KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
INS CHILKA
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
TOPIC: COVID-19 PANDEMIC
INVESTIGATED BY:
NAME: Ayush Kumar Parida
BOARD ROLL NO. : 12649898
CLASS: XII SC
GUIDED BY:
Dr. Ritarani Panigrahy (PGT BIOLOGY)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Biology Investigatory Project on the
topie COVID-19 Pandemic has been successfully completed by Ayush
Kumar Parida of class XII Science under the guidance of
Dr. Ritarani Panigrahy in partial fulfil lment of the curriculum of
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) leading to the award
of annual examination of the year 2021-22.
Sign of External Sign of Internal
Sign of Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Iwould like to convey my sincere gratitude of almighty god. It is
my utmost pleasure to express deep sense of gratitude towards Dr.
Ritarani Panigrahy my Biology teacher, who directed me to complete
this project successful l y. Her valuable guidance, support and
supervision are considerably respons ible for bringing this project
attain its project form.
I also wish to acknowledge my heart felt thanks to my principal
Sri. Dibakara Bhoi for provi ding all the facility required to
complete this project.
A special thanks to my parent for giving encouragement, enthus iasm
and invaluable assistance to me. Without all this, I might not be
able to complete this project.
And Thanks to my dear friends who helped me to complete this
project in time.
Sign of Student
INDEX
1. Cert ificate
2. Acknowl edgement
3. Introduction to COVID-19
4. History: Infection of corona viruses
How it spreads
6. Incubat ion period
7. Diagnosis
8. Symptoms
9. Treatments
10 Prevent ion
11 Facts about COVID-19
12. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION T0
COVID-19
Coronvirus
Corona- "Crown'in atin
Order NIDOVRALES Medumset virses
Eneloped
Famly Coronaviidoe ostesee sngie tranded
RNA Viruses
Genus ery large viral RNA gename
Ajiha Beta Ganma Deta
Corgnavirses Cornavs Coronaviruses Cororarues
7Coronavinuses Caae Dsee in umars
Muman Cgronayrus (HCoV)
Hosts, Reservoirs and Infected
Animals
" Infect birds and mammals
" Bats are hosts to the largest number of viral genotypes of
coronavirus
" Epidemics can occur when viruses transmit from one spec ies to
another
Can cause mutat ions in proteins that allow viruses to bind to cells
Humans
Human coronaviruses are causes of respiratory and
gastrointest inal tract infections
Est imt ed to account for 5-10 percent of all adult upper respiratory truct infections
("comnon cold" 1o pneumonia and ARDS)
GI symptoms including diarrhea
When mu tat ions occur, coronaviruses can be a significant
cause of human epidemics
HISTORY: INFECTION
OF CORONA VIRUSES
Coronaviruses: History of
Infections
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
2002/2003
Guangdong Province of China
Beta coronav irus
Transmitted from bats to civets to humans
" Began in February 2003 and outbreak lasted until July 2003
" More than 8000 total cases, 774 deaths, fatality rate of
9. 6%
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
2012
Saudi Arabia
Beta coronavirus
Transmitted from camels to humans
" More than 2400 cases, 858 deaths, fatality rate of 34. 4%
HOW IT SPREADS
Droplets or aerosols: When an infected
person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets or tiny
particles called aerosols carry the virus into the air from
their nose or mouth. Anyone who is within 6 feet of that
person can breathe it into their lungs.
Fecal-oral: Studies also suggest that virus
particles can be found in infected people' s poop. But
expert s aren t sure whether the infection can spread
through contact with an infected person s stool. If that
person uses the bathroom and doesn' t wash their hands,
they could infect things and people that they touch.
Airborne transmission: Research shows that
the virus can live in the air for up to 3 hours. It can get
into your lungs if someone who has it breathes out and you
breathe that air in. Experts are divi ded on how often the
viruses' spreads through the airborne route and how much
it contributes to the pandemic.
Surface transmission: Another way to catch
the new coronavirus is when you touch surfaces that someone
who has virus has coughed or sneezed on. You may touch a
countertop or doorknob that' s contam inated and then touch
your nose, mouth, or eyes. The virus can live on surfaces
like plast ic and stainless steel for 2 to 3 days. To stop
it, clean and disinfect all count ers, knobs, and other
surfaces you and your family touch several times a day.
INCUBATION PERIOD
The incubation period of COVID-19, which is the time between
exposure to the virus and symptom onset, is on average 5-6 days,
but can be as long as 14 days. Thus, quarant ine should be in place
for 14 days from the last exposure to a confirmed
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Antibody (Serology) Tests
What they do: These tests detect ant ibodies that signal that
the body has mounted an immune response to the virus. They do not
indicate whether a person has current COVID-19 infection, or when
they were exposed.
Method: Blood Sample
Molecular
Tests
What they do: These
tests loo for the virus' s genetic material and are the current
standard for diagnos ing COV ID-19.
Method: Nasal or throat swab, and for some test, sal iva
COVID-19 SYMPTOMS
" Fever or chills
" Cough
" Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing
" Fatigue
" Muscle or body aches
" Headache
" New loss of taste or smel1
" Sore throat
" Congest ion or runny nose
" Nausea or vomiting
" Diarrhea
TREATMENTS
There is no specific, effective treatment or cure for corona
viruses" disease 2019 (COVID-19) the disease caused by the SARS
COVID-2 virus.
" But in India "Covishield" and "Covax in" are used in
this t ime.
The "0xford - AstraZeneca" vacc ine has been approved for
use in the UK. There is no vaccine approved by WHO.
PREVENTION
CVID-19
Safer at Home
Leave home only
for essential work Practice good hygiene:
or necessities cover tons and sneezes
don't Work remotely
your face, and
wash hands often
whenever possible
Physical distancing
of at least 6 Use cloth face
feet
coverings
when in public Disinfect
used frequently
items and
touched
surfaces often
FACTS ABOUT
COVID-19
cOVID-19 VACCINESIDEBUNKING THE MYTHSNAH
Vaccine Vaccine
rTH VS.
Fact
Is too soon to know # the Allveccines were thoroughly tested
veccine is afe and etective. A and studied to meet safety and
ofectiveness roquirements.
Natural imunlty may not protect you
MIhad coID, I don'tmeed the vacine. galnst goting the vn agaln, and
vaccines appoar to protect people longer.
Vaccinated people can still carry and
Idon't need to wear a mask after spread the virus to peoole whe hhaven't
getting the veccine. or can'b
tget vaccinated yot.
The vaccine does not interact with a
The vecchne causes lnfertility ln women. women's reproductive system or cells
and there are no reports or evidence to
support this.
None of the veccines use any part of the
The vaccine gives you COVID-19. coronavius that causes COViD-19 and
cannot give you the vinus.
The mitNA technology is new and The mRNA technology has been used
and studied for 20 years. It doesn't
changes your DNA. interfere with DNA and cannot change it.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
With the help of:
1. Google
. https://www. webmd. com
" https://www. who, int
" https://www. narayanahealth. org
2. YouTube
3. Biology Teacher
