Imre Kertész

Imre Kertész (Hungarian: [ˈimrɛ ˈkɛrteːs]; 9 November

1929 – 31 March 2016) was a Hungarian author and Imre Kertész
recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature, "for
writing that upholds the fragile experience of the
individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of
history".[4] He was the first Hungarian to win the
Nobel in Literature. His works deal with themes of the
Holocaust (he was a survivor of German concentration
and death camps), dictatorship, and personal
freedom.[2]

Life and work

Kertész was born in Budapest, Hungary, on 9 Imre Kertész photographed by Oliver Mark,
November 1929, the son of Aranka Jakab and László Berlin 2005
Kertész,[5] a middle-class Jewish couple. After his Born 9 November 1929
parents separated when he was around the age of five, Budapest, Hungary
Kertész attended a boarding school, and, in 1940, he Died 31 March 2016 (aged 86)
started secondary school where he was put into a Budapest, Hungary
special class for Jewish students.[6] During World War
Occupation Novelist
II, Kertész was deported in 1944 at the age of 14 with
Nationality Hungarian[1]
other Hungarian Jews to the Auschwitz concentration
camp, and was later sent to Buchenwald.[7] Upon his Notable works Fatelessness
arrival at Auschwitz, Kertész claimed to be a 16-year- Kaddish for an Unborn
Child
old worker, thus saving him from the instant
Liquidation
extermination that awaited a 14-year-old person.[8]
After his camp was liberated in 1945, Kertész returned Notable awards Nobel Prize in Literature
2002
to Budapest,[9] graduated from high school in 1948,[10]
and then went on to find work as a journalist and Spouse Albina Vas
translator. In 1951, he lost his job at the journal (d. 1995)
Magda Ambrus
Világosság (Clarity), after the publication started ​
​(m. 1996)​[2][3] (d. 2016)
leaning towards Communism.[9] For a short term, he
worked as a factory worker, and then in the press
department of the Ministry of Heavy Industry.[3] From 1953, he started freelance journalism and
translated various works into Hungarian, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Ludwig
Wittgenstein, and Elias Canetti.[2]

His best-known work, Fatelessness (Sorstalanság), describes the experience of 15-year-old György
(George) Köves in the concentration camps of Auschwitz, Buchenwald, and Zeitz. Written between 1969
and 1973, the novel was initially rejected for publication by the Communist regime in Hungary, but was
published in 1975.[2] Some have interpreted the book as quasi-autobiographical, but the author disavows
a strong biographical connection. The book would go on to become part of many high school curriculums
in Hungary.[2] In 2005, a film based on the novel, for which he wrote the script, was made in Hungary.[11]
Although sharing the same title, some reviews noted that the film was more autobiographical than the
novel on which it was based. It was released internationally at various dates in 2005 and 2006.

Following on from Fatelessness, Kertész's Fiasco (1988) and Kaddish for an Unborn Child (1990) are,
respectively, the second and third parts of his Holocaust trilogy.[9] His writings translated into English
include Kaddish for an Unborn Child (Kaddis a meg nem született gyermekért) and Liquidation
(Felszámolás), the latter set during the period of Hungary's evolution into a democracy from communist
rule.[2]

From the beginning, Kertész found little appreciation for his writing in Hungary,[7] and he moved to
Germany, where he received more active support from publishers and reviewers, along with more
appreciative readers. After his move, he continued translating German works into Hungarian,[7] notably
The Birth of Tragedy, the plays of Dürrenmatt, Schnitzler, and Tankred Dorst, and various thoughts and
aphorisms of Wittgenstein. Kertész also continued working at his craft, writing his fiction in Hungarian,
but did not publish another novel until the late 1980s.[11] From that point on, he submitted his work to
publishers in Hungary. Grateful that he had found his most significant success as a writer and artist in
Germany, Kertész left his abatement to the Academy of Arts in Berlin.[6]

In November 2013, Kertész underwent successful surgery on his right hip, after falling down in his
home.[12] However, he continued to deal with various health concerns during the last few years of his life.
He was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, and was again suffering from depression, reported to have
been a recurring battle in his life. In fact, Kertész had struggled with this same issue in his writing, as the
main character of his 2003 book Felszámolás (Liquidation) commits suicide after struggling with
depression.[3]

Kertész died on 31 March 2016, at the age of 86, at his home in Budapest, after suffering from
Parkinson's for several years.[13][3]

Controversy
Kertész was a controversial figure within Hungary, especially since being Hungary's first, and only,
Nobel Laureate in Literature, he still lived in Germany. This tension was exacerbated by a 2009 interview
with Die Welt, in which Kertész vowed himself a "Berliner" and called Budapest "completely
balkanized".[14][15] Many Hungarian newspapers reacted negatively to this statement, claiming it to be
hypocritical. Other critics viewed the Budapest comment ironically, saying it represented "a grudge
policy that is painfully and unmistakably, characteristically Hungarian".[16] Kertész later clarified in a
Duna TV interview that he had intended his comment to be "constructive", and called Hungary "his
homeland".[16]

Also controversial was Kertész's criticism of Steven Spielberg's depiction of the Holocaust in the 1993
film Schindler's List as "kitsch", saying: "I regard as kitsch any representation of the Holocaust that is
incapable of understanding or unwilling to understand the organic connection between our own deformed
mode of life (whether in the private sphere or on the level of 'civilization' as such) and the very possibility
of the Holocaust."[17]
In November 2014, Kertész was the subject of an interview with
The New York Times. Kertész claimed the reporter was expecting
him to question Hungary's democratic values and was shocked to
hear Kertész say that "the situation in Hungary is nice, I'm having
a great time". According to Kertész, "he didn't like my answer. His
purpose must have been to make me call Hungary a dictatorship
which it isn't. In the end, the interview was never published."[18]

List of works
Sorstalanság (1975)[19] Kertesz in the Bavarian Villa
Waldberta (1992)
Fateless, translated by Christopher C. Wilson and
Katharina M. Wilson (1992). Evanston, Illinois:
Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-1049-6 and ISBN 978-0-8101-1024-3
Fatelessness, translated by Tim Wilkinson (2004). New York: Vintage International.
ISBN 978-1-4000-7863-9
A nyomkereső (1977)[19]
The Pathseeker, translated by Tim Wilkinson (2008). Brooklyn, New York: Melville
House Publishing. ISBN 978-1-933633-53-4
Detektívtörténet (1977)[19]
Detective Story, translated by Tim Wilkinson (2008). London: Harvill Secker. ISBN 978-
1-84655-183-3
A kudarc (1988)[19]
Fiasco, translated by Tim Wilkinson (2011). Brooklyn, New York: Melville House
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-935554-29-5
Kaddis a meg nem született gyermekért (1990)[19]
Kaddish for a Child Not Born, translated by Christopher C. Wilson and Katharina M.
Wilson (1997). Evanston, Illinois: Hydra Books. ISBN 978-0-8101-1161-5
Kaddish for an Unborn Child, translated by Tim Wilkinson (2004), New York: Vintage
International. ISBN 978-1-4000-7862-2
Az angol lobogó (1991)[19]
The Union Jack, translated by Tim Wilkinson (2010). Brooklyn, New York: Melville House
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-933633-87-9
Gályanapló (1992)[19]
A holocaust mint kultúra: Három előadás (1993)[19]
Jegyzőkönyv (1993)[19]
Valaki más: A változás krónikája (1997)[19]
A gondolatnyi csend, amíg a kivégzőosztag újratölt (1998)[19]
A száműzött nyelv (2001)[19]
Felszámolás (2003)[19]
Liquidation, translated by Tim Wilkinson (2004). New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-1-4000-
4153-4
 K. dosszié (2006)
Dossier K, translated by Tim Wilkinson (2013). Brooklyn, New York: Melville House
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61219-202-4
Európa nyomasztó öröksége (2008)[20]
Mentés másként (2011)[21]
A végső kocsma, The Final Tavern, also published as The Last Refuge (2014)[3]

Awards and honors

International prizes
1992, 1995: Soros Prize[22]
1995: Brandenburg Literature Prize[23]
1997: Friedrich-Gundolf-Preis[23][3][24]
1997: Jeanette Schocken Preis [25]
2000: Herder Prize[26]
2000: Welt-Literaturpreis[26][27]
2001: Pour le Mérite (Germany)[23]
2002: Hans Sahl Prize[4]
2002: Nobel Prize in Literature[4]
2003: YIVO Lifetime Achievement Award[28]
2004: Corine Literature Prize[29]
2004: Goethe Medal[3]
2009: Jean Améry Prize[30]
2011: Grande Médaille de Vermeil de la ville de Paris[31]

Hungarian prizes
1983: Milán Füst Prize[22]
1986: Hieronymus Prize
1988: Artisjus Literature Prize[22]
1989: Aszu Prize[25]
1989: Attila József Prize[22][32]
1997: Kossuth Prize[22][32]
2002: Honorary Citizen of Budapest[32]
2014: Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen[32][33]

See also
Hungarian literature
 List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References
1. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002" (https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2002/kerte
sz/biographical/).
2. Pablo Gorondi (31 March 2016). "Nobel literature laureate Imre Kertesz dies at 86" (http://w
ww.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nobel-literature-laureate-imre-kertesz-dies-at-86/).
Associated Press. Retrieved 31 March 2016 – via The Seattle Times.
3. George Gomori (31 March 2016). "Imre Kertész obituary" (https://www.theguardian.com/worl
d/2016/mar/31/imre-kertesz-obituary). The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
4. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002 – Imre Kertész" (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/litera
ture/laureates/2002/press.html). Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 9 February 2008.
5. Hermann, Péter; Pásztor, Antal (1994). Magyar és nemzetközi ki kicsoda, 1994 (https://book
s.google.com/books?id=B6JmAAAAMAAJ&q=Aranka+Jakab+Laszlo+Kert%C3%A9sz) (in
Hungarian). Biográf. ISBN 978-963-7943-27-0. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
6. "Literaturnobelpreisträger Kertész gestorben: Der Retter seiner Seele" (https://www.tagessc
hau.de/kultur/kertesz-gestorben-103.html) (in German). Tagesschau. 31 March 2016.
Retrieved 31 March 2016.
7. "Imre Kertész" (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9395919/Imre-Kertesz). Encyclopædia
Britannica. Retrieved 9 February 2008.
8. Kandell, Jonathan (31 March 2016). "Imre Kertesz, Nobel Laureate Who Survived
Holocaust, Dies at 86" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/world/europe/imre-kertesz-die
s.html). The New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
9. "Imre Kertész, Holocaust survivor and Nobel laureate, dies at 86" (https://www.theguardian.
com/world/2016/mar/31/imre-kertesz-holocaust-survivor-nobel-laureate-novelist-dies). The
Guardian. 31 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
10. "Elhunyt Kertész Imre" (http://mandiner.hu/cikk/20160331_elhunyt_kertesz_imre) [Imre
Kertész has died]. Mandiner (in Hungarian). 31 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
11. Riding, Alan (3 January 2006). "The Holocaust, From a Teenage View" (https://www.nytime
s.com/2006/01/03/movies/MoviesFeatures/03fate.html). The New York Times. Retrieved
8 February 2008.
12. "Kertész undergoes surgery" (http://www.politics.hu/20131122/kertesz-undergoes-surgery/).
Politics.hu. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
13. "Imre Kertész gestorben" (https://www.tagesschau.de/kultur/kertesz-gestorben-101.html) (in
German). Tagesschau. 31 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
14. "Kertészkedés" (http://hangorienidiocc.blog.hu/2009/11/08/kerteszkedes_5).
Hángörienidiocc. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
15. Krause, Tilman (7 November 2009). "Ich schreibe keine Holocaust-Literatur, ich schreibe
Romane" (https://www.welt.de/welt_print/kultur/literatur/article5116030/Ich-schreibe-keine-H
olocaust-Literatur-ich-schreibe-Romane.html). Die Welt (in German). Retrieved 31 March
2016.
16. "Kertész birthday interview causes controversy" (http://www.hlo.hu/news/kertesz_birthday_i
nterview_causes_controversy). Hungarian Literature Online. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
17. Kertész, Imre (2001). "Who Owns Auschwitz?" (https://waukeshatemple.org/wp-content/uplo
ads/sites/104/2020/10/Kertesz-Who-Owns-Auschwitz.pdf) (PDF). The Yale Journal of
Criticism. 14. Translated by John MacKay. The Johns Hopkins University Press (published 1
April 2001): 270. doi:10.1353/yale.2001.0010 (https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fyale.2001.0010).
ISSN 1080-6636 (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1080-6636). S2CID 145532698 (https://ap
i.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145532698). Retrieved 12 December 2021. {{cite
journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
18. "Elhallgatta a New York Times Kertész Imre véleményét" (http://mandiner.hu/cikk/20141111
_elhallgatta_a_new_york_times_kertesz_imre_velemenyet) [The New York Times has kept
back the opinion of Imre Kertész]. Mandiner (in Hungarian). 11 November 2014. Retrieved
11 November 2014.
19. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2002 – Bio-bibliography" (https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_pr
izes/literature/laureates/2002/bio-bibl.html). www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
20. Földényi F., László (5 March 2009). "Kibújni a darócból – Kertész Imre: Európa nyomasztó
öröksége" (http://magyarnarancs.hu/konyv/kibujni_a_darocbol_-_kertesz_imre_europa_nyo
maszto_oroksege-70895). Magyar Narancs (in Hungarian). No. 10. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
21. Weiner Sennyey, Tibor (20 October 2011). "Nemzetkritika másként – Kertész Imre "Mentés
másként" című könyvének bemutatója a PIMben" (http://www.irodalmijelen.hu/05242013-15
18/nemzetkritika-maskent-kertesz-imre-mentes-maskent-cimu-konyvenek-bemutatoja-pimb
en). Irodalmi Jelen (in Hungarian). Retrieved 1 April 2016.
22. Louise Olga Vasvári; Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek (2005). Imre Kertész and Holocaust
Literature (https://books.google.com/books?id=dMRoihRs7KEC&pg=PA272). Purdue
University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-55753-396-8.
23. Michelle Pauli (10 October 2002). "Holocaust writer wins Nobel Prize" (https://www.theguard
ian.com/books/2002/oct/10/nobelprize.awardsandprizes). The Guardian. Retrieved
31 March 2016.
24. "Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung – Awards – Friedrich-Gundolf-Preis – Imre
Kertész" (http://www.deutscheakademie.de/en/awards/friedrich-gundolf-preis/imre-kertesz).
www.deutscheakademie.de. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
25. Jeanette Schocken Preis (http://www.jeanette-schocken-preis.de/preistraeger/1997-imre-ker
tesz/). (in German) jeanette-schocken-preis.de
26. "Meghalt Kertész Imre" (http://index.hu/kultur/2016/03/31/meghalt_kertesz_imre/) [Imre
Kertész has died]. Index (in Hungarian). 31 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
27. "WELT-Literaturpreis an Imre Kertész in Berlin verliehen" (https://web.archive.org/web/2014
0326072503/http://www.buchmarkt.de/content/1197-welt-literaturpreis-an-imre-kert-sz-in-ber
lin-verliehen.htm?hilite=-Diogenes-). Buch Markt (in German). 10 November 2000. Archived
from the original (http://www.buchmarkt.de/content/1197-welt-literaturpreis-an-imre-kert-sz-i
n-berlin-verliehen.htm?hilite=-Diogenes-) on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
28. Kertész and Safdie honored (https://www.yivo.org/cimages/yedies196.pdf). YIVO News.
Summer 2003. No. 196, page 4.
29. Die Preisträger (http://www.corine.de/chronik/index.php) Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20131029201013/http://www.corine.de/chronik/index.php) 29 October 2013 at the
Wayback Machine. (in German) www.corine.de
30. "Imre Kertész was awarded the Jean Améry Prize" (http://www.hlo.hu/news/imre_kertesz_w
as_awarded_the_jean_amery_prize). HLO. 8 July 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
31. "La Grande médaille Vermeil de la Ville de Paris à Imre Kertész" (https://www.actualitte.com/
article/culture-arts-lettres/la-grande-medaille-vermeil-de-la-ville-de-paris-a-imre-kertesz/252
33). www.actualitte.com (in French). Retrieved 31 March 2016.
32. "Meghalt Kertész Imre" (http://www.hirado.hu/2016/03/31/meghalt-kertesz-imre/) [Imre
Kertész has died]. Hirado.hu (in Hungarian). 31 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
33. "Szent István Renddel tüntették ki Kertész Imrét és Rubik Ernőt" (http://www.kormany.hu/hu/
hirek/szent-istvan-renddel-tuntettek-ki-kertesz-imret-es-rubik-ernot) [Imre Kertész and Ernő
Rubik have been awarded the Order of Saint Stephen]. 20 August 2014. Retrieved
31 March 2016.

Further reading
Molnár, Sára. "Nobel in Literature 2002 Imre Kertész's Aesthetics of the Holocaust (https://d
ocs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol5/iss1/5/)" CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 5.1
(2003)
Tötösy de Zepetnek, Steven. "And the 2002 Nobel Prize for Literature Goes to Imre Kertész,
Jew and Hungarian (https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol5/iss1/6/)" CLCWeb: Comparative
Literature and Culture 5.1 (2003)
Tötösy de Zepetnek, Steven. "Imre Kertész's Nobel Prize, Public Discourse, and the Media
(http://clcwebjournal.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb05-4/totosy05.html)" CLCWeb: Comparative
Literature and Culture 7.4 (2005)
Vasvári, Louise O., and Tötösy de Zepetnek, Steven, eds. Imre Kertész and Holocaust
Literature. West Lafayette: Purdue UP, 2005. ISBN 978-1-55753-396-8
Vasvári, Louise O., and Tötösy de Zepetnek, Steven, eds. Comparative Central European
Holocaust Studies. West Lafayette: Purdue UP, 2009. ISBN 978-1-55753-526-9

External links
Imre Kertész (https://nobel.bh.org.il/en/persona/imre-kertesz/), Nobel Luminaries – Jewish
Nobel Prize Winners, on the Beit Hatfutsot-The Museum of the Jewish People (https://www.
bh.org.il/) Website.
The Last Word – an interview with Kertész (http://isurvived.org/KerteszINTERVIEW.html)
from Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project: "Forget You Not"
Luisa Zielinski (Summer 2013). "Imre Kertész, The Art of Fiction No. 220" (http://www.thepar
isreview.org/interviews/6235/the-art-of-fiction-no-220-imre-kertesz). The Paris Review.
Summer 2013 (205).
Imre Kertész—Nobel Lecture (http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/2002/kertesz-lecture.
html)
List of Works (http://noblib.internet-box.ch/NLEW.php?authorid=99)
B.-ing There (https://web.archive.org/web/20051215122511/http://www.villagevoice.com/boo
ks/0451%2Cehrenreich%2C59387%2C10.html), a review of the novel Liquidation by Ben
Ehrenreich, Village Voice, 20 December 2004
Haaretz article on Kertész (http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/in-new-memoir-hu
ngarian-holocaust-survivor-remains-a-voice-of-dissent.premium-1.531230)
2011 Interview on "Self-imposed exile and writing (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl7eF
s755Ak)" with Swedish publisher Svante Weyler.
Imre Kertész (https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/761) on Nobelprize.org including the
Nobel Lecture 7 December 2002

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imre_Kertész&oldid=1257310116"