Ge communicative Engi = (Sinorect SPEECH | ‘The art of narrating the words of a speaker is called narration, There are tw, Which we can report a conversation which was held at. 1. Either quote the correct words used by the speaker. 2. Give a list of what the speaker has said without quoting the original words ‘The first one is called Direct Speech and the second one is called Indirect or ,, speech. Hag He said to me, “I can't help you”. (Direct) He told me that he couldn't help me (Indirect) Teacher said to the student, “You are quite intelligent. (Direct) Teacher remared to the student that he was quite intelligent. (Indirect) We can notice that some changes have been made while changing the sentence from g. form to reported form. These are: (1) Remoral of inverted commas in the reported speech. (2) Change in reporting verb. e.g. ‘said’ is changed to ‘told’. B) Changes in tense ‘The pronouns used in the direct form are in the first person and these are changed ints ‘second and third person., While transforming a direct speech sentence to reported form changes occur in following aspects. @ Tense change @) Pronouns (i) Adverb and adverbial phrases of Time ‘> Some General Rules 1. Change of reporting verb 2. Use of linking word 3. Change of pronouns of the reported speech. ee es tit nk () al torment facie ° wan cae[see | rmmenente ge ww, ity (iy) ‘Cha ‘The reporter said, “This industry is responsible for pollution in this residential area”. ‘The reporter told that the industry is responsible for pollution in this residential area. He said, “My father is a doctor.” He told that his father is a doctor, inge of Adverbs Direct Speech Indirect Speech This, these that, those here there today that day tomorrow the next/following day yesterday the previous day/the day before previous. Last previous Now then/at that time Depending on the Statements Must can Shall let be changed to would have would let is used for Permission/suggestion/proposal, Likewise the reporting verb is changed. Example Ds: RS: Ds : RS DS RS: DS Said to me, “Let's go for a walk” He Proposed to me that we should go for a walk. He said to me, “Please help me.” He requested me to help him. Mother said, “Don't play outside” ‘Mother advised us not to play outsideRS DS: RS: DSi RS: DS RS: DS : RS : DS : RS : DS : RS: DS: RS : DS : RS : DS : RS 7 DS : RS : DS : RS : DS : RS : Grammar He requested me to let him read my essay, What a lovely house! He exclaimed with surprise that it was a very lovely house, Help me! She called for help He said to me, “How do you feel?” He asked me how 1 felt. He said, “I must see the principal.” He said that he must see the Principal. Mother said, “Save your Money”. Mother advised us to save money. Mother said, “Are you reading the newspaper now?” Mother asked if | was reading the newspaper at that time. Raman said, “I have finished the task”. Raman told that he had finished the task The Dean said, “She can teach maths”. The Dean said that she could teach maths. The officer said, “He may be fired”. The officer said that he might be fired. The boss said, “ I will come to the party”. The boss said that he would come to the party. I said, “He is the new secretary”. I said that he was the new secretary. He said, “You can phone from my office”. He said that [ could phone from his office.== communoauve enginn ——ay Convert given these 1. | sentences t0 indirect speech, Jaya said, “Don't go to the cinema”. “Don't sing that song”. Mother sai 1 spent all my posket money last Sunday”, He said, Jatin said, “What are you doing?” Neighbour said, “Do you think it will rain tomorrow?” ‘Where will you play football today?” 's a nice day today”, She says, * Last-week he said, “I watched a great film yesterday.” They will say, “We don’t have any money now. ). He said, “ lock the door when you are leaving.” |. She said, “Where have you been?” Laxmi said to her servant , “Sweep the bed room first”. . Mohan said, “I must go to the library to return this book.” He said to me, “Where did you go during the summer vacation?” '. 1 said to my father, “Why don’t you take the medicine daily?” He said, “Shall I leave it in the car? The assistant said, “Shall I type it again?” He said, “Shall I ever get married”. He said, “Shall I ever forget you?” He said to Naresh, “Are you tired?” _DS : He said to me, “How do you feel 2”© Grammar 3. DS: He said, “I must see the principal” RS: He said that he must see the principal 4, DR: He said to me, “Please help me” RS : He requested me to help him, 5, DS: He said to me, “Get out” RS ; He ordered me to get out 6. DS: You mustrit cross the road against red light” RS: He told us we mustrit cross the road against red light 7. DS: He said to me, “I must go now ” RS : He told me that he had to go at once. 8. DS: He said “I go fora morning walk daily” RS : He said that he goes for a moming walk daily 9. DS: The teacher said, “Man is mortal” RS: The teacher said that man is mortal 10. DS: He said, “Nobody is happy on this earth.” RS : He said that nobody is happy on this earth. EXERCISE - 2 Convert the following sentences into Indirect (Reported) speech: 1. He said to me, “Let’s go for a walk” Ramu said to me, “Let us help the poor.” She said to me, “Let me read your poem.” The captain said, “Hurrah ! we have won the match.” The teacher said, “My God ! I have forgotten my register.” “Help me”, she said She said, “what a terrible noise !” She said, “when do you want to leave ?” He said to me, “Are you OK 2” 10. He said, “Don’t touch the wire” ypwmrnawes wnEXERCISE - 3 Change the following sentences into indirect speech: 1. SO 907 Le ee he I said, “I was previously employed in a pharmaceutical company” The stranger said, “Don’t be afraid.” The dealer said, “I have just one word to say to you” Ram said, “May I stay at home tomorrow, Sir?” “shall we go to cinema,” I asked her The “He man said,” Quite right. She said, “I do not know you” The teacher said, “Put the books on the cupboard” Father said, “Don’t worry about a few mistakes.” 10. My mother said, “Sit down and tell me what is worrying you” > Answers chal 1 nenChange following sentences to reported speech: 14 silpah teehcanction 1, He said to me “Ram cane late” He said to me, “I am not well” I said, “He is my friend.” He said to me, “we are friends” He said, “my wife is suffering from malaria.” You said. “I will never came here again” He said, “I will join another company within a month” He says, “I am tired of doing this work.” ..- I said, “Don’t pass remarks on anyone.” + 10. Teacher said; ae ) © eS eee SS 8 OS ii