TOP 10 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT COVID-19

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BASIC FACTS SIGNS and SYMPTOMS
• COVID-19 is a disease caused by Symptoms can be mild to severe, based on the following:
severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)1 Mild
• COVID-19 symptoms can range from none to severe illness3 • Fever • Headache
• Several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory • Chills • Nasal congestion
infections ranging from the common cold to more severe • Sore throat • Tiredness
diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) • Dry cough • Muscle pain
and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)5 • Shortness of breath or • New loss of taste or smell
difficulty breathing

2 Severe symptoms that require medical

attention immediately include the following:
HOW IT SPREADS
Shortness of
• The coronavirus that causes Persistent pain or
breath or difficulty
COVID-19 is primarily spread pressure in chest
breathing
from person to person3
• You can become infected by Bluish, grayish or
Disoriented - whitish colour to lips
coming into close contact with a
sudden confusion or face (depending
person who has the virus3
• You can become infected from respiratory droplets when an on skin tone)
infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks3 (This list is not all inclusive. Always consult your medical provider for
• You may also be able to get it by touching a surface or object any other symptoms that are severe or concerning.)

that has the virus on it, and then touching your mouth, nose,
or eyes3
5
3 PROTECTING
YOURSELF AND
TIME IT TAKES OTHERS
AFTER EXPOSURE The best way to protect yourself is to avoid being exposed to the
virus that causes COVID-19:
TO DEVELOP • Stay home as much as possible and avoid close contact with
SYMPTOMS others by practicing social distancing.
• Wear a mask or cloth face covering that covers your nose and
• The time between exposure to the virus and the moment mouth in public settings.
when COVID-19 symptoms may start is thought to be around • Cover your cough with the bend of your elbow or tissue. If a
five to six days but can range from 1 – 14 days5 tissue is used, discard it immediately and wash your hands.
• There is currently no vaccine to protect against COVID-195 • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
• There is evidence that even persons with mild to no symptoms • Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20
may also spread the virus2 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at
least 60% alcohol.
TOP 10 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT COVID-19
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WHO IS AT RISK
• Older adults WHEN AND HOW
• People of any age who have serious underlying medical
conditions (e.g., Hypertension, Diabetes, Heart disease, Respiratory
TO WEAR A MASK
disease and others) OR FACE COVERING
• Males are shown to have a slightly higher risk than females and
greater severity in symptoms • If you are infected, the use of mask or face covering may reduce
the risk of you infecting other people3
• Wear a mask or face covering in public settings where other
7 social distancing measures are difficult to maintain (e.g., grocery
stores, pharmacies, public transportation) especially in areas of
PREVENTING significant community-based transmission6
SPREAD • Before putting on a mask or face covering, clean hands with
alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water5
IF YOU ARE SICK • Cover mouth and nose with mask or face covering and make
sure there are no gaps between your face and the mask5
• Stay home if you are sick and separate yourself from other • Avoid touching the mask or face covering while using it; if you do,
people and pets in your home clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water5
• Avoid sharing personal household items6: • Replace the mask or face covering with a new one as soon as it
Do not share dishes, drinking glasses, cups, eating utensils, is damp or visibly soiled and do not re-use single-use masks5
towels, or bedding with other people in your home. • To remove the mask or face covering: remove it from behind (do
Wash these items thoroughly after using them with soap and not touch the front of mask); discard immediately in a closed
water or put in the dishwasher. bin; clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water5.
• Clean and disinfect areas that may have blood, stool, or body
fluids on them: 10
Use household cleaners and disinfectants. Clean the area
or item with soap and water or another detergent if it is dirty.
Then, use a household disinfectant. CURRENT
• Seek medical care if you need advice on how to relieve your
symptoms. Call ahead, or use telemedicine. TREATMENTS AND
VACCINES
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SURVIVAL TIME ON • Scientists around the world are working on potential treatments
and vaccines for COVID-195
SURFACES • There is currently no vaccine for COVID-19 and treatments are
• Studies have shown that the COVID-19 virus can survive for up symptoms based4
to 72 hours on plastic and stainless steel, less than 4 hours • Further research is still needed to determine if convalescent
on copper and less than 24 hours on cardboard5 plasma (from patients who have recovered from COVID-19) may
• Coronavirus can easily be removed from surfaces with common be a safe and effective treatment8
household disinfectants5 • Current clinical management includes infection prevention and
• Wear a face mask and gloves during cleaning control measures and supportive care, including supplemental
• Always clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or oxygen and mechanical ventilatory support when indicated7
wash them with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Avoid • The best protection currently is to continue to work on the steps
touching your eyes, mouth, or nose5 to prevent spread and exposure listed in number 5
References:
1. Zhou M, Zhang X, Qu J. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update [published online ahead of print, 2020 4. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/questions-answers
Apr 2]. Front Med. 2020;1–10. doi:10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8 5. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses
2. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control: Infection prevention and control for COVID-19 in healthcare 6. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html.
settings. Second update, 31 March 2020. 7. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/therapeutic-options.html
3. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/2019-ncov-factsheet.pdf 8. https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/donate-covid-19-plasma
Please Note: Given the novelty of this coronavirus, recommendations from the source references are interim and advisory in nature and are based on current knowledge of the situation. Always ensure compliance with your local public health authorities
for the latest information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

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