A. M.
NAIK SCHOOL, (ICSE)
POWAI, MUMBAI
HISTORY AND CIVICS
NOTES
10. FIRST WORLD WAR
(1914 -1919)
FOUGHT BETWEEN.
Allied Powers Central Powers
(France, England, and Russia) (Germany, Austria–Hungary).
USA, Japan, Turkey, and India joined the war later.
CAUSES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Nationalism and Imperialism
Race for Armaments – The Franco-Prussian War (1870) was one of the reasons which
led to the First World War.
Division of Europe into Two Hostile Groups
Before 1914
Triple Alliance Triple Entente
(Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) (England, Russia, France, Japan)
IMMEDIATE CAUSE: SARAJEVO CRISIS
Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria – Hungary was assassinated at
Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia by a secret society called ‘Black Hand’ or ‘Union of Death.’
After 1914
Allied Powers Central Powers
(Britain, France, Russia, and their allies) (Germany, Austria Hungry and their allies)
RESULTS OF THE WAR
The Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) – The basis of the treaty’s negotiations was the
American President Wilson’s Fourteen Points)
Territorial Rearrangements – Austria and Hungary became separate independent
States. Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia emerged as independent States.
FORMATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Two major countries – Germany and the Soviet Union – were not allowed to become
members for many years.
While India, which was not independent, was made a member.
The United States which had played an important part in the setting up of the League
ultimately decided not to join it.
