Contemporary Arts

Poetry
Presented By:
Hannah Jane DC. Constantino
Mary Maxene Louise F. Galvan
Table of contents
01 02
Poetry Elements of Poetry

03 04
Literary Techniques and Difference between Poetry
Devices and Spoken Poetry

05 06
Types of Poetic Forms Literary Forms of Poetry
in Philippine Literature
What is Poetry?

Considered to be counterpart of prose.

3S’s

● Structure - lines and stanzas

● Sense - colorful language making our
writing in deeper in sense.
● Sound - rhyme, rhythm and meter

Poetry intends to express emotions.

Elements
of
Poetry
Line
● Counterpart of sentences in
prose.
● Most basic element
● May or may not have fixed
number of syllables based
on the type of poem.
Stanza
● Counterpart of paragraphs in prose.
● A group of lines
● Has TYPES based on the number of
lines that composed it.
Types of Stanza

Couplet Tercet Terza Rima

Two lines Three lines Three stanzas of
three lines each

Quatrain Sestet Octet

Four lines Six lines Eight lines

Cinquain Septet
Five lines Seven lines
 ●
Meter
Measurement of the poem.

Two ways:
1. Syllables Count
2. Stress and Unstress Syllables Count
My Dim Heart
By: Maica Jill N. de Guzman

Silent tears of pain,

The Lord enters my dim heart

Renewed strength and faith

My Dim Heart
By: Maica Jill N. de Guzman

Si/lent/ tears/ of/ pain/, = 5 syllables

The/ Lord/ en/ters/ my/ dim/ heart/ = 7 syllables

Re/newed/ strength/ and/ faith/ = 5 syllables

Types of Meter
Accentual Meter
Each line has a fixed number of
stresse, but varies in the total
number of syllables.

Syllabic Meter Accentual-Syllabic Meter

Each line has a fixed Each line has the same number
number of syllables, but of stressed and non-stressed
varies in the total number syllables in a fixed order.
of stresses.

Free Verse
Lines have irregular patterns of
stresses and syllables.
Rhyme
● Likeness of the sound
● A poem without Rhyme is a Blank Verse

Types based on:

1. Positions
2. Syllable Count
3. Likeness of Sound
 End Rhyme
The most common type of rhyme
which can be found at the end of
each lines.

Types of
Rhyme
Internal/Leonine Rhyme
The rhyme which can be found
in between two or more words
in a single line.
 Masculine Rhyme
The rhyme consisting of a single
stressed syllable, as in “car” and
“far”.

Types of
Rhyme

Feminine Rhyme
The rhyme consisting of a
stressed syllable followed by an
unstressed syllable, as in
“mother” and “father”
 Perfect Rhyme
The exact match of sounds in a
rhyme, as in “ask” and “task”

Types of
Rhyme
Slant Rhyme
The imperfect rhyme, also called
oblique rhyme or off rhyme, wherein
the sounds are similar but not
exactly the same, as in “port” and
“heart”
 Rhythm
Succession and alternation of rhymes.
Rhyme Scheme
● Also called as Rhythmic Pattern
● Assignment of letters to each set of Rhymes of the
poem.
 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
By William Wordsworth

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
By William Wordsworth

I wandered lonely as a cloud A

That floats on high o’er vales and hills, B
When all at once I saw a crowd, A
A host, of golden daffodils; B
Beside the lake, beneath the trees, C
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. C
Tone
● Overall impression the poem makes
● The emotion/s conveyed by the poem
● Affected by writer’s choice of words
● Diction
 Theme
● The main idea or the general topic of the poem.

Common Themes:

- Love
- Family
- Revenge
- Inspiration
- Overcoming Fears
 Lesson
● The moral or the value rendered
Elements of poetry

Line Rhythm
Stanza Rhyme Scheme
Meter Tone
Rhyme Theme
Lesson
Literary Techniques and Devices

Diction Imagery Figures of Speech

Writer’s choice of Descriptive language Expressions that deviate
words Appeals to the five from literal meaning
senses Add color to language
The difference between
Spoken Poetry and Poetry

Spoken Poetry Poetry

Audience are considered when writing When we read poetry, we immediately
spoken poetry. There are no hidden think of a hidden meaning between
meanings, and references are simpler lines that are left open to our
to recognize and rely on. When there interpretation. A poem can be read
is a break between lines, it is several times, and each time you will
noticeable the audience's reaction to discover a new meaning for the same
the previous line that they really poem. The breaks between lines allow
understand the message. you to reflect on what has been said.
 15 Types
of Poetic Forms
Types of Poetic Forms
1. Blank Verse
it is a type of poetry written in a regular meter that does not contain
rhyme, most commonly found in the form of iambic pentameter.
Example:
It may be that in all her phrases stirred
The grinding water and the gasping wind;
But it was she and not the sea we heard.

2. Rhymed Poetry
In contrast to blank verse, rhymed poems rhyme by definition,
although their scheme varies.
Example:
“Roses are red, violets are blue, / Sugar is sweet, and so are you”
3. Free Verse
is a poetry that lacks a consistent rhyme scheme, metrical pattern, or
musical form.
Example:
Let us go then, you and I,
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherized upon a table;
Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,
The muttering retreats
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells:
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
4. Epics
An epic poem is a lengthy, narrative work of poetry. These
long poems typically detail extraordinary feats and
adventures of characters from a distant past.

Example:
“The Odyssey” by Homer, “Don Juan” by Lord Byron,
“Metamorphoses” by Ovid

5. Narrative Poetry
A poem that tells a story.

Example:
personal essays, fairy tales, short stories, novels, plays,
screenplays, autobiographies, histories, news stories.
6. Haiku
is a three-line poetic form originating in Japan, but the first line has only
five syllables, the second line has seven syllables, and the third line again
has five syllables.
Example:
“Butterflies are cool
in the big, huge, green forest
They fly up so high!”

7. Pastoral Poetry
A pastoral poem is one that concerns the natural
world, rural life, and landscapes. These type of
poems have persevered from Ancient Greece.
Example:
“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.” by Christopher Marlowe”

8. Sonnet
a 14 line poem, typically (but not exclusively) concerning the topic of
love. Sonnets contain internal rhymes within their 14 lines; the exact
rhyme scheme depends on the style of a sonnet.

Example:
Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
By William Shakespeare
9. Elegies
An elegy is a poem that reflects upon death or loss. Traditionally, it
contains themes of mourning, loss, and reflection. However, it can
also explore themes of redemption and consolation.
Example:
"Bitter constraint, and sad occasion dear,/ Compels me to
disturb your season due:/ For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his
prime,/ Young Lycidas, and hath not left his peer."

10. Ode
Much like an elegy, an ode is a tribute to its
subject, although the subject need not be dead or
even sentient.
 Example:
“Ode on a Grecian Urn” by John Keats

11. Limerick
a five-line poem that consists of a single stanza, an AABBA rhyme
scheme, and whose subject is a short, pithy tale or description..
Example:
“There was an Old Man with a beard, Who said, 'It is just as
I feared! Two Owls and a Hen, Four Larks and a Wren,
Have all built their nests in my beard.”
12. Lyric Poetry
refers to the broad category of poetry that concerns feelings and
emotion. This distinguishes it from two other poetic categories: epic
and dramatic.
Example:
“Whoso List to Hunt” by Sir Thomas Wyatt

13. Ballad
A ballad (or “ballade”) is a form of narrative verse that can be either
poetic or musical. It typically follows a pattern of rhymed quatrains.
Example:
“Don’t Stop Believin” by Journey, “Total Eclipse of the
Heart” by Bonnie Tyler
14. Soliloquy
is a monologue in which a character speaks to him or herself, expressing
inner thoughts that an audience might not otherwise know. Soliloquies
are not definitely poems, although they often can be—most famously in
the plays of William Shakespeare.
Example:

From Hamlet: “To be or not to be.”

15. Villanelle
A nineteen-line poem consisting of French verse form consisting of five
three-line stanzas and a final quatrain, with a highly specified internal
rhyme scheme.
Example:

“The House on the Hill” by Edwin Arlington, “Missing Dates” by

William Empson, “One Art” by Elizabeth Bishop.
 Literary Forms of
Poetry in Philippine
Literature
Pre-Colonial
● Played a central part of community life in villages of Pre-Colonial
Philippines.
● An indigenous oral tradition of bugtong (riddles) and sawikain
(proverbs).
● The short four-line poems are called tanaga that evolved from this
oral tradition.
● Each line that contained seven or eight syllables, and at the heart of
the poem was a cryptic metaphor called talinghaga.
Spanish Colonial
● Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry
and secular prose and poetry.
● Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish
and Tagalog where used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language.
● Fernando Bogonbanta’s Salamat nang Walang Hangan (Unending
Thanks) is a fine example that is found in the Guidelines for the
Christian life in the Tagalog language which was published in 1605.
The Leading Poets

Jose Corazon de Jesus Francisco Balagtas

acclaimed as the “First King of Wrote the most famous of the
Balagtasan” country’s metrical romances

Some secular poets who wrote in the same tradition were Leona Florentino,
Jacinto Kawili, Isabelo delos Reyes and Rafael Gandioco.
Spanish Colonial
● Another secular poetry is the metric romance, the corrido or awit, was a
traditional genre also practised by 18th century poets.
● The late 19th century saw a notable flowering of lyrical poetry by Jose de

Vergara, Juan de Atayde and Pedro Paterno (who was also a novelist). At the
beginning of the 20th century a school of nationalist poetry celebrating the glory
of the nation or the heroism of Rizal arose, with such writers as M. Guerrero,
Cecilio Apostol, Jose Palma y Velasquez, Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto.
Along with the revolutionary love song of the period (kundiman), these
anti-colonial and nationalist discourses contributed to the Filipino’s struggle for
independence.
American Colonial
● New literary forms such as free verse [in poetry], the modern short
story and the critical essay were introduced.
● American influence was deeply entrenched with the firm establishment
of English as the medium of instruction in all schools and with literary
modernism that highlighted the writer’s individuality and cultivated
consciousness of craft, sometimes at the expense of social
consciousness.
● The poet, and later, National Artist for Literature, Jose Garcia Villa
used free verse and espoused the dictum, “Art for art’s sake” to the
chagrin of other writers more concerned with the utilitarian aspect of
literature.
American Colonial
● Angela Manalang Gloria who used free verse and talked about illicit
love in her poetry. A woman poet described as ahead of her time.
Despite the threat of censorship by the new dispensation, more writers
turned up “seditious works” and popular writing in the native
languages bloomed through the weekly outlets like Liwayway and
Bisaya.
● Alejandro G. Abadilla advocated modernism in poetry. Abadilla later
influenced young poets who wrote modern verses in the 1960s such as
Virgilio S. Almario, Pedro I. Ricarte and Rolando S. Tinio.
The Contemporary Period
● The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continue especially with the
appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence of
committed literature in the 1960s and the 1970s.
● Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels and essays whether
these are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are personal in intention or not.
● Of course the Filipino writer has become more conscious of his art with the proliferation of
writers workshops here and abroad and the bulk of literature available to him via the mass
media including the internet. The various literary awards such as the Don Carlos Palanca
Memorial Awards for Literature, the Philippines Free Press, Philippine Graphic, Home Life
and Panorama literary awards encourage him to compete with his peers and hope that his
creative efforts will be rewarded in the long run.
Thank You!
Do you have any questions?

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References:

● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bROU-N2mlqg
● https://prezi.com/pck__ibwjrzv/pre-colonial-poetry-in-the-philippines/
● https://www.visitphilippines.org/about-philippines/poetry/
● https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/literary-
arts/the-literary-forms-in-philippine-literature/