SECTION 3E BM 2 QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

o a) Alogia
o b) Avolition
o c) Anhedonia
o d) Hallucinations.
2. Alogia refers to:
o a) Poverty of speech.
o b) Lack of motivation
o c) Inability to experience pleasure
o d) Delusions of grandeur
3. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests:
o a) Decreased dopamine activity
o b) Increased dopamine activity.
o c) Normal dopamine activity
o d) Fluctuating dopamine activity
4. First-generation antipsychotics primarily target:
o a) Positive symptoms.
o b) Negative symptoms
o c) Cognitive symptoms
o d) Affective symptoms
5. Atypical antipsychotics are more effective than typical antipsychotics in treating:
o a) Positive symptoms only
o b) Negative symptoms only
o c) Both positive and negative symptoms.
o d) Neither positive nor negative symptoms
6. The prodromal phase of schizophrenia is characterized by:
o a) Full-blown psychotic symptoms
o b) Subtle changes in behavior and cognition.
o c) A complete remission of symptoms
o d) A persistent mood disturbance
7. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia include:
o a) Impaired attention
o b) Working memory deficits
o c) Difficulty with problem-solving
o d) All of the above.
8. Which of the following is a risk factor for schizophrenia?
o a) Advanced paternal age
o b) Urban living
o c) Cannabis use
o d) All of the above.
9. The primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia is to:
o a) Challenge delusional beliefs
o b) Improve social skills
o c) Enhance coping strategies
o d) All of the above.
10. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered for schizophrenia in cases of:

 a) Treatment-resistant catatonia.
 b) Severe depression
 c) Acute exacerbation of psychosis
 d) All of the above

11. Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by the presence of:

 a) Mood symptoms only

 b) Psychotic symptoms only
 c) Both mood and psychotic symptoms.
 d) Neither mood nor psychotic symptoms

12. The mood symptoms in schizoaffective disorder must meet criteria for:

 a) Major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.

 b) Dysthymia or cyclothymia
 c) Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
 d) Brief depressive disorder

13. The differential diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder includes:

 a) Schizophrenia
 b) Bipolar disorder with psychotic features
 c) Major depressive disorder with psychotic features
 d) All of the above.

14. Treatment for schizoaffective disorder typically involves:

 a) Antipsychotic medication
 b) Mood stabilizers
 c) Antidepressants
 d) All of the above.

15. Psychotherapy for schizoaffective disorder may include:

 a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
 b) Family therapy
 c) Supportive therapy
 d) All of the above.
16. The duration of symptoms in schizophreniform disorder is typically:

 a) Less than 1 month

 b) 1-6 months.
 c) 6-12 months
 d) More than 12 months

17. The prognosis for schizophreniform disorder is:

 a) Generally good
 b) Generally poor
 c) Variable.
 d) Unknown

18. The differential diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder includes:

 a) Brief psychotic disorder

 b) Schizophrenia
 c) Mood disorder with psychotic features
 d) All of the above.

19. Treatment for schizophreniform disorder is similar to that for:

 a) Brief psychotic disorder

 b) Schizophrenia.
 c) Mood disorders
 d) None of the above

20. Long-term follow-up of individuals with schizophreniform disorder is important to:

 a) Monitor for the development of schizophrenia

 b) Assess for the emergence of other psychiatric disorders
 c) Evaluate the effectiveness of treatment
 d) All of the above.

21. Delusional disorder is characterized by the presence of:

 a) Bizarre delusions only

 b) Non-bizarre delusions only.
 c) Both bizarre and non-bizarre delusions
 d) Neither bizarre nor non-bizarre delusions

22. The most common type of delusional disorder is:

 a) Persecutory type.
 b) Grandiose type
 c) Jealous type
 d) Somatic type

23. Shared psychotic disorder typically involves a dominant and submissive relationship
between the individuals involved.

 a) True.
 b) False

24. Treatment for delusional disorder may include:

 a) Antipsychotic medication
 b) Psychotherapy
 c) Both a and b.
 d) Neither a nor b

25. The prognosis for delusional disorder is:

 a) Generally good
 b) Generally poor
 c) Variable.
 d) Unknown

26. The duration of symptoms in brief psychotic disorder is typically:

 a) Less than 1 week

 b) 1-2 weeks
 c) 1-4 weeks.
 d) 1-6 weeks

27. Catatonia is characterized by:

 a) Psychomotor agitation
 b) Stupor
 c) Waxy flexibility
 d) All of the above.

28. Treatment for catatonia may include:

 a) Benzodiazepines
 b) Electroconvulsive therapy
 c) Antipsychotic medication
 d) All of the above.

29. Other specified psychotic disorder and unspecified psychotic disorder are diagnoses used
when:
 a) The criteria for a specific psychotic disorder are not met.
 b) The clinician does not have sufficient information to make a specific diagnosis
 c) The individual has a combination of symptoms from different psychotic disorders
 d) All of the above

30. The prognosis for brief psychotic disorder is:

 a) Generally good.
 b) Generally poor
 c) Variable
 d) Unknown

31. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include:

o a) Delusions and hallucinations
o b) Alogia, avolition, and anhedonia.
o c) Disorganized thought and speech
o d) Catatonic behavior
32. A common neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia is:
o a) Enhanced memory function
o b) Impaired working memory.
o c) Superior problem-solving skills
o d) Increased attention span

33. The key difference between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is the presence of:
o a) Psychotic symptoms
o b) Mood symptoms.
o c) Negative symptoms
o d) Cognitive deficits
34. Treatment for schizoaffective disorder often involves a combination of:
o a) Antipsychotics and antidepressants
o b) Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers.
o c) Antidepressants and anxiolytics
o d) Anxiolytics and mood stabilizers

35. Schizophreniform disorder is distinguished from schizophrenia by:

o a) The presence of mood symptoms
o b) The shorter duration of psychotic symptoms.
o c) The absence of negative symptoms
o d) The presence of catatonic features
36. The prognosis for schizophreniform disorder is often:
o a) Worse than schizophrenia
o b) Better than schizophrenia.
o c) Similar to schizophrenia
o d) Unpredictable

37. Delusional disorder is characterized by:

 o a) Bizarre delusions only
o b) Non-bizarre delusions only.
o c) Both bizarre and non-bizarre delusions
o d) Neither bizarre nor non-bizarre delusions
38. Shared psychotic disorder, also known as folie à deux, involves:
o a) The transmission of delusional beliefs from one person to another.
o b) A shared psychotic experience without a dominant-submissive relationship
o c) A brief psychotic episode shared by two or more individuals
o d) A delusional belief about a shared physical illness

39. Brief psychotic disorder is characterized by:

o a) Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms lasting less than one month.
o b) Persistent delusions and hallucinations for several months
o c) A gradual onset of cognitive decline and social withdrawal
o d) A chronic course with intermittent exacerbations
40. Catatonia is a psychomotor disturbance that can be associated with:
o a) Various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder.
o b) Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease
o c) Substance intoxication or withdrawal
o d) All of the above
41. Other Specified Psychotic Disorder and Unspecified Psychotic Disorder are diagnoses
used when:
o a) Symptoms of psychosis are present, but do not meet the criteria for a
specific psychotic disorder.
o b) The individual has a history of a psychotic disorder but is currently
asymptomatic
o c) The individual experiences mild psychotic symptoms that do not significantly
impair functioning
o d) The individual has a delusional disorder with bizarre delusions
42. Treatment for brief psychotic disorder often involves:
o a) Long-term antipsychotic medication
o b) Short-term antipsychotic medication and supportive therapy.
o c) Electroconvulsive therapy
o d) Psychotherapy only

43. A common side effect of first-generation antipsychotic medications is:

o a) Weight loss
o b) Extrapyramidal symptoms.
o c) Metabolic syndrome
o d) Sexual dysfunction
44. Second-generation antipsychotics are generally associated with a lower risk of:
o a) Akathisia
o b) Dystonia
o c) Extrapyramidal symptoms.
o d) Tardive dyskinesia
45. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be helpful for individuals with psychotic
disorders by:
o a) Challenging delusional beliefs
o b) Improving social skills
o c) Reducing negative symptoms
o d) All of the above
46. Family therapy can be beneficial for individuals with psychotic disorders by:
o a) Reducing expressed emotion
o b) Improving communication within the family
o c) Providing support and education
o d) All of the above.
47. Early intervention for psychotic disorders can:
o a) Improve long-term outcomes.
o b) Exacerbate symptoms
o c) Delay the onset of psychosis
o d) Prevent the development of psychotic disorders
48. Risk factors for developing psychotic disorders include:
o a) Genetic factors
o b) Environmental stressors
o c) Substance use
o d) All of the above.
49. The prognosis for individuals with psychotic disorders is:
o a) Always poor
o b) Always good
o c) Variable, depending on several factors.
o d) Unpredictable
50. Research suggests that a combination of medication and psychosocial interventions is
often the most effective approach for managing psychotic disorders.
o a) True.
o b) False

51. A core symptom of major depressive disorder is:

o a) Grandiosity
o b) Depressed mood.
o c) Increased energy
o d) Flight of ideas
52. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by the presence of:
o a) Manic or mixed episodes.
o b) Major depressive episodes
o c) Hypomanic episodes
o d) Dysthymic disorder
53. A common comorbidity with bipolar disorder is:
o a) Panic disorder
o b) Substance abuse.
o c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
o d) Social anxiety disorder
54. Lithium is a first-line treatment for:
o a) Bipolar disorder.
o b) Major depressive disorder
o c) Generalized anxiety disorder
o d) Panic disorder
55. Rapid cycling bipolar disorder is characterized by:
o a) Four or more mood episodes in a year.
o b) A single manic episode
o c) Chronic low-grade depression
o d) Alternating hypomanic and depressive episodes
56. The cognitive-behavioral model of depression emphasizes the role of:
o a) Negative thoughts and beliefs.
o b) Neurotransmitter imbalances
o c) Genetic factors
o d) Early childhood experiences
57. A risk factor for depression is:
o a) High self-esteem
o b) Strong social support
o c) Family history of depression.
o d) Regular exercise
58. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for:
o a) Treatment-resistant depression.
o b) Mild depression
o c) Anxiety disorders
o d) Substance use disorders
59. Common side effects of antidepressant medications include:
o a) Increased appetite
o b) Weight loss
o c) Sexual dysfunction.
o d) Hypomania
60. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be helpful in the
treatment of bipolar disorder by:

 a) Directly altering brain chemistry

 b) Addressing cognitive distortions and behavioral patterns.
 c) Reducing the need for medication
 d) Preventing manic episodes

61. Which of the following is a mood stabilizer?

 a) Fluoxetine
  b) Lithium.
 c) Alprazolam
 d) Bupropion

62.Antipsychotic medications are sometimes used to treat bipolar disorder to:

 a) Induce mania
 b) Control psychotic symptoms.
 c) Enhance mood stabilization
 d) Reduce anxiety

63.Family therapy can be beneficial for individuals with bipolar disorder by:

 a) Providing direct therapy to the individual

 b) Improving communication and reducing stress within the family.
 c) Administering medication
 d) Monitoring for suicidal ideation
64. Adherence to medication is crucial for the long-term management of bipolar
disorder because:

 a) It can cure the disorder

 b) It can prevent mood episodes and reduce symptoms.
 c) It can enhance cognitive function
 d) It can improve social skills

Dysthymia and Cyclothymia

65. Dysthymia is characterized by:

 a) Brief periods of depressed mood

 b) Chronic low-grade depression.
 c) Manic episodes
 d) Rapid cycling mood swings

66. Cyclothymia is a milder form of:

 a) Bipolar disorder.
 b) Major depressive disorder
 c) Generalized anxiety disorder
 d) Panic disorder

67.A common comorbidity with cyclothymia is:

 a) Schizophrenia
 b) Substance abuse.
 c) Panic disorder
 d) Social anxiety disorder
68. Cyclothymia often progresses to:

 a) Bipolar disorder.
 b) Major depressive disorder
 c) Generalized anxiety disorder
 d) Panic disorder

69.The challenges in diagnosing and treating cyclothymia include:

 a) The lack of specific diagnostic criteria

 b) The subtle nature of symptoms and the difficulty in distinguishing it from other
mood disorders.
 c) The high prevalence of comorbid medical conditions
 d) The resistance of individuals with cyclothymia to seek treatment
70. A common symptom of anxiety disorders is:

 a) Grandiosity
 b) Excessive worry.
 c) Decreased energy
 d) Slowed thinking

71.Panic disorder is characterized by:

 a) Recurrent unexpected panic attacks.

 b) Chronic, low-level anxiety
 c) Fear of specific objects or situations
 d) Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors

72.The cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety disorders emphasizes the role of:

 a) Maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.

 b) Neurotransmitter imbalances
 c) Genetic factors
 d) Early childhood experiences

73.Benzodiazepines are a first-line treatment for:

 a) Depression
 b) Anxiety disorders.
 c) Bipolar disorder
 d) Schizophrenia

74.Risks of long-term benzodiazepine use include:

 a) Weight loss
 b) Increased energy
 c) Dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
 d) Hypomania

75.Cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective for the treatment of:

 a) Anxiety disorders.
 b) Schizophrenia
 c) Bipolar disorder
 d) Substance use disorders

76.Exposure therapy is a technique used to treat:

 a) Anxiety disorders.
 b) Depression
 c) Bipolar disorder
 d) Schizophrenia

77.Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) can be helpful for managing anxiety by:

 a) Increasing rumination
 b) Improving attention and emotional regulation.
 c) Reducing physical activity
 d) Enhancing negative thinking patterns

78.A risk factor for suicide is:

 a) Strong social support

 b) Positive coping skills
 c) Previous suicide attempt.
 d) Effective problem-solving skills

79.Warning signs of suicide include:

 a) Increased energy and motivation

 b) Talking about death or suicide.
 c) Improved mood
 d) Increased interest in hobbies

80.It is important to directly ask patients about their suicidal thoughts because:

 a) It can help identify those at risk and initiate appropriate interventions.

 b) It may increase the risk of suicide
 c) It is insensitive and may upset the patient
 d) It is not necessary unless the patient volunteers the information
81.A protective factor against suicide is:

 a) Social isolation
 b) Substance abuse
 c) Strong social support.
 d) Hopelessness

82.Crisis intervention can be helpful in suicide prevention by:

 a) Ignoring the patient's distress

 b) Providing immediate support and stabilization.
 c) Encouraging the patient to solve their problems independently
 d) Minimizing the seriousness of the situation

83.A common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is:

 a) Excessive worry
 b) Repetitive behaviors.
 c) Fear of open spaces
 d) Fear of contamination

84.OCD is often associated with:

 a) Schizophrenia
 b) Depression and anxiety.
 c) Bipolar disorder
 d) Substance use disorders

85.Obsessions are characterized by:

 a) Intrusive, unwanted thoughts.

 b) Repetitive behaviors
 c) Fear of specific objects or situations
 d) Excessive worry
86. The cognitive-behavioral model of OCD emphasizes the role of:

 a) Maladaptive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

 b) Neurotransmitter imbalances
 c) Genetic factors
 d) Early childhood experiences

87.A first-line treatment for OCD is:

 a) Antipsychotics
 b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy.
 c) Mood stabilizers
 d) Antihistamines

88.Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is an effective treatment for OCD because
it helps individuals:

 a) Confront their fears and resist compulsive behaviors.

 b) Avoid situations that trigger obsessions and compulsions
 c) Meditate and practice mindfulness
 d) Use relaxation techniques to manage anxiety

89.A common comorbidity with OCD is:

 a) Schizophrenia
 b) Major Depressive Disorder.
 c) Bipolar Disorder
 d) Substance Use Disorder

90.Which of the following is a risk factor for developing OCD?

 a) Genetic predisposition.
 b) Low intelligence
 c) Poor social skills
 d) Lack of education

91.A common symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is:

 a) Re-experiencing traumatic events.

 b) Decreased arousal
 c) Lack of emotional response
 d) Increased appetite

92.Acute stress disorder is characterized by:

 a) Symptoms of PTSD lasting less than one month.

 b) Chronic, low-level anxiety
 c) A specific phobia
 d) Panic attacks

93.A first-line treatment for PTSD is:

 a) Antipsychotic medication
 b) Mood stabilizers
 c) Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT).
 d) Hypnosis

94.Prolonged exposure therapy is a type of therapy used to treat:

 a) PTSD.
 b) OCD
 c) Social anxiety disorder
 d) Generalized anxiety disorder

95.A common symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is:

 a) Excessive worry.
 b) Panic attacks
 c) Specific phobias
 d) Obsessive thoughts

96.A risk factor for GAD is:

 a) Family history of anxiety disorders.

 b) High self-esteem
 c) Strong social support
 d) Regular exercise

97.A common medication used to treat GAD is:

 a) Lithium
 b) Antipsychotics
 c) Benzodiazepines.
 d) Stimulants

98.Social anxiety disorder is characterized by:

 a) Fear of social situations.

 b) Avoidance of crowds
 c) Fear of open spaces
 d) Fear of contamination

99.Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for treating social anxiety disorder

by:

 a) Challenging negative thoughts and beliefs about social situations.

 b) Increasing social isolation
 c) Avoiding social situations
 d) Using relaxation techniques

100.A common symptom of specific phobia is:

 a) Intense fear of a specific object or situation.

 b) Panic attacks
 c) Obsessive thoughts
 d) Depressed mood