Communication Skills

Dr Eman Eltahlawy
• The process of communication is what
allows us to interact with other people;
without it, we would be unable to share
knowledge or experiences with anything
outside of ourselves.

• Common forms of communication include

speaking, writing, gestures, touch and
broadcasting.
• Communication is the process of sending and
receiving information among people.

• Communication skills are a set of activities that

ultimately make a quality public performance.
 Effective Communication
1. Completeness
2. Conciseness
3. Consideration
4. Clarity
5. Concreteness
6. Courtesy
7. Correctness
 Completeness
• The information conveyed in the message should
be complete for the communication to be effective
• The sender must take into consideration the
receiver's mind set and convey the message
accordingly.
• Complete information always gives additional
information wherever required, it leaves no
question in the minds of the receiver.
• Complete information helps in better decision
making
 Conciseness
• Concise communication provides short and
essential message in limited words.

• Concise message is more appealing and

comprehensive to the audience.

• Concise messages are non repetitive in nature.

 ‫ اعتبار‬Consideration
• Effective communication must take audience into
consideration by knowing the viewpoints, back
ground, mindset, educational level, etc.

• Consideration ensures that the self respect of the

audience is maintained and their emotions are not
harmed.

• Consider the needs and requirements of the

audience to achieve effective communication.
 Clarity
• Clarity implies emphasizing on a specific goal or
objective at a time, rather than trying to move away
from track.

• Clarity helps to understand the message easily.

• Complete clarity of thoughts and ideas enhances the

meaning of message.

• Clarity comes with the use of exact, appropriate and

concrete words.
 ‫ واقعية‬Concreteness
• Concrete communication implies being particular
and clear rather being fuzzy and general.

• Concrete communication shows good level of

confidence.

• Concrete information helps to strengthen the

reputation of the organization.

• Concrete information cannot be misinterpreted.

 ‫ مجاملة‬Courtesy
• Courtesy means being polite, kind, judicious,
enthusiastic and convincing.

• Courtesy reflects the nature and character of

the sender of the message.

• It is the same as give respect and then expect

the same.
 ‫ الصح‬Correctness
• Correctness in the communication implies
that the correct information is conveyed
through message.

• Correct information includes the precision and

accurateness of facts and figures used in the
message
• Communication skills involve listening,
speaking, observing and empathizing.

• It is also helpful to understand the differences

in how to communicate through face-to-face
interactions, phone conversations and
digital communications, like email and
social media.
Communication Skill #1 - Thinking
• You may not recognize thinking as being a
communication skill, but having a clear idea of
symbolic internal reality
• you want to convey to another person or
group of people is the beginning of effective
communication.
• If you don’t have the idea straight in your own
mind, don’t be surprised if others get a
different idea from your communication than
what you thought you intended to say.
 Communication Skill #2 – Listening
• Effective listening allows you to enter the
reality of the other person and understand what
their internal symbolic reality is. Only when you
do this are you able to communicate effectively
by understanding what they are sharing with
you, even if it is very different from your
personal perspective.
• Effective listening is the ability to focus
completely on a speaker, understand their
message, comprehend the information and
respond thoughtfully.
Important of Effective Listening :
 It helps you build connections.
 It helps you build trust.
 It helps you identify and solve problems.
 It helps you increase your knowledge and
understanding of various topics.
 It helps you avoid missing critical information.
 Verbal active listening skills
• Paraphrase. Summarize the main point(s) of the
message the speaker shared to show you fully
understand their meaning. This will also give the
speaker an opportunity to clarify vague information or
expand their message.

• Ask open-ended questions. Ask questions that show

you’ve gathered the essence of what they’ve shared,
and guides them into sharing additional information.
Make sure these questions cannot be answered with a
simple “yes” or “no
• Ask specific probing questions. Ask direct
questions that guide the reader to provide more
details about the information they’ve shared or
narrow down a broad subject or topic.

• Use short verbal affirmations. Short, positive

statements will help the speaker feel more
comfortable and show you’re engaged and able
to process the information they’re providing.
Small verbal affirmations help you continue the
conversation without interrupting the speaker or
disrupting their flow
• Display empathy. Make sure the speaker
understands you’re able to recognize their
emotions and share their feelings. By showing
compassion, rather than just feeling it, you’re
able to connect with the speaker and begin
establishing a sense of mutual trust.

• Share similar experiences. Discussing

comparable situations will not only show the
speaker you’ve successfully interpreted their
message, but it can also assist in building
relationships. If the speaker has shared a
problem, providing input from how you solved
similar challenges is valuable to others.
 Non-verbal active listening skills
• Nod. Offering the speaker a few simple nods shows
you understand what they’re saying. A nod is a
helpful, supportive cue, and doesn’t necessarily
communicate that you agree with the speaker—only
that you’re able to process the meaning of their
message.
• Smile. Like a nod, a small smile encourages a speaker
to continue. However, unlike a nod, it communicates
you agree with their message or you’re happy about
what they have to say. A smile can take the place of
a short verbal affirmation in helping to diffuse any
tension and ensure the speaker feels comfortable.
• Avoid distracted movements. Being still can
communicate focus. To do this, try and avoid
movements like glancing at your watch or phone,
audibly sighing, doodling or tapping a pen. You
should also avoid exchanging verbal or non-
verbal communications with others listening to
the speaker. This can make the speaker feel
frustrated and uncomfortable.

• Maintain eye contact. Always keep your eyes on

the speaker and avoid looking at other people or
objects in the room. Just be sure to keep your
gaze natural, using nods and smiles to ensure
you’re encouraging them rather than making the
speaker feel intimidated or uneasy.
 Communication Skill #3 – Speaking

• The third communication skill that leads to

effective communication is your selection of
words and the voice tones that you use
when you speak them
 Communication Skill #4 – Non-verbal
Communication
• Nonverbal communication is the
communication skill that usually receives little
thought because it happens automatically. We
actually learn to communicate nonverbally at
a very young age ( a baby crying) and are able
to communicate quite effectively using only
nonverbal communication.
• Non-verbal communication is when we
communicate in ways other than using the
spoken word.
• Our bodies speak volumes. We are always
sending signals to others, whether we like it or
not.
• Body language combined with vocal tone can
easily override or even cancel the meaning of
the words we say
 Non Verbal Body Language
• Eyes, eyebrows, and mouth send out non verbal
signals that can make a world of difference.
• Communication pros use extensive eye contact
helps you carry your message to each person in
the audience and it builds trust.
• Speak with your hands.
Draw lines in the air
Make a point
Count on your fingers
Emphasize length and width
Use non-verbal signals to be sincere and comfortable.
• Let your hands do what they want to do, as long
as they don't get in your pockets, fiddle with an
object, or make obscene gestures to your
audience.

• Your body posture affects your emotions and how

you feel determines your posture. If you are
confident, happy and ready, your body will show
it.
Communication Process
• Sender: The sender or the communicator is the
person who initiates the conversation and has
conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey
it to others.

• Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding

process wherein he uses certain words or non-
verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body
gestures, etc. to translate the information into a
message. The sender’s knowledge, skills,
perception, background, competencies, etc. has a
great impact on the success of the message.
• Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets
the message that he intends to convey. The message can
be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body
gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any other signal
that triggers the response of a receiver.

• Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the medium

through which he wants to convey his message to the
recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the
message effective and correctly interpreted by the
recipient. The choice of medium depends on the
interpersonal relationships between the sender and the
receiver and also on the urgency of the message being
sent. Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture are some of the
commonly used communication mediums.
• Receiver: The receiver is the person for whom the
message is intended or targeted. He tries to
comprehend it in the best possible manner such that
the communication objective is attained. The degree
to which the receiver decodes the message depends
on his knowledge of the subject matter, experience,
trust and relationship with the sender

• Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender’s

message and tries to understand it in the best
possible manner. An effective communication occurs
only if the receiver understands the message in
exactly the same way as it was intended by the
sender.
• Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the
process that ensures the receiver has received
the message and interpreted it correctly as it
was intended by the sender. It increases the
effectiveness of the communication as it
permits the sender to know the efficacy of his
message. The response of the receiver can be
verbal or non-verbal.

The Noise shows the barriers in communications.

There are chances when the message sent by the
sender is not received by the recipient
Communication Barriers
Over coming the barriers of
effective communication
 What is health education ?
• Process that informs, motivates, and helps
people to adopt and maintain healthy
practices and life styles.

• Health education is any combination of

learning experiences designed to help
individuals and communities improve their
health, by increasing their knowledge or
influencing their attitudes.
• health education is a matter of teaching the
community and the individual how to guard
against health hazards.

• Health education is that process by which

persons become aware of health needs and
practices which they may establish to meet
these needs.
• "any combination of planned learning
experiences based on sound theories that
provide individuals, groups, and communities
the opportunity to acquire information and
the skills needed to make quality health
decisions.“

• Education that increases the awareness and

favorably influences the attitudes and
knowledge relating to the improvement of
health on a personal or community basis.
 Objectives of Health Education
They are knowledge , attitude and practice
• Knowledge :is set of understanding and
information
• Attitude : is reflection of learning tenancy or
intentions
• Practice : are observable actions of individual
in response to stimulus
The ultimate goal of health education is:
• Improve the health of the individual and community
level.
• reduce the incidence of disease.
• Reduction of disabilities and deaths.
• Improve the quality of life for the individual and
society

Need for health education

Everyone needs health education to young and old,
men and women, educated and illiterate as it works to
improve the awareness and raise the level of interest
and awareness among all segments of society.
Components of Health Education
 Health Education Message
• Should address the problem we concern
• In simple local word or language
• Clear message
• Does not contradict with religions
• Physically accessible
• Acceptable socially and religious
• Cheap and doable
 Materials used for Health education
message
This considered as technical aid for deliver the
message it can be
 Chalk and board
 Flip chart
 Overhead projector
 Hand out and written materials
 Video and graph
 Film
 Cassettes and tapes
• Materials for special groups should be
innovative and creative:
- For children Puppest , songs , cartons drawing
, puzzles
- For teenagers competitions , games , social
media , mobile app , computer games
 Methods of Health Education
• One to one ( in private session ) called
counseling
• One to more than one
- Seminar
- Lecture
- Group discussion
- Public speak
• Indirect Education ( Mass Media ):
-TV
-Radio
-Newspaper
-Magazines
• E health and Mobile Health
The message delivered through internet on social
media pages of the internet