community theaters.
(3) The best-known result of the New Deal was Social Security. Social Security is a system
that continues to provide income for retired (people who stop working when they get
old) or disabled workers. For example, if a person cannot work because he or she is
blind, the person will receive money from social security.
(4) Other New Deal programs were created to fix some of the problems that caused the
Great Depression. During the Great Depression many banks closed, so people lost a lot
of money and did not trust banks. As part of the New Deal, the government set up a
program called Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). It was introduced to get
people to trust banks again. The FDIC is a government program that pays people when
a bank loses money or has to close. This program allowed people to trust the banks
again and they started to put their money in US banks again.

34. What does the passage say about the New Deal?
A) It increased the number of businesses.
B) It caused some people to lose money.
C) It was the result of Social Security.
D) It helped to improve the US economy.

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35. Who provides money to disables people who are unable to work?
A) Charity Organizations
B) Conservation Corp
C) Social Security
D) FDIC
36. Which word can replace the word “so” in paragraph (4)?
A) though
B) therefore
C) indeed
D) meanwhile
37. Why does the writer use the phrase “for example” in paragraph (3)?
A) to show that retired and disabled people are different.
B) to give information about difficulties in old age.
C) to explain how disabled people get money.
D) to show the result of being blind.
38. What does the writer think about the FDIC?
A) He’s not sure if it had a positive effect.
B) He believes it had a positive effect.
C) He believes it had a negative effect.
D) He believes it hurts US banks.

Passage 6
(1) The word aerobic means that oxygen is needed for a chemical reaction. The food
molecules are combined with oxygen. The process is called oxidation and the food is
said to be oxidised. All food molecules contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
The process of oxidation converts the carbon to carbon dioxide (CO2) and the
hydrogen to water (H2O) and, at the same time, sets free energy, which the cell can use
to drive other reactions.
(2) The amount of energy you would get by completely oxidising 180 grams (g) of glucose
to carbon dioxide and water is 2830 kilojoules (kJ). In the cells, the energy is not
released all at once. The oxidation takes place in a series of small steps and not in one
jump as the equation suggests. Each small step needs its own enzyme and at each
stage a little energy is released. Although the energy is used for the processes
mentioned above, some of it always appears as heat. In "warm-blooded" animals (birds
and mammals) some of this heat is stored to help maintain body temperature at the
correct level.
(3) In "cold-blooded" animals (e.g. reptiles and fish) the heat may build up for a time in the
body and allow the animal to move about more quickly. In plants the heat is lost to the
surroundings (by conduction, convection and evaporation) as fast as it is produced.

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39. What process releases energy in the cell?

A) oxidation
B) conduction
C) convection
D) evaporation
40. What is an important effect of heat increase in “cold-blooded” animals?
A) They save energy.
B) They move faster.
C) They release heat to the environment.
D) their body temperature stays the same
41. The word “maintain” in paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to………..
A) keep
B) show
C) reduce
D) change
42. The word “build up” in paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to………..
A) drop
B) increase
C) escape
D) change
Passage 7

43. Which country had the highest percentage of electric car sales/registration in 2018?
A) China
B) US
C) Norway
D) Sweden

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44. Which country sold the highest number of electric cars in 2018?
A) China
B) US
C) Norway
D) England
Passage 8
The liquid State
When a gas is cooled, the particles slow down and the kinetic energy of the particles
decreases. When a gas compressed, the gaseous particles move closer. Under the
super conditions of low temperature and high pressure, a gas ….. that is, it converts
from a gas to a liquid state. The kinetic motions of the molecules make them move
apart one another. Liquefaction occurs when the molecules move closer, attractive
forces become important, and the molecules ….dense to the liquid state. As they
condense, the molecules act and aggregate into a group, giving the characteristic
appearance of a liquid.
45. The word converts in the passage is closest in meaning to……….
A) refuses
B) keeps
C) remains
D) changes
46. The word aggregate in the passage is closest in meaning to……..
A) separate
B) sort
C) expand
D) combine
47. The word characteristic in the passage is closest in meaning to…….
A) typical
B) partial
C) basic
D) attractive

Passage 9
The Development of Personality
Psychologists use the term 'personality' to refer to the features of our psyche which
make each and every one of us psychologically unique. One of the first personality
theorists was Sigmund Freud. Freud is the best-known figure ever to emerge from
psychology, and his theory of personality development has had a major impact on
society and the way we think. Among other things, Freud is responsible for our concern
about the meaning of dreams, and the embarrassment we experience concerning what
slips of the tongue reveal about our unconscious thoughts. He drew attention to the
irrational side of human behaviour, which had been largely neglected by other

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psychologists, particularly developmental psychologists. is responsible for the common

use of the terms 'ego’ and defence mechanisms'.
48. The word “psyche” in the passage is closest in meaning to……..
A) faculty
B) ability
C) mind
D) intelligence
49. The word “irrational” in the passage is closest in meaning to………
A) unreasonable
B) laughable
C) ridiculous
D) unknown
50. The word “ego” in the passage is closest in meaning to ……….
A) personality
B) character
C) pride
D) self

Passage 10
Automation
(1) Knowing how and where robots and machines could impact the global economy will
help financial executives in a competitive edge in their industries but predicting which
countries are likely to be impacted most by workforce automation and when isn't as
simple as comparing industries across the globe.
(2) A recent McKinsey Global Institute report. A Future That Works: Automation,
Employment, and Productivity, Analyzed the automation potential of 46 countries,
representing 80% of the global workforce. Several factors are considered, including the
percentage of work activities that could be automated using current technology, the
number of full-time employees that could be affected and wages.
(3) The types of activities that have a high potential for automation are physical tasks in
highly structured and predictable environments, data processing and data collection.
Those that have a considerably lower potential for automation are unpredictable
physical work, interactions with others, applying expertise, and managing others, which
is the least susceptible to automation.
(4) It is believed that differences are expected in how automation will play out across
the globe, as technical, economic, and social factors will determine the pace and extent
of it. But it's hard to say how quickly automation will become reality, according to the
report.
(5) Take manufacturing, for example. One country may save a larger concentration of
work hours in jobs that have higher automation potential, such as production and
administrative support. And another country may have a higher proportion of work
hours in jobs that are less likely to be automated, such as management and
engineering.

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51. What idea do the words "susceptible to automation" repeat?

(A) workforce automation
(B) robots and machines
(C) automation potential
(D) competitive edge
52. What idea do the words "administrative support" repeat?
(A) Management and engineering
(B) Data processing and data collection
(C) Technical, economic and social factors
(D) Applying expertise and managing others
53. Which of the following is an opinion?
A) 80% of workers support automation.
B) The speed of automation is difficult to predict.
C) It is most difficult to automate data collection.
D) The report studied automation in over 40 countries.
54. Which of the following is an opinion in the passage?
A) The report considered several factors in the automation process.
B) Automation of work will become a reality for all workers.
C) The use of automation can be affected by social issues.
D) The McKinsey report studied 46 different countries.
55. What can we understand from Paragraphs (4) and (5) about automation around the
world?
(A) It will be very difficult to achieve.
(B) It will become a reality very quickly.
(C) It will be different in different countries.
(D) It will have the biggest effect on manufacturing.
56. What can we understand from Paragraph (2) about the McKinsey Global Institute
research?
(A) It was a large study.
(B) It was an automated study.
(C) It used current technology.
(D) It had an effect on full-time employees.

Passage 11
Strong winds will raise dust and sand, reducing visibility over the northern and central
Kingdom between Makkah and Madinah, with the possibility of increasing temperatures
over these regions. Suspended haze will spread over Qassim, Hail and northern parts of
the Riyadh region, limiting visibility and making driving hazardous. Parts of the central
and eastern Kingdom will be partly cloudy, with chances of rain. Storm clouds may form
over the southwestern and Western highlands, including Abha, Baha and Taif.
57. Which parts of the Kingdom may receive rain?
A. the central and eastern parts.
B. the central and northern parts.

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C. the northern and eastern parts.

D. the northern and western parts.
58. The forecast for Makkah and Medina is ……
A clear and sunny.
B stormy and cool.
C rainy and cool.
D dusty and hot.
59. Which city may expect to see storm clouds?
A )Makkah.
B )Riyadh.
C )Hail.
D )Baha.
60. Where will it probably be difficult to see clearly while driving?
A) Taif.
B) Qassim.
C) the western highlands.
D) the eastern part of the Kingdom

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Model 39
Passage 1
(Paper)
1) The paper we use today is made by machine. Trees are cut up and processed into
a mixture called wood pulp. The pulp, containing tiny cellulose fibers, is pressed and
rolled out to form sheets of paper.
2) The first manmade writing material was not paper. About 4,000 years ago, the
ancient Egyptians took the fibrous stems of the papyrus plant, flattened them, laid
them crosswise and pressed them down to stick them together. When dried, this
made a piece of papyrus that could be written on.
3) Paper was first made in China around the year 105 CE by a man called Ts'ailun. He
found a way to make paper from the stringy inner bark of the mulberry tree. The bark
was pounded in water to separate the fibers. This mixture was then poured into a
bamboo tray to let the water drain out. After that, the soft mat of paper was moved
onto a smooth, flat surface to dry. Later, someone discovered that the paper could
be improved by brushing it with starch to make it stronger.
4) Chinese traders travelled around Asia as far as Samarkand. There, they met with
Arab merchants who learned the secret of making paper and took it to Spain.
Afterwards, the art of papermaking spread throughout the rest of Europe.
5) Since then, many kinds of machines have been invented and improved methods
discovered for making paper. One of the most important, for example, was a
machine developed in France in 1798. This machine could make a continuous sheet
or web of paper. Before, paper could only be produced in separate sheets.

21. The word them in Paragraph 2) refers to ……

a) Ancient Egyptians.
b) writing materials.
c) papyrus stems.
d) paper.
22. The first real paper was made in ………
a) China.
b) Egypt.
c) France.
d) Samarkand.

23. According to the passage, who introduced the paper-making process to

Europe?
a) Ts'ailun.
b) Chinese traders.
c) the Arabs.

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d) the Spanish.
24. Which component is necessary for making both paper and papyrus?
a) tree bark.
b) tree wood.
c) plant starch.
d) fibrous material.

Passage 2
(The Universe)
1) In a very rough sense, you could think of the solar system as your house or
apartment and the Galaxy as your town, made up of many houses and buildings. In the
twentieth century, astronomers were able to show that, just as our world is made up of
many, many towns, so the universe is made up of enormous numbers of galaxies. (We
define the universe to be everything that exists that we can see.) Galaxies go as far into
space as our telescopes can see and many billions of them within the reach of modern
instruments. When they were first discovered, some astronomers called galaxies island
universes, and the term is very appropriate because galaxies do look like islands of stars
in the enormous, dark seas of empty space.
2) The nearest galaxy, discovered in 1993, is a small one that lies 75,000 light-years from
the Sun in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius, where the light in our own
Galaxy makes it especially difficult to see. (A constellation, we should note, is one of the
88 sections into which astronomers divide the sky, each named after an important star
pattern within it.) Beyond this Sagittarius dwarf galaxy lie two other small galaxies,
about 160,000 light-years away. First recorded by Magellan’s crew as he sailed around
the world, these are called the Magellanic Clouds. All three of these small galaxies are
satellites of the Milky Way Galaxy, interacting with it through the force of gravity. In the
end, all three may even be swallowed by our much larger Galaxy, as other small
galaxies have been over the course of cosmic time.
3) The nearest large galaxy is a quite similar to our own, located in the constellation of
Andromeda, and is thus called the Andromeda Galaxy. It is also known by one of its
catalog numbers, M31. This galaxy is a little more than 2 million light-years away and,
along with the Milky Way, is part of a small cluster of more than 50 galaxies, which is
called the Local Group.
4) At distances of 10 to 15 million light-years, we find other small galaxy groups, and
then at about 50 million light-years there are much bigger systems with thousands of
member galaxies. We have discovered that galaxies occur mostly in clusters, both large
and small.
5) Some of the clusters themselves form into larger groups called superclusters. The
Local Group is part of a supercluster of galaxies, called the Virgo Supercluster, which
stretches over a diameter of 110 million light-years. We are just beginning to explore
the structure of the universe at these enormous scales and are already learning many
new things.

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6) At even greater distances, where many ordinary galaxies are not bright enough to
see, we find quasars. These are brilliant centers of galaxies, glowing with the light of an
extremely energetic process. The enormous energy of the quasars is produced by gas
that is heated to a temperature of millions of degrees as it falls toward and turns into a
huge black hole. The brightness of quasars makes them the most far away lights we can
see in the dark oceans of space. They allow us to explore the universe 10 billion light-
years away or more, and thus 10 billion years or more in the past.
7) With quasars we can see way back close to the Big Bang explosion that marks the
beginning of time. Beyond the quasars and the farthest visible galaxies, we have
discovered the weak glow of the explosion itself, filling the universe and coming to us
from all directions in space. The discovery of this “afterglow of creation” is considered
to be one of the most significant events in twentieth-century science, and we are still
exploring the many things it has to tell us about the earliest times of the universe.
8) Measurements of the properties of galaxies and quasars in far-away locations require
large telescopes, advanced light-amplifying devices, and careful work. Every clear night,
at observatories around the world, astronomers and students are at work on such
mysteries as the birth of new stars and the structure of the universe, fitting their results
into what we already understand.
25) How far is the nearest galaxy from the sun?
a) 75,000 light-years
b) 160,000 light-years
c) 110 million light-years
d) 112 million light-years
26) What is the name of nearest large galaxy?
a) Magellanic clouds
b) Andromeda
c) Virgo
d) Cartwheel
27) How wide is the Virgo Supercluster?
a) 175,000 light-years
b) 160,000 light-years
c) 110 million light-years
d) 75,000 light-years

Passage 3
(Earthquakes)
1) An earthquake is sudden ground movement caused by the release of energy stored
in rocks, called the elastic rebound theory. Earthquakes happen when so much stress is
transmitted by seismic waves. Each year there are more than 150,000 earthquakes
strong enough to be felt by people and 900,000 recorded by seismometers.
2) Nearly 95% of all earthquakes take place along one of the three types of tectonic
plate boundaries, but earthquakes do occur along all three types of plate boundaries.

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About 80% of all earthquakes strike around the Pacific Ocean basin because it is lined
with convergent and transform boundaries. Called the Ring of Fire, this is also the
location of most volcanoes around the planet. About 15% take place in the
Mediterranean-Asiatic Belt, where convergence is causing the Indian Plate to run into
the Eurasian Plate creating the largest mountain ranges in the world. The remaining 5%
are scattered around other plate boundaries or are intraplate earthquakes.
28) What is the writer’s main purpose?
a) to entertain
b) to argue
c) to explain
d) to convince
29) What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
a) that earthquakes happen in all oceans.
b) that energy in the earth causes earthquakes.
c) that land earthquakes are called Rings of Fire.
d) that earthquakes are the worst natural disasters.

Passage 4
(Brand)
1) A brand creates value for business over and what its products and services are worth.
It communicates what the business is about and may encompass much more than its
products, often including the business’ value. Creating a brand identity is important for
both large and small businesses in that it creates a unique identity that communicates
to the marketplace. A brand is the image the customer has of the product or company.
It conveys the nature of the user, a personality, core values, a culture, product benefits
and product attributes. Attributes include price, safety, quality, and performance.
Benefits are what the customer gets from the product which may include functional
benefits along with image benefits. A strong brand will have a strong emotional appeal
and captures the top of the pyramid.
2) Customers have varying levels of perception of brand. Brand awareness is when
customers know what the brand is. When this awareness is present, the company has
captured customer mind share. Brand preference is when the customer will choose the
brand if it is available but may choose another brand if it is not. Brand loyalty is when
the customer will only choose that brand. Brand loyalty connotes capture of heart
share. This all culminates in increasing market share. Brand loyalty translates into brand
equity or a value assigned to the brand. Businessweek estimates that the Top 2009
brand, Coca Cola, is worth $68 Billion.

30) Which of the following statements about “performance” does paragraph (1)
support?
a) It’s one of the product benefits.
b) It’s what the business is about.

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c) It’s about the user’s personality.

d) It’s one of the product attributes.
31) Which of the following statements about “brand” does paragraph (2) support?
a) All customers have brand loyalty.
b) Brand preference means brand quality.
c) Brand loyalty helps increase the market share.
d) Customers all understand brand in the same way.
32) Which of the following statements about a strong brand does paragraph (1)
support?
a) It must be safe.
b) It must attract everyone.
c) It must be successful in the market.
d) It must create an emotional connection.
33) Which sentence gives the main idea of paragraph (2)?
a) Customers have varying levels of perception of brand.
b) Brand awareness is when customers know what the brand is.
c) This all culminates in increasing market share.
d) Brand loyalty translates into brand equity or a value assigned to the brand.
34) What is the main idea in the passage?
a) A brand is all about communications
b) A brand must only focus on image benefits.
c) A brand can only be successful if the customer only chooses it over other brands.
d) A brand is important because it makes the customer know the importance of a
certain business.

Passage 5
(Plants)
1) Hundreds of thousands of different kinds of plants grow on Earth. Some plants are so
small that people can hardly see them. Others are trees that grow as tall as buildings.
Most plants have several things in common. For example, they need sunshine, water,
and air to grow. They are not able to move around.
2) Plants grow nearly everywhere on Earth. Most plants grow in soil or dirt. They get the
water and nutrients or food they need from the soil. But some plants do not need soil.
Plants called epiphytes grow on hard surfaces, such as other plants or rocks. They get
most of the water and nutrients they need from rain and the air. Still other plants float
in water such as water lilies and lotus plants.
3) Plants are very important to life on Earth. They provide food for people and animals.
They also make the oxygen that other living things breathe. Plants produce the oxygen
as part of the process of photosynthesis.
4) Human beings use planets in countless ways. For example, they get many foods,
drinks, and flavorings from plants. They build homes from wood and many other parts

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of plants. People also burn wood for heat and energy. Many of the fibers used to make
cloth come from plants, especially cotton. Other useful things made from plants such as
medicines, paper, chewing gum, cork, rubber, and cocoa butter.
5) People also use flowers for decoration. They plant trees and flowers in their yards
and in large formal gardens.
35) What is one important idea related to plants that the writer mentions in paragraph
(2)?
a) Plants have different size.
b) Plants are useful for life.
c) Water lilies grow in water.
d) Plants grow in different places.
36) What is one important idea related to plants that the writer mentions in paragraph
(4)?
a) Plants are used for decoration.
b) Plants provide food and oxygen.
c) Plants are useful in several ways.
d) Plants are used to make fibres.
37) What are lotus plants an example of?
a) Plants that grow in soil.
b) Plants that grow in water.
c) Plants that grow on hard surfaces.
d) Plants that produce paper and fibres.
38) What is the main topic of the passage?
a) the importance of plants.
b) how to grow plants at home.
c) the use of plants in decoration.
d) how to grow plants around cities.

Passage 6
(Overfishing the Seas)
1) In 1950, about 1.7 million fishing vessels of all shapes and sizes plied the world's
oceans, but just 20 percent of them had motors, limiting their range and the amount of
fish they could collect. Now, 65 years later, the number of boats has jumped to 3.7
million fishing vessels, 68 percent of which are motorized in some form, an increase
that is putting more and more pressure on the world's oceans.
2) The boom in fishing vessels doesn't mean there's plenty of fish in the sea. In fact, it's
quite the opposite. To understand the health of fisheries, ecologists calculate "catch per
unit of effort (CPUE)" or the amount of effort and resources it takes to catch a fish.
Fishing boats today only catch about 20 percent of the fish for the same amount of
effort as boats in 1950.
3) The increase in fishing vessels, however, did not happen evenly across the globe.
While fish stocks in most of North America, Europe and Australia have stabilized in
recent decades due to more stringent regulations, that's not the case in much of the

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rest of the world. Fleets in Asia, for example, have increased by 400 percent over the
same time period. And the number of fishing boats hitting the water won't decrease
anytime soon-the study estimates that by 2050, another 1 million fishing boats will be
chasing fish.
4) And there's not that much left to go around. According to the United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development, 90 percent of the world's fish stocks are either
currently overused or completely exhausted.

39) What does the passage conclude about the world’s fish stock?
a) Twenty percent less fish are being caught.
b) Fish stock is stabilizing around the world.
c) It is overused or completely exhausted.
d) Fish stock is about to recover.
40) How can countries stabilize their fish stock?
a) decrease the number of fishing vessels with motors.
b) fish in different locations.
c) decrease the number of fishing vessels in Asia.
d) create stringent regulations.
41) Why does the writer use the term “however” in paragraph (3)?
a) to show growth number of fishing boats was different in different parts of the world.
b) to show that number of vessels and number of fish are similar.
c) to show the number of boats is because of the number of fish.
d) to show why the number of boats has increased.
42) Which word can we use to replace the word “stabilized” in paragraph (3)?
a) changed
b) preserved
c) replenished
d) depleted
43) What does the writer think about the stringent regulations some countries employ?
a) They are increasing over time.
b) Their effect is minimal on vessels.
c) They are having a positive effect on fish stocks.
d) They work for some countries.

Passage 7
(Vitamin D)
1) Vitamin D is the only vitamin that the body can manufacture, when the skin is
exposed to sunlight. However, for 6 months of the year (October to April), much of
Western Europe does not receive enough UV rays in sunlight to make vitamin D in the
skin. So, many people living there are at risk of not getting enough vitamin D unless
they get it in their diet. Also, people who have darker skin, such as people of African,

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Passage 8 (Graph – 10 Biggest Airlines by Passengers)

47) According to the graph, which airline served the fewest number of passengers?
a) Air Canada
b) Air China
c) easyJet
d) Lufthansa

Passage 9
(Velocity)
1) The velocities described in the above examples are average velocities. The velocity of
an object at any moment in time is known as its instantaneous velocity. The
instantaneous velocity is the speed in a stated direction at a particular moment in time.
2) Since displacement and velocity have both magnitude (size or strength) and
direction, they are called vector quantities. These quantities cannot be specified
completely by a number. They must be demonstrated using arrows. Another example
of a vector quantity is acceleration. Speed, which has magnitude but not direction, is
not a vector quantity. Like all vectors. velocity can also be represented graphically by an
arrow whose length is proportional to its magnitude.
48) The word “represented” in paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to……….
a) illustrated
b) stated
c) analyzed
d) increased

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49) The word “specified” in paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to……….

a) changed
b) affected
c) explained
d) decreased

Passage 10
(Solids, Liquids, and Gases)
1) Matter exists in two principle forms: solid and fluid. Fluid is further sub-divided into
liquid and gas. Distinguishing features among these are:

2) The solids, liquids and gases exhibit different characteristics on account of their
different molecular structure. Spacing and the latitude of the motion of molecules is
large in a gas, small in a liquid and extremely small in a solid. Accordingly, the
intermolecular bonds are very weak in a gas, weak in a liquid and very strong in a solid.
It is due to these aspects that solid is very compact and rigid in form, liquid
accommodates itself to the shape of its container, and gas fills up the whole of the
vessel containing it.
50) The word “exhibit” in paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to……….
a) display
b) view
c) share
d) include
51) The word “accommodates” in paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to……….
a) attaches
b) allows
c) fits
d) divides
52) The word “principle” in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to……….
a) primary
b) large
c) weak
d) whole
Passage 11
What are the economics of meat?
1) Food and farming is one of the biggest economic sectors in the world. We are no
longer in the 14th century, when as much as 76% of the population worked in
agriculture but farming still employs more than 26% of all workers globally. And that
does not include the people who work along the meat supply chain: the slaughterers,
packagers, retailers and chefs.
2) Recently, the world's meat production was estimated at 317 metric tons, and that is
expected to continue to grow. Figures for the value of the global meat industry vary
wildly from $90bn to as much as $741bn, but it is in fact, closer to the upper end.

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3) Although the number of people directly employed by farming is currently less than
2% in the UK, the food chain now includes the agribusiness companies, the retailers,
and the entertainment sector. According to the UK Department for Environment, in
2014 the food and drink manufacturing sector contributed £27bn to the economy, and
employed 3.8 million people.
What about its cultural and social importance?
4) Is meat still crucial to human life? Some nutritionists argue that, just because we've
always eaten meat, that doesn't mean we always have to. If we can get all the dietary
nutrients and protein that we need elsewhere, should we?
5) Well, cooked meat may have been partially responsible for the large brains that
characterize humans and put us where we are now. Cooking made calories from meat
(and from vegetables) easier to consume and absorb than in a raw form.
How has meat production changed?
6) The old-fashioned vision of a mixed farm with wheat and chickens and cattle still
exists. More than half of the farms in the US, for example, were small enough in 2012 to
have sales of less than $10,000 dollars. But the 20th century saw the application of the
principles of the industrial revolution to agriculture - how could inputs be minimized
and profits be maximized?
7) The result was the factory farm, first for chickens, and more recently cattle. Producers
discovered that animals could be kept inside, and fed grain, and could be bred to grow
more quickly and get fatter in the right places.
53) What two words does the writer use to talk about 14th century industry?
a) farming and chefs
b) agriculture and retailers
c) retailers and chefs
d) farming and agriculture
54) Which of the following is an opinion?
a) Meat production will continue to grow.
b) Few people work farming in the UK.
c) The meat industry is worth closer to $174 million.
d) In the UK, 3,8 million are employed and 27 billion is made by the food industry.
55) How is the writer’s view on eating meat different from some nutritionists’ view?
a) He believed meat is not essential.
b) He believes humans cannot function at all without meat.
c) He believes meat negatively affects human health.
d) He believes meat is important for human development.
56) What can we understand about modern farming from Paragraphs (6) and (7)?
a) More can be produced for less effort.
b) It is part of the industrial revolution.
c) Profits for farmers have been falling.
d) All animals are now kept inside.

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Passage 12
Strong winds will raise dust and sand, reducing visibility over the northern and
central Kingdom between Makkah and Madinah, with the possibility of increasing
temperatures over these regions. Suspended haze will spread over Qassim, Hail and
northern parts of the Riyadh region, limiting visibility and making driving hazardous.
Parts of the central and eastern Kingdom will be partly cloudy, with chances of rain.
Storm clouds may form over the southwestern and Western highlands, including
Abha. Baha and Taif.

57) Which parts of the Kingdom may receive rain?

a) the central and eastern parts
b) the central and northern parts
c) the northern and eastern parts
d) the northern and western parts
58) The forecast for Makkah and Medina is………….
a) clear and sunny
b) stormy and cool
c) rainy and cool
d) dusty and hot
59) Which city may expect to see storm clouds?
a) Makkah
b) Riyadh
c) Hail
d) Baha
60) Where will it probably be difficult to see clearly while driving?
a) Taif
b) Qassim
c) the western highlands
d) the eastern part of the Kingdom

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Model 40
Passage 1
A reputable travel and tourism company requires the following in the areas of Abha –
Jizan -
Khamis Mushait – Jeddah - Dammam:
Tour and Hotel Consultant
● Bachelor's degree in Hotel Management and Tourism
● Previous experience with travel and tourism agents
● Knowledge of and experience with visa procedures
● Fluency in English, spoken and written
● Proficiency in dealing with people
Airline Reservation Consultant
● Bachelor's degree
● Familiarity with reservation systems
● Fluency in English. spoken and written
● Neat appearance
Accountant
● Bachelor's degree in Accounting.
● Experience in dealing with the IATA system
● Fluency in English, spoken and written
Preference is given to Saudi nationals
21. Which qualifications are required for all three positions?
A fluent English and Saudi nationality
B ability to deal with people and a good appearance
C a bachelor’s degree and fluent English
D job experience and fluent English
22. What kind of company is trying to fill these positions?
A a hotel chain
B an accounting firm
C an airlines company
D a travel and tourism company
23. What information is NOT given the passage?
A academic requirements
B salaries and benefits
C job titles
D locations
Passage 2
The University administration made a questionnaire to find out about their services at
the student Union. The professors were all told to ask their students to fill out the
questionnaires and return them by the end of the semester.

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24. Who should respond to the questionnaires?

A NEITHER the students NOR the professors
B the students and the professors
C the professors
D the students

Passage 3
Introduction to Media studies
(1) introduction to Media studies is designed for students who have grown up in a
fast-changing multimedia environment and want to become informed and critical of
culture. Through a comparative and historical lens, the course outlines “media” as
including oral, print, photographic, and digital cultural forms and practices. The
course looks at the nature of mediated communication, the purpose of media, the
history of change in media and the organizations that help describe media’s place in
society.
(2) Over the course of the semester, we will explore different views on the role and
power of media in changing our social values, political views, aspects, and behaviors
students will also have the opportunity to analyze media texts (such as films and
televisions shows) and explore the meaning of the changes that happen when
particular story is changed from print to visual forms in different time periods. We
will look at the ways in which class, generation, and race influence both the making
and reception of media. To offer different views on media, several guest speakers will
also present lecture. Students will have many opportunities to take part in critical
discussions in the field as well as explore the role of media in their own lives through
the readings, lectures, and discussions as well as their own writing and oral
presentations.
(3) Course Requirements: The class meets every Monday and Wednesday for 1,5
hours. On Monday evening, there is a required discussion section for 3 hours.
Screenings take place for 2 hours, and discussion sections meet, for 1 hour. After our
1.5 hours-lecture #2, we begin with a long discussion section for 2.5 hours.
A handout on section assignments will be given during lecture #3. These
assignments may be different from those students already have. Screenings begin on
the evening of lecture #5. The course is 15 weeks and each week includes an
assigned reading relevant to the topics covered.
(4) Attendance and Participation: Attendance and Participation in class and section
are very important and count for 15% of your grade. It is essential that you attend
class and participate regularly. If you have more than three absences, you may lose
marks on your final grade. If you are absent because of a personal or medical
emergency, please contact the instructor or your section leader as soon as possible
and set up a plan to complete missed course work. In the event that you miss a class
or section to review the material covered.
(5) Written and Oral Assignments: Over the course of the semester, we will stress
ways for successful writing and oral presentations in social sciences. By the end of the

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semester, you will have completed 25-30 pages of writing and three oral
presentations.
(6) Grading: It is very important that assignments (written and oral) be submitted by
their due dates; late submission or presentation of work may lead to a lowered final
grade. In the event of a personal or medical emergency, please contact the instructor
and your section leader as soon as possible. At the end of the course, you will be
graded on your four essays, short writing exercises, oral presentations, and general
class and section attendance/participation.

25. How many oral presentations do you have to submit for this course?
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
26. How long is the class on Wednesday?
A 1.5 hours
B 2.5 hours
C 3 hours
D 3.5 hours
27. How many readings are given in the course?
A 10
B 15
C 25
D 30
Passage 4
Sleep well, Play Better
(1) Footballers, as of recent, have begun truly understanding the importance of a
good night’s sleep. The change began over twenty years back, in the 1990s, when
a mattress salesman, contacted the manager of the Manchester United football
team, Alex Ferguson, asking whether he had ever considered how sleep affected
performance on the pitch. Interested, Ferguson, arranged for the salesman to give
a presentation to his team. Before long, the whole team had new mattresses and
pillows, and that salesman soon became football’s leading mattress advisor. In
1998, he supplied mattresses for England’s World Cup team, and at the 2004
Euros, he created individual sleep routines for every player.
(2) Now, many teams and players are making an effort to improve their sleep habits,
using varied means. Manchester City player Sergio Aguero, for example, was
finding it hard to sleep because his muscular body prevented his legs from
closing when he lay on his side. He got a new mattress which matched his height
and weight, thus keeping his neck and back straight in the night. Meanwhile,
James Milner from Manchester City found it hard to sleep after evening games,
so he would play computer games into the early hours. As a result, he was too

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tired to train the following morning. Setting a routine with a late bedtime, early
rise and afternoon nap helped to fix this problem.
28. What is one key factor that improves the performance of footballers?
A sleeping well
B extra exercise after matches
C sleeping with legs closed
D presentations on good health
29. What did the salesman do at the 2004 Euros?
A He made sleep routines for players.
B He sold special mattresses for players.
C He gave a big presentation.
D He met with coaches to advise them.
30. What is one way special mattresses can help players?
A holding their legs closed
B using advanced design technology
C matching their height and weight
D massaging muscles
31. What is the main idea of passage?
A Sleeping well is important for footballers.
B Bad pillows can make your neck hurt.
C A sleep routine is more important than a mattress.
D Footballers should go to bed early.

Passage 5
Immigration to the United States
1) The United States experienced major waves of immigration during the colonial era,
the first part of the 19th century and from the 1880s to 1920. Many immigrants came
to America seeking greater economic opportunity, while some, such as the Pilgrims
in the early 1600s, arrived in search of religious freedom. From the 17th to 19th
centuries, hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans came to America against their
will. The first significant federal legislation restricting immigration was the 1882
Chinese Exclusion Act. Individual states regulated immigration prior to the 1892
opening of Ellis Island, the country's first federal immigration station. New laws in
1965 ended the quota system that favored European immigrants, and today, the
majority of the country's immigrants hail from Asia and Latin America.
2) From its earliest days, America has been a nation of immigrants, starting with its
original inhabitants, who crossed the land bridge connecting Asia and North America
tens of thousands of years ago. By the 1500s, the first Europeans, led by the Spanish
and French, had begun establishing settlements in what would become the United
States. In 1607, the English founded their first permanent settlement in present-day
America at Jamestown in the Virginia Colony
3) Some of America's first settlers came in search of freedom to practice their faith. In
1620, a group of roughly 100 people later known as the Pilgrims fled religious

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persecution in Europe and arrived at present- day Plymouth, Massachusetts, where

they established a colony. They were soon followed by a larger group seeking
religious freedom, the Puritans, who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony. By
some estimates, 20,000 Puritans migrated to the region between 1630 and 1640.
4) A larger share of immigrants came to America seeking economic opportunities.
However, because the price of passage was steep, an estimated one-half or more of
the white Europeans who made the voyage did so by becoming indentured servants.
Although some people voluntarily indentured themselves, others were kidnapped in
European cities and forced into servitude in America. Additionally, thousands of
English convicts were shipped across the Atlantic as indentured servants.
5) Another group of immigrants who arrived against their will during the colonial
period were enslaved people from West Africa. The earliest records of slavery in
America include a group of approximately 20 Africans who were forced into
indentured servitude in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. By 1680, there were some 7,000
Africans in the American colonies, a number that ballooned to 700,000 by 1790,
according to some estimates. Congress outlawed the importation of enslaved people
to the United States as of 1808, but the practice continued. The U.S. Civil War (1861-
1865) resulted in the emancipation of approximately 4 million enslaved people.
Although the exact numbers will never be known, it is believed that 500,000 to
650,000 Africans were brought to America and sold into slavery between the 17th
and 19th centuries.
(6) Another major wave of immigration occurred from around 1815 to 1865. The
majority of these newcomers hailed from Northern and Western Europe.
Approximately one-third came from Ireland, which experienced a massive famine in
the mid-19th century. In the 1840s, almost half of America's immigrants were from
Ireland alone. Typically impoverished, these Irish immigrants settled near their point
of arrival in cities along the East Coast. Between 1820 and 1930, some 4.5 million Irish
migrated to the United States.
(7) Also in the 19th century, the United States received some 5 million German
immigrants. Many of them journeyed to the present-day Midwest to buy farms or
congregated in such cities as Milwaukee, St. Louis and Cincinnati. In the national
census of 2000, more Americans claimed German ancestry than any other group.
(8) During the mid-1800s, a significant number of Asian immigrants settled in the
United States. Lured by news of the California gold rush, some 25,000 Chinese had
migrated there by the early 1850s.
32. When did the pilgrims come to America?
A in the early 1600s
B in the 19th century
C during the mid-1800s
D during the 20th century
33. Why did many immigrants come to America?
A to find greater economic opportunity
B to continue their higher education

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C to work as servants
D to search for gold
34. How many Irish migrated to the United States between 1820 and 1930?
A 4 million
B 4.5 million
C 5 million
D 6 million

Passage 6
Britain and the European Union, 1973-2020
(1) The United Kingdom (UK) joined the European Economic Community in 1973,
which later became the European Union (EU) in 1992 when EU nations agreed on
four economic freedoms - the free movement of workers, good, services, and capital.
(2) In 1992 people in the UK started to take advantage of this freedom of movement.
Now there are about two million British citizens living in Spain. Another one million
people live in other countries in Europe. They migrated there to work in banks and
other service industries.
(3) In 2004, Eastern European nations, such as Poland, were given membership to the
EU. Poland was poor due to the failure of the communist government which
collapsed in the late 1980s. With EU membership came opportunity. Young Poles
were able to find better paid work in the UK, so in 2004 thousands of well-trained
and educated Polish workers moved there to find work as doctors, engineer,
mechanics, and nurses. Many returned to Poland later in the decade when workers’
pay in Poland surged due to better economic conditions.
(4) People in the UK also benefitted from the free movement of goods and services.
Supermarkets all over Britain brought in products from all over Europe. They started
to sell a much wider variety of products. Food from France, Italy, Denmark, and
Ireland was found in most supermarkets. In terms of the service sector, banks
benefitted the most from trade with EU nations because of the free movement of
capital and services.
(5) The UK left the EU in 2020.

35. The word migrated in Paragraph (2) is closet in meaning to ………….. .

A left
B studied
C moved
D returned
36. The word surged in Paragraph (3) is closet in meaning to …………….. .
A increased
B finished
C dropped
D started

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37. What lead to thousands of polish workers moving to the UK in 2004?

A There were escaping the communist government.
B They were well-trained and educated.
C The salaries in the UK were high.
D There was NO work in Poland.
38. What was one important effect of the free movement of goods?
A people had more choice in supermarkets.
B The NHS employed many polish nurses.
C Banks could trade in different countries.
D British people could live in Spain.

Passage 7

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Age of first-time mothers in 1980 and 2016

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39. in 2016, what percentage of women became first-time mothers at age 20?

A 2%
B 4%
C 6%
D 8%
40. In 1980, what was the most common age to become a first-time mother?
A 19
B 20
C 21
D 22

Passage 8
A brief History of the Internet in Saudi Arabia
(1) while the Internet has developed into a pivotal tool in world communications,
Saudi Arabia was quite late in connecting it to the public, compared with developed
or even other developing countries (Al-Hajery 2004). The delay in lunching the
Internet in Saudi Arabia came from the government’s concerns and reservations
about the effects of such a new service on their conservative culture. In Saudi Arabia,

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academic institutions were the first sectors to the use Internet before it was available
to the public.
(2) According to Al-Tawil (2001), “King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
(KFUPM) in Dhahran was the first educational institution to connect the Internet in
1993 through its satellite station at the college of Computer Sciences and
Engineering” (p.2). However, due to the law speed of the connection, only email was
provided to KFUPM. Later, King Abdulaziz City for science and Technology (KACST),
an independent scientific organization administratively reporting to KFUPM using a
64-kbps channel from the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center
(KSHRC). In 1995, KACST started to try to get more universities in Saudi Arabia
connected to the Internet through the KSHRC. The KSHRC was, itself, already
connected to the Internet through its own satellite station (Al-Hajery 2004). King
Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh and King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Jeddah were
among the first to join and have the Internet available to their academics.
(3) In March 1997, the Council of Ministers officially issued Decree Number 163. This
gave the responsibility of introducing Internet service, in terms of organization and
operation within Saudi Arabia, to KACST. Qualifications for Internet Services Providers
(ISPs) were announced by KACST in December 1998, and KACST cooperatively
worked with the Saudi telecommunication infrastructure in the country. It provides
the linkage between customers and ISPs, between ISPs and the KACST network”
(MOCIT,2003, p.8).
(4) KACST established an Internet Service Unit (ISU) with responsibility of making the
service available to the public, while, at the same time, protecting the values and
Islamic beliefs of the Saudi society (Al-Tawil 2001). KACST is directly responsible for
filtering information provided by different sites on the Internet before passing them
to users within the country. KACST also “manages and operates the international
lines through which the national Internet network is connected to the international
network; it supervises the Internet gateway and blocks undesirable sites” (MOCIT,
2003, P. 8).

(5) The service provider functioned as a Saudi exchange point, worked to raise public
awareness of the Internet, formulated rules and regulations to govern the use of the
Internet in the Saudi Arabian community, and operated the Saudi domain name
system.
(6) Early on from 1998, STC was the only Internet service provider in Saudi Arabia. But
in May 2005, Mobily, a new telecommunications company, launched the Saudi
Arabian mobile market. Three years later, August 2008, Zain joined the Saudi Arabian
mobile market as another ISP, introducing 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) services.
Also in 2008, Saudi Telecom started the 3G deployment process, promising reliability,
and speed, as well as better digital communication services (Chanchary and Islam
2011).
(7) Although, the Internet was only made available to the public in 1999, Saudi Arabia
has grown greatly in this area, especially in terms of connectivity. There has been a

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notable increase in the number of Internet users in Saudi Arabia. For instance, the
total number of Internet subscribers in Saudi Arabia increased dramatically from
100,000 Internet users in 1999 to one million Internet users in 2001. At the end of
2013, that number reached 16.5 million Internet users, representing 55.1 % of the
country's total population (CITC, 2014; MOCIT, 2003). Alebaikan and Troudi (2010)
stated that "it is estimated that Internet use will continue growing rapidly in Saudi
Arabia, which raises an issue of providing new learning strategies that include use of
technology" (p. 51). It is predicted that over 30 million people, about 90% of the
population will be Internet users before 2020 and that will approach 100% in 2030.
(8) All universities, colleges and other educational institutions in Saudi Arabia have
free Internet access. Faculty, for example, use email and develop classroom home
pages that provide information about classes, course content, general instructions,
exercises, assignments, examples, useful links, and literature references to facilitate
the teaching process. The Internet also motivates students to get immediate access
to information, find convenient references, and study independently. Lastly,
numerous hospitals in Saudi Arabia as well as banks and corporations are offering
more of their services online.
41. How many Internet users were there in Saudi Arabia in 1999 and 2013?
A 1 million and 20 million
B 1 million and 16.5 million
C 100,000 and 1 million
D 100,000 and 16.5 million
42. When did Mobily and Zain start providing mobile Internet services?
A 1993 and 1999
B 1998 and 2005
C 1998 and 2008
D 2005 and 2008
43. Which two organizations connected to the Internet through their own
satellite stations in the 1990s?
A KSU and KACST
B KFUPM and KSHRC
C KFUPM and KACST
D KACST and KSHRC

Passage 9
Fortified foods
(1) A nutrient is a substance that provides the nourishment essential for growth and
the maintenance of life. Examples of nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, minerals,
and vitamins. Manufacturers often add nutrients to improve their products. Foods
that have supplementary nutrients are called fortified foods.
(2) One reason to add nutrients is to restore what is lost during the production
process. These lost nutrients are returned at the end of the process. For example, B

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group vitamins are usually added back into white flour because they are lost during
the milling of the wheat.
(3) A second reason is to improve the quality of staple foods and help give the
health of a population a boost. Foods such as rice, orange juice, eggs, and breakfast
cereals, which are consumed by large numbers of people, are fortified to help people
meet their nutritional requirements.
(4) Manufacturers also add nutrients to foods for promotional reasons. Some food
products may have nutrients added to them to make them more appealing to
consumers. For example, some bread products have omega 3 added, because this is
what customers want to buy even though most people get enough omega 3 through
other foods.

44. The word staple in Paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………………..

A common
B cheap
C fast
D rare
45. The word promotional in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to
A educational
B marketing
C opposite
D personal

Passage 10
Elements and compounds
(1) All substances are made from minuscule particles (or parts) called atoms. An
element is a substance made up of one type of atom only. An atom is the smallest
part of an element that can exist. Atoms of each element are represented by their
own chemical symbol. For reply the symbol O represents an atom of oxygen, and
represents an atom of hydrogen.
(2) A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements that are
combined with a chemical bond. The elements in a compound are present in fixed
proportions. For example, carbon dioxide always has 12 g of carbon for every 32 g of
oxygen.
(3) A chemical formula can be used to represent a compound. The formula shows the
symbols for each element in the compound and the number of atoms of each
element in a unit of the compound. For example, water is always made up of two
elements of hydrogen at one of oxygen. Its formula is H20. This shows that it has two
atoms of hydrogen for every one atom of oxygen.

46. The word minuscule in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to

A hot
B tiny

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C fast
D heavy
47. The word proportions in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to
A places
B lengths
C amounts
D colours
Passage 11
Psychology: A Behaviorist View
(1) Behaviorists study how environmental influences (called stimuli) affect behavior
(called the response) and they propose two main ways of learning. They call these
"classical conditioning" and "operant conditioning".
(2) The Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) studied classical conditioning
He trained dogs to produce saliva (response) when they heard a bell (stimulus). In the
first part of the training, he linked the sound of the bell with the arrival of food. He
rang the bell when he gave his dogs some food. After a while he rang the bell but
did not present food to the dogs. He found that the sound of the new stimulus
(sound of the bell) was enough to produce the response (dogs produce saliva).
Psychologists have used classical conditioning successfully with people too. It is
possible. to use classical conditioning techniques to help people beat their fears and
give up using drugs.
(3) B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) was one of the first scientists to study operant
conditioning. He also did experiments with animals and trained them to change their
behavior. In his experiments, he rewarded or punished an animal for a certain
behavior. He found that when he rewarded a behavior, by giving the animal some
food, the animal tended to repeat it. However, when he punished a behavior, the
animal tended NOT to repeat it. Using this method, he conditioned birds to play a
kind of table tennis and press buttons to receive food.
(4) Behaviorists believe in scientific method and controlled experiments. They also
believe that we should only study behavior that we can observe. They reject the idea
that people have free will and believe that only the environment shapes behavior.
However, cognitive psychologists have criticized behaviorism. They argue that
biology as well as environment is important in learning behaviors. They think that
human behavior is much more complicated and that behaviorists fail to explain more
complex learning such as how quickly humans can learn language. They also argue
that because most studies used animals, it is hard to use the results for human
behavior.
48. What word other than "trained" does the writer use top talk about teaching
new behaviors?
A linked
B punished
C rewarded
D conditioned

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49. Which one of the following does the writer say is an opinion?
A The ideas from classical conditioning can help people with their health
B Operant conditioning can be used to teach animals to play games.
C Psychologists can only study behavior that they can observe.
D People's behavior can be studied using scientific method.
50. How is the behaviorists' view about learning different from the view of
cognitive psychologists?
A They believe that the environment is the ONLY thing that affects learning.
B They believe that BOTH the environment AND biology affects learning.
C They believe that people can learn languages very quickly.
D They believe that animals can learn simple language.
51. What can we understand from the passage about B. F. Skinner?
A He was a cognitive psychologist.
B He worked in the United States.
C He worked with Pavlov.
D He was a behaviorist.
52. What can we understand from the passage about experiments on animals?
A They can help people understand the best way to diet.
B They can help explain some human learning.
C They can help explain language learning.
D They are cruel and hurt animals

Passage 12
Inflation
Passage A
(1) The rate of inflation can be measured by observing changes in the average price
of an unchanging set of goods and services, a so-called market basket. Inflation is
generally measured using a price index, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). A
price index is constructed by dividing the price of a market basket in a given year by
the price of the same basket of goods in a base year. The rate of inflation is then
measured by calculating the percentage change in the price index across different
periods. For example, the CPI was 260 in October 2020 and 277 in November 2021,
which amounts to an inflation rate of 6.5% over this 12-month period.
(2) Alternative price indexes will use different goods within their market baskets and
are used for different purposes. For example, the CPI includes consumer goods and
services typically purchased by households which is often used to adjust household
incomes for inflation over time. By contrast, the gross domestic product (GDP)
deflator, which is generally used to adjust GDP for inflation over time, measures
inflation for all of the final goods and services produced in the USA There are a
number of additional measures of inflation. including the Producer Price Index,
Employment Cost Index, and Import/Export Price Index. Different inflation measures
are calculated differently. For example, the CPI uses a fixed basket of goods and

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services, whereas the GDP deflator allows the composition of its market basket to
change with spending patterns from period to period.
Passage B
Consumers' cost of living depends on the prices of many goods and services and the
share of each in the household budget. To measure the average consumer's cost of
living, government agencies conduct household surveys to identify a basket of
commonly purchased items and follow over time the cost of purchasing this basket.
(Housing expenses, including rent and mortgages, constitute the largest part of the
consumer basket in the United States.) The cost of this basket at a given time
expressed relative to a base year is the consumer price index (CPI), and the
percentage change in the CPI over a certain period is consumer price inflation, the
most widely used measure of inflation. (For example, if the base year CPI is 100 and
the current CPI is 110, inflation is 10 percent over the period.)

53. What do Passages A and B say about inflation?

A It is measured using the Producer Price Index, Employment Cost Index and
Import/Export Price Index.
B Inflation rates in the USA are calculated differently compared to most other
countries.
C It is measured by dividing the price of an index in a given year by its price in a
base year.
D in 2021, the inflation rate was 6.5%, whereas in 2020 it was 3,9%.
54. What do Passages A and B say about a basket or baskets?
A A basket represents a fixed set of goods and services.
B A basket refers to a collection of items, such as goods and services.
C In the USA, the cost of housing makes up a significant part of the consumer
basket.
D There are several types of baskets used by the various indexes, for example, the
import/export basket.
55. What do Passages A and B say about the Consumer Price Index (CPI)?
A Its value stood at 260 in October 2020.
B It includes rent and medical costs.
C It is used to calculate a particular type of inflation.
D Its make-up reflects changing spending patterns over time.
56. What do Passages A and B say about the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
deflator?
A It is of great significance to policymakers.
B It is used to measure inflation rates of whole countries.
C Along with the Producer Price Index, it is used to adjust GDP for inflation.
D In many countries in the world it is used differently compared to the way it is
used in the USA.

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Passage 13
Hijama
(1) Hijama, also known as "cupping", was one of the treatments recommended by
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It is still practiced in some parts of the
world and has many medical benefits. When Hijama is performed, small cuts are
made at specific body sites, and impure blood is taken out. This blood is collected in
small glass "cups". Afterwards, the body feels refreshed and energized, having been
cleansed of impurities and toxins or poisons.
(2) Hijama can sometimes offer relief where other forms of treatment or medications
have failed. It is highly recommended in cases of lethargy and dullness, and for
people with headaches, indigestion or sleeping problems. These complaints can be
signs that the body is suffering from some form of toxicity.
(3) A qualified Hijama practitioner must use clean instruments and utensils and
perform the therapy carefully and with great sensitivity. Treatment is often performed
on the 17th, the 19th, or the 21st of the lunar month. When done in coordination
with a healthy diet and exercise. Hijama can give long-lasting, satisfactory results.
Ideally, it should be done at least once a year
57. According to Paragraph (2), Hijama is used to treat all of the following
EXCEPT………….
A signs of toxicity
B indigestion
C lethargy
D cuts on the body
58. According to Paragraph (2), what is the cause of some headaches?
A cleansed blood
B sleeping problems
C toxins in the body
D failed medication
59. According to Paragraph (3), how often should Hijama be performed on a
person?
A 3 days every month
B once every lunar month
C every other month
D once a year or more
60. What does the passage say about Hijama?
A It should NOT be used along with exercise
B It can give relief which lasts for 17, 19 or 21 days.
C It can put impure blood into the body using small glass "cups".
D It should be performed using clean instruments

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Model 41
Passage 1
1) Husayn ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina is well known in the Arab world simply as «Ibn Sina». He is
also well known in the West by the name «Avicenna» which simplifies the pronunciation.
In 980 A.D. Avicenna was born in Bukhara which is now part of Russia and known as
Uzben. By the age of 10, he was already proficient in the Qur'an and Arabic classics. By
the age of 16, he finished Islamic law studies, geometry, anatomy, logic and philosophy.
By the age of 18. he completed the study of medicine. Soon after that, he became the
Prime Minister and the physician of the Ruler of Bukhara. The Ruler was impressed by the
intelligence and endurance of his Prime Minister and opened for him Library which was
unique in its literary richness.
2) Avicenna's life was extraordinarily exhausting. All day long he was busy with his patients
and government work. At night, he was busy lecturing and writing books. After many
years of hard work and many achievements, Avicenna died in 1037 A.D. at the age of 57.
3) Avicenna wrote 100 treatises: 21 of them were major of which 16 were in medicine. He
wrote a book in medicine named Al Qanon fi Al Tibb. It was translated into many
languages. Al Qanon fi Al Tibb is an encyclopedia containing more than one million
words. It consists of five volumes.
21) The word “proficient” in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to………..
a) Skilled
b) Trained
c) Dedicated
d) Disciplined
22) According to par 1) why does the Western world use a different name for Ibn-Sina?
a) They did NOT like Arabic names.
b) They did NOT want the world to know his nationality.
c) Names change when used by speakers of a different language.
d) He did NOT speak their language.
23) According to Paragraph 1), Soon after Ibn Sina finished his study of medicine, he
became the …………
a) manager of the Royal Library.
b) assistant of the Prime Minister.
c) teacher of the Ruler of Bukhara.
d) doctor for the Ruler of Bukhara.
24) According to Paragraph 3), Al Qanon fi Al Tibb, consists of……..
a) 5 volumes.
b) 16 encyclopedias.
c) 21 chapters.
d) 100 treatises

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Passage 2
The Motor Car
1) The growth of the car has been an extraordinary story, as remarkable for its
destructive power as its benefits. Only 100 years ago, horses were the primary transport
and speeds across London were faster than they are today in a car. Yet London was
chocking in a sea of manure, and horses were an expensive luxury, so for the most part,
people simply did not travel far. By the end of the century, the world’s car makers
employed nearly four million people to produce 35,801,618 cars in a single year to add
the estimated 500 million in daily use around the globe.
2) The first self-propelled vehicle could have appeared around 350 years ago. In the
13th century, Roger Bacon mentioned the possibility of carriages propelled with the use
of animals, and in the 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci sketched a self-moving car, but
the first record of a powered vehicle comes from Astronomia Europea, published in
1687. It describes a small steam-powered model carriage constructed under Pierre
Verbiest. He spent a large part of his life in China and was appointed Astronomer Royal
to Emperor Kang-Hi. The small vehicle, apparently constructed around 1662, was fueled
with a pan of hot coals. Steam turned a simple turbine, which was geared to the front
axle of the vehicle.
3) The first successful steam wagon built by Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot in 1770 to pull
cannon also provided a lesson in the dangers of powered transport. His carriage hit the
wall of the Paris Arsenal to become the earliest recorded powered vehicle accident.
The First Test Drive
4) The motor car’s time came in the 19th century with the emergence of volatile fuels
such as coal, gas, and liquid petroleum spirit. In 1829, Samuel Brown of Brompton,
London, produced a vehicle powered by a four horsepower, gas-vacuum engine. This
was a true three-stroke internal combustion engine, but was uneconomical compared
with the steam engines of the time and little came of it.
5) In 1862, the French engineer Alphonse Beu de Rochas proposed four-stroke
explosion cycle, the basis on which almost all modern cars operate. Rocha's paper
coincided with the work of Nikolaus Otto, who had been developing the first
commercially available gas engine in 1860. In 1862, Otto prepared a gas-powered
engine that operated on the four-stroke cycle but it promptly blew to pieces. Otto was
then joined by Gottlieb Daimler, the son of a German baker, who patented a high-
speed petrol engine in 1876.
6) At the same time, in Mannheim, Karl Benz was working on a petrol tricycle. Benz’s
tricycle took to the streets in 1885, was patented the following year, and offered for sale
as the ‘patent motor wagon’ in 1887; the modern motor industry was born.
7) In August, Berta Benz borrowed her husband’s 1886 Benz tricycle-car without
permission. She packed provisions and her two young sons on board and drove off to
visit relatives in Pforzheim some 75 miles from Mannheim. On route, she had to refuel
with dry cleaning fluid when she ran out of fuel; she repaired a short circuit with garter
elastic, unblocked a fuel line with a hatpin and found a cobbler to reline a brake. She

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arrived safely and five days later she drove home again; it was the first ever long-
distance journey by motor car.
25) Who developed the gas engine that later blew to pieces?
a) Karl Benz
b) Nikolaus Otto
c) Samuel Brown
d) Alexander Graham Bell
26) In which year was the motor wagon offered for sale?
a) 1885
b) 1886
c) 1887
d) 1888
Passage 3
Two dimensional scanners
1) Two-dimensional scanners are the most common form of scanner and are generally
used to record hard-copy (paper) documents. The scanner is to copy paper documents
and put them into an electronic form which can be stored in a computer. Computers
which have optical character recognition (OCR) software can read text from the
scanned document and change it into a text-file format. This means the scanned image
can now be edited by a word processor such as MS Word. If the original document was
a photograph or image, then the scanned image forms an image file such as JPEG.

2) 2D scanners have many uses. One important use is at airports to read passports.
They make use of OCR technology to produce digital images of the passport pages.
Because of the OCR technology, these digital images can be used in a number of ways.
For example, the OCR software is able to review these images, select the text part and
then automatically put the text into the correct fields of an existing database. It is
possible for the text to be stored in ASCII format. It all depends on how the data is to
be used. At many airports the two-dimensional photograph in the passport is also
scanned and stored as a JPEG image. The passenger's face is also photographed using
a digital camera. The two digital images are compared using face recognition\detection
software.

27) What does Paragraph (1) say about optical character recognition technology?
a) It can be used to make Word documents.
b) It can be used to take photographs.
c) It has many formats like ASCII
d) It is difficult to use.
28) What does Paragraph (2) say about the way digital images can be used?
a) They can be used to record hard copy documents.
b) They can be used as identification documents.
c) They can be used instead of passports.
d) They can be used to recognize faces.

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d) They arranged elements in the periodic table in a specific way.

32) What is the element "eka-aluminium" an example of?
a) an element that the periodic table was able to predict.
b) an element that was discovered by Julian Meyer.
c) an element that has NOT been discovered yet.
d) an element that is NOT real.
33) What is the main topic of the passage?
a) current advances in chemistry.
b) discovering unknown chemical elements.
c) Julian Lothar Meyer's periodic table of elements.
d) finding patterns and the development of the periodic table.

Passage 5
Real Estate vs. Stocks
1) investing in real estate or stocks is a personal choice that depends on your financial
situation, risk tolerance, goals, and investment style. It's safe to assume that more
people invest in the stock market because it doesn't take as much time or money to
buy stocks. If you're buying real estate, you're going to have to save and put down a
substantial amount of money.
2) When you buy stocks, you buy a tiny piece of that company. In general, you can
make money two ways with stocks; value appreciation as the company's stock increases
and dividends.
3) When you buy real estate, you acquire physical land or property. Most real estate
investors make money by collecting rents and through the property's value going p.
Here are some things to consider when it comes to real estate and the risks associated
with it. The most important risk that people miss is that real estate requires a lot of
research. It's not something you can go into casually and expect immediate results and
returns. Real estate is not an asset that's easy to sell and take your cash.
4) Although real estate is not as easy to sell as stocks, the long-term cash flow provides
income and the increases in value. Despite this, it's important to consider the amount of
money that goes into real estate investments. You need to have the ability to secure a
down payment and financing if you aren't making all-cash deals. Other disadvantages
include the costs associated with property management and the investment of time
that goes into repairs and maintenance.
34) What does the passage say about investing?
a) Real estate investments can be more work than stocks.
b) Investing in stocks is riskier than real estate investing.
c) Stock investments require a lot of research.
d) Real estate investors make money quickly.
35) Why does the writer use the word Although in Paragraph (4)?
a) to explain an example of long-term cash flow and income.
b) to give more information about the difficulties of real estate investing.

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c) to show that the effort and outcome of real estate investing are different
d) to show that an increase in income and value are the result of investing.
36) Which word can we use to replace the word because in Paragraph (1)?
a) Besides
b) Although
c) Therefore
d) Since
37) What does the writer think about investing in stocks?
a) It's a good way to become rich.
b) It's a quick way to invest.
c) It takes too much time.
d) It's too risky.

Passage 6
West Nile Virus
1) West Nile is a virus that kills many types of birds. It also infects humans and other
mammals such as dogs and horses. Most human infections are mild, but some are
deadly. For years West Nile virus was found mostly in the Middle East, Africa, and
western Asia. In the 1990s it spread to Europe and the States.
2) West Nile virus is spread from bird to bird through mosquito bites, Mosquitoes also
carry the virus from birds to mammals. Unlike other viruses, the West Nile virus does
not pass from one person to another.
3) Only about one out of every five people infected with West Nile virus becomes ill.
The symptoms, or signs, of illness start 3 to 14 days after infection. They include fever,
headache, muscle aches, vomiting, and skin rash. These symptoms generally last a few
days. A small number of people infected with the virus become seriously ill. This mostly
happens to people over the Age of 50. In these people the virus reaches the brain,
causing a condition called encephalitis. Symptoms of encephalitis include severe
headache, high fever, neck stiffness, muscle weakness, and confusion. A person with
encephalitis may become paralyzed or die.
4) There is no cure for infection with West Nile virus. The best way to keep from getting
infected is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. Treatment focuses on relieving the
symptoms. In severe cases people need to stay in a hospital for treatment.
38) What is the reason for encephalitis?
a) It is spread by birds.
b) A person becomes paralyzed.
c) West Nile virus reaches the brain.
d) Having a fever and headache for 3 to 14 days.
39) What is one negative effect of West Nile Virus?
a) It does NOT pass from person to person.
b) It spread to the US in 1990.
c) It kills dogs and horses.
d) People can die from it.

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40) The word infections in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to……..

a) symptoms
b) treatments
c) accidents
d) illnesses
41) The word cure in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to………
a) hope
b) care
c) solution
d) change

Passage 7

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42) What was the value of meat alternative in the US?

a) 1,600 million dollars

b) 697 million dollars
c) 670 million dollars
d) 671 million dollars
43) Which type of plant-based food scored the lowest value in 2018?

a) egg substitutes
b) dairy alternative
c) tofu and tempeh
d) meat alternative

Passage 8

44) In 1980, what percentage of the US population was age 65 years or older?
a) 3%
b) 14%
c) 15%
d) 35%

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Passage 9
Vaccination efforts advancing throughout the Americas.
1) A year after the first news of the novel coronavirus, the nations of the Americas are
asking themselves if widespread vaccination will be the only way out of the pandemic
(worldwide disease). They do this in the middle of a new wave of infections that have
demonstrated the vulnerability of their backup plans, particularly in Latin America. The
vaccine seems now to be the only reasonable bet for governments that have not
managed to place extreme restrictions on the movements of their citizens, particularly
in economies with high levels of informal (or unofficial) employment.
2) Countries in Latin America that have announced the start of mass vaccination plans
include, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Dominican Republic,
Uruguay, and Venezuela. To the north, the United States and Canada both have their
vaccination campaigns well underway. The U.S., having distributed over 39 doses for
every 100 inhabitants, has the highest level of vaccination in North America. Chile,
having distributed over 47 doses per 100 people, has the highest level of vaccination in
South America and overall throughout the region.
Dominant vaccines in the region
3) The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, which requires two doses and has proven
95% effective in clinical trials ("effective" refers to the vaccine's ability to prevent serious
illness), is currently the most widely used throughout the Americas. Canada, Chile,
Costa Rica, Ecuador, the U.S. and Mexico are already using the shot, and Columbia
plans to begin large-scale use by the end of February. In Argentina, plans are underway
to begin use of the AstraZeneca vaccine, which requires two doses and has proven 70%
effective at preventing any level of infection. This is in addition to the Russian vaccine,
Sputnik V, which is being used currently. AstraZeneca, of English origin, has not yet
received approval in the United States. The Moderna vaccine has been approved and is
being widely used and distributed throughout the U.S. and Canada, but has been left
out of most vaccine packages purchased in Latin America, which could be attributed to
its high cost per unit. Only has confirmed a significant purchase of 10 million doses
from Moderna. In addition, the Colombian Government went ahead with the vaccine
developed by Johnson & Johnson, whose trial results in the large countries of Latin
America have demonstrated an efficacy or effectiveness of around 66%.
4) Although AstraZeneca and Pfizer are the two most used vaccines throughout the
Americas, some Latin American countries have also made purchases of vaccines of
Chinese and Russian origin. Chile has acquired as many as 60 million doses of
Coronavac, developed by the Chinese laboratory Sinovac. The efficacy or effectiveness
of this vaccine is registered as 50.3%, although studies carried out in Brazil initially
placed it at higher levels. Brazil has begun to immunize (to treat with a vaccine) their
health personnel with it. Argentina chose the Russian Sputnik V from the beginning
whose efficacy was recently shown to be over 90%, of which the country has already
received more than 600,000 doses. Before the results were released publicly, Argentine
President Alberto Fernández was one of the first people to receive the vaccine in his

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country, to try to eliminate the distrust of a sector of the population. In Mexico, around
24 million doses of this vaccine (Sputnik V) have been purchased, 200,000 of which are
expected shortly. The Bolivian population is now also being treated with Sputnik V.
following the arrival of 20,000 doses from Moscow. Follow up data reporting the
percentage of the population that has already received the vaccine is not yet available.
5) The vaccines differ not only in their ability to reduce or prevent symptoms, they also
differ in the way they work. The vaccines produced by Pfizer and Moderna send genetic
instructions to cells to create a specific protein that fights the coronavirus. These
vaccines must be kept extremely cold and require special freezers for storage. The
vaccines produced by AstraZeneca, Johnson & Joluson, and Gamaleya use a similar
technique known as vector vaccines" to fight the coronavirus, but this technology
allows the vaccines to be stored in a common refrigerator. China's Sinovac is a vaccine
that works by using harmless particles of Covid 19 itself, which, when injected, are
expected to produce an immune reaction (like the one actually registered in the tests)
in the body. These vaccines are all in some ways unique, but what is most important is
the way in which they all resemble one another. So far, they have all demonstrated the
ability to almost eliminate the probability of death from causes associated with COVID-
19. In the clinical trials of AstraZeneca, Coronavac, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, Pfizer,
and Sputnik V registered to date, no person has died whose death could be directly
related to the treatment.
45) What are the two most used vaccines throughout the Americas?
a) AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson
b) Coronavac and Sputnik V
c) Moderna and Pfizer
d) AstraZeneca and Pfizer
46) Which vaccines send genetic instructions to cells to create a specific protein that
fights the coronavirus?
a) Pfizer and Sinovac
b) Moderna and AstraZeneca
c) Pfizer and Moderna
d) AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson
47) Which Latin American countries are using the Russ Sputnik V vaccine?
a) Argentina, Mexico, and Bolivia.
b) Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia.
c) Chile, Brazil, and Argentina.
d) Columbia, Ecuador, and Brazil.

Passage 10
Pre-classical Economics
Although economic activity has been a characteristic of human culture since the dawn
of civilization, there was little formal analysis of that activity until merchant capitalism
developed in Western Europe during the fifteenth century. At that time the chiefly
agrarian European societies began increasingly to trade among themselves, setting the

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49) What idea do the words declared independence repeat?

a) did nothing at all
b) announced their freedom
c) put the president in prison
d) did well in the general election
50) Which one of the following is an opinion?
a) The world remains a dangerous place.
b) USA spent a lot of money on weapons.
c) Many Americans died in Vietnam.
d) Nobody won the Cold War.
51) How are Parker's ideas about the end of the Cold War different from the
Republicans"?
a) He thinks that only the Republicans' policies were important
b) He thinks that only the Democrats' policies were important
c) He thinks Gorbachev's and the Republicans' policies were important.
d) He thinks that the Democrats' and the Republicans' policies were important.
52) What can we understand from the passage about Mikhail Gorbachev?
a) He could speak several languages.
b) He was the Soviet Union's last president.
c) He wanted Poland to become independent.
d) He had several meetings with Harry Truman
53) What can we understand from the passage about the Soviet Union?
a) Its people were rich and lived well.
b) It fought a war with America in Vietnam.
c) It spent a lot of money on nuclear weapons.
d) It was the most powerful country in the world.

Passage 12
Passage A: Customer Value-Based Pricing
1) The price a company charges will fall somewhere between one that is too high to
produce any demand and one that is too low to produce any profit.
2) in the end, the customer will decide whether a product's price is right. Pricing
decisions, like other marketing mix decisions, must start with customer value. When
customers buy a product, they exchange something of value (the benefits of having or
using the product). Effective, customer-oriented pricing involves understanding how
much value consumers place on the benefits they receive from the product and setting
a price that captures this value.
3) Customer value-based pricing uses buyers' perceptions of value, not the seller's cost,
as the key to pricing. Value-based pricing means that the marketer cannot design a
product and marketing program and then set the price. Price is considered along with
the other marketing mix variables before the marketing program is set.

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4) Although costs are an important consideration in setting prices, cost-based pricing

often product driven. The company designs what it considers to be good product, adds
up the cost of making the product, and sets a price that covers costs plus a target
profit. Marketing must then convince buyers that the products value at that price
justifies its purchase. If the price turns out to be too high, the company must settle for
lower markups or lower sales, both resulting in disappointing profits.
Passage B: Good-Value Pricing
1) Recent economic events have caused a fundamental shift in consumer attitudes towards
price and quality. In response, many companies have changed their pricing approaches to
bring them into line with changing economic conditions and consumer price perceptions.
More and more, marketers have adopted good-value pricing strategies - offering just the
right combination of quality and good service at a fair price.
2) In many cases, this has involved introducing less- expensive versions of established,
brand-name products. To meet the tougher economic times and more frugal consumer
spending habits, fast-food restaurants such as Taco Bell and McDonald's offer value
meals and dollar menu items. Armani offers less-expensive, more casual Armani
Exchange fashion line. Alberto-Culver's TRESemme hair care line promises ‘A salon look
and feel at a fraction of the price.’ And every car company now offers small, inexpensive
models better suited to the strapped consumer's budget.
3) In other cases, good-value pricing has involved redesigning existing brands to offer
more quality for a given price or the same quality for less. Some companies even
succeed by offering less value but at rock bottom prices. For example, passengers flying
low-cost European airline Ryanair won't get much in the way of free amenities, but
they'll like the airline's unbelievably low prices.
54) What do passages A and B say about consumer price perceptions?
a) It is as important as changing economic conditions in determining pricing
decisions.
b) It made companies introduce less-expensive versions of brand name products.
c) It is the key factor in determining pricing decisions.
d) It makes products less expensive.
55) According to passages A and B, what role do marketers play in pricing?
a) setting fair prices
b) designing products then setting the price
c) justifying the price and offering good quality products for a fair price
d) redesigning some products to offer more quality products for lower prices
56) Which of the following statements best summarizes pricing strategies from
passages A and B?
a) Customers' and seller's perception of quality determines price.
b) Customers' perception of value means good products for less money.
c) Customers' perception of value and economic conditions are both important in
determining price.
d) Customers' perception of value helps companies produce good products or
redesign brand name products at a fair price.

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 handsomehayat@gmail.com

Passage 14
Literature and Art: Intermediate Spanish
INDEX
Unit 1
Origins of Hispanic Culture: Europe………...1
Unit 2
Origins of Hispanic Culture: America………20
Unit 3
Religion in the Hispanic World.................35
Unit 4
Revolutionary of the Century ………………..60
59) Which unit would most likely discuss prayer rituals in Hispanic culture?
a) Unit 1
b) Unit 2
c) Unit 3
d) Unit 4

60) Which unit would most likely discuss violent changes in society in Hispanic
countries?
a) Unit 1
b) Unit 2
c) Unit 3
d) Unit 4

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Model 42
Passage 1
1) An American-born giant panda will soon be travelling to China. The Chinese
government has an agreement with foreign zoos to lend giant pandas out only for
scientific study. After a few years, they, and any cubs they may produce, must all be
returned to China. Mei Lan, a three-year-old female, is being prepared for her trip to
China, where her parents were born. A special FedEx flight from the U.S. is being
arranged for her.
2) Chinese Zookeepers are getting ready for her arrival by planning a special diet, and
even language lessons for her. They are advertising for a tutor to teach Mei Lan Chinese.
The caretakers at her new home, the Chengdu Panda Research Center in Sichuan, want to
help her adapt quickly and feel comfortable in her new environment. Mei Lan has lived at
a zoo in the city of Atlanta, Georgia, since her birth, and she is unfamiliar with Chinese.
The teacher must have a bachelor's degree or higher and be fluent in both English and
Chinese.

21) According to Paragraph 2), why do the Chinese zookeepers want Mei Lan to learn
Chinese?
a) so that she can speak with her caretakers
b) so that she will feel at home in China
c) so that she can forget her English
d) so that she will like her new diet
22) According to Paragraph 2, Where has Mei Lan been living?
a) in the Chengdu Panda Research Center
b) in an American research center
c) in Atlanta, Georgia
d) in Sichuan, China
Passage 2
Stars
1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different
colors. Some are red, others are yellow, and some are blue. This is also shown when we
take color photographs of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an ordinary
camera as long as it is kept steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found that
blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars which
cannot be classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a blue
superstar as big as 40,000 suns and Beetle juice is a superstar with a size equal to 17,000
suns.
3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of
them is a superstar, he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer. Astronomers
have instruments like light meters which can measure the brightness of a star quite
accurately. It is possible to measure a star's distance from the earth if astronomers know
the color, brightness and whether or not it is a superstar.

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23) The pronoun it in Paragraph 1) refers to the …………

a) photograph
b) exposure
c) camera
d) star
24) The word brighter in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ---------
a) more colorful
b) more shiny
c) smaller
d) larger
25) Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
a) Green
b) Yellow
c) Blue
d) Red

Passage 3
1) Atmospheric circulation is the movement of air across the planet, and this occurs
in a pattern. The Equator is the hottest part of the Earth. When air rises at the
Equator, this leads to low pressure and rainfall. When the air reaches the edge of the
atmosphere, it is unable to go any further and so it travels to the north and south.
The air becomes cold and then falls, creating high pressure and dry conditions at
around 30º north and south of the Equator. Large cells of air are created in this way.
Air rises again at around 60º north and south and descends again around 90° north
and south.
(2) Global atmospheric circulation creates winds across the planet and leads to areas
of high rainfall, like tropical rainforests, and areas of dry air, like deserts. Another
example is a tropical cyclone which is a very powerful low-pressure weather system
which results in strong winds (over 120 km/h) and heavy rainfall (up to 250 mum is
one day). Tropical cyclones have different names depending on where they occur in
the world. In the US and the Caribbean, they are known as hurricanes, in South Asia-
cyclones, in East Asia-typhoons.

26) What is the writer's main purpose?

a) To explain
b) To argue
c) To convince
d) To study geography
27) What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
a) Air moves in patterns
b) There is No air in space
c) Cold air makes high pressure
d) All air movement starts at the Equator.

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28) What is one important idea that the writer mentions?

a) Tropical rainstorms have different names.
b) Forests with heavy rainfall are called rainforests.
c) Low air pressure makes strong winds and heavy rainfalls.
d) Winds moving across the planet produce areas of high rainfall and dry air.

Passage 4
Non-store Retailing
1) Most of us still make most of our purchases the old- fashioned way. We go to the
store, find what we want, wait patiently in line to plunk down our cash or credit card,
and bring home the goods. However, consumers now have a broad array of
alternatives, including mail order, television, phone and online shopping. Americans
are increasingly avoiding the hassle and crowds at malls by doing more of their
shopping by computer.
2) Early on, prospects for online retailing soared. As more and more consumers
flocked to the Web, some experts even saw a day when consumers would bypass
stodgy "old economy" store retailers and do almost all of their shopping via the
internet. However, the dot-com meltdown of 2000 dashed these overblown
expectations. Many once-brash Web sellers crashed and burned and expectations
reversed almost overnight. The experts began to predict that online retailing was
destined to be little more than a tag-on to in-store retailing.
3) However, today's online retailing is alive and thriving. With easier-to-use and
more-enticing Web sites, improved online service and the increasing sophistication
of search technologies, online business is booming In fact, even though it currently
accounts for only 7 percent of total US retail sales, online buying is growing at a
much brisker pace than retail buying as a whole. Despite a flagging economy, or
perhaps because of it, this year's online retail sales will reach an estimated $156
billion, an 11 percent leap over the last year's.
4) Retailer online sites also influence a large amount of in- store buying. Here are
some surprising statistics: 80 percent of shoppers research products online before
going to a store to make a purchase; 62 percent say that they spend at least 30
minutes online every week to help decide whether and what to buy. So it's no longer
a matter of customers deciding to shop in a store or to shop online. Increasingly,
customers are merging store and online outlets into a single shopping process. In
fact, the Internet has spawned a whole new breed of shopper and way of shopping.
5) All types of retailers now employ direct and online channels. The online sales of
large brick-and-mortar retailers, such as Sears, Staples, Wal-Mart, and Best Buy, are
increasing rapidly. Several large online-only retailers—Amazon.com, online auction
site eBay, online travel companies such as Travelocity.com and Expedia.com, and
others—are now making it big on the Web. At the other extreme, hordes of niche
marketers are using the Web to reach new markets and expand their sales. Today's
more-sophisticated search engines (Google, Baidu) and comparison-shopping sites

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(Shopping.com, Buy.com, Shopzilla.com, and others) put almost any online retailer
within a mouse click or two's reach of millions of customers.
6) Still, much of the anticipated growth in online sales will go to multichannel
retailers— the click-and-brick marketers who can successfully merge the virtual and
physical worlds. In a recent ranking of the top 500 online retail sites, 59 percent were
multichannel retailers. For example, consider Macy's, the largest department store
chain in the United States. While many Macy's customers make purchases online, the
site offers a range of features designed to build loyalty to Macy's and to pull
customers into stores, Lake many retailers, Macy's has discovered that its best
customers shop both online and offline.
29) What reversed expectation about online retail almost overnight?
a) The dot-com meltdown of 2000.
b) The brash Web sellers.
c) Consumers’ love of malls.
d) The stodgy “old economy”
30) What percentage of shoppers research products online before going to a
store to buy them?
a) 30
b) 62
c) 80
d) 95
31) What is one example of a brick-and-mortar retailer??
a) Travelocity
b) Expedia
c) Best-Buy
d) Shopzilla
32) What percentage of the top 500 online retail sites were multichannel
retailers?
a) 11
b) 59
c) 79
d) 800

Passage 5
Yellowstone National Park
1) There were once many Wolves in Yellowstone National Park, but by 1926, humans
had hunted them to extinction there. The absence of wolves affected many parts of
the Yellowstone ecosystem.
2) Most significantly, the disappearance of wolves led to a huge increase in the
number of elk (a type of deer). This in term had negative effects on plants and
animals in the park. Park authorities tried to keep the elk population under control by
hunting, but in the late 1960s and 1970s, the U.S government and the park managers

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began considering a new policy. They wanted to return to natural processes for
regulating the balance of wildlife in the park.
3) In 1995, Congress authorized reintroducing the gray wolf to Yellowstone. The first
wolves were brought in from Canada a year later. Almost immediately. authorities
noticed differences in the park. As a result of the reintroduction of wolves, the
number of elk declined. This led to an unexpected change. The number of willow
trees and aspen, which elk eat. increased. Beavers, which feed on willows, in tum
grew more numerous. In addition, the populations of some songbird species and
small mammals that live in aspen stands have since grown. Other animals and people
have benefited, too. Scavengers, or animals that eat dead animals, have increased in
number.
33) What is one important ides related to the disappearance of wolves that the
writer mentions in Paragraph (2)?
a) It had negative effects on the park ecosystem
b) Wolves were found in Canada
c) The authorities started hunting elks
d) The park managers made a new policy.
34) What is one important idea related to the reintroduction of wolves that the
writer mentions in Paragraph (3)?
a) The number of songbird species has grown.
b) Humans hunted too many wolves in 1926.
c) The park authorities tried hunting elk
d) There were positive changes in the park.
35) What are scavengers an example of?
a) animals that feed on willows
b) animals that live in aspen stands
c) animals that benefited from the return of wolves
d) animals that were brought to the park from Canada
36) What is the main topic of the passage?
a) The park visitors were happy with the return of wolves.
b) The new policy by the US government saved the park.
c) The return of wolves benefitted the park ecosystem.
d) The return of wolves had bad effects on several animals in the park.

Passage 6
1) Plastic that are non-biodegradable are not broken down by decomposers when
dumped in landfill sites or left as litter. This means that they remain in the
environment, taking up valuable space or causing visual pollution. Moreover,
discarded plastic bottles can trap small animals; nylon fishing lines and nets can trap
birds and mammals such as seals and dolphins. As the plastic in water gradually
deteriorate, they fragment into tiny pieces, which are eaten by fish and birds, making
them ill as a result. When plastic is burned, it can release toxic gases

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(2) Plastic bags are a big problem, taking up a lot of space in landfill sites. In 2002,
the Republic of Ireland introduced a plastic bag fee, called a PlasTax, to try to control
the problem. It had a dramatic effect, cutting the use of single-use bags from 1.2
billion to 230 million a year and reducing the litter problem that plastic bags create.
Revenue raised from the fee is used to support environmental projects.
3) Since then, bans have spread rapidly. More than 400 laws across the United States
ban or tax plastic bags, according to Jennie Romer, an attorney at the Surfrider
Foundation and a leading advocate and expert on plastic bag policies. The bans
actually started outside places like the United States and Ireland, with Bangladesh
banning them countrywide in 2002 and Pakistan announcing recently that it, too, will
ban single- use plastic bags. "Our slight change in habits will do miracles for future
generations," one politician wrote.
37) What does Paragraph (1) say about plastic waste?
a) Plastic is liked for its low cost and many uses.
b) Plastic is good because it DOES NOT break down easily.
c) By 2050, there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans.
d) Plastic waste creates a lot of problems for the planet and its animals.
38) How did the government of Ireland reduce the use of single-use plastic
shopping bags?
a) They stopped the use of single-use shopping bags.
b) They introduced a charge for single-use shopping bags.
c) They allowed the use of paper bags that break down easier that plastic ones.
39) Why does the welter use the word "Moreover" in paragraph (1)?
a) To give examples of the types of plastic pollution.
b) To show that the animals are hurt a result of pollution.
c) To give more information about the problem of plastic pollution.
d) To show that visual pollution is different from other kinds of pollution.
40) Why does the writer use the word "as a result" in Paragraph (1)?
a) to let readers know the list of everything that happened.
b) to give more information about the problem of plastic pollution.
c) to show that the fish and birds got sick from eating the plastic pieces.
d) to give examples of what happened to the plastic after breaking up into small
pieces.
41) What does the writer think about the efforts to reduce plastic pollution?
a) The writer believes the efforts are helpful.
b) The writer believes the efforts are NOT doing much.
c) The writer believes that more countries need to take action.
d) The writer is NOT sure about the efforts as hundreds of millions of bags are
still thrown out in Ireland.

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Passage 7
Detroit
1) city's population increased from about 300,000 in 1900 to 1.8 million in 1950 as
the city attracted many workers to work in its car factories. In 1960, it had the highest
income per person in the USA. Today, however, more than 40,000 buildings are
vacant or not used and property prices have fallen by more than 80%
(2) Between 1900 and 1950, Detroit had a growing economy. The American car
companies, General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler were all located in Detroit and they
manufactured the majority of the cars sold in the US. However, as international
competition increased and American car sales decreased, many people lost their jobs
in Detroit's car factories. The city had relied too much on one industry. As a result,
when the car industry suffered, it also had a negative effect on Detroit's economy.
Reduced car sales also meant that there would be less tax money from the city's car
companies, which decreased the city's already low government budget.
3) Detroit's population also fell to just 700,000 in 2013 as many of the richer people
moved away from the city. As the city's car industry became weaker, the number of
jobs in the city decreased and unemployment reached 30% by 2013. Over 60% of
Detroit's population who work now, do so outside the city. However, there is some
hope. Urban farms are appearing in the city. Young people- especially artists and
musicians - are moving into Detroit to make use of cheap city spaces. The city is also
creating new policies, such as low rents and tax cuts, in order to help attract new
businesses back into the city.
42) What did more car factories in Detroit lead to?
a) the best car companies in the world
b) change in property prices
c) a larger population
d) creating a new city.
43) What was the reason for low rents and tax cuts?
a) to bring companies to Detroit
b) to help artists and musicians
c) to make life easier for the poor
d) to create urban farms
44) The word vacant in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to………….
a) empty
b) for sale
c) destroyed
d) being built
45) The word suffered in Paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to……….
a) moved location
b) faced trouble
c) expanded
d) changed

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Passage 8

46) What percentage of people went to work by car?

a) 65.6
b) 12.3
c) 8
d) 1
47) What percentage of people travelled by foot?
a) 1
b) 1.2
c) 4.5
d) 5.3

Passage 9
1) The unwanted poisonous by-products of human activity, toxic wastes can arise
from many sources. Atmospheric pollution, for example, is caused by automobiles,
power plants, and incinerators. Acid rain is produced when oxides of sulfur, carbon,
and nitrogen from burning fossil fuels combine with moisture in the air, producing
hazardous acids. Discarded industrial solvents include low-molecular weight material
such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride and high-molecular weight organic

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materials such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls). which were used in the past for
hydraulic fluids and in electrical transformers and capacitors. Dioxins are the
wwanted by-products of the manufacture of herbicides. Heavy-metal residues from
copper or silven mining can contaminate groundwater or streams and Iakes and
become concentrated in fish. Radioactive wastes are generated by nuclear power
reactors, the manufacture of nuclear weapons, and, at low levels, by the industrial
and medical application of radioisotopes.
2) In 1981 approximately 264 million tons of waste were produced in the United
States—about 5.5 million tons were considered hazardous. During 1986 the United
States generated about 1,770,000 cubic feet (50,000 cubic meters) of low-level solid
and liquid radioactive waste.
3) Many toxic wastes can harm humans, animals, or plants. Significant exposure to
lead in paints and gasoline can lead to nervous disorders. Organic toxic wastes can
lead to liver and kidney inflammation. Others, such as PCBs, are suspected of causing
birth defects. Some organic materials, such as benzene, are known to cause cancer in
laboratory animals and are listed as possible cancer-producing agents in humans.
Moderately high levels of copper, silver, and other heavy metals are detrimental to
the growth of algae.
4) Some toxic wastes cause ecological imbalances. The insecticide DDT (dichloro-
diphenyl-trichloroethane), for example, almost wiped out the American bald eagle
population and reduced many other bird populations. It destroyed the birds’ ability
to develop a sufficiently strong egg shell to assure hatching. Because of DDT’s threat
to bird populations severe restrictions were imposed in 1972 on its use in the United
States. Other laws required the reduction of lead in gasoline and the termination of
PCB production. DDT is still used in developing countries for its effectiveness against
the malaria-carrying mosquito.
5) Depending on the type of waste, toxic wastes can be treated chemically,
biologically, or by combustion. (See also garbage and refuse disposal.) An acid spill,
for example, may be treated with lime or bicarbonate to neutralize the acid. Oil spills
at sea are often treated with an emulsifier to disperse the oil in the water, thereby
reducing the adverse effects on beaches and on wildlife. Effective methods of
biological treatment of toxic wastes are still undergoing development. Organisms
that can survive the toxicity and degrade the toxic wastes in a reasonable amount of
time have not been found, but advances in genetic engineering may change this
situation.
6) Combustion and other high-temperature treatments are the major methods used
to reduce the toxicity of wastes. Processes involving plasma technology are used for
specific toxic wastes. These processes use high temperatures to ionize a mixture of
air and fuel gases. When combined with these ionized gases, hot toxic gases from
the waste are decomposed into relatively harmless components. Plasma treatment at
temperatures above 1,650° F (900° C) can diminish the toxicity of gas emissions such
as dioxin vapor by about ten times the reduction that results from conventional
combustion treatments.

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7) Incineration of liquid wastes is the primary method of toxic waste treatment in the
United States. It usually involves injecting the waste as small droplets into a burner. A
fixed-hearth process, by which both liquid and solid wastes can be handled, is also
used. The waste is treated in two stages. It is first partially burned with insufficient air
and then burned again with excess air at higher temperatures to destroy the gases
released during the first stage.
8) Another widely used process involves incineration in a rotary kiln. This is used for
solids, liquids, their mixtures (slurries), and wastes in containers. Some hazardous
wastes are disposed of directly as fuel in industrial boilers or cement kilns.
9) Liquid toxic wastes must be stored temporarily before disposal. Steel drums are
used for short-term storage. Materials less subject to corrosion, such as glass or
ceramic, are often required for long-term storage. Ocean dumping and the use of
landfills are no longer permitted for the disposal of hazardous waste in the United
States.
10) In the United States high-level nuclear wastes containing plutonium or uranium
are either sent to reprocessing plants or stored near the nuclear facility site until
disposal. Vitrification, a disposal procedure developed in recent years, is a process
that embeds nuclear wastes in glasslike substances that are stable for thousands of
years. These erosion-resistant blocks are then stored in underground salt mines or
stable rock formations. Vitrification has been highly developed in France where
nuclear energy is used extensively for electricity production. In the United States low-
level radioactive wastes are currently stored at sites in three states—South Carolina,
Nevada, and Washington—often after considerable volume reduction by
compacting. Some low-level radioactive wastes are also incinerated.
In the United States performance standards and permit requirements for thermal
toxic waste destruction are determined by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). Current incinerator standards require the removal of at least 99.99 percent of
the principal organic hazardous constituents and 99 percent of the hydrogen
chloride in exhaust gases. Separate standards apply to solid particles (dust and ash)
emitted during incineration. Radioactive wastes are regulated by the EPA, the
Department of Energy (DOE), and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Each
state is responsible for its own waste and interstate cooperation regarding disposal
facilities is encouraged. Toxic waste regulation in Canada is monitored by the
Ministry of the Environment, while the Atomic Energy Control Board manages
radioactive waste.
48) According to the passage, what are the heavy metals that affect the growth
of algae?
a) Copper and DDT
b) Copper and silver
c) Silver and benzene
d) Gasoline and benzene
49) What are three things needed for generating radioactive Wastes?

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a) nuclear power reactors, the manufacture of nuclear weapons, and the

application of radioisotopes.
b) the application of radioisotopes, the manufacture of herbicides and nuclear
power reactors.
c) the manufacture of nuclear weapons, acid rain and industrial boilers.
d) gas emissions, carbon tetrachloride and nuclear
50) What are three methods currently used for toxic waste treatment?
a) combustion, ocean dumping and vitrification
b) vitrification, landfills and biological treatment
c) vitrification, combustion and chemical treatment
d) combustion, biological treatment and vitrification

Passage 10
Limited Liability
Limited liability means that if a business is unable to pay its debts the owners of the
company can only lose the money that they have paid for shares. Sole traders and
partnerships have unlimited liability. If the business cannot pay its debts, the owners
have to pay them out of their own money. They may have to sell their house and
other personal possessions to pay the business's creditors. The importance of
limited liability is that people can put money into a firm by buying shares, without
risking the loss of all their money if the company fails. If limited liability did not exist,
people would be less willing to risk investing in firms.
51) The word “Liability” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………
a) activity
b) control
c) influence
d) responsibility
52) The word “traders” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………
a) professionals
b) specialists
c) dealers
d) leaders
53) The word “possessions” in the passage is closest in meaning to ………
a) income
b) property
c) equipment
d) achievement

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Passage 11
Controlling Inflation
Passage A
1) Inflation occurs when an economy grows due to increased spending. When this
happens, prices rise and the currency within the economy is worth less than it was
before; the currency essentially won't buy as much as it would before.
2) There are many methods used to control inflation; some work well while others
may have damaging effects. For example, controlling inflation through wage and
price controls can cause a recession and cause job losses.
Contractionary Monetary Policy
3) One popular method of controlling inflation is through a contractionary monetary
policy. The goal of a contractionary policy is to reduce the money supply economy
by decreasing bond prices and increasing interest rates. This helps reduce spending
because when there is less money to go around, those who have money want to
keep it and save it, instead of spending it.
Reserve Requirements
4) The second tool is to increase reserve requirements on the amount of money
banks are legally required to keep on hand to cover withdrawals. The more money
banks are required to hold back, the less they have to lend to consumers.
Fiscal Policy
5) The government can also increase taxes (such as income tax and VAT) and cut
spending. This improves the budget situation and helps to reduce demand in the
economy.
6) Both these policies reduce inflation by reducing the growth of aggregate demand.
If economic growth is rapid, reducing the growth of AD can reduce inflationary
pressures without causing a recession.
7) If a country had high inflation and negative growth, then reducing aggregate
demand would be more unpalatable as reducing inflation would lead to lower output
and higher unemployment. They could still reduce inflation, but, it would be much
more damaging to the economy
Passage B
1) For any economy, inflation is a complex phenomenon. While moderate inflation is
usually good for an economy, if it goes beyond it, then it can cause a disastrous
situation for the economy. The government takes different measures to control
inflation of different types as explained below.
Demand Pull Dilation Control
2) In order to control the demand-pull inflation, the government undertakes some
monetary measures and incorporates certain changes to the fiscal policy.
Monetary Measures
3) One of the commonly used measures to control inflation is controlling the money
supply in the economy. If the Government decreases the supply of money, then the
demand will fall, leading to a fall in prices. Therefore, the Government may decide to

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withdraw certain paper notes and/or coins from circulation. This decreases the
money supply.
4) It is important to note that a major portion of the money supply lies with banks in
the form of deposits or bank credit. Therefore, by reducing the bank's rate of lending
(amount of money offered as credit), the government can considerably reduce the
supply of money in the economy.
Fiscal Policy Measures to Control Inflation
5) Apart from the monetary measures, the government also uses fiscal measures to
control inflation. A country's fiscal policy has two essential components -
government revenue and expenditure.
6) Typically, when the aggregate demand exceeds the aggregate supply, an
inflationary gap arises. The Government can take these fiscal measures to control
inflation:
1. Take steps to decrease the overall government expenditure and transfer payments.
2. Increase the rate of taxes causing individuals to decrease their total expenditure,
leading to a decrease in demand and a drop in the money supply in the economy.
54) What do Passages A and B say about the consequences of inflation?
a) It becomes more expensive to buy goods.
b) Money is worth less and it can be bad for the economy.
c) It makes people wealthier, but causes problems with the economy.
d) Currency is worth less, but there are positive effects for the economy with high
inflation.
55) What can we understand from Pages A and 11 about controlling inflation
through money supply?
a) It can be done by banks lending less money to members of the public
b) It can be controlled became people want to keep their money and save it.
c) It can be done by increasing the amount backs lend and decreasing bond
prices.
d) It can be done through increasing interest rates and reducing money in
circulation.
56) What can we understand from Passages A and B about tax?
a) It is used to make people spend less.
b) It has little effect on controlling inflation.
c) VAT is one of the main types of tax used to control inflation.
d) Tax reduces demand in the economy and therefore controls inflation.
57) What do Passages A and B say about aggregate demand?
a) Low aggregate demand can lead to unemployment.
b) Aggregate demand can sometimes cause negative growth.
c) Keeping a balance in aggregate demand helps control inflation.
d) Aggregate demand must exceed aggregate supply.

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Passage 12
Strange substance
1) A mysterious, orange, sticky gel, found on the beaches of Kivalina, a
village situated on the Alaskan coast between Kotzebue and Point Hope, was
recently the source of much interest. Many people thought that the sticky gel was
some strange compound that had spread as a result of a chemical reaction. Others
had more farfetched ideas about the substance's origins ranging from aliens to
volcanic remains.
(2) Scientists at an Alaskan laboratory have been busy analyzing the unknown
substance. They have concluded that it is a formation of microscopic eggs. One of
the scientists said that there are traces of oil in the eggs, and this is what is causing
the strange, orange color.
3) The scientists have discovered that the eggs belong to a small invertebrate
– a spineless animal, but they have not been able to identify the exact species.
58) According to Paragraph (1), the strange, orange substance was found
a) on the beaches of Kotzebue
b) on the beaches of Point Hope
c) close to a compound in Alaska
d) between Kotzebue and Point Hope
59) The word far-fetched in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ………
a) difficult to believe
b) easy to believe
c) definite
d) clear
60) The word it in Paragraph (2) refers to……………...
a) traces of oil
b) a microscope
c) the unknown substance
d) one of Alaska's laboratories

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Model 43
Passage 1
ϭͿ,ƵƐĂLJŶŝďŶďĚƵůůĂŚ/ďŶ^ŝŶĂŝƐǁĞůůŬŶŽǁŶŝŶƚŚĞƌĂďǁŽƌůĚƐŝŵƉůLJĂƐͨ/ďŶ
^ŝŶĂͩ͘,ĞŝƐĂůƐŽǁĞůůŬŶŽǁŶŝŶƚŚĞtĞƐƚďLJƚŚĞŶĂŵĞͨǀŝĐĞŶŶĂͩǁŚŝĐŚ
ƐŝŵƉůŝĨŝĞƐƚŚĞƉƌŽŶƵŶĐŝĂƚŝŽŶ͘/ŶϵϴϬ͘͘ǀŝĐĞŶŶĂǁĂƐďŽƌŶŝŶƵŬŚĂƌĂǁŚŝĐŚŝƐ
ŶŽǁƉĂƌƚŽĨZƵƐƐŝĂĂŶĚŬŶŽǁŶĂƐhnjďĞŶ͘LJƚŚĞĂŐĞŽĨϭϬ͕ŚĞǁĂƐĂůƌĞĂĚLJ
ƉƌŽĨŝĐŝĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞYƵƌΖĂŶĂŶĚƌĂďŝĐĐůĂƐƐŝĐƐ͘LJƚŚĞĂŐĞŽĨϭϲ͕ŚĞĨŝŶŝƐŚĞĚ
/ƐůĂŵŝĐůĂǁƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ͕ŐĞŽŵĞƚƌLJ͕ĂŶĂƚŽŵLJ͕ůŽŐŝĐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚLJ͘LJƚŚĞĂŐĞŽĨϭϴ͘
ŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJŽĨŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘^ŽŽŶĂĨƚĞƌƚŚĂƚ͕ŚĞ ďĞĐĂŵĞƚŚĞWƌŝŵĞ
DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŚLJƐŝĐŝĂŶŽĨƚŚĞZƵůĞƌŽĨƵŬŚĂƌĂ͘ dŚĞZƵůĞƌǁĂƐŝŵƉƌĞƐƐĞĚďLJ
ƚŚĞŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĞŶĚƵƌĂŶĐĞŽĨŚŝƐWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌĂŶĚŽƉĞŶĞĚĨŽƌŚŝŵ
>ŝďƌĂƌLJǁŚŝĐŚǁĂƐƵŶŝƋƵĞŝŶŝƚƐůŝƚĞƌĂƌLJƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐ͘
ϮͿǀŝĐĞŶŶĂΖƐůŝĨĞǁĂƐĞdžƚƌĂŽƌĚŝŶĂƌŝůLJĞdžŚĂƵƐƚŝŶŐ͘ůůĚĂLJůŽŶŐŚĞǁĂƐďƵƐLJǁŝƚŚ
ŚŝƐƉĂƚŝĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚǁŽƌŬ͘ƚŶŝŐŚƚ͕ŚĞǁĂƐďƵƐLJůĞĐƚƵƌŝŶŐĂŶĚǁƌŝƚŝŶŐ
ŬƐ͘ĨƚĞƌŵĂŶLJLJĞĂƌƐŽĨŚĂƌĚǁŽƌŬĂŶĚŵĂŶLJĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ǀŝĐĞŶŶĂĚŝĞĚ
ŝŶϭϬϯϳ͘͘ĂƚƚŚĞĂŐĞ ŽĨϱϳ͘
ϯͿǀŝĐĞŶŶĂǁƌŽƚĞϭϬϬƚƌĞĂƚŝƐĞƐ͗ϮϭŽĨƚŚĞŵǁĞƌĞŵĂũŽƌŽĨǁŚŝĐŚϭϲǁĞƌĞŝŶ
ŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ͘,ĞǁƌŽƚĞĂŬŝŶŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞŶĂŵĞĚůYĂŶŽŶĨŝůdŝďď͘/ƚǁĂƐ
ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽŵĂŶLJůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐ͘ůYĂŶŽŶĨŝůdŝďďŝƐĂŶĞŶĐLJĐůŽƉĞĚŝĂ
ĐŽŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŽŶĞŵŝůůŝŽŶǁŽƌĚƐ͘/ƚĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐŽĨĨŝǀĞǀŽůƵŵĞƐ͘

21) The word “proficient” in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to………..

ĞͿ ^ŬŝůůĞĚ
ĨͿ dƌĂŝŶĞĚ
ŐͿ ĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ
ŚͿ ŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞĚ
22) According to paragraph 1) why does the Western world use a different
name for Ibn-Sina?
ĞͿ dŚĞLJĚŝĚNOT ůŝŬĞƌĂďŝĐŶĂŵĞƐ͘
ĨͿ dŚĞLJĚŝĚNOT ǁĂŶƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƚŽŬŶŽǁŚŝƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJ͘
ŐͿ EĂŵĞƐĐŚĂŶŐĞǁŚĞŶƵƐĞĚďLJƐƉĞĂŬĞƌƐŽĨĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘
ŚͿ ,ĞĚŝĚNOT ƐƉĞĂŬƚŚĞŝƌůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘
23) According to Paragraph 1), Soon a er Ibn Sina finished his study of
medicine, he became the …………
ĞͿ ŵĂŶĂŐĞƌŽĨƚŚĞZŽLJĂů>ŝďƌĂƌLJ͘
ĨͿ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚŽĨƚŚĞWƌŝŵĞDŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ͘
ŐͿ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞZƵůĞƌŽĨƵŬŚĂƌĂ͘
ŚͿ ĚŽĐƚŽƌĨŽƌƚŚĞZƵůĞƌŽĨƵŬŚĂƌĂ͘

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24) According to Paragraph 3), Al Qanon fi Al Tibb, consists of……..

ĞͿ ϱǀŽůƵŵĞƐ͘
ĨͿ ϭϲĞŶĐLJĐůŽƉĞĚŝĂƐ͘
ŐͿ ϮϭĐŚĂƉƚĞƌƐ͘
ŚͿ ϭϬϬƚƌĞĂƟƐĞƐ

Passage 2
Octopus
ϭͿŶŽĐƚŽƉƵƐŚĂƐƚŚƌĞĞŚĞĂƌƚƐ͕ĞŝŐŚƚĂƌŵƐ͕ĂŶĚŽŶĞŚƵŐĞďƌĂŝŶ͘dŚĞLJĂƌĞ
ĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ͘dŚĞLJĐĂŶůĞĂƌŶŶĞǁƚŚŝŶŐƐũƵƐƚůŝŬĞŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘dŚĞLJĞǀĞŶ
ůĞĂƌŶĞĚĂĨĞǁƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŽŐĞƚƚŚĞŵŽƵƚŽĨĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ͘/ĨĂŶŽĐƚŽƉƵƐŝƐŝŶ
ĚĂŶŐĞƌŽĨĂƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐĂƐŚĂƌŬŽƌďŝƌĚ͕ŝƚĐĂŶƵƐĞƐŽŵĞƉƌĞƩLJŝŶĐƌĞĚŝďůĞ
ƐŬŝůůƐƚŽŐĞƚĂǁĂLJ͘
;ϮͿKĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐĚŽŶΖƚŚĂǀĞƚĞĞƚŚŽƌƐŚĂƌƉĐůĂǁƐƚŽĚĞĨĞŶĚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͘/ŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕
ƚŚĞLJƵƐĞŵŽƌĞĐůĞǀĞƌǁĂLJƐƚŽĨŽŽůƚŚĞŝƌĂƩĂĐŬĞƌƐ͘KĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐůŝŬĞƚŽŚŝĚĞ
ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŶĚŽŶƚŚĞďŽƩŽŵŽĨƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶŇŽŽƌ͘dŚĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐ͗ĐĂŶ
ĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞĐŽůŽƌŽĨŝƚƐƐŬŝŶƚŽŵĂƚĐŚƚŚĞƐĂŶĚ͘ŶĚƚŚŝƐĐŽůŽƌĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕Žƌ
ĐĂŵŽƵŇĂŐĞ͕ŚĂƉƉĞŶƐŝŶůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶĂŵŝŶƵƚĞ͘^ŽŵĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐůŝŬĞƚŽƐƚĂLJŝŶ
ŵŽƌĞƐŚĂůůŽǁǁĂƚĞƌǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƌŽĐŬƐĂŶĚĐŽƌĂů͘ĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐĂƌĞ
ŝŶǀĞƌƚĞďƌĂƚĞƐ͕ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƚŚĞLJĚŽŶΖƚŚĂǀĞďĂĐŬďŽŶĞƐ͕ƚŚĞLJĐĂŶĮƚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŝŶƚŽ
ƐŵĂůůƐƉĂĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞƌŽĐŬƐĂǁĂLJĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌƐ͘
;ϯͿŶŽƚŚĞƌǁĂLJĂŶŽĐƚŽƉƵƐĐĂŶŚŝĚĞŝƐďLJƐŚŽŽƟŶŐŝŶŬ͘ŶŽĐƚŽƉƵƐƵƐĞƐĂƉĂƌƚ
ŽĨŝƚƐďŽĚLJĐĂůůĞĚĂƐŝƉŚŽŶƚŽƐŚŽŽƚŝŶŬŝŶƚŽƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌ͘dŚĞŝŶŬĨŽƌŵƐĂĐůŽƵĚ
ƚŚĂƚŚŝĚĞƐƚŚĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐ͘LJƚŚĞƟŵĞƚŚĞŝŶŬĐůĞĂƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌĐĂŶƐĞĞ
ĂŐĂŝŶ͕ƚŚĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐŚĂƐ ƐǁƵŵĂǁĂLJŽƌŚŝĚĚĞŶ͘
;ϰͿ/ĨĂŶŽĐƚŽƉƵƐŝƐďĞŝŶŐĂƩĂĐŬĞĚ͕ŝƚĐĂŶĂĐƚƵĂůůLJŵĂŬĞŝƚƐĞůĨůŽŽŬůŝŬĞĂ
ĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐƐĞĂƐŶĂŬĞ͘/ƚǁŝůůďƵƌLJŝƚƐĞůĨŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŶĚ͕ŬĞĞƉŝŶŐƚǁŽĂƌŵƐǁŚĞƌĞ
ƚŚĞLJĐĂŶďĞƐĞĞŶ͘/ƚǁŝůůĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞĐŽůŽƌŽĨƚŚŽƐĞĂƌŵƐƚŽŵĂƚĐŚĂƐĞĂƐŶĂŬĞ͘
ƵƚǁŚĂƚŝĨƚŚĞƌĞΖƐŶŽƟŵĞƚŽŚŝĚĞ͍/ĨĂŶŽĐƚŽƉƵƐŝƐŝŶƚƌŽƵďůĞ͕ŝƚĐĂŶďƌĞĂŬŽŶĞ
ŽĨŝƚƐĂƌŵƐ͘dŚĞĂƌŵǁŝůůƚŚĞŶĐŚĂŶŐĞĐŽůŽƌƐĂŶĚŵŽǀĞĂƌŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌŝŶ
ĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌǁŚŝůĞƚŚĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐƐǁŝŵƐĂǁĂLJƚŽƐĂĨĞƚLJ͘dŚĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐΖĂƌŵ
ǁŝůůŐƌŽǁďĂĐŬ͘
;ϱͿdŚĞƌĞŝƐŽŶĞŬŝŶĚŽĨŽĐƚŽƉƵƐƚŚĂƚŚĂƐƉŽŝƐŽŶƚŽƵƐĞŝŶĚĞĨĞŶƐĞ͘dŚĞďůƵĞͲ
ƌŝŶŐĞĚŽĐƚŽƉƵƐŝƐƟŶLJ͕ŝƚĐŽƵůĚĮƚŝŶƐŝĚĞLJŽƵƌŚĂŶĚ͘WƌĞĚĂƚŽƌƐŵŝŐŚƚƚŚŝŶŬƚŚŝƐ
ƐŝnjĞŵĂŬĞƐƚŚĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐĂŐƌĞĂƚƐŶĂĐŬ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞLJŬŶŽǁƚŽƐƚĂLJĂǁĂLJ͘dŚĞďůƵĞͲ
ƌŝŶŐĞĚŽĐƚŽƉƵƐŝƐǀĞƌLJ ƉŽŝƐŽŶŽƵƐĂŶĚĐĂŶŬŝůůƉƌĞĚĂƚŽƌƐŵƵĐŚůĂƌŐĞƌƚŚĂŶŝƚƐĞůĨ͕
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘
;ϲͿKĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐĞĂƚĐƌĂďƐ͕ƐŚƌŝŵƉƐĂŶĚůŽďƐƚĞƌƐ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞLJǁŝůůƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐĞĂƚ
ůĂƌŐĞƌƉƌĞLJ͕ƚŽŽ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƐŚĂƌŬƐ͘dŚĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐƵƐƵĂůůLJĚƌŽƉĚŽǁŶŽŶƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĞLJ
ĨƌŽŵĂďŽǀĞ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŶƵƐĞƚŚĞŝƌƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůĂƌŵƐƚŽƉƵůůŝƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŝƌŵŽƵƚŚ͘

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;ϳͿDŽƐƚŽĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐƐƚĂLJĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞďŽƩŽŵŽĨƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶ͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚƐŽŵĞƚLJƉĞƐ
ĂƌĞƉĞůĂŐŝĐ͕ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƚŚĞLJůŝǀĞŶĞĂƌƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ͘KƚŚĞƌŽĐƚŽƉƵƐůŝǀĞŝŶ
ĚĞĞƉ͕ĚĂƌŬǁĂƚĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƌŝƐĞĨƌŽŵďĞůŽǁĂƚĞĂƌůLJŵŽƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŝŶŐƚŽƐĞĂƌĐŚ
ĨŽƌĨŽŽĚ͘
;ϴͿ&ŽƌƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƉĂƌƚ͕ŽĐƚŽƉƵƐĞƐůŝǀĞĂůŽŶĞŝŶĚĞŶƐŵĂĚĞĨƌŽŵƌŽĐŬƐ͘dŚĞLJďƵŝůĚ
ƚŚĞŝƌĚĞŶƐƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐďLJŵŽǀŝŶŐƚŚĞƌŽĐŬƐŝŶƚŽƉůĂĐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůĂƌŵƐ͘
dŚĞƐĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶƚďƵŝůĚĞƌƐƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐĞǀĞŶĨĂƐŚŝŽŶĂƌŽĐŬĚŽŽƌƚŚĂƚƉƵůůƐĐůŽƐĞĚ
ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞŽĐƚŽƉƵƐŝƐ ƐĂĨĞůLJŝŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞĚĞŶ͘
25) How many hearts does an octopus have?
ĂͿ ŽŶĞ
ďͿ ƚŚƌĞĞ
ĐͿ Ɛŝdž
ĚͿ ĞŝŐŚƚ
26) How can an octopus defend itself?
ĂͿ ĮŐŚƟŶŐǁŝƚŚĐůĂǁƐ
ďͿ ŚŝĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŶĚ
ĐͿ ƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐŶŽŝƐĞ
ĚͿ ďŝƟŶŐǁŝƚŚƚĞĞƚŚ
27) What animals does an octopus look like when a acked?
ĂͿ ƐŶĂŬĞ
ďͿ ƐŚƌŝŵƉ
ĐͿ ƐŚĂƌŬ
ĚͿ ĚŽůƉŚŝŶ

Passage 3
The Solar System
ϭͿdŚĞŚŽŵĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚŝƐƚŚĞƚŚŝƌĚƉůĂŶĞƚŝŶƚŚĞƐŽůĂƌƐLJƐƚĞŵŽĨƚŚĞ
ƐƵŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂŵĞĚŝƵŵͲƐŝnjĞĚƐƚĂƌŽŶƚŚĞĞĚŐĞŽĨƚŚĞDŝůŬLJtĂLJŐĂůĂdžLJ͘/ƚƐ
ĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐƵŶŝƐϵϯŵŝůůŝŽŶŵŝůĞƐ͘dŚĞƐŽůĂƌƐLJƐƚĞŵĐŽŶƐŝƐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƐƵŶ
ĂŶĚŶŝŶĞŬŶŽǁŶƉůĂŶĞƚƐ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐŽƚŚĞƌĐĞůĞƐƟĂůďŽĚŝĞƐƚŚĂƚŽƌďŝƚƚŚĞƐƵŶ͘
dŚĞƐŽůĂƌƐLJƐƚĞŵĂůƐŽĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐĐŽŵĞƚƐ͕ƐƉŚĞƌĞƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚǁŝƚŚŝĐĞĂŶĚĚƵƐƚƚŚĂƚ
ůĞĂǀĞƚƌĂŝůƐŽĨǀĂƉŽƌĂƐƚŚĞLJƌĂĐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƐƉĂĐĞ͘ƐƚĞƌŽŝĚƐ͕ůĂƌŐĞĐŚƵŶŬƐŽĨ
ƌŽĐŬLJŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͕ĂƌĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƐƉĂĐĞĂƐǁĞůů͘KƵƌƐŽůĂƌƐLJƐƚĞŵŚĂƐĂŶĂƐƚĞƌŽŝĚďĞůƚ
ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞŽƌďŝƚƐŽĨ:ƵƉŝƚĞƌĂŶĚDĂƌƐ͘
dŚĞ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞĂƌƚŚ
;ϯͿ dŚĞĞĂƌƚŚŝƐĂďŽƵƚϮϰ͕ϵϬϬŵŝůĞƐŝŶĐŝƌĐƵŵĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĂďŽƵƚϳ͕ϵϬϬŵŝůĞƐŝŶ
ĚŝĂŵĞƚĞƌ͘ůƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚƐĞĞŵƐůŝŬĞĂƐŽůŝĚďĂůů͕ŝƚŝƐƌĞĂůůLJŵŽƌĞůŝŬĞĂ
ƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨƐŚĞůůƐƚŚĂƚƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŽŶĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͘

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/ŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞĂƌƚŚ
;ϯͿdŚĞĐŽƌĞŝƐƚŚĞĐĞŶƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚĂŶĚŝƐŵĂĚĞƵƉŽĨŝƌŽŶĂŶĚŶŝĐŬĞů͘dŚĞ
ŽƵƚĞƌĐŽƌĞŝƐůŝƋƵŝĚ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞŝŶŶĞƌĐŽƌĞŝƐƐŽůŝĚ͘^ƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽƌĞŝƐƚŚĞ
ŵĂŶƚůĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐƐĞǀĞƌĂůůĂLJĞƌƐ͘dŚĞŵĂŶƚůĞĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐŵŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚŵĂƐƐ͘
DĂŐŵĂ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐŵŽůƚĞŶƌŽĐŬ͕ĐĂŶĨŽƌŵŝŶƚŚĞŵĂŶƚůĞĂŶĚƌŝƐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ
ĐƌƵƐƚ͕ƚŚĞƚŚŝŶůĂLJĞƌŽĨƌŽĐŬĂƚƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ
28) What is one important idea related to the earth that the author men ons?
ĂͿ /ƚŝƐƚŚĞƚŚŝƌĚƉůĂŶĞƚ
ďͿ /ƚŝƐƌŽƵŶĚŝŶƐŚĂƉĞ
ĐͿ /ƚŚĂƐŵĂŶLJůĂLJĞƌƐ
ĚͿ /ƚŚĂƐĂƐƚĞƌŽŝĚƐĂƌŽƵŶĚŝƚ͘
29) What is one important idea related to the earth’s mass that the writer
men ons?
ĂͿ DĂŐŵĂ
ďͿ DĂŶƚůĞ
ĐͿ sĂƉŽƌ
ĚͿ /ƌŽŶ
30) What are two parts of the earth that the writer men ons?
ĂͿ ĐŽƌĞĂŶĚŵĂŶƚůĞ
ďͿ ŝĐĞĂŶĚĚƵƐƚ
ĐͿ ŝƌŽŶĂŶĚŶŝĐŬĞů
ĚͿ ŵĂŐŵĂĂŶĚĐƌƵƐƚ
31) What is the main topic of the passage?
ĂͿ dŚĞĐŽƌĞŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͘
ďͿ dŚĞƐŝnjĞŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͘
ĐͿ dŚĞĨŽƌŵŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͘
ĚͿ dŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͘
Passage 4
Sickle Cell Anemia
ϭͿ^ŝĐŬůĞĐĞůůĂŶĞŵŝĂŝƐĂĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƚŚĂƚĚĂŵĂŐĞƐƌĞĚďůŽŽĚĐĞůůƐ͘dŚĞĐĞůůƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ
ĂƌĞŶŽƌŵĂůůLJƌŽƵŶĚ͕ďĞĐŽŵĞƐŚĂƉĞĚůŝŬĞĂƐŝĐŬůĞ͘ƐŝĐŬůĞŝƐĂĐƌĞƐĐĞŶƚͲƐŚĂƉĞĚ
ƚŽŽů͕ƵƐĞĚƚŽŚĂƌǀĞƐƚĐƌŽƉƐ͘dŚĞƐŝĐŬůĞͲƐŚĂƉĞĚĐĞůůƐĂƌĞĨƌĂŐŝůĞĂŶĚĚŝĞƋƵŝĐŬůLJ͘
^ŝĐŬůĞĐĞůůĂŶĞŵŝĂĂīĞĐƚƐĂďŽƵƚϭŽƵƚŽĨϭϮƉĞŽƉůĞǁŝƚŚĨƌŝĐĂŶĂŶĐĞƐƚƌLJ͘/ƚĂůƐŽ
ĂīĞĐƚƐƉĞŽƉůĞǁŝƚŚ^ŽƵƚŚƐŝĂŶ͕DŝĚĚůĞĂƐƚĞƌ͕ŽƌDĞĚŝƚĞƌƌĂŶĞĂŶƌŽŽƚƐ͘
ϮͿ>ŝŬĞŽƚŚĞƌƚLJƉĞƐŽĨĂŶĞŵŝĂ͕ƐŝĐŬůĞĐĞůůĂŶĞŵŝĂĐĂƵƐĞƐƟƌĞĚŶĞƐƐ͕ǁĞĂŬŶĞƐƐ͕
ĂŶĚƐŚŽƌƚŶĞƐƐŽĨďƌĞĂƚŚ͘/ƚĂůƐŽŵĂLJůĞĂĚƚŽũĂƵŶĚŝĐĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĂLJĞůůŽǁŝŶŐŽĨ
ƚŚĞƐŬŝŶĂŶĚĞLJĞƐ͘dŚĞƉĂŝŶŵĂLJŽĐĐƵƌŝŶƚŚĞĂƌŵƐ͕ůĞŐƐ͕ƐƚŽŵĂĐŚ͕ŽƌĐŚĞƐƚ͘
ƉĂŝŶĐƌŝƐŝƐĐĂŶůĂƐƚĨƌŽŵƐĞǀĞƌĂůŚŽƵƌƐƚŽƐĞǀĞƌĂůĚĂLJƐ͘WĞŽƉůĞǁŝƚŚƐŝĐŬůĞĐĞůů
ĂŶĞŵŝĂĂůƐŽĂƌĞŵŽƌĞůŝŬĞůLJƚŽŐĞƚŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ
ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞŵĂLJŐƌŽǁŵŽƌĞƐůŽǁůLJƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘

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ϯͿ^ŝĐŬůĞĐĞůůĂŶĞŵŝĂŝƐĂŐĞŶĞƟĐĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŵĞĂŶƐƚŚĂƚŝƚŝƐŚĂŶĚĞĚĚŽǁŶ
ĨƌŽŵƉĂƌĞŶƚƚŽĐŚŝůĚ͘&ŽƌĂĐŚŝůĚƚŽŚĂǀĞƐŝĐŬůĞĐĞůůĂŶĞŵŝĂ͕ďŽƚŚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŵƵƐƚ
ĐĂƌƌLJƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞŐĞŶĞ͘/ĨŽŶůLJŽŶĞƉĂƌĞŶƚŚĂƐƚŚĞŐĞŶĞ͕ƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚ
ŐĞƚƚŚĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘However͕ƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚŵĂLJƉĂƐƐƚŚĞŐĞŶĞŽŶƚŽŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
ϰͿdŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽǁĂLJƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƐŝĐŬůĞĐĞůůĂŶĞŵŝĂ͘Ƶƚ/ƚŚŝŶŬĂŚĞĂůƚŚLJůŝĨĞƐƚLJůĞ
ĂŶĚŵĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĐĂŶŚĞůƉƉĂƟĞŶƚƐƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞƐLJŵƉƚŽŵƐ͘ /ŶĨĂŶƚƐĂŶĚLJŽƵŶŐ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞĂƌĞƚƌĞĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĂŶƟďŝŽƟĐƐ͕ƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘
^ŽŵĞƉĂƟĞŶƚƐŵĂLJŐĞƚƚƌĂŶƐĨƵƐŝŽŶƐŽĨďůŽŽĚĨƌŽŵŚĞĂůƚŚLJĚŽŶŽƌƐ͘ƌŝƐŬLJ
ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĐĂůůĞĚĂďŽŶĞŵĂƌƌŽǁƚƌĂŶƐƉůĂŶƚŝƐƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚŝŶƐĞƌŝŽƵƐĐĂƐĞƐ͘
32) What does paragraph 1) say about sickle cell anemia?
ĂͿ /ƚKE>zĂīĞĐƚƐĨƌŝĐĂŶ͘
ďͿ WĞŽƉůĞǁŝƚŚŝƚĚŝĞƋƵŝĐŬůLJ͘
ĐͿ WĂƌĞŶƚƐŐŝǀĞŝƚƚŽƚŚĞŝƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
ĚͿ ŝīĞƌĞŶƚŶĂƟŽŶĂůŝƟĞƐĐĂŶŐĞƚŝƚ͘
33) How can an adult avoid ge ng sickle cell anemia?
ĂͿ ǁŝƚŚĂďůŽŽĚƚƌĂŶƐĨƵƐŝŽŶ
ďͿ ďLJEKdƚĂŬŝŶŐĂŶƟďŝŽƟĐƐ
ĐͿ ŝƚE͛dďĞĂǀŽŝĚĞĚ
ĚͿ ďLJĞdžĞƌĐŝƐŝŶŐĚĂŝůLJ

34) Why does the writer use the words “in addi on” in paragraph 2)?
ĂͿ dŽƐŚŽǁĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨƚŚĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ
ďͿ dŽĞdžƉůĂŝŶǁŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐƚŽĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ĐͿ dŽĞdžƉůĂŝŶǁŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐĂŌĞƌĂŶŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶ
ĚͿ dŽƐŚŽǁĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚŚĂŶƚŚĞŝƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͘
35) Which word or expression can we use to replace the word However in
paragraph (3)?
ĂͿ DĞĂŶǁŚŝůĞ
ďͿ zĞƚ
ĐͿ ƐƐƵĐŚ
ĚͿ /ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ
36) what does the writer think about sickle cell anemia?
ĂͿ /ƚŝƐĂƉĂŝŶĨƵůĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘
ďͿ /ƚEEKdďĞƚƌĞĂƚĞĚ͘
ĐͿ /ƚŝƐĂƌŝƐŬLJĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘
ĚͿ /ƚĐĂŶďĞŵĂŶĂŐĞĚ͘

Ͷ͸ͺ
 handsomehayat@gmail.com

Passage 5
Wildfires in Washington
ϭͿtŝůĚĮƌĞƐƚĂŬĞƉůĂĐĞǁŝƚŚĂůĂƌŵŝŶŐĨƌĞƋƵĞŶĐLJŝŶƚŚĞĚƌŝĞƌĂƌĞĂƐŽĨƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ
^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJŝŶƚŚĞǁĞƐƚĞƌŶƐƚĂƚĞƐ͘EŽƚŽŶůLJĚŽƚŚĞĮƌĞƐĐĂƵƐĞŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞ
ĚĂŵĂŐĞďLJŬŝůůŝŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚĂŶŝŵĂůƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƉĂƚŚ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞLJĐĂŶĂůƐŽŚĂǀĞůŽŶŐͲ
ƚĞƌŵĞīĞĐƚƐƚŚĂƚŚĂƌŵƚŚĞĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘
;ϮͿƚƚŚĞ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚZĞĂĐŚEĂƟŽŶĂůDŽŶƵŵĞŶƚŝŶtĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶ^ƚĂƚĞ͕ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ
ƚLJƉĞƐŽĨǁŝůĚůŝĨĞƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞďƵƌƌŽǁŝŶŐŽǁů͕ƚŚĞƐĂŐĞďƌƵƐŚǀŽůĞ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉLJŐŵLJ
ƌĂďďŝƚĂďŽƵŶĚ͘ sŝƐŝƚŽƌƐƚŽ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚZĞĂĐŚŵŝŐŚƚĂůƐŽƐĞĞĞůŬ͕ƉŽƌĐƵƉŝŶĞƐ͕ĂŶĚ
ũĂĐŬƌĂďďŝƚƐƚŚĂƚůŝǀĞŶĞĂƌƚŚĞĨƌĞĞͲŇŽǁŝŶŐŽůƵŵďŝĂZŝǀĞƌ͘dŚĞĂƌĞĂŝƐ
ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐŚĞůƉĞĚƚŚĞƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƚŚƌŝǀĞ͘
;ϯͿKǀĞƌƚŚĞůĂƐƚĚĞĐĂĚĞ͕ƐĞǀĞƌĂůŵĂũŽƌǁŝůĚĮƌĞƐŚĂǀĞbroken out Ăƚ,ĂŶĨŽƌĚ
ZĞĂĐŚ͘dŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨĂĐƌĞƐŚĂǀĞďƵƌŶĞĚ͘KŶĞƚLJƉĞŽĨƉůĂŶƚƚŚĂƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶ
ƐĞǀĞƌĞůLJĚĂŵĂŐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĮƌĞƐŝƐƐĂŐĞďƌƵƐŚ͘dŚŝƐƉŽƐĞƐƐƉĞĐŝĂůƉƌŽďůĞŵƐĨŽƌ
ŵĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐůŝǀŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƌŬ͘
;ϰͿ&ŝƌƐƚ͕ĂŶŝŵĂůƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞƐĂŐĞŐƌŽƵƐĞĚĞƉĞŶĚŽŶƐĂŐĞďƌƵƐŚĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌ
ŶĂƚƵƌĂůŚĂďŝƚĂƚ͘/ƚĐĂŶƚĂŬĞƚŚŝƌƚLJLJĞĂƌƐĨŽƌƐĂŐĞďƌƵƐŚƚŽŐƌŽǁůĂƌŐĞĞŶŽƵŐŚƚŽ
ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞshelter ĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͘^ĞĐŽŶĚ͕ĂŌĞƌƚŚĞƐĂŐĞďƌƵƐŚďƵƌŶƐ͕ĂŶ
ŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĐĂůůĞĚĐŚĞĂƚŐƌĂƐƐĐĂŶŐƌŽǁƋƵŝĐŬůLJŝŶŝƚƐƉůĂĐĞ͘ hŶĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůLJ͕
ĐŚĞĂƚŐƌĂƐƐďƵƌŶƐŵŽƌĞĞĂƐŝůLJĂŶĚĂƚŚŝŐŚĞƌƚĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞƐƚŚĂŶƐĂŐĞďƌƵƐŚ͘dŚĂƚ
ŵĞĂŶƐƚŚĂƚĂŌĞƌƐĂŐĞďƌƵƐŚŝƐĚĞƐƚƌŽLJĞĚ͕ǁŝůĚĮƌĞƐĐĂŶŽĐĐƵƌŵŽƌĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůLJ
ĂŶĚďĞĞǀĞŶŵŽƌĞĚĞǀĂƐƚĂƟŶŐ͘

37) What happened because of wildfires at Hanford Reach?

ĂͿ ^ĂŐĞďƌƵƐŚďƵƌŶĞĚ͘
ďͿ tŽƌŬĞƌƐďĞĐĂŵĞŝůů͘
ĐͿ DĂŶLJ:ĂĐŬƌĂďďŝƚƐĚŝĞĚ͘
ĚͿ &ŝƌĞƐďĞĐĂŵĞůĞƐƐĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚ͘

38) What is one nega ve effect of damaged sagebrush?

ĂͿ /ƚEsZŐƌŽǁƐďĂĐŬ͘
ďͿ dŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƉůĂŶƚƐĚŝĞ͘
ĐͿ ŚĞĂƚŐƌĂƐƐŐƌŽǁƐŝŶŝƚƐƉůĂĐĞ͘
ĚͿ ŶŝŵĂůƐŵŽǀĞƚŽĂŶĞǁĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘
39) The word “shelter” in paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to……
ĂͿ ĂŶŐĞƌ
ďͿ &ŽŽĚ
ĐͿ /ƐƐƵĞ
ĚͿ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

Ͷ͸ͻ
 handsomehayat@gmail.com

40) The phrase “broken out” in paragraph (3) is closest in meaning to ………
ĂͿ ^ƉƌĞĂĚ
ďͿ ^ƚĂƌƚĞĚ
ĐͿ ƌĂĐŬĞĚ
ĚͿ ĞƐƚƌŽLJĞĚ

WĂƐƐĂŐĞϲ

41) Which city has the worst traffic conges on?

ĂͿ >ŽĚnj
ďͿ ĂŝƌŽ
ĐͿ DƵŵďĂŝ
ĚͿ ĂŶŐŬŽŬ
42) Which city has the same level of traffic conges on as Lima?
ĂͿ ŽŐŽƚĂ
ďͿ DŽƐĐŽǁ

Ͷ͹Ͳ
 handsomehayat@gmail.com

ĐͿ EĞǁzŽƌŬ
ĚͿ EĞǁĞůŚŝ

Passage 7
Early Astronomy
ŶĐŝĞŶƚ/ŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚDĞĂƐƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞ^ƚĂƌƐ
;ϭͿdŚĞŵŽƐƚĂŶĐŝĞŶƚĚĞǀŝĐĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶĂůůĞĂƌůLJĐŝǀŝůŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ŝƐĂΗƐŚĂĚŽǁƐƟĐŬΗ͘
dŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁĐĂƐƚĨƌŽŵĂƐŚĂĚŽǁƐƟĐŬǁĂƐƵƐĞĚƚŽŽďƐĞƌǀĞƚŚĞŵŽƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ
^ƵŶĂŶĚƚŚƵƐƚŽƚĞůůƟŵĞ͘dŽĚĂLJǁĞĐĂůůƚŚŝƐŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂ'ŶŽŵŽŶ͘dŚĞŶĂŵĞ
ŐŶŽŵŽŶĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ'ƌĞĞŬĂŶĚƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽĂŶLJ
>ͲƐŚĂƉĞĚŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ͕ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůLJƵƐĞĚƚŽĚƌĂǁĂƌŝŐŚƚĂŶŐůĞ͘
;ϮͿ/ŶƵĐůŝĚŽŽŬ//͕ǁŚĞƌĞƵĐůŝĚĚĞĂůƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽĨĂƌĞĂƐ͕ƚŚĞ
ŐŶŽŵŽŶƚĂŬĞƐƚŚĞĨŽƌŵŽĨĂŶΗ>ͲƐŚĂƉĞĚΗĂƌĞĂƚŽƵĐŚŝŶŐƚǁŽĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƐŝĚĞƐŽĨĂ
ƉĂƌĂůůĞůŽŐƌĂŵ͘dŽĚĂLJ͕ĂŐŶŽŵŽŶŝƐƚŚĞǀĞƌƟĐĂůƌŽĚŽƌƐŝŵŝůĂƌĚĞǀŝĐĞƚŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƐ
ƚŚĞƐŚĂĚŽǁŽŶĂƐƵŶĚŝĂů͘
;ϯͿdŚĞDĞƌŬŚĞƚŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŽůĚĞƐƚŬŶŽǁŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ͘/ƚǁĂƐ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĂƌŽƵŶĚϲϬϬĂŶĚƵƐĞƐĂƉůƵŵďůŝŶĞƚŽŽďƚĂŝŶĂƚƌƵĞǀĞƌƟĐĂů͘
ĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶĂŶĚŐLJƉƟĂŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐǁĞƌĞĂďůĞƚŽŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƚŚĞĂůƟƚƵĚĞĂŶĚ
ůĂƚĞƌĂůĚŝƐƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨŚĞĂǀĞŶůLJŽďũĞĐƚƐĨƌŽŵĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶďLJƵƐŝŶŐĂ
DĞƌŬŚĞƚ͕ƚŚƵƐŐŝǀŝŶŐƚŚĞĞĂƌůŝĞƐƚŝĚĞĂƐŽĨƚƵƌŶŝŶŐ͕ŽƌĂŶŐůĞ͘
;ϰͿƉĂŝƌŽĨŵĞƌŬŚĞƚƐǁĞƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂEŽƌƚŚͲ^ŽƵƚŚĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶďLJůŝŶŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞŵƵƉ͕ŽŶĞďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞWŽůĞ^ƚĂƌ͘sŝĞǁŝŶŐƚŚĞƉůƵŵďůŝŶĞƐ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƐŝŐŚƚŵĂĚĞƐƵƌĞƚŚĞƚǁŽŵĞƌŬŚĞƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƐŝŐŚƚǁĞƌĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ
ƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞWŽůĞ^ƚĂƌ͘hƐŝŶŐĂǁĂƚĞƌĐůŽĐŬƚŽĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƟŵŝŶŐƐ͕ƚŚŝƐ
ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨŵĞƌŬŚĞƚƐĂůůŽǁĞĚƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽƚĂŬĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨŶŝŐŚƚͲƟŵĞ
ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƟŵĞƐǁŚĞŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƐƚĂƌƐĐƌŽƐƐĞĚƚŚĞǀĞƌƟĐĂůƉůƵŵďůŝŶĞ;Ă
ΗƚƌĂŶƐŝƚůŝŶĞΗͿ͘
;ϱͿdŚĞŐLJƉƟĂŶƐĚŝǀŝĚĞĚƚŚĞϯϲϬĚĞŐƌĞĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĞĐůŝƉƟĐŝŶƚŽϯϲƐĞĐƟŽŶƐŽĨϭϬ
ĚĞŐƌĞĞƐĞĂĐŚ͘dŚŝƐĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶǁĂƐŬŶŽǁŶďĞĨŽƌĞϮϯϬϬ͘ĂĐŚƚĞŶͲĚĞŐƌĞĞ
ƐĞĐƟŽŶ;ĐĂůůĞĚĂĚĞĐĂŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ'ƌĞĞŬĨŽƌƚĞŶͿĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚĂĐŽŶƐƚĞůůĂƟŽŶŽĨ
ƐƚĂƌƐůŝŶĞĚƵƉĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞĞĐůŝƉƟĐ͘^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞĂƌƚŚŵĂŬĞƐĂĨƵůůƌŽƚĂƟŽŶŝŶϮϰ
ŚŽƵƌƐ͕ƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƐŝŶĂŶĞǁĚĞĐĂŶǁŝůůƌŝƐĞĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞŚŽƌŝnjŽŶĂďŽƵƚĞǀĞƌLJϰϬ
ŵŝŶƵƚĞƐ͘dŚĞƐLJƐƚĞŵŽĨĚĞĐĂŶƐǁĂƐƵƐĞĚĨŽƌĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŐŚƚŚŽƵƌƐĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞƐĞĂƐŽŶƐ͘
ĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐ
ϲͿKďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĐĞůĞƐƟĂůďŽĚŝĞƐďLJƚŚĞĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶƐĨƌŽŵĂďŽƵƚϭ͕ϴϬϬ
ŐĂǀĞƌŝƐĞƚŽƚŚĞĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƌĐůĞŝŶƚŽϯϲϬĚĞŐƌĞĞƐ͕ĂŶĚďLJĂďŽƵƚ
ϱϬϬ͕ƚŚĞĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚĞĂǀĞŶƐŝŶƚŽƚǁĞůǀĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƐŽĨϯϬĚĞŐƌĞĞƐĞĂĐŚ͕
ŽŌĞŶƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚƚŽĂƐƚŚĞϭϮŚŽƵƐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞnjŽĚŝĂĐ͘dŚĞĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶƐƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚƚŚĞ
ĞǀĞŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞůƵŶĂƌŵŽŶƚŚ͕ƚŚĞĚĂŝůLJŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƵŶĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƐŬLJŽǀĞƌ

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ƚŚĞLJĞĂƌ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝƐŝŶŐĂŶĚƐĞƫŶŐŽĨƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌƉůĂŶĞƚƐ͘^Ž͕ďLJϳϱϬ
ĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐŚĂĚĂƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůLJĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞŵĞĂŶƐŽĨŵĞĂƐƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ
;ůĂƟƚƵĚĞͿĂŶĚůĂƚĞƌĂůĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ;ůŽŶŐŝƚƵĚĞͿŽĨĂůůŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ͘dŚĞLJ
ďƵŝůƚƵƉĂŶĞdžƚĞŶƐŝǀĞĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂƚĂ͕ĂŶĚŵĂĚĞƚĂďůĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐŽĨ
ŽďũĞĐƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƐŬLJĂƚĂŶLJŐŝǀĞŶƟŵĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂLJĞĂƌ;ƚŚĞƐĞƚĂďůĞƐĂƌĞĐĂůůĞĚ
ĞƉŚĞŵĞƌŝĚĞƐͿ͘
ϳͿhƐŝŶŐŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂůƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐůŝŬĞŚĞůŝĂĐĂůƌŝƐŝŶŐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŽĐĐƵƌƐǁŚĞŶĂ
ƉůĂŶĞƚ͕ƐƚĂƌŽƌŽƚŚĞƌďŽĚLJĮƌƐƚďĞĐŽŵĞƐǀŝƐŝďůĞĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĞĂƐƚĞƌŶŚŽƌŝnjŽŶĂƚ
ĚĂǁŶ͕ŝƚǁĂƐĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚƚŚĂƚ͗
 ƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƚĞůůĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞnjŽĚŝĂĐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚĂĨƵůůĐŝƌĐůĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƐŬLJ
ŽŶĐĞĂLJĞĂƌ
 ƚŚĞ^ƵŶΖƐĂƉƉĂƌĞŶƚŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚĚĂŝůLJĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƐŬLJĨŽƌŵĞĚϭϯϲϬŽĨĂ
ĐŝƌĐůĞ
 ƚŚĞŵŽŽŶŵŽǀĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂďŽƵƚϭϯϯϲϬŽĨĂĐŝƌĐůĞĞĂĐŚĚĂLJ
 ƚŚĞĐůŝƉƟĐǁĂƐŝŶĐůŝŶĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŚŽƌŝnjŽŶ;ĂďŽƵƚϮϯϭϮĚĞŐƌĞĞƐͿ
 ƉůĂŶĞƚƐǁĞƌĞƚƌĂǀĞůůŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƌLJďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚŝŶƌĞŐƵůĂƌƉĂƚŚƐ
ƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŵŽǀŝŶŐďĂĐŬŽŶƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŝŶĂůŽŽƉ;ƌĞƚƌŽŐƌĂĚĞͿ
 ĞĐůŝƉƐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŵŽŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƵŶĐŽƵůĚďĞƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĞĚ
 ƚƌĂŶƐŝƚƐŽĨƉůĂŶĞƚƐ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘sĞŶƵƐͿŵŽǀŝŶŐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞĨĂĐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƵŶ͕ĂŶĚ
ŽĐĐƵůƚĂƟŽŶƐ;ǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞŵŽŽŶĐŽǀĞƌĞĚƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƐͿĐŽƵůĚďĞŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͘
dŚĞƐĞŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŽǀĞƌŵĂŶLJĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐ͕ƐůŽǁůLJďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐŵŽƌĞ
ĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞ͕ƐŽƚŚĂƚĂŶĐŝĞŶƚƉĞŽƉůĞǁĞƌĞĂďůĞƚŽŵĂŬĞƐƚĂƌŵĂƉƐ͕ĂŶĚĚĞƚĞĐƚƚŚĞ
ƌĞŐƵůĂƌĞǀĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŚĞĂǀĞŶƐ͘
ϴͿDĂŶLJƐĞĂƐŽŶĂůƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶĂůŝŬĞƚŚĞŇŽŽĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞEŝůĞ͕ŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĂůĞǀĞŶƚƐ
ůŝŬĞƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐĐĞƌĞŵŽŶŝĞƐǁĞƌĞůŝŶŬĞĚƚŽĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶĂ͘dŚĞĂďŝůŝƚLJ
ƚŽƉƌĞĚŝĐƚƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŵĂũŽƌĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůĞǀĞŶƚƐŐĂǀĞƌŝƐĞƚŽĂƐƚƌŽůŽŐLJ͕
ǁŚĞƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞďĞůŝĞǀĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐĂůŝŶŬďĞƚǁĞĞŶŚĞĂǀĞŶůLJĂŶĚĞĂƌƚŚůLJ
ĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƐŚĂĚƐŽŵĞĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽǀĞƌƚŚĞŝƌůŝǀĞƐ͘^ĞĞƚŚŝƐŶĞǁƐ
ŝƚĞŵĂďŽƵƚĂƉƌĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐƐƚĂƌŵĂƉ͘
ϵͿdŚĞĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶƐĂŶĚŚŝŶĞƐĞďŽƚŚďĞůŝĞǀĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽŽŶ
ǁĞƌĞƐƉŚĞƌŝĐĂů͕ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽŽŶƌŽƚĂƚĞĚŽŶĂŶĂdžŝƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ
ƐƵŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƉůĂŶĞƚƐŵŽǀĞĚŝŶĐŝƌĐůĞƐƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͘dŚŝƐĞŶĂďůĞĚƚŚĞŵƚŽďĞ
ĂďůĞƚŽĞdžƉůĂŝŶƚŚĞƉŚĂƐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŵŽŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĞĐůŝƉƐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŵŽŽŶĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞƐƵŶďLJďĞůŝĞǀŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚĐĂƐƚĂƐŚĂĚŽǁŽŶƚŚĞŵŽŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽŽŶ
ĐĂƐƚĂƐŚĂĚŽǁŽǀĞƌƚŚĞƐƵŶ͘dŚĞLJǁĞƌĞĂďůĞƚŽƉƌĞĚŝĐƚƉĂƚŚƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌŽďũĞĐƚƐ
ĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƐƵŶ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐŝƚŽĨsĞŶƵƐ͕ĂĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶĂŶĚĞdžƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨǁŚŝĐŚĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚŽŶtŝŬŝƉĞĚŝĂ͘
ϭϬͿdŚĞĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůĚĂƚĂƐLJƐƚĞŵĂƟĐĂůůLJĂŶĚ
ďLJƚŚĞ^ĞůĞƵĐŝĚƉĞƌŝŽĚ;ϯϯϬͲϭϮϱͿƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞĂŐƌĞĂƚŵĂŶLJĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵŝĐĂů
ƚĂďůĞƚƐƐŚŽǁŝŶŐĞƉŚĞŵĞƌŝĚĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŵŽŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌƉůĂŶĞƚƐ͘DĂŶLJŽĨƚŚĞ

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ƚĂďůĞƚƐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶΗƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐΗŽƌŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌŚŽǁƚŽĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĂůƐ
ďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůĞǀĞŶƚƐƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐŽĨƐŝŵƉůĞĂƌŝƚŚŵĞƟĐ
ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶƐ͘dŚĞƐĞƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐǁĞƌĞƚŚĞĞĂƌůŝĞƐƚƐƚĞƉƐŽĨĂ
ŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂůĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵLJ͕ĂŶĚďŽƚŚƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĚĂƚĂǁĞƌĞƵƐĞĚďLJ
ƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĐĂŵĞůĂƚĞƌ͘dŚĞĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶƐǁƌŽƚĞĚŽǁŶůŝƐƚƐŽĨŶƵŵďĞƌƐ͕ŝŶǁŚĂƚ
ǁĞǁŽƵůĚĐĂůůĂŶĂƌŝƚŚŵĞƟĐƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĂŶĚƌĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĞĚƚŚĂƚŶƵŵďĞƌƐƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚ
ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŽǀĞƌƉĞƌŝŽĚƐŽĨƟŵĞ͘

ŚŝŶĞƐĞƐƚƌŽŶŽŵLJ
ϭϭͿdŚĞŚŝŶĞƐĞǁĞƌĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞŽďƐĞƌǀĞƌƐŽĨĐĞůĞƐƟĂůƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶĂ
ďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞƌĂďƐ͘ΗKƌĂĐůĞŽŶĞƐΗǁŝƚŚƐƚĂƌŶĂŵĞƐĞŶŐƌĂǀĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŵĚĂƟŶŐ
ďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĞŚŝŶĞƐĞƌŽŶnjĞŐĞ;ĂďŽƵƚϮ͕ϬϬϬͿŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĨŽƵŶĚ͕ĂŶĚǀĞƌLJ
ŽůĚƐƚĂƌŵĂƉƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĨŽƵŶĚŽŶƉŽƩĞƌLJ͕ĞŶŐƌĂǀĞĚŽŶƐƚŽŶĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƉĂŝŶƚĞĚŽŶ
ƚŚĞǁĂůůƐŽĨĐĂǀĞƐ͘^ƵƌǀŝǀŝŶŐƌĞĐŽƌĚƐŽĨĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŵĂĚĞďLJƚǁŽ
ĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐ^Śŝ^ŚĞŶĂŶĚ'ĂŶĞĚĂƚĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞϰƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͘
ϭϮͿ^Śŝ^ŚĞŶǁƌŽƚĞĂŬŽŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵLJ͕ĂŶĚŵĂĚĞĂƐƚĂƌŵĂƉĂŶĚĂƐƚĂƌ
ĐĂƚĂůŽŐƵĞ͘/Ŷϯϲϰ 'ĂŶĞŵĂĚĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨƐƵŶƐƉŽƚƐ͕
ĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽŽŶƐŽĨ:ƵƉŝƚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞLJďŽƚŚŵĂĚĞĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞĮǀĞ
ŵĂũŽƌƉůĂŶĞƚƐ͘ dŚĞŝƌŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐǁĞƌĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƐ
ƌŽƚĂƟŶŐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƉŽůĞ;ĞƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚƌŽƚĂƟŶŐŽŶŝƚƐĂdžŝƐͿ͘
ϭϯͿdŚĞŽůĚĞƐƚƐƚĂƌŵĂƉĨŽƵŶĚƐŽĨĂƌŝƐĨƌŽŵƵŶŚƵĂŶŐ͘ĂƌůŝĞƌƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƚŽĚĂƚĞ
ĨƌŽŵĂďŽƵƚϵϰϬ͕ŝƚǁĂƐŵĂĚĞǁŝƚŚƉƌĞĐŝƐĞŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂůŵĞƚŚŽĚƐďLJƚŚĞ
ĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌĂŶĚŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐŝĂŶ>ŝŚƵŶĨĞŶŐ;ϲϬϮͲϲϳϬͿĂŶĚƐŚŽǁƐϭϯϯϵƐƚĂƌƐŝŶ
ϮϱϳŚŝŶĞƐĞƐƚĂƌŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŝƚŚĂ ƉƌĞĐŝƐŝŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶϭ͘ϱĂŶĚϰĚĞŐƌĞĞƐŽĨĂƌĐ͘/Ŷ
ĂůůƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϭϮĐŚĂƌƚƐĞĂĐŚŝŶϯϬͲĚĞŐƌĞĞƐĞĐƟŽŶƐĚŝƐƉůĂLJŝŶŐƚŚĞĨƵůůƐŬLJǀŝƐŝďůĞ
ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞEŽƌƚŚĞƌŶŚĞŵŝƐƉŚĞƌĞ͘hƉƚŽŶŽǁŝƚŝƐƚŚĞŽůĚĞƐƚĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ
ƐƚĂƌĂƚůĂƐĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶLJĐŝǀŝůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͘/ƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶŽŶĚŝƐƉůĂLJƚŚŝƐLJĞĂƌŝŶƚŚĞ
ƌŝƟƐŚ>ŝďƌĂƌLJƚŽĐĞůĞďƌĂƚĞϮϬϬϵĂƐƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůzĞĂƌŽĨƐƚƌŽŶŽŵLJ͘
ϭϰͿ^ŽŵĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨ/ŶĚŝĂŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵLJƌĞĂĐŚĞĚŚŝŶĂǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞdžƉĂŶƐŝŽŶŽĨ
ƵĚĚŚŝƐŵ;ϮϱͲϮϮϬͿ͘>ĂƚĞƌ͕ĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌŝŽĚ;ϲϭϴͲϵϬϳͿĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ
/ŶĚŝĂŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐĐĂŵĞƚŽůŝǀĞŝŶŚŝŶĂĂŶĚ/ƐůĂŵŝĐĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚ
ĐůŽƐĞůLJǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌŚŝŶĞƐĞĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƉĂƌƚƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJĚƵƌŝŶŐ;ϭϮϳϭͲϭϯϲϴͿ͘
ϭϱͿsĞƌLJůŝƩůĞŽĨƚŚĞŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŽĨƚŚĞ/ŶĚŝĂŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŚŝŶĞƐĞǁĂƐŬŶŽǁŶŝŶ
ƵƌŽƉĞďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞWŽƌƚƵŐƵĞƐĞŶĂǀŝŐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞ:ĞƐƵŝƚƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚDĂƩĞŽZŝĐĐŝ
ŝŶƚŚĞĮŌĞĞŶƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͘ĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵLJĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚĚŝƌĞĐƚĞŵƉŝƌŝĐĂů
ĚĂƚĂĂƐĂĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌ'ƌĞĞŬƚŚĞŽƌLJĂŶĚĞdžĂĐƚůLJƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĚĂƚĂǁŚŝĐŚ
ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞΗnjŝŐͲnjĂŐΗĚĂƚĂƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶƚŚĞŽƌLJ
ǁĞƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽĐĂůĐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĞŵĞĂŶŵŽƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƐƵŶĂŶĚŵŽŽŶďLJ,ŝƉƉĂƌĐŚƵƐ͘

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43) Who used the “Merkhet” to measure al tude?

ĂͿ ĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶĂŶĚŐLJƉƟĂŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐ͘
ďͿ ĂďLJůŽŶŝĂŶĂŶĚ'ƌĞĞŬĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐ͘
ĐͿ 'ƌĞĞŬĂŶĚŐLJƉƟĂŶĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐ͘
ĚͿ 'ƌĞĞŬĂŶĚŚŝŶĞƐĞĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵĞƌƐ͘
44) What two objects did the Babylonian and Chinese believe rotated an
axis?
ĂͿ ƚŚĞƐƵŶĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽŽŶ
ďͿ dŚĞĞĂƌƚŚĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƵŶ
ĐͿ dŚĞĞĂƌƚŚĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŽŽŶ
ĚͿ dŚĞƐƵŶĂŶĚƚŚĞsĞŶƵƐ
45) What did Gan De make in 364 BC?
ĂͿ ĂƐƚĂƌŵĂƉĂŶĚŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŽĨ:ƵƉŝƚĞƌ͛ƐŵŽŽŶƐ͘
ďͿ ĂƐƚĂƌĐĂƚĂůŽŐƵĞĂŶĚŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĮǀĞƉůĂŶĞƚƐ
ĐͿ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĮǀĞƉůĂŶĞƚƐĂŶĚ:ƵƉŝƚĞƌ͛ƐŵŽŽŶƐ
ĚͿ KďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŽĨ:ƵƉŝƚĞƌ͛ƐŵŽŽŶƐĂŶĚĂƐƚĂƌĐĂƚĂůŽŐƵĞ

Passage 8
Nuclear Age
ϭͿdŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐďĞĐĂŵĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĂŶĚŽŶůLJŶĂƟŽŶƚŽƵƐĞĂƚŽŵŝĐǁĞĂƉŽŶƐ
ĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƟŵĞŽĨǁĂƌǁŚĞŶŝƚĚƌŽƉƉĞĚĂŶĂƚŽŵŝĐďŽŵďŽŶƚŚĞ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞĐŝƚLJ
ŽĨ,ŝƌŽƐŚŝŵĂ͘LJƚŚĞƟŵĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞh^ƚĞƐƚĞĚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůĂƚŽŵŝĐďŽŵď
ŝŶƚŚĞEĞǁDĞdžŝĐŽĚĞƐĞƌƚŝŶ:ƵůLJϭϵϰϱƚŽŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůLJƵƐĞŽŶ'ĞƌŵĂŶLJ͕ƚŚĞLJŚĂĚ
ĂůƌĞĂĚLJďĞĞŶĚĞĨĞĂƚĞĚ͕ďƵƚ:ĂƉĂŶǁĂƐƐƟůůĮŐŚƟŶŐŝŶƚŚĞǁĂƌ͘dŚŝƐĂƚŽŵŝĐ
ƚĞƐƟŶŐmarked ƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞŶƵĐůĞĂƌĂŐĞ͘
;ϮͿŌĞƌƐƉƌŝŶŐϭϵϰϱ͕ǁŝƚŚ:ĂƉĂŶƐŚŐĂŶŝŶĂŶĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJǁĞĂŬƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞ
hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐǁĂƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐǁĂLJƐŽĨďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽŶŐǁĂƌƚŽĂŶ
ĞŶĚ͗ŝŶǀĂĚĞƚŚĞ:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞŵĂŝŶůĂŶĚŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϭϵϰϱ͕ĂƐŬƚŚĞ^ŽǀŝĞƚhŶŝŽŶƚŽ
ũŽŝŶƚŚĞǁĂƌĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ:ĂƉĂŶ͕assure ƚŚĞŝƌŵƉĞƌŽƌƐLJƐƚĞŵĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚ͕ŽƌƵƐĞƚŚĞ
ĂƚŽŵŝĐďŽŵď͖ƚŚĞh͘^͘ďĞůŝĞǀĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĂƚŽŵŝĐďŽŵďĐŽƵůĚĞŶĚƚŚĞǁĂƌĨŽƌ
ŐŽŽĚ͘:ĂƉĂŶ͕ĚŝĚŶŽƚŐŝǀĞƵƉƐŽĞĂƐŝůLJĂŶĚƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚ'ĞƌŵĂŶLJŚĂĚĂůƌĞĂĚLJ
ĚŽŶĞƐŽĚŝĚŶŽƚŵĂŬĞĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƚŽ:ĂƉĂŶŝŶĂŶLJǁĂLJ͘:ĂƉĂŶŚĂĚƚǁŽƚŽŵŝĐ
ďŽŵďƐĚƌŽƉƉĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕,ŝƌŽƐŚŝŵĂĂŶĚEĂŐĂƐĂŬŝŽŶƚŚĞϲƚŚĂŶĚϵƚŚŽĨ
ƵŐƵƐƚϭϵϰϱ͘
46) The word “marked” in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……..
ĂͿ /ŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ
ďͿ EŽƟĐĞĚ
ĐͿ WƌŽǀĞĚ

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ĚͿ ĞĨĞĂƚĞĚ
47) The word “assure” in paragraph (2) is closest in meaning to ………
ĂͿ ŵĂƌŬ
ďͿ ŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞ
ĐͿ ĚĞĐůĂƌĞ
ĚͿ ƐǁĞĂƌ
Passage 9
Animal tes ng
ϭͿ DĞĚŝĐĂů ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĂŶŝŵĂůƐ ŚĂƐ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ
ƌĂĐĞ͘tŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐĂĐƵƌĞĨŽƌƉŽůŝŽǁŽƵůĚŶŽƚĞdžŝƐƚĂŶĚĚŝĂďĞƟĐƐǁŽƵůĚ
ĚŝĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘ĞƐƉŝƚĞƚŚĞƐĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ŵĂŶLJƉĞŽƉůĞĚŝƐĂŐƌĞĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƵƐĞ
ŽĨĂŶŝŵĂůƐĨŽƌƚĞƐƟŶŐŶĞǁĚƌƵŐƐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ŝƚŝƐŵLJǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŝƐ
ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ͘
ϮͿŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŝƐĂĐŚĞĂƉĂŶĚĞīĞĐƟǀĞǁĂLJƚŽŚĞůƉƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐĐƌĞĂƚĞŶĞǁĚƌƵŐƐ
ĨŽƌŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘/ƚŝƐŬŶŽǁŶƚŚĂƚĂŶŝŵĂůƐƐƵĐŚĂƐŵŽŶŬĞLJƐŽƌƌĂďďŝƚƐŚĂǀĞƐŝŵŝůĂƌ
ƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐƚŽŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘dŚŝƐĂůůŽǁƐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐƚŽƚĞƐƚŚŽǁƐĂĨĞĂŶĚŚŽǁ
ĞīĞĐƟǀĞĂĚƌƵŐŝƐďĞĨŽƌĞƵƐŝŶŐŝƚǁŝƚŚƉĞŽƉůĞ͘/ĨĂĚƌƵŐƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƐĂŶĞŐĂƟǀĞĞīĞĐƚ
ŝŶƚŚĞĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ŝƚŝƐƉƌŽďĂďůLJƵŶĮƚĨŽƌŚƵŵĂŶƵƐĞ͘hƐŝŶŐĂŶŝŵĂůƐĨŽƌƚĞƐƟŶŐĚƌƵŐƐ
ŝƐĂůƐŽĐŚĞĂƉ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂůĂƌŐĞƐƵƉƉůLJŽĨĂŶŝŵĂůƐĂŶĚƚŚĞLJĐĂŶďĞƐĂĨĞůLJůŽŽŬĞĚ
ĂŌĞƌ͘/ƚǁŽƵůĚďĞŵƵĐŚ ŵŽƌĞĞdžƉĞŶƐŝǀĞƚŽƚĞƐƚŽŶŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘
ϯͿŶŝŵĂůƌŝŐŚƚƐĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶĞƌƐĂƌŐƵĞƚŚĂƚĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŝƐĐƌƵĞů͘/ŶƐŽŵĞĐĂƐĞƐ
ƚŚŝƐŝƐƚƌƵĞ͕ďƵƚŝƚǁŽƵůĚďĞĞǀĞŶŵŽƌĞĐƌƵĞůƚŽĂůůŽǁƉĞŽƉůĞĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽĚŝĞ
ŽƌďĞĐŽŵĞƐŝĐŬďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽĞŶŽƵŐŚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂďŽƵƚĂĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĚƌƵŐ
Žƌ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ͘ tŚĂƚ͛Ɛ ŵŽƌĞ͕ ƌƵůĞƐ ŝŶ ŵŽƐƚ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ ƐĞƚ ůŝŐŚƚ ƐƚĂŶĚĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ
ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞůĂǁƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐŵƵƐƚĨŽůůŽǁƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ
ƚŚĞŵĨƌŽŵďĞŝŶŐĐƌƵĞůƚŽĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͘
ϰͿ   ŽƉƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ĂŶŝŵĂů ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂůƐŽ ƐĂLJ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĚŽ ƚŚĞƐĞ
ƵŶŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ ĐƌƵĞů ĂŶŝŵĂů ƚĞƐƚƐ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚLJ ŚĂǀĞ Ăůů ƚŚĞ
ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǁĞŶĞĞĚĂďŽƵƚƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͘dŚŝƐŝƐƐŝŵƉůLJŶŽƚƚƌƵĞ͘DĂŶLJ
ƐĞƌŝŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞĂĚůLJ ŶĞǁ ǀŝƌƵƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶƐ ĂƉƉĞĂƌ ĞǀĞƌLJ LJĞĂƌ ĂŶĚ ŶĞǁ
ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĚƌƵŐƐĂƌĞĂůǁĂLJƐŶĞĞĚĞĚ͘
ϱͿ/ŶƐƵŵŵĂƌLJ͕ĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŝŶŶĞĞĚĞĚŝŶŽƵƌǁŽƌůĚ͘/ƚŝƐĂĐŚĞĂƉĂŶĚĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
ǁĂLJ ƚŽ ĮŶĚ ŶĞǁ ĂŶĚ ďĞƩĞƌ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚƐ ĨŽƌ ŚƵŵĂŶ ŝůůŶĞƐƐĞƐ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ŝƚ ŝƐ
ŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽŬĞĞƉĂůůĂŶŝŵĂůƐĨƌŽŵŚĂƌŵ͕ŝƚŝƐƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŽĨƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƚŽ
ŵĂŬĞ ƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞLJ ŐĞƚ ƚŚĞ ďĞƐƚ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ĐĂƌĞ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞLJ ĂƌĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ƵƐĞĚ ŝŶ
ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐ͘

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48) What idea do the words “oppononets of animal research” in paragraph (4)
repeat?
ĂͿ ĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐ
ďͿ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĂŶŝŵĂůƐ
ĐͿ ĂŶŝŵĂůƌŝŐŚƚƐĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶĞƌƐ
ĚͿ ŵĞĚŝĐĂůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐĂŶŝŵĂůƐ
49) Which of the following does the writer say is a fact?
ĂͿ DŽŶŬĞLJƐĂƌĞƚŚĞďĞƐƚĂŶŝŵĂůƐĨŽƌŵĞĚŝĐĂůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘
ďͿ DĂŶLJŶĞǁĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐĂƌĞĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚĞĂĐŚLJĞĂƌ͘
ĐͿ ŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐĐĂŶďĞĐƌƵĞů͘
ĚͿ ŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ͘
50) How is the writer’s view about animal tes ng different from animal rights
campaigners’ view?
ĂͿ ^ŚĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƚŚĂƚĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐĐĂŶďĞĐƌƵĞů͘
ďͿ ,ĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƚŚĂƚĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŝƐŝŶĞdžƉĞŶƐŝǀĞ͘
ĐͿ ^ŚĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƚŚĂƚŵŽŶŬĞLJƐĂƌĞƚŚĞďĞƐƚĂŶŝŵĂůƐƚŽƵƐĞŝŶƚĞƐƚƐ͘
ĚͿ ^ŚĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƚŚĂƚĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŝƐŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽƚƌLJŽƵƚŶĞǁŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞƐ͘
51) What can we understand from the passage about animal tes ng?
ĂͿ /ĨĂĚƌƵŐǁŽƌŬƐŝŶŵŽŶŬĞLJƐ͕ŝƚǁŝůůƐůĂŽǁŽƌŬŝŶŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘
ďͿ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐƵƐĞĂŶŝŵĂůƐƚŽƚĞƐƚŶĞǁĚƌƵŐƐĨŽƌƉĞƚƐ͘
ĐͿ DŽƐƚĂŶŝŵĂůƐƚĞƐƚƐƵƐĞƌĂďďŝƚƐŽƌŵŽŶŬĞLJƐ
ĚͿ ^ŽŵĞĂŶŝŵĂůƐƐƵīĞƌĚƵƌŝŶŐĂŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƚƐ͘
52) What can we understand from the passage about animal tes ng?
ĂͿ DĂŶLJĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĂůůŽǁƚĞƐƟŶŐŽŶĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͘
ďͿ ŶŝŵĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŝƐďĂŶŶĞĚŝŶŵŽƐƚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ͘
ĐͿ ŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĚŝĚŵƵĐŚŵŽƌĞƚĞƐƟŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƐƚ͘
ĚͿ DĂŶLJĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŚĂǀĞďĂŶŶĞĚŵĞĚŝĐĂůƚĞƐƟŶŐŽŶŚƵŵĂŶƐ͘

Passage 10
Passage A: What is the Keto Diet?
;ϭͿĂƌLJĚƌĂƚĞƐĂƌĞƐƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞƐŝŶĨŽŽĚƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƐƵŐĂƌ͕ďƌĞŶĚ͕ĂŶĚƉŽƚĂƚŽĞƐ
ƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞLJŽƵƌďŽĚLJǁŝƚŚŚĞĂƚĂŶĚĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘DŽƐƚƟƐƐƵĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶďŽĚLJ
ƉƌĞĨĞƌƵƐŝŶŐŐůƵĐŽƐĞ;ĂƚLJƉĞŽĨƐƵŐĂƌͿĨƌŽŵĐĂƌLJĚƌĂƚĞƐĨŽƌĞŶĞƌŐLJ͘
;ϮͿ<ĞƚŽƐŝƐŝƐƚŚĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŝŶǁŚŝĐŚLJŽƵƌďŽĚLJƵƐĞƐĨĂƚ͕ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŽĨ
ĐĂƌLJĚƌĂƚĞƐ͕ƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞƚŚĞĞŶĞƌŐLJŝƚŶĞĞĚƐƚŽůŝǀĞĂŶĚǁŽƌŬƉƌŽƉĞƌůLJ͘dŚĞŬĞƚŽ
ĚŝĞƚĂŝŵƐƚŽĐĂƵƐĞŬĞƚŽƐŝƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐĂƌĞĨƵůĐŚĂŶŐĞƐƚŽƚŚĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨ
ĐĂƌLJĚƌĂƚĞƐ͕ƉƌŽƚĞŝŶ͕ĂŶĚĨĂƚLJŽƵĞĂƚŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽŚĞůƉLJŽƵƌďŽĚLJƵƐĞĨĂƚĨŽƌ
ĞŶĞƌŐLJƐŽLJŽƵůŽƐĞǁĞŝŐŚƚ͘dŚĞĨŽŽĚŝŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐ;ƌƵůĞƐͿĨŽƌƚŚĞŬĞƚŽ
ĚŝĞƚůŽŽŬƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐůŝŬĞƚŚŝƐ͗
ͻ&Ăƚ͗ϲϱͲϵϬй

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ͻEĂƚƵƌĂůƐǁĞĞƚĞŶĞƌƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƌĂǁŚŽŶĞLJĂŶĚĐŽĐŽŶƵƚƐƵŐĂƌ
;ϯͿWĞŽƉůĞǁŚŽĨŽůůŽǁĂƉĂůĞŽĚŝĞƚďĞůŝĞǀĞŝŶƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨĞĂƟŶŐǁŚŽůĞ
ĨŽŽĚƐĂŶĚŚĞĂůƚŚLJĨĂƚƐ͕ĂŶĚĂŌĞƌďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĚŝĞƚ͕ŵĂŶLJƉĞŽƉůĞůŽƐĞǁĞŝŐŚƚ͘
&ŽƌƚŚŝƐƌĞĂƐŽŶ͕ƉĂůĞŽŝƐŽŌĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽŽƚŚĞƌŚŝŐŚͲĨĂƚ͕ůŽǁͲ ƐƵŐĂƌĚŝĞƚƐƐƵĐŚ
ĂƐ<ĞƚŽĂŶĚƚŬŝŶƐ ƚŚĂƚƉĞŽƉůĞŵĂŝŶůLJĨŽůůŽǁƚŽůŽƐĞǁĞŝŐŚƚ͘'ĞƫŶŐƚŚŝŶŶĞƌ
ŵĂLJďĞĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĞīĞĐƚŽĨƚŚĞƉĂůĞŽĚŝĞƚ͕ďƵƚŝƚŝƐŶŽƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƐŽŶŵŽƐƚ
ƉĞŽƉůĞĐŚŽŽƐĞƚŽĨŽůůŽǁŝƚ͕ŽƌĂƚůĞĂƐƚŶŽƚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŽŶĞ͘dŚĞƉĂůĞŽ
ĚŝĞƚŝƐĂďŽƵƚŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶũƵƐƚƌƵůĞƐĨŽƌĞĂƟŶŐ͘&ŽƌŵŽƐƚƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ŝƚĐŽǀĞƌƐĂůůĂƌĞĂƐ
ŽĨƚŚĞŝƌůŝǀĞƐ͘dŚĞƉĂůĞŽĚŝĞƚƉůĂĐĞƐŐƌĞĂƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽŶŚŽǁƉĞŽƉůĞĐŚŽŽƐĞƚŽ
ůŝǀĞ͘/ƚŝƐĂďŽƵƚĞĂƟŶŐŶĂƚƵƌĂůĨŽŽĚƐĂŶĚĞdžĞƌĐŝƐŝŶŐŶŽƚũƵƐƚƚŽŵĞĞƚĂŐŽĂůůŝŬĞ
ůŽƐŝŶŐǁĞŝŐŚƚŽƌƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐďůŽŽĚƐƵŐĂƌ͕ďƵƚŵŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůLJƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚĂů
ĂŶĚƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůŚĞĂůƚŚ͘

53) What do passages A and B say about sugar?

ĂͿ ^ƵŐĂƌƐĨƌŽŵĨƌƵŝƚĂŶĚŵŝůŬĂƌĞĂůůŽǁĞĚ͘
ďͿ KŶůLJƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽĨŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐƵŐĂƌĂƌĞĂůůŽǁĞĚ͘
ĐͿ KŶůLJƌĂǁŚŽŶĞLJĂŶĚĐŽĐŽŶƵƚƐƵŐĂƌĂƌĞĂůůŽǁĞĚ͘
ĚͿ ^ƵŐĂƌƐĨƌŽŵĚĂƌŬĐŚŽĐŽůĂƚĞĂŶĚďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐĂƌĞĂůůŽǁĞĚ͘
54) According to passages A and B, what do both the keto and paleo diets
contain high amounts of?
ĂͿ ǀŝƚĂŵŝŶƐ͕ŵŝŶĞƌĂůƐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞŝŶ͘
ďͿ ŵĞĂƚĂŶĚƐŽLJĂƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ͘
ĐͿ ŚĞĂůƚŚLJĨĂƚĂŶĚŽŝůƐ͘
ĚͿ ŶĂƚƵƌĂůƐǁĞĞƚĞŶĞƌƐ͘
55) What do Passages A and B include as reasons people choose to follow the
paleo diet?
ĂͿ ƵƐŝŶŐƐƵŐĂƌƐĨŽƌĞŶĞƌŐLJĂŶĚĂǀŽŝĚŝŶŐĨĂƚƐ͘
ďͿ ĞĂƟŶŐŶĂƚƵƌĂůĨŽŽĚƐĂŶĚŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐŚĞĂůƚŚ͘
ĐͿ ĞĂƟŶŐůŝŬĞĞĂƌůLJŚƵŵĂŶƐĂŶĚůŝǀŝŶŐůŽŶŐĞƌůŝǀĞƐ͘
ĚͿ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĞĂƟŶŐůŽĐĂůĨŽŽĚƐ͘
56) According to Passages A and B, what is a secondary benefit of both the
keto and paleo diet?
ĂͿ ZĞĚƵĐŝŶŐďůŽŽĚƐƵŐĂƌ͘
ďͿ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůĞǀĞůƐŽĨŚĂƉƉŝŶĞƐƐ͘
ĐͿ ŚĂŶŐŝŶŐƚŚĞǁĂLJLJŽƵƌďŽĚLJƵƐĞƐĨĂƚ͘
ĚͿ WƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĨŽŽĚǁĂƐƚĞ͘

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Passage 11
Weaving
;ϭͿDŽƐƚĨĂďƌŝĐƐĂƌĞĐƌĞĂƚĞĚďLJǁĞĂǀŝŶŐůŽŶŐƚŚƌĞĂĚƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ĂƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞ
ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐĐŚĂŶŐĞĚǀĞƌLJůŝƩůĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚŚŝƐƚŽƌLJ͘,ĂŶĚǁĞĂǀŝŶŐŝƐĚŽŶĞŽŶĂ
ĨƌĂŵĞŽƌŚĂŶĚůŽŽŵ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐŵĞĐŚĂŶŝnjĞĚǁĞĂǀŝŶŐŝƐĚŽŶĞŽŶĂƉŽǁĞƌůŽŽŵ͘
dŚĞŵĂŝŶĚŝƐƟŶĐƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶŚĂŶĚǁĞĂǀŝŶŐĂŶĚŵĞĐŚĂŶŝnjĞĚǁĞĂǀŝŶŐŝƐƚŚĂƚ
ƚŚĞůĂƩĞƌŵĞƚŚŽĚĂůůŽǁƐŚƵŐĞƋƵĂŶƟƟĞƐŽĨŐŽŽĚƋƵĂůŝƚLJĨĂďƌŝĐƚŽďĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ
ǀĞƌLJƋƵŝĐŬůLJ͕ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĂůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƉĞĞĚLJƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌŝƚĞŵƐ͘tŚŝůĞ
ƚŚĞĞdžĂĐƚƐŚĂƉĞŽƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵŽĨĂŶLJůŽŽŵŵŝŐŚƚĚŝīĞƌ͕ƚŚĞďĂƐŝĐfunc on ŝƐ
ĂůǁĂLJƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ͘KŶĂůůůŽŽŵƐ͕ǁĞĂǀŝŶŐŝƐĚŽŶĞďLJŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĐƟŶŐůŽŶŐŝƚƵĚŝŶĂů
ƚŚƌĞĂĚƐ͕ĐĂůůĞĚƚŚĞǁĂƌƉ͘ǁŝƚŚƚƌĂŶƐǀĞƌƐĞƚŚƌĞĂĚƐ͕ĐĂůůĞĚƚŚĞǁĞŌ͘
;ϮͿKŌĞŶ͕ŚĂŶĚĐƌĂŌĞĚƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐůŝŬĞŚĂŶĚͲǁŽǀĞŶƌƵŐƐĂŶĚŚĂŶĚͲŬŶŝƩĞĚ
ƐǁĞĂƚĞƌƐĂƌĞŽĨďĞƩĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚŵƵĐŚŵŽƌĞĞdžƉĞŶƐŝǀĞƚŚĂŶŵĂĐŚŝŶĞͲŵĂĚĞ
ŽŶĞƐ͘ƐŝƚŵĂLJďĞŝŵƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĨŽƌŵĂŶLJŽĨƵƐƚŽŚĂǀĞĞǀĞƌLJƚĞdžƟůĞͲďĂƐĞĚ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚǁĞƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞďĞŚĂŶĚŵĂĚĞ͕ŽƌƚŽŵĂŬĞƚŚĞŵŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ŬŶŽǁŝŶŐŚŽǁ
ŵƵĐŚƟŵĞĂŶĚĞīŽƌƚƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŐŽŝŶƚŽĐƌĞĂƟŶŐƚĞdžƟůĞƐŵĂLJĂƚůĞĂƐƚŚĞůƉƵƐ
ďĞƩĞƌĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞĂůůƚŚĞĨĂďƌŝĐƐǁĞƵƐĞĞǀĞƌLJĚĂLJ͘

57) The word “func on” in paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to ……………
ĂͿ ƉĂƌƚ
ďͿ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ
ĐͿ ƌŽƵƟŶĞ
ĚͿ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶ
58) According to paragraph (2), how can people be er appreciate fabrics?
ĂͿ ďLJŬŶŽǁŝŶŐŚŽǁŵƵĐŚŝƚĐŽƐƚƐƚŽŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƚŚĞŵ͘
ďͿ ďLJŬŶŽǁŝŶŐǁŚĞƚŚĞƌƚŚĞLJĂƌĞŵĂĚĞďLJŚĂŶĚŽƌďLJŵĂĐŚŝŶĞ͘
ĐͿ ďLJŬŶŽǁŝŶŐŚŽǁŵƵĐŚĞīŽƌƚŝƐƉƵƚŝŶƚŽŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞŵ͘
ĚͿ ďLJŬŶŽǁŝŶŐŚŽǁƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚŝŶůĂƌŐĞƋƵĂŶƟƟĞƐ͘

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Passage 12
Literature and Art: Intermediate Spanish
Index
hŶŝƚϭ
KƌŝŐŝŶƐŽĨ,ŝƐƉĂŶŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͗ƵƌŽƉĞ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ϭ
hŶŝƚϮ
KƌŝŐŝŶƐŽĨ,ŝƐƉĂŶŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͗ŵĞƌŝĐĂ͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ϮϬ
hŶŝƚϯ
ZĞůŝŐŝŽŶŝŶƚŚĞ,ŝƐƉĂŶŝĐtŽƌůĚ͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ϯϱ
hŶŝƚϰ
ZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶĂƌLJDŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĞŶƚƵƌLJ͙͙͙͙ϲϬ

59) Which unit would most likely discuss prayer rituals in Hispanic culture?
ĂͿ hŶŝƚϭ
ďͿ hŶŝƚϮ
ĐͿ hŶŝƚϯ
ĚͿ hŶŝƚϰ
60) Which unit would most likely discuss violent changes in society in
Hispanic countries?
ĂͿ hŶŝƚϭ
ďͿ hŶŝƚϮ
ĐͿ hŶŝƚϯ
ĚͿ hŶŝƚϰ

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Model 44
Passage 1
DLJƵŶĐůĞŚŵĂĚŝƐĂƉŚLJƐŝĐŝĂŶ͘,ĞŚĞůƉƐƉĞŽƉůĞǁŚĞŶƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƐŝĐŬ͘tŚĞŶŚŝƐ
ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐŐŽƚŽƚŚĞŽĸĐĞ͕ŚĞŵĂLJĂƐŬƚŚĞŵƚŽďƌĞĂƚŚĞǁŚŝůĞŚĞůŝƐƚĞŶƐƚŽƚŚĞŝƌ
ĐŚĞƐƚ͘dŚĞŶŚĞůŝƐƚĞŶƐƚŽƚŚĞƐŽƵŶĚŽĨƚŚĞĂŝƌŝŶƚŚĞŝƌůƵŶŐƐ͘,ĞŵĂLJŚĂǀĞƚŽĂƐŬ
ƚŚĞŵŵĂŶLJƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚexamine ƚŚĞŵƚŽƐĞĞǁŚĂƚŝƐŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞŵƐŝĐŬ͘
,ĞŚĞůƉƐƉĞŽƉůĞŚĂǀĞďĞƩĞƌŚĞĂůƚŚ͘

21. This passage is about…………..

ĂͿƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ
ďͿŵĞĚŝĐĂůĚŽĐƚŽƌ
ĐͿƉĂƟĞŶƚ
ĚͿŶƵƌƐĞ
ϮϮ͘dŚĞǁŽƌĚexamine ŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƐƐĂŐĞŝƐĐůŽƐĞƐƚŝŶŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƚŽ͙͙͙͙͙͙
ĐůŽƐĞůLJ͘
ĂͿƚĂůŬŝŶŐ
ďͿůŽŽŬŝŶŐ
ĐͿůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ
ĚͿƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐ
Passage 2
“Adam is not as tall as Eric”

23. The passage says that………….

ĂͿ ƌŝĐŝƐƚĂůůĞƌ
ďͿ ƌŝĐŝƐƐŚŽƌƚĞƌ
ĐͿ ĚĂŵŝƐƚĂůůĞƌ
ĚͿ ĚĂŵĂŶĚƌŝĐĂƌĞƐŚŽƌƚ

Passage 3
dŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚŵŽŶƵŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚǁĞĐĂŶƐĞĞƚŽĚĂLJĂƚDĂĚĂΖŝŶ^ĂůĞŚĂƌĞ
ƌĞŵŶĂŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚĂŶĚǀĞƌLJƌŝĐŚEĂďĂƚĞĂŶ<ŝŶŐĚŽŵ͘KƚŚĞƌĨĂŵŽƵƐ
ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐŽĨƚŚŝƐĐŝǀŝůŝnjĂƟŽŶĂƌĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶ^LJƌŝĂĂŶĚŝŶWĞƚƌĂŝŶ:ŽƌĚĂŶ͕
ǁŚŝĐŚǁĂƐƚŚĞEĂďĂƚĞĂŶĐĂƉŝƚĂů͘

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24. What does the passage say about Petra?

ĂͿ/ƚŝƐŝŶŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶ^LJƌŝĂ͘
ďͿ/ƚŝƐƚŚĞĐĂƉŝƚĂůŽĨ:ŽƌĚĂŶ͘
ĐͿ/ƚǁĂƐƚŚĞEĂďĂƚĞĂŶĐĂƉŝƚĂů͘
ĚͿ/ƚǁĂƐĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůĐŝƚLJ͘

Passage 4
;ϭͿ dŚĞƉĞƌŝŽĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞůĂƚĞZĞŶĂŝƐƐĂŶĐĞƚŽƚŚĞĞĂƌůLJ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶǁĂƐ
ŽŶĞŽĨƐƵĐŚŵĂƐƐŝǀĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƵƉŚĞĂǀĂůƚŚĂƚŝƚƐĞīĞĐƚƐĐĂŶďĞĐůĞĂƌůLJ
ĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞĚŝŶƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůĨŽƌŵ͗ďĞĨŽƌĞϭϲϬϬ͕ϭϮĨĂŵŝŶĞƐƐǁĞƉƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ŶŐůĂŶĚĞǀĞƌLJϭϬϬLJĞĂƌƐ͖ŝŶƚŚĞŶĞdžƚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͕ƚŚĂŶŬƐƚŽĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů
ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞŽŶůLJĨŽƵƌ͘/ŶϭϳϱϬ͕ƚŚĞũŽƵƌŶĞLJŽŶŚŽƌƐĞďĂĐŬĨƌŽŵ
>ŽŶĚŽŶƚŽĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚƚŽŽŬϭϬƚŽϭϮĚĂLJƐ͖ďLJϭϴϱϬ͕ŝƚƚŽŽŬϭϳŚŽƵƌƐďLJƐƚĞĂŵ
ƚƌĂŝŶ͘
;ϮͿ dŚĞƐĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĐŚĂŶŐĞƐƚŽƚŚĞǁĂLJǁĞůŝǀĞĚǁĞƌĞƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨŝŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ
ŽŶĂŶƵŶƉƌĞĐĞĚĞŶƚĞĚƐĐĂůĞ͕ƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƌĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĂĐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞĚƚŚĞ
ZĞŶĂŝƐƐĂŶĐĞŚĂĚďŽƌŶĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĨƌƵŝƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶŽĨĂƐĞůĨͲ
ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞŽĨŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ͗ǁŚĂƚŚĂƐĐŽŵĞƚŽďĞĐĂůůĞĚΖƚŚĞ
ŝŶǀĞŶƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŝŶǀĞŶƟŽŶΖ͘
;ϯͿ tŝƚŚĂƉŽůŝƟĐĂů͕ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚǀĂůƵĞĚŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌƐ
ĂŶĚŝŶǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͕ƌŝƚĂŝŶůĞĚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝŶĂƉƉůLJŝŶŐƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĞŶƋƵŝƌLJƚŽ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƚƵƐĞĚƚŽĞdžƉĂŶĚŝƚƐǁŽƌůĚŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ͘dŚĞ
ŵĂŝŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐĂƌĞZŽďĞƌƚŽLJůĞΖƐĂŶĚKƩŽǀŽŶ'ƵĞƌŝĐŬĞΖƐĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐǁŝƚŚ
ŐĂƐĞƐĂŶĚǀĂĐƵƵŵƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚůĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŝŶǀĞŶƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐƚĞĂŵĞŶŐŝŶĞďLJ
dŚŽŵĂƐEĞǁĐŽŵĞŶŝŶϭϳϭϮ͘dŚŝƐŚĂƐĞīĞĐƚƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJĂŶĚ
ƐŽĐŝĞƚLJ͕ŶŽƚůĞĂƐƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞƐƚĞĂŵƉŽǁĞƌ͕ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚƚŽƉƵŵƉǁĂƚĞƌĨƌŽŵ
ŵŝŶĞƐ͕ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĂĚĞŵĂŶĚĨŽƌĨƵĞůƚŚĂƚŝŶƚƵƌŶƉƌŽŵƉƚĞĚƚŚĞĐŽĂůŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJƚŽ
ĞdžƉĂŶĚĂŶĚŝŶŶŽǀĂƚĞ͘ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽĨƚŚŝƐǁĂƐZŝĐŚĂƌĚdƌĞǀŝƚŚŝĐŬΖƐŝŶǀĞŶƟŽŶŽĨ
ƚŚĞƐƚĞĂŵƚƌĂŝŶƚŽŵŽǀĞĐŽĂůĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉŝƚ͘
;ϰͿ dŚĂƚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŝŶƌŝƚĂŝŶŝŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůLJϭϴƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJǁĞƌĞƌŝƉĞĨŽƌŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ
ǁĂƐƉĂƌƚůLJƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨƚŚĞŝŶǀĞŶƟŽŶŝŶϭϳϬϭŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĞĚĚƌŝůůďLJ:ĞƚŚƌŽdƵůů͕
ĂŶŶŐůŝƐŚĨĂƌŵĞƌ͘KŌĞŶƐĞĞŶĂƐƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞŐƌĂƌŝĂŶZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͕
ƚŚŝƐĞǀĞŶƚǁĂƐŝŶĨĂĐƚƚŚĞƚƌŝŐŐĞƌŽĨƚŚĞ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͘/ŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůLJ
ϭϴƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͕ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶĐƵůƟǀĂƟŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ͕ƚŚĞǁŝĚĞƌƵƐĞŽĨ
ŚŽƌƐĞƐĂƐĚƌĂƵŐŚƚĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝĐLJŽĨĞŶĐůŽƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĞĐŚĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨ
ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞďĞŐƵŶďLJdƵůů͕ŵĞĂŶƚƚŚĂƚĨŽƌƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƟŵĞƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJŽĨŵĞŶ
ǁĞƌĞůŝďĞƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĚĂŝůLJƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĨŽƌƐƵďƐŝƐƚĞŶĐĞ͘ƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚ͕ůĂƌŐĞ

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ƉŽƌƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƌƵƌĂůƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŵŽǀĞĚƚŽƚŽǁŶƐ;>ŽŶĚŽŶΖƐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŐƌĞǁ
ĨƌŽŵŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬŝŶϭϲϬϬƚŽŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŽŶĞŵŝůůŝŽŶŝŶϭϴϬϬͿ͘dŚŝƐ
ƐƟŵƵůĂƚĞĚĂŶĞǀĞŶůĂƌŐĞƌƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚĨŽƌŵŽƌĞĞĸĐŝĞŶƚĨŽŽĚƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƚŚĞƵŶƐŬŝůůĞĚůĂďŽƌŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽǁŽƌŬŝŶƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚ
ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ:ĂŵĞƐtĂƩΖƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶϭϳϴϭŽĨƌŽƚĂƌLJƐƚĞĂŵ
ƉŽǁĞƌƚŽĚƌŝǀĞƚŚĞǁŚĞĞůƐŽĨŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ͘
;ϱͿ ^ƚĞĂŵƉŽǁĞƌƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĞĚƚŚĞŵĞƚĂůŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ͕ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐƐƵƉƉůŝĞƐŽĨĐŽĂůƚŽ
ƐŵĞůƚŝƌŽŶĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƐƚĞĞů͕ĂŶĚĞŶĂďůŝŶŐŶĞǁƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐŽĨǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚ
ŵĞƚĂůƐ͘dŚĞŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶŝƌŽŶŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞĐĂŶďĞƐĞĞŶŝŶƚŚĞ
ƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĐĂƐƚͲŝƌŽŶďƌŝĚŐĞ͕ŬŶŽǁŶĂƐƚŚĞΖ^ƚŽŶĞŚĞŶŐĞŽĨƚŚĞ
/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶΖĂŶĚĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚŝŶϭϳϳϵ Ăƚ/ƌŽŶďƌŝĚŐĞŝŶ^ŚƌŽƉƐŚŝƌĞ͕ƚŽ
ƚŚĞĞůĞŐĂŶƚŐůĂƐƐͲĂŶĚͲŝƌŽŶƌLJƐƚĂůWĂůĂĐĞĞdžŚŝďŝƟŽŶŚĂůůĞƌĞĐƚĞĚŝŶ,LJĚĞWĂƌŬ
ŝŶϭϴϱϭ͘

;ϲͿ tŝƚŚƚŚĞŚĂƌŶĞƐƐŝŶŐŽĨƐƚĞĂŵ͕ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJƚƌƵůLJƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚƚŚĞďƌĂŬĞŽĨ
ŚŝƐƚŽƌLJ͕ůĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŽĂŶĞdžƚƌĂŽƌĚŝŶĂƌLJƋƵŝĐŬĞŶŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƌĂƚĞŽĨĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŶ
ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĂƚĨĂƌŽƵƚƉĂĐĞĚƚŚĞŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶǁĞĂƌĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJ
ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐŝŶŐŝŶĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ͘ĂƉŝƚĂů ĂŶĚďĂŶŬŝŶŐƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ
ǁĞƌĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚƚŽŝŶŝƟĂƚĞŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐŝŶŵĂƐƐͲƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐƚŚĂƚ
ƐĂǁŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶϭϬϬ͕ϬϬϬƉŽǁĞƌůŽŽŵƐǁŝƚŚϵ͕ϯϯϬ͕ϬϬϬƐƉŝŶĚůĞƐƉƵƚŝŶƚŽ
ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞŝŶŶŐůĂŶĚĂŶĚ^ĐŽƚůĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶϭϳϵϬĂŶĚϭϴϯϬ͘
;ϳͿ dŚĞƵŶƉůĞĂƐĂŶƚĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶǁĂƐĂĚĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨƚŚĞĐƌĂŌƐŬŝůůƐŽĨĂƌƟƐĂŶƐ͕ĂƐĐŽƩĂŐĞŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐŐĂǀĞǁĂLJƚŽŵĞĐŚĂŶŝnjĞĚ
ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞŵŝůůƐ͘dŚĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵŽĚĞƌŶĨĂĐƚŽƌLJ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƌĞůŝĞĚ
ŽŶƵŶƐŬŝůůĞĚůĂďŽƌĚŽŝŶŐƚĞĚŝŽƵƐƚĂƐŬƐ͕ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨƉĂLJŵĞŶƚ
ďLJǁĂŐĞƐƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĮŶŝƐŚĞĚŐŽŽĚƐ͕ĂĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĂƚ
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ͘
25. How many hours did it take to travel from London to Edinburgh by
steam train?
ĂͿϭϬ
ďͿϭϮ
ĐͿϭϳ
ĚͿϮϰ
26. Who invented the seed drill?
ĂͿZŽďĞƌƚŽLJůĞ
ďͿ:ĂŵĞƐtĂƩ
ĐͿ'ĞŽƌŐĞ^ŵŝƚŚ

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ĚͿ:ĞƚŚƌŽdƵůů
27. In which year was the bridge known as the "Stonehenge of the
Industrial Revolu on" completed?
ĂͿϭϲϴϲ
ďͿϭϳϳϵ
ĐͿϭϳϵϬ
ĚͿϭϴϱϭ

Passage 5
Sta s cs
ϭͿ ^ƚĂƟƐƟĐƐŝƐĂďƌĂŶĐŚŽĨŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐƐ͘/ƚŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐŐĂƚŚĞƌŝŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ
ƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjŝŶŐŝƚ͘dŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƐƵůƚĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐǁŽƌŬĂƌĞĂůƐŽĐĂůůĞĚ
ƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ͘dŚĞLJĐĂŶŚĞůƉƚŽƉƌĞĚŝĐƚƐƵĐŚƚŚŝŶŐƐĂƐƚŚĞǁĞĂƚŚĞƌĂŶĚŚŽǁ
ƐƉŽƌƚƐƚĞĂŵƐǁŝůůƉĞƌĨŽƌŵ͘dŚĞLJĂůƐŽĐĂŶĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƚŚŝŶŐƐĂďŽƵƚůĂƌŐĞ
ŐƌŽƵƉƐŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞͲĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂĚŝŶŐůĞǀĞůŽĨƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞŽƉŝŶŝŽŶƐŽĨ
ǀŽƚĞƌƐ͕ŽƌƚŚĞĂǀĞƌĂŐĞǁĞŝŐŚƚŽĨĂĐŝƚLJΖƐƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͘
ϮͿ dŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞǁŚŽŐĂƚŚĞƌƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐĂƌĞĐĂůůĞĚƐƚĂƟƐƟĐŝĂŶƐ͘dŚĞLJĐŽůůĞĐƚƉŝĞĐĞƐ
ŽĨŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ŽƌĚĂƚĂ͕ŝŶƚŚƌĞĞďĂƐŝĐǁĂLJƐ͘dŚĞLJƌĞĨĞƌƚŽƚƌƵƐƚǁŽƌƚŚLJ
ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐŶĞǁƐƉĂƉĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞƉŽƌƚƐĨƌŽŵƌĞůŝĂďůĞŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞLJ
ƉĞƌĨŽƌŵƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞLJĂůƐŽĐŽŶĚƵĐƚƐƵƌǀĞLJƐ͕ŽƌĂƐŬƉĞŽƉůĞ
ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘
ϯͿ ^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐƐƚĂƟƐƟĐŝĂŶƐĐĂŶŶŽƚŐĂƚŚĞƌĚĂƚĂĂďŽƵƚĞǀĞƌLJŵĞŵďĞƌŽĨĂŐƌŽƵƉ͕
ŽŌĞŶďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉŝƐƚŽŽůĂƌŐĞ͘/ŶƐƵĐŚĐĂƐĞƐƚŚĞLJƐƚƵĚLJŽŶůLJƉĂƌƚŽĨ
ƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉ͕ĐĂůůĞĚĂƐĂŵƉůĞ͘ƐĂŵƉůĞŵƵƐƚĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞůLJƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƌ
ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͘&ŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ŝĨǁŽŵĞŶŵĂŬĞƵƉϲϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͕
ƚŚĞŶϲϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞŵƵƐƚďĞǁŽŵĞŶ͘
ϰͿ KŶĐĞƐƚĂƟƐƟĐŝĂŶƐŚĂǀĞĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚƚŚĞŝƌŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞLJƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞŝƚ͘dŚĞLJ
ŽŌĞŶƉƵƚƚŚĞĚĂƚĂŝŶŐƌĂƉŚƐŽƌĐŚĂƌƚƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽƌĞĂĚƚŚĂŶůŽŶŐ
ůŝƐƚƐŽĨĚĂƚĂ͘^ƚĂƟƐƟĐŝĂŶƐĂůƐŽƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞĚĂƚĂďLJĐĂůĐƵůĂƟŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌƐĐĂůůĞĚ
ĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚŚƌĞĞŬŝŶĚƐŽĨĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ͗ŵĞĂŶ͕ŵŽĚĞ͕ĂŶĚŵĞĚŝĂŶ͘ dŚĞ
ŵĞĂŶŝƐƚŚĞƐƵŵŽĨĂƐĞƚŽĨŶƵŵďĞƌƐĚŝǀŝĚĞĚďLJƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶ
ƚŚĞƐĞƚ͘dŚĞŵŽĚĞŝƐƐŝŵƉůLJƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌƚŚĂƚŽĐĐƵƌƐŵŽƐƚŽŌĞŶŝŶĂƐĂŵƉůĞ͘
dŚĞŵĞĚŝĂŶŝƐƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌƌŝŐŚƚŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚĚůĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵƉůĞ͘

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28. What is one important idea related to collec ng data from a sample
from Paragraph (3)?
ĂͿ/ƚŝƐƚŽŽůŽŶŐ͘
ďͿ/ƚŶĞĞĚƐƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞǁŽŵĞŶ͘
ĐͿ/ƚƐƚƵĚŝĞƐĂƉĂƌƚŽĨĂŐƌŽƵƉ͘
ĚͿ/ƚŶĞĞĚƐƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƌƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͘
29. What are sta s cs an example of?
ĂͿƐƵƌǀĞLJ
ďͿŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
ĐͿŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐƐ
ĚͿĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐ
30. What is median an example of?
ĂͿƐĂŵƉůĞ
ďͿĞůĞŵĞŶƚ
ĐͿĂǀĞƌĂŐĞ
ĚͿƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ
31. What is the main topic of the passage?
ĂͿĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƐ
ďͿĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨƐĂŵƉůĞ
ĐͿĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨƐƚĂƟƐƟĐƐ
ĚͿĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨŵĂƚŚ

Passage 6
Computer Ethics
ϭͿ ŽŵƉƵƚĞƌĞƚŚŝĐƐŝƐĂƐĞƚŽĨƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐƐĞƚŽƵƚƚŽƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨ
ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ͘dŚƌĞĞĨĂĐƚŽƌƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ͗
ͻ/ŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂůWƌŽƉĞƌƚLJZŝŐŚƚƐͲ ƚŚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƐ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ĐŽƉLJŝŶŐŽĨƐŽŌǁĂƌĞ
ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚƚŚĞƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽǁŶĞƌ͘
ͻWƌŝǀĂĐLJ/ƐƐƵĞƐͲ ƚŚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƐ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ŚĂĐŬŝŶŐŽƌĂŶLJŝůůĞŐĂůĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽ
ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶΖƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĚĂƚĂ͘
ͻīĞĐƚŽĨĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐŽŶƐŽĐŝĞƚLJͲ ƚŚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƐĨĂĐƚŽƌƐƐƵĐŚĂƐũŽďůŽƐƐĞƐ͕ƐŽĐŝĂů
ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐĂŶĚƐŽŽŶ͘
ϮͿ hƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚŚĂƐůĞĚƚŽĂŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƉůĂŐŝĂƌŝƐŵͲ ƚŚŝƐŝƐǁŚĞŶĂ
ƉĞƌƐŽŶƚĂŬĞƐĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶΖƐŝĚĞĂͬǁŽƌŬĂŶĚĐůĂŝŵƐŝƚĂƐƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶ͘While ŝƚ
ŝƐƉĞƌĨĞĐƚůLJĮŶĞƚŽƋƵŽƚĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶΖƐŝĚĞĂ͕ŝƚŝƐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůƚŚĂƚƐŽŵĞ
ĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŵĞŶƚŝƐŵĂĚĞƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂƚŽƌŽĨƚŚĞŝĚĞĂŝƐŬŶŽǁŶƚŽ
ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘dŚŝƐĐĂŶďĞĚŽŶĞďLJĂƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨĂĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ

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ŽƌĨŽŽƚŶŽƚĞƐŽŶĞĂĐŚƉĂŐĞǁŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞŵĂĚĞ͘^ŽŌǁĂƌĞ
ĞdžŝƐƚƐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶƐĐĂŶƚĞdžƚĂŶĚthen ůŽŽŬĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨƉůĂŐŝĂƌŝƐŵďLJ
ƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŐǁĞďƉĂŐĞƐŽŶƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ͘
ϯͿ dŚĞD;ƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŽŵƉƵƚĞƌDĂĐŚŝŶĞƌLJͿĂŶĚ/;/ŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨ
ůĞĐƚƌŝĐĂůĂŶĚůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐƐŶŐŝŶĞĞƌƐͿŚĂǀĞƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĐŽĚĞŽĨ
ĞƚŚŝĐƐ͗

ϭ͘ƚŽĂĐĐĞƉƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŝŶŵĂŬŝŶŐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĂĨĞƚLJ͕
ŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚǁĞůĨĂƌĞŽĨƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐ͕ĂŶĚƚŽĚŝƐĐůŽƐĞƉƌŽŵƉƚůLJƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĂƚ
ŵŝŐŚƚĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐŽƌƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͖
Ϯ͘ƚŽďĞŚŽŶĞƐƚĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐŝŶƐƚĂƟŶŐĐůĂŝŵƐŽƌĞƐƟŵĂƚĞƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ
ĚĂƚĂ͖
ϯ͘ƚŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂŶĚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŽƵƌƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůĂďŝůŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƚĂƐŬƐĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƐŽŶůLJŝĨƋƵĂůŝĮĞĚďLJƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŽƌĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͖
ϰ͘ƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐĂŶĚĐŽͲǁŽƌŬĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ
ƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞŵŝŶĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚŝƐĐŽĚĞŽĨĞƚŚŝĐƐ͘
32. What does Paragraph (1) say about computer ethics?
ĂͿdŚĞLJŚĞůƉƉĞŽƉůĞŬĞĞƉƚŚĞŝƌũŽďƐ͘
ďͿdŚĞLJĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐŽŌǁĂƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘
ĐͿdŚĞLJĐŽŶƚƌŽůĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĂĚǀĞƌƟƐĞŵĞŶƚ͘
ĚͿdŚĞLJĚĞĐŝĚĞƌŝŐŚƚĨƌŽŵǁƌŽŶŐǁŚĞŶƵƐŝŶŐĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐ͘
33. How could writers avoid plagiarism?
ĂͿďLJĂƐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ
ďͿďLJƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐ
ĐͿďLJǁƌŝƟŶŐĂƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĂƚƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨĂĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ
ĚͿďLJĂƐŬŝŶŐĂƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƚŽĐŚĞĐŬƚŚĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ
34. tŚLJĚŽĞƐƚŚĞǁƌŝƚĞƌƵƐĞƚŚĞǁŽƌĚwhile ŝŶƉĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚ;ϮͿ͍
ĂͿƚŽŐŝǀĞĂŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨƋƵŽƟŶŐ
ďͿ
ĐͿ
ĚͿƚŽƐŚŽǁƚŚĂƚƋƵŽƟŶŐŝƐK<ŝĨŵĂĚĞĐůĞĂƌ͘
35. Which word can we use to replace the word then at the end of
Paragraph (2)?
ĂͿĞǀĞŶƚŚŽƵŐŚ
ďͿŝŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ
ĐͿŝŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚ
ĚͿĂŌĞƌƚŚĂƚ
36. How does the writer feel about intellectual property rights?
ĂͿ,ĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƚŚĂƚƉƌŝǀĂĐLJŝƐƐƵĞƐĂƌĞŵŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘
ďͿ,ĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƚŚĞƐĞƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĨƵůůLJĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĚ͘

Ͷͺ͸
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ĐͿ,ĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƉĞŽƉůĞKEΖdƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƚŚĞƐĞĞƚŚŝĐƐ͘
ĚͿ,ĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƵƐĞƌƐKEΖdůŝŬĞƚŚĞŵ͘

Passage 7
Motor Development
ϭͿ ƐĂŶŝŶĨĂŶƚ͛ƐŵƵƐĐůĞƐĂŶĚŶĞƌǀŽƵƐƐLJƐƚĞŵŵĂƚƵƌĞ͕ŵŽƌĞĐŽŵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĚƐŬŝůůƐ
ĞŵĞƌŐĞ͘tŝƚŚŵŝŶŽƌĞdžĐĞƉƟŽŶƐ͕ƚŚĞsequence ŽĨƉŚLJƐŝĐĂů;ŵŽƚŽƌͿ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝƐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů͘ĂďŝĞƐƌŽůůŽǀĞƌďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞLJƐŝƚƵŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞLJĐƌĞĞƉŽŶĂůůĨŽƵƌƐďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞLJǁĂůŬ͘dŚĞƐĞďĞŚĂǀŝŽƌƐƌĞŇĞĐƚŶŽƚ
ŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶďƵƚĂŵĂƚƵƌŝŶŐŶĞƌǀŽƵƐƐLJƐƚĞŵ͖ďůŝŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽŽ͕ĐƌĂǁůĂŶĚ
ǁĂůŬ͘
ϮͿ ƵƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƟŵŝŶŐŽĨƚŚŝƐƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞ͘/ŶƚŚĞ
hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ϮϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨĂůůďĂďŝĞƐǁĂůŬďLJĂŐĞϭϭŵŽŶƚŚƐ͕
ϱϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚǁŝƚŚŝŶĂǁĞĞŬĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŝƌĮƌƐƚďŝƌƚŚĚĂLJ͕ĂŶĚϵϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚďLJĂŐĞ
ϭϱŵŽŶƚŚƐ͘
ϯͿ dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂůƐŽĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŝŶƟŵŝŶŐ͘ůƚŚŽƵŐŚƐƵĐŚĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ
ĐŽƵůĚďĞŐĞŶĞƟĐ͕ĞdžƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚƐƌĞǀĞĂůƚŚĂƚĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚŽĞƐƉƌĞĚŝĐƚŵŽƚŽƌ
ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƌ͘ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌhŐĂŶĚĂŶďĂďŝĞƐ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ǁŚŽƵƐƵĂůůLJǁĂůŬďLJϭϬ
ŵŽŶƚŚƐ͘hŶůŝŬĞďĂďŝĞƐĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐǁŚŽƐƉĞŶĚŵƵĐŚŽĨƚŚĞĚĂLJ
ůLJŝŶŐŝŶĂĐƌŝď͕hŐĂŶĚĂŶďĂďŝĞƐĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŵŽƌĞŝŶƟŵĂƚĞĂŶĚƌŚLJƚŚŵŝĐ
ƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůĐŽŶƚĂĐƚǁŚŝůĞďĞŝŶŐĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽŶƚŚĞďĂĐŬ͘dǁŽͲǁĞĞŬͲŽůĚďĂďŝĞƐ
ǁĂǀĞƚŚĞŝƌĂƌŵƐŵŽƌĞŝĨƚŚĞLJĐĂŶƐĞĞƚŚĞŵ͕ƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJĂƌĞ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŽǀŝƐƵĂůůLJĐŽŶƚƌŽůƚŚĞŝƌŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ůƚŚŽƵŐŚϯͲŵŽŶƚŚͲŽůĚŝŶĨĂŶƚƐ
ƐƟůůĐĂŶŶŽƚĞĸĐŝĞŶƚůLJƌĞĂĐŚĂŶĚŐƌĂďƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ͕ƚŚĞŝƌƐĞĞŵŝŶŐůLJ
ƐƉŽŶƚĂŶĞŽƵƐŬŝĐŬŝŶŐŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐďĞĐŽŵĞŵŽƌĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵůĂŶĚ
ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞĚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞLJĂĐƟǀĂƚĞĂŵŽďŝůĞ͘
ϰͿ ƵƚŶĂƚƵƌĞ;ŐĞŶĞƐͿƉůĂLJƐĂmajor ƌŽůĞ͕ƚŽŽ͘/ĚĞŶƟĐĂůƚǁŝŶƐƚLJƉŝĐĂůůLJďĞŐŝŶ
ƐŝƫŶŐƵƉĂŶĚǁĂůŬŝŶŐŽŶŶĞĂƌůLJƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĚĂLJ͘ŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŵĂƚƵƌĂƟŽŶͲ
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƌĂƉŝĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐĞƌĞďĞůůƵŵĂƚƚŚĞďƌĂŝŶΖƐƌĞĂƌͲ
ĐƌĞĂƚĞƐĂƌĞĂĚŝŶĞƐƐƚŽůĞĂƌŶǁĂůŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŝŶϮŽƌϯŵŽŶƚŚŽĨĂŐĞϭ͘

37. Why can Ugandan babies usually walk by 10 months?

ĂͿ dŚĞLJŝŵŝƚĂƚĞƚŚĞŝƌŵŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘
ďͿ dŚĞLJǁĂǀĞƚŚĞŝƌĂƌŵƐŵŽƌĞ͘
ĐͿ dŚĞŝƌŵƵƐĐůĞƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĨĂƐƚĞƌ͘
ĚͿ dŚĞŝƌŵŽƚŚĞƌƐĐĂƌƌLJƚŚĞŵŵŽƌĞ͘
38. What is the effect of infants being able to see their arms?
ĂͿ dŚĞLJŵŽǀĞƚŚĞŵŵŽƌĞ͘
ďͿ dŚĞŝƌŬŝĐŬŝŶŐŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƐ͘

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ĐͿ dŚĞŝƌďƌĂŝŶƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĨĂƐƚĞƌ͘
ĚͿ dŚĞLJƌĞĂĐŚĂŶĚŐƌĂďƐŽŽŶĞƌ
39. The word sequence in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to......
ĂͿ /ŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ
ďͿ džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ
ĐͿ ^ƵĐĐĞƐƐ
ĚͿ KƌĚĞƌ
40. The word major in Paragraph (4) is closest in meaning to......
ĂͿ hƐƵĂů
ďͿ WŽƐƐŝďůĞ
ĐͿ /ŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ
ĚͿ ŝīĞƌĞŶƚ

Passage 8

41. How much did life expectancy increase in La n America between 1960
and 2010?
ĂͿ ĂůŵŽƐƚϮϱLJĞĂƌƐ
ďͿ ĂůŵŽƐƚϮϬLJĞĂƌƐ
ĐͿ ĂůŵŽƐƚϭϱLJĞĂƌƐ
ĚͿ ĂůŵŽƐƚϭϬLJĞĂƌƐ

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42. What was the average life expectancy at birth in Sub-Saharan Africa in
1970?
ĂͿ ĂďŽƵƚϰϱ
ďͿ ĂďŽƵƚϱϬ
ĐͿ ĂďŽƵƚϱϱ
ĚͿ ĂďŽƵƚϲϬ

Passage 9
Skyscraper
ϭͿ ƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌŝƐĂǀĞƌLJƚĂůů͕ŵƵůƟƐƚŽƌŝĞĚďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘dŚĞƚĞƌŵƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌǁĂƐ
ĮƌƐƚƵƐĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞϭϴϴϬƐ͕ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƚĂůůďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐǁĞƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ
ŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐǁĞƌĞĂďŽƵƚϭϬƚŽϮϬƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ
ŚŝŐŚ͘LJƚŚĞůĂƚĞϮϬƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͕ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƚĞƌŵƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌǁĂƐƵƐĞĚƚŽ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞŚŝŐŚͲƌŝƐĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐŽĨƵŶƵƐƵĂůŚĞŝŐŚƚ͕ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůLJŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƚŚĂŶϰϬŽƌ
ϱϬƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͘
ϮͿ dŚĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŝŶƵƌďĂŶĐŽŵŵĞƌĐĞŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚŚĂůĨŽĨ
ƚŚĞϭϵƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJĂƵŐŵĞŶƚĞĚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚĨŽƌĐŝƚLJďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐƐƉĂĐĞ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞ
ŝŶƐƚĂůůĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƐĂĨĞƉĂƐƐĞŶŐĞƌĞůĞǀĂƚŽƌ;ŝŶƚŚĞ,ĂƵŐŚǁŽƵƚ
ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ^ƚŽƌĞ͕EĞǁzŽƌŬŝƚLJͿŝŶϭϴϱϳŵĂĚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůƚŚĞĞƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ
ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶĨŽƵƌŽƌĮǀĞƐƚŽƌŝĞƐƚĂůů͘
ϯͿ ƐƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĚĞŶƐŝƚLJŽĨƵƌďĂŶĂƌĞĂƐŚĂƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ͕ƐŽŚĂƐƚŚĞŶĞĞĚ
ĨŽƌďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐƚŚĂƚƌŝƐĞƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƐƉƌĞĂĚ͘dŚĞƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁĂƐ
ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůLJĂĨŽƌŵŽĨĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ŚĂƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůLJďĞĞŶƵƐĞĚ
ĨŽƌƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐĂƐǁĞůů͘
ϰͿ dŚĞĞĂƌůŝĞƐƚƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐƌĞƐƚĞĚŽŶĞdžƚƌĞŵĞůLJƚŚŝĐŬŵĂƐŽŶƌLJǁĂůůƐĂƚƚŚĞ
ŐƌŽƵŶĚůĞǀĞů͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐƐŽŽŶďĞŐĂŶƚŽƵƐĞĂĐĂƐƚͲŝƌŽŶĂŶĚ
ǁƌŽƵŐŚƚͲŝƌŽŶĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞǁĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌŇŽŽƌƐ͘/ŶEĞǁ
zŽƌŬŝƚLJ͕EĞǁzŽƌŬ͕ŝŶϭϴϰϴ͕:ĂŵĞƐŽŐĂƌĚƵƐďƵŝůƚƚŚĞĂƐƚ/ƌŽŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐ
ǁŝƚŚĂƌŝŐŝĚĨƌĂŵĞŽĨŝƌŽŶƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŵĂŝŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞƵƉƉĞƌŇŽŽƌƐ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŽŽĨ͘
ϱͿ /ŶƚŚĞϭϴϲϬƐ͕ƐƚĞĞůďĞĐĂŵĞǁŝĚĞůLJĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘^ŝŶĐĞŝƚŝƐ
ƐƚƌŽŶŐĞƌĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚĞƌƚŚĂŶŝƌŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨĂƐƚĞĞůĨƌĂŵĞŵĂĚĞŝƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽ
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƚƌƵůLJƚĂůůďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͘'ĞŶĞƌĂůůLJĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚΖƐĮƌƐƚ
ƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌ͕ƚŚĞĮƌƐƚďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƚŽƵƐĞƐƚĞĞůͲŐŝƌĚĞƌĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶǁĂƐtŝůůŝĂŵ
>ĞĂƌŽŶ:ĞŶŶĞLJΖƐϭϬͲƐƚŽƌLJ,ŽŵĞ/ŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞŽŵƉĂŶLJƵŝůĚŝŶŐ;ϭϴϴϰͲϴϱͿŝŶ
ŚŝĐĂŐŽ͕/ůůŝŶŽŝƐ͘:ĞŶŶĞLJΖƐƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐĂůƐŽǁĞƌĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞĐƵƌƚĂŝŶ
ǁĂůů͕ĂŶŽƵƚĞƌĐŽǀĞƌŝŶŐŽĨŵĂƐŽŶƌLJŽƌŽƚŚĞƌŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƚŚĂƚŝƐĂĸdžĞĚƚŽĂŶĚ
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďLJƚŚĞƐƚĞĞůƐŬĞůĞƚŽŶ͘^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂůůLJ͕ƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐĐŽŶƐŝƐƚŽĨĂ
ƐƵďƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨƉŝĞƌƐďĞŶĞĂƚŚƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚ͕ĂƐƵƉĞƌƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨĐŽůƵŵŶƐĂŶĚ
ŐŝƌĚĞƌƐĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚ͕ĂŶĚĂĐƵƌƚĂŝŶǁĂůůŚƵŶŐŽŶƚŚĞŐŝƌĚĞƌƐ͘

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ϲͿ dŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐŚĂǀĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĚŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ͘:ĞŶŶĞLJ
ĂŶĚŚŝƐƉƌŽƚĠŐĠ>ŽƵŝƐ^ƵůůŝǀĂŶƐƚLJůĞĚƚŚĞŝƌďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐǁŝƚŚĚĞůŝŶĞĂƚĞĚ
ĐŽůƵŵŶƐƌŝƐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚƚŽƚŚĞƚŽƉ͘LJƚŚĞĞĂƌůLJϮϬƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͕
ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂůƐƚLJůĞƐŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚďƵŝůĚĞƌƐ͘dŚĞDĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ>ŝĨĞ
/ŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶEĞǁzŽƌŬŝƚLJ;ϭϵϬϵͿ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ǁĂƐŵŽĚĞůĞĚďLJ
EĂƉŽůĞŽŶ>ĞƌƵŶĂŌĞƌƚŚĞĂŵƉĂŶŝůĞŽĨ^ƚ͘DĂƌŬΖƐŝŶsĞŶŝĐĞ͕/ƚĂůLJ͘dŚĞ
tŽŽůǁŽƌƚŚƵŝůĚŝŶŐ;ϭϵϭϯͿ͕ďLJĂƐƐ'ŝůďĞƌƚ͕ŝƐĂƉƌŝŵĞĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨŶĞŽͲ
'ŽƚŚŝĐĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶ͘ǀĞŶƚŚĞƌƚĞĐŽĐĂƌǀŝŶŐƐŽŶƐƵĐŚƚŽǁĞƌƐĂƐƚŚĞ
ŚƌLJƐůĞƌƵŝůĚŝŶŐ;ϭϵϯϬͿ͕ƚŚĞŵƉŝƌĞ^ƚĂƚĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ;ϭϵϯϭͿ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞZ
ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ;ϭϵϯϭͿŝŶEĞǁzŽƌŬŝƚLJ͕ǁŚŝĐŚǁĞƌĞƚŚĞŶĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚĂƐŵŽĚĞƌŶ
ĂƐƚŚĞŶĞǁƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ĂƌĞŶŽǁǀŝĞǁĞĚĂƐŵŽƌĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŽůĚŽƌŶĂƚĞ
ĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĂŶƚŽƚƌƵůLJŵŽĚĞƌŶůŝŶĞƐ͘
ϳͿ ŌĞƌtŽƌůĚtĂƌ//͕ƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐǁĞƌĞŵŽƐƚůLJĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů
^ƚLJůĞ͕ǁŝƚŚƐŝŵƉůĞůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚůĂĐŬŽĨŽƌŶĂŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘EŽƚĂďůĞĞĂƌůLJĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐ
ŽĨƚŚŝƐƐƚLJůĞĂƌĞƚŚĞ^ĞĂŐƌĂŵƵŝůĚŝŶŐ;ϭϵϱϴͿŝŶEĞǁzŽƌŬŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŚĞ>ĂŬĞ
^ŚŽƌĞƌŝǀĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐ;ϭϵϱϭͿŝŶŚŝĐĂŐŽ͘ƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞϭϵϳϬƐ͕ƵƌďĂŶ
ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞďĞŐĂŶƚŽŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶĞůĞŵĞŶƚďLJĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŐƉůĂnjĂƐ
ĂŶĚƉĂƌŬƐŝŶƚŽĂŶĚĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞďĂƐĞƐŽĨƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐ͘KĸĐĞƚŽǁĞƌƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐ
ƚŚĞ^ĞĂƌƐdŽǁĞƌ;ϭϵϳϯ͖ŶŽǁĐĂůůĞĚtŝůůŝƐdŽǁĞƌͿŝŶŚŝĐĂŐŽ͕ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƚŽ
ďĞďƵŝůƚ͕ďƵƚŵŽƐƚŽĨƚŚĞŵĨĞĂƚƵƌĞĚƐƉĂĐĞĨŽƌƐŚŽƉƉŝŶŐĂŶĚĞŶƚĞƌƚĂŝŶŵĞŶƚ
ĂƚƚŚĞƐƚƌĞĞƚůĞǀĞů͘LJƚŚĞůĂƚĞϮϬƚŚĐĞŶƚƵƌLJ͘ĞŶĞƌŐLJĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶďĞŐĂŶƚŽ
ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘&ŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ƐĞĂůĞĚ
ǁŝŶĚŽǁƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐĨŽƌĐĞĚͲĂŝƌĐŽŽůŝŶŐŐĂǀĞǁĂLJŝŶŵŝĚͲƌŝƐĞ
ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐƚŽŽƉĞƌĂďůĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂŶĚŐůĂƐƐǁĂůůƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞƟŶƚĞĚƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚ
ƚŚĞƐƵŶΖƐƌĂLJƐ͘
ϴͿ /ŶϭϵϵϲƚŚĞWĞƚƌŽŶĂƐdǁŝŶdŽǁĞƌƐ͕ŝŶ<ƵĂůĂ>ƵŵƉƵƌ͕DĂůĂLJƐŝĂ͕ƐƵƌƉĂƐƐĞĚ
ƚŚĞ^ĞĂƌƐdŽǁĞƌƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐƚĂůůĞƐƚďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͘^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞŶ͕ŵĂŶLJ
ƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶďƵŝůƚŝŶƐŝĂ͘ƚϮ͕ϳϭϳĨĞĞƚ;ϴϮϴŵĞƚĞƌƐͿ͕ƚŚĞϭϲϮͲ
ƐƚŽƌLJƵƌũ<ŚĂůŝĨĂ͕ŝŶƵďĂŝ͕hŶŝƚĞĚƌĂďŵŝƌĂƚĞƐ͕ǁĂƐŚƵŶĚƌĞĚƐŽĨĨĞĞƚ
ƚĂůůĞƌƚŚĂŶĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞǁŚĞŶŝƚŽƉĞŶĞĚŝŶϮϬϭϬ͘dŚĞƟƚůĞŽĨƚĂůůĞƐƚ
ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐǁĂƐĐůĂŝŵĞĚďLJKŶĞtŽƌůĚdƌĂĚĞĞŶƚĞƌŝŶ
ϮϬϭϰ͘dŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͕ŝŶŝƟĂůůLJĐĂůůĞĚ&ƌĞĞĚŽŵdŽǁĞƌǁŚĞŶŝƚƐĚĞƐŝŐŶǁĂƐ
ĂŶŶŽƵŶĐĞĚ͕ŝƐϭ͕ϳϳϲĨĞĞƚ;ϱϰϭŵĞƚĞƌƐͿŝŶŚĞŝŐŚƚ͘/ƚŝƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶEĞǁzŽƌŬ
ŝƚLJ͕ŶĞĂƌƚŚĞƐŝƚĞŽĨƚŚĞtŽƌůĚdƌĂĚĞĞŶƚĞƌƚŽǁĞƌƐƚŚĂƚĨĞůůŝŶƚŚĞƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐƚ
ĂƩĂĐŬƐŽĨ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϭϭ͕ϮϬϬϭ͘Ƶƌũ<ŚĂůŝĨĂ͕KŶĞtŽƌůĚdƌĂĚĞĞŶƚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚ
ŵĂŶLJŽƚŚĞƌŶĞǁƐŬLJƐĐƌĂƉĞƌƐŚĂǀĞƐƉŝƌĞƐƚŚĂƚĞdžƚĞŶĚƚŚĞŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚŚĞŝŐŚƚ
ĨĂƌĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚŽĐĐƵƉŝĞĚŇŽŽƌ͘

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43. Which two materials were used to build tall buildings in the 19th
century?
ĂͿ ŝƌŽŶĂŶĚĐŽŶĐƌĞƚĞ
ďͿ ƐƚĞĞůĂŶĚďƌŝĐŬ
ĐͿ ŝƌŽŶĂŶĚƐƚĞĞů
ĚͿ ǁŽŽĚĂŶĚĐŽŶĐƌĞƚĞ
44. What were the first two examples of skyscrapers in the United States?
ĂͿ dŚĞŚƌLJƐůĞƌƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞZƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘
ďͿ dŚĞtŽŽůǁŽƌƚŚƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞŵƉŝƌĞ^ƚĂƚĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘
ĐͿ dŚĞ,ŽŵĞ/ŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞŽŵƉĂŶLJƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞŵƉŝƌĞ^ƚĂƚĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘
ĚͿ dŚĞ,ŽŵĞ/ŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞŽŵƉĂŶLJƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞDĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƚĂŶ>ŝĨĞ
/ŶƐƵƌĂŶĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘
45. Which two ci es had the first examples of skyscrapers?
ĂͿ sĞŶŝĐĞĂŶĚŚŝĐĂŐŽ͘
ďͿ <ƵĂůĂ>ƵŵƉƵƌĂŶĚƵďĂŝ͘
ĐͿ EĞǁzŽƌŬŝƚLJĂŶĚsĞŶŝĐĞ͘
ĚͿ EĞǁzŽƌŬŝƚLJĂŶĚŚŝĐĂŐŽ͘
Passage 10
Theory of mo va on
ϭͿ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ&ƌĞĚĞƌŝĐŬ,ĞƌnjďĞƌŐǁĂƐĂĐůŝŶŝĐĂůƉƐLJĐŚŽůŽŐŝƐƚĂŶĚůĂƚĞƌWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ
ŽĨDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂƚƚŚĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨhƚĂŚ͘,ĞƌnjďĞƌŐĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚĂ
ŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶƐƚƵĚLJŽŶϮϬϬĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĂŶƚƐĂŶĚĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌƐǁŚŽǁŽƌŬĞĚŝŶ
ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^͘dŚĞƐĞƐƵďũĞĐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚLJǁĞƌĞĂƐŬĞĚƚǁŽ
ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͗tŚĞŶĚŝĚLJŽƵĨĞĞůƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůLJŐŽŽĚĂďŽƵƚLJŽƵƌũŽď͍tŚĞŶĚŝĚ
LJŽƵĨĞĞůƌĞĂůůLJďĂĚĂďŽƵƚLJŽƵƌũŽď͍
ϮͿ dŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŚĂƚ,ĞƌnjďĞƌŐŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚǁĞƌĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐĂŶĚĨĂŝƌůLJ
consistent͘ZĞƉŽƌƚĞĚŐŽŽĚĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐǁĞƌĞƵƐƵĂůůLJĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚũŽď
ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐĂŶĚũŽďĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ͘KŶĞĞdžĂŵƉůĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞǁĂƐƚŚĞŚĞĂĚŽĨĂŶ
ĂĐĐŽƵŶƟŶŐĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ͖ŚĞǁĂƐŐŝǀĞŶƚŚĞũŽďŽĨŝŶƐƚĂůůŝŶŐŶĞǁĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌ
ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ͘,ĞƚŽŽŬƉƌŝĚĞŝŶŚŝƐǁŽƌŬĂŶĚǁĂƐƉůĞĂƐĞĚƚŽŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ
ŶĞǁĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚŵĂĚĞĂďŝŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶŚŽǁŚŝƐĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞĚ͘
ϯͿ ZĞƉŽƌƚĞĚďĂĚĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐ͕ŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͕ǁĞƌĞƵƐƵĂůůLJĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ
ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐŽƌperipheral ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞũŽďͲ ƚŚĞũŽďĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͘ŶĞdžĂŵƉůĞ
ŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐǁĂƐŐŝǀĞŶďLJĂŶĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌ͖ŚŝƐĮƌƐƚũŽďǁĂƐƌŽƵƟŶĞƌĞĐŽƌĚ
ŬĞĞƉŝŶŐĂŶĚŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐƚŚĞŽĸĐĞǁŚĞŶƚŚĞďŽƐƐǁĂƐŐŽŶĞ͘,ŝƐďŽƐƐǁĂƐ
ĂůǁĂLJƐƚŽŽďƵƐLJƚŽƚƌĂŝŶŚŝŵĂŶĚďĞĐĂŵĞĂŶŶŽLJĞĚŝĨŚĞƚƌŝĞĚƚŽĂƐŬ
ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌƐĂŝĚƚŚĂƚŚĞǁĂƐĨƌƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐũŽďĐŽŶƚĞdžƚĂŶĚ
ƚŚĂƚŚĞĨĞůƚƚŚĂƚŚĞǁĂƐũƵƐƚĂŶƵŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶƚŝŶĂĚĞĂĚͲĞŶĚũŽď͘

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ϰͿ ,ĞƌnjďĞƌŐĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞĚƚŚĂƚũŽďƐĂƟƐĮĞƌƐĂƌĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽũŽďĐŽŶƚĞŶƚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚ
ũŽďĚŝƐƐĂƟƐĮĞƌƐĂƌĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽũŽďĐŽŶƚĞdžƚ͘,ĞƌnjďĞƌŐŶĂŵĞĚƚŚĞƐĂƟƐĮĞƌƐ
ΖŵŽƟǀĂƚŽƌƐΖĂŶĚŚĞĐĂůůĞĚƚŚĞĚŝƐƐĂƟƐĮĞƌƐΖŚLJŐŝĞŶĞĨĂĐƚŽƌƐΖ͘

ϰϲ͘dŚĞǁŽƌĚconsistent ŝŶWĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚ;ϮͿŝƐĐůŽƐĞƐƚŝŶŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƚŽ͙͙͙͘
ĂͿ ƌŽƵƟŶĞ
ďͿ ƐƚĞĂĚLJ
ĐͿ ĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞ
ĚͿ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ
ϰϳ͘dŚĞǁŽƌĚperipheral ŝŶWĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚ;ϯͿŝƐĐůŽƐĞƐƚŝŶŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƚŽ͙͙͙͙͘
ĂͿ ƐĞĐŽŶĚĂƌLJ
ďͿ ĐƌƵĐŝĂů
ĐͿ ĂŶŶŽLJŝŶŐ
ĚͿ ƵŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ

WĂƐƐĂŐĞϭϭ
dŚĞ^ƉĂŶŝƐŚ&ůƵ
ϭͿ &ƌŽŵϭϵϭϴƚŽϭϵϮϬƚŚĞǀŝƌƵƐŬŶŽǁŶĂƐƚŚĞ^ƉĂŶŝƐŚ&ůƵŝŶĨĞĐƚĞĚϱϬϬŵŝůůŝŽŶ
ƉĞŽƉůĞǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͕ŬŝůůŝŶŐϱϬƚŽϭϬϬŵŝůůŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵ͘dŚĞŽŶůLJĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚŝƚ
ĚŝĚŶŽƚƌĞĂĐŚǁĂƐŶƚĂƌĐƟĐĂ͖ĚĞĂƚŚƐǁĞƌĞƌĞŐŝƐƚĞƌĞĚĨƌŽŵŶŽƌƚŚĞƌŶůĂƐŬĂ
ƚŽƚŚĞŝƐůĂŶĚƐŽĨ^ĂŵŽĂ͘dŚĞǀŝƌƵƐďĞŐĂŶŝŶĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞƉĞƌĨĞĐƚƚŽ
ŚĞůƉŝƚƐƉƌĞĂĚĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞŐůŽďĞ͕ƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĞďĂƩůĞĮĞůĚƐŽĨtŽƌůĚtĂƌ/ŝŶƚŽ
ŚƵŐĞĐĞŶƚĞƌƐŽĨŝŶĨĞĐƟŽŶ͘dŚŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŇƵŚĂĚůŽŶŐďĞĞŶĂĨĂŵŝůŝĂƌĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ͕
ƚŚĞƐƵďƚLJƉĞ;ƐƉĞĐŝĂůƚLJƉĞͿŽĨϭϵϭϴƚŽŽŬƐĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐďLJƐƵƌƉƌŝƐĞ͘dŚĞLJǁĞƌĞ
ƐŚŽĐŬĞĚ ĂƐŵƵĐŚďLJƚŚĞƐƉĞĞĚŽĨŝƚƐƐƉƌĞĂĚĂƐďLJƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞŝƚ
ŬŝůůĞĚ͘dŚŽƵŐŚƐŽŵĞĞdžƉĞƌƚƐďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĞǀŝƌƵƐΖƐŽƌŝŐŝŶƐǁĞƌĞŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ͕ƚŚĞ
ƚŚĞŽƌLJŵŽƐƚĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚƚŽĚĂLJƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐƚŚĂƚŝƚďĞŐĂŶŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ĂŶĚ
ůĂƚĞƌƚƌĂǀĞůůĞĚŽŶĂŶĂƌŵLJƐŚŝƉƚŽƚŚĞ ďĂƩůĞĮĞůĚƐŽĨ&ƌĂŶĐĞ͘&ƌŽŵƚŚĞƌĞ͕ĂŶ
ĂƌŵLJŽĨĚŝƐĞĂƐĞŐĞƌŵƐ͕ůŝŬĞĞŶĞŵLJƐŽůĚŝĞƌƐŝŶĂƐĞĐƌĞƚǁĂƌ͚ƐŚŐĂŶ͕͛ƐƉƌĞĂĚ
ŽƵƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĂŝƌĂŶĚŝŶĨĞĐƚĞĚĂƚŚŝƌĚŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚΖƐƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ͕ŬŝůůŝŶŐ
ďĞƚǁĞĞŶϮ͘ϱйĂŶĚϱйŽĨĞǀĞƌLJŽŶĞŽŶĞĂƌƚŚ͘/ŶƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐƚŚĞ
tŽƌůĚ,ĞĂůƚŚKƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁŝůůďĞŵŽƌĞĂŶĚƉĞƌŚĂƉƐŵŽƌĞĚĞĂĚůLJŇƵ
ƉĂŶĚĞŵŝĐƐ;ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐͿ͕ƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶŝŶŐŐůŽďĂůŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJĂŶĚ
ƉƵƫŶŐƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐŽĐŝĞƚLJĂƚƌŝƐŬ͘dŚĞǀŝƌƵƐǁŽŶΖƚŶĞĞĚĂŐƌĞĂƚǁĂƌ
ƚŽŚĞůƉŝƚĐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͖ŝƚǁŝůůďĞĞŶŽƵŐŚĨŽƌŽŶĞĐĂƌƌŝĞƌƚŽŐĞƚŽŶĂŶ
ĂŝƌƉůĂŶĞĂŶĚ͕ŝŶůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶϮϬŚŽƵƌƐ͕ĐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶdŽŬLJŽĂŶĚ
EĞǁzŽƌŬ͕ŽƌďĞƚǁĞĞŶ^LJĚŶĞLJĂŶĚŽŚĂ͘

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ŚĞĂƚ͘dŚĞƐĞŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚŶĞǁƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐŐƌĂĚƵĂůůLJƐƉƌĞĂĚĂĐƌŽƐƐ
ƵƌŽƉĞ͕ĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůůLJĚŝīƵƐŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂŶĚ:ĂƉĂŶ͘
ϮͿ ƵƌŝŶŐƚŚŝƐƟŵĞ͕ƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŝŶĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͘dŚĞŐƌĂƌŝĂŶZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶďĞŐĂŶŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚͲϭϳϱϬƐĂŶĚǁĂƐďĂƐĞĚ
ƵƉŽŶĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚŝƐǁĂƐƚŚĞŐĞŽĨ
ŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƌĞĂƐŽŶŝŶŐĐŚĂŵƉŝŽŶĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚŝƐĞƌĂǁĂƐ
ĂƉƉůŝĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŐƌŽǁŝŶŐŽĨĐƌŽƉƐ͘&ĂƌŵĞƌƐďĞŐĂŶƵƐŝŶŐŵĞĐŚĂŶŝnjĞĚ
ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ͕ƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƌĞůLJŝŶŐƐŽůĞůLJŽŶŚƵŵĂŶŽƌĂŶŝŵĂůůĂďŽƌ͘
ϯͿ dŚĞŐƌĂƌŝĂŶZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶĐŽƵƉůĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚůLJ
ĐŚĂŶŐĞĚƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚLJ͘ƌŝƟĐĂůůLJ͕ƚŚĞŐƌĂƌŝĂŶZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶĨƌĞĞĚ
ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐĨƌŽŵŚĂǀŝŶŐƚŽĨĂƌŵ͕ƐŝŶĐĞĨĞǁĞƌĨĂƌŵĞƌƐǁĞƌĞŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ
ƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨĐƌŽƉƐ͕ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽĮŶĚǁŽƌŬŝŶƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͘
dŚĞƐĞĨĂĐƚŽƌŝĞƐǁĞƌĞƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶĐŝƟĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚƵƐŝƚǁĂƐƚŚĞ
ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƚǁŽƌĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĚƌĂŵĂƟĐĂůůLJŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ
ƵƌďĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ͘
ϰͿ dŚĞƐŚŝŌŝŶůĂďŽƌƚŚĂƚŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͕ĂƐƉĞŽƉůĞ
ůĞŌƌƵƌĂůĨĂƌŵƐƚŽĮŶĚǁŽƌŬŝŶĨĂĐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͕ůĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨůĂďŽƌ
ƚŚĂƚŝƐĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƵƌŽƉĞƚŽĚĂLJ͘ƌĞĂƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƵƌŽƉĞƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝnjĞŝŶƚŚĞ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌŐŽŽĚƐ͘EŽƌƚŚĞƌŶ/ƚĂůLJĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ŚĂƐŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚĂ
ƐƉĞĐŝĂůƚLJŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨƚĞdžƟůĞƐ͘

Passage B: The Industrial Revolu on in the USA

ϭͿ ƐƚŚĞ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶďĞŐĂŶŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ<ŝŶŐĚŽŵŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚͲϭϳϬϬƐ
ĂŶĚƐƉƌĞĂĚĂĐƌŽƐƐƵƌŽƉĞ͕ƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐǁĂƐƐƟůůƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůLJďĂƐĞĚŽŶ
ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚŶĂƚƵƌĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͘^ŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞĞĂƌůLJŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶƐ
ŝŶŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJǁĞƌĞƚŚƵƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞƌĂǁƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞĐŽƩŽŶŵŝůů
ĂŶĚƚĞdžƟůĞĨĂĐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͘tĂƚĞƌƉŽǁĞƌǁĂƐƚŚĞŬĞLJƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨĞŶĞƌŐLJĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞ
ĞĂƌůLJŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐƉůĂŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŚƵƐƚŚĞLJǁĞƌĞůŽĐĂƚĞĚĂůŵŽƐƚĞdžĐůƵƐŝǀĞůLJŝŶ
ƚŚĞŶŽƌƚŚͲĞĂƐƚĞƌŶhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘ƚŚĞŽŶůLJĂƌĞĂǁŝƚŚĨĂƐƚͲŵŽǀŝŶŐƌŝǀĞƌƐ͘ŌĞƌ
ƚŚĞŝǀŝůtĂƌŝŶƚŚĞϭϴϲϬƐ͕ƐƚĞĂŵƉŽǁĞƌŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐƐƉƌĞĂĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞ
hŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶƐƚĂƚĞƐƚŽŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŝnjĞ͘
ϮͿ dŚĞŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚLJŽĨEŽƌƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂƐŚĂƉĞĚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚ
ƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶƐ͘/ŶƚŚĞWŝƩƐďƵƌŐŚͲ>ĂŬĞƌŝĞƌĞŐŝŽŶ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕
ĂďƵŶĚĂŶƚĚĞƉŽƐŝƚƐŽĨŝƌŽŶĨƵĞůĞĚƐƚĞĞůŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐ͕ŝŶƐƉŝƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŶĂŵĞŽĨ
WŝƩƐďƵƌŐŚΖƐƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůĨŽŽƚďĂůůƚĞĂŵ͘ /ŶƚŚĞƐŽƵƚŚ͕ƚĞdžƟůĞŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĂŶĚƌĞŵĂŝŶƐĂƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƐƉĞĐŝĂůƚLJŝŶŵĂŶLJĂƌĞĂƐƐƟůůƚŽĚĂLJ͘ŽĂů
ĨƌŽŵƉƉĂůĂĐŚŝĂĨƵĞůĞĚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞDŝĚͲ ƚůĂŶƟĐ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘
ϯͿ dŚĞ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶƐŚĂƉĞĚƚŚĞƉĂƩĞƌŶŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐĞƩůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶEŽƌƚŚ
ŵĞƌŝĐĂ͘ƐŝŶƵƌŽƉĞ͕ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚŝŶƵƌďĂŶĂƌĞĂƐ
ƐƉƵƌƌŝŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽŵŽǀĞĨƌŽŵƌƵƌĂůĨĂƌŵŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽƚŚĞĐŝƟĞƐƚŽĮŶĚ

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ǁŽƌŬ͘/ŶϭϳϵϬ͕ĂƌŽƵŶĚϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞh^ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶůŝǀĞĚŝŶƵƌďĂŶĂƌĞĂƐ͘ƚ
ƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞŝǀŝůtĂƌ͕ĂƐŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶďĞŐĂŶƚŽĚŝīƵƐĞĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞ
ĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚ͕ĂƌŽƵŶĚϮϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚůŝǀĞĚŝŶĐŝƟĞƐ͘LJϭϵϮϬ͕ŵŽƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞĚŝŶ
ĐŝƟĞƐƚŚĂŶŝŶƌƵƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐ͘ dŽĚĂLJ͕ŽǀĞƌϴϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶƚŚĞh^ůŝǀĞŝŶ
ĐŝƟĞƐ͘

53. According to Passages A and B, which inven on led to industrializa on?

ĂͿ ^ƚĞĞů
ďͿ ƐƚĞĂŵĞŶŐŝŶĞ
ĐͿ ǁĂƚĞƌƉŽǁĞƌ
ĚͿ ĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ
54. What can we understand from Passages A and B about the Industrial
Revolu on?
ĂͿ /ƚůĞĚƚŽŵŽƌĞƚĞdžƟůĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͘
ďͿ /ƚǁĂƐŽŶůLJƉŽƐƐŝďůĞŝŶĂƌĞĂƐǁŝƚŚƌŝǀĞƌƐ͘
ĐͿ /ƚďĞŐĂŶŝŶƵƌŽƉĞƚŚĞŶƐƉƌĞĂĚƚŽƚŚĞh^͘
ĚͿ /ƚǁĂƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŐƌĂƌŝĂŶZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͘
55. According to Passages A and B, which change followed the Industrial
Revolu on?
ĂͿ WĞŽƉůĞŵŽǀĞĚƚŽĐŝƟĞƐ͘
ďͿ ŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞƵƐĞĚŵŽƌĞŵĂĐŚŝŶĞƐ͘
ĐͿ dŚĞŝǀŝůtĂƌĞŶĚĞĚŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůLJ͘
ĚͿ DŽƌĞĐŽƩŽŶŵŝůůƐǁĞƌĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ͘
56. According to Passages A and B, which industry flourished a er the
Industrial Revolu on?
ĂͿ dĞdžƟůĞƐ
ďͿ &ŽŽƚďĂůů
ĐͿ ŽĂů
ĚͿ ^ƚĞĞů

Passage 13
ϭͿ >ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŝƐĂǁĂLJƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞ͘tĞďĞŐŝŶƚŽůĞĂƌŶůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞĂƐŝŶĨĂŶƚƐ
ĂŶĚďĞĐŽŵĞĂĐĐƵƐƚŽŵĞĚƚŽŽƵƌŶĂƟǀĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ
ďĞĐŽŵĞƐĂƉƌŽďůĞŵĨŽƌŝŵŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůLJďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĂŶĚƐĞĐŽŶĚ
ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘dŚŝƐůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞďĂƌƌŝĞƌĂůƐŽƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ
ůŽƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌŝĚĞŶƟƚLJ͘
ϮͿ &ŝƌƐƚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŝŵŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂsuffer ŝŶůŽƚƐŽĨĂƌĞĂƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨ
ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞĚŝĸĐƵůƟĞƐ͘EĂƚƵƌĂůůLJ͕ƚŚĞLJǁĂŶƚƚŚĞŝƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽƐƉĞĂŬŶŐůŝƐŚ
ďŽƚŚĂƚŚŽŵĞĂŶĚĂƚƐĐŚŽŽůŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽďĞŵŽƌĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů͘dŚŝƐƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶ

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ƚŚĞŝƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶůŽƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌĞƚŚŶŝĐŝĚĞŶƟƚLJĂŶĚĞǀĞŶŵŽƌĞ͘/ŐŶŽƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌ
ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽǁĂůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞŵ͘
ϯͿ &ŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ŵLJƚŚƌĞĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚƚŚĞLJǁĞƌĞĂůůďŽƌŶŝŶƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘dŚĞ
ĞŝŐŚƚĞĞŶͲLJĞĂƌƐͲ ŽůĚĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌƐƉĞĂŬƐďŽƚŚŶŐůŝƐŚĂŶĚ<ŽƌĞĂŶǀĞƌLJǁĞůů͘^ŚĞ
ŚĂƐŶŽƉƌŽďůĞŵƐƚĂůŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŚĞƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ďƵƚƐŚĞĚŽĞƐŚĂǀĞƚƌŽƵďůĞ
ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ<ŽƌĞĂŶũŽŬĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŵŝƐƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƐ͘
dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌŝƐĨŽƵƌƚĞĞŶLJĞĂƌƐŽůĚĂŶĚƐŚĞƌĞƐŝƐƚƐƐƉĞĂŬŝŶŐ<ŽƌĞĂŶ͘
DLJĂƵŶƚŽŌĞŶŐĞƚƐƵƉƐĞƚǁŝƚŚŚĞƌďĞĐĂƵƐĞƐŚĞŝƐŵƵĐŚŵĞƌŝĐĂŶŝnjĞĚĂŶĚ
they ĐĂŶŶŽƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌǀĞŶǁŚĞŶŵLJĂŶƚƉƵŶŝƐŚĞƐŚĞƌ͕ƚŚŝƐ
ĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚǁŚĂƚŵLJĂƵŶƚŝƐƚĂůŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚ͘/ĨĞůƚ
ƐLJŵƉĂƚŚLJĨŽƌŵLJĂƵŶƚǁŚĞŶĞǀĞƌŵLJĨŽƵƌƚĞĞŶͲLJĞĂƌͲŽůĚĐŽƵƐŝŶƐĂŝĚ͕ΗDŽŵ͕
ǁŚĂƚŝƐLJŽƵƌƉƌŽďůĞŵ͍
ϰͿ dŚĞƚŚŝƌĚĐŚŝůĚŝƐĂƚǁĞůǀĞͲLJĞĂƌͲŽůĚƐŽŶ͘,ĞƐƉĞĂŬƐŶŐůŝƐŚƚŽŚŝƐƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚ
ŵLJĂƵŶƚƐƉĞĂŬƐ<ŽƌĞĂŶƚŽŚŝŵŚĞĚŽĞƐƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚĐĂŶƚĞƌ͘,ĞĂůƐŽŚĂƐĂ
ƉƌŽďůĞŵĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐǁŝƚŚŚŝƐƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͘DLJĂƵŶƚŝƐƚƌLJŝŶŐƚŽĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ
ŚŝŵƚŽůĞĂƌŶďŽƚŚůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐ͕ďƵƚŝƚŝƐǀĞƌLJŚĂƌĚĨŽƌŚŝŵďĞĐĂƵƐĞŚĞƐƉĞĂŬƐ
ŶŐůŝƐŚĂůůĚĂLJĂŶĚĨĂŝůƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚǁŚLJŚĞƐŚŽƵůĚůĞĂƌŶ<ŽƌĞĂŶ͘
ϱͿ /ŵŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐƚƌLJƚŽƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƚŚĞŝƌŶĂƟǀĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŝŶƚŚĞŝƌŶĞǁĐŽƵŶƚƌLJǁŚŝůĞ
ƐƚƌŝŶŐƚŽůĞĂƌŶĂŶĞǁůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘DLJĂƵŶƚǁĂƐŚĞƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽƐƵĐĐĞĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ
h^͕ďƵƚƐŚĞĂůƐŽǁĂŶƚƐƚŽŚĞůƉƚŚĞŵƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞ<ŽƌĞĂŶůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŝŶ
ŽƌĚĞƌƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞ<ŽƌĞĂŶŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ͘dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶŽŌĞŶŐĞƚƐ
ĐŽŶĨƵƐĞĚĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŝƌ/ĚĞŶƟƚLJ͘DLJĂƵŶƚΖƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĨŽƌĞdžĂŵƉůĞ͕ƐĞĞ
ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐĂƐďĞŝŶŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌƐŝŶďŽƚŚƉůĂĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞh^ƚŚĞLJůŽŽŬ
<ŽƌĞĂŶĂŶĚŝŶ<ŽƌĞĂƚŚĞLJĂĐƚůŝŬĞŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƐ͘DLJĐŽƵƐŝŶƐƚŽůĚŵĞƚŚĂƚǁŚĞŶ
ƚŚĞLJǀŝƐŝƚĞĚ<ŽƌĞĂĂĨĞǁLJĞĂƌƐĂŐŽ͕ƚŚĞLJĨĞůƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞLJǁŽƌĞ
ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĐůŽƚŚĞƐĂŶĚǁĂůŬĞĚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůLJ͘
ϲͿ >ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂŶĚǀĂůƵĂďůĞĨŽƌĂŶLJƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ͘/ŵŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐŵƵƐƚ
ŝŵĂŐŝŶĞĂƐƚƌŽŶŐŵƵƚƵĂůƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůLJĂŶĚĞŶĂďůĞƚŚĞŝƌ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞƚŚĞŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞ͘ĞŝŶŐĂƚĞĂƐĞŝŶƵƐŝŶŐďŽƚŚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĂŶĚ
ƐĞĐŽŶĚůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŶŽƚŽŶůLJ ĨŽƌĂƩĂŝŶŝŶŐĨĂŵŝůŝĂůŚĂƌŵŽŶLJ͕ďƵƚ
ĂůƐŽŝŶŚĞůƉŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟƚLJ͘

ϱϴ͘dŚĞǁŽƌĚsuffer ŝŶWĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚ;ϮͿŝƐĐůŽƐĞƐƚŝŶŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƚŽŚĂǀŝŶŐ
͙͙͙͙͙͙͘
ĂͿĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚƐ
ďͿƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ
ĐͿŝŶũƵƌŝĞƐ
ĚͿ^ŬŝůůƐ

Ͷͻ͸
 handsomehayat@gmail.com

59. According to Paragraph (3), which of the following is NOT TRUE about
the
18-year-old daughter?
ĂͿ^ŚĞǁĂƐďŽƌŶŝŶƚŚĞh͘^͘
ďͿ^ŚĞƐƉĞĂŬƐŽŶůLJŶŐůŝƐŚǀĞƌLJǁĞůů
ĐͿ^ŚĞƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŵŝƐƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƐƚŚŝŶŐƐŝŶ<ŽƌĞĂŶ
ĚͿ^ŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƐďĞƩĞƌǁŝƚŚŚĞƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐƚŚĂŶŚĞƌďƌŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚƐŝƐƚĞƌĚŽ͘
ϲϬ͘dŚĞƉƌŽŶŽƵŶthey ŝŶWĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚ;ϯͿƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽƚŚĞŵŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚŚĞƌ͙͙͙͙͘͘
ĂͿƐĞĐŽŶĚĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌ
ďͿĞůĚĞƐƚĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌ
ĐͿĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ĚͿƐŽŶ

Ͷͻ͹