NAME : Tanmay Jadhav
ROLL NO : 304A014
CASE STUDY ON BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATIONS
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) Machines:
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is done to check the heartbeat. It shows how fast or
how slow the heart is beating. ECG test results can help your care team diagnose:
1. Irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias.
2. A previous heart attack.
3. The cause of chest pain. For example, it may show signs of blocked or narrowed heart
arteries.
4. An ECG also may be done to learn how well a pacemaker and heart disease
treatments are working.
2. Electroencephalogram (EEG) Machines:
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that measures electrical activity in the brain. This test
also is called an EEG. The test uses small, metal discs called electrodes that attach to the
scalp. Brain cells communicate via electrical impulses, and this activity shows up as wavy lines
on an EEG recording. Brain cells are active all the time, even during sleep. An EEG is one of
the main tests to help diagnose epilepsy. An EEG also can play a role in diagnosing other brain
conditions.
3. Infusion Pumps:
Electromyography (EMG) is an electro-diagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and
recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. The EMG is performed using
an instrument called an electromyograph to produce a record called an electromyogram. An
electromyograph detects the electrical nerve signals (potentials) generated by muscle cells
when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated.
4. Blood Pressure Monitors:
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a method to measure your blood pressure on a
continuous basis for 24 hours. Your blood pressure is measured even as you sleep. The
ongoing data helps your healthcare provider get a more accurate picture of your blood
pressure numbers. The results can confirm a high blood pressure diagnosis and guide
treatment. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring takes dozens of readings over a
continuous period. In most cases, the device records readings every 15 to 30 minutes during
the day and every 60 minutes at night. The device also measures your heart rate (how fast
your heart is beating).
5. Pulse Oximeters:
Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive test that measures the oxygen saturation level of your
blood. It can rapidly detect even small changes in oxygen levels. These levels show how
efficiently blood is carrying oxygen to the extremities furthest from your heart, including
your arms and legs. The pulse oximeter is a small, clip-like device. It attaches to a body
part, most commonly to a finger. Medical professionals often use them in critical care
settings like emergency rooms or hospitals. Some doctors, such as pulmonologists, may
use them in office settings. You can even use one at home.
6. Ventilators:
Mechanical ventilators are mainly used in hospitals and in transport systems such as
ambulances and MEDEVAC air transport etc. In some cases, they can be used at
home, if the illness is long term and the caregivers at home receive training and have
adequate nursing and other resources in the home. Being on a ventilator may make
you more susceptible to pneumonia, damage to your vocal cords, or other risks or
problems.
7. Infusion Pumps:
An external infusion pump is a medical device used to deliver fluids into a patient’s
body in a controlled manner. There are many different types of infusion pumps,
which are used for a variety of purposes and in a variety of environments. Infusion
pumps may be capable of delivering fluids in large or small amounts, and may be
used to deliver nutrients or medications – such as insulin or other hormones,
antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and pain relievers.
8. X-ray Machines:
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to visible light. Unlike light,
however, x-rays have higher energy and can pass through most objects, including the
body. Medical x-rays are used to generate images of tissues and structures inside the
body. If x-rays traveling through the body also pass through an x-ray detector on the
other side of the patient, an image will be formed that represents the “shadows”
formed by the objects inside of the body. One type of x-ray detector is photographic
film, but there are many other types of detectors that are used to produce digital
images. The x-ray images that result from this process are called radiographs.
9. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Machines:
Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is a noninvasive medical imaging test that
produces detailed images of almost every internal structure in the human body,
including the organs, bones, muscles and blood vessels. MRI scanners create images
of the body using a large magnet and radio waves.
10. Computed Tomography (CT) Scanners:
CT scans can be used to identify disease or injury within various regions of the body.
For example, CT has become a useful screening tool for detecting possible tumors or
lesions within the abdomen. A CT scan of the heart may be ordered when various
types of heart disease or abnormalities are suspected. CT can also be used to image
the head in order to locate injuries, tumors, clots leading to stroke, hemorrhage, and
other conditions. It can image the lungs in order to reveal the presence of tumors,
pulmonary embolisms (blood clots), excess fluid, and other conditions such as
emphysema or pneumonia.
Experiment Output
SCREENSHOT OF EXPERIMENT OUPUT
NAME : Yash Ramdas Virkhare
ROLL NO.: 304C022
5 V POWER SUPPLY
