F1 TOPICAL REVISION

BIOLOGY
A SERIES OF TOPICAL QUESTIONS IN FORM ONE
BIOLOGY

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- In paper one you will find simple questions requiring simple

answers, single answer and/or a sentence.
- In paper two structured data based questions and essay questions.

1. CLASSIFICATION I &II
1. Name two classes of phylum arthropoda with cephalothorax.

2. List any three distinguishing features of class mammalia.

3. Give two characteristics that distinguish scientific names of organisms

from the ordinary
names
4. (a) In which kingdom do bacteria belong?

(b) Give any two benefits of bacteria to man

5. Name the phylum whose members possess notochord

6. The diagram below represents a bread mould:-

(a) Identify the kingdom to which the organism belongs:-

7. Give a reason why no moulting occurs during the adult stages of insects

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8. Name the branch of Biology that deals with the study of animals

9. State four ways in which some Fungi are beneficial to human

10. During a class practical form four students came across a plant whose
flower floral parts were in
multiples of fours and fives. To which sub-division and class does the
plant belong?
11. A student caught an animal which had the following characteristics:-

 Body divided into two parts

 Simple eyes
 Eight legs
The animal belongs to the class …………
12. The diagram below represents a bread mould.

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(a) (i) Name the Kingdom to which bread mould belongs.

(ii) Give two distinguishing characteristics of the Kingdom named

in (a)(i) above.
(b) State the function of the part labelled R

13. (a) What is meant by the term taxonomy?

(b) The scientific name of a rat is Rattus norvegicus

(i) Write the name correctly

(ii) Identify the genus and species names

14. List three features that distinguish arthropods from other organisms

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2. THE CELL – STRUCTURE

1. Name the organelles that perform each of the following functions:
a) Digestion and destruction of worn out organelles.

b) Osmoregulation

2. Explain why the following processes are important during the preparation
of temporary
slides :- (a) Staining

(b) Use of a sharp cutting blade

3. In a class experiment to establish the size of an onion cell, a leaner

observed the following on
the microscope field of view.

If the student counted 20 cells across the diameter of this field of view,
calculate the size of one
cell in micrometers.
4. State the functions of the following cell organelles: (a) Nucleolus.
(b) Plasma
membrane
5. What is the of nucleus of a cell made up of?

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6. (a) In a laboratory exercise a student observing a drop of pond water
under a microscope saw
and drew a spirogyra. If the magnification of the eye-piece was x5
and that of the objective
lens was x100, what was the magnification of the spirogyra?

(b) If the spirogyra has a length of 5cm at the above magnification,

calculate the actual length
in micrometers
7. (a) Identify the organelle shown below:-

(b) How is the organelle you have identified in (a) above suited to its
function
8. Identify the structures of the cells that perform the following functions:-
(a) Synthesize ribosomes

(c)Regulate exchange of substances in and out of the nucleus

9. (a) State the roles of enzyme catalase in living cells

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(b) Which factor inactivates enzyme?

10. The figure below represents a certain cell organelle:-

(a) (i) Identify the cell organelle

(ii) What is the function of the part labelled A
(b) Name the organelles that perform each of the following functions;
(i) Osmoregulation in amoeba
(ii) Carries out digestion and destruction of worn out cell organelles
11. State three properties of the cell membrane

12. The diagram below represents a plant cell

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(a) Name a carbohydrate which forms part of the structure labelled S

(b) State two functions of the part labelled R

(c) Name two structures present in the diagram but absent in the animal
cell
13. What do you understand by the following terms
a) Anatomy
b) Biochemistry
14. State the function of the following parts of a cell
a) Ribosome

b) Chloroplasts
15. a) What is the formula for calculating linear magnification of a specimen
when using a
hand lens
16. State the function of the following cell structures:- a) Ribosome ;
b) Centrioles ;
17. What is the main structural component of:- a) Cell wall

b) Cell membrane

18. State two characteristics of the kingdom monera which are prokaryotes

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19. The diagram below represents a cell

(a) Name parts labelled X and Y

b) Suggest why the structures labelled X would be more on one side
than the other
20. During a practical class, form fours estimated the field of view to be
3.5mm. Using the low
power objective, they observed spirogyra cells across the same field of
view and counted 8cells.
Calculate the size of each cell and give your answer in micrometer

21. A student caught an animal which had the following characteristics:-

 Body divided into two parts

 Simple eyes

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 Eight legs
a) To what class does the animal belong?

b) State two distinctive characteristics of members of the phylum from

which the animals in this
question (15) belongs
22. Distinguish between the following terms :-

a) Magnification and resolution of a microscope

b) Mounting and staining of a specimen

23. Name the organelle that performs each of the following functions in a
cell.
(a) Transport of packaged glycoproteins

(b) Destruction of worn out cell organelles

(c) Synthesis of proteins

24. Why are the following procedures done when preparing sections to be
observed under a light
microscope?
(a) Making of thin sections
(b) Using a sharp blade to make the sections

(c) Staining
25. What are the functions of the following parts of a light microscope?

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(a) Eye piece lens
(b) Condenser
(c) Diaphragm
26. Given that the diameter of the field of view of a light microscope is
2000um. Calculate the
size of a cell in mm if 10 cells occupy the diameter of the field of view

27. State the importance of the following processes in microscopy:

(a) staining
(b) sectioning
28. A cell was found to have the following under a light microscope; cell
membrane, irregular
in shape, and small vacuoles. Identify the type of the cell above

29. State the functions of the following organelles;

(a) Lysosomes
(b) Golgi apparatus
30. Name the class in phylum arthropoda which has the largest number of
individuals
31. State the functions of each of the following parts in a microscope.
(a) The eye piece lens
(b) The objective lens

32. The figure below represents an electron micrograph of an organelle that

is found in many

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cells;

(a) Identify the organelle

(b) State the function of the organelle

(c) What is the importance of infoldings in the inner membrane.

(d) Give two examples of tissues where you would expect many such
organelles in animal body.

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3. CELL PHYSIOLOGY – OSMOSIS, DIFFUSION AND

ACTIVE TRANSPORT
1. Two equal strips A and B were from a potato whose cell was 30% of
sugar. The strip A was placed in a solution of 10% sugar concentration
while B was placed in 50% sugar concentration
a) What change was expected in strip A and B

b) Account for the change in strip A

2. An experiment was set-up as shown below and left for one hour

(a) State the expected result at the end of one hour

(b) Explain the observations made in this experiment

3. State what would happen in each of the following:-

(a) A plant cell placed in: - (i) Strong salt solution

(ii) Distilled water
4. State three physiological processes that are involved in movement of
substances a cross the cell

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membrane
5. Potato cylinders were weighed and kept in distilled water evernight. They
were then
reweighed.

2.5 g 2.4g 2.7g 3.0 g 3.1 g 3.2g

At the beginning of the Experiment. At the end of the

experiment
a) Calculate the average mass of a potato cylinders after reweighing.
Show your working.
b) Explain why mass of the cylinders hand increased.

6. The diagrams below show a red blood cell that was subjected to a certain
treatment.

a) Account for the shape of the cell at the end of the experiment.
b) Draw a diagram to illustrate how a plant cell would appear if
subjected to the same treatment

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7. The diagram below shows the results obtained when red blood cells are
placed in different
solution: Solution X

Solution Y

(a) What name is given to the process that occurs when the cell is placed
in solution Y?
(b) Describe the process that would occur in a plant cell when
placed in a similar solution as that
of solution X
8. The figure below shows the results obtained when red blood cells are put
in different solutions:-Placed in Placed in

solution solution
B A

(a) What is the name given to the process that occurs when the cell is put
into solution B?

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(b) Compare the results obtained when the cell is put in solution B to the
results that would be
obtained if a plant cell was put in the same solution

9. Briefly state two adaptation for each of the following cells to their
functions
(i) Spermatozoon
(ii) Palisade mesophlly cell

10. The diagram below represents a cell at a certain stage in meiotic cell
division

a) Name the stage at which the cell drawn above represents

b) Give a distinguishing reason for your answer in 21(a) above

c) State any two differences between mitosis and meiosis

11. What are two differences between tropisms and tactic movement
12. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different
concentrations of sodium
chloride on human red blood cells. Equal amounts of blood were added
to equal volumes of the

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salt solution but of different concentrations. The results are shown in the
table below:
Set -up Number of red blood cells
Sodium At start of At the end of the
chloride experiment experiment
concentration
A 0.9% Normal No change in
number
B 0.3% Normal Fewer in number
(a) Account for the results in the set-up
(b) If the experiment was repeated using 1.4% sodium chloride solution,
state the expected
results with reference to:
(i) the number of red blood cells

(ii) the appearance of red blood cells if viewed under the microscope
13. Name support tissues in plants characterized by the following

(i) Cells being turgid

(ii) Cells being thickened by cellulose
(iii) Cells being thickened by lignin

14. The diagram below illustrates the behaviour of red blood cells when
placed into two different
solutions X and Y.

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(a) Suggest the nature of solutions X and Y.

(b) Name the process A and B.

(c) What would happen to normal blood cell if it were placed in a
solution isotonic.

15. Name two plant processes in which diffusion plays an important role

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16. Two fresh potato cylinders of equal length were placed one in distilled
water and the other in
concentrated sucrose solution:
(a) Account for the change in length of the cylinder in:
(i) Distilled water
(ii) Sucrose solution
(b) (i) What would be the result in terms of length if a boiled potato was
used?
(ii) Explain your answer in(b)(i) Above

(c) State two uses of the physiological process being demonstrated in

the experiment
17. The two cells shown below are obtained from two different potato
cylinders which were
immersed in tow different solutions P and Q.

a) i) Name the structure labelled A.

ii) State the function of structure B.

b) If eight of cell I were observed across the diameter of the filed of view
of 0.5 mm.
Work out the actual diameters of each cell in micrometers.

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c) Suggest the identity of the solution Q.

d) Account for the change in cell I above.

e) State any one importance of the physiological process being

demonstrated above in animals.
(e) Suggest a suitable control for this experiment

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4. NUTRITION IN PLANTS & ANIMALS

1. The chemical equation below represents a physiological process that
R
takes place in living
organisms:
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + Q
(a) Name the process R
(b) Name the substance Q
2. The diagram below shows cells in plants:-

(a) Identify the cells shown above

(b) Explain how the cells are adapted to their function

(c) Explain how accumulation of carbon (IV) Oxide in the cells above
would lead to the closure
of structure A

3. (a) A leaf of a potted plant kept in darkness for 48hours was smeared
with Vaseline jelly then
exposed to sunlight for 8hours. Explain why the test for starch in
the leaf was negative

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(b) Name two other processes that were interfered with in the plant

4. List two functional differences between plants and animals.

5. Explain how the guard cells are adapted to perform their function.

6. State the function of iron in the human body

7. What are the two functions of bile salts during the process of digestion?

8. State three adaptations of aquatic plants to photosynthesis

9. A biological washing detergent contains enzymes which remove stains

like mucus and oils
from clothes which are soaked in water with the detergent:-
(a) Name two groups of enzymes that are present in detergent

(b) Explain why stains would be removed faster with the detergent
in water at 35oC rather
than at 15oC

10. Name the diseases caused by deficiency of : (a) Iodine

(b) Vitamin C
11. Name two enzymes and one metal ion that are needed in the blood
clotting process
12. The diagram below shows how food boles move along the human
oesophogus and the

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Intestine

(a) Identify the process illustrated in the diagram

(b) Briefly state how the movement of food boles from position 1 to
position 2 is achieved
(c) Name one component of a persons diet that assists in the movement
of food described in
(b) above
13. State two adaptations of herbivores which enable them to digest cellulose

14. State two factors that affect the rate of osmosis

15. A certain organ K was surgically removed from a rat, later drastic
increase in glucose level in the

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blood was reported but when substance Q was injected into the animal
the whole process was
reversed.
Identify: (i) Organ K
(ii) Substance Q
16. a) Name the component of a persons diet that is essential for peristalisis

b) Give two groups of food which are reabsorbed along the mammalion
digestive system
without undergoing digestion

17. State three roles of light in photosynthesis

18. State two ways in which the guard cells differ their adjacent epidermal
cells
19. One of the components of bile is a chemical left over from destruction of
red blood cells
i) Identify the chemical substance

ii) What is the role of bile in digestion

20. (a) What is peristalsis?

(b) Explain how the process above is brought about.

21. The following reaction may occur in a forward and backward direction.

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Water + Carbon (IV) Oxide Glucose + Oxygen + Energy
(a)Name the organelle where the reaction occurs in:

(i) Forward direction

(ii) Backward direction
(b) Give one difference and one similarity for the two organelles named
in (a) above
22. A solution of sugar cane was boiled with hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydrogen carbonate was
added to the solution, which was then boiled with benedicts solution. An
orange precipitate was
formed.
(a) Why was the solution boiled with hydrochloric acid and then sodium
hydrogen carbonate
added in it
(b) To which class of carbohydrates does sugar cane belong?

(c) State the form in which carbohydrates are:

(i) Transported in animals

(ii) Transported in plants
23. The diagram below is of a certain type of neurons

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(a) Identify the type of neuron
(b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above

(c) Give the functions of the parts labeled A, B, and D

24. a) The mitochondria organelle has cristae structure on the inner

membrane. State the function of
the cristae

b) The diagram below represents a cell organelle

i) Name the part labeled Y

ii) State the function of the part labeled X

25. a) State the role of emulsification in the digestion of fats in the

alimentary canal
b) What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the alimentary canal

26. Briefly explain the effect of poisoning the roots hair on the uptake of
nitrate by plants

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27. Briefly explain the symbiotic relationship in the root nodule of a
leguminous plant
28. Explain how saliva is important in digestion

29. What is the fate of excess glucose in plants?

30. State two ways in which guard cells differ from other epidermal cells

31. Briefly explain the fate of the following products from the light stage of
the process of
Photosynthesis: (a) Oxygen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) ATP

32. In an experiment to investigate on aspect of digestion, two test tubes A

and B were set-up as
shown in the diagram below;

The test tubes were left in the bath for 30minutes.The content of each
test tube was then tested for
starch using iodine solution:-

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(a) What was the aim of the experiment?

(b) What results were expected in test-tube A and B

(c) Account of the results you have given in (b) above in test tube A
and B
33. [a]Name one salivary gland in humans
[b]State two functions of saliva

34. The diagram below represents a cell organelle

(i) Name the part labeled y

(ii) State the function of the part labeled X

(ii) State the function of the vitamin named in (i) above

36. (a) Name the disease caused by schistosoma parasites in man.

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(b) How is schistosome adapted to its parasitic mode of life?

37. The table below shows three enzymes A, B and C and their respective
optimum pH.
Enzyme Optimum
pH
A 6.8
B 2.0
C 8.0
(a) (i) Name the most likely region of the alimentary canal of a mammal
where enzyme
B would be found.
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i) above
38. [a]state two factors that affect enzymatic activities
[b]Explain how one of the factors stated in [a] above affects enzymatic
activities

39. (a) Name the specific part of the chloroplast where the following
processes occur.
(i) Carbon IV oxide fixation
(ii) Photolysis
(b) State one way in which the dark reactions of photosynthesis depends
on light reaction.

40. The diagram below shows a human tooth

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[a]Identify the tooth

[b]How is the tooth adapted to its function?
[c]State the role of the following vitamins in the human body
[i]C [ii]K
41. State three ways by which the rate of enzyme controlled reactions can be
increased.
42. Study the dental formula given below:
I 0; C 0 ; PM 3; M 2
4 0 3 3
(a) Identify with reasons the mode of feeding of the animals whose dental
formula is
given above
(b) Calculate the total number of teeth in the mouth of the above animal

43. Explain why small mammals such as moles feed more frequently than
larger ones such
as elephants
44. State three ways by which plants compensate for lack of the ability to
move from one place
to another
45. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow

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(a) Label the parts A and B

(b) State one observable difference between the structure above and the
liverwort
46. What is glycolysis?
47. (a) State two difference between monosaccharide and polysaccharides

(b) Name the bond found in proteins

48. Name two products of light reaction used in the dark reaction

49. State two functions of the large intestine in humans.

50. The diagram below shows a leaf of a growing plant partly covered with
aluminium foil.
The plant was placed in the sun from morning to midday and then tested
for starch.

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(a) What was the aim of the experiment?

(b) State the observation made when the leaf was tested for starch

51. The figure shows the effect of temperature on an enzyme catalyzed

reaction.

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(a) Explain what happens between A and B

(b) What is X?
52. Name two mineral elements that are necessary in the synthesis of
chlorophyll.

53. The figure below is a diagram of the anterior portion of the tapeworm.
A B
Taenia solium.

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C
(a) Name the parts labeled A, B, and C
(b) What is the intermediate host of Taenia Solium?

54. The diagram below represents a longitudinal section through the ileum
wall

a) Identify the structure labeled A and B

b) State one function of A and B

c) State two functions of the ileum

d) Explain the role of the liver in digestion

e) State the endocrine role of the pancreas in a mammal

55 Briefly describe the reactions during the light stage
of photosynthesis

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56. The diagram below shows the effect of varying light intensity on the
exchange of carbon IV
oxide between the leaves of a green plant and the atmosphere.
Co2
Cons
umed
by
plant

Co2
Light Intensity releas
ed
by
plant

a) What is the name given to the point marked x?

b) i) With reference to carbon IV oxide exchange state what happens at

point x.
ii) Explain how the effect observed at point x occurs.

c) Explain why there is a net uptake of carbon IV oxide at light intensity

above x.
d) What would happen to the plant if light intensity falling on it were
maintained at x
throughout?
e) What can you say about the exchange of oxygen between the plant and
the surrounding air at
intensities below x?

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57. The following diagram of a leaf shows what happens in a pant leaf during
photosynthesis:-

(a) Give two ways in which leaves are adapted to absorb light

(b) Name the gases labelled X and Y

(c) Name the tissue that transports water into the leaf and sugars out of
the leaf
(d) Explain why it’s an advantage for the plant to store carbohydrates
as starch rather than as
sugars
58. (a) What is meant by digestion?
(b) Describe how mammalian small intestine is adapted to its function

59. [a]The action of ptyalin stops in the stomach.Explain

[b]State a factor that denatures enzymes

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[c]Name the features that increase the surface area of small intestines

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