Casey Malarcher  Andrea Janzen

Reading Challenge 1 Second Edition

Casey Malarcher · Andrea Janzen

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The authors of this book would like to acknowledge the

following writers for contributing materials to this series:
Michael Pederson,
Paul Edmunds, Barbara Graeber, Jennifer Janzen, Susan MacRae, Kristen
Sinats, Michael Souza, Anne Taylor, Adam Worcester

ISBN: 978-1-59966-529-0

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
14 13 12 11 10

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 C o n t e n t s
Arts and Leisure
1. The Ice Hotel / 5
11. Mona Who? /
65

Culture and History

2. Food Firsts / 11
12. Borrowed Words / 71

Environment
3. Hurricane Who? / 17
13. Growing Deserts / 77

Health
4. How Did Those Get in There? / 23
14. The Importance of Water / 83

Science Facts

5. A Bug’s Sleep / 29 15. Animal Forecasters / 89

People Profiles
6. Tiger’s Tale / 35
16. A Fantastic Mind / 95

Social Science
7. Not the Normal News / 41
17. Seeing Red / 101

Sports and Hobbies

8. The Wright Way to Fly / 47 18. Worth Collecting / 107

Technology
9. Don’t Trust Me! / 53
19. Can’t Beat Them? Join Them! / 113

Weird and Bizarre

10. Bugs for Sale / 59
20. Rich Dogs / 119

Transcripts / 125
 T e Ice Hotel

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What season is it in the photo? How do you know?
2. Where do you think this hotel is?
3. What do you think is special about this hotel?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

great unbelievable
different one of a kind
like ice but; in fact

1. It is freezing cold outside in winter.

2. The Ice Hotel is very cold. Surprisingly, people like to stay there.

3. These dishes are very unusual. This is the first time I’ve seen dishes made of ice.

4. There’s no other hotel like this in the world. It’s unique.

5. I can’t believe how large this hotel is. It is amazing!

6. This ice art is beautiful. It’s fantastic!

5
 The Ice Hotel

A
re you into skiing? Is winter your favorite time of year? If you like snow
and ice, maybe you should stay at the Ice Hotel in Quebec, Canada. But, you
can only check in to this hotel during the winter. Why? Because this hotel is
made
entirely of ice and snow!
5
This amazing hotel is built every December. It has 32 rooms, and 80 people
can stay there each night. The hotel has a movie theater, an art gallery, and a
church. Of course, all of these parts of the hotel are made of ice. In fact, all the
furniture, art, lights, and even plates and drinking glasses are made of ice.
Because this hotel is so unusual, it has become very popular. People from all
10
over the world come to the Ice Hotel to look at the fantastic ice art, drink and eat
from designer ice dishes, and experience the unique atmosphere. Some couples
have even gotten married in the hotel’s ice church.
However, all the guests keep their winter coats on!
Because of all the ice, the temperature inside the
15
hotel is always between -2 and -5 oC.
Surprisingly, sleeping is not a problem in
the freezing cold hotel rooms. Every
guest gets a special cold-weather
sleeping bag and some
20
fur blankets.
These keep
them cozy and
warm until
morning.

Reading Time minutes seconds 223 words

11
atmosphere: feeling
3
during: at the time
of
5
build: to make

6
14
temperature: how
hot or cold something
is
20
fur: animal hair
22
cozy: comfortable
and warm

7
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. How the Ice Hotel is built b. What makes the Ice Hotel special
c. Why the Ice Hotel is made of ice d. The services of the Ice Hotel

2. What can you do in the hotel?

a. Watch a movie b. Get married
c. Eat an interesting meal d. All of the above

3. Why is sleeping NOT a problem at the hotel?

a. The rooms are warm. b. The temperature is -2 oC.
c. The sleeping bags are warm. d. The furniture is warm.

4. In which part of the hotel would you probably find the ice plates?
a. The church b. The restaurant
c. The rooms d. The art gallery

5. What do you think happens to this hotel in the spring?

a. It freezes. b. It melts.
c. It stays open. d. It moves.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ be into [ to enjoy doing ]
Matt doesn’t like noisy music. So, he is not into heavy metal.
■ check in [ to go to the hotel’s front desk and get the room key ]
You must check in before you go to your hotel room.
■ made (out) of [ built of ]
My desk is made of wood.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. Did John at the front desk this morning?
2. I video games. I really like playing them.
3. Look at that house! What is it ?

8
Summary

Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

cozy fantastic freezing

surprisingly unique

The Ice Hotel is a/an 1 hotel in Canada. It is made of only ice and
snow. So, the inside temperature is usually 2 cold. 3 ,
this hotel is very popular. Many people enjoy
looking at the 4
art in its gallery and eating from
special ice dishes. Guests have a
good sleep in the cold hotel rooms
under the 5 fur
blankets.

Listening

A Visit to the Ice Hotel

Listen to the dialog and choose the best answer.
1. At the end of the conversation, who wants to stay at the Ice Hotel?
a. The womanb. The man
c. Both of themd. Neither of them

2. How is the hotel inconvenient?

a. It is too cold. b. It is fantastic.
c. It has an ice art gallery. d. It has only one bathroom.

3. What will they probably do?

a. Stay at the Ice Hotelb. Visit the art gallery in the Ice Hotel
c. Go to the bathroom at the Ice Hoteld. Stay at the hotel next door

9
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

Would you like to stay in the Ice Hotel? Why or why not?

What is the most unusual place that you have heard of?

Have you ever visited an interesting place? What was it like?

What Makes a Sentence?

A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a terminal punctuation such as a period, a quest
(Is / Are) you into skiing?
Of course, all of these parts of the hotel (is / are) made of ice.

Writing

e
has big casinos. People can go to concerts, watch comedy shows, and try gambling there.

(1) What is an interesting place in your country? (2) Where is it?

How or why is it interesting?
What can people do there?

1
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. He J.K. Rowling. He has every book she has written.
a. hates b. is into c. checks in d. experiences

2. It’s so cold outside that the water has turned to .

a. freezing b. ice c. cold d. temperature

3. Picasso painted pictures.

a. designer b. cozy c. warm d. unique

4. Many people enjoy the in that restaurant.

a. atmosphere b. ice c. world d. drinking glasses

5. I really like The Matrix. It is a movie.

a. drinking b. fantastic c. freezing d. warm

6. That house is wood.

a. made of b. built by c. looked like d. gotten to

7. In very cold countries, people sometimes wear coats.

a. experience b. inside c. sleeping bag d. fur

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. I gave her some flowers. She was .
a. surprising b. surprised c. surprisingly

9. “It is so cold today.” “Yes, it’s !”

a. frozen b. freeze c. freezing

10. It is for me to go dancing. Actually, I don’t dance well.

a. usual b. unusual c. usually

10
9
 F od Firsts

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What’s your favorite food?
2. What’s the most unusual food you have eaten?
3. What type of food can you cook?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word or phrase.

almost; close to first showed or gave

as said by have the flavor of
actually; really make

1. Chefs today create new dishes by putting together interesting foods.

2. In reality, curry comes from England, not India.

3. According to this book, people in England cooked curry dishes in the 1300s.

4. People in Persia ate pizza nearly 1,000 years before people in Italy.

5. Some kinds of curry taste hot, so some people don’t like them.

6. Sailors from Europe introduced new foods to Americans.

1
 Food Firsts

H
ow much do you know about the history of some of your favorite foods?
Do you know when people in England started cooking curry dishes? Do
you know in which country pizzas or hamburgers were first made? The
facts
might surprise you.
5
Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in
the 1600s. In reality, wealthy English people were eating dishes made with curry
spices hundreds of years before British ships traveled to India. Cooks of wealthy
English families during the time of King Richard I were making curry dishes, and in
fact, the word “curry” can be found in an English language cookbook as far back as
10
1377.
As for pizza, this dish was probably first made in Persia (what is now Iran).
The Persians were eating round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s. That was
nearly 1,000 years before pizza caught on in Naples, Italy!
Finally, let’s look at the truth behind hamburgers. Many people think
15
hamburgers are an American food. However, according to
some stories, hamburgers came from Hamburg,
Germany. A German named Otto Kuasw created
the first hamburger in 1891. Four years later,
German sailors introduced hamburgers to
20
Americans.
Where foods come from isn’t nearly
as important as how they taste; as long as
they are delicious! So, go get some of your
favorite food and dig in.

Reading Time minutes seconds 230 words

people
6
wealthy: rich
7
spice: a thing used or added to
make food taste good
9
language: way of speaking by a
certain country or group of

1
 11
dish: food
14
truth: fact; reality
19
sailor: a person who works on ships

1
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Curry was created in England. b. There are many foods that help your body.
c. People created fast food long ago. d. Some facts about foods are surprising.

2. Which is probably true about British curry dishes in the 1400s?

a. The dishes did not have meat. b. The spices cost a lot.
c. People ate curry on special days. d. British sailors first made curry.

3. What did people in Naples learn from Persians?

a. How to make pizza b. How to cook cheese
c. How to use spices from Iran d. How to make flat bread

4. Who introduced hamburgers to America?

a. Persians b. Otto Kuasw
c. Italians d. German sailors

5. Which food was probably made first?

a. Hamburgers b. Cheesy Persian bread
c. Italian pizza d. English curry

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ find out (about) [ to learn (of) ]
Hey, I just found out that class is cancelled tomorrow.

■ catch on [ to become popular ]

In the 1990s, cell phones really caught on.

■ dig in [ to begin eating with excitement ]

The child was very hungry, so he dug in before his parents sat
down.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. All of the food is ready. !
2. Did you what time the movie starts?
3. These days, Latin dancing is .

13
 Summary

Scan the passage and complete the chart with the correct information.

1377 1891 500s

created introduced wealthy

Curry Hamburgers
Pizza

• Word already in the • 3 in • 5 to

English language by Persia Americans by German
1 sailors

• Cooked for • Was eaten in Persia in • First made in Hamburg

2 the 4 in 6
English families

Listening

The First Sandwich

Listen to the dialog and complete each sentence.
Mike found Janet the .

Lord Montagu was the of .

The first sandwich was made with and .

1
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

What are your favorite foods from other countries? Where are they from?

What are some traditional foods in your country?

Do you know any untrue stories about food that people believe? If so, what is the truth?

Grammar
Past Continuous
We use the past continuous in order to talk about past actions in progress.
Cooks of wealthy English families during the time of King Richard I (were making / were
made) curry dishes.
The Persians (were eating / were eaten) round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s.

Writing
h by answering the questions below.
My Favorite Food
It is made of noodles and tomato sauce. I can cook it easily. I cook spaghetti once a month.

What is your favorite food?

What is it made of? (3) Can you cook this food? (4) How often do you cook this food?

15
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. The man owns three hotels. He is very .
a. comfortable b. tired c. unique d. wealthy

2. People think snakes are dangerous. , most snakes are not.

a. Unusually b. Finally c. First d. Surprisingly

3. He knows all of his relatives’ birthdays, except for his aunt and uncle’s.
a. in reality b. before c. nearly d. behind

4. my mother, washing clothes by hand is better than using a washing machine.

a. According to b. Before c. After d. In reality

5. This soup does not right. Did you forget to put in onions?
a. cook b. make c. create d. taste

6. I do not have enough to make this dish.

a. fur b. hamburgers c. stories d. spices

7. We how the magician did the amazing trick.

a. created b. found out c. introduced d. thought

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. I made this sculpture. It is my .
a. creation b. creates c. creative

9. How does it taste? Please tell me if it is good or bad.

a. truth b. true c. truthfully

10. Let me you to my cousin.

a. introduction b. introduce c. introduced

16
 H rricane Who?

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What is a hurricane?
2. Where do hurricanes usually occur?
3. How often do hurricanes occur in your country?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

almost the same; alike big trouble

find happen
facts choose

1. Strong winds can cause danger.

2. People try to detect typhoons before they come to land.

3. I need information about when the storm will begin.

4. Typhoons often occur in summer.

5. Hurricane Fred and Hurricane Gloria had similar wind speeds.

6. We should decide what to call this typhoon.

1
 Hurricane Who?

T
ropical cyclones are called typhoons in Asia and hurricanes in North and
South America. These storms go around like a wheel turning to the left
when they hit in the northern part of the world. They have wind speeds of
60 kph or
more. In the United States, the Tropical Prediction Center in Miami, Florida keeps an
5 eye out for hurricanes.
When meteorologists detect a hurricane, they give it a name. They can use
either a male or female name. Why should tropical cyclones have names? The name
makes it easier for people to keep up with information about a hurricane and its
possible dangers.
10 The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), an
international weather group, decides what names will be
used. The WMO makes lists of names using the English
alphabet. Each name on the list starts with a different
letter. The first hurricane of the year gets the first
15 name on that year’s list. The second hurricane
gets the next name. For example, if the first
hurricane is named Abel, the second might be
named Betty. The name lists do not include
names beginning with the letters Q, U, X, Y, and
20 Z. There aren’t many names that begin with
these letters.
Asian countries use a different list, which
is made up by the WMO’s Typhoon Committee.
This list has a few personal names, but most of the
25 names are of flowers, animals, trees, and other similar
things.

Reading Time minutes seconds 239 words

1
tropical: related to a place that is always weather
warm
4
prediction: a smart guess about the
future
6
meteorologist: a scientist who studies the
1
11
international: in or from different countries
18
include: to have
23
committee: a group that decides things
24
personal: of, or pertaining to, a person

1
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Why tropical cyclones are namedb. What tropical cyclones can do
c. How tropical cyclones are namedd. Who watches for tropical cyclones

2. In which direction do tropical cyclones go around in the northern part of the planet?
a. Downb. The same direction as a clock
c. The opposite direction of a clockd. Up

3. The fifth hurricane of 2015 might have the name .

a. Dianab. Darren
c. Ericd. Connie

4. Which name would a hurricane NOT have?

a. Ritab. Veronica
c. Williamd. Yanni

5. Why should tropical cyclones have names?

a. It sounds interesting. b. The names help people.
c. The names are a code for the WMO. d. It is traditional.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ keep an eye out for [ to watch for trouble or danger ]
Swimmers need to keep an eye out for sharks.
■ keep up with [ to continue getting useful information ]
It’s hard to keep up with fashion these days.
■ make up [ to prepare something ]
I’ll make up a new address list for the class.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. I will a list of questions to ask the travel agent.
2. She always the latest music.
3. When you cross the street, cars.

2 1
Summary

Read the sentences from the reading passage. Paraphrase the sentences
to create a summary of the passage.

1.a. aThe
+ b:WMO
Usingmakes
the letters
a list of
of the alphabet,
names, using the
the WMO makes
English a list of names that
alphabet.
includes .
b. They can use either a male or female name.
2.c. cEach
+ d: name
The lists
on are
the made of names
list starts with athat start with
different different letters, but the lists
letter.
do not include
d. The name lists do not include names beginning with the letters Q, U, X, Y, and Z.
.

3.e. eAsian
+ f: Asian countries
countries use aname hurricanes
different using
list, which a list up
is made of words
by the that
WMO’sincludes
Typhoon Committee. .
f. This list has a few personal names, but most of the names are of flowers,
animals, trees, and other similar things.

Listening

A Nice Name for a Hurricane

Listen to the dialog. Check True or False for each sentence.
True False
1. The hurricane that is coming has a female name.

2. The man does not like the hurricane’s name.

3. The man suggests the name Cobra for the hurricane.

9
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

What kinds of names are better for cyclones--human or non-human names?

Have you ever experienced a tropical cyclone?

Which season in your country has the worst weather? Which has the best?

Grammar
used when it does not matter who performs an action or when the emphasis is put on the receiver of an action.
s (called / are called) typhoons in Asia and hurricanes in North and South America.
orological Organization decides what names will (use / be used).

Writing

t
makes me feel comfortable. When the weather is rainy, I like to read or listen to music.

(1) What kind of weather do you like the most? (2) When does this weather come in your country?
(3) How does this weather make you feel? (4) What do you like to do in this weather?

21
2
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. The teacher decides her students’ grades their test scores and homework.
a. creating b. deciding c. according to d. naming

2. He often uses the Internet to get .

a. information b. danger c. taste d. people

3. My house is very small. Surprisingly, it does not a bathroom.

a. keep up b. catch on c. list d. include

4. We named our dog George. Then we found out she was a dog!
a. female b. possible c. easy d. freezing

5. countries like Singapore are hot all the time.

a. Fantastic b. Male c. Tropical d. International

6. This street is very busy. You should for cars when you walk across it.
a. keep up with b. find out c. watch out d. check in

7. Hurricanes usually in summer.

a. occur b. go around c. make d. detect

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. My sister and my mother have very hairstyles.
a. similarly b. similar c. similarity

9. I can’t the problem with my computer.

a. detect b. detective c. detection

10. It is not to swim here. This beach is very safe.

a. danger b. dangerous c. dangerously

22
 H w Did Those Get in There?

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. How do you feel when you have to speak in
front of your class?
2. What part or parts of your body are affected by
this feeling?
3. What kind of animal does this feeling make you
think of?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

thing to do feel less stress or pressure

help make
make less or lower regular; like usual

1. She does not feel normal right now because she is nervous.

2. A fun activity may help you forget your worries.

3. Exercise can benefit both your body and your mind.

4. Fear can produce a strange feeling in your stomach.

5. I usually listen to music or read a book to relax.

6. Sometimes you can reduce your fear by talking about it with others.

2
 How Did Those Get in There?

A
young actress is about to go onto the stage. As she waits by the side of the
stage, she looks nervous. You might hear her whisper to her friend, “I’ve
got butterflies in my stomach.” Butterflies in her stomach? How did those
get in there? The feeling of butterflies comes from chemicals produced by the body
5 in stressful situations.
One chemical that the body makes under stress
is cortisol. This chemical benefits the body in normal
situations. In fact, it helps the body start normal activities
in the morning after waking up. It also plays a role in
helping
10 the body and mind respond well to healthy exercise.
However, when the body is under stress, extra cortisol
begins to affect the stomach. For some people, cortisol
shuts down the stomach, producing the funny feeling of
butterflies. For others, cortisol speeds up the way the
stomach works, which
15 makes these people feel sick.
All you need to do to get rid of a few butterflies in the
stomach is just relax. Laughing with, or talking to, others
about your stress can help reduce it. Stepping out onto the
stage will also help those butterflies fly away.

Reading Time minutes seconds 197 words

2
nervous: a little afraid or worried pressure from work, studying, etc.
4
chemical: a thing that can cause an
effect in our body
5
stressful: full of, or causing, worry or
2
 5
situation: a condition; a circumstance
10
respond: to do something
because of something
else; to react
14
speed up: to make faster

2
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. A new kind of medicine called cortisol b. An illness that nervous people get
c. The cause of butterflies in the stomach d. The stress that actors have

2. According to the reading, what is NOT true about cortisol?

a. In small amounts, it benefits the body. b. It can shut down the stomach.
c. It is found in many kinds of food. d. It is produced by the body.

3. What helps a body respond well to exercise?

a. Butterflies b. Cortisol
c. Stomach acid d. Stress

4. According to the passage, what makes some people feel sick?

a. When situations return to normal b. When the stomach shuts down
c. When the stomach works too fast d. When there is too little cortisol

5. Which may help a person get over butterflies in the stomach?

a. Doing the thing that makes him or her nervous
b. Not talking while the butterflies are there
c. Shutting down his or her stomach for some time
d. Taking a small amount of cortisol

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ play a role in [ to have some part in ]
The big storm probably played a role in last night’s blackout.
■ shut down [ to stop ]
The company shut down the factory because they were losing a lot
of money.
■ get rid of [ to throw away; to put out of use ]
I didn’t like my bag, so I got rid of it.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. That coat is old and torn. Why don’t you it?
2. How much does luck the success of an artist’s career?
3. When you are finished working, please the computer.

25
 Summary

Fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases.

butterflies normal produces

respond shut down

When a person is under some stress, his or her body may 1 to the
stress by making too much cortisol. This chemical benefits the body in many ways in
2 situations. However, if the body
3 a lot of
extra cortisol, the cortisol may
4 the person’s
stomach. This can make people
feel like they have 5
in their stomachs.

Listening

Another Reason for Butterflies

Listen to the dialog and choose the best answer.
1. What are the speakers talking about?
a. A situation that makes them nervous b. People who have too much stress
c. Something that affects the stomach d. The way cortisol works with other chemicals

2. Which effect has he read about?

a. Feeling very large butterflies b. Less blood flowing to the stomach
c. Reducing the level of cortisol d. Shutting down different muscles

3. What does the woman say about his explanation?

a. It does not sound correct. b. It seems easier to understand.
c. Some parts are confusing. d. The result is the same.

2
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

When was the last time you were nervous or worried? How did your body react to this feeling?
What do you do to reduce stress?

What kind of situation would give you butterflies in your stomach?

Grammar
object and a root verb.
s these people (feel / to feel) sick. Stepping out onto the stage will also help those butterflies (fly / flying) away.

Writing

resentation, I knew it really well, so I hardly looked at my notes while I was speaking.

When was a time that you got butterflies in your stomach?

What did you do in order to calm or relax yourself? (3) How well did that work? (4) What happene

27
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. He had to take some time off from work because all of the was making him sick.
a. activity b. chemical c. exercise d. stress

2. In some cultures, you should not ask questions such as a person’s age.
a. international b. normal c. personal d. tropical

3. Many patients will from the new treatment.

a. benefit b. decide c. occur d. produce

4. Sometimes it takes several months or even a year before new technology really .
a. catches on b. finds out c. shuts down d. speeds up

5. The company plans to a new diet cola early next year.

a. detect b. introduce c. relax d. respond to

6. We should try to the amount of electricity we use every month.

a. create b. include c. reduce d. taste

7. Your cheeks are red, and you’re sweating. Are you ?

a. fantastic b. nervous c. unique d. wealthy

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. The jar says that this skin can help reduce lines around your eyes.
a. relaxation b. relaxer c. relaxing

9. Next weekend, the store will sell all of its furniture at prices.
a. reduction b. reduces c. reduced

10. The new program has a lot of over the old program.
a. benefits b. benefitted c. beneficial

28
 A ug’s Sleep

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Do you think insects sleep? Why or why not?
2. How can you tell if an insect is sleeping?
3. How many hours of sleep do you need each
night? How does your behavior change when
you don’t get enough sleep?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

find out thought something was true

also research; experiments
complicated; not simple sounds

1. Scientists are trying to discover how insects sleep.

2. Insects can send messages to each other in complex ways.

3. Long ago, many people believed that the world was flat.

4. Studies show that fruit flies sleep.

5. Loud noises made the flies start to move.

6. The fly sat in a funny way. Additionally, it kept its antenna down.

2
 A Bug’s Sleep

E
very mammal needs sleep, as do birds and reptiles, such as snakes. But
what about insects? Do they need sleep? Scientists have been trying to
discover the truth about insect sleep behavior for years. Scientists first
thought insects did
not need sleep. According to them, the insect brain was not complex enough to need
5 it. Scientists said that some kinds of brain activity, like dreaming, were sleep
behaviors. Insects do not dream, so scientists said that they did not sleep. They
believed that insects rested, instead.
However, new studies have shown that some insects may actually sleep.
There are four types of behavior during sleep. First, sleeping people and animals
don’t move
10 much. Also, they have a position for sleeping; for example, they lie down.

Additionally, they don’t wake up easily when hearing noises or seeing light. Lastly,
they are able
to come out of sleep quickly in response to some
intense stimulant.
Scientists have now seen similar behaviors in
15 fruit flies. For example, fruit flies become still every

night for about seven hours. At these times, they sit

in a different way, let their antennae drop, and do
not respond to quiet noises. The flies do begin to
move around when louder noises are made.
Scientists
20 think that some insects may have their own unique

kind of sleep.

Reading Time minutes seconds 220 words

like a lizard
2
1
mammal: an animal that has live babies insect: an animal like a beetle or fly
3
1
reptile: an animal that is cold-blooded, behavior: a way of acting

3
10
position: a way of holding or placing the
body 13
stimulant: something that makes you feel
more active and full of energy
15
fruit fly: a small fly that eats fruit
15
still: not moving
17
antennae: the two long, hair-like things on an
insect’s head, used for sensing

2
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Fruit flies show sleep behavior. b. Scientists were wrong.
c. Scientists have changed their view d. Animals die without sleep.
about insect sleep.

2. Which of the following animals do NOT sleep?

a. Black bears b. Chickens
c. Rattlesnakes d. All of these animals sleep

3. Why did scientists believe that insects did not need sleep?
a. Insects don’t work hard. b. Insects can’t close their eyes.
c. Insects don’t dream. d. Insects don’t live very long.

4. How did scientists learn that insects sleep?

a. They used brain scanning machines. b. They put flies in dark rooms.
c. They watched insects. d. They took the antennae off flies.

5. What do fruit flies do for seven hours each day?

a. Sleep b. Eat
c. Make noise d. Fly

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ for example [ like; for instance; such as ]
Most insects, like ants for example, have six legs.

■ come out of [ to wake up from; to become alert ]

He came out of a deep sleep because of the loud noise.

■ move around [ to move; to have motion ]

I want to take your picture. Stop moving around.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. It takes some people a very long time to sleep.
2. My sister a lot when she sleeps.
3. Please wear something nice to the party. , a suit would be a good
idea.
3 3
 Summary

Scan the passage and complete the chart with the correct information.

antennae loud position

respond to still wake up

Sleep Behaviors of Most Animals Sleep Behaviors of Fruit Flies

 Don’t move much  Become 3 for about

seven hours
 Have a 1 for sleeping  Sit in a different way, let their
4 drop
 Don’t 2 easily from  Do not 5 quiet noises
noise or light  Start to move around when
 Come out of sleep quickly when 6 noises are made
woken up

Listening

Facts About the Weta

Listen to the dialog and complete each sentence.
An interesting thing about the New Zealand weta is that it every night.

The man learned that the New Zealand weta is related to .

The man found out about the New Zealand weta in .

1
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

Why do you think we need sleep?

Think of an experiment that would help find out whether or not insects sleep.

What other interesting things do you know about insects?

Grammar
tions
the beginning of a sentence, while subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses.
when hearing noises or seeing light. However, they start to move around (then / when) louder noises are made.

Writing

Insect
eetles are very strong, and they can walk for a long time. Some beetles even eat dung!

What is an interesting insect?

Why is it interesting to you?
What are some interesting facts about it? (4) What is a surprising fact about it?

33
3 3
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. Scientists want to new things.
a. believe b. come out of c. discover d. wake up

2. That is a shirt. I have never seen anything like it.

a. unique b. complex c. quiet d. loud

3. Most , like ants, are very strong for their size.

a. mammals b. insects c. birds d. reptiles

4. When my dog shows good , I give him a snack.

a. activity b. light c. taste d. behavior

5. I don’t like snakes. In fact, I hate all .

a. mammals b. insects c. reptiles d. frogs

6. The scientist to use rabbits in her study.

a. believed b. decided c. discovered d. detected

7. This problem is not simple. In fact, it is very .

a. unique b. complex c. similar to d. destructive

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. What did he give?
a. respond b. response c. responding

9. They are building a house nearby, so it is very .

a. noisy b. noises c. noiseless

10. Many animals are at night.

a. activity b. active c. action

34
 T ger’s Tale

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Can you name a famous golfer?
2. What is special about Tiger Woods?
3. What is a role model?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

different kinds; variety something no one else has done

well-known thankful
stopped skilled; earning money for doing work

1. Most American golfers are white. Golf does not have much diversity.

2. Tiger Woods is a very famous golfer.

3. I am grateful for all the help you have given me.

4. Tiger Woods was sometimes prevented from playing golf.

5. Some professional golfers make a lot of money.

6. He was the first player to win so many games. He set a record.

3
 Tiger’s Tale

T
iger Woods started playing golf when he was two years old. Now he is one
of the most famous professional golfers in the world. Tiger is from the
United States. His father is African-American and his mother is Thai. His
real name
is Eldrick, but everyone knows him as Tiger, the nickname his father gave him.
5 He started playing golf professionally in 1996, and won all four of the World
Golf Championships before he turned 25. He holds the record as the youngest
player ever to win all four of these championships. Although he has played on
many great golf courses, one of Tiger’s favorite places to play is Pebble Beach.
Tiger became a role model at an early age. People look up to him, so he is very
10 grateful. Because many people helped Tiger as a child, he wants to lend a hand to
others now. Some people cannot play golf because of their ethnicity, while others
do not have enough money. Occasionally, Tiger himself was prevented from
playing golf. Because of this, he created the Tiger Woods Foundation to help make
golf open to everyone. He likes to see diversity on the golf course, and he wants all
children to
15 play golf if they want to. Tiger is happy that many children now want to play golf
because of him.

Reading Time minutes seconds 224 words

3
African-American: a black person from 6
championship: a competition to find the best
the United States
3
Thai: a person from Thailand
4
nickname: an extra name

3
 9
role model: someone who is a good
example for others
11
ethnicity: racial background
12
occasionally: not often; at times
13
foundation: an official group with special goals

3
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Tiger’s golf career b. Tiger’s experience and opinions
c. Tiger’s foundation d. Tiger’s best teacher

2. Which is true about Tiger’s parents?

a. Both of them are Asian. b. His father is famous.
c. One of them is not from America. d. Neither of them plays golf.

3. What record does Tiger hold?

a. The youngest to win four important championships
b. The player to finish a game of golf the fastest
c. The first golfer to turn professional as a teenager
d. The first African-American golfer

4. Where does Tiger like to play golf?

a. Augusta b. The United States
c. Pebble Beach d. The World Golf Championship

5. What does the Tiger Woods Foundation do?

a. Sells golf equipment b. Gives money to professional golfers
c. Helps kids to play golf d. Makes golf courses

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ hold the record (as/for) [ to be known as better than anyone else ]
Hank Aaron holds the record for the most home runs.
■ look up to [ to admire someone; to think someone is a good person ]
I look up to my mother, and I respect my sister.
■ lend a hand [ to help someone ]
Please lend us a hand when we move into our new house.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. Can I you with your homework?
2. John the fastest time in the race.
3. My son his teacher.

37
 Summary

Read the sentences from the reading passage. Paraphrase the sentences
to create a summary of the passage.

1.a. aHe started

+ b: Tigerplaying
Woods golf
wonprofessionally
the World GolfinChampionships
1996, and wonbeforeall fourheofturned
the 25,
World Golf
setting Championships before he turned 25.
the record
.
b. He holds the record as the youngest player ever to win all four of
these championships.
2.c. cBecause many
+ d: Woods people
wants to helped Tigerwho
help others as acan’t
child,play
he wants
golf fortovarious
lend a hand to
reasons
others now.
because .
d. Some people cannot play golf because of their ethnicity, while others do not
have enoughcreated
3.e. eOccasionally,
+ f: Woods money.
Tiger himself wasWoods
the Tiger prevented from playing
Foundation so thatgolf.
f. Because of this, he created the Tiger Woods Foundation . to help make golf
open to everyone.

Listening

I Like to Watch Tiger

Listen to the dialog. Check True or False for each sentence.
True False
1. The woman doesn’t really like to watch golf.

2. The woman thinks that Tiger Woods is good-looking.

3. The man knows that Tiger gave millions of dollars to charity.

3
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

Do you like to play golf? Why or why not?

What sports do you enjoy playing?

What would you do if you had lots of money like Tiger Woods?

Grammar
Verbs + Gerund or Infinitive?
There are certain verbs that are usually followed by an infinitive or a gerund.
Tiger Woods started (play / playing) golf professionally in 1996.
Because many people helped Tiger as a child, he wants (to lend / lending) a hand to others now.

Writing

t I Like
to finish the race before the other drivers. I like this sport because it is very exciting.

(1) What is a game or sport that you like? (2) Where do people play it? (3) How do they play it?
(4) Why do you like this game or sport?

39
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. I was very for the help she gave me.
a. famous b. open c. grateful d. real

2. The loud noises outside me from sleeping.

a. helped b. stressed c. detected d. prevented

3. My friend lived in Bangkok for two years, so he has many friends.

a. professional b. Thai c. active d. wealthy

4. She is a very writer. Many people read her novels.

a. famous b. early c. young d. cozy

5. His in elementary school was “Birdy.”

a. information b. ethnicity c. nickname d. foundation

6. I am busy today, so I don’t have time to see a movie.

a. happily b. occasionally c. nearly d. extremely

7. He really wants to be like Bill Gates. Bill Gates is his .

a. record b. foundation c. insect d. role model

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. Los Angeles is a city with great . There are many different kinds of people there.
a. diverse b. diversity c. diversify

9. My favorite food is Indian.

a. ethnicity b. ethnic c. ethically

10. My sister wants to become a tennis player.

a. professional b. profession c. professionally

40
 N t the Normal News

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What was in the news over the past few days?
2. How would you describe the information from
this news? (interesting, sad, scary, etc.)
3. Can you remember many happy or funny
stories in the news?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

duty; required job place to get things from

gives idea; opinion
problem; concern wrote; told

1. The city newspaper reported about yesterday’s parade.

2. A reporter has the responsibility to check his or her facts carefully.

3. Hurricanes are not an issue here since we are far from the ocean.

4. The Internet is a good source of lots of information.

5. I don’t think things are all bad in the world. What is your view?

6. This website provides interesting news stories from around the world.

4
 Not the Normal News

N
ewspapers and television news programs always seem to report about the
bad things happening in society. However, there is a place where readers
can find some good news. That place is the website called HappyNews.
The man behind HappyNews is Byron Reese. Reese set up HappyNews because
5 he thought other news sources were giving people an unbalanced view of the
world. Reese said about HappyNews, “The news media gives you a distorted view
of the world by exaggerating bad news, misery, and despair. We’re trying to
balance out the scale.”
Not everyone agrees with Reese’s view, though. Many people think that news
10 sources have a responsibility to provide news that is helpful to people. People need
to know about issues or problems in today’s society. Then people are better able to
make informed decisions about things that affect their daily lives. Reese said that
HappyNews is not trying to stop people from learning about issues or problems.
HappyNews is just trying to provide a balanced
15 picture of today’s world.
By the end of its first month online,
HappyNews had more than 70,000 unique readers.
About 60 percent of those readers were women.
Something else unique makes HappyNews
different from
20 any of the other news or information websites
that are on the Internet. Unlike many other
websites, HappyNews gets fan mail from its
readers on a daily basis.

Reading Time minutes seconds 230 words

2
society: a body of individuals facts; to be false
living as members of a
community
5
unbalanced: not equal; one-sided
6
news media: newspapers,
magazines, TV news shows, etc.
6
distort: to not truly represent the

4
7
exaggerate: to describe
something as larger or
more extreme than it is
7
misery: suffering; sadness
7
despair: without hope; extreme
sadness
22
fan mail: letters or notes
from people who enjoy or
support something

4
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is another possible title for the reading?
a. “Byron Reese Tells People How to b. “Good News for a Change”
Be Happy”
c. “Newspapers vs. Online News” d. “Why Women Like HappyNews”

2. How is HappyNews different than other news sources?

a. All of the stories are written by Reese. b. HappyNews does not exaggerate its stories.
c. Its stories are not about bad things. d. The website only has stories about women.

3. Why might some people NOT like HappyNews?

a. It doesn’t tell them about important issues or problems.
b. Reese’s stories are about misery and despair.
c. Some sources give a balanced view.
d. The stories are from around the world.

4. Which of the following is NOT true about HappyNews after its first month online?
a. It had thousands of readers.
b. Most of its readers were women.
c. Readers sent in nice letters about it every day.
d. Reese used it to create other websites.

5. What does “unique” mean in this reading?

a. Different b. Interesting
c. One of a kind d. Awful

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ set up [ to create; to start ]
Henry Ford set up his car company in 1903.
■ agree with [ to have the same idea or opinion as someone ]
I agree with you. Last night’s homework was very difficult.
■ on a daily basis [ every day ]
Do you exercise on a daily basis?

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. It is important to practice your English .
2. Not all of the reports each other about the facts of the court case.
3. The artist her new studio in her basement.
4 4
Summary

Fill in the blanks with the correct words or phrases.

agrees with balanced reports

responsibility set up

A man named Byron Reese 1 an online source of news information.

Reese’s website is different from other news media because his website only
2 happy news. Reese believes
that he can provide a more 3
view of today’s society by reporting stories that
don’t focus on bad things. Others believe that the
news media has the 4 to report
on issues that people need to know about. Reese
5 them, but he also thinks people
get a distorted view of the world if they only hear
about bad news all the time.

Listening

Sources of the News

Listen to the dialog and choose the best answer.
1. Who reviews news stories before they are posted on HappyNews?
a. Byron Reese b. HappyNews editors
c. HappyNews readers d. Other news sources

2. Which of the following statements is true according to the dialog?

a. Both speakers have written stories for HappyNews.
b. HappyNews stories cannot be found in other news sources.
c. Regular people can write stories for HappyNews.
d. The HappyNews editors rewrite stories from other news sources.

3. What should a writer be sure to include with his or her story?

a. Extra copies b. Other media
c. Photographs d. Sources

3
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

Where do you usually hear or read news reports?

What is your favorite news magazine? Why do you like it?

What other sources of happy or entertaining news do you know about?

Grammar
d before the main verbs. However, certain adverbial phrases are used at the beginning or the end of a sentence.
appening in society.
s).

Writing

. I have not read this news source today, but I will read it tonight before I go to sleep.

(1) Where do you usually hear or read news reports? (2) Is the news from this source mostly about
(3) Why do you like to get your news from this source? (4) Have you heard or read this news sourc

45
4
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. Do you know when people how to make concrete?
a. discovered b. prevented c. provided d. reported

2. He used only his personal money to his new company.

a. agree with b. set up c. shut down d. move around

3. No one told me that locking the door at night was my .

a. activity b. diversity c. misery d. responsibility

4. Sometimes I am not sure if I can really trust the information reported by the .
a. fan mail b. news media c. role model d. view

5. The essay was too one-sided. It did not give a presentation of the situation.
a. balanced b. complex c. daily d. distorted

6. When people live together in a , they have to agree on certain rules to follow.
a. behavior b. despair c. society d. stress

7. The that you heard was just rain hitting the window.
a. benefit b. issue c. noise d. source

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. I don’t think all teenagers are . Some of them are quite mature and hard-working.
a. responsibility b. responsible c. irresponsible

9. Lots of people these days belong to networking websites.

a. society b. social c. socially

10. The fish could not have been that big. You are .
a. exaggeration b. exaggerating c. exaggerated

46
 T e Wright Way to Fly

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Who were the Wright brothers? Why are they
famous?
2. In which country did these brothers live?
3. During what time in history did they live?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

a. try something d. flying time; airplane trip

1. The inventor made a lot of money
b. not special; like most others with his effectively;
e. new machine. well
c. without any problems or errors f. person who makes new things
2. He was not smarter than other students. He was ordinary.

3. There was nothing wrong with the machine. It was perfect.

4. The flight from New York to Paris takes six hours.

5. They made a plane and it worked. They made a plane successfully.

6. You have to try a new machine to see if it works. You have to test it.

4
 The Wright Way to Fly

T
he inventors of the first airplane were not scientists. In fact, they did not
even finish high school! The inventors of the first airplane were just
ordinary brothers with a big dream—a dream of flying.
Wilbur and Orville Wright grew up in Indiana in a large family. Neither of the
5 brothers finished high school. Instead of sitting in class and reading, they wanted to
work and make things, like machines. When the brothers were 18 and 22 years old,
they started up their own printing press and bicycle shop.
One day, Wilbur read an interesting story in the newspaper about a man
trying to fly in a glider. The man died, but the story gave Wilbur an idea. He
decided to
10 teach himself about flying in order to make the perfect glider. Together, Orville and
Wilbur successfully tested their new glider on the beach. Then the brothers
decided to make their glider into a flying machine. They put an engine and
propeller on the glider and called their new machine the “Wright Flyer.” The plane
broke down on its first test, but the Wright brothers didn’t give up.
15 With a little more hard work, the
Wright Flyer made a successful flight! On
December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers
made history by flying the Wright Flyer
over the beach at Kitty Hawk, North
20 Carolina. The airplane was born.

Reading Time minutes seconds 229 words

4 9
neither: not one of the two decide: to choose; to make a plan
7
printing press: a machine that
makes newspapers or books
9
glider: a flying machine with no
engine

4
 12
engine: a machine to
make something move
or do work
12
propeller: the spinning part
on the wings of some
planes

4
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is another good title for this reading?
a. “The First Glider” b. “American Inventions”
c. “Two Brothers’ Dream” d. “Gliders vs. Planes”

2. How did the brothers learn about planes?

a. They learned about them in school. b. Their father taught them.
c. They worked in a glider shop. d. They learned by themselves.

3. Why did the Wright brothers succeed in building the first plane?
a. They quickly gave up. b. They were good students.
c. They never gave up. d. They spent a lot of money.

4. What made the Wright Flyer different from a glider?

a. It had a propeller. b. It had an engine.
c. It could fly. d. It had an engine and propeller.

5. What is the lesson of this story?

a. Flying is too difficult for ordinary people.
b. If you don’t succeed at first, keep trying.
c. The airplane is an important invention.
d. Dreams can make you rich.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ start up [ to begin; to make a group or business ]
We will start up a new club at school.

■ break down [ to stop because of a problem ]

The car broke down during our trip.
■ give up [ to stop doing something; to quit ]
He did not catch any fish. He gave up and went home.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. I . You win.
2. The machine is very old. It may soon.
3. Linda plans to her own company someday.

49
 Summary

Scan the passage and complete the chart with the correct information.

finishes give up machine

perfect start up successfully

Neither Orville nor The brothers Wilbur reads a report

Wilbur Wright 2 about a glider. He
1 ▶ a printing press ▶ dreams of making the
high school. and bicycle shop.
3
glider.

▶
On Dec 17, 1903, the The Wright Flyer The inventors
Wright Flyer breaks down, but the decide to turn their
6 brothers don’t glider into a flying
flies at Kitty Hawk,
5 . 4 .
NC.

Listening

Did You Know That?

Listen to the dialog and complete each sentence.

1. The speaker says that flew in the Wright Flyer.

2. The distance that the Wright Flyer went was .

3. That is about the distance from of a plane to .

5
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

What other inventors do you know of?

Do you know anyone who enjoys making things?

Have you ever flown in an airplane? Where did you go?

Grammar
Infinitives
An infinitive functions as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
Instead of sitting in class and reading, they wanted (to work / working) and make things,
like machines.
Then the brothers decided (to make / making) their glider into a flying machine.

Writing

with friends. Internet chatting and Internet file sharing also came from this invention.

Who is a famous inventor?

What was invented by this person? (3) Who uses this invention today? (4) What do they use this inv

51
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. We can’t take my car. The doesn’t work.
a. noise b. engine c. propeller d. machine

2. The copy in our office broke down last week.

a. machine b. press c. shop d. thing

3. The scientist the new invention many times.

a. put b. taught c. tested d. discovered

4. I have always going to the moon.

a. dreamed of b. given up c. broken down d. caught on

5. This is not a(n) storm. This is a hurricane!

a. ordinary b. perfect c. grateful d. unusual

6. According to this , many people call the island “The Paradise of the Pacific.”
a. information b. inventor c. introduction d. destruction

7. The food was amazing, and the service was excellent. Everything was .
a. dreamed b. ordinary c. perfect d. unique

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. Hot air balloons and hang gliders are both machines.
a. flight b. flew c. flying

9. Her invention became a big , and she became rich.

a. success b. successful c. successfully

10. When did Edison the light bulb?

a. inventor b. invention c. invent

52
 D n’t Trust Me!

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Do you have any important information stored
on your computer? What kind?
2. What helps keep your computer safe?
3. What do you think is the biggest danger to your
computer?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

specialist; knowledgeable person safety from harm or attack

have confidence in abilities
offered suggestions to pretended to be

1. It’s important to have good computer security.

2. I trust her. She would never do anything bad to me.

3. The robber posed as a police officer.

4. James is an expert in computers.

5. He uses his skills to help people.

6. My father advised me about what university I should go to.

5
 Don’t Trust Me!

C
ompanies these days spend thousands of dollars on their computer security.
They buy the best firewalls and computer programs. However, Kevin
Mitnick thinks the biggest danger these days is not a weakness in
technology.
In the 1990s, Kevin Mitnick was an infamous hacker. He hacked
5 into government and corporate computer systems. After being sent
to prison, Mitnick decided to use his skills in a different way. He
started his own computer security firm. He now advises people on
how to keep their computers safe.
According to Mitnick, the biggest danger to security is people.
10 However, by this he doesn’t mean hackers. In fact, he means the
people using the programs. “If an attacker
can get one trusting person to give his or
her information, the attacker gets in. All
that money spent is basically wasted.” A
15 hacker can get around everything with
just one person within the company.
Unfortunately, people are still too
trusting. In a recent test of the US tax
office (the IRS), security experts called 100
20 managers. They posed as IRS computer
technicians. The experts were able to fool
35 of the managers. They gave both their passwords and IDs. In the hands of real
hackers, this would have been a disaster!

Reading Time minutes seconds 207 words

2
firewall: a computer program that acts 7
firm: a company
like a barrier
3
technology: electronic or computer
products
4
hack into: to get into illegally
5
corporate: related to a company
6
prison: jail

5
14
waste: to throw away without using
18
tax office: the government department
that collects money from people
20
manager: the boss of a department
21
technician: someone whose job
involves fixing technology
21
fool: to trick

5
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Managers need to be more careful about who they talk to.
b. Hackers can help us make our computers safe.
c. Technology is not helpful if people aren’t careful.
d. It’s important to get the newest technology.

2. What is true about Kevin Mitnick?

a. He now works for the US government. b. He thinks security technology is too expensive.
c. He used to be a criminal. d. He teaches people how to hack computers.

3. What happened at the IRS?

a. Hackers stole important information.
b. Employees gave information to the wrong people.
c. The security technology had a problem.
d. Managers tested the computer system.

4. What is Kevin Mitnick’s advice to us?

a. Don’t give information to strangers. b. Buy the newest firewalls.
c. Test your computer systems often. d. Don’t store important information on computers.

5. What does the word “they” refer to in line 22?

a. Experts b. Technicians
c. Managers d. Hackers

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ get around [ to avoid; to bypass ]
How did you get around that issue?
■ pose as [ to pretend to be ]
He had to pose as the milkman in order to escape.
■ in the hands of [ in the possession of ]
In the hands of criminals, guns are very dangerous.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. Sam the problem by using another method.
2. The man the president was an obvious fake.
3. No plants live long my sister. She doesn’t know how to take care of them.

5 5
Summary

Read the sentences from the reading passage. Paraphrase the sentences
to create a summary of the passage.

1.a. aAfter
+ b: being
Mitnick,sent to prison, Mitnick decided to use his skills
who in a different
, decided way.
to use his
b. skills to set his
He started up own
a computer
computersecurity firm.
security firm.

2.c. cAccording to Mitnick,

+ d: Mitnick believesthe
thebiggest
biggestdanger
dangerto
tosecurity
security is people.
these days is the
.
d. In fact, he means the people using the programs.

3.e. eThe
+ f:security experts
The security were fooled
experts able toquite
fool 35 of the
a few managers.
managers, who
f. The managers gave both their passwords and IDs. .

Listening

Got Her!
Listen to the dialog. Check True or False for each sentence.
True False
1. Paris Hilton had her computer hacked.

2. Among other things, the hackers stole email addresses and photos.

3. Paris Hilton gave her password and ID to the hackers.

5
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

What kinds of things do you have on your computer?

Are you worried about computer security? Why or why not?

Do you know anyone who has been hacked? Who?

Grammar
by a singular noun or a plural noun, which determines whether the following verb should be singular or plural.
(dollar / dollars) on their computer security. All that money spent (is / are) basically wasted.

Writing

t keeping it safe. My computer is at home, and only a few people can get into or use it.

(1) How much important information do you have stored on your computer? (2) What kind of infor

57
5 5
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. My cousin fixes pianos. He is a piano .
a. computer b. technician c. technology d. engine

2. Bob has a lot of with machines.

a. skill b. waste c. firewall d. change

3. She works in a law .

a. tax office b. flight c. government d. firm

4. Karen passed the bar exam. Now she is a lawyer!

a. unfortunately b. usually c. extremely d. successfully

5. He stole a car, so he went to .

a. security b. manager c. prison d. firewall

6. My teacher my mistakes so I could fix them.

a. kept up with b. pointed out c. got around d. gave up

7. I believed him, but he totally me.

a. fooled b. posed c. trusted d. discovered

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. He is a very person. He would never cheat anyone.
a. trust b. trusting c. trustworthy

9. What can you give me?

a. advise b. advice c. advised

10. is a big problem for computer security.

a. Hacked b. Hacker c. Hacking

58
 B gs for Sale

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What do you think is being sold in this machine?
2. Why would people buy such things from this
machine?
3. What is the strangest thing you have seen in a
machine?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

have a different opinion something that happens to a person

pastime unexpected; not usual or ordinary
smart not common

1. I enjoyed my experience in Japan.

2. It was a clever idea to do that. No one had had that idea before.

3. My daughter’s hobby is collecting insects.

4. They disagree with the pet store. They think those animals should not be sold.

5. People built houses on the animals’ homes. Now the animals are very rare.

6. She thought it was strange to see insects in a vending machine.

6
 Bugs for Sale

H
ow often have you gone to a vending machine to get a bag of chips? What
if you found a pair of live beetles instead? It may sound strange, but a
company in Japan sells large beetles through vending machines. The
vending machine
company and nature conservationists disagree about selling beetles this way.
5 Many school-age children in Japan collect beetles. Other people also enjoy
this hobby. However, people are building houses where the beetles live. This
destroys the beetles’ homes. Now, it is difficult to find the beetles in the wild.
Since 1999, the Mirai Seiko Company has been selling these beetles in
vending machines. The company says that it wants to help people own these rare
insects. It
10 also says that it takes good care of the beetles in the
machines. True or not, the machines are very popular. The
machines sell more than 1,500 beetles per month.
Sometimes, people buy all the beetles in a machine in
just a few minutes.
15 On the other hand, conservationists feel that
the machines are harmful. Children may think that
living creatures are like soft drinks or boxes of candy.
Do you feel that the vending machines give people a rare
experience, or that they give children bad ideas? Either
20 way, they show how clever people can be.

Reading Time minutes seconds 219 words

4
1
vending machine: a machine that sells conservationist: a person who wants to help
things the environment
2
beetle: an insect with a large body
4
nature: the world of plants and animals

5
 5
collect: to gather things that you like
6
destroy: to break into pieces
9
own: to have personally or privately
16
harmful: hurtful; damaging

6
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is another good title for this reading?
a. “Expensive Beetles in Japan” b. “Unusual Vending Machines”
c. “Japanese Beetles” d. “Japanese Children’s Hobbies”

2. Who likes to collect beetles as pets?

a. Mirai Seiko b. Many people in Japan
c. Only Japanese schoolchildren d. Conservationists

3. Why is it hard to find beetles in the wild?

a. They are too fast. b. They live underground.
c. Their homes are disappearing. d. They die very easily.

4. How quickly do the beetles usually sell out?

a. Within a couple of days b. Within hours
c. Within a month d. Within minutes

5. Why do conservationists dislike the beetle vending machines?

a. People learn bad ideas about animals. b. The beetles are too expensive.
c. No one wants the beetles. d. The beetles don’t get food.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ [a] pair of [ two things, usually two of the same thing ]
See that pair of ducks? They will stay together for life.

■ take good care of [ to look after someone or something ]

Please take good care of my dog while I am gone.

■ on the other hand [ looking at the opposite side of a matter ]

He is very smart. On the other hand, he is very lazy.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. I just bought a skates.
2. My sister is really outgoing. , I am very shy.
3. She herself. She never gets sick.

61
 Summary

Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

clever disagree beetles

rare vending

In Japan, many people like to collect 1 . However, the beetles have

lost their homes in many parts of Japan. They are very 2 these days. A

Japanese company started selling these beetles in

3 machines. The
company says that they want to
help people own the beetles.
However, some people 4
with the company.
They think that beetles should
only live in nature. Even so, it was
a5
idea to sell beetles

Listening

The Beetle Machine

Listen to the dialog and choose the best answer.
1. Who wants to buy the beetles?
a. The manb. The woman
c. A companyd. The child

How much does a pair of vending machine beetles cost?

a. $4b. $2
c. $8d. $50

Why wouldn’t the man buy the rare stag beetles?

a. He’s afraid he would lose them.b. He’s afraid someone would take them.
c. He’s afraid they would die.d. He’s afraid they would run away.

6
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

Do you agree with the Mirai Seiko Company or the conservationists? Why?

Do you think insects should be treated the same way as other animals? Why or why not?

What new items do you think should be sold in vending machines?

Grammar
d to refer to an action previously mentioned or about to be mentioned. It is also used as an anticipatory subject.
t) may sound strange, but a company in Japan sells large beetles through vending machines.
is / it) is difficult to find the beetles in the wild.

Writing

g Machine
y. This is because animals need room to move. I would never buy a pet from a machine.

(1) What would be strange to see for sale in a vending machine? (2) Would it be OK for that thing to
(4) Would you buy that thing from a machine?

63
6
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. Riding the horse was a fun .
a. friend b. hobby c. experience d. beetle

2. These days, pandas are very in China.

a. rare b. harmful c. clever d. ordinary

3. Too much sunlight can be to your skin.

a. strange b. large c. harmful d. clever

4. Hold still. There’s a big on your arm.

a. engine b. beetle c. idea d. home

5. Nothing special happened today. It was just a(n) day.

a. destructive b. strange c. ordinary d. professional

6. Animals like bears and monkeys live freely in .

a. machines b. the wild c. diversity d. noise

7. Her job is cooking food, but her is drawing pictures.

a. experience b. beetle c. hobby d. record

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. His father is very interested in old books. He likes to them.
a. collectable b. collect c. collector

9. My brother likes meat, but my sister hates it. They always have about food.
a. disagreements b. disagrees c. disagreeable

10. The octopus got out of the tank.

a. clever b. cleverness c. cleverly

64
 M na Who?

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What are the names of some famous artists?
2. What are they famous for?
3. Can you name one famous painting?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

model; perfect who she is

good-looking took off
known suggest

1. Do you know her identity?

2. Some people propose that the Mona Lisa is not a real woman.

3. That painting looks familiar to me.

4. That picture is not of a real apple, but an ideal one.

5. He removed the mark from his shirt.

6. She is an attractive woman.

65
 Mona Who?

A
young woman without eyebrows is seated in front of a beautiful
landscape. Does this sound familiar to you? This is one of the most famous
works by Leonardo da Vinci. The Mona Lisa is a beautiful painting.
However, it was
the mystery behind the painting that intrigued people. Who was the woman and
5
why did da Vinci paint her?
Different theories have been proposed about her identity. Many art and
history buffs thought that it was a portrait of da Vinci himself, but as a woman.
Others thought it was not any particular person, but the ideal of a woman. They
say this is why she was painted with no eyebrows. This gave her face a more
unearthly
10
look. Still, others thought that it was a portrait of an actual woman of the time, the
wife of Francesco del Giocondo.
In 2005, historian Armin Schlechter
of Heidelberg discovered the answer.
While looking through an old
manuscript, he
15
found a small note. In this, the woman in
the Mona Lisa was positively identified as
Lisa del Giocondo. The artist had been
paid to do her portrait after the birth of
her second child. “Mona,” in fact,
means
20
“madam” in Italian. As for her unearthly
look? Historians say women of this time
liked to remove their eyebrows.
Apparently, they thought eyebrows were
not attractive.

Reading Time minutes seconds 224 words

6
1
eyebrow: the hair on the face above 7
portrait: a picture showing a person’s face
one’s eye 8
particular: specific
1
landscape: scenery 14
manuscript: a piece of writing
4
mystery: something that is unexplained 16
positively: absolutely; definitely
4
intrigue: to arouse curiosity or interest
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. How da Vinci created a great painting b. The making of a great mystery
c. Fashion trends long ago d. The identity of a famous woman

2. According to the reading, what is one point about the Mona Lisa that intrigued people?
a. What kind of woman da Vinci’s ideal was b. Where it was painted
c. Her hairstyle d. Her lack of eyebrows

3. What could the word “unearthly” mean in this reading?

a. Ideal b. Frightening
c. Specific d. Realistic

4. According to the reading, which of the following was NOT an idea about the identity of
the woman in the Mona Lisa?
a. Leonardo da Vinci painted himself.
b. She was married to Francesco del Giocondo.
c. Leonardo da Vinci painted a member of his own family.
d. She was not a real woman.

5. How do we know who the woman in the Mona Lisa is?

a. A historian looked closely at the portrait. b. The name on the portrait tells us.
c. There were no eyebrows. d. Someone wrote about it long ago.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ a (some subject) buff [ a person who is enthusiastic and knowledgeable about a
subject ]
Bob is a World War II history buff. He knows everything
about it.
■ a (some kind of) look [ a certain appearance ]
You have an angry look on your face. Are you all right?
■ as for [ with respect to ]
As for him, he was just happy to be there.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. He has a serious on his face.
2. I’m a movie . I love to read about and see movies.
3. She likes to wear the latest fashions. me, I like wearing jeans and
t-shirts. 7
6 6
 Summary

Scan the passage and complete the chart with the correct information.

removed ideal da Vinci

actual eyebrows unearthly

Who Was Mona Lisa?

• 1 • An 2 • An 5
Who:
himself woman woman

Details: • Painted as a woman • Had no • Named Lisa del

3 Giocondo
to look • Many women
4 6
their eyebrows at
this time.

Listening

Another Painting
Listen to the dialog and complete each sentence.

1. is the name of another famous

painting.

2. It is a of a scene from the .

3. It was painted by .

6
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

1. Who is one of your favorite artists? Why do you like him or her?

2. What kind of artwork does/did this artist do?

3. Which piece of artwork by this artist do you like? Why?

Grammar
That: Relative Pronoun or Subordinating Conjunction?
That as a relative pronoun is followed by an incomplete clause in which that plays a
part, while that as a subordinating conjunction is followed by a complete clause.
However, it was the mystery behind the painting (that / what) intrigued people.
Many art and history buffs thought (what / that) it was a portrait of da Vinci himself.

Writing

e Artist
I like his art because of the colors that he used in his paintings. They are very pretty.

Who is your favorite artist?

What kind of art does he or she make? (3) What style does he or she use? (4) Why do you like his o

69
6
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. I don’t know how to this cap from the bottle. Do you?
a. discover b. remove c. propose d. detect

2. Is this a of the old king?

a. buff b. portrait c. mystery d. theory

3. Is there any kind of car that you are interested in?

a. particular b. unearthly c. familiar d. beautiful

4. The of the jungle is very green and lush.

a. landscape b. manuscript c. machine d. woman

5. That child has very bad . He frequently hits others.

a. eyebrows b. theories c. behavior d. answers

6. John that we go to the beach for our holidays.

a. painted b. removed c. tested d. proposed

7. I don’t know the answer, and , neither does Sue.

a. apparently b. according to c. however d. nearly

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. Can you this picture?
a. identity b. identify c. identification

9. , England had a lot of influence on other countries throughout the world.

a. History b. Historian c. Historically

10. I am with this machine. How do you use it?

a. familiar b. unfamiliar c. familiarize

70
 B rrowed Words

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Do you know of any English words that are
used in your native language?
2. Do you know any English words that came
from other languages?
3. Why do you think a language borrows
words from another language?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word or phrase.

taste not private; for any person

people who play sports tell about; explain
in the beginning in most cases

1. Originally, many English words came from German.

2. The flavor of ketchup is like sweet tomatoes.

3. Anyone can use public restrooms.

4. Professional athletes in Finland relaxed in saunas after training.

5. In general, I like Italian food very much.

6. “Can you describe him?” “Well, he’s very tall.”

7
 Borrowed Words

D
o you often use shampoo or put ketchup on your food? Have you ever
visited a sauna? If you think these words are originally English, you’d
better think again. In fact, each of these words comes from a
different language!
Shampoo, for example, is actually a word from the Hindi language in India. This
5
word originally meant “massage.” In hair shops in India, barbers massage your
head while washing your hair. Over time, British people in India used this word to
mean a liquid that cleans hair.
Almost everyone knows what ketchup is. People all over the world like to
pour this tomato sauce on French fries or sandwiches. This word is originally
Chinese
10
(from ketsiap, a fish sauce). In the 1600s, British and Dutch sailors brought this
fish sauce to Europe. Over time, people changed the sauce by adding tomato flavor
to it, but the name basically stayed the same.
Sauna, a popular type of public steam room and shower facility, comes from
the Finnish language. During one of the
15
European Olympics, athletes from Britain
and Germany saw Finnish athletes use
saunas after training. Later, the general
public all over Europe started using this
style of bathing, too. Now, we still use this
20
word to describe all kinds of steam
rooms. English is full of many
wonderful borrowed words from many
languages. Perhaps English should change
its name to
Eng-hin-chi-fin-fre-ger-ital-span-ish!

Reading Time minutes seconds 241 words

5
barber: a person who cuts and styles hair,
5
massage: to rub the body in order to especially for men
relax it 7
liquid: a fluid substance

7
10
Dutch: of or relating to the Netherlands
13
steam: hot water vapor
13
facility: a place for some service
14
Finnish: of or relating to Finland

7
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. English words in other languages
b. Words from India
c. Usage of words from other languages in English
d. The most popular borrowed words

2. Which of the following words is from Hindi?

a. Shampoo b. Sauna
c. Ketchup d. Massage

3. What did the original word for ketchup mean?

a. A red tomato sauce b. A hair shop
c. Fish d. A kind of fish sauce

4. Why did people start to use the word “sauna”?

a. Athletes made it popular at home. b. The public liked the Olympics.
c. The Finnish traveled a lot. d. It was good after training.

5. What does “ital” probably mean in “Eng-hin-chi-fin-fre-ger-ital-span-ish?”

a. The name of a country b. The name of a language
c. The name of a group of people d. The name of people who speak English

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ over time [ as time passes ]
Over time, she became a famous model.

■ pour (something) on [ to cover; to add on top of something ]

Don’t pour on too much glue. Use just a little.

■ full of [ having many or much of something ]

The room was full of spiders.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. I like to chocolate sauce my ice cream sundae.
2. Joanne was joy on her birthday.
3. Your English skills will improve if you practice hard.
7 7
Summary

Read the sentences from the reading passage. Paraphrase the sentences
to create a summary of the passage.

1.a. aShampoo,
+ b: English
for borrowed
example, isthe word a word from the Hindi language in
actually , in
which the word
India. This wordmeant “to massage
originally a person’s head,” but is now known to
meant “massage.”
b. mean a liquid
Over time, that people
British cleans hair.
in India came to use this word for a liquid
that cleans hair.
2.c. cThis
+ d:word
English borrowedChinese
is originally the word(from ketsiap, a fish sauce). In the 1600s, , in
which
British and Dutch sailors broughtfish
the word meant a kind of sauce,
back but people
this fish sauce tochanged
Europe.it by adding
d. tomato
Over time,flavor to it.changed the sauce by adding tomato flavor to it, but the
people
name remained basically the same.
3.e. eSauna,
+ f: English borrowed
a popular type ofthe word
public steam room and shower facility, comes from , in
which the word meant
the Finnish language. a steam room that Finnish athletes used after training.
f. During one of the European Olympics, athletes from Britain and Germany
saw Finnish athletes use saunas after training.

Listening

Not Really English

Listen to the dialog. Check True or False for each sentence.
True False
1. The words “cola” and “zombie” originally come from African languages.

2. In its original language, the word “kola” is the name of a nut.

3. Originally, the word “zombie” described a kind of plant that people ate.

3
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

If you could learn another language besides English, what would it be?

Can you think of any English words that you use in your native language?

Do you know of any other borrowed words in English? Are there any words from your language now

Grammar
t also can be used to form a passive predicate after a be verb. Do not confuse it with a past form of a verb.
ng / bathed) style, too. English is full of many wonderful (borrowing / borrowed) words from many languages.

Writing

d Word
ed in Central America. This word means the red fruit or vegetable that people like to eat.

(1) What is another borrowed word in English? (2) Where did this word come from? (3) Where do
(4) What does this word mean?

75
7 7
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. It is not easy to the taste of the dish that we had, but it was delicious.
a. disagree b. mean c. bring d. describe

2. My sister has strong hands, so she my sore neck very well.

a. massages b. washes c. pours on d. detects

3. We poured water on the hot rocks in the sauna to make .

a. liquid b. shower c. steam d. ice

4. The river becomes deeper in spring when the ice turns to .

a. liquid b. bath c. steam d. sauce

5. The offered many good services.

a. language b. room c. facility d. flavor

6. That’s a private club for athletes. Only can go in there.

a. Germans b. words c. professionals d. people

7. This website gives information about saunas for the public.

a. original b. borrowed c. normal d. general

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. is more important at my school than mathematics.
a. Athletes b. Athletically c. Athletics

9. I used strawberry to make this cake.

a. flavor b. flavorless c. flavored

10. He his trip as boring.

a. describing b. description c. described

76
 Gr wing Deserts

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Do you know where deserts exist in the world?
2. Are there any deserts in your
country? In neighboring countries?
3. How can we prevent deserts from growing?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

hurt helpful
become wider make something unusable
important; big care for

1. Deserts are not useful for growing food.

2. Deserts can ruin farmland. Then no one can use it anymore.

3. If you damage the land, you won’t be able to grow as much food.

4. People should treat the land well.

5. If there is no rain for a long time, deserts can start to spread.

6. Deserts getting bigger is a serious problem.

7
 Growing Deserts

T
here are deserts all over the world. They can be found in Africa, China,
South America, and North America. In some places, deserts are growing. This is
a serious problem because deserts destroy farmland and ruin land where
animals live. When people cannot grow food or find animals to eat, they have to
5
leave their homes.
Sometimes, nature can cause deserts to spread. Wind can move sand away
from deserts and onto useful land. When there is no rain for a long time, plants die
and deserts grow. However, humans can also cause deserts to grow. This is called
desertification, and it happens in many ways. One way is when people cause too
10
much air pollution, which can make an area hotter. Hotter weather can reduce the
amount of rain as well. Too many people in one area can also damage the land. In
addition, having many animals can harm the land. When large animals like cows
walk on soil too much, they turn it into dust. The wind easily blows this dust
away. Trees help hold water in the ground. When people cut down too many
trees, less
15
water stays in the ground, and the soil is ruined.
All of these things can speed up desertification. To stop deserts from
growing, people must think of ways to treat the land better.

Reading Time minutes seconds 223 words

6
sand: the rock powder on a beach 10
reduce: to make smaller
or in a desert
10
pollution: something harmful to
nature

7
 12
harm: to hurt
13
soil: the earth; the dirt
13
dust: the powder from hard soil
13
easily: with no problem

7
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of the reading?
a. Where the world’s deserts are
b. How people live in deserts
c. Why some deserts are growing
d. How cows can stop deserts from growing

2. Where are deserts found?

a. Africa and South America b. The United States and China
c. On useful land d. All around the world

3. Which is NOT a cause of desert growth?

a. No wind b. Using land too much
c. No rain d. Many animals

4. How do humans cause desert growth?

a. By causing pollution b. By eating only vegetables
c. By planting trees d. By moving sand

5. How can humans stop desert growth?

a. By using bicycles less b. By raising more cows
c. By cutting down trees d. By having fewer children

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ all over [ everywhere; covering the surface ]
There is milk all over the floor.

■ as well (as) [ also ]

I am scared of snakes as well as spiders.

■ speed up [ to make faster ]

You should speed up your work if you want to finish early.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. This program will your computer.
2. I love chocolate cake ice cream.
3. The baby has food her face.
79
 Summary

Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

damage serious spread

treat ruin

There are deserts all around the world. Deserts are getting bigger in some places.
This is a 1 problem, since deserts can 2 farmland. Not only
nature, but also people can cause deserts to 3 . People can cause too
much air pollution, which makes weather hotter.
Large numbers of people can
4 land. Also,
cutting down too many trees can
make the soil lose water. People
must 5 the land
better if they want to stop desert
growth.

Listening

The Wall of Trees

Listen to the dialog and choose the best answer.
1. What country are they discussing?
a. Korea b. The United States
c. China d. Kenya

2. What is the name of the wall of trees?

a. The Yellow Wall b. The Tree Wall
c. The Green Wall d. The Great Wall

3. Why is the government building the wall?

a. So it will be the longest wall b. To protect the desert
c. To prevent the desert from spreading d. So it will spread to other countries

8
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

Have you ever seen a desert? What did it look like?

What do you think would make living in a desert difficult?

Do you think growing deserts are a serious problem?

Grammar
Auxiliary Verbs
An auxiliary verb is followed by a root verb.
When people cannot grow food or find animals to eat, they have to (leave / left) their
homes. To stop deserts from growing, people must (to think / think) of ways to treat the
land better.

Writing

to Visit
nt to see monkeys and colorful birds there. I think it would be very interesting for me.

(1) What natural place would you like to visit? (2) Where do you want to go to find it? (3) What do

81
8
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. My doctor told me to the amount of coffee I drink.
a. ruin b. reduce c. spread d. grow

2. She studied very hard, so she passed the test .

a. useful b. all over c. cleverly d. easily

3. The flowers will quickly if you give them water every day.
a. grow b. treat c. ruin d. take good care of

4. I have a problem. I can’t find my car.

a. serious b. ordinary c. useful d. clever

5. Too many rabbits will your garden. They’ll eat everything.

a. take in b. spread c. treat d. ruin

6. If you get a cold, it can to other people.

a. break down b. damage c. easily d. spread

7. They walked across the by the ocean.

a. dust b. sand c. soil d. pollution

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. Please your dog well. Don’t leave it outside all the time.
a. treat b. treatment c. treats

9. Very strong winds are to trees.

a. damage b. damaging c. damages

10. A dictionary is very for studying another language.

a. useful b. use c. usefulness

82
 T e Importance of Water

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. How much water should you drink in a day?
2. Is it better to drink cold water or warm water?
3. Why is it important to drink enough water?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

look at closely; examine the degree of heat

gets ready delay; prevent
remove; get rid of things necessary for life and growth

1. It’s very hot today. Do you know the temperature?

2. My father prepares for exercise by drinking water.

3. Meat and vegetables are full of nutrients.

4. How can I eliminate this smell from my room?

5. Music can interfere with my studying. I can only study in a quiet room.

6. Are you healthy? Maybe you should ask your doctor to check.

8
 The Importance of Water

S
ome doctors think that you should drink a glass of water each morning. You
should drink this water first thing, before doing anything else. The temperature
of the water should be similar to body temperature; neither too hot nor too
cold.
5 Why should you drink this water? Water helps your body in many ways. It
helps clean out your kidneys. It prepares your stomach for digestion. Water can
also help your intestines work better. After drinking water, the intestines can more
easily take out nutrients from our food. Water also helps us go to the bathroom
more easily.
Scientists suggest that people take in 1,600 milliliters of water each day. But
10 don’t drink all of that water in one sitting. If you do,
your kidneys will have to work much harder to
eliminate it. It’s better to drink some in the morning
and some in the afternoon. Some people think it’s better
to drink between meals and not during meals. They
think water dilutes
15 the juices produced in our stomachs. This can interfere
with normal digestion.
Are you drinking enough water every day? Check
the color of your urine. If it is light yellow, you are
probably drinking enough. If your urine is very dark
yellow, you
20 probably need to drink more water. A little more water
each day could make you much healthier!

Reading Time minutes seconds 226 words

6 6
kidney: an organ in the body that digestion: the process of breaking down food
removes waste from the blood for use by the body

8
8
take out: to withdraw for use 9
milliliter: a unit of liquid volume equal to
0.01 liter
14
dilute: to make weaker
18
urine: the yellow liquid waste from the body

8
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What could be another title for this reading?
a. “Drink Water, Not Soft Drinks” b. “Drink During Meals”
c. “Drink Between Meals” d. “Drink Enough Water”

2. Why is it helpful to drink water in the morning?

a. Your kidneys will work harder. b. Your intestines will work well.
c. Your juices will be diluted. d. Your urine will be pale yellow.

3. Which of the following is NOT a reason to drink water?

a. So your intestines will work well b. To get more nutrients
c. To clean out your kidneys d. To dilute your stomach juices

4. Why is it better to drink between meals?

a. So you eat enough food b. So you don’t dilute stomach juices
c. So your urine will not smell bad d. So you don’t overwork your kidneys

5. Why is dark-colored urine a sign to drink more water?

a. It shows our body is healthy. b. It means our kidneys are working too hard.
c. Less water makes the color darker. d. It is the same color as our digestive juices.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ first thing [ first; before anything else ]
When you get home, do your homework first thing.

■ take in [ to consume; to eat or drink ]

Cats and dogs also need to take in enough water each day.

■ in one sitting [ all at once; during one period of time ]

She did all her homework in one sitting.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. We were all amazed that he could eat the entire cake .
2. When you see your teacher tomorrow, the you should do is say hello.
3. It is important to enough vitamins and minerals each day.

8 8
Summary

Scan the passage and complete the chart with the correct information.

1,600 check digestion

light meals nutrients

Drinking Water
Prepares the stomach for
1

When? In the morning

3 Helps the intestines take
How much?
ml/day 2 out of food
more easily

How to tell if you 5 Not all at once

drank enough? the color of urine
6 yellow =
Not during 4
enough water

Dark yellow = not enough water

Listening

If You Don’t Like Water

Listen to the dialog and complete each sentence.

1. The man doesn’t like to drink water.

2. The woman says he can get water from eating and .
3. If he drinks too much water, his body will it when he goes
.

5
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

Why do you think some people don’t drink enough water?

Besides drinking it, are there other ways of taking in water?

What other things do you drink or eat that are good for your body?

Grammar
Should
Use should when giving advice or making suggestions.
Some doctors think that you (should / could) drink a glass of water each morning.
Scientists suggest that people (would / should) take in 1,600 milliliters of water each day.

Writing

ink
metimes I drink two cups. Green tea is very good for your health. It can prevent colds.

(1) What is a healthy thing you drink? (2) How often do you drink this? (3) How much do you usua

87
8
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. It’s very cold right now. The is -1˚C.
a. nutrient b. temperature c. meal d. cold

2. My is very dark. I need to drink more water.

a. urine b. digestion c. flavor d. yellow

3. Everyone has two . They look like beans.

a. intestines b. stomachs c. hobbies d. kidneys

4. are very long. They look like sausages in our bodies.

a. Intestines b. Stomachs c. Kidneys d. Beetles

5. from food are necessary for us to grow and live.

a. Meals b. Nutrients c. Spices d. Doctors

6. If you put in too much spice, it will the flavor of the food.
a. ruin b. check c. taste d. dilute

7. Please don’t use your cell phone on the plane. It with the plane’s equipment.
a. turns off b. interferes c. takes in d. eliminates

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. My is complete.
a. prepare b. preparation c. prepared

9. My stomach food.
a. digests b. digestion c. digestive

10. Kidneys waste water from our bodies.

a. eliminate b. elimination c. eliminating

88
 A imal Forecasters

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What type of weather is shown in this picture?
What is your favorite kind of weather?
2. What are some ways that scientists can predict
weather patterns?
3. Do you have a pet? If yes, does it act differently
before or during storms?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

linked; related opinions; ideas; values

studied; watched relating to customs
foretell; guess saw; noted

1. Can you predict the future?

2. Scientists observed the rat’s behavior in their experiment.

3. Researchers say the right brain is connected to musical skills.

4. Turkey is a traditional holiday food in Canada.

5. Her beliefs are very strong.

6. She noticed my new necklace.

9
 Animal Forecasters

D
o you think animals can predict the weather or other natural events?
Farmers living in the countryside think so. For hundreds of years, they have
observed animals and noticed many things about the way animals act. For
example, some farmers believe that if they see swans flying into the wind, a
hurricane
5
is coming. Or, when cows lie down, a rainstorm is coming. There are many
traditional stories connecting animals and natural events. Some scientists are
taking another look at animals to see if there is any truth behind these stories and
beliefs. They have found some surprising things.
Kiyoshi Shimamura is a Japanese earthquake researcher. He noticed an increase
10
in dog bites a short time before earthquakes hit. Then, he did an investigation of
twelve public health centers in Kobe, Japan. These health centers treated people
after a big earthquake. Shimamura noticed that the month before the big
earthquake, treatment for animal bites had increased. In fact, aggressive behavior in
dogs, such as biting and barking loudly, jumped 60 percent!
15
Other animals change their behavior before an
earthquake as well. For example, fish in ponds or
lakes begin swimming together in large groups only
in the middle of the water and not near the edges.
Also, birds may fly away from their nests for many
20
days, leaving their eggs unprotected. These
behaviors suggest that animals may be able to
predict natural events, such as earthquakes, better
than people.

Reading Time minutes seconds 240 words

9
earthquake: the destructive teeth
moving of the land or earth 10
investigation: a research project
9
increase: a greater amount of
10
bite: to grab something with the

8
 11
public: not private; available to all
people
13
aggressive: violent; destructive
14
barking: dog noise or sounds
18
edge: the outer side
20
unprotected: not secure; open to
attack

9
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. What animals do during earthquakes
b. The many earthquakes of Japan
c. Effect of natural events on animals’ actions
d. Folklore and other stories about animals

2. How do dogs begin to behave just before an earthquake?

a. They lie down in grass. b. They stay together in large groups.
c. They leave their homes. d. They hurt people.

3. According to the passage, what other animals behave strangely before an earthquake?
a. Pigs b. Birds
c. Cows d. All of the above

4. What did Kiyoshi Shimamura look at during his investigation?

a. Animal clinics treating dogs b. The number of patients with bites
c. The number of earthquakes a year d. Places dogs go during earthquakes

5. Why do you think Japanese researchers are so interested in studying earthquakes?

a. Japanese people like dogs. b. Japan has lots of researchers.
c. Japan has lots of earthquakes. d. Many animals in Japan behave strangely.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ take another look [ to re-examine; to check again ]
Space scientists are taking another look at Mars.

■ hit [ to happen quickly ]

The answer to the problem suddenly hit him.

■ jump [ to increase suddenly ]

The price of apartments jumped last year.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. The teacher asked her to at her exam before she handed it in.
2. The number of cell phone users this year.
3. I was with a bad cold last night.

91
 Summary

Read the sentences from the reading passage. Paraphrase the sentences
to create a summary of the passage.

1.a. aFor
+ b:example,
Farmerssome farmers
believe believe that if they see swans flying
that swans is a into
sign the
of a
wind, a hurricane,
coming hurricane is coming.
and cows is a sign of a coming rainstorm.
b. Or, when cows lie down, a rainstorm is coming.
2.c. cHe [Kiyoshi
+ d: Shimamura]
Shimamura believesnoticed an increase in dog bites a short time before
that dogs
earthquakes hit. is a sign of a coming earthquake.
d. In fact, aggressive behavior in dogs, such as biting and barking loudly,
jumped
3.e. eFor 60 percent!
+ f:example,
Other fish inbelieve
people ponds that
or lakes
fish begin swimming together in large groups
and birds
only in the middle of the water and not near the edges.
are signs of earthquakes or other natural
events in the near future.
f. Also, birds may fly away from their nests for many days, leaving their eggs
unprotected.

Listening

Cat Predictions
Listen to the dialog. Check True or False for each sentence.
True False
1. Some people in England and the US believe that cat behavior
can predict certain kinds of weather.

2. Some Scots believe that if a cat sneezes, it will be a windy day.

3. A rhyme says, “If a cat washes over her ear, the weather will
be fine and clear.”

9
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

Do you think that animals can predict the weather? Why or why not?

What are some different ways that animals can help people?

Which do you think is the most interesting animal? Which is the least interesting?

Grammar
Before: Conjunction or Preposition?
Before as a conjunction is followed by a complete clause, while before as a preposition is followed by a noun.
Shimamura noticed an increase in dog bites a short time (before / in front of) earthquakes hit.
He noticed that the month (in front of / before) the big earthquake, treatment for animal bites had increased.

Writing

under the ground, in a colony. There can be more than a million ants living in a colony!

(1) What do you think is the most interesting animal? (2) How is it interesting? (3) What can it do?
Where does it usually live?
What is interesting about its living conditions?

93
9
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. The police finished their .
a. evidence b. condition c. behavior d. investigation

2. Anna was unexpected. People couldn’t prepare for its strong winds.
a. Hurricane b. Earthquake c. Weather d. Japanese

3. My mother thinks that intelligence is to the food we eat.

a. treated b. noticed c. connected d. increased

4. “Did you his watch?” “Yes, it looked very expensive.”

a. notice b. observe c. change d. suggest

5. I like folklore. Those stories are very interesting.

a. traditional b. aggressive c. natural d. short

6. There is in approaching a hippo. They kill many people each year.

a. traditional b. aggressive c. connecting d. danger

7. Scientists animals so they can understand them.

a. detect b. observe c. notice d. treat

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. The of earthquakes is a difficult science.
a. predict b. prediction c. predicted

9. That medical really helped my skin problem.

a. treat b. treatment c. treated

10. Of course I don’t think you’re lying. I you!

a. believe b. belief c. believable

94
 A antastic Mind

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Do you know of any famous animated movies?
2. Do you like comics or animation? Which comics
or animation do you like?
3. Have you ever heard of any famous Japanese
animators?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

likeable creative
true life not real; from a dream or imagination
huge not in normal life; from the spirit world

1. Animation is not reality. The characters are not real people.

2. Miyazaki is a very original animator. No one makes movies like he does.

3. She is very charming, so everyone wants to talk to her.

4. Totoro is so enormous. He’s bigger than any animal I know.

5. Some of Miyazaki’s movies are about supernatural things, like ghosts.

6. Miyazaki’s movies often contain fantasy, like talking animals.

9
 A Fantastic Mind

H
ayao Miyazaki was born in Tokyo on January 5, 1941. As a boy, he liked to
read and draw cartoons. After graduating from university in 1963,
Miyazaki joined the Toei Animation Company. At Toei, he worked on many
animated movies, like the famous Puss in Boots. In 1984, he made Nausicaa of the
5
Valley of Wind, which was based on a comic book he wrote. Because this movie was
so successful, Miyazaki was able to start his own animation company, Studio
Ghibli.
One of Miyazaki’s most loved movies is My Neighbor Totoro, made in 1987. It
is a children’s movie, but many adults like it, too. The movie is about two sisters
who
10
become friends with an enormous, supernatural animal named Totoro. It is a very
warm-hearted story, with many fantastic characters such as Cat Bus, a cat that is
also a bus. Miyazaki’s 2001 movie, Spirited Away, was even more popular than
Totoro. In fact, it made more money than any other movie in
Japanese history.
15
All of Miyazaki’s movies contain strange but
charming people and creatures. Many of his stories
happen in worlds that are different from ours. However,
they still show his ideas about real life. He often points out
how humans hurt the natural world. He thinks people
should change how they live.
20
Miyazaki’s movies combine fantasy and reality in an
original way. This may be why so many people like his
movies.

Reading Time minutes seconds 239 words

4
animate: to make or design in such a way as
2
cartoon: a drawing that tells a story to create lifelike movement

9
11
fantastic: strange and interesting
16
creature: a living thing
20
combine: to put together

9
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. The movie My Neighbor Totoro b. The education of Hayao Miyazaki
c. The most famous movie in Japan d. The works of Hayao Miyazaki

2. How did the success of Nausicaa help Miyazaki?

a. He could start his own studio. b. He could publish a comic book.
c. He could join Toei Animation. d. He could work on more movies.

3. Cat Bus is a character in which movie?

a. Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind b. My Neighbor Totoro
c. Puss in Boots d. Spirited Away

4. Who likes My Neighbor Totoro?

a. Teenage girls b. Children
c. Adults d. All of the above

5. According to the reading, why are Miyazaki’s movies so successful?

a. Children like them. b. His movies are unique.
c. His movies have strange creatures. d. He wants to protect the environment.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ be based on [ to come from ]
The book is based on her own life.

■ such as [ for example ]

She doesn’t like animals such as frogs, lizards, and snakes.

■ point out [ to show something clearly ]

Please point out the new students for me.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. That movie a famous folktale.
2. There are many beautiful cities in Europe, Paris or Rome.
3. Do you think teachers should always students’ mistakes?

9 9
Summary

Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

original supernatural animated

charming reality

Hayao Miyazaki is very famous in Japan. He has made many successful 1

movies. One of his most famous films is My Neighbor Totoro, which is about a friendly
2 animal. Miyazaki’s movies always have characters that are very
unusual. However, they are also 3 and warm-hearted. Many parts of his
stories are not real, but other parts come
from 4 . Miyazaki shows
new ideas in each of his movies. They
are successful because they are so
5 .

Listening

Not Just for Kids

Listen to the dialog and choose the best answer.
1. Which person is bored?
a. The man b. The woman
c. Both of them d. Neither of them

2. Why is the woman unsure about going to the movie?

a. Animation is just for kids. b. Animation is boring.
c. The movie is too early. d. She doesn’t have a ride.

3. What will they do?

a. Wait to see the video b. Buy tickets online
c. Choose another movie d. Watch the movie together

7
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

1. Do you like to draw? Would you like to be an animator? Why or why not?

2. What is the best movie you have ever seen? Did it have animation?

3. What is a popular cartoon character in your country?

Grammar
Adjective Order
When you write more than one adjective, put them in the following order: quantity,
opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material. When you use more than one adjective
of the same type, put a comma or and in between.
The movie is about two sisters who become friends with an (enormous supernatural /
enormous, supernatural) animal named Totoro.
It is a very warm-hearted story, with (fantastic many / many fantastic) characters such
as Cat Bus.

Writing

cter
mal. He is popular because he goes to different countries and has exciting adventures.

(1) What is a popular cartoon character in your country? (2) What is he/she/it like? (3) What does

99
9
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. Oh no! The rain my new bag.
a. hurt b. combined c. ruined d. stirred up

2. Many people think food is very healthy.

a. enormous b. reality c. natural d. strange

3. He thought she was very , so he asked her to dance.

a. strange b. supernatural c. charming d. useful

4. I don’t believe in things like ghosts or spirits.

a. charming b. original c. hurt d. supernatural

5. Flying to the moon is her .

a. fantasy b. reality c. animation d. movie

6. He read instead of studying for the test.

a. animation b. cartoons c. comic books d. nutrients

7. An elephant is a(n) animal.

a. animated b. enormous c. traditional d. supernatural

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. That movie is very . I haven’t seen anything like it before.
a. original b. originally c. origin

9. She likes movies because the characters are colorful.

a. animate b. animator c. animated

10. is not often shown in movies.

a. Reality b. Real c. Realistic

100
 S eing Red

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What color is your classroom? Is it a good color
for studying?
2. What colors make you feel relaxed?
3. What color clothes do you usually buy?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

calm; happy trust; a sure feeling

feeling focus; think deeply
large; strong looks

1. Pictures of green fields and blue lakes give me a peaceful feeling.

2. It is too noisy here. I can’t concentrate on my work.

3. From her behavior, I did not get the sense that she was a good person for this job.

4. The speaker’s words had a powerful effect on the audience.

5. I have confidence the new president will be a great leader.

6. Her appearance was very clean and tidy.

101
 Seeing Red

B
right colors stir up active feelings. For example, the color red can cause
people to feel excited. In fact, red can even make a person feel hungrier.
Yellow can increase energy. Therefore, a room with strong red and yellow
colors, would be a good place to eat a lot of food quickly. On the other hand, darker
5
colors, like blue and green, are peaceful. The color blue can help people calm down.
So, a blue room can be a good place to study, since people can concentrate more
easily. However, it is easier to nod off in a blue room than in a red one.
The colors of clothes can also affect feelings. Black and deep-blue clothes
can produce a sense of strength and seriousness. Therefore, a person in a black
suit can
10
seem like a leader more easily than one wearing white. If a person is wearing a
dark suit and a red tie, he or she may seem both powerful and energetic. Perhaps
this is why many politicians and businesspeople wear dark suits with red ties.
Brown and green clothes can produce a sense of confidence, which means it may
seem easier to trust a person wearing such colors. Therefore, many people choose
to wear green
15
or brown clothes for meetings or interviews.
Choice of color, for rooms as well as clothes, is not simply about appearance.

Reading Time minutes seconds 231 words

9
1
active: energetic; busy seriousness: a mood of formality and importance
3
energy: power; strength
8
deep-blue: dark blue, almost
black

1
11
energetic: full of energy
12
politician: a person working
as a leader in the
government
15
interview: a meeting
where people try to
get a job
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. Colors are important. b. Managers should wear black.
c. Colors can affect feelings. d. People do not see colors well.

2. Where would red and yellow be most useful?

a. In an office b. In a health club
c. In a department store d. In a fast food restaurant

3. According to the reading, what would be the best color for a bedroom?
a. Blue b. Yellow
c. Grey d. Brown

4. According to the reading, green clothes would be most useful for which person?
a. A professor b. Someone looking for a job
c. A manager of a large department d. A doctor

5. Why would a president wear a black suit?

a. To seem powerful b. To scare people
c. To make people feel relaxed d. To look better in pictures

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ stir up [ to produce a strong reaction ]
The photograph of my mother stirred up many happy memories.
■ calm down [ to become relaxed ]
I couldn’t calm down until I saw my grade.
■ nod off [ to fall asleep ]
Please don’t nod off in class!

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. The movie starts at midnight. If it is boring, I might .
2. A good way to a child is to sing to him or her.
3. Don’t problems with the other students.

103
1
1
 Summary

Scan the passage and complete the chart with the correct information.

confident increase meeting

peaceful powerful strong

Colors Effect Where or What

Excited, hungry
Red and yellow A fast food restaurant
1 energy

Blue and green Calm, 2 A study room

Deep-blue and Clothes for a leader 🡒 dark suit + red

Serious, 3 tie = 4 + energetic
black

Brown and green 5 Clothes for a 6

Listening

A Problem at Work
Listen to the dialog and complete each sentence.

1. His boss was wearing a and suit.

2. The clothes his boss wore made him feel .

3. He thought those colors made his boss look and .

1
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

1. Is there a color you wouldn’t wear? Why not?

2. How do white clothes make you feel? How about a white room?

3. What color clothes do you usually wear? Why?

Grammar
How to Punctuate Conjunctive Adverbs
Use a semicolon or period before conjunctive adverbs such as however and therefore in
order to separate two independent clauses that are logically related. Conjunctive
adverbs are also usually followed by a comma at the beginning of the second clause.
Yellow can increase energy. (Therefore / Because), a room with strong red and yellow
colors would be a good place to eat a lot of food quickly.
(However / Although), it is easier to nod off in a blue room than in a red one.

Writing

hing
because they seem casual. However, I am not wearing anything green or brown today.

(1) What color clothes do you like to wear? (2) What items of clothing do you have in this color? (3
(4) Are you wearing this color now?

105
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. You would never guess from his that he is rich.
a. appearance b. confidence c. fortune d. wealth

2. The General Manager is the most woman in our company.

a. energy b. large c. powerful d. strong

3. Many work in city and state governments before working at the national level.
a. businesspeople b. heirs c. inventors d. politicians

4. This medicine may side effects in some patients.

a. concentrate b. produce c. stir up d. trust

5. The I get when I am at the lake is very peaceful.

a. belief b. feeling c. reason d. person

6. White pants seem to be very this year.

a. active b. peaceful c. popular d. strong

7. Please close the curtains. The sunlight is too .

a. bright b. enormous c. ordinary d. serious

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. The audience reacted to the performance.
a. strength b. strong c. strongly

9. The loud noise broke the player’s .

a. concentration b. concentrate c. concentrated

10. Although few people thought he could win, the player seemed .
a. confidence b. confident c. confidently

106
 W rth Collecting

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Do you know anyone who collects stamps?
2. What do you do with old letters or stamps?
3. Why do you think people like to keep old stamps?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

worth a lot of money followed; engaged in

cause; basis for action state; form; shape
decide; find out gathers together for a hobby

1. Why are you late? Do you have a reason?

2. My sister collects stamps. She has about 200 of them!

3. Hinduism is the most practiced religion in India.

4. Some stamps are very valuable. They are worth hundreds of dollars.

5. How did the expert determine the value of the stamp?

6. Her car is in good condition. It looks like new.

107
 Worth Collecting

W
ould you be worried if your classmate told you that he was a
philatelist? Would you call a doctor or call the police? Actually, there is
no reason to be concerned. A philatelist is just a person who collects
stamps!
Stamp collecting has been around for well over 150 years. People began collecting
5
stamps soon after adhesive postage stamps (stamps with glue on the back) were
introduced in London in 1840. Today, according to Boys’ Life magazine, stamp
collecting is the most practiced hobby in the world.
Some people collect stamps just for fun. These people may just want to
collect stamps with animals or famous people on them. Or maybe they want to
collect all
10
the stamps issued by one particular country. Other people collect stamps that they
think will be valuable down the road. Such collectors ask three questions to
determine if a stamp is worth collecting and what its value might be.
First, how many of a particular
stamp were made? Next, how popular is
15
the stamp? Finally, what is the condition
of the stamp? If a stamp has a low print
run, a popular picture or design, and is
in excellent condition, this stamp may be
worth a lot of money. In 1980, a one-
cent
20
British Guinea stamp issued in 1856 went
for $935,000!

Reading Time minutes seconds 221 words

5
postage: related to the post or post office
6
5
adhesive: sticky; coated with glue introduce: to bring into use
1
10
issue: to produce for use
16
print run: the number made
19
worth: equal in value to
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What does a philatelist enjoy?
a. Collecting stamps b. Determining the value of things
c. Writing letters d. Introducing new stamps

2. According to the reading, which of the following is true?

a. People in the 1800s collected stamps.
b. The first stamps were made in America.
c. Boys’ Life is a magazine for philatelists.
d. Most people collect stamps with people on them.

3. What determines a stamp’s value?

a. Quantity b. Popularity
c. Condition d. All of the above

4. What does it mean if a stamp has a low print run?

a. It was made by Boys’ Life magazine. b. It has a picture of an animal on it.
c. It is in excellent condition. d. Not many were made.

5. Why was the 1856 British Guinea stamp worth so much?

a. It was old and rare. b. People liked it.
c. It was in good condition. d. All of the above

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ well over [ a long time or a large amount more ]
That jacket is well over a hundred dollars.

■ down the road [ in the future; eventually ]

I’m saving this money for a vacation down the road.

■ go for [ to cost ]
That painting went for one million dollars!

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. I plan on becoming a dentist .
2. Today, the artist’s paintings hundreds of dollars.
3. His grandfather is ninety years old.
109
1
1
 Summary

Read the sentences from the reading passage. Paraphrase the sentences
to create a summary of the passage.

1.a. aThe
+ b:first adhesive
After the firststamps were
adhesive introduced
stamps in England
were issued in the in
in England 1800s.
the 1800s, stamp
b. collecting becamebecame a popular hobby, and today it is the most
Stamp collecting
practiced hobby in the world. .

2.c. cSome people who

+ d: People collect stamps
enjoy just for
collecting fun. for fun might focus on stamps
stamps
d. Or maybe they want to collect all the stamps issued by one particular country.
.

3.e. eSuch collectors ask

+ f: Collectors three questions
interested to stamps
in valuable determine if a look
might stamp
forisones
worth
collecting and what ,its value
ones might be.
that , and ones that
f. If, for example, a stamp has a low print run, a popular picture or design, and .
is in excellent condition, this stamp may be worth a lot of money.

Listening

A Great Gift
Listen to the dialog. Check True or False for each sentence.
True False
1. The man’s stamp has a picture of a Hawaiian person on it.

2. There are only sixteen copies of one kind of these stamps in the world.

3. The man’s stamp is only worth about two cents.

1
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

If you could design a stamp for your country, who or what would you put on it? Why?

Do you collect stamps? Do you collect anything else?

What is the most money you would pay for something that you collect?

Grammar
erfect
fect tense is used to express a past action with respect to the present.
cting (was / has been) around for well over 150 years.
e been collecting / were collecting) stamps since adhesive postage stamps were introduced in London in 1840.

Writing

have about 100 coins from over 20 different countries. My favorite coin is from Ireland.

What do you like to collect?

Why do you like to collect this?
How long have you been collecting this? (4) How many do you have? (5) What is your favorite one?

11
1
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. He is a(n) boy in our school. Everyone likes him.
a. famous b. popular c. excellent d. particular

2. This works well. It can stick anything together.

a. stamp b. magazine c. adhesive d. postage

3. “Are you about this class?” “No, I think I did well on the midterm exams.”
a. determined b. excellent c. collected d. concerned

4. The government the tax rate for the country.

a. determines b. introduces c. prints d. practices

5. The government new money each year.

a. issues b. determines c. collects d. practices

6. He likes that restaurant. It has excellent food from Greece.

a. condition b. valuable c. spicy d. ethnic

7. I have no to worry. I have done everything I should.

a. activity b. reason c. test d. information

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. The of that artwork is very high.
a. valuable b. value c. valuing

9. You must go to school for many years before you can medicine.
a. practicing b. practitioner c. practice

10. My sister has a very large of books.

a. collect b. collection c. collector

112
 Ca ’t Beat Them? Join Them!

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. Do you ever watch videos or listen to music on
the Internet?
2. Do you pay money to do this?
3. How can companies make money from this?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

a. way d. closely look at

1. What kind of material did you download?
b. things; information e. public announcements; commercials
2. c. give details
Companies about
use advertising f. sell
to duplicate; something that is the same as the original
products.

3. Let’s try another method to do this.

4. This software can analyze videos on the Internet.

5. I’m going to report this to the police!

6. Do you have a copy of that song?

1
 Can’t Beat Them? Join Them!

M
ovie studios and recording companies are in a constant fight against
piracy. The Internet is the worst culprit. People often upload or watch
pirated material, especially on video-sharing sites. The companies try to
shut down these sites. They even sue the people using this material. Still, it has been
5
of little use thus far. There are just too many people and websites with pirated
materials. As well, these methods are making the studios and companies
unpopular with the public. People are starting to see these companies as greedy.
However, a new kind of software may change the nature of this fight.
Amazingly, it is advertising software that is making a difference. This new
10
software can actually analyze videos on the Internet. When it finds a pirated video
clip, it doesn’t report it. Instead, it just puts an ad at the bottom of the video. This is
an ad for the original source of the
material. For example, it could show a
link to the website of the studio or
15
recording company. Or, it could show
an ad for a product that the
company owns. In this way, each
pirated copy would actually help
make money for the original
company. If you can’t beat
20
them, join them!

Reading Time minutes seconds 208 words

1
constant: continuous 8
2
software: computer programs
piracy: the unauthorized use or 12
source: the maker or creator of something
reproduction of copyrighted material
14
4 link: the connection to another website
sue: to take to court to get money from
16
product: something made for sale
1
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What is the main idea of this reading?
a. How to download pirated materials b. A new way to fight piracy
c. Why using pirated material is wrong d. Companies with a new vision

2. According to the reading, what is a problem with the old methods of fighting piracy?
a. They are too expensive. b. They insert advertisements.
c. They can’t analyze the websites. d. They give companies a bad image.

3. How does the software help the movie studios and recording companies make money?
a. It helps them catch people using pirated material.
b. It makes the pirated material not useful anymore.
c. It uses the pirated material to promote the companies.
d. Other companies buy the software from them.

4. What does the word “clip” mean in line 11?

a. To cut b. A hair accessory
c. To make shorter d. A small part of an original

5. According to the reading, what is true about the new method?

a. It still punishes piracy. b. It makes the companies more money.
c. It is more difficult to use. d. It is similar to the old methods, but more useful.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ the worst culprit [ the biggest offender ]
Many students talk in class, but Kate is the worst culprit.
■ of little use [ not very useful ]
An umbrella is of little use on a sunny day.
■ make a difference [ to bring about a change ]
Reviewing math every night has made a difference. I got a 95
percent on my last test!

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. It takes only one person to .
2. It is to study just five minutes before a test.
3. Richard is of speaking without thinking. He never thinks before he talks.
11
 Summary

Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

advertising original ads piracy suing

There is now a new method being used to fight 1 . Instead of shutting down websites or 2 people, com
Using special software, 4 are put on the bottom of pirated material. This way, the pirated material help
money!

Listening

Can You Believe It?

Listen to the dialog and choose the best answer.
1. Why was a woman sued?
a. She illegally downloaded some videos.
b. She sold some pirated music.
c. She put some movies on the Internet.
d. She shared some music on the Internet.

2. How much does she have to pay?

a. 24 dollars b. 80,000 dollars
c. Two million dollars d. Nothing

3. How does the man feel about this?

a. The amount is unfair. b. The woman should pay more.
c. People are too greedy. d. Sharing music or movies is not piracy.

1
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

1. Have you ever downloaded or watched videos on the Internet?

2. Do you think this is a bad thing to do? Why or why not?

3. What websites do you usually use to do this?

Grammar
Countable Noun and Uncountable Noun
A common noun can be modified by a numeral and has both singular and plural forms.
However, certain nouns cannot be directly modified by a numeral or used in plural
forms.
However, it has been of (few use / little use) thus far.
There are just too (many / much) people and websites with pirated materials.

Writing

the Internet
ies on the Internet at least once a week. I usually watch them on a video- sharing site.

(1) Is watching movies on the Internet bad? (2) Why do you think so? (3) How often do you do this
(4) Where do you watch them?

117
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. I enjoy movies.
a. of little use b. the worst culprit c. all kinds of d. a pair of

2. Her in America helped her to improve her English.

a. advertising b. piracy c. experience d. product

3. There is construction going on outside my house, so there is noise.

a. constant b. amazing c. ordinary d. unpopular

4. He was for five million dollars!

a. sued b. analyzed c. reported d. produced

5. The Internet is a great of information.

a. material b. method c. source d. link

6. Sony is the that Britney Spears is with.

a. software b. website c. movie studio d. recording company

7. The artist was given an award for his contribution to his country’s tradition
of music.
a. constant b. pirated c. fantasy d. valuable

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. We need to more in order to sell more of our product.
a. advertising b. advertise c. advertisement

9. is a crime! Don’t do it.

a. Piracy b. Pirated c. Pirate

10. She has an mind. She is very good at math and science.
a. analyze b. analysis c. analytical

118
 Ri h Dogs

Pre-Reading
Think about the following questions.
1. What do you think the reading is about?
2. What kind of gifts do people give their dogs?
3. When talking about dogs, what do you think a
“mutt” could be?
Vocabulary Preview

Write the letter of the word or phrase with the same meaning as the
underlined word.

a. fix d. a person who will receive power or money

1. When
b. valuable amount of money e. areceived
her father died, she inherited lot of money.
after a person died
c. woman from a high class f. saved from danger or trouble
2. That is the queen’s son. He is her heir.

3. She has lots of money in the bank. She has a small fortune.

4. The dog rescued her from a fire. It saved her life.

5. Many parts of the house are in bad shape. Someone should repair those parts.

6. Her husband is a European count. She is a countess.

1
 Rich Dogs

W
hen wealthy people pass away, they usually leave instructions for what
to do with the money or property that they leave behind. Often, the
money and property go to their heirs. However, in some cases, rich pet
owners leave their wealth to their pets after they die.
5
For example, there is a poodle named Toby. When this poodle’s owner
passed away, she left Toby 15 million pounds (about $25 million). Then there is
Flossie, a yellow Lab mutt, who is not only rich, but is also famous. In 2001,
Flossie made the headlines after she rescued her owner, the actress Drew
Barrymore and Drew’s husband, from a house fire. To thank Flossie, Drew gave
her house to Flossie. Of
10
course, Drew repaired the fire damage first. Now, Flossie is the owner of a beautiful
$3 million home.
It may seem strange for a dog to own such an expensive
home, but Flossie is not the only dog like that. Gunther IV, a
German Shepherd, bought his home from Madonna and
15
paid over $7 million for the house. However, this was
no big deal for him because Gunther IV has about $200
million! This makes him the richest dog in the world.
He inherited the money from his father, who was the
heir to the fortune of a German countess.

Reading Time minutes seconds 220 words

6
pound: money in England; £
2
property: something that a person 7
yellow Lab: a breed of dog with yellow fur
owns
5
poodle: a breed of dog with very curly
hair

1
 7
mutt: a mixed breed of animal
14
German Shepherd: a breed of dog that
is often employed in police or military
roles

1
 Reading Comprehension

Choose the best answer.

1. What could be another title for this reading?
a. ”Taking Care of Your Dog” b. “Homeless Dogs”
c. “Dog Millionaires” d. “Expensive Dogs”

2. Why is Flossie famous?

a. She is a dog in a children’s story. b. She is a German countess.
c. She inherited $5 million. d. She saved Drew Barrymore’s life.

3. What do Flossie and Gunther have in common?

a. Their owners have passed away. b. They are both mutts.
c. They both own a house. d. Their owners are entertainers.

4. The price Gunther IV paid for his house was .

a. low compared to the house’s value b. more than he wanted to pay
c. no problem for him d. the same amount Madonna paid

5. Based on the reading, which of the following is probably true?

a. Gunther IV lives with Madonna. b. Drew Barrymore likes poodles.
c. Drew Barrymore sold Flossie. d. Toby’s owner was British.

Idiomatic Expressions

Find these idioms in the reading.

■ pass away [ to die ]
My grandparents passed away before I was born, so I never
knew them.
■ make headlines [ to become an important news story ]
The singer is old, but he is still making headlines.
■ no big deal [ nothing to worry about; not a problem ]
She lost her keys, but it is no big deal. She has an extra set.

Fill in the blank with one of the above idioms. Change its form if necessary.
1. The vet said our cat in her sleep.
2. Our school’s soccer team last year when we won the national
championship.
3. If you can’t pay me today, it’s . You can pay me tomorrow.

1 1
Summary

Scan the passage and complete the chart with the correct information.

countess fortune inherited

owner pounds rescued

Rich Dogs

Toby Flossie Gunther IV

• Has a 1 • 3 her • Has about $200 million

worth $25 million owner from a fire (his father
(or 15 million 5 the
2 ) • Received a house money from a German
from her 4 6
worth $3 million
• Owns a house worth $7
million

Listening

Flossie to the Rescue

Listen to the dialog and complete each sentence.

1. In order to wake her sleeping owners, Flossie and

.

2. Drew rescued Flossie from .

3. The people at the shelter were going to .

2
 Discussion

Discuss the following questions.

1. Would you leave money to a pet? Why do you think people do that?

2. Do you know of any heroic pets? What did they do?

3. What is a smart animal that you have seen or known?

Grammar
How to Punctuate Subordinating Conjunctions
A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause. When the dependent clause
comes before the main clause, use a comma between the two clauses. When the dependent
clause comes after the main clause, do not separate the two clauses with a comma.
When this poodle’s owner passed (away she / away, she) left Toby about $25 million.
However, this was no big deal for (him, because / him because) Gunther IV has about
$200 million!

Writing
own short paragraph by answering the questions below.
My Cat Betty
etty was very smart. Betty was our family’s pet. Betty knew that I had to wake up at 7
chool. She always meowed at that time until I woke up.

What is a smart animal you know?

When or where did you see this animal? (3) What did this animal know or do? (4) Why did it do thi

123
1 1
 Vocabulary and Idiom Review

A. Choose the best word or phrase to fill in the blank.

1. Did you see the dress the wore to the party? She looked very royal.
a. countess b. German Shepherd c. poodle d. inventor

2. I could not build the bookshelf. The were missing.

a. instructions b. damages c. nutrients d. spices

3. Her new haircut really changed her .

a. reason b. appearance c. fortune d. yellow Lab

4. That boy is the to a fortune. He will get $10 million in the future.
a. heir b. inventor c. father d. owner

5. My bicycle does not work. Can you help me it?

a. determine b. pass away c. repair d. rescue

6. Let me introduce you to my .

a. actress b. fortune c. husband d. mutt

7. When she for the house, I will tell you.

a. pays b. inherits c. thanks d. gets

B. Choose the correct form of the word to fill in the blank.

8. She bought an expensive car. It cost her a .
a. fortune b. fortunate c. fortunately

9. He received the house and a million dollars as his .

a. inheritor b. inherited c. inheritance

10. None of the people from the fire was hurt.

a. rescue b. rescued c. rescuer

124
 Transcripts

Unit 1: The Ice Hotel Unit 3: Hurricane Who?

A Visit to the Ice Hotel A Nice Name for a Hurricane
Listen to the dialog and choose the Listen to the dialog. Check True or
best answer. False for each sentence.
M: So, would you ever stay at the Ice Hotel?
W: Did you hear on the radio? There’s a
W: No way!
hurricane coming!
I think it would be too uncomfortable.
M: All right then, we’d better get ready.
M: I think it sounds like a fantastic
What’s it called?
experience.
W: They’re calling it Hurricane Connie.
W: Maybe, but did you know that there is
M: Why do they choose names like that?
only one bathroom in the Ice Hotel?
It sounds too nice!
M: Are you serious?
W: I think it’s only the first letter that’s
W: That’s right. If you want to go to the
important. It could have been hurricane
bathroom, you have to go to a specially
Catherine or Claire.
designed one in the hotel that all the
M: I know, but I think hurricanes should have
guests share.
strong names.
M: That doesn’t sound very nice. Maybe I
W: Well, maybe that would help people take
wouldn’t want to stay there either, but
them seriously. What name would you
how about just visiting the ice art gallery?
choose?
W: Yes, that would be interesting.
M: I think Conan would be good.

Unit 2: Food Firsts

Unit 4: How Did Those Get in There?
The First Sandwich
Another Reason for Butterflies
Listen to the dialog and complete each
Listen to the dialog and choose the
sentence.
best answer.
M: What are you doing, Janet?
M: I heard that a different chemical than
W: Just surfing the Internet, Mike. Did you
cortisol causes butterflies in the stomach.
know that there’s a place in England
W: What chemical did you hear causes them?
called Sandwich?
M: I read somewhere that the same chemical
M: Really? Is that where sandwiches came
that makes you feel stronger when you’re
from?
excited causes butterflies.
W: Hmm, let me check. No, it says here that
W: Is the process related to that other
sandwiches came from England, but not
chemical very different from cortisol
from that town. They were created by
shutting down the stomach?
Lord Montagu, the Earl of Sandwich.
M: Not really. The chemical I heard about
M: So, did he live in Sandwich?
causes more blood to go to your muscles
W: No, he just had that name.
instead of to your stomach. It’s the
M: How did he create them?
reduced amount of blood going to the
W: Well, it says that he asked for some meat
stomach that makes the stomach shut
to be served between some bread. He
down.
didn’t want to stop gambling to eat.
W: Well, I guess the result is the same in the
end. The butterflies come from something
shutting down the stomach.

Transcripts
 Unit 5: A Bug’s Sleep
Facts About the Weta M: The information I read said that on the
HappyNews website, you will find stories
Listen to the dialog and complete each from other news media sources. The stories
sentence. are just read by the editors who work for
W: I was reading about insects on the HappyNews first to make sure they are OK
Internet the other day. for the website.
M: Did you find out anything interesting? W: So, they just look for happy stories from
W: I sure did! Did you know that there is a other news sources and collect those on
bug that lives high in the mountains? It their website?
freezes solid every night and thaws every M: That’s right. Also, they may post stories
morning, and lives! from regular people, as long as the stories
M: Wow! That’s amazing! What is this insect are written like news reports.
called? W: So, I could write a story for HappyNews?
W: It is the New Zealand weta. M: You could, but be sure to provide sources
M: Oh, I think I’ve heard of it. Is it related to for the information in your story. The
the cricket? editors at HappyNews have to check your
W: Yes! How did you know that? facts before they’ll post your story.
M: I learned about them in my biology class.

Unit 8: The Wright Way to Fly

Unit 6: Tiger’s Tale Did You Know That?
I Like to Watch Tiger Listen to the dialog and complete each
Listen to the dialog. Check True or sentence.
False for each sentence. W: Which brother flew in the Wright Flyer?
M: Do you like golf? M: The older brother did.
W: Not really, but I like to watch Tiger Woods W: Do you have any idea how far he actually
play. flew?
M: What do you like about him? M: Not very far. Only 51 meters.
W: Well, he is young, handsome, and rich! W: I’m not good with meters. How far is that?
M: You’re right, he is rich. He has won M: Have you ever been in a big airplane? 51
millions of dollars playing golf. meters is about the distance from the front
W: What do you think he does with all of his of the plane to the back of the plane.
money?
M: I think he gives some of it to charity.
W: So, he is a nice person, as well as Unit 9: Don’t Trust Me!
handsome and rich! Got Her!
Listen to the dialog. Check True or
False for each sentence.
Unit 7: Not the Normal News
Sources of the News W: Did you hear about Paris Hilton?
M: No, why do you ask?
Listen to the dialog and choose the W: Someone hacked into her phone.
best answer. M: Hacked into her phone? Is that possible?
W: Where do you think HappyNews gets all of W: Yes, they got her password and ID. They
the information it reports on? stole photos, email addresses, and phone
numbers from her phone.
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M: Wow, how did they get her password and

ID?
Unit 12: Borrowed Words
W: She gave it to them. She thought they Not Really English
worked for the phone company, so she Listen to the dialog. Check True or
just told it to them. False for each sentence.
M: Can you speak any other languages?
W: Well, I know some African words.
Unit 10: Bugs for Sale M: What are they?
The Beetle Machine W: Cola and zombie.
Listen to the dialog and choose the M: Get out! Those are both English words. I
best answer. know that Coca-Cola was first made in the
US. And every horror movie has zombies
M: Hey! Look what they’re selling in that
in it!
machine!
W: No, really. These words were originally
W: Are those beetles?
borrowed from Africa. In fact, Coca-Cola
M: Yes! I think I’m going to get some to keep
was originally made from the kola nut,
as pets.
which came from Africa.
W: But they are $4 for a pair of them. Do you
M: Is that right? What about zombie?
want to pay that much?
W: Zombie originally was the name of a snake
M: That’s cheap compared to some beetles. I
god. People would eat special plants to
heard that there was a pair of rare giant
celebrate the god. Then they became like
stag beetles for sale in Tokyo for $50,000!
a “zombie.”
W: What? Who would pay that much?
M: Who knows? I’d be afraid someone would
try to steal them.
W: I’d be afraid they would die immediately!
Unit 13: Growing Deserts
The Wall of Trees
Listen to the dialog and choose the
Unit 11: Mona Who? best answer.
Another Painting W: Growing deserts are a serious problem.
Listen to the dialog and complete each M: I know. I heard that China is very
sentence. concerned about its growing deserts.
W: Yes. The Chinese are building a wall of
M: You’ve heard of the Mona Lisa, right?
trees in the northwest to stop the Gobi
W: Of course I have. It’s that famous painting
Desert from moving toward Beijing. They
by Leonardo da Vinci.
are going to call it the “Green Wall,” and it
M: And have you heard of The Last Supper?
will be even longer than the Great Wall.
W: The Last Supper? Is that the name of a
M: How long will it be?
book?
W: I heard it will be 5,700 kilometers long.
M: Actually, it’s the name of another famous
M: Let’s hope it’s successful. Maybe other
painting. It’s the picture of a scene from
countries will build Green Walls!
the Bible.
W: Oh, really? And Leonardo da Vinci also
painted this one?
M: That’s right.

Transcripts
 Unit 14: The Importance of Water
If You Don’t Like Water M: I don’t think so. My friend, who is
American, says that some people in his
Listen to the dialog and complete each country believe that if a cat eats grass, it
sentence. will rain.
W: Most scientists say we should drink at
least 1,600 milliliters of water each day.
That’s about six-and-a-half glasses. Unit 16: A Fantastic Mind
M: I don’t really like to drink plain water. Not Just for Kids
Water is boring.
W: No problem. Fruit juice, milk, and herbal
Listen to the dialog and choose the
tea all contain lots of water.
best answer.
M: And that will be enough water for my M: What are you going to do tonight?
body? W: I don’t know. I am kind of bored.
W: Well, it isn’t necessary to drink all the M: Would you like to go see a movie? There is
water we need. We get water from fruits a terrific animated movie at the theater.
and vegetables, too. You take in water W: Animation? You mean like a cartoon? Isn’t
when you eat salad or watermelon. that just for children?
M: What happens if I drink too much water? M: Not at all. Many adults also enjoy animation,
W: That’s hard to do. When you go to the just like children do.
bathroom, you eliminate the extra water W: Well, I suppose I could go and see if I like
your body doesn’t need. it.
M: That’s good to know. I was worried that I M: Great. The movie starts at eight p.m.
might damage my kidneys. Should I pick you up?
W: OK. That would be very nice. I’ll see you at
7:30.
Unit 15: Animal Forecasters
Cat Predictions
Unit 17: Seeing Red
Listen to the dialog. Check True or A Problem at Work
False for each sentence.
M: My cat is sneezing. I think it will rain
Listen to the dialog and complete each
tomorrow. sentence.
W: Why do you think so, Jamie? There is not M: I had a strange day at work.
even one cloud in the sky. W: Why, what was the problem?
M: Well, my grandmother told me that cats M: Well, my boss was wearing a pink and
can predict the weather. She was from white suit.
Scotland. Many Scots believe that if a cat W: A pink and white suit? That is a little
sneezes, it will rain soon. strange. Why did he wear it?
W: Really? What else did she say? M: I don’t know, maybe he likes those colors.
M: Well, she said that the English people had But it made me feel nervous.
a little rhyme. If a cat washes her face W: So you think men shouldn’t wear bright-
over her ear, the weather will be fine and colored clothes?
clear. M: They can if they want, but I think a boss
W: So only people from Europe believe cats should wear dark colors! Pink and white
can predict the weather? seem too soft and weak.
W: Maybe you should tell him that.

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Unit 18: Worth Collecting Unit 20: Rich Dogs

A Great Gift Flossie to the Rescue
Listen to the dialog. Check True or Listen to the dialog and complete each
False for each sentence. sentence.
M: My grandfather just gave me an old stamp.
M: How did Flossie rescue Drew and her
It’s called a Hawaiian Missionary. Let’s
husband?
look on the Internet and see how much
W: Well, the fire started at about 3 a.m., so
it’s worth!
they were sleeping. Flossie barked and
W: Why does it have such a strange name,
scratched on their bedroom door to wake
John?
them up.
M: These stamps were first used by Christian
M: Wow, she’s a smart dog. You know, I heard
missionaries living in Hawaii. They used
that Drew rescued Flossie first.
the stamps to send letters back to the
W: From the fire?
United States.
M: No, before that. Drew got Flossie from an
W: This Internet site says that the rarest
animal shelter. The people at the shelter
Hawaiian Missionary stamp is the two-
were going to put her to sleep, and Drew
cent stamp. Only sixteen copies of that
saved her.
stamp still exist! Which one do you have?
W: Really? Well, you know what they say.
M: I don’t know. Let’s look! Yes, it is the
M: Yeah. What goes around, comes around.
two-cent stamp!
W: Maybe we should go to the shelter and get
W: John, this stamp website says that your
a dog, just in case.
stamp is worth about $760,000!
M: Wow!

Unit 19: Can’t Beat Them? Join

Them!
Can You Believe It?
Listen to the dialog and choose the
best answer.
W: Did you see this?
M: What?
W: A woman was sued because she illegally
shared some music on the Internet.
M: Well, that is piracy, you know.
W: Sure, but she only shared 24 songs.
M: How much was she sued for?
W: Almost two million dollars!
M: Two million dollars?
W: Yes. That’s about $80,000 per song.
M: Wow! That does seem ridiculous.

Transcripts